Marquardi Gudii et doctorum virorum ad eum Epistolæ. Quibus accedunt ex Bibliotheca Gudiana clarissimorum et doctissimorum virorum, qui superiore & nostro sæculo floruerunt; et Claudii Sarravii senatoris Parisiensis Epistolæ ex eadem Bibliotheca auctiores. Curante Petro Burmanno
Creator: Marquard Gude | Date: 1697 | Notes: This Republic-of-Letters correspondence exposes manuscript-hunting, textual rivalries, coded erudition, and the obsessive recovery of classical fragments.
- Title
- Marquardi Gudii et doctorum virorum ad eum Epistolæ. Quibus accedunt ex Bibliotheca Gudiana clarissimorum et doctissimorum virorum, qui superiore & nostro sæculo floruerunt; et Claudii Sarravii senatoris Parisiensis Epistolæ ex eadem Bibliotheca auctiores. Curante Petro Burmanno
- Creator
- Marquard Gude
- Date
- 1697
- Notes
- This Republic-of-Letters correspondence exposes manuscript-hunting, textual rivalries, coded erudition, and the obsessive recovery of classical fragments.
Document notes
This Republic-of-Letters correspondence exposes manuscript-hunting, textual rivalries, coded erudition, and the obsessive recovery of classical fragments.
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Ex Bibliotheca majori Coll. Rom. Societ. Iesu
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From the Library of the Roman College of the Society of Jesus
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MARQUARDI GUDII ET DOCTORUM VIRORUM AD EUM EPISTOLÆ. Quibus accedunt ex Bibliotheca Gudiana CLARISSIMORUM ET DOCTISSIMORUM VIRORUM, qui superiore & nostro sæculo floruerunt; ET CLAUDII SARRAVII Senatoris Parisensis EPISTOLÆ Ex eadem Bibliotheca auctiores. Curante PETRO BURMANNO. ULTRAJECTI, Apud {FRANCISCUM HALMAM.} {GULIELMUM vande WATER.} M. D[OMI]N[US] XCVII. Bibliopol.
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Letters of MARQUARD GUDIUS and of learned men to him. To which are added, from the Gudian Library, the letters of most distinguished and most learned men, who flourished in the preceding and our age; and also the letters of CLAUDIUS SARRAVIUS, Senator of Paris, from the same Library, enlarged. Edited by PETER BURMANN. UTRECHT, at the press of FRANCISCUS HALMA. GULIELMUS van de WATER. 1697. Bookseller.
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VIRO EXCELLENTISSIMO JOANNI GEORGIO GRAEVIO S. D. PETRUS BURMANNUS. Uem hortatu & consilio tuo, Vir ex- cellentissime, has Clarissimorum & Do- ctissimorum virorum Epistolas edendi, laborem suscepi, ut tuo potissimum no- mini inscriberem, plurimæ & graves me causæ impulere. Nam si paren- tibus a liberis, quibus vitam dederunt, & quos a pri- mis ætatis aunis summa cura & caritate educarunt, summo jure debeantur, nefariumque pute- tur nulla grati animi significatione educatores suos prosequi; quid tandem me Tibi, Vir excellentissi- me, debere censes? qui me semper, ac si ex Tenatus essem, complexus es, tantam in me erudiendo, & teneram ætatem ad humanitatem informando, curam adhibuisti, tam prolixa denique benevolentia in omni- bus rebus adjuvisti, ut si de Filii tui commodis agen- dum fuisset, amabilius certe nihil facere potuisses. Pos- sem initia amicitiæ & necessitudinis ex Parente meo, quo nemo, dum fata sinebant, familiarius & conjun- ctius Tecum vixit, repetere; sed id iis faciendum recte censuit Romanæ eloquentiæ Princeps, qui paternas amicitias nullis ipsi officiis prosecuti sunt. Melius vero amici- *2
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To the most excellent man, JOHANN GEORG GRAEVIUS, Greeting. PETER BURMANNUS. Your encouragement and advice, most excellent Sir, moved me to undertake the labor of publishing these letters of the most renowned and learned men, so that I might dedicate them chiefly to your name. For if, by the highest right, gratitude is due from children to parents, who gave them life and reared them from their earliest years with the greatest care and affection, and if it is thought impious for them not to show any sign of gratitude toward those who educated them, what, then, do you think I owe to you, most excellent Sir? You have always embraced me as though I were your own child; in instructing me, and in shaping my tender age toward humanity and culture, you showed such care, and finally you aided me in all things with such abundant goodwill, that if it had been necessary to consider the welfare of your son, you could surely have done nothing more kindly. I could trace the beginnings of our friendship and close relationship back to my father, with whom no one, while fate allowed, lived more familiarly and intimately than with you; but the leading prince of Roman eloquence rightly judged that this should be done by those who had pursued their fathers’ friendships with no services of their own. Yet better friendship- *2
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Dedicatio. amicitiæ caussas ex egregia & perspectissima tua volun- tate petam, qua me Fratresque meos, in prima pueritia patre orbatos, liberalibus artibus imbuendos, & tua manu formandos & fingendos suscepisti, & conjun- ctionem, quæ olim Tibi cum Parente intercessit, in li- beros propagare voluisti. Nullum certe unquam beni- gnitatis genus omisisti, semper consilio & prudentia tua mollem ac flexibilem ætatem nostram modera- tus es, auctoritate vero tua & institutione ad inti- ma Musarum sacraria nos deduxisti; ita ut vix orbita- tem sentiremus, & nihil nobis præter Patris nomen deesse crederemus. Neque ex eo tempore, quo e ludo & disciplina tua exiimus, studia nostra sovere desisti, sed quos semel tuendos receperas, semper augendos & ormandos censuisti, nihilque quod ad commoda nostra pertinere putabas, reliquisti. In- primis autem me tot ac tantis officiis, quæ in me con- tulisti, Tibi devinctum esse gratus agnosco, ut nemi- ni mortalium plus debeam, Teque per omnem æ- tatem sicut alterum parentem observandum & dili- gendum proposuerim. Nam cum a prima pueritia me magna alacritate & contentione ad ea studia, in qui- bus Tu communi eruditorum suffragio principatum tenes, ferri videres, singulari quadam animi propen- sione & favore me complexus es. Quotidie ad Te ac- cedere, rationemque otii mei Tibi reddere, & si in quibusdam hærebam, ad te referre insigni humani- tate passus es. Multis itaque & certissimis argumentis semper me a Te amari vidi, nullum vero illustrius eximiæ
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Dedication. I shall seek the reasons for friendship from your excellent and most evident goodwill, by which you undertook to instruct me and my brothers, orphaned in early childhood, in the liberal arts, and to shape and form us by your hand; and you wished to extend to your children the bond that once existed between you and our father. You certainly omitted no kind of kindness; by your counsel and prudence you always guided our tender and impressionable age, and by your authority and instruction you led us into the innermost shrines of the Muses, so that we scarcely felt our orphanhood, and believed that nothing was lacking to us except the name of a father. Nor from the time when we departed from your school and discipline did you cease to cherish our studies, but those whom you had once taken under your protection you always judged should be further advanced and adorned, and you left nothing undone that you thought would contribute to our advantage. Above all, I gratefully acknowledge that by so many and so great services which you have bestowed upon me, I am so bound to you that I owe more to no mortal, and I have resolved to regard and love you throughout my whole life as another father. For when you saw that from early childhood I was being drawn with great eagerness and zeal toward those studies in which by the common vote of the learned you hold the foremost place, you embraced me with a singular inclination and favor of mind. You allowed me each day to come to you and to account for my leisure, and if in some matters I was in doubt, to refer them to you, with remarkable kindness. Thus by many and most certain proofs I have always seen that I was loved by you, but no proof more illustrious of your exceptional
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DEDICATIO. eximiæ tuæ erga me voluntatis indicium deprehendi, quam quod postquam aliquem me in his literis progressum fecisse judicasti, in societatem & partem laborum tuorum, quos Tu maximos pro re literaria juvanda & ornanda sustines, vocare volueris; dumque Tu insignibus ingenii & doctrinæ monumentis, æternum post fata tua victuris, orbem literatum demereris, me illis adornandis & recensendis admo-veris, ad quæ non tam consummata eruditio, ut tua est, requiritur; sicque sensim me ac per gradus ad aliquam industriæ & diligentiæ famam ascendere, auspiciis tuis ac auctoritate jubeas. In quo summam meam felicitatem prædico, qui talem Præceptorem & Moderatorem juventutis meæ nactus sim, in quo merito dubites, majorne doctrina (quæ tamen summa est) an prolixior humanitas sit; &, cum rarissimam cum perfecta eruditione mixturam faciat elegantia & venustas morum, qui hoc unum proprium & præcipuum habeat, ut cum omnium judicio doctissimus habeatur, idem tamen ab universis humanissimus ac suavissimus prædicetur. Nemo unquam ad colloquium tuum admittitur, quin ex sermonibus tuis, quos egregia eruditione ornas, & mira venusta- te commendas, & voluptatem maximam & uberrium fructum domum reportet. Neque libentius adolescentes, ut sapientiæ præcepta audiant, ex ore tuo pendent, quam provecti ætate in familiaritate tua avide versantur, ut exempla vitæ & prudentiæ a Te petant. Illud vero singulare ac prope unicum Ti- *3 bi
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DEDICATION. I have discovered an indication of your extraordinary goodwill toward me in this: that after you judged that I had made some progress in these studies, you were pleased to call me into partnership and a share in your labors, which you undertake as very great for the help and adornment of learning; and while you enrich the learned world with distinguished monuments of talent and scholarship, destined to live forever after your death, you have encouraged me to assist in arranging and reviewing them, for which not so much consummate learning, such as yours, is required; and thus, step by step, you command me, under your guidance and authority, to rise to some reputation for industry and diligence. In this I declare my greatest happiness: that I have obtained such a Teacher and Guide of my youth, in whom one may rightly doubt whether greater learning (which is nevertheless very great) or greater kindness is to be found; and since elegance and grace of manner produce a very rare union with perfect scholarship, he has this one special and distinctive quality, that while by everyone’s judgment he is regarded as most learned, he is at the same time proclaimed by all to be most humane and most gentle. No one is ever admitted to your conversation without carrying home from your discourse, which you adorn with outstanding erudition and recommend with wonderful grace, both the greatest pleasure and the richest profit. Nor do the young listen to the precepts of wisdom more willingly from your lips than those more advanced in years eagerly spend time in your company, that they may seek from you examples of life and prudence. But that singular and almost unique thing in you
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DEDICATIO. bi a natura datum est, Vir excellentissime, ut cum in summo doctrinæ gradu locatus sis, ingenia adolescentium, quæ ad aliquam eruditionis laudem crescere & surgere vides, sovere ac adjuvare omni opera ac studio labores, nec juvenum conatus ad eruditionis tuæ modum exigas, aut acerbo & censorio judicio desperare incipientium animos cogas, sed studiorum commodum adjutorem & in omnibus amicissimum fautorem Te præbeas. His omnibus illud effecisti, ut totum vitæ tempus sine ulla contentione & lite traduxeris, & cum nullius ingenio aut dotibus obtractaveris, Tu vicissim ab omnibus, sicut communis quidam literatorum Parens, observeris ac diligaris. Faxit Deus Optimus Maximus, ut diu rei literariæ intersis, & non nisi consummatis præclaris doctrinæ & sapientiæ monumentis, serus in coelum abeas. Vale Vir Excellentissime. Trajecti Batavorum ipsis Idibus August. CICICXCVI. LECTO.
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DEDICATION. It is given by nature, most excellent Sir, that, since you are placed at the highest grade of learning, you should with all effort and zeal cherish and assist the talents of young men, which you see growing and rising toward some renown in scholarship, and not demand that the endeavors of the young be measured by your own standard of learning, nor by a harsh and censorious judgment force the spirits of beginners into despair; but rather show yourself a helper of studies and, in all things, their most friendly patron. By all these things you have brought it about that you have passed the whole time of your life without any contention or quarrel, and that, since you have offended no one’s talent or gifts, you in turn are respected and loved by all, as though you were a common Father of men of letters. May God Almighty grant that you may long remain among affairs of learning, and that only after you have completed glorious monuments of doctrine and wisdom may you depart late to heaven. Farewell, most excellent Sir. At Utrecht, on the very Ides of August, 1696. READER.
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LECTORI. S. A fere literarum est infelicitas, ut ex pluri- mis, in quibus conficiendis & adornandis Vi- ri docti ætatem consumserunt, ingenii & do- ctrinæ monumentis, pauca admodum, si im- maturo fato auctores abripiantur, ad posteros transmittantur. Quotus enim quisque un- quam fuit, qui cum pulcherrimis & erudi- tissimis scriptis rempublicam literariam adjuverit & ornaverit, omnibus, quæ in mundo habebat, absolutis, nullius amplius desiderium reliquerit? Testantur id omnia, quotquot hodie eruditorum virorum manibus teruntur, scripta. Quis unquam, ut de remotioris ævi viris doctis taceam, Scaligeri, Casaubo- ni, Salmasii, Heinsi aliorumque Heroum scripta evolvens, & incredibili ex tam immensis eruditionis & sapientiæ divitiis voluptate perfusus, non ingentem animo quoque dolorem ca- piat, cum tot adfectos, tot jam ad umbilicum pene perductos, tot orbi literato promissos labores, cum irreparabili literarum jactura intercidisse videat. Evenire autem plerumque videmus, ut Doctissimorum Virorum hæreditates ab indoctis & iniquis literarum æstimatoribus cernantur, qui pecuniæ & hæreditati inhiantes, quicquid in scriniis & literariis defunctorum literis consignatum offendunt, ut nihil res abjiciunt & lacerant, vel si ab aliis eas res aliquid esse audierint, eruditos ab iis repellunt, ut ipsi clausis thesauris incubent. Tuit tamen omnis ætas viros in indagandis his abstrusis & reconditis thesauris solertissimos, qui antiqua illa monumenta æternis tenebris damnata in lucem protraxerunt, & orbi literato exposuerunt, quos ego quidem non minori laude dignos esse existimo, quam qui a sui ingenii monumentis famam posteris commendarunt. Inter hos princi- pem sibi locum vindicat suo jure Vir Excellentissimus & Do- ctissimus Marquardus Gudius, Potentissimo Regi Daniæ olim a Consiliis, qui a puero egregia literis navata opera, adole- scentiam exemplo sapientissimorum virorum peregrinationibus impen-
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TO THE READER. S. The fate of letters is such, that from the many monuments of talent and learning, in the composition and adornment of which learned men have spent their lives, very few are transmitted to posterity, if an untimely death snatches away their authors. For who ever was there, that, having aided and embellished the republic of letters with the most beautiful and most learned writings, and having brought to completion all that he had in the world, left behind no further desire? This is testified by all the writings of learned men that are handled today. Who, I ask—passing over the learned men of a more remote age—ever turns over the writings of Scaliger, Casaubon, Salmasius, Heinsius, and other heroes, and, filled with incredible delight from such immense riches of learning and wisdom, does not also feel a great sorrow in his soul, when he sees so many works interrupted, so many nearly brought to the end, so many promised to the literary world, cut off amid an irreparable loss of letters. And we commonly see it happen that the estates of most learned men are beheld by ignorant and unjust appraisers of letters, who, eagerly craving money and inheritance, throw away and tear to pieces as worthless whatever they find in the deceased's chests and papers marked with literary notes; or, if they have heard from others that those things are of some value, they keep learned men away from them, so that they themselves may brood over the treasures behind locked doors. Yet every age has had men most skillful in the search for these hidden and concealed treasures, who drew forth into the light those ancient monuments, condemned to eternal darkness, and exposed them to the learned world; men whom I indeed consider no less worthy of praise than those who have entrusted their fame to the monuments of their own genius. Among these, by right, the most distinguished and most learned man Marquard Gudius claims for himself the foremost place, once a counselor to the most powerful King of Denmark, who from boyhood gave outstanding service to letters, and in his youth, following the example of the wisest men, undertook travels ...
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PRÆFATIO. impendit, & mira sagacitate & solertia per celeberrimas Europæ regiones, cum tineis & blattis luctantia Clarissimorum Viorum scripta indagavit, & creptum iniquis & imperitis possessoribus thesaurum sibi vindicavit, & ad supellectilem suam ornandam & instruendam ad lares suos devexit. Tantam certe vim & copiam Codicum manuscriptorum, librorum veterum & rariorum, monumentorum denique antiquitate sua venerandorum, per Belgium, Galliam, Italian & Germaniam conquisivit, ut dubitem num instructior libraria supellex intra privatos parietes usquam conspiciatur. Ex peregrinationibus redux sperabat Gudius, se otium suum in his recensendis, & cum orbe literato communicandis consumpturum. Sed cum in patriam appulisset, & se ad eas artes referre vellet, quibus a primis temporibus studium suum dederat, curæ statim publicæ rei, primum in Serenissimi Ducis Holsatiæ aula, dein ab Augusto Daniae & Norvegiæ Rege fuit admotus, quæ optimum ejus vitæ tempus literis eripuit, & spem, quam omnes, qui ejus ingenium & doctrinam admirabantur, maximam de illo conceperant, non passa est explere. Quantis non expostulationibus, imo convitiis, Viri per totum Orbem doctrina florentes contenderunt, ne suavissimum fabellarum scriptorem Phædrum, quem ad antiquos Codices recensuerat, & doctissimo commentario illustraverat, diutius premeret, sed ingenti omnium desiderio eum in lucem emittendo satisfaceret. Sed cum horum, tum ipsius votis, usque ad extremum vitæ spiritum adeo obstitere ardua, quibus semper distentus fuit Gudius, negotia, ut pene rempublicam literariam insigni doctrinæ suæ fructu fraudasset. Neque dubium erat, quin tot labores in auctorem illum suscepti periissent, nisi bono fato una cum his epistolis ad nos pervenissent, nosque ingentem molestiam, quam in colligendis scedis laceris, & a blattis & tineis pene consumptis habuimus, devorassemus. Longo vero doctorum virorum desiderio brevi, ut spero, satisfiet. Magnam etiam expectationem commove- rant plurimæ & insignes virorum doctorum Epistolæ, quas omnes angulos perreptando ingenti numero collegerat, & sæpe amicis spem eas publico committendi fecerat. Maximo enim in pretio ab omni ævo hæc doctorum virorum mo- du-
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FOREWORD. He expended, and with marvelous sagacity and skill, through the most celebrated regions of Europe, he खोजed out the writings of the most distinguished men, struggling with moths and cockroaches, and reclaimed for himself a treasure stolen by unjust and ignorant possessors, and brought it home to adorn and furnish his own collection. Indeed, across Belgium, France, Italy, and Germany he gathered such a vast abundance of manuscript codices, ancient and rare books, and finally monuments venerable for their antiquity, that I wonder whether a more richly supplied library is ever seen within private walls. Returning from his travels, Gudius hoped to spend his leisure in examining these and communicating them to the learned world. But when he had arrived in his homeland, and wished to turn himself to those studies to which he had devoted himself from his earliest years, he was immediately drawn into the cares of public business, first at the court of the Most Serene Duke of Holstein, then by the August King of Denmark and Norway; this robbed literature of the best time of his life, and did not allow the hope, which all who admired his talent and learning had conceived of him, to be fulfilled. With how many remonstrances, indeed reproaches, did men flourishing in learning throughout the whole world urge that he should no longer keep down the most delightful writer of fables, Phaedrus, whom he had edited from ancient codices and illustrated with a most learned commentary, but should satisfy the great desire of all by bringing him forth into the light. Both to these men’s wishes and to his own, hard affairs, with which Gudius was always burdened, opposed themselves until the very last breath of his life, so that he would almost have defrauded the republic of letters of the distinguished fruit of his learning. Nor was there any doubt that so much labor undertaken on behalf of that author would have perished, had they not, by good fortune, reached us together with these letters, and had we not endured the immense trouble of collecting torn scraps, almost consumed by cockroaches and moths. But the long-standing desire of learned men will, as I hope, soon be satisfied. Great expectation was also excited by the many and notable Epistles of learned men, which he had collected in great number by rummaging through every corner, and had often given friends hope of committing them to the public. For from all ages these letters of learned men have been held in the highest esteem, mo- du-
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P RÆ F A T I O. numenta habita fuere, vel quod ex his rectius hominum ingenia, & quid vere sentiant de rebus plerisque, quam ex historiis & annalibus & aliis ingenii lucubrationibus, quibus & suæ & aliorum famæ magis serviunt, quam vero, perspiciatur; vel quod in his egregia doctrinæ & ingenii indicia deprehendantur; vel denique quod styli nitore, & dictionis elegantia & gravitate lectores teneant & demulceant. Summa itaque diligentia semper post fata hominum, aliqua ingenii vel doctrinæ laude florentium, epistolæ conquisitæ fuere, & cum orbe literato communicatæ, & incredibili studio exceptæ fuere, neque doctissimi & in literis Principes Viri laborem eas recensendi & edendi detrectarunt. Statuerat jam Clarissimus Vir Ioannes Georgius Grævius, qui plurimis ac egregiis cum sui ingenii & immensæ doctrinæ laboribus editis, tum aliorum doctorum virorum lucubrationibus ab interitu vindicatis, literarum Principatum jure suo possidet, ex quo ipsi copia hujus thesauri facta fuerat, operam suam ipse illi impendere, & memoriam Gudii, quo, cum in vivis esset, familiariter admodum usus fuerat, quasi consecrare, sed cum tot negotiis & laboribus, quibus in re literaria promovenda quotidie pene obruitur, impediretur, quo minus ex voto harum curationi vacare posset, mihi provinciam eam imposuit, quam suscepi libenter; tum ut otium, quo assuebam, fallerem, tum ut in versandis doctorum virorum scriptis aliqua eruditionis mihi accessio fieret. Neque non sperabam magnam me a viris doctis gratiam initurum, si has literarias opes tam diu sepultas ex tenebris eruerem. Nihil vero formidabam fastidium hujus fæculi, quod jam Gravissimorum Virorum monumentis neglectis, nugis & luxurantium & otiosorum hominum portentosis commentis otium suum oblectare solet. Plurimi enim hodie leviter literis aspersi, nec in scriptis doctorum omnis ævi virorum exercitati, pleraque his literis comprehensa, ut levia neque lectu digna judicant, quæ Viri interioribus literis penitus imbuti summo studio legunt & laudant. Nos vero, si ea quæ edimus doctissimo cuique probata fuerint, facile patimur alios male de hoc nostro labore sentire, famamque ingenii abjicimus, dummodo industriæ & studii bonas literas pro virili juvandi ratio nobis & aliis constet. Nunc pauca quædam ** de
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P R Æ F A T I O. Accounts have been made of letters, either because from them men’s minds, and what they truly think about most things, may be seen more rightly than from histories and annals and other productions of ingenuity, by which they serve more their own and others’ fame than truth; or because in them outstanding signs of learning and talent are discerned; or finally because by the polish of style, and the elegance and dignity of diction, they hold readers and delight them. For this reason, after the death of men who had flourished in some renown of talent or learning, letters have always been sought out with the greatest diligence, and communicated to the learned world, and received with incredible eagerness; nor have the most learned men and leaders in letters refused the labor of reviewing and publishing them. The most illustrious man Johannes Georgius Grævius, who by his many and outstanding labors, both in publishing the works of his own extraordinary talent and immense learning and in rescuing from destruction the writings of other learned men, rightly possesses the leadership of letters, had already resolved, since a share of this treasure had been made available to him, to devote his own efforts to it, and, as it were, to consecrate the memory of Gudius, whom, while he was alive, he had used as a very close friend; but since he was hindered by so many duties and labors, by which he is almost daily overwhelmed in promoting learning, from being able, as he wished, to devote himself to the care of these letters, he laid that task upon me, which I gladly undertook, both that I might pass the leisure to which I was accustomed, and that in handling the writings of learned men some increase of learning might come to me. Nor did I not hope that I would greatly earn the gratitude of learned men, if I should bring out of darkness these literary riches so long buried. Indeed, I had nothing to fear from the fastidiousness of this age, which, now neglecting the monuments of the most grave men, is accustomed to amuse its leisure with trifles and monstrous fictions of luxurious and idle men. For today very many, lightly sprinkled with letters and not trained in the writings of learned men of every age, judge most things contained in these letters to be trifling and not worthy of reading, though men thoroughly imbued with deeper learning read and praise them with the greatest zeal. But if those things which we publish should be approved by anyone at all most learned, we easily allow others to think ill of this our labor, and we cast aside the fame of talent, provided only that the reason and duty of aiding good letters as far as lies in us, and in others, may stand firm. Now a few things of
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P RÆ F A T I O. de ratione & consilio, quod in his epistolis recensendis secuti sumus, exponemus. Præmisimus ipsius Gudii ad Viros, qui- buscum ipsi amicitia & usus intercessit, Epistolas, quibus sub- junximus, quas ejus amici ad illum dederunt. Paucæ numero ad nos transmissæ fuere Epistolæ, neque nobis licuit esse tam beatis, ut a Viris, quibus cum Gudio literarum commercium olim suis suspicabamur, alias obtineremus, præter unam ad Ægidium Menagium exaratam, quam V. CL. Hervæus Pe- trus Simon de Valhebert, Illustrissimo Bignonio Abbati S. Quintini a studiis & Bibliotheca, nuper cum Clarissimo Grævio peramanter communicavit ex penu Menagiana. Valheberto enim legavit quicquid manuscriptorum librorum reliquit Me- nagius Vir summus. Hæ literæ cum ad nos pervenerint, cum jam Gudianæ essent typis mandatæ, coacti fuimus eas subjicere procemio ad lectorem, ne iis, cum plenæ sint varia doctrina, ca- reamus, quamvis pleraque Menagius olim excerpserit & obser- vationibus in Diogenem Læertium inseruerit. Excipiunt Gu- dianas aliquot Italorum, qui superiore sæculo vixerunt, Episto- læ, quod fuit illud tempus, quo literæ ex densissimis ignorantiæ tenebris caput exerere coeperant, & eloquentiæ studium summa contentione ab omnibus, quascunque doctrinas sectarentur, co- lebatur. Nemo ea ætate majoribus disciplinis animum applica- bat, qui non prius severa lege in hac cultiore literatura profece- rat, & animum rudem eloquentiæ præceptis poliverat. Diver- sa erat eorum hominum ratio a nostra, ubi pueri, neglecto omni literarum & humanitatis studio, statim ad graviora studia convo- lant. Itaque si quis ejus temporis scripta legerit, non minorem voluptatem ex dictionis munditiæ, quam fructum ex argumenti dignitate percipiet, cum hodie egregium habeatur barbaro ser- mone sanctissimas artes contaminare, nihilque tamin vitio po- natur, quam si quis vel veneranda sanctæ disciplinæ mysteria, vel abstrusa naturalis scientiæ arcana polito & culto sermone il- lustret & commendet. Aliter primis illis bonarum artium in- stauratoribus placuit, qui ad omnes artes & disciplinas animum ingenius affibus & Græcæ Latinæque linguæ scientia non vulga- ri, sed exquisita perpolitum adferre, & id quod sentirent ornate eloqui, & de maximis quæstionibus copiose posse dicere sum- mam
Transcription: Translated (English)
P RÆ F A T I O. We shall explain the method and plan we have followed in editing these letters. We have placed first the letters of Gudius himself to those men with whom he had dealings and friendship; to these we have added those which his friends addressed to him. Only a few letters were transmitted to us, and we could not be so fortunate as to obtain others from those men with whom, as we suspected, there had once been a correspondence of letters with Gudius, except for one written to Ægidius Menagius, which the very learned Hervæus Petrus Simon de Valhebert, librarian and scholar to the Most Illustrious Bignon, Abbot of St. Quentin, recently most kindly communicated to the distinguished Grævius from the Menagian collection. For Menagius had bequeathed to Valhebert whatever manuscript books the great man left behind. Since these letters reached us only when the Gudian ones had already been sent to press, we were compelled to add them in a preface to the reader, lest we be deprived of them, since they are full of varied learning, although Menagius had long ago excerpted most of them and inserted them in his notes on Diogenes Laertius. Following the Gudian letters come several letters of Italians who lived in the previous century, for that was the time when learning began to raise its head from the densest darkness of ignorance, and the pursuit of eloquence was cultivated with the greatest zeal by everyone, whatever branch of learning they followed. In that age no one devoted himself to higher studies who had not first advanced under the strict law of this more polished literature, and refined his untutored mind by the precepts of eloquence. Their way of thinking was different from ours, where boys, with every study of letters and culture neglected, at once rush on to more serious studies. Therefore, if anyone reads the writings of that time, he will derive no less pleasure from the purity of the diction than benefit from the dignity of the subject; whereas today it is considered excellent to corrupt the most sacred arts with barbarous language, and nothing is deemed more a fault than if anyone illuminates and commends either the venerable mysteries of holy learning or the hidden secrets of natural science in a polished and cultivated style. The first restorers of the liberal arts thought otherwise: to all arts and disciplines they wished one to bring a mind polished by diligence and by uncommon knowledge of the Greek and Latin languages, not in a commonplace but in a refined way, and to express gracefully what one felt, and to be able to speak at length on the greatest questions.
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P RÆ F A T I O. mam laudem putabant. Nam ut verissime Eloquentiæ simul &c Sapientiæ Pares Cicero inquit, mandare literis cogitationes suas, qui eas nec disponere nec illustrare possit, nec delectatione aliqua alli- cere lectorem, hominis est intemperanter abutentis & otio & literis. Itaque ipsi suos libros legunt cum suis, nec quisquam attingit præter eos, qui eandem licentiam scribendi sibi permitti volunt. In fola tum temporis Italia vigebat sapientiæ studium & nitor eloquentiæ Latinæ, innumerosque ea ætas Viros tulit, qui famam suam his artibus ad posteros extenderunt. Deplorandum vero est, tot ejus sæculi illustrium virorum, & qui in doctorum virorum monumentis maxima eruditionis fama commendantur, memoriam, imo nomina pene intercidisse: quæ hac nostra ætate plurimi bene de republica meriti viri renovarunt, & eorum scripta, quæ ex manibus hominum excussa jacebant, reduxerunt. Sic Sannazarii Musa, sic Aonii Palearii eloquentia a morte in vitam reducta, & nomina ipsa, quæ oblivione & longa nocte urge- bantur, in hominum memoriam revocata. Debebunt & nobis aliquid, imo Gudio, Manes præclarorum virorum, Alciati, Majoragii, Bonamici, Amasæi, Cicerei, Camutii, Corradi, Me- rulæ, Minturni, Nizolii, Parrhasii, Thomæ Phaedri, Theocre- ni & aliorum, quos ista felix ætas aspexit, quod his Epistolis eorum memoriam renovatam viderint. Quotusquisque enim horum, non dicam scripta & in literas merita, nomina unquam fando audivit; quare non inutilem operam me navaturum putem, si breviter quædam de his clarissimis olim viris delibavero. De Alciato, Majoragio, Nizolio, Parrhasio, aliisque qui plurimis scriptis & doctrinæ monumentis longæ oblivionis nebulas perruperunt, & perpetua doctorum virorum commendatione mentibus studiosorum insederunt, dicere nil attinet, cum eorum nomina satis ab interitu vindicata sint. Quis vero nisi interioribus Musarum deliciis perfusus, & in superioris ævi scriptis exercitatus, novit Lazarum Bonamicum, qui eloquentiam olim Patavii docuit, virum insigniter eruditum & communem quondam Italiæ præceptorem, e cujus ludo meri heroës prodiere, & prosa & versu bonum, summaque observantia a præcipuis Italiæ viris cultum & dilectum. Testantur id plurimæ Bembi & Sadoleti, Latinæ linguæ decorum & ornamentorum, Epistolæ, quibus ** 2 illius
Transcription: Translated (English)
PREFACE. They thought that they were praising themselves. For, as Cicero says most truly, “It is the part of a man who abuses both leisure and letters without restraint to commit his thoughts to writing, when he can neither arrange nor illuminate them, nor entice the reader by any pleasure.” Therefore, they themselves read their own books, together with their own circle, and no one else touches them except those who wish the same license of writing to be permitted to themselves. At that time Italy flourished in the study of wisdom and the refinement of Latin eloquence, and that age produced countless men who extended their fame to posterity through these arts. It is indeed a matter for lament that the memory, indeed almost the very names, of so many illustrious men of that century, and those who are commended in the monuments of learned men for the highest reputation for learning, have almost perished; but in our own age many men deserving well of the republic have renewed them and brought back their writings, which had been knocked from men’s hands and lay neglected. Thus the Muse of Sannazaro, thus the eloquence of Aonius Palearius, have been brought back from death to life, and the very names, which were oppressed by forgetfulness and a long night, have been recalled to the memory of men. The spirits of illustrious men will owe something also to us, indeed to Gudio, namely those of Alciatus, Majoragius, Bonamicus, Amasaeus, Cicerius, Camutius, Corradus, Merula, Minturnus, Nizolius, Parrhasius, Thomas Phaedrus, Theocrenus, and others whom that happy age saw, if they behold their memory renewed in these Letters. For how many of these, I do not say their writings and their services to letters, but even their names, has anyone ever heard mentioned? Therefore I think I shall not be doing useless work if I briefly gather a few things about these men, once so famous. As for Alciatus, Majoragius, Nizolius, Parrhasius, and others who broke through the mists of long oblivion by means of many writings and monuments of learning, and settled themselves in the minds of students by the constant praise of learned men, there is no need to speak, since their names have been sufficiently rescued from destruction. But who, unless imbued with the more intimate delights of the Muses and trained in the writings of the earlier age, knows Lazarus Bonamicus, who once taught eloquence at Padua, a remarkably learned man and once the common teacher of Italy, from whose school true heroes emerged, and who was cultivated and beloved both in prose and verse, with the highest respect, by the leading men of Italy? This is borne witness to by the many Letters of Bembo and Sadoleto, ornaments and adornments of the Latin language, by which the excellence of that man...
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PRÆFATIO. illius eruditionem celebrant, & tanquam ad parentem de studiis fuis referunt, & consilium ejus expetunt. Romulus vero Ama- sæus (ad quem Bonamici Epistolam, de quodam Basilio me- moranda quædam narrantem, sed de quibus nobis non constat, hic exhibemus) nihil illo inferior, Bononiæ literas summa cum laude quondam docuit, Vir magni nominis & æstimationis, ut ex eorundem Bembi & Sadoleti literis perspicitur. Hic multum de Pausania, quem totum, & Xenophonte, cujus libros septem de expeditione Cyri Minoris Latine vertit, meruit. De Andrea Camutio medico insigni, parum nobis constat, nisi quod scri- ptorum ab eo editorum memoriam nobis servaverit Gesnerus in Bibliotheca, & Lindanus in libro de scriptis medicorum. Anto- nus Minturnus Poetices studiosissimus, præclaram sibi famam peperit doctissimo libro de Poeta conscripto, quem sæpissime Vossius, tum in Poeticis, tum in Oratoriis institutionibus lau- dat, & Rapinus in libro de Ecloga insigni elogio ornat. Neque omnino ejus famam apud nostros, qui poesim attingunt, evilu- isse, indicio esse potest præstantissimus Tragoediarum scriptor, apud Gallos celebratissimus Cornellius, qui de Tragoedia dispu- tans ejus honorifice meminit. Benedicti Theocreni celeberrima quoque iis temporibus fuere carmina, quæ Parisiis olim edita fuisse Gesnerus in Bibliotheca prodidit. In primis autem clarum erat ea tempestate nomen Thoma Phædri, quem Pierius Vale- rianus in elegantissimo libello de literatorum infelicitate, quo & hujus miser & infelix obitus narratur, vocat affluentissimum eloquentiæ flumen, & quo non alius eo tempore orando clarior neque vehementior fuit, Romanæ cathedræ decus & ornamentum. Quem etiam Erasmus, cum in Italia versaretur, facundia extemporali in- comparabiliter eloquentem, & ludis & comædiis recensendis priscam antiquitatem repræsentantem vidit, ut de eo scribit Beatus Rhena- nus in Epistola præfixa Erasmi operibus. Quis non tantorum & tam celebrium virorum, & quorum tam rara memoria est, monu- menta in lucem protracta exosculetur, & in beatum illud sæculum se translatum, cum illa legat, non gaudeat. Nobis certe horum virorum memoriam refricantibus mirifica quadam voluptate animus perfunditur. Longum esset, si omnium harum epistola- rum utilitatem & præstantiam lectori commendare, & de singulis quæ
Transcription: Translated (English)
PRÆFATIO. they celebrate his learning, and, as if to a father in matters of study, they refer their studies to him and seek his counsel. Romulus however Ama- sæus (concerning whom we here present Bonamici's letter, telling certain things about a certain Basilius, though about which we have no certainty) was no less than he, and once taught letters at Bologna with the highest praise, a man of great name and esteem, as is evident from the letters of Bembus and Sadoletus. He deserved much from Pausanias, whom he translated in full, and from Xenophon, whose seven books On the Expedition of Cyrus the Younger he rendered into Latin. Concerning Andrea Camutius, an outstanding physician, little is known to us, except that Gesnerus preserved for us in his Bibliotheca the memory of the writings published by him, and Lindanus in the book On the Writings of Physicians. Anto- nus Minturnus, most devoted to poetry, won for himself a distinguished reputation by the very learned book written On the Poet, which Vossius very often, both in his Poetics and in his Institutions of Oratory, praises, and Rapinus in the book On the Eclogue adorns with a notable commendation. Nor has his reputation altogether faded among our own writers who devote themselves to poetry, as may be shown by the most distinguished writer of tragedies, the most celebrated among the French, Cornelius, who, when discussing tragedy, honorifically mentions him. Benedict Theocrenus' poems were also most celebrated in those times, which Gesnerus reported in his Bibliotheca had once been published at Paris. Above all the name of Thomas Phædrus was then illustrious, whom Pierius Valerianus in his most elegant little book On the Misfortune of Men of Letters, in which both his wretched and unhappy death is narrated, calls a most abundant river of eloquence, and one than whom no other in that age was more distinguished in speaking or more impassioned, the glory and ornament of the Roman chair. Him Erasmus also, when he was in Italy, saw as incomparably eloquent in extemporaneous speech, and as representing ancient antiquity in revising plays and comedies, as Beatus Rhenanus writes of him in the letter prefixed to Erasmus' works. Who would not kiss the monuments brought to light of so many and so celebrated men, and of whom memory is so rare, and, reading them, not rejoice that he has been transferred to that blessed age? For our part, certainly, while we refresh the memory of these men, the mind is flooded with a marvelous kind of delight. It would be long if I were to recommend to the reader the usefulness and excellence of all these epistles, and about each one what
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P RÆ F A T I O. quæ illis comprehenduntur verba facere vellemus. Unum, quod notari meretur prætermittere non possumus, Matthiam illum Minoritam, ad quem Alciatus orationem se scripsisse Epistola III. Calvo scribit, & de qua valde sollicitus, ne in vulgus exeat, vehementer cum Calvo expostulat, eam in Erasmi manus & Frobenii devenisse, eundem illum fuisse videri, ac Bernardum illum Mattium ad quem Alciati Epistolam, qua eum a vita monastica revocare studebat, nuper publici juris fecit Vir Clarissimus Antonius Matthæus, Antecessor Lugduno Batavus. Nam & eam orationem Epistolam vocat Epistola VI. & argumentum idem ex sollicitudine & animi commotione, quam in Epistola V. ostendit Alciatus, fuisse evincitur. Nominis diversitas ab exscriptoribus manare potuit: nam non videtur ex autographo Cl. Matthæus eam Epistolam edidisse, in nostrarum autem Epistolarum autographis, ex quibus hæ expressæ sunt, Matthiam exstare liquido affirmare possum. Postquam vero ab Italis ad alias gentes literarum studium derivatum est, vehementius per totam Europam bonæ artes & disciplinæ coli & celebrari coepere, & reliquæ præter Italiam terræ viros produxere in omni studiorum genere celeberrimos, quos jure Italiæ opponerent. Horum pluri- mae Epistolæ dictionis venustate, & rerum pondere & doctrinæ præstantia insignes subjiciuntur, quorum auctores, cum plerique recentiores, neque tam longe a memoria nostra remoti, notiores sunt, quam ut de singulis verba facientes, lectorem longa præfatione enecemus, de iis silere quam pauca dicere, consultius judicamus. Unum est quod præterire non possumus, ne quis in his edendis aut diligentiam nostram desideret aut fidem culpet. Omnes hæ, quas edimus, literæ ex Gudiana Bibliotheca ad nos pervenere, neque ulla, quas non publici juris fecimus, reservavimus, nisi quod paucas quasdam, quæ vel ab hominibus non admodum celebribus conscriptæ essent, vel quod neque elegantia sermonis, nec dignitate materiæ commendari mererentur, omiserimus, in quo non tam nostrum, quam Clarissimi Grævii judicium secuti sumus; quas vero typis commisimus, an jam ante cura doctorum virorum vulgatæ fuerint diligenter, quantum potuimus, indagavimus, & libros omnes, quorum copia nobis suppetit, excussimus. Si tamen aliquid, ut ** 3 forte
Transcription: Translated (English)
Preface. We would like to explain the words contained in these texts. One thing, which deserves to be noted, we cannot omit: that Matthias, the Minorite, to whom Alciatus says in Epistle III that he had written an address, and about which he is very anxious, fearing lest it should come into the public, he vehemently complains to Calvus, appears to have been the same man as Bernardus Mattius, to whom the same Alciatus’s Epistle, in which he was trying to recall him from monastic life, has lately been made public by the most distinguished man Antonius Matthaeus, professor at Leiden. For he also calls that address an Epistle in Epistle VI, and the same subject is proved by the concern and agitation of mind which Alciatus shows in Epistle V. The difference in the name may have arisen from copyists; for it does not seem that M. Matthaeus published that Epistle from the autograph, and in the autographs of our Epistles, from which these have been transcribed, I can clearly affirm that Matthias stands there. But after the study of literature had spread from the Italians to other nations, good arts and learning began to be cultivated and celebrated more vigorously throughout all Europe, and the remaining lands besides Italy produced men famous in every field of study, whom the Italians could rightly set against their own. Most of these letters are included, distinguished by the charm of their style, the weight of their subject matter, and the excellence of their learning; and since their authors are for the most part more recent, and not so far removed from our memory, they are better known than that, by speaking about each one individually, we should wear the reader out with a long preface; on them we think it more prudent to be silent than to say little. There is one thing we cannot omit, lest anyone should find fault with us in publishing these letters either for lack of diligence or for lack of good faith. All these letters which we publish have come to us from the Gudian Library, and none of those which we have not made public have been withheld by us, except that we have omitted a few, either because they had been written by persons of not much reputation, or because they did not deserve commendation either for elegance of language or for the dignity of the subject matter; in this we have followed not so much our own judgment as that of the very distinguished Grævius. As for those which we have entrusted to print, we have investigated, as carefully as we could, whether they had already been published by the efforts of learned men, and we have examined all the books at our disposal. If however anything, as perhaps
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P RÆ F A T I O. forte erit, diligentiam nostram effugerit, veniam a lectore pe- timus. Magnus vero nobis incessit scrupulus, ex quo Cl. Mor- hosii Polyhistorem consuluimus, qui libro 1. cap. 25. a Gudio quondam multis partibus plures Epistolas collectas & asservatas esse narrat. Recenset ille integras Erasmianarum, Casauboniana- rum, Caselianarum, Wouwerianarum & imprimis Lipsianarum centurias, quarum tamen hic paucæ exhibentur. Ne quis ve- ro fidem nostram suspectam habeat, sancte affirmare possumus, ea religione istorum virorum, quos modo memoravimus, Epi- stolas edidisse, ut ne unicam quidem suppresserimus. Quod si adhuc in scriniis & Bibliotheca M. Gudii tam pretiosæ gazæ as- servantur, nescio an major voluptas ex his editis, au vero dolor ex tot, quibus carere cogimur, oboriatur. Spes tamen est, & illas tandem claustra, quibus coercentur, perrupturas, & hæ- redes Gudianos, & Viros eximios, quibus rerum Gudianarum cura commissa est, eas cum orbe erudito communicaturos. No- bis interim de his tabulis ex ingenti naufragio servatis gratu- lamur. His doctorum Epistolis paucas quasdam, appendicis vice, adjecimus, quas nobiscum communicarunt viri Humanis- simi & mihi cognatione & affinitate conjunctissimi, D. Anto- nius de Vivien, JCrus, & Hermannus vande Walle sacrarum literarum studiosus. Quorum hic feliciter quædam scripta, in Scipionis Gentilis supellectile libraria quondam asservata, & plurimas ejusdem lucubrationes invenit apud homines, qui ea- rum nullam rationem habebant, jam jamque dilacerare consti- tuerant. Ille vero inter Epistolas quas plurimas, alia negotia quam res literarias spectantes, possidet, has Ferdinandi, Erasmi, Ioannis Secundi, & Nicolai ejus Fratis repertas mecum, cum huic operi me incumbere intellexerat, publici juris faciendas communicavit. His prælo absolutis statueram librum hunc e carceribus emittere, nisi impetum retinuissent Sarravianæ Epi- stolæ. Editæ sunt in Gallia ante annos quadraginta, & quod ex- currit, Epistolæ Claudii Sarravii Senatoris Parisiensis, Viri insigniter docti & maximi Eruditorum Mæcenatis, qui ab omni- bus ejus temporis doctis viris observabatur. Testantur hoc tot ejus nomini inscripti libri, tot ad eum doctissimorum virorum Epistolæ & carmina. Cum omnibus, quibus vel minima erat erudi-
Transcription: Translated (English)
P RÆ F A T I O. if something has escaped our diligence, we ask the reader’s pardon. Yet a great scruple came upon us, since we consulted the Polyhistor of Cl. Morhosius, who in book 1, chap. 25, relates that by Gudius there had once been collected and preserved many more letters by far. There he enumerates complete hundreds of Erasmian, Casaubonian, Caselian, Wouwerian, and especially Lipsian letters, of which, however, only a few are here presented. Lest anyone should suspect our good faith, we can solemnly affirm that we published the letters of those men whom we have just named with such scrupulous care that we suppressed not even a single one. If still in the cabinets and library of M. Gudius such a precious hoard is preserved, I know not whether greater pleasure may arise from these published letters, or rather grief from the many which we are forced to miss. Yet there is hope that even those at last will break through the barriers by which they are held back, and that the Gudian heirs, and the distinguished men to whom the care of the Gudian affairs has been entrusted, will communicate them to the learned world. In the meantime we congratulate ourselves on these documents preserved from so great a shipwreck. To these letters of the learned we have added a few others as an appendix, which very humane men, and most intimately connected with me by kinship and affinity, D. Antonius de Vivien, J.Cr., and Hermannus vande Walle, a student of sacred letters, communicated to us. The latter happily found certain writings, once kept in the book collection of Scipio Gentilis, and many works of the same author among people who paid no attention to them and had already resolved to tear them to pieces. That other man, among the many letters he possesses, many of them concerning other business than literary matters, communicated to me, for publication, the letters of Ferdinand, Erasmus, Johannes Secundus, and Nicolaus his brother, which he had found when he learned that I was engaged upon this work. When these things had been completed in print, I had resolved to send this book forth from prison, had not the Sarravian Letters checked the attempt. They were published in France forty years ago, and more, namely the letters of Claude Sarravius, Senator of Paris, a man extraordinarily learned and a great patron of the learned, who was esteemed by all the learned men of that time. This is testified by the many books inscribed to his name, the many letters and poems addressed to him by very learned men. Together with all those who had even the slightest degree of learnin-
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P RÆ F A T I O. eruditionis fama, consuetudo & familiaritas ipsi erat; imprimis amabat vehementer Magnum Salmasium, cum quo singulis pene hebdomadis literas commutabat, & de rebus literariis conferebat. Ejus Epistolæ post ejus obitum editæ, magno studio ab eruditis exceptæ, & avide direptæ fuerunt. Qui vero earum editionem procuravit, ejus Filius Isaacus Sarravius, plurima ex iis sustulit, quibus in offensionem hominum eo tempore viventium incurre- re verebatur. Cum Gudius vero Lutetiæ Parisiorum versaretur, opportunitatem nactus est ipsa Sarravii ad Salmasium Epistola- rum autographa inspiciendi, describendi, & lacunas, quæ in editis relictæ erant, supplendi. Epistolæ autem hæ Sarravianæ cum ra- rissime in Bibliopoliis repererentur, & insano pretio, si quando in publica sectione vænum irent, venderentur, consilium inii Sarravianas recudendi, & ex Gudii autographo insigni accessio- ne augendi, ita ut si quis has cum priore editione comparave- rit, tertia parte auctiores sit inventurus. Optassem & majori beneficio orbem literatum devincire, simul cum his Sarravia- nis Salmasii edendo; quas Amstelodami ex penu litera- ria Reverendi Viri Anslarii apud Virum Doctissi- mum Schalbruggium, Gymnasi Moderatorem asservari intel- lexeram. Sed cum isti labori jam se accinxerit doctissimus Schalbruggius, de illis exitio ereptis & brevi publico expo- nendis, harum rerum amatores seculos esse jubeo. De Ser- ravianis his, quas iterato edimus, nihil dicere attinet, cum jam ante typis editæ orbi satis innotuerint, quidve de iis sta- tuendum sit, dudum sit exploratum. Fuit certe Sarravius Vir egregie doctus, summus virorum eruditorum amator & cul- tor, & recta plerunque de eorum operibus & scriptis judicia fe- rebat. Nos tamen, cum has epistolas publici juris iterum fa- cimus, minime hanc invidiam subire volumus, ut quæcunque ille de doctis viris senserit & scripserit, probemus, neque ut iis quæ de controversiis, quæ eo tempore inter viros rei literariæ Principes, imo & summos rerum divinarum Antistites agitaban- tur, libere nimis effuderit, subscribamus. Hoc certe ex illis col- ligi potest, nimis illum addictum Salmasio, in ejus verba jurasse, ejusque hostes ac adversarios suos duxisse. Erat Salmasio inge- nium sublime ac pene divinum, doctrina immensa, & memo- ria,
Transcription: Translated (English)
The fame of his learning, acquaintance, and intimacy he enjoyed; above all he loved greatly the great Salmasius, with whom he exchanged letters almost every week and discussed literary matters. His Epistles, published after his death, were received with great eagerness by scholars and eagerly snatched up. But the one who arranged their publication, his son Isaac Sarravius, removed from them many passages in which he feared to incur the offense of men then living. When, however, Gudius was staying at Paris, he obtained the opportunity of examining, copying, and supplying the gaps left in the published text from the original autographs of Sarravius’s letters to Salmasius. But since these Sarravian Epistles were very rarely found in bookshops, and, if they ever went on sale at a public auction, were sold at an insane price, I resolved to reprint the Sarravian letters and to enlarge them with a notable addition from Gudius’s autograph, so that anyone comparing these with the earlier edition will find them enlarged by a third. I should also have wished to oblige the learned world still more by publishing, together with these Sarravian letters, those of Salmasius, which I had learned were being preserved at Amsterdam from the literary store of the Reverend Anslarius with the very learned Schalbruggius, rector of the gymnasium. But since the most learned Schalbruggius has already set himself to that task, and to saving them from destruction and soon putting them before the public, I bid the lovers of these matters wait. Of these Sarravian letters, which we are republishing, it is not worth saying anything, since, having already been published in print before, they have become sufficiently known to the world, and it has long been clear what judgment should be passed on them. Certainly Sarravius was a man of outstanding learning, the greatest admirer and cultivator of learned men, and he for the most part gave sound judgments on their works and writings. Yet we, in again making these letters public, by no means wish to incur the reproach of approving whatever he thought and wrote about learned men, nor to subscribe to what he too freely poured forth concerning the controversies then being carried on among the leading men of letters, indeed even among the highest prelates of divine matters. This much certainly can be gathered from them: he was too attached to Salmasius, had sworn to his words, and made his enemies and adversaries his own. Salmasius had a lofty and almost divine intellect, immense learning, and memory,
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P RÆ F A T I O. ria, qua cuncta ab omni ævo scripta complectebatur, ultra humanam sortem tenacissima; sed cum paucos sibi pares duceret, neminem vero superiorem ferret, contumeliose ac acerbe de omnibus ejus ævi viris sentiret & loqueretur, & similis Pani Theocriteo, cui Aci deuicea chola poti pioi na[n]d[n]tou, omnium famam laceraret, cum omnibus fere contentiones & lites exercebat. Imprimis vero odio plusquam Vatiniano Danielem Heinsium insecutus est, qui tamen omnium judicio eruditissimus, disertissimus & elegantissimi ingenii habebatur, cuique tam ligata quam pedibus soluta oratione scribendi laude, & quidem in utraque lingua, nemo tum ei par erat & secundus, ut Scaligero, Calaubono aliisque viris summis esset admirationi. Itaque non omnibus, quæ Sarravius de Heinsio literis prodidit, fides habenda est, ut qui, ut Salmasio ejus insensissimo adversario placerent quas scribebat Epistolæ, multa dixerit scripseritve, quæ a vero sunt alienissima. Cui enim, cui sanum sinciput est, persuaderi poterunt, quæ Epistol. XI. Sarravius Gronovio scribit, Heinsium existimationem suam fustibus vindicaturum, vel ut Salmasium ulciscatur, cogitasse de eo mactando, vel in fossas, cum solus deambularet, dejiciendo, ut Epistol. XXIII. ad eundem refert. Hæc erant somnia suspiciosi Salmasii, cujus aures semper inanibus rumoribus & incertis nuntiis patebant. Erat vero in Heinsio cum eximia eruditione conjuncta summa humanitas & morum venustas, & si a Salmasio in copia variæ diffusæque doctrinæ superabatur, eloquentia tamen & poetica facultate, immensum quantum illum præteribat, & quicquid edebat, cultius & limatius in publicum prodibat, quam quæ a Salmasio effundebantur. Non erimus hic longiores, ne Epistolæ modum, qui epistolas edimus, nos ipsi transgrediamur. Lectores, qui his deliciis capiuntur, tantum'rogamus, ut benevolo animo laborem nostrum excipiant, & si quæ graviora vitia vel ex autographorum descriptione, vel typothetarum & correctorum vitio & culpa irrepserint, emendent. Non potui ipse in omnibus eam diligentiam adhibere, quam oportuit, cum varia alio sæpe me negotia vocavetint. Vale & his fruere. ÆGI-
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P R E F A C E. ... an inquiry which embraced all things written throughout all ages, was tenacious beyond human measure; but since he counted few his equals, and admitted no one as his superior, he spoke and wrote contemptuously and bitterly of all the men of his age, and, like the Theocritean Pan, “Aci deuicea chola poti pioi na[n]d[n]tou,” he rent everyone’s reputation to pieces, engaging in disputes and quarrels with almost all. Above all, however, he pursued Daniel Heinsius with hatred more than Vatinian; yet Heinsius was regarded by the judgment of all as the most learned, the most eloquent, and of the most elegant intellect; and in both prose and verse, and in either language, no one was then his equal or second to him in the art of writing, so that he was an object of admiration to Scaliger, Casaubon, and other eminent men. Accordingly, not everything that Sarravius has published in writing about Heinsius is to be trusted, since, in order to please Salmasius, his most senseless adversary, he said and wrote many things far removed from the truth. For who, unless he has a sound mind, could be persuaded by what Sarravius writes to Gronovius in Epistle XI, namely that Heinsius would avenge his reputation with cudgels, or that, in order to take vengeance on Salmasius, he had thought of killing him, or of pushing him into ditches when he was walking alone, as he relates in Epistle XXIII to the same man? These were the dreams of suspicious Salmasius, whose ears were always open to empty rumors and uncertain reports. But in Heinsius there were joined to extraordinary learning the greatest humanity and grace of character; and if he was surpassed by Salmasius in the abundance of varied and wide-ranging learning, in eloquence nevertheless and poetic power he far excelled him, by an immense distance, and whatever he brought forth into print came out more polished and refined than what was poured out by Salmasius. We shall not dwell longer here, lest we ourselves exceed the bounds of an epistle, since we are publishing epistles. We ask only that readers who take delight in these things receive our labor with a kindly spirit, and that, if any more serious faults have crept in either from the transcription of the autograph copies or through the fault and negligence of the typesetters and correctors, they may amend them. I myself was not able in all things to apply that diligence which was required, since various other business often called me away. Farewell, and enjoy these writings. ÆGI-
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ÆGIDIO MENAGIO S. D. Marquardus Gudius. Dierum aliquot jacturam feci in molestioribus officiis. Tandem emergens ad me in memoriam redeo earum rerum, quæ inter nos nuperrime agebantur. Nunquam soleo deserere fidem promissionis meæ. Igitur quæ recepi utriusque nostri compendio, ut primum menti occurrunt, abique omni cura exequar περίτερον πεότερον. Plures πορεὶ τῶν αγαθὸν Πατωνι λήξαιν tractasse observo. Præter Timæum laudat Photius βοηδῶ λήξαιν Πατωνικῶν συναγωνη π[ro]p[ter] δοιχεῖον &c. Hanc dicit longe præstantiorem fuisse ipso opere Timæi. Locus illustris est unem: CLIV. CLV. Bibl: Harpocration Argivus, Platonicus Philosophus, Cæsaris convictor, præter amplissimos in Platonem commentarios, verborum Platonicorum libros duos conscripsit. Auctor est Suidas. Huc referri debent, qui unius tantum artis aut scientiæ vocabula in Platone explicarunt. Clearchus πι ἐν τῇ Πατωνον πολυτεία μαγνητικῶν ειγνημα enodavit. Theodori Solensis librum de Mathematice dictis in Platone citat Plutarchus libello de anima procrastatione, & libello de oraculorum defectu. Philippus Mendæus omnia loca Mathematica, quæ in operibus Platonis præceptoris sui observaverat, singulatim excerpsit &c exposuit. Theon Smyrnæus peculiari libro tractavit, quæ Mathematica ad Platonis lectionem utilia sint. Galenus ea quæ in Timæo Platonis ἐπικομή ληστημα explicavit. Meminit lib. VIII. de Scitis Hippocratis & Platonis [etc. ]XII. Ita ipse Plutarchus vocabula quædam Platonica singulari tractatione illustraverat. περὶ ἡ γερινεῖα π[ro]p[ter] Πατωνι πινδων. ὑπερ ἡ Πατωνον Θαμηνον, πι πατι Πατωνα πιλον &c. Docemur ex Lampriz catalogo. Laërtius quatuor tantum recenset Platoni Philosopho : fuere autem plures. Sextus ergo Plato est, νομος ἰδιομεν Gerasenus. Stephanus ὑδε μα γιεται: septimus Plato Sardanus Epicureus. Cicero. epist. ad Quinct. Fratr. Octavus Plato Lycaonis filius Apollod. lib. 3. Biblioth. Nonus in inscriptione veteri apud Gruterum. M ELPIDIUS. PAMPHILUS. PLATONI TATAE SUO BENE MERENTI FECIT. Hi potissimum in Historia occurrunt, qui diligentius observari mereantur. Notavi aliquando adhuc alios recentioris xvi magno studio, sed profecto συμμεθέων: nam longe aliter hodie sentio, & barbarorum istiusmodi hominum nomina tanti non facio. Sed quis non displicere tibi opellam meam affirmabas, pertexamus ordine. Decimus est Plato martyr sub Maximiano. Notus ex Martyrologiis. Undecimus Plato Urbi Præfectus, quem victor Tunnunensis Chronico sub Consulatu Probi, qui fuit Anno Chr. IXII, Anastasi Imperatoris XIII, memorat. Duodecimus Plato Pater Ioannis VII. Pontificis maximi Natione Græci. Platina Vita Ioannnis VII. Onu-
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ÆGIDIO MENAGIO S. D. Marquardus Gudius. For a few days I have had a loss of time in troublesome duties. At last, coming forth, I return in memory to the matters which were recently being discussed between us. I never usually abandon the faith of my promise. Therefore I shall carry out, for the benefit of both of us, what I have undertaken, as soon as it comes to mind, and that with every care, more fully and more accurately. I observe that several have treated the matter of the good things of Plato. Besides Timaeus, Photius praises a work on Plato’s dialogues, written for a particular purpose, and says that it was far superior to Timaeus’s own work. A notable passage is one at CLIV, CLV. Bibl.: Harpocration of Argos, a Platonic philosopher and companion of Caesar, besides very extensive commentaries on Plato, wrote two books on Platonic words. This is stated by Suidas. Here should be included those who explained in Plato only the vocabulary of one art or science. Clearchus elucidated certain matters in Plato’s Republic concerning magnetism. Plutarch cites Theodorus of Soli’s book on mathematical sayings in Plato in the little book On the Delay of the Soul and in the little book On the Defect of Oracles. Philip of Menda excerpted and explained separately all the mathematical passages which he had observed in the works of Plato his teacher. Theon of Smyrna treated in a special book what mathematical matters are useful for reading Plato. Galen explained those things in Plato’s Timaeus. He mentions this in book VIII of Hippocrates and Plato’s Physicians, and book XII. Likewise Plutarch himself had illustrated certain Platonic words by a special treatise. Concerning the origin of Plato’s names, etc. We are taught this from Lamprias’ catalogue. Laertius reckons only four Platos the philosopher; but there were more. The sixth Plato is therefore the Gerasenian, according to the law in a certain place. Stephanus says so: the seventh Plato is Sardanus the Epicurean, as Cicero notes in his letters to Quintus, his brother. The eighth Plato is the son of Lycaon, according to Apollodorus, book 3 of the Bibliotheca. The ninth appears in an ancient inscription cited by Gruter: M. ELPIDIUS. PAMPHILUS. PLATONI TATAE SUO BENE MERENTI FECIT. These are especially the figures that occur in history and deserve to be observed more carefully. I once noted still others of the more recent age with great diligence, but certainly with sympathy; for I now think very differently, and I do not value the names of such barbarous men so highly. But since you said that my little work should not displease you, let us proceed in order. The tenth is Plato, the martyr under Maximian. He is known from the Martyrologies. The eleventh is Plato, Prefect of the City, whom Victor of Tunnuna records in his Chronicle under the consulship of Probus, which was in the year of Christ 912, in the thirteenth year of Emperor Anastasius. The twelfth is Plato, father of John VII, supreme pontiff, by nation a Greek. Platina, Life of John VII. Onu-
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VII. Onuphrius Parvin: Chron: Rom. Pontif. ad an. 10CCV. Tertius decimus Plato Abbas Monasterii Studitarum, cui sub Constantino Coprony- mo successit Theodorus Studita. Menolog. Gr. ad. d. 11. Novemb. apud Canis. Tom. II antiq. lect. de hoc agit Baronius Tom. 9. ad Ann. 10CCXCV. Quartus decimus Plato Tiburtinus erit, qui Abbetenii librum de Scientiis Stellarum, & Theodosium Tripolit. Græcum ex Arabico Latine vertit. Sed ille recentior est, quam ut ad Platonis Philosophi historiam observari debeat. Ea confusione nullus finis Platonum esset. Passum etiam nunc oc- currere alios intelligo, sed indignos animadversione tua: poterunt notare, qui otii sui rationem reddere non tenentur. Petri Gassendi elegantissimi Philosophi lectionem merito repudies in verbis Laërtii de Epicuro [etc] [etc] Extremum verbum laborat levi mendo Non legendum est [etc]; sed [etc] placebant. Vide quam aptum hoc commodumque sit sensui & ipsis literarum duetibus. Laërtius vita Cleobuli, merito hanc lectionem oppugnat Casaubonus, sed quod ex Stobæo substituit, non possum induci ut probem. Verum est sexaginta puellas esse oportet. Non admitto autem lectionem Stobæi, tamen ænigma elegantissimum facile sanabo. Reddenda tantum est Laërtio vocula trium literarum, quam posterior syllaba in ablorpsit, vulgari librariorum compen- dio. Lego habes jam sexaginta. Nihil certius est hac emen- datione. Ut errorem emendaret Casaubonus, duo integra verba deleverat, ad- vocatis plane aliis. Lectione autem apud Laërtium absque ullo verborum dis- pendio constituta, qui nasum habent facile olfaciunt, glossema esse apud Sto- bæum. Ita explicarunt homines otiosi elegantiora verba, Ideoque hæc potius restituenda Stobæo censeo. Constitueram finem facere, sed opportune ex frequentiori Platonum mentione in memoriam reducer non operosæ; sed probatæ emendationis, quæ ad tanti viri honorem quam maxime pertinere videbatur. Non ingratum fore existimo, si apud te exponam. Valerii Maximi verba sunt, quæ omnes editiones impune contami- nant, lib. 1. cap. 7. Sed quoniam divitias Mida, disertumque Platonis somnum attigi, referam quam certis imaginibus muliorum quies adumbrata sit. Ecce quam ineptum initium capitis? dicit: referam de somniis, quia divitias Midæ attigi. Argumentum , absurda ratio! deinde quid, quæso, est disertus somnus? an qui futuram eloquentiam indicat? mira & putida . Nihil sani est. Probo quod in primo codice Isaaci Vossii & Heinsiano altero inveni, disertique Platonis somnum. Fruatur laude sua Plato, quod est in eleganti Epigrammatel 1. Antholog. cap. 86. Norunt omnes me- ritissimo tribui: docebat ipse Valerius exemplo præcedenti. Nihil ergo jam su- perest, nisi ut pari successu extrita unica literula Midæ gloriam affectatam, imo toti huic membro sanitatem reddamus! legendum enim est. Sed quoniam divitias Mida, disertique Platonis somnum attigi. Vale Vir maxime, & me ama. Scri- bebam in Lutet. Paril. IV. Kal. Majas MDC LX. MAR-
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VII. Onuphrius Parvin: Chron: Rom. Pontif. ad an. 10CCV. The thirteenth Plato, abbot of the Monastery of the Studites, after whom Theodore Studita succeeded under Constantine Copronymus. Menolog. Gr. ad d. 11. Novemb. apud Canis. Tom. II antiq. lect. Baronius treats of this in Tom. 9. ad Ann. 10CCXCV. The fourteenth Plato will be the one of Tibur, who translated Abbetenius’ book On the Sciences of the Stars, and Theodosius of Tripoli from Greek into Latin from Arabic. But he is more recent than that he should be considered for the history of Plato the Philosopher. With such confusion there would be no end to the Platos. I understand that others also now come to hand, but unworthy of your notice; those who do not have to give an account of their leisure may take note of them. You would rightly reject the reading of Peter Gassendi, that most elegant philosopher, in Laertius’ words concerning Epicurus [etc] [etc] The last word is troubled by a slight corruption. It should not be read [etc]; but [etc] pleased. See how apt and suitable this is to the sense and to the very letters. Laertius, life of Cleobulus: Casaubon rightly attacks this reading, but what he substitutes from Stobaeus, I cannot be brought to approve. It is true that there ought to be sixty girls. Yet I do not admit Stobaeus’ reading; nonetheless I shall easily solve the very elegant riddle. A word of three letters need only be restored to Laertius, which the later syllable has absorbed, by the common abbreviation of copyists. I read: you now have sixty. Nothing is more certain than this emendation. To correct the error Casaubon had deleted two whole words, plainly with the help of others. But once the reading in Laertius has been established without any loss of words, those who have a nose easily smell that what is in Stobaeus is a gloss. Thus idle men explained the more elegant words. Therefore I judge that this should rather be restored to Stobaeus. I had intended to finish, but opportunely, from the more frequent mention of the Platos, I was reminded of a correction that was not laborious but well-founded, and which seemed to concern the honor of so great a man as much as possible. I think it will not be unwelcome if I set it out to you. The words are those of Valerius Maximus, which all editions corrupt with impunity, book 1, chapter 7. But since I have mentioned Midas’ riches and Plato’s eloquent sleep, I will relate with what sure images the repose of many men has been shadowed forth. See what an inept beginning of a chapter? He says: “I shall relate about dreams,” because I have mentioned Midas’ riches. What an absurd connection! Then what, I ask, is “eloquent sleep”? Is it one that indicates future eloquence? Marvelous and filthy. There is nothing sound in it. I approve what I found in the first codex of Isaac Vossius and in the second of Heinsius, “and Plato’s eloquent sleep.” Let Plato enjoy his praise, which is in the elegant epigram of Antholog. cap. 86. All know that it is deservedly attributed: Valerius himself taught this by the preceding example. Nothing therefore remains except that, with equal success, having worn away a single little letter, we restore health to this whole passage, which ascribes glory to Midas! For it should be read: “But since I have mentioned Midas’ riches, and the eloquent sleep of Plato.” Farewell, most excellent sir, and love me. I was writing at Paris, 4th day before the Kalends of May, 1660. MAR-
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MAR. GUDII EPISTOLÆ. ÆGIDIO MENAGIO S. D. Marquardus Gudius. DEprecarer impudentiam meam, si de Laertio verba apud Te facerem injussu tuo. Quid enim hoc esset aliud quam in scena gestum agere, spectante Roscio? Exempla historiæ veteris ad unum omnia, quæ fastidiendo labore in char- tas alii disponimus, certo argumento imbecillitatis nostræ, tantum abest ut mé- moriam tuam fugiant, ut ubique etiam in numerato habeas ubertate propemodum in credibili. Nihil profecto ex pretiosissimo auctore tuo ad te defertur, quin e vestigio exponas quiddici poterit, quid debeat. Ego ex infirmitatis meæ con- scientia longe modestius sentio, quam ut afferri aliquid a me posse confidam, quod inter comentarios tuos observari mereatur: tamen, te jubente, notabo non exempla tantum satis vulgaria, quorum nuper mentionem feci, sed nonnulla etiam alia istiusmodi, quæ nescio an tanti sint ut legas; certe tanti non esse ipse moneo, ut lectione adeo inani momentum horæ elegantioribus curis tuis pereat. Pag. 187. editionis Genevensis M DC XVI. Θαρηλιῶν Θιβδόμη. Ea dies longo post tempore singulari quotannis religione inter Academicos celebra- ta est. Plutarchus Sympos. I. VIII. qu. I. τὴ ἐπιτητὴ Θαρηλιῶν Θιμικινον πῶν Συμφαίτης αγαροντε γενθλιον. τὴ ἔδιμητὴν Πλάτων Θημεῖν. Porphyrus in vita Plotini se carmen aliquod recitasse dicit εν Πλατονλοις. Dies Academiæ memorabilis! nam Platonem & Carneadem dedit; imo Platonem etiam ab- stulit, si verum est quod notavit Seneca. Ibid. Νεάδης δὲ Φησιν αυτὸν πελαρων ἐν ὑγδομηντὴ πελευτημὸν ἑτῶν. Ergo Neanthes non convenit cum Hermippo de anno natali Platonis. Nam si anno ατatis octogesimo & primo decessit, sequitur natum fuisse primo anno Olympia- dis octogesimæ octavæ: neque enim annus Olympiadis, quo extinctus est, in discrimen vocatur; hac parte non est in tota antiquitate, quem Hermippo, quem Apollodoro opponamus: imo assentiuntur Plutarchus de X. Rhet. c. VIII. Dionysius Hal. epilt. ad Ammæum: Athenæus lib. v. cap. XIII. Auctor Olympiadum & alii. Una diffensio est de ατate Platonis, quando inceperit, non quando desierit. Inter omnes autem qui annum citatum nativitati as- scribunt, primus, quem invenio, Hermippus fuit, qui teste Laertio, Pla- tonem pervenisse prodidit ad annum ατatis primum & octogesimum. Quem Hermippus numerorum suorum auctorem potissimum sequatur, nemo hodie, opinor, in tanta antiquitatis jactura facile ostendet: tamen non dubitandum est quin omnes, qui huic ratiocinationi manum dedere, Hermippi fidem se- quantur unius Apollodori beneficio. Hunc enim illustrem Historiæ veteris Chronologum, ut annalibus suis consignaret natalem annum primarii Philo- sophi, quæso te putâne alterius fide & opera usum fuisse quam Hermippi illius Smyrni? cujus de præstantium Philosophorum vitis confecta singulari accu- ration-
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MAR. GUDII EPISTOLÆ. TO ÆGIDIUS MENAGIUS, GREETING. Marquard Gudius. I should beg pardon for my impudence if I were to speak to you about Laertius without your leave. For what would this be but to act a scene on the stage while Roscius is looking on? All the examples of ancient history, which others, with labor that is wearisome to them, arrange in note-form, so far are they from escaping your memory that you keep them everywhere, even at hand, in almost incredible abundance, as a sure proof of our own weakness. Nothing is indeed brought to you from your most precious author that you do not instantly explain what can be said and what ought to be said. From the consciousness of my own infirmity I feel much more modestly, so that I do not trust that anything can be offered by me which deserves to be noticed among your commentaries; yet, at your command, I shall note not only examples that are quite common, of which I recently made mention, but also certain others of the same kind, which I know not whether they are worth your reading; certainly I myself warn you that they are not worth so much that so empty a reading should steal away an hour’s time from your more elegant pursuits. Page 187 of the Geneva edition, M DC XVI. Thargelion 7. That day was later celebrated each year among the Academics with special religious observance. Plutarch, Sympos. I. VIII. qu. I. In the festival of Thargelion, on the seventh day, the feast of the birth of something is celebrated. Plato was born on the 7th. Porphyry, in the Life of Plotinus, says that he recited a poem in the Pinakioi. A memorable day for the Academy! for it gave birth to Plato and Carneades; indeed, it also took away Plato, if what Seneca noted is true. Ibid. Neanthes says that he died at the age of eighty-one. Therefore Neanthes does not agree with Hermippus about Plato’s year of birth. For if he died in the eighty-first year of his age, it follows that he was born in the first year of the eighty-eighth Olympiad; for the year of the Olympiad in which he died is not called into question. In this matter there is no one in all antiquity whom we may set against Hermippus and Apollodorus; indeed, Plutarch agrees in de X. Rhet. c. VIII., Dionysius of Halicarnassus, ep. ad Ammæum, Athenæus, book V, chapter XIII, the author of the Olympiads, and others. The only disagreement is about Plato’s age when he began, not when he ended. But among all those who assign a given year to his birth, the first whom I find is Hermippus, who, according to Laertius, reported that Plato lived to his eighty-first year. By whose authority Hermippus chiefly followed in his calculations, I think no one today, amid so great a loss of antiquity, can easily show; nevertheless there can be no doubt that all who have taken up this reckoning follow Hermippus’ authority by the benefit of Apollodorus alone. For I ask you, do you think that this distinguished chronologer of ancient history, in recording in his annals the year of birth of the foremost philosopher, used any other authority and labor than that of that Hermippus of Smyrna, whose singular care in compiling the lives of eminent philosophers...
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GUDII EPISTOLA. ratione volumina passim illa tempestate eruditorum omnium manibus versabantur? Iam vide, quanto Apollodorus successu, aliis in numerorum ratione reclamantibus, toti propemodum orbi sententiam incertam persuasit. Huic Cicero, Valerius Maximus, Seneca, Quinctilianus, Censorinus & Latinialii ad unum omnes adhæsere, quia, quod possum ostendere, Apollodori χεμι- νος tanquam αξιωνισμ familiarissime utebantur. Verum qui quam maxime in hac causa advocandi erant, Græci etiam alii, quanquam invicem dissentiunt, Hermippo certe ejusque suffragatori Apollodoro refragantur uno ore. Dices: Scripturus Platonis vitam Hermippus ætatem studiosissime videtur indagasse. Sed profecto eandem curam profutetur Neanthes Cyzicenus, quia ipso etiam illustrium virorum vitas non absque diligentia explicasse dicitur. Quare ab Hermippo abiens Neanthes majori patientia audiendus est, qui cum Platonem quarto & octogesimo ætatis anno obuisse observet, natum esse ostendit, secundo anno Olymp. octogesimæ septimæ. Hoc non absque fundo & auctore, non absque argumento affirmari intelligendum erit: namque ipsum annum, quem ille designat, summa mihi ratione videor alibi deprehendere. Plutarchus & Laërtius Platonem docent natum esse sex annis post Isocratem. Atqui Isocrates natus est Olympiadis supra octogesimam sextæ primo anno, quod absque ulla disputatione demonstrari poterit ex Plutarcho & Dionysio. Consit ergo quod Neanthes voluit, parentem Academiæ secundo anno Olympiadis octogesimæ septimæ tanquam coelo delapsum in terras, ad ætatis usque quarum & octogesimum hominibus interfuisse. Hæc est, MENAGI Doctissime, controversia socii tui. Nisi indigna est eleganti censura, oportet ut solus arbiter sedes. Defert caulam auctor tuus, quem immortali opera demereris. Cæterum quæ dicta sunt, non patrocinantur Neanthi, ut Hermippi sententiam tantis viris probatam explodant: neque enim desunt Hermippo argumenta speciosissima. Ego si in tanto gravissimorum auctorum dissensu ampliandum esse censeas, opinioni meæ satisfactum arbitrabor. P. 188. ἰδε ἰδελφις ἀδειματην ἐγ[ι]νη Παυλοκατης. Nec plures habet Apuleius nec Suidas. Plutarchus autem 1. ὑπι Φιλαδελφία tertium addit Antiphontem natu minimum: Παῦτον τὴς αδελφις τὴς τὴν καὶντὴν συγχαματην ἰδιομασίς πιπίσον, Παῦκωνα μὴν ἐγ[ι]νη άδειματην τὴν τὴν πατειαν, ἀντιφώτα ἐγ[ι]νη τὴν νεώτητον τὴν Παυλοκατην. Ibid. εἰσ ὑδε ἐγινη Παῦλοιον Φασίοι ἀντιπλεμοι. Operæ pretium est audire quid de hoc palæstrico Platonis exercitio sentiat Cyrillus lib. v. 1. contr. Iul. Φασί δὲ ἐγινη λευτη ἐγινη Παῦλοιον Παῦλοιον αυτῶν. εἰδα πὴ ἐγινδετο Ποῦθα θαυατοπιστερον ἀναχωτον γὰρ, αἰς γεωματον, τῶν Ποῦθον Ποῦσινον σκύμανι γεωμαίνη τὴν ακυπτων αγνωματιν ἐγινητον ἐνηληθον, ἐντοι παῦλον ἐγινη σκυμημένι πιταχα μεθῶ. Vide etiam Helladium apud Photium. P. 189. ἀγανεῖδαι παρωθια πεὸ ἐν διοσκοσματι δεῖατεν. Quare ante Dionysiacum theathrum? Viri docti frustra offendunt, male mutant. Locus profecto debebat respondere tempori. Certabant enim poëtæ veteris Comæ- dix
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GUDII EPISTOLA. Why, in that period, were those volumes so widely handled by all scholars? Now see with what success Apollodorus, while others were objecting on the question of numbers, persuaded almost the whole world of a doubtful opinion. To this view Cicero, Valerius Maximus, Seneca, Quintilian, Censorinus, and the rest of the Latins all adhered without exception, because, as I can show, they were very familiar in using Apollodorus χεμι- νος as though αξιονισμ . Yet those who ought most of all to have been summoned in this case, the other Greeks too, although disagreeing among themselves, are at least unanimously opposed to Hermippus and his supporter Apollodorus. You will say: Hermippus, when he was going to write Plato’s life, seems to have investigated his age with the greatest care. But certainly the same care may also be claimed for Neanthes of Cyzicus, since he is said to have explained the lives of famous men no less diligently. Therefore, setting Hermippus aside, Neanthes deserves to be heard with greater patience, for, observing that Plato died in his eighty-fourth year, he shows that he was born in the second year of the 87th Olympiad. This should be understood as being asserted not without basis and authority, not without argument: for I seem to detect elsewhere, by the strongest reasoning, the very year which he indicates. Plutarch and Laertius teach that Plato was born six years after Isocrates. But Isocrates was born in the first year of the 86th Olympiad, which can be demonstrated without any dispute from Plutarch and Dionysius. Let it then stand as Neanthes wished: the father of the Academy, as if fallen from heaven to earth, was born in the second year of the 87th Olympiad and was among men until the eighty-fourth year of his age. This is the controversy, most learned MENAGI, of your associate. Unless the judgment is unworthy of your elegant criticism, you must sit as sole arbiter. Your author, whom you honor by your immortal labors, submits the cause to you. Moreover, what has been said does not support Neanthes in order to overturn Hermippus’ opinion, confirmed by such great men: for Hermippus is not lacking in very plausible arguments. If, in so great a disagreement among the most serious authors, you think it should be broadened, I shall consider my own opinion satisfied. P. 188. ἰδε ἰδελφις ἀδειματην ἐγ[ι]νη Παυλοκατης. Apuleius has no more, nor does Suidas. Plutarch, however, in 1. ὑπι Φιλαδελφία adds a third, the youngest by birth: Παῦτον τὴς αδελφις τὴς τὴν καὶντὴν συγχαματην ἰδιομασίς πιπίσον, Παῦκωνα μὴν ἐγ[ι]νη άδειματην τὴν τὴν πατειαν, ἀντιφώτα ἐγ[ι]νη τὴν νεώτητον τὴν Παυλοκατην. Ibid. εἰσ ὑδε ἐγινη Παῦλοιον Φασίοι ἀντιπλεμοι. It is worth hearing what Cyril thinks of this athletic exercise of Plato in book V, ch. 1, against Julian. Φασί δὲ ἐγινη λευτη ἐγινη Παῦλοιον Παῦλοιον αυτῶν. εἰδα πὴ ἐγινδετο Ποῦθα θαυατοπιστερον ἀναχωτον γὰρ, αἰς γεωματον, τῶν Ποῦθον Ποῦσινον σκύμανι γεωμαίνη τὴν ακυπτων αγνωματιν ἐγινητον ἐνηληθον, ἐντοι παῦλον ἐγινη σκυμημένι πιταχα μεθῶ. See also Helladius in Photius. P. 189. ἀγανεῖδαι παρωθια πεὸ ἐν διοσκοσματι δεῖατεν. Why before the Dionysiac theater? Learned men vainly stumble over it and alter the passage badly. The place certainly ought to correspond to the time. For the poets of Old Comedy were contending...
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GUDI EPISTOLÆ. dix, festo die Dionysii. Scholiastes Aristoph. Equit. ἐν τὴ Πιονοιοι ἐγνιζοντο οἰ τὴς αρχαιας κωμωδίας. In hoc illustrium ingeniorum certamine, inter istiusmodi solennitatem publicam Socrates recitatione sua Platonem adeo deterruit, ut etiam quæ recitaturus erat, carmina Vulcano offerret. Ita intelligo Laertium: neque enim ab omni prorsus amoenitate Camoenarum adeo abhorrebant Philosophi veteres, virigravissimi. Xenocrates totam vitam in sapientiæ studio conterebat inter exigua Academiæ spatia: una autem die annis singulis ad solennia. Dionysii sacra egressus dicitur, ut Tragicorum festivitati interesset. Plutarchus ὑπι Φυγης: ἐν ἀκαδημια -- ἐικη- πέριον ἐν Παῖτων Θη Πενοκράτης καὶ ΠολίμωνΘη, αυτόδει χολαζήτων καὶ κα- παθιέντων τὴν απαττα χρέσον. Παῖνοιαία μιαν ἐμεργον ἐν ἐνοκράτης καὶ ἐκαστον ἐτρὸς εἰς ἀσυν κατύμ Διονοσιων καινοεις Θαγωδοεις Θημεσμῶν, ως ἰφασαι, πῶνιοντὴν. Ibid. Περοεἰχει Κερμτύλω πε τῶν ἡρακλετείω Platonem adhuc adolescentem usu ex consuetudine Cratyli imbibisse Heracliti opiniones non absque aculeo notavit Aristoteles l. 1. Metaph. c. vi. -- ἐμμορέντες τῶν τῶν Παρωφίδω Φιλοσοτηνι. Videtur non tantum Hermogeni sed Zenoni etiamex schola Parmenidis operam dedisse. Photius inter excerpta ex vita Pythag. τὴς ἐλεατας: καὶ ἐποι ἐν τὴς Πηθαργηνημὸν ἀπελεβητὴς. Plato ipsum Parmenidem non audivit: demonstratum est Athen. lib. 11. c. 15. neque officiunt verba Photii. Parmenidem Zenoni addit tantum, ut constaret unde Zeno hauserat quæ Platoni tradidit. Videatur Apuleius & Laert. Zenon. P. 190. ἐπεροπεις Πεις ἀγνωπων παραὶ ἐν Περοφίλας. Plato ἀεγyptum peragravit ut a sacerdotibus barbaris numeros & cælestia acciperet. Piso apud Cic. l. v. de fin. ἀεγyptum peragravit, dum a Sacerdotibus ejus gentis Geometriam multiplices numeros atque cælestium observationum rationem perciperet. Valerius Max. l. VIII. c. VII. ubi vulgo perperam: percipit: Sed repono leviter ex Harlemensi codice, quod sensus, quod ipsa Latinitas requirit perciperet. Apuleius: Astrologiam adusque ἀεγyptum ivit petitum, ut inde Prophetarum etiam ritus addisceret. Philostratus l. 1. Apoll. c. 1, Παῖτων βαδιον εἰς ἀγνωπῶν, καὶ πολιὰ τῶν ἰκεῖ περοφητῶν πε καὶ ἐμετῶν ἐγναταμίξας τὴς ἰαυτῶν λήγας. Eum ex Italia in ἀεγyptum trajecisse auctor est Laertius. Repugnat Cicero de Rep. Sed audisse te credo, tum vero Platonem, Socrates mortuo, in ἀεγyptum discendi causa, post in Italiam contendisse. apud Non. Contendere. Apuleius videtur discrepantem historiam in ordinem redigere: notavitem discessum ex Italia in ἀεγyptum & ex ἀεγypto reditum in Italiam. Itineri ἀεγyptio alia adhuc Orientalia subjungit Lactantius lib. IV. Instit. c. 2. Soleo, inquit, mirari quod cum Pythagoras, & postea Plato, amore indaganda veritatis accensi ad ἀεγyptios & Magos & Persas usque penetrassent, ut earum gentium ritus & sacra cognoscerent (suspicabantur enim sapientiam in religione versari) ad Iudaos tantum non accesserint, penes quos tunc solos erat, & quo facilius ire potuissent. Videtur Lactantius errori proximus, excusari tamen *** pote-
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GUDI EPISTOLÆ. dix, on the feast day of Dionysius. The scholiast on Aristophanes, Knights, ἐν τὴ Πιονοιοι ἐγνιζοντο οἰ τὴς αρχαιας κωμωδίας. In this illustrious contest of minds, amid such a public solemnity, Socrates so discouraged Plato by his recitation that he even offered to Vulcan the poems he was about to recite. So I understand Laertius: for the ancient philosophers, grave men as they were, were by no means wholly averse to all the charms of the Muses. Xenocrates spent his whole life in the pursuit of wisdom, within the narrow bounds of the Academy; yet once each year, on the festival days of Dionysius, he is said to have gone out to attend the celebration of the Tragedians. Plutarch, ὑπι Φυγης: ἐν ἀκαδημια -- ἐικη-πέριον ἐν Παῖτων Θη Πενοκράτης καὶ ΠολίμωνΘη, αυτόδει χολαζήτων καὶ καπαθιέντων τὴν απαττα χρέσον. Παῖνοιαία μιαν ἐμεργον ἐν ἐνοκράτης καὶ ἐκαστον ἐτρὸς εἰς ἀσυν κατύμ Διονοσιων καινοεις Θαγωδοεις Θημεσμῶν, ως ἰφασαι, πῶνιοντὴν. Ibid. Περοεἰχει Κερμτύλω πε τῶν ἡρακλετείω. Aristotle, in Metaphysics I, c. vi, noted, not without a sting, that Plato, still a young man, had imbibed through Cratylus, by use and habit, the opinions of Heraclitus. -- ἐμμορέντες τῶν τῶν Παρωφίδω Φιλοσοτηνι. He appears to have devoted himself not only to Hermogenes, but also to Zeno from the school of Parmenides. Photius, among the excerpts from the Life of Pythagoras, τὴς ἐλεατας: καὶ ἐποι ἐν τὴς Πηθαργηνημὸν ἀπελεβητὴς. Plato himself did not hear Parmenides: this has been demonstrated by Athenaeus, book 11, c. 15; nor do Photius’s words stand in the way. He adds Parmenides to Zeno only so that it may be clear from whom Zeno drew the doctrines which he handed on to Plato. See Apuleius and Laertius on Zeno, p. 190. ἐπεροπεις Πεις ἀγνωπων παραὶ ἐν Περοφίλας. Plato traveled through Egypt in order to receive from the barbarian priests numbers and heavenly matters. Piso, in Cicero, book V de finibus, traveled through Egypt while he learned from the priests of that nation geometry, the many numbers, and the method of observing the heavenly bodies. Valerius Maximus, book VIII, c. VII, where the common reading is wrongly percipit; but I restore perciperet lightly from the Harleian manuscript, as the sense and the Latin itself require. Apuleius: he went as far as Egypt to seek astrology, so that he might learn there even the rites of the Prophets. Philostratus, book I of Apollonius, c. 1, Παῖτων βαδιον εἰς ἀγνωπῶν, καὶ πολιὰ τῶν ἰκεῖ περοφητῶν πε καὶ ἐμετῶν ἐγναταμίξας τὴς ἰαυτῶν λήγας. Laertius says that he crossed from Italy to Egypt. Cicero, however, in De Republica, contradicts this: “But I believe you have heard that Plato, after Socrates had died, went to Egypt for the sake of learning, and afterwards made for Italy,” apud Nonium, Contendere. Apuleius seems to arrange the differing story in order: he notes the departure from Italy to Egypt and the return from Egypt to Italy. Lactantius adds other Oriental details to the Egyptian journey, book IV of the Institutes, c. 2. “I am accustomed,” he says, “to wonder that although Pythagoras, and later Plato, inflamed by a love of investigating the truth, penetrated as far as the Egyptians, the Magi, and even the Persians, in order to learn the rites and sacred things of those peoples—for they supposed wisdom to reside in religion—they did not so much as approach the Jews, among whom it then alone was found, and to whom they could have gone more easily.” Lactantius seems close to error, yet may be excused*** pote-
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GUDI EPISTOLÆ. poterit, si profectionem ad Magos & Persas de Pythagora intelligamus: nam bella & motus Asiæ Platonem aditu prohibebant: testis Laërtius & Apuleius. Cæterum etiamsi quod Lactantius miratur, Iudæos Plato nunquam accesse- rit, partem tamen sapientiæ suæ præstantiorem alii primarii Ecclesiæ doctores cum ab Hebræis haulisse contendunt. Ipse Origines l. vi. cons. Cels. quæ divine in Phædro scripta sunt, ab Hebræis esse opinatur, & hujus gene- risplura ex Mosaicis voluminibus translata esse, alibi arguit. Nosti, Me- nagi venerande, hanc receptam inter Scriptores sacros sententiam esse. Ita Josephus l. 2. οἰι αγχαιολ. c. iv. Irenæus l. 111. contra Hær. c. 45. Eu- sebius sæpe sed imprimis l. IX. πεσω. c. 3. & l. XIII. c. 7. Theodoretus l. 2. εἰραν. Cyrillus l. 1. cont. Iul. Ambrosius serm. 18. psalm 118. quibus adde Iustinum Martyrem, Tertullianum, Ioh. Philoponum in Hexacem aliosque. Hinc est quod Plato apud Clementem o' ιε Εβραιων Φιλοσοφοι dicitur primo Stromatean: Hinc exclamasse fertur Numenius Pythagoricus πιγαρις Πατων η Μασονς αυπηκισων; ut post doctissimum illum σεωματιων auctorem Helychius Milesius & Suidas notarunt Νημητικον. De ratione autem qua Mosen intel- lexerit, alii satis incauti parum dispiciunt, alii dissentiunt. Eusebius l. c. le- ctam fuisse putat Græcam versionem aliquam, quæ videtur ipsi ante LXX In- terpp. imo ante Alexandri & Persarum imperia extitisse. Huic se opponit Augustinus l. viII. de C. Dei c. xi. nam versionem Lxx. primam ducit neque admittit vetustiorem, sed Platonem uti Ægyptias, ita etiam Hebræas literas per interpretem didicisse existimat. Ambrosius videtur voluisse interpretem desi- gnare. Credit enim Ieremiam Platoni peregrinanti notum, imo familiarem fuisse, deceptus puto quia forte legerat de Platonis itinere ad Prophetas Ægy- ptios. Eandem opinionem Ambrosii sui gratia fovebat aliquandiu Augusti- nus. l. 2. de Doctr. Christ. c. xxvIII. Sed huic magna tandem ratione renun- ciavit, ut diximus. Ipsa tempora errorem detegunt facile condonandum viro sancto & prosecto levissimum, si inter minorum gentium turbam stuporem hominum aliquot novitiorum advertas, Hieronymum Donzellinum intelligo ejusque suffragatores, qui opera etiam & studio Philonis Iudæi Platonem no- strum profecisse contendunt. ληροι ληρον. Si diis placet, gaudent ratione: nituntur priori membro jactati inter Græculosproverbii: η Πατων Φιλονίεν, η Φιλων Πατανίεν. Quid ineptius? tamen vera est in hac πισοει pars posterior. Fuit enim Philo Platicæ doctrinæ studiosissimus. Ut secundus Plato dice- retur. Hieron. Epist. ad Magnum: Quid loquar de Philone, quem vel alte- rum vel secundum Iudæum Platonem Critici pronunciant. Vide etiam Euseb. Hist. Eccl. l. 2. c. iv. Sed hoc est extra oleas. Istius modi fabellis Historia inprimis Platonica varie contaminata est vitio quorundam Christianorum, qui ex Academia profecti tantum sibi indulgere, ut Platonem ingratius suis Christo addicerent. Consictum est anile somnium, ut summo cum pretio Christianismi donarent, quod refert Nicetas in orat. Nazianzeni: & Anastasius Sinaita in ὑδρυμα quæst. III. Pag.
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Of the Epistles. it may be possible, if we understand Plato’s journey to the Magi and Persians; for wars and disturbances in Asia prevented him from approaching them: Laertius and Apuleius are witnesses. Moreover, even if, as Lactantius wonders, Plato never approached the Jews, some of the more distinguished doctors of the Church nevertheless contend that the better part of his wisdom was drawn from the Hebrews. Origen himself, in book VI of Contra Celsum, thinks that what was written divinely in the Phaedrus came from the Hebrews, and elsewhere he argues that many such things were translated from the Mosaic books. You know, venerable Menage, that this is the received opinion among sacred writers. So Josephus, book 2, Antiquities , chapter iv; Irenaeus, book III, Against Heresies, chapter 45; Eusebius often, but especially book IX, chapter 3, and book XIII, chapter 7; Theodoret, book II; Cyril, book I, Against Julian; Ambrose, sermon 18 on Psalm 118; to whom add Justin Martyr, Tertullian, John Philoponus on the Hexaemeron, and others. Hence it is that Plato is called by Clement “the Hebrew philosopher” in the first Stromateis. Hence Numenius the Pythagorean is said to have exclaimed, and after that same very learned author Helichius Milesius and Suidas noted it as a memorable saying. But as to the way in which he understood Moses, some, being too rash, do not examine the matter closely enough; others disagree. Eusebius, in the passage cited, thinks that some Greek version was read, which seems to have existed before the Septuagint translators, indeed before the empires of Alexander and the Persians. Augustine opposes this in book VIII of City of God , chapter 11; for he takes the Septuagint as the first version and does not admit an earlier one, but thinks that Plato learned Hebrew letters, as well as Egyptian ones, through an interpreter. Ambrose seems to have wanted to indicate an interpreter. For he believes that Jeremiah, while traveling, was known to Plato, indeed that he was familiar with him; I think he was deceived because he may have read somewhere of Plato’s journey to the Egyptian prophets. Augustine for a time favored this same opinion for the sake of his Ambrose. In book II of On Christian Doctrine , chapter 28. But he finally renounced it for good reason, as we have said. The times themselves easily reveal the error, which should readily be forgiven in a holy man and, in truth, a very slight one, if you consider the amazement of a few novices among the crowd of lesser folk—I mean Hieronymus Donzellinus and his supporters—who contend that our Plato was advanced even by the work and study of the Jew Philo. Nonsense upon nonsense. If the gods please, they rejoice in reason: they rely on the latter half of a crude Greek proverb, “Either Plato from Philo, or Philo from Plato.” What could be more foolish? Yet the latter part of this jest contains something true. For Philo was most devoted to Platonic doctrine, so that he was called the second Plato. Jerome, Epistle to Magnus: “What shall I say of Philo, whom critics pronounce either the other or the second Jewish Plato?” See also Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, book II, chapter iv. But this is beside the point. Tales of this sort have especially contaminated history in the Platonic tradition through the fault of certain Christians, who, having come from the Academy, indulged themselves so much as to attribute Plato more gratefully to Christ than to their own school. A fable was invented, an old wives’ tale, so that they might bestow Christianity at a high price, as Nicetas reports in the oration on Gregory Nazianzen, and Anastasius Sinaita in the Hodēgēma , question III. Page.
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GUDI EPISTOLÆ. Pag. 191. μιξιν πε ἐπικοιωτο των πε ηεακαλεπτιων &c. Similiter Apuleius & Hesychius, qui totum locum iisdem verbis transcripsit ut pleraque alia. Huc conferri poterunt Aristoteles l. 1. Metaph. c. vi. Tatianus πρὸς Χ. v. Proclus in Tim. & imprimis Photius inter Excerpt. Pythag. Notum est Epigramma elegans ex Anthol. Σωκραπικῶ Σαμιον περασωι &c. quod Latine olim expressi: Socratico Samios miscens cratere sapores, Optima laudandi tessera dissidii: P. 193. [ς] [με]ν Επίχαμω [με]ν [μι]ντων [με]ντων [με]ντων. Epicharmi elegantissimis versibus diligentiam insignem adhibuere Scaliger & Casaubonus. Non autem dissentiendi libidine a viris omni laude mea majoribus, sed unius veritatis studio expungendas esse censeo correctiones, quæ videntur ipsam Epicharmi sententiam evertere. Primis quinque versibus de rerum naturalium principiis agit. Eorum secundo obtrusa est negatio contrasensum, contra libros veteres. Legunt enim: Τάδε [μὴ] [αἰ]ει παρετ[ι]ς [μοι]σια. [μι]α [μὴ] [μι]ντων [αἰ]ει. Vulgo abest [μι]ς. nec dubitandum est quin abe [μι]e debeat. Loquitur Epicharmus de Diis suis. Nosti autem Deos Epicharmi ex Menandri versiculis: 'Ο μεν Επίχαμω [με]ν [μι]ντων [με]ντων [με]ντων. Ανέμως, [με]λιον, [μι]ν, [με]θων, [μι]νον, αστερας. Hæc [α]eterna rerum elementa, hos Deos, hæc principia absque principio affirmabat. Eandem Empedocles opinionem profitebatur, sed plura iste non advocabat nisi illa pervulgata & nota quatuor: Δια μεν [μι]ν [μι]ντων, [με]ν τ[ο]ν [μι]ντων, αἰδωεα [μὴ] [μι]ντ[ο]ν αέχ[ω], Νησίν [μὴ] [μι]ν [με]θων καὶ ταυτα, Φησιν, απατομεια λαμπερει ευδαμιν λήρειν, ως αν αἰδια τὴς πιάντης λαμπομηστεως [α]σπις. Laert. Emp. & Cic. 1. de Nat. Deor. Empedocles autem multa alia peccans in deorum opinione turpissime labitur. Quatuor enim naturas, ex quibus omnia constare vult, divinas esse censet. Vides Empedoclem & Epicharmum, ipsius Pythagoræ auditors sententiam ab omni Pythagoricaschola alienissimam uno propemodum ore docuisse, nam certe conveniunt, & parum abest quin inducar ut ipsum etiam Epicharmum inter deos primarios non plura, quam eadem recepta quatuor principia agnovisse existunem, quamvis αντὶ [μὴ] αἰχ[ω] circumlocutione poetica Menander ανίμως, [με]λιον, αστερα nominasse videatur. Uterque consent t de naturarum, quas immane quantum extollunt, [α]eternitate; eas semper similes fore: absque ortu, absque interitu omnis penitus mutationis expertes esse. Hoc est quod primo alteroque versu intelligit Epicharmus. Αλλ[ι] [α]ει [μι]ν [με]τολ παρ[ε]ντων, [με]πελιστιν [μι]ν [με]ν πιώπα. Τάδε [μὴ] [αει]ει παρετ[ι]ς [μοι]σια: δια [μὴ] [μι]ντων αυτων [αει]. Si cum negatione accipias membrum posterius, ut viri docti contendunt, Epicharmo invito tota extinguetur sublimium naturarum [α]eternitas. [μὴ] miselli! [μὴ] impotentes Dii! si dependeant aliunde! quod enim non per se, sed virtute aliena, * * * * 2
Transcription: Translated (English)
GUIDE TO THE EPISTLES. Page 191. μιξιν πε ἐπικοιωτο των πε ηεακαλεπτιων &c. Similarly Apuleius & Hesychius, who transcribed the whole passage in the same words, as they did most of the rest. To these may be compared Aristotle, book 1 of the Metaphysics, ch. vi.; Tatian, πρὸς Χ. v.; Proclus in Tim., and especially Photius among the Excerpta Pythagorica. The elegant epigram from the Anthology is well known, Σωκραπικῶ Σαμιον περασωι &c., which I once rendered into Latin: Mixing the Samian flavor in a Socratic cup, The best token of praise for disagreement. Page 193. [ς] [με]ν Επίχαμω [με]ν [μι]ντων [με]ντων [με]ντων. The most elegant verses of Epicharmus were handled with remarkable care by Scaliger and Casaubon. But I think that corrections which seem to overthrow Epicharmus’ very meaning ought to be removed, not out of any desire to differ from men greater than I in every kind of praise, but in the pursuit of truth alone. In the first five verses he is speaking of the principles of natural things. In the second there has been forced in a negation, contrary to sense, contrary to the ancient books. For they read: Τάδε [μὴ] [αἰ]ει παρετ[ι]ς [μο]σια. [μι]α [μὴ] [μι]ντων [αἰ]ει. Commonly [μι]ς is omitted; and there can be no doubt that [μι]e ought to stand. Epicharmus is speaking of his gods. Now you know the gods of Epicharmus from Menander’s little verses: 'Ο μεν Επίχαμω [με]ν [μι]ντων [με]ντων [με]ντων. Ανέμως, [με]λιον, [μι]ν, [με]θων, [μι]νον, αστερας. These eternal elements of things, these gods, these principles without a beginning, he affirmed. Empedocles professed the same opinion, but he did not invoke more than those four, common and well known: Δια μεν [μι]ν [μι]ντων, [με]ν τ[ο]ν [μι]ντων, αἰδωεα [μὴ] [μι]ντ[ο]ν αέχ[ω], Νησίν [μὴ] [μι]ν [με]θων καὶ ταυτα, Φησιν, απατομεια λαμπερει ευδαμιν λήρειν, ως αν αἰδια τὴς πιάντης λαμπομηστεως [α]σπις. Laert. Emp. & Cic. 1. de Nat. Deor. But Empedocles, erring in many other respects in his view of the gods, falls most shamefully into error. For he considers the four natures, from which he holds all things to be composed, to be divine. You see that Empedocles and Epicharmus, the pupils of Pythagoras himself, taught with almost one voice a doctrine utterly alien to the whole Pythagorean school; for certainly they agree, and it is not far from the truth to suppose that even Epicharmus himself among the chief gods acknowledged no more than the same accepted four principles, although instead of [μὴ] αἰχ[ω] Menander seems, by poetic circumlocution, to have named them ἀνέμως, [με]λιον, αστερα. Both agree concerning the eternity of the natures, which they exalt immensely; that they will always be the same; without birth, without destruction, and entirely free from all change. This is what Epicharmus means in the first and second verse. Αλλ[ι] [α]ει [μι]ν [με]τολ παρ[ε]ντων, [με]πελιστιν [μι]ν [με]ν πιώπα. Τάδε [μὴ] [αει]ει παρετ[ι]ς [μοι]σια: δια [μὴ] [μι]ντων αυτων [αει]. If you take the latter member with the negation, as the learned maintain, then, against Epicharmus’ intention, the eternity of the sublime natures will be entirely extinguished. Poor [μὴ]! [μὴ] powerless gods! if they depend on something else! for what is not by itself, but by another’s power, * * * * 2
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GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. aliena, existit, obnoxium est mutationibus, neque sibi semper simile esse poterit. Fontem frustrationis videre mihi videor sequentem versum fuisse: neque enim alium poterunt viri summi fundum habere correctionis suæ quam quod poeta subjiciat, Chaos primum fuisse Deorum omnium. Hoc intelligebant dixisse, tantum ut Deorum suorum originem ex rudiori illa inertissimaque materia petendam esse ostenderet. Quod si verum est, nequaquam ex seipso prodiere, ideoque legendum erit, potius, ὑν διὰ τῶν αυτῶν αἰ. Sed omnino falla est ὑποτεῖς: totam explicationem ab ipso sensu Epicharmi quam longissime remotam esse deprehendo. Dixerat de æternitide & præstantia Deorum suorum. Superest ut eludat amoveatque obstacula quæ videbantur officere. Hinc magna ratione in examen vocatur: Απα λεγεται μαν ἐκι ἀντων αἰ. Non doctrinam suam, sed quæ hanc destruebat, objectionem aliorum proponit ut nimirum explodat. Quod videtur egregie præstitisse versu quarto, quem audacia adhuc longe infeliciori tractatum esse dolco. Ita plerunque homines ex uno errore delabimur in alium nunquam meliorem. Invenio apud Calaubonum: Πῶς δὲ; ἀμάχανον [μὴ] ὑπο μεθενὸς ὑπετὴν πιεῦν μόλοι. Nemo est qui non videat agi adhuc de Chao: Hoc est illud ἀμάχανος quod Ovidius Latine dixit indigestam molem. Vellem autem explicasset ἐ παντι rationem emendationis suæ. Scilicet quia putabat ex ipsa mente Epicharmi esse, quod versu antecedenti dictum erat, Chaos primum fuisse Deorum aliorum; hinc lectionem suam confecit ἀμάχανον [μὴ] ὑπο μεθενὸς. Nam si primum est Chaos, certe non potest esse ἀμάχανον ὑπο πνεῦ, quod in vulgatis impressum est. Sed qua nobis ratione persuadebit, Epicharmum existimasse, ante Deos omnes, ante omnes naturas primum extitisse Chaos? Ipse Epicharmus hæret: quærit, miratur qui primum esse queat. Non ergo concessit. Dicam audacter, somniavit si concesserit. Quid enim hoc esset aliud quam cucurbitas pingere? Tanto affectu Deorum suorum æternitatem commendarat, eamque confestim eodem impetu evertit funditus! Cras credam, hodie nihil! Terram, ignem aliosque Deos suos semper extitisse profitetur: an ergo ex animi sententia dictum putabo, primum fuisse Chaos? Absurdum est! nam neque terra neque ignis erat, quando immensum ineffigiatumque illud occupat omnia. Quare cum Epicharmus non admittit eorum doctrinam, qui primum esse Chaos contendebant, nullo argumento nituntur emendationes viridoctissimi. Interea suo quemque sensu abundare facile patior: religio mihi est ad libidiuem dispungere aut mutare vulgatam lectionem, quæ sana & perspicua est. Lego itaque meliori tantum ordine. Πῶς δὲ; ἀμάχανον ὑπο πνεῦ. Μηδὲν [μὴ] ἐ πιεῦν μόλος. Respondet ad objectionem quæ naturæ æternitatem negabat. Qua, inquit, ratione primum esse poterit Chaos vestrum? Ipsum Chaos ab aliquo ortum esse oportet. Nihil poterat reponi accuratius. Rationes facile in promptu
Transcription: Translated (English)
GUDI AND THE EPISTLE. foreign, it becomes liable to changes, and cannot always be like itself. The source of the difficulty seems to me to have been the following verse: for the greatest men could find no other basis for their correction than what the poet subjoins, that Chaos was first among all the gods. They understood this to mean that he was indicating only that the origin of his gods must be sought in that rougher and most inert matter. But if this is true, then they did not by any means arise from themselves; and therefore one should rather read, ὑν διὰ τῶν αυτῶν αἰ. But altogether the conjecture is false: I find that the whole explanation is as far as possible removed from the very sense of Epicharmus. He had spoken of the eternity and excellence of his gods. It remains for him to evade and remove the obstacles that seemed to stand in the way. Hence the matter is rightly called into question: Απα λεγεται μαν ἐκι ἀντων αἰ. He is not putting forward his own doctrine, but rather the objection of others, which would destroy it, so that he may indeed overturn it. This he seems to have excellently accomplished in the fourth verse, which I lament has been handled with still greater and far less fortunate boldness. Thus very often men slip from one error into another, never a better one. I find in Calaubonus: Πῶς δὲ; ἀμάχανον [μὴ] ὑπο μεθενὸς ὑπετὴν πιεῦν μόλοι. No one is unaware that the subject is still Chaos: this is that ἀμάχανος which Ovid rendered in Latin as indigestam molem. I should have wished, however, that he had explained the reason for his emendation more fully. Namely, because he thought it belonged to the very mind of Epicharmus that what was stated in the preceding verse was that Chaos was first among the other gods; from this he constructed his reading ἀμάχανον [μὴ] ὑπο μεθενὸς. For if Chaos is first, then certainly it cannot be ἀμάχανον ὑπο πνεῦ, which is what is printed in the vulgate editions. But by what reasoning will he persuade us that Epicharmus thought that, before all the gods, before all natures, Chaos had first existed? Epicharmus himself hesitates: he asks, he wonders who could be first. He therefore did not concede it. I will say boldly: if he conceded it, he dreamt. For what else would this be than to paint cucurbits? With such feeling he had commended the eternity of his gods, and immediately, with the same impulse, overturned it utterly! Tomorrow I shall believe it; today, nothing! He professes that the earth, fire, and his other gods had always existed: shall I then think that it was said according to his own mind that Chaos was first? It is absurd! for neither earth nor fire existed when that immeasurable, shapeless thing occupies everything. Wherefore, since Epicharmus does not admit the doctrine of those who maintained that Chaos was first, the emendations of the very learned man rest on no argument. Meanwhile, I readily allow each man to abound in his own sense: it is a matter of conscience for me to alter or tamper at will with the received reading, which is sound and clear. I therefore read it only in a better order. Πῶς δὲ; ἀμάχανον ὑπο πνεῦ. Μηδὲν [μὴ] ἐ πιεῦν μόλος. He replies to the objection which denied the eternity of nature. By what, he asks, argument can your Chaos be first? Chaos itself must have arisen from something. Nothing could be answered more accurately. The arguments are easily at hand
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GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. promptu erunt cogitanti. Fatentur omnes ab æterno extitisse quod non ortum est ab alio. Sed Chaos nunquam æternum fuit: quia quod ab æterno est, mutari non potest, tantum abest ut deleatur. Chaos autem si non extinctum, omnino mutatum esse deprehendimus. Ergo aliquando ab aliquo ortum esse oportet. Cæterum ipsi etiam qui naturalium rerum primam esse Chaos materiam opinantur, nisi ludunt verbis, aliquid admittunt, quod antiquius, quod majus & præstantius est ipso Chao. Anaxagoras primus videtur fuisse auctor sententie de confusa ista materia: nam ipsius nihil esse aliud censeo quam Chaos Poetarum physicorum. Cicero l. 2. Acad. Quæst. recenset Philosophorum dissensionem in rerum principiis: Anaxagoras, inquit, materiam infinitam sed ejus particulas, similes inter se; minutas eas; primum confusas, postea in ordinem adductas mente divina. Ita lego & distinguo: vulgo inepte, ut ostendam alibi Anaxagoras πεωτὸς τὴν ὑλη Νῶν περηστεν αξιαμων ἐτω ἐν ουλιμματὸς --- Παντα χεήματα ἐν ομις. ἐπικ[λ]ης εἰλησων αυτα διεκδυσμον. Laert. Anaxagoræ Deus efficiens aut mens divina est, ut Cicero interpretatur. Vides ergo ex sententia Anaxagoræ Deum potius quam ipsum Choas ab initio fuisse. Neque aliter Ovidius: Hanc Deus et melior litem natura diremit. Quare quia credunt vim & caussam efficiendi priorem & meliorem esse inerti materia, necessario fallum est χαί πεωτον γενεδω τῶν Θεῶν: contra ea verum erit αμαχανον εἰναι ἀπολην. Ut tanta sententiæ adversæ absurditas facilius appareat, quia contraria juxta se posita magis magisque elucescunt, ad doctrinam suam Epicarmus revertitur, eamque comprehendit totam verbis paucissimis: μηδεν γ' ό, οι πεωτον μόλοι: quæ pari pondere respondent superioribus: αμι αἰν πολ Θεολ παρησων. Si enim naturæ sunt divinæ, si principia æterna sunt, si fuere semper, negari non poterit quod adjungit: nihil primum est ortu: nulla res est quæ primum prodiit. Sed hæc ιστοι laborat insigni ambiguitate: poterat aliquis argutari: si nihil primum est quod extitit, facta esse omnia ex nihilo. Hanc animo præviderat cavillationem Epicharmus noster, vafer ille Siculus, ut eum appellat Cicero lib. 1. Epist. xiv. ad Attic. erat enim homo acutus nec insulsus ut laudaturlib. 1. Tusc. Quæst. Ergo ab hac etiam parte studiosius cavit & plane omnem eripuit aculeum hominibus nihili. Ecce versum: Ουν αε ήμολε πεωτον ουδεν, ουδε μα Δια δεύεντον. Prioris membri sententiam intelligo: quia in rerum natura nihil primum fuisse ambigue dixerat, verborum suorum sensum exponit, se omnino improbare opinionem eorum, qui nihil tanquam principium aliquod constituunt, ex quo omnia exiere. Sed quid est polterius, ουδε μα Δια δεύεντον? Friget nisi me animus fallit. Si enim primum non est a nihilo, multo minus secundum erit. Quis ignorare illud potuit? Non videtur tradidisse adeo otiosa. Legendum esse arbitror: ὑ μετὰ Δια δεύεντον. Lapsu facili librariis ουδè μα natum est ex ὑ μετὰ. Epicharmum aliter non scripsisse ipse sensus convincit. Non tantum in nostris sacris docemur omnia a Deo creata esse ex nihilo * * * * 3
Transcription: Translated (English)
From the Epistle. They will be evident to one who reflects. All admit that there has existed from eternity that which has not arisen from another. But Chaos was never eternal: for that which is from eternity cannot be changed, much less destroyed. Yet Chaos, if not extinguished, we find to have been wholly changed. Therefore it must at some time have arisen from something. Besides, even those who think Chaos to be the first matter of natural things admit something—unless they are merely playing with words—which is older, greater, and more excellent than Chaos itself. Anaxagoras seems to have been the first author of this doctrine concerning that confused matter; for I judge that it is nothing other than the Chaos of the poets of nature. Cicero, book 2 of the Academica, recounts the disagreement of philosophers concerning the principles of things: “Anaxagoras,” he says, “an infinite matter, but its particles similar to one another; small particles; at first confused, afterward brought into order by the divine mind.” So I read and punctuate it; the common reading is inept, as I shall show elsewhere. Anaxagoras’s efficiens God, or divine mind, is, as Cicero interprets it. You see, then, that according to Anaxagoras God rather than Chaos itself was from the beginning. And no differently Ovid: “Hanc Deus et melior litem natura diremit.” Therefore, since they believe the power and cause of producing to be prior and better than inert matter, it necessarily follows that the first origin of the gods was false; on the contrary, it will be true that it is impossible for them to perish. So that the absurdity of the opposing view may appear more easily—because contraries placed side by side shine forth more and more—Epicharmus returns to his doctrine, and compresses it all into very few words: “μηδεν γ' ό, οι πεωτον μόλοι,” which in equal weight correspond to the above: “αμι αἰν πολ Θεολ παρησων.” For if the powers of nature are divine, if the principles are eternal, if they have always existed, it cannot be denied what he adds: nothing is first in origin; no thing is that which first came forth. But this passage labors under a notable ambiguity: someone could object, if nothing is first that has existed, then all things were made from nothing. Our Epicharmus had foreseen this quibble in his mind, that crafty Sicilian, as Cicero calls him, book 1, Epistles 14 to Atticus; for he was indeed a shrewd man and not foolish, as is praised in book 1 of the Tusculan Disputations. Therefore, from this side too he took greater care and completely removed the sting from men of nothing. Here is the verse: “Ουν αε ήμολε πεωτον ουδεν, ουδε μα Δια δεύεντον.” I understand the meaning of the first member: because he had said ambiguously that in the nature of things nothing was first, he explains the sense of his words, namely that he altogether rejects the opinion of those who set up nothing as a kind of principle, from which all things came forth. But what is the latter part, “ουδε μα Δια δεύεντον”? It is cold unless my mind deceives me. For if the first thing is not from nothing, much less will the second be. Who could have failed to know that? It does not seem so uselessly transmitted. I think it should be read: “ὑ μετὰ Δια δεύεντον.” By an easy slip of copyists, “ουδέ μα” arose from “ὑ μετὰ.” The sense itself proves that Epicharmus did not write otherwise. We are taught not only in our sacred writings that all things were created by God out of nothing... * * * * 3
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GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. lo. Fuere etiam de ποι ἰδω inter Philosophos veteres, qui plane idem existimabant. Sed prolixe hanc doctrinam post multos alios oppugnavit Lucretius initio doctissimi operis. Conferemus caput disputationis cum Epi- charmo: Principium hinc cujus nobis exordia sumer, Nullam rem e nihilo gigni divinitus unquam. Unum idemque intelligo quod verbis tantum aliis Epicharmus dixit: ἐκ ἐμολει ἀδεὶ μετὰ Δια δεύπερον. Si aliquid ex nihilo divinitus creatum est, Deus primus erit; illud autem quod nihil est, secundum existet post Deum: id est μετὰ Δια δεύπερον, quod negavit Poeta physicus, quia nihil turpius physico est, quam fieri sine materia quicquam dicere. Hæc sunt quæ ad locum non obsecurum adeo quam depravatum ipse non absque fastidio notavi. Odisse soleo omne genus σπεμολογων, tamen nescio qua fortuna invito mihi plura exciderint quam animo conceperam. Eodem successu, dum Græcos quinque versiculos paulo diligentius expendo, totidem, sese Latini obtulere ἐμωντ μαλλον ἐκερβαυλε. Non dishtebor, ægre istiusmodi aliquid ad te transmitto summum poetam, qui veterum & venustiorum poetarum lectione tritas aures habes, tamen tanti non sunt infelices & levissimi Iambi ut exculari mereantur. Accipe sed primum ipsos Græcos: 'Αλλ ἀεὶ τοὶ Θεοὶ παρησαι; ὑπέληνον ὑ οὐ πιώπικα. Τάδε [μὴ] αεὶ πάρεσθ ὑμοια, διὰ δὲ τῶν αυτῶν αεὶ. 'Απα λέγεται μαν ἡμι ἀχαίον πεωτον γεωδαι τῶν Θεῶν. Πῶς δί; ι ἀμάχασον ὑπο πολος. Μηδέο γι ὑ πι πεωτον μόλος. Οὐ ἀρ ἐμολε γα πεωτον ὑνδεῖ, ου μετὰ Δια δεύπερον. Erantque semper Dii: neque ullo defuere tempore: Similesque sunt semper: sua virtute se semper fovent. Sed primus extitisse dicitur deûm deus, CHAOS. Hem qui? Chaosque ipsum est ab altero. Nihil primum fuit. Neque hinc NIHIL primum est quod ortum; neque secundum est a Iove. Plura non addo ut patientiæ tuæ rationem habeam. Neque enim potero nisi ingrata maximeque trita & vulgaria consignare omni destitutus meliorum librorum contubernio, negotiis accuratiorem diligentiam interpellantibus. Omnia humaniori censuræ tuæ submittere constitui. Deleas, damnes ex arbitrio, non intercedam. Levissima jactura est tantillæ operæ. Quod si vero jusseris ut conficiam quæ excepta sunt, enitar ut saltem breviora quamprimum habeas: te volente, non subterfugiam laborem inglorium & periclitari malo opinionem eruditionis quam fidem observantiæ erga te meæ: Vale. Lutetiæ Parisior. XVIII. XL. Majas 1313 CX LX. ÆGI-
Transcription: Translated (English)
THE GOOD THINGS OF THE EPISTLE. 1. There were also among the ancient philosophers those who held the same opinion. But Lucretius attacked this doctrine at length, after many others, at the beginning of his most learned work. I shall compare the argument with Epicharmus: From this beginning must we take our origin, That nothing is ever begotten from nothing by divine power. I understand the same thing, though Epicharmus said it only in different words: if anything is created by divine power out of nothing, God will be first; but that which is nothing will exist second after God: that is, “after Jupiter, second,” which the physical poet denied, because nothing is more shameful for a natural philosopher than to say that anything comes into being without matter. These are the things which I have noted, not without disgust, in a passage that is not so obscure as it is corrupted. I am accustomed to hate every kind of scribblers; yet, I know not by what fortune, more has slipped in spite of me than I had intended in my mind. In the same way, while I examined the five Greek verses a little more carefully, as many Latin ones presented themselves. I shall not deny that I send you something of this kind with difficulty, you supreme poet, whose ears have been worn smooth by reading the ancient and more elegant poets; yet such miserable and trivial verses are not so great as to deserve polishing. Receive first, however, the Greek lines themselves: Always were the gods present; they never lacked sustenance. They are always alike; they always sustain themselves by their own power. But the first to come forth is said to have been the god CHAOS. How so? Chaos itself is from another. Nothing was first. Nor from this has anything first arisen from nothing; nor is there a second from Jupiter. Then in Latin: They were always gods: nor at any time did they fail. And they are always alike: by their own strength they always sustain themselves. But the first to have existed is said to be the god, CHAOS. What? Chaos itself is from another. Nothing was first. Nor from this has there been a first NOTHING that arose; nor is there a second from Jupiter. I add no more, so that I may have regard for your patience. For I shall be able to set down nothing but what is most ungrateful and most hackneyed and commonplace, deprived as I am of the company of better books, with affairs interrupting more careful diligence. I have resolved to submit everything to your more humane judgment. Delete what you will, condemn what you will; I shall not object. The loss is very small for so slight a work. But if, however, you should order me to prepare what remains, I shall strive to have it, at least in shorter form, as soon as possible; at your wish, I shall not shirk the inglorious labor, and I prefer to risk the appearance of learning rather than to fail in the faithfulness of my respect toward you. Farewell. Paris, May 18, 1313. ÆGI-
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GUDII EPISTOLÆ. ÆGIDIO MENAGIO S. D. Marquardus Gudius. Quæ de Conno Socratis præceptore Musico accuratissime notasti, singuli animum meum voluptate excitatum ad memoriam revocavere Draconis Atheniensis & Metelli Agrigentini. Neque enim obscura nocte involvi debent viri artis suæ præstantissimi, qui Platoni fuerunt, quod Connus Socrati. Desiderabas fundum & auctorem assertionis meæ. Didici ex Plutarcho 1. de Mus. παν γαρ περοεχε τὴ μυσικὴ ἐπιστημὴ Πατων, ἀκυργιζενομ. νο Αγνοεινο ἐν Αγναιν, καὶ Metελιν ἐν Ακραγαντιν. Biantis præcepta, quæ imprimis arridebant, Laertius notavit: ἀγοιστον ἀγεσκι- πασιν εν πολει αικε μενης. Extrema verba corrupta esse omnes animadvertimuse Vir Doctissimus scribendum arbitratur εν πολει ἀ μενης. Quasi vero ἐν αγει alii essent, quam ἐν τὴς πολεως ἀ μενης! Dixerat αγεσκε ἀγοιστον. jamque facile intelligimus iis quam maxime studendum esse, quibuscum in eadem civitate habitamus. quid hac ergo παντωλογία opus est, præsertim in istiusmodi γνώμαι, quæ quam brevissime formari solent? Duæ diversæ non inelegantes sententiæ in unam coaluere librariorum incuria. Distinguendum & mutandum est leviter: ἀγοιστον αγεσκε πισιν. εν πολει αικει μενης. Civibus omnibus placere studeas: In civitate deformata οι afflicta maneas: Πολις αικνης est quæ fortunæ suæ dissimilis aliquando incommodis laborat sese extra s verso offerentibus. Hanc in fortuita calamitate non deserendam esse, sapienter admonuit. Ita enim est ut adversa res acrioribus stimulis animum boni civis explorent. Ipsæ amicos res opima pariunt; adversa probant, inquit P. Syrus. Egregie Cicero: facile dijudicatur amor verus οι fictus, si aliquod incidat ejusmodi tempus, ut quasi aurum igne, sic benevolentia fidelis periculo aliquo perspici possit. Quare ratio maxime apposita, est quam adjunxit Bias huic præcepto: πλεῖσαι γαρ ἐχει χάριν. Verba admodum inertia sunt, si referantur ad istud comma vulgatum: αγοιστον αγεσκε πισιν. namque αγεσκειν nihil aliud est nisi ἐχει χάριν. Sed præsto esse afflictis aut saltem quorum in societate fortunate viximus, eorum non subterfugere infortunia, non se subducere communi sorti, magnam apud omnes gratiam auctoritatemque conciliat. Plenam prudentissimo instituto sententiam ipse Bias exemplo suo illustravit: Destitutam undique oppugnatamque ab Alyatte patriam suam Prienen non deseruit, sed affuit laboranti, imo industria, consilio, sapientia magno applausu medicinam fecit. Hæc omnia veritatem lectionis nostræ facile ostendunt. Pisistrati sapientissima & tanto viro digna epistola est ad Solonem. Exposita tyrannidis & imperii ratione quantum ex occupato imperio lucrifaciat adjungit: καὶ ὑ πέρανον ἐγνὸ ὑν υλεῖνον περοματὸν ἡμὴ τὴς πινής. ἐπια ἐ καὶ πολὴ πεῖν βασιλευστιν ἐν, τὰ ἐμπιτὰ γερα. Duo sunt quæ acquirit. Pisi-
Transcription: Translated (English)
GUDIUS’ LETTERS. To AEGIDIUS MENAGIUS, greetings. Marquardus Gudius. What you noted most accurately concerning Connus, Socrates’ music teacher, brought back to my mind, one by one, the memory of Dragon the Athenian and Metellus of Agrigentum. For men of the highest excellence in their art, who were for Plato what Connus was for Socrates, ought not to be wrapped in obscure darkness. You desired the source and author of my assertion. I learned from Plutarch, On Music 1: [Greek corrupt in source]. [Greek corrupt in source]. The precepts of Bias, which especially pleased me, were noted by Diogenes Laertius: ἀγοιστον ἀγεσκε- πασιν εν πολει αικε μενης. Everyone has observed that the closing words are corrupt. A very learned man thinks it should be written ἐν πολει ἀ μενης. As though there were any other ἐν ἀγεί than ἐν τῆς πόλεως ἀμένης! He had said ἀγεσκε ἀγοιστον. And now we easily understand that we should most of all cultivate those with whom we dwell in the same city. What need, then, is there of this παντολογία, especially in maxims of this kind, which are usually composed as briefly as possible? Through the carelessness of copyists, two different and not inelegant sayings have been fused into one. They must be distinguished and slightly altered: ἀγοιστον ἀγεσκε πισιν. εν πολει αικει μενης. Endeavor to please all your fellow citizens: remain in the city if it is in distress or disgrace. Πολις αικνης is a city which, unlike its own fortune, sometimes suffers hardships when obstacles present themselves from outside. He wisely warned that in such a chance calamity it should not be abandoned. For thus it is that adversity tests the soul of a good citizen with sharper goads. “Prosperous events themselves produce friends; adversity tests them,” says Publius Syrus. Cicero says excellently: genuine or feigned love is easily distinguished if some occasion of that sort occurs, so that, just as gold is tested by fire, so faithful goodwill may be revealed by some danger. Therefore the interpretation which he added to this precept of Bias is most apt: πλεῖσαι γαρ ἐχει χάριν. The words are quite idle if they are referred to that common clause: ἀγοιστον ἀγεσκε πισιν. For ἀγεσκειν is nothing other than ἐχει χάριν. But to stand by those in distress, or at least those with whom we have lived happily in fellowship; not to shirk their misfortunes, not to withdraw from the common lot: this wins great favor and authority among all. Bias himself illustrated the full meaning of this most prudent maxim by his own example: when his fatherland, Priene, was everywhere abandoned and attacked by Alyattes, he did not desert it, but stood by it in its suffering and, indeed, with industry, counsel, and wisdom, brought it healing to great applause. All these things easily show the truth of our reading. There is a most wise letter of Pisistratus, worthy of so great a man, to Solon. After setting forth the nature of tyranny and rule, and how much one may gain from seized power, he adds: καὶ ὑ πέρανον ἐγνὸ ὑν υλεῖνον περοματὸν ἡμὴ τὴς πινής. ἐπια ἐ καὶ πολὴ πεῖν βασιλευστιν ἐν, τὰ ἐμπιτὰ γερα. There are two things which he acquires. Pisi-
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G U D I E P I S T O LÆ. Pisistratus, Honor & stipendium. Sed videtur claudicare membrum poste- rius. Casaubonus si aut tale quid deesse existimat. Frustra! nam leve mendum est in priori. Exigua mutatione juvabimus. Non enim , sed legendum est , obtineo, confero mihi. Hoc ipsum verbum commodissime ducit sequentia, quæ cæteroqui manca & defecta sunt. Ergo totam ita verbo: Et tyrannus ego non sumo mihi amplius aliquid quam dignitatem & honorem; dicta autem & rata stipendia, quanta etiam alii olim reges habuere. Hæc iterum ex tenacibus latibulis ad censuram tuam abire patior majori voluntate quam accuratione, quia præter omnem expectationem meam intel- ligo non ingrata fuisse, quæ superioribus diebus a me missa sunt. Excitasti suffragio tuo igniculos languescentis ingenii. Non disidero applausum orbis literarii, si opellam meam probare tibi potero acerrimo ingeniorum ostimatori, quem omnium, quotquot vivunt hodie, virtute & doctrina longe politissi- mum esse vere mihi videor posse contendere. Salve Vir Maxime & inter admiratores virtutum tuarum me admitte. Lutetiæ Paris. E I D. MAI. CIC IC CLX. L E C T O R I. S. Absolutis jam omnibus, imo quibusdam jam distractis exemplaribus, hæ Aliteræ ab eodem humanissimo Valheberto transmissæ ad nos pervenerunt: ne autem tam elegantes & insigni doctrina referta interirent, eas typis des- cribere & cum orbe literato communicare placuit.
Transcription: Translated (English)
G U D I E P I S T O LÆ. Pisistratus, honor and stipend. But the latter member seems to be limping. Casaubon thinks that si or something like it is missing. In vain! for the fault is slight in the former. A small change will help us. It is not “for,” but it must be read: “I obtain, I confer upon myself.” This very word most suitably leads on to what follows, which is otherwise defective and incomplete. Therefore the whole should be thus expressed in one word: “And I, the tyrant, do not take to myself anything more than rank and honor; and the fixed and established stipends, such as other kings also once had.” I allow these things again to go forth from their hidden retreats to your criticism with more willingness than accuracy, because, contrary to all my expectation, I perceive that what I sent a few days ago has not been unwelcome. By your vote you have kindled the dying sparks of my genius. I do not desire the applause of the learned world, if I can prove my little work acceptable to you, the keenest judge of intellects, whom, of all who live today, I truly seem able to maintain is by far the most polished in virtue and learning. Farewell, most excellent sir, and admit me among the admirers of your virtues. Paris, May 15, 1660. L E C T O R I. S. Now that everything has already been completed, indeed some copies even already distributed, these letters, transmitted to us by the same most courteous Valhebertus, have come to hand. So that they might not perish, being so elegant and filled with remarkable learning, it was decided to have them printed and communicate them to the learned world.
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Pag. 1 MARQUARDI GUDII ET DOCTORUM VIRORUM ADEUNDEM EPISTOLAE. EPISTOLAI AEGIDIOMENAGIO Marquardus Gudius S. D. DE Theophrasti libellis quæ privatim notavimus, valde tenuia & tanti non sunt, ut post uberrimam aliorum messem in tabulas referri mereantur. Alterutrum , sive intelligebat Scholiastes Theocriti ad Eid. I V. ubi ex Theophrasto infandum scelus Glaucae Chia refert: . Sed ne quid te celem quod est ex sententia animi mei, mihi valde videtur verisimile unum eundemque fuisse ita citatur: quod nosti Meursium non observasse) alii vocarunt : & hac tamen ratione minime diversum est: quemadmodum libri & , libri & promiscue citantur, nihil vero differunt: ita quem Theophrastus libellum conscripserat, alii appellare maluerunt, nullo rei ipsius discrimine. Diversitas citationis non cautum satis Laertium potuit inducere, ut duos diversos nobis libellos recitaret, quod alias ei accidisse jam viris doctis observatum est. Idem Scholiastes ad I. Theocr. V. I I 5. laudat Theophrasti & Sopatri librum , quem non puto alium fuisse ab illo . Librum , tradit Athenæus lib. VIII. etiam Chamæleonti adscribi: ejusdem præterea meminit lib. VI. Egregium , ut aliquid adjiciam, quod viris doctissimis neglectum est, meretur. , Athenæol. VIII. c. I 6. Sed similiter post Harpocrationem Phavorinus ejus operis citavit in
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Pag. 1 MARQUARDI GUDII AND TO MEN OF LEARNING LETTERS TO EGI DIOMENAGIO Marquardus Gudius, greetings. On the little works of Theophrastus, which I have noted privately, I have very little to say, and they are not of such importance that, after the very rich harvest gathered by others, they deserve to be entered into the records. Either the scholiast on Theocritus, at Idyl. IV, where he relates from Theophrastus the abominable crime of Glauce of Chios, meant the same work—though, as you know, Meursius did not observe this—or they called it something else; and yet in this way it is by no means different: just as books and books are cited indiscriminately, though they do not differ at all, so the little work which Theophrastus had composed others preferred to call by another name, without any difference in the thing itself. The diversity of citation may have led Laërtius, not careful enough, to present to us two different little works, which, as learned men have already observed, has happened to him elsewhere as well. The same scholiast on Theocr. I. V. 115 praises a book of Theophrastus and Sopater, which I do not think was other than that one. Athenæus, book VIII, also says that the book is attributed to Chamaeleon; he mentions the same work besides in book VI. An excellent point, to add something, which has been overlooked by the most learned men, deserves mention. Athenæol. VIII, ch. 16. But similarly, after Harpocration, Phavorinus cited that work in
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. in & , uti quartum in . Decimum præter Pollucem laudant Athenæus l. x. c. 2. & Harpocration . Undecimum Harpocration . Tertium decimum idem . Sextum decimum. Idem & . Octavum decimum idem . Duplex opus , quod perperam librarii veteres in unum cogeant, generali nomine Apollonius Hist. Mir. 16, 29. vocavit. Possent ex Apollonio, Harpocratione & aliis argumenta produci, quæ opinionem Meursii, & in Nicandri Scholiaste lectionem vulgatam confirmarent. Sed hoc disputare, leve & ludicrum est. Quæ restant in hoc catalogo, absolvam alias. Hæc scribebam molestis quibuldam impeditus negotiis, quibus manum nulla ratione poteram subducere. Et profecto minutiarum satis est, quas viris doctis potius neglectas, quam non observatas esse censeo. Salve Vir Clarissime. Lutetiæ Paris. Prid. Eid. Jan. M. 10C. Lxi. EPISTOLA II. AEGIDI O MENAGIO Marquardus Gudius. S. D. Pollux & Eunapius ad te revertuntur: quicquid ex illis lucrificerim, beneficio tuo acceptum refero: Sed inprimis Eunapii causa mirifica est. Non sperabam, quod præstitisti propemodum maturius quam promiseras. O incomparabilem bonitatem tuam, quæ studiorum nostrorum vota maximo conatu prævertit, ut me beares ex improviso. Expectas quem fructum ceperim ex diligentia viri doctissimi, amici nostri. Debebam fortasse , ne viderer elevare operam admodum præstabilem. Sed culpa non est in labore, quem singulari accuratione atque industria suscepit Galliæ vestræ decus illud certissimum. Narro tibi, credebam fore, ut ex illo Medicæo codice, cujus vetustatem maximam Lucas Holstenius V. CL. magnopere commendaverat, quicquid in Eunapio desiderarem, aut emendari, aut utcunque suppleri posset. Vide nunc, quam me spes frustretur. Nihil reperio, quod non aut nobis aut aliis observatum sit. Nam Hieronymus Commelinus ex Palatinis meliorem partem illarum emendationum textui iam dudum reddidit. Ea editio in luce atque aspectu omnium versatur, & longe integrior est primis illis turbidis curis Hadr. Junii: tamen post Commelinum adhuc multa, & fortasse potiora revocavi ex recentioribus quibusdam manu exaratis codicibus. Unus est in Bibliotheca Regia: alter olim fuit Card. Lotharingii, quem Remis excussimus in Abbatia St. Remigii. Ex tertio Eminentissimi Card. Barberini variantes lectiones manu L. Holstenii descriptas habeo. Omnia, quæ Florentinus codex sive bona, sive mala suppeditat, jam notaveram ex iis tribus libris, ut propemodum ex eodem fonte promanasse videantur. Interea, Menagi præstantissime, tuæ me multum debere benevolentiæ profiteor: etiamsi nihil aut parum profacerit, nihil detrahetur pretio pulcherrimi laboris; ita vivam, non peribit vobis illa singularis honestissimis conatibus meis favendi. Utinam Emericus Bigotius intelligeret, quam ardenti studio memoriam ser-
Transcription: Translated (English)
M. GUDIUS TO THE EPISTLES. in & , as the fourth in . The tenth besides Pollux is praised by Athenaeus l. x. c. 2. & Harpocration. The eleventh by Harpocration . The thirteenth the same. The sixteenth. The same & . The eighteenth the same. A double work, which the old copyists wrongly combine into one, Apollonius called by the general title Hist. Mir. 16, 29. It would be possible from Apollonius, Harpocration, and others to produce arguments which would confirm the opinion of Meursius, and the common reading in the Scholiast on Nicander. But to dispute this is trivial and frivolous. I shall finish elsewhere what remains in this catalogue. I was writing this while hindered by certain troublesome business, from which I could in no way withdraw my hand. And indeed there is enough of trifles, which I think learned men should rather have neglected than not observed. Farewell, most distinguished Sir. At Paris, the day before the Ides of January, 1661. EPISTLE II. TO AEGIDIUS MENAGE Marquard Gudius, greetings. Pollux and Eunapius are coming back to you: whatever I have gained from them I attribute to your kindness. But above all, the case of Eunapius is remarkable. I had not hoped for what you have accomplished, almost sooner than you had promised. O incomparable goodness of yours, which anticipates the wishes of our studies with the greatest effort, so that you may enrich me unexpectedly. You are waiting to hear what fruit I have obtained from the diligence of that most learned man, our friend. I was perhaps obliged, lest I should seem to diminish work of the highest merit. But the fault is not in the labor, which that certain ornament of France undertook with singular care and industry. I tell you, I believed it would be that from that Medicean manuscript, whose extreme antiquity Lucas Holstenius, that most distinguished man, had greatly praised, whatever in Eunapius I desired might either be corrected or somehow supplied. See now how my hope is disappointed. I find nothing that has not already been noted either by us or by others. For Hieronymus Commelinus, from the Palatine manuscripts, long ago restored to the text the better part of those emendations. That edition is now in the light and before the eyes of all, and is far more complete than the first confused labors of Hadr. Junius; nevertheless after Commelinus I have still recovered many, and perhaps more valuable readings, from certain more recent manuscripts written by hand. One is in the Royal Library; another was once that of Card. Lotharingius, which we examined at Reims in the Abbey of St. Remigius. From a third, that of the most eminent Card. Barberini, I have variants copied by the hand of L. Holstenius. Everything which the Florentine manuscript supplies, whether good or bad, I had already noted from those three books, so that they seem to have flowed almost from the same source. Meanwhile, most excellent Menagius, I acknowledge that I owe much to your goodwill; even if it has achieved nothing or little, nothing will be taken away from the value of the most beautiful work; so may I live, that singular favor of supporting my most honorable efforts will not be lost to you. If only Emericus Bigotius understood with what ardent zeal the memory of preserving-
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Transcription: ATR-1
M. GUDI I EPISTOLA. 3 servem virtutum ejus maximarum, quibus nos in Germania mirum in modum ca- piebat. Ex eo tempore semper animæ tam sublimis amicitiam in felicitatis meæ maxima parte posui. Sed ornatissimo viro propediem illustrius pietatis meæ testimonium dabo. Salve, Menagi sapientissime, & me ama. Lutetiæ Paris a. d. VIII. Kal. Mart. CIO D CLXI. EPISTOLA III NICOLAO HEINSIO, Marquardus Gudius. S. D. Accipis libellum, cujus mentionem feci. Unum exemplum ad te defero, amicum primarium & incomparabilem, mearum grande decus columnenque rerum. Rogo autem te, velis curam suscipere, ut amicis nostris, quorum nomina adscripsi, cætera exemplaria quam primum tradantur. Nihil mihi gra- tius facere poteris. Si tenuitatem operis aversamini, pietatem meam intelligite, qua benevolentiam vestram demereri studeo. Una est vitæ meæ voluptas me- ritorum vestrorum memoria: in amicitiis tam illustribus vivere & mori cu- pio. Vale, vir sapientissime, & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisior. prid. Kal. Martius CIO CLXI. EPISTOLA IV. MARQUARDUS GUDIUS Camillo Peregrinio. V. CL. S. D. Non commodo satis tabellarius, tamen longe jucundissimum est, quod utram- que epistolam tuam uno eodemque tempore reddiderit: nam prioris magno meo cum dolore jacturam videbat fecisse: alterius nulla expectatio fuit. Noli quærere, quam mihi probaveris tam singulare officium tuum. Non vivam, si quidquam est rerum mortalium, quod majori me voluptate perfuderit. Munus tuum pretiosius est, quam vulgus credat, & profecto egregio consilio in conser- vandis ejusmodi monumentorum reliquiis operam feliciter collocasti: accuratio- nem laude mea majorem admiror, tuamque de literis bene merendi immensam ala- critatem in coelum extollo. Utinam Italia ex meo sensu pretium poneret ingenio tuo! nunc quod omni destituta patrocinio virtus & doctrina injuriis petulantissi- morum hominum exponatur, quod immortalium in patriam meritorum tuorum ratio non habeatur, ea vero ætatis infamia parum abest, quin mœrore & cru- ciatu me conficiat. Cæterum quia rebus tuis ex hac animi mei ægritudine parum asterri video solatii, si quid putas a nobis in minuendæ spem molestiæ proficisci posse, rogo te atque obtestor, aliquam velis viam detegere, ut re potius quam ver- bis incommodo tuo medeamur. Ostendebas Capuæ inter alios urbis vestræ vetu- stos lapides, Inscriptionem satis prolixam, in poste ædium privatarum, quam, quia nobis e vestigio liberaliter pollicebare, non descriptumus; quare a te peto, ho- minibus A 2
Transcription: Translated (English)
M. GUDI I EPISTOLA. 3 the servant of his greatest virtues, by which he won us over in Germany in a marvelous way. From that time on I have always placed the friendship of so exalted a soul among the greatest blessings of my life. But I shall soon give the most distinguished man a still clearer testimony of my devotion. Farewell, most wise Menagius, and love me. At Paris, on the eighth day before the Kalends of March, 1661. EPISTOLA III TO NICOLAUS HEINSIUS, Marquardus Gudius sends greetings. You receive the little book of which I spoke. I bring one copy to you, my foremost and incomparable friend, the great glory and pillar of my affairs. I ask you, however, to take care that the remaining copies are handed over as soon as possible to our friends whose names I have written down. You can do nothing more agreeable to me. If you disdain the slightness of the work, understand my devotion, by which I strive to win your favor. The one pleasure of my life is the memory of your merits; I long to live and die in such distinguished friendships. Farewell, most wise man, and love me. At Paris, on the day before the Kalends of March, 1661. EPISTOLA IV MARQUARDUS GUDIUS to Camillo Peregrini. V. CL. sends greetings. The courier is not entirely suitable, yet it is far more pleasing that he delivered both your letters at one and the same time: for I saw that the first had been lost to my great sorrow; no expectation had arisen of the second. Do not ask how greatly you have pleased me by such an exceptional act of kindness. I shall not be living if there is anything mortal that has filled me with greater joy. Your gift is more precious than the common run of people believe, and indeed you have happily devoted your efforts, by an excellent plan, to preserving the remains of such memorials: I admire your care, greater than my praise, and I lift to heaven your immense eagerness to earn well of letters. Would that Italy might set a value on your genius as I do! Now, when virtue and learning, deprived of all patronage, are exposed to the insults of the most arrogant men, when no account is taken of your immortal services to your country, that disgrace of the age is scarcely short of overwhelming me with sorrow and anguish. Moreover, since I see little consolation for your affairs from this grief of my mind, if you think that anything on my part can help lessen the trouble, I ask and implore you to be willing to discover some way, so that we may remedy your difficulty by deeds rather than words. You had shown at Capua, among the other ancient stones of your city, a rather lengthy inscription on the doorway of a private house, which, because you had generously promised it to us on the spot, we did not copy; therefore I ask you, gentlemen... A 2
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Transcription: ATR-1
4 M. GUDII EPISTOLÆ. minibus amicissimis hanc pergas operam præstare, ut quidquid est illius monumenti ad nos, quod commodo tuo fiat, quamprimum transmittatur. Gratissimum foret, si quædam alia ejusdem argumenti accederent, sed comitate & patientia tua abuti non debeo. Nos ex hac urbe proficisci Florentiam constituimus initio mensis sequentis. Romanum Amphitheatrum magna cum cura inspeximus, sed in eo passim manifesta & certissima vestigia reperiuntur lapideorum graduum, quos fama est olim marmore coopertos fuisse. Si quid ergo suspicari liceat, in vestra illa marmorea & magnificentissima mole gradus potius marmorei quam lignei fuere: Sed id quicquid fuit marmoris, quia minori labore a tanto corpore amoveri poterat, ingruente barbarie & spectaculorum contemtu, confestim in alios usus translatum fuisse existimo. Non satis perspicio quædam verba in collectione illa inscriptionum tuarum, nescio an oculi me fallant. Lapis est positus M. CAMPANIO etius extreamas lineas apponam: TRIB. COH. PR. HEMESEN PRAEF. COH. III. BREVCOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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Transcription: Translated (English)
4. The letters of Gudius. Through our very friendly office, please continue to render this service: that whatever there is of that monument, insofar as it may be convenient for you, may be sent to us as soon as possible. It would be most welcome if some other things on the same subject were added, but I ought not to abuse your kindness and patience. We have decided to depart from this city for Florence at the beginning of the next month. We inspected the Roman Amphitheatre with great care, but in it there are everywhere evident and absolutely certain traces of stone steps, which, it is said, were once covered with marble. If, therefore, one may hazard a conjecture, in your marble and most magnificent structure those steps were rather marble than wooden: but whatever there was of marble in it, since it could be removed from so great a mass with less labor, I think that, when barbarism and contempt for spectacles set in, it was at once diverted to other uses. I cannot make out certain words in that collection of your inscriptions; I do not know whether my eyes are deceiving me. The stone is set down as M. CAMPANIO; to its last lines I shall add: TRIB. COH. PR. HEMESEN PRAEF. COH. III. BREVCOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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bub_gb_jMbCHGWpQWYC-page-037.png
Transcription: ATR-1
M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. 5 tuis in seriniis detines, publice legantur. Hæc candide & libenter enuncio, ut terrorem tibi incutiam, nisi matures editionem. Adjungo catalogum libro- rum quorundam, quos vellem Florentiam mittere. Ipse nobis in hoc negotio operam tuam pollicebare, ideoque etiam atque etiam a te peto, velis, quam- primum fieri poterit, libertatem libris nostris impetrare. Sed prius quam ad inquisitorem deferatur, opus est, quod absque incommodo tuo fiat, ut indicem ipse perlegas, & si quid occurrat, quod forte posset offendere, audacter deleas. Nihil nobis gratius facere poteris. Vale, vir doctissime & me ama. Romæ. prid. KAL. Julias Cl[arissim]i D[omi]n[um] L[ingvarum] L[inguarum] XII. EPISTOLA VI. EZECHIELI SPANHEMIO Marquardus Gudius. S. D. Non credas quam mihi molestum acciderit, quod paullo tardius in manus meas pervenerint tuæ litteræ, quibus videris voluntatis erga te meæ vo- luisse periculum facere. Ego vero gatdio exultarem: diuque nihil velim li- bentius quam tuæ in spem gratiæ quidquam præstare, quod egregiæ tuæ benevo- lentiæ respondeat. Doleo tamen, quod eam quam ostendis officii mei declarandi occasionem, ingratis cogar e munibus dimittere. Ea est angustia temporis, ut cir- cumspicienti mihi non occurrat, qua potissimum via, quod petis, queam tuto cura- re, jamque ad vos tabellarius discessum parat, & vix tres horæ sunt, quod tuas mihi reddiderint [n]o[n] in [n]o[n] [ph]r[ati]o[n]es [con]sv[er]t[ati]o[n]es. Interea temporis mercatorem domi non offendo. Quicquid nobis rationum cum illo homine intercedebat, sub- ductis calculus nuperrime confecimus; itaque dissolutis, quas debebat, pecuniis nihil tenetur ulterius: tamen credo, si nobis quærentibus fuisset obvius, non de- negasset operam. Neapoli neminem novimus, qui mei contubernalis sponsioni fi- dem tribueret. Sed spero nihil necesse esse amplius laborare de resarciendo damno tuo, quod Deo Opt. Max. curæ fuerit avertisse; credo potius incolu- mem superasse te difficultates minasque infestorum itinerum. Dii viarum præ- sides, quibus pro salute tua votum feci, a perditissimorum hominum petulantia tutum te præstabunt. [Ph]r[ati]o[n]es [n]o[n] [ph]r[ati]o[n]es [con]sv[er]t[ati]o[n]es [ph]r[ati]o[n]is. Sed quorsum hæc [Ph]ilosop[h]i[ca] [con]f[er]ri[ti]o[n]e [ph]r[ati]o [n]o[n] [con]sv[er]t[ati]o[n]is, [con]sv[er]t[ati]o[n]is [ph]r[ati]o[n]is. Ego omnia de te satis fausta & prospera auguror: tamen si quid in itinere præter omnem opinionem ex transverlo evenerit, quod ope nostra putes corrigi aut emendari posse, quic- quid in manu mea est auxilii, quod perexiguum esse sentio, tuis commodis conferre non detrectabo, ut intelligas minime perisse tibi fiduciam, quam de mea singulari in te pietate concepisti. Vale, Doctissime Spanhemi. Contu- bernalis meus te officiosissime salutat. Scribebam pede stans in uno. Romæ Cl[arissim]i D[omi]n[um] L[ingvarum] L[inguarum] IV. EID. SEPT. A 3 EPI-
Transcription: Translated (English)
M. Gudius, Epistles. 5 Keep yours in reserve; let them be publicly read. I announce this candidly and willingly, so as to strike fear into you, unless you hasten the publication. I add a catalogue of certain books, which I should like to send to Florence. You yourself had promised us your assistance in this matter, and therefore I beg you again and again to procure, as soon as possible, freedom for our books. But before it is handed over to the inquisitor, it is necessary, if it can be done without inconvenience to you, that you yourself read through the list, and if anything occurs that might perhaps give offense, boldly delete it. You could do nothing more agreeable for us. Farewell, most learned sir, and love me. At Rome, the day before the Kalends of July, of the most illustrious Lord of Languages, XII. EPISTLE VI. TO EZECHIEL SPANHEIMIUS Marquard Gudius sends greetings. Do not think how troublesome it was to me that your letter reached my hands somewhat late, by which you seemed to wish to test my goodwill toward you. Indeed, I would rejoice; and for a long time I would desire nothing more gladly than to do something in hopes of your favor that might correspond to your excellent benevolence. Yet I am grieved that I am forced, to my regret, to let slip the opportunity you present for showing my duty. The pressure of time is such that, as I consider matters, no way occurs to me by which I can safely manage what you ask; and now the messenger is preparing to depart for you, and scarcely three hours have passed since they brought me your [n]o[n] [ph]r[ati]o[n]es [con]sv[er]t[ati]o[n]es. Meanwhile, I do not find the merchant at home. Whatever accounts there were between us and that man, we lately settled by a reckoning; and so, the money that he owed having been paid, nothing further remains due. Still, I believe that if he had been available when we were looking for him, he would not have refused to help. At Naples we know no one who would credit the promise of my fellow lodger. But I hope there is no need to labor further over repairing your loss, which God, the Best and Greatest, has taken care to avert; I rather believe that you, safe and sound, have overcome the difficulties and threats of hostile journeys. The gods who preside over roads, to whose protection I made a vow for your safety, will keep you safe from the insolence of utterly wicked men. [Ph]r[ati]o[n]es [n]o[n] [ph]r[ati]o[n]es [con]sv[er]t[ati]o[n]es [ph]r[ati]o[n]is. But why this [Ph]ilosop[h]i[ca] [con]f[er]ri[ti]o[n]e [ph]r[ati]o[n]o[n] [con]sv[er]t[ati]o[n]es, [con]sv[er]t[ati]o[n]es [ph]r[ati]o[n]is? I foretell everything about you as sufficiently fortunate and prosperous; yet if anything should happen on the journey, contrary to all expectation, from some unexpected quarter, which you think might be corrected or amended by our help, whatever assistance is in my power, though I feel it is very small, I shall not hesitate to devote to your convenience, so that you may understand that the confidence you conceived in my singular devotion to you has by no means been misplaced. Farewell, most learned Spanhemius. My fellow lodger greets you most respectfully. I was writing, standing on one foot. At Rome, the most illustrious Lord of Languages, IV, on the Ides of September. A 3 EPI-
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M. GUDII EPISTOLÆ. EPISTOLA VII. NICOLAO HEINSIO Marquardus Gudius. S. P. D. Sperabam propediem itinerum nostrorum, aliarumque ex locorum opportunitate nascentium occupationum æstu composito, aliqua cum tranquillitate in quandam veluti æseqviosolui incidere, ut omnibus de rebus, quas ex hac mea profectione tibi potissimum arbitrarer aut usu, aut voluptati fore, animo soluto integram fabulam copiosius diligentiusque in sinum tuum effunderem. Hæc vero in urbe an ex voto vacare tam jucundo officio possum, libenter tuo sensui & judicio permittam: plurimis enim circumseptus angustiis in mira quadam discessus maturandi necessitate, quicquid temporis ex itinere decedere patior, quod pace tua dictum velim, non existimo rectius, quam aut urbis genio, aut quod primo loco ponere debueram, Optimi Maximique Ducis nunquam satis laudato impendi impendi. Hoc te non fugit, Heinsi amplissime, quem novimus loci sanctoribus illecebris longissimo tempore pertinaciter inhæsisse, & propterea qui conatibus meis faves, præsentiumque rerum occasionem optime omnium intelligis, adhuc differendæ paululum scriptionis veniam non opinor negares: tamen, quod mei agnosco officii pridem fuisse, posteaquam mearum quarundam rerum expectatione trahi te atque impediri, summo cum dolore animi mone- rer, temperare mihi non potui, quin si minus, quemadmodum volebam, pro- lixe, tuo saltem desiderio aliqua ex parte satisfacerem. Bituricensis itineris noli magnos successus expectare; nescio quid omni mea contentione præstiterim, & fortasse nimis singulari spe prosiciscebar: tamen tuum est decernere, an, quod mi- hi quidem videtur, o potior , bonus ille Biturix fumos nobis vendiderit: nam cum maximam adhibere me diligentiam videret, ut quas penes se aut alios latere tibi adfirmarat, Cujacianas collationes quocunque modo consulerem; ibi ille confundistatim, aliaque omnia proferre, & de quibus quæ- rebam maxime, ille maxime subterfugere. Gellii Cujaciani ne meminisse qui- dem se ajebat: Valerium Maximum manu Cujacii ad fidem antiqui libri casti- gatum Lutetæ adservari: Claudianum cum quibusdam aliis Cujacii libris Aure- lias migrasse: in toto oppido nullum ejus poetae calamo exaratum codicem ex- tare. De ceteris nihil mihi videre contigit, nisi vulgata quædam aut admodum tenuia: tamen tuæ expectationi mirum in modum gestiebam aliquaratione ope- ram meam probare. Itaque, quem præcipue quæsitum accesseram, Claudianum fu- gientem persequi & sulpenso itinerum nostrorum cursu retro pedem referre tædio non fuit; quid putas, Amice magne? Aurelias reversus quem magnæ feli- citatis duxissem potuisse inspicere, libellum illum editionis Ilungrinianæ pretio precibusque homini extorquebam; velim tamen parce gaudeas. Superum vo- luntas favit, sed fato invido; non dubium quidem est, quin liber olim fuerit Cu- jacii, tamen quæ margini sunt additæ lectiones, ex litterarum ductu & forma negant,
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Of Mr. Gudius’s Letters. Letter VII. To Nicolaus Heinsius Marquardus Gudius sends greeting. I had hoped that in due time, when the heat of our journeys and of the other occupations arising from the convenience of places had subsided, I might, with some tranquillity, come upon a kind of leisure, so that I could pour into your lap, with a free mind, the whole story at greater length and with greater care concerning all those matters which I judged would from this my journey be especially useful or pleasant to you. Whether, however, in this city I can, as I had wished, be free for so agreeable a duty, I shall gladly leave to your own sense and judgment; for, being surrounded by very many difficulties and by a strange necessity of hastening my departure, whatever time I am able to spare from the journey I do not think can be better bestowed, if I may say so without offence, than either upon the spirit of the city, or—what I ought to have placed first—upon the never sufficiently praised service of the Best and Greatest Duke. This has not escaped you, most distinguished Heinsius, whom we know to have clung persistently for a very long time to the more sacred attractions of the place; and therefore, you who favor my undertakings and understand best of all the opportunity of present circumstances, I do not think would refuse me leave to delay my writing a little longer. Yet, since I recognize that it has long been my duty, after I was informed with deepest sorrow that you were being held back and hindered by expectation of certain affairs of mine, I could not restrain myself from at least, if not as fully as I wished, still in some measure satisfying your desire. Do not expect great success from the journey to Bourges; I know not what I may have accomplished by all my effort, and perhaps I set out with too singular a hope. Yet it is for you to decide whether the good man of Bourges, as it seems to me, may have sold us smoke: for when he saw that I was applying the greatest diligence, in order to procure by whatever means the Cujacian collations which he had assured you were hidden with him or with others, he at once became confused and brought forward other things, while, especially in the matters I was asking about, he especially kept slipping away. He said that he did not even remember the Cujacian copy of Gellius; that a Valerius Maximus, corrected by the hand of Cujas from an ancient book, is preserved at Paris; that Claudian, together with certain other books of Cujas, had been moved to Orléans; and that in the whole town there was no manuscript of that poet’s hand to be found. Of the rest I was able to see nothing except certain common or very meager items; yet I was eager in a wonderful way to prove my usefulness to your expectations by some means. So, when I had gone there chiefly in search of Claudian, and did not shrink from pursuing the fugitive and, with the slowed pace of our journey, turning back on my steps, what do you think, my dear friend? On returning to Orléans, where I had thought myself highly fortunate to be able to inspect it, I was extorting from the man, by both price and entreaties, that little book of the Hungrinian edition; still, I would have you rejoice sparingly. The will of heaven was favorable, but envious fate otherwise. There is no doubt indeed that the book had once belonged to Cujas; yet the readings added in the margin, by the character and form of the letters, deny it,
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M. G U D I I E P I S T O LÆ. 7 negant, eas nôv nôrvu scripsisse: mihi quidem non videntur talis viri inq[u]is inq[u]isbeas præ se ferre: neque enim omnes, quod fieri intererat, sed paucas scripti alicujus, & fortasse Cujaciani, codicis diversitates exiguo dilectu [n]o[n] deivæ excerpsit; quid de iis statuendum sit, primo intuitu videbis: in quibus, quanquam propemodum nihil diligentiæ tuæ superesse intelligam, quod aut suavissimo Poetæ queat prodesse, aut curas tuas ornatiores efficere, tamen ne propterea secundæ editioni manum diutius subtrahas, mitto omnia & fidem meam libero: tuus est ipse liber, tibique servabitur & oblata occasione, quocunque jusseris, ad te deferetur; interea ne judicio tuo importunus intercederem, curæ mihi fuit in notulis transcribendis nihil aut mutare aut omittere. Optarim meliora conferre proposito tuo, & jam diu tuis succurrenti laudatissimis laboribus incredibili cupiditate ardeo. Sed nihil necesse est meorum conatuum rationem explicare: quid enim ego me ostentem, qui si vitam tuis commodis impendam, nullam partem confitear meritorum tuo- rum dissolvi. Non tardabo statim atque ex his fluctibus aliquem me in por- tum recepero, alia nonnulla submittere, quæ meam in mandatis tuis perficiendis fidem atque industriam testentur, ut fructus aliquis peregrinationis meæ in te præcipuum auctorem redundet. Nasoni tuo inprimis mirifice saveo & omnia cupio præstare; quis autem non cupiat ingeniosissimo poetarum? tui præsertim causa ne minimam quidem aliquid in eum conferendi occasionem prætermisce- rim: tamen me ab omni conatu propemodum deterruisti secundis curis, quas tuo nomine mihi reddidit Carolus Datus Vir inlustris tuique amantissimus. Nisi nobis divina quadam virgula moneri contingat, vehementer dubitem, an hodie membranæ queant reperiri præstantiores iis, quibus te ostendis usum fuisse. De- beo interim comitati tuæ, & gratissimum munus quotidie in oculis fero: non credas quam singulari me voluptate adsiciat: ubique nitent in laboribus tuis in- termixtæ purissimo auro gemmæ pretiosissimæ. Sed nimis liberali manu thesauros dispensas: non contentus Nasoni admirabilem medicinam fecisse, innumeros omnis generis optimorum auctorum, aut intactos aliis, aut desperatos locos pari so- lertia restituis. Dicas mihi, quo tandem artificio tot potuerint tam parvo libello comprehendi. Ex tribus paginis tuarum notarum Salmuriensis ma- gister sexcentas epistolas consueret. Nosti hominis parum abfuit superiori anno, quin nimia sua loquacitate me funditus perdidisset; & jam mei me pudebat; quid enim? Semper ego, inquam, auditor tantum? illico reposui versiculos lepidissimi poetæ: Quis Deus tibi non bene advocatus Vecordem parat excitare rixam? Anne ut pervenias in ora vulgi? Hinc plenis velis in malignæ suspicionistemeritatem invectus, quibus potui, ver- bis durioribus rationem cæpi exigere atrocis & barbari facinoris, quo venerandi Parentis tui sanctissimos manes petulanter violavit. Ille se excusare & tandem poe- nitentiam erroris fingere; quid interea constituerit, nescio. Si pergas molestus esse, rogo te silentio dignitatem tuam vindices, & obtractatorem inter cathedras puero-
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M. G U D I I E P I S T O LÆ. 7 deny that they have written these novelties: but to me indeed such men do not seem to bear this appearance; inq[u]is inq[u]isbeas for in truth he has not selected all the variants of some book or other, but only a few, from a codex, and perhaps a Cujacian one, with a small and careful choice; what ought to be determined about them you will see at first glance: concerning which, although I understand that scarcely anything remains for your diligence, that could either profit the very sweet Poet, or make your labors more elegant, nevertheless, lest for that reason you should any longer withhold your hand from the second edition, I send everything and leave my faith free: the book itself is yours, and it will be kept for you and, on the first occasion offered, will be brought to you wherever you order; meanwhile, lest I should intrude upon your judgment unseasonably, it has been my care in transcribing the notes to change or omit nothing. I should wish to contribute better things to your purpose, and I have long burned with an incredible desire to aid your most praiseworthy labors, to which you are already coming to the rescue. But there is no need for me to explain the reasons for my efforts: for why should I make a display of myself, I who, if I spend my life for your convenience, should confess that no part of your merits is thereby discharged. I shall not delay, as soon as I have got through these waves and brought myself into some harbor, to send in addition several other things that may testify to my fidelity and industry in carrying out your commands, so that some fruit of my journey may redound to you, as its principal author. Above all I am wonderfully devoted to your Naso, and I wish to accomplish everything; and who would not wish so for the most ingenious of poets? especially on your account I shall not let pass even the slightest opportunity of contributing anything to him: yet you have almost deterred me from every attempt by the second thoughts which illustrious Carolus Datus, a man most devoted to you, returned to me in your name. Unless it should chance that we are warned by some divine little rod, I should greatly doubt whether today better parchment sheets could be found than those which you show that you have used. I owe meanwhile gratitude to your kindness, and I carry the most welcome gift daily before my eyes: you would not believe with what singular pleasure it affects me: everywhere there shine in your labors most precious gems, intermingled with the purest gold. But you dispense your treasures with too liberal a hand: not content with having performed an admirable cure for Naso, you restore by equal skill countless passages of all kinds of the best authors, either untouched by others or hopelessly corrupt. Tell me, by what art at last so many things could have been contained in so small a booklet. From three pages of your notes the master of Salmurius would stitch together six hundred letters. You know the man: barely did he escape last year from utterly ruining me by his excessive loquacity; and already I was ashamed of myself; for what else? “Shall I always be only a listener?” I said; at once I shot back the verses of a most delightful poet: What god, if not well advised for you, Prepares to stir up a mad quarrel? Or is it that you may arrive in the mouths of the crowd? Then, with full sails, having plunged into the savagery of malicious suspicion, I began, in whatever words I could, more harshly to demand an account of the atrocious and barbarous deed, by which he insolently violated the most sacred shades of your revered Father. He sought to excuse himself and at last to feign repentance for his error; what he has resolved in the meantime, I do not know. If you continue to be troublesome, I ask you to vindicate your dignity with silence, and the slanderer among the chairs, boy-
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8 M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. puerorum plorare jubeas. Satis habet domi, quibuscam pugnet, homo cetero- quin eruditus, sed intemperans & sui confidentior, quam ferri potest: quam sunt inanes ad Phædrum conjecturæ, in quibus nihil sani reperio; misere omnem operam lusit ibi [n]o[n] [con]cæ[ss]us. Si quis mihi fidem non habeat, loquatur Phædrus ipse: ---Materia tanta abundat copia, Labori Faber ut desit, non Fabro labor. Inspice locum, & ridebis præsagientis sibi suavissimi Fabulatoris venustum oraculum; non indigna est [con]i[us] quæ curis Salmuriensibus præfigatur. Hoc inprimis non possum exputare, quo judicio Rigaltianam tertiam editionem typis repeti curaverit. nulla est minoris fidei & probitatis. Rigaltius ibi contra veterum librorum auctoritatem locis paulo corruptioribus, aut plane deletis aut frivole mutatis, suo arbitratu textum turpiter deformavit pessimo exemplo, ut lectori ne minimam quidem rationem audaciæ suæ redderet. Hujusmodi locus est, ut mittam ceteros, initio libri quinti: de quo quæris quid in vetustis membranis habeatur. Remensis eodex omnia retinet, quemadmodum Pithæus & alii eidere. Rigaltio nihil hinc subsidii, & propterea visum est ei, quod sanare non poterat, perdito consilio recidere. Salmasius ad Lampridium irrito conatu hunc in scopulum ruit; tutius suisset [con]i[us] , & non recordor an in Solinianis exercitationibus meliora adferat. Ejus loci diu est quod veterem & veram lectionem invenisse me putem, eamque propediem paulo majori otio non verebor sagacissimo tuo judicio subjicere. Sed ceteras meas ad elegantissimum auctorem tumultuarias observationes, quia bellissima occasio est, quidni libenter te suadente cupiam in lucem proferre? Si me rogas, injuriam mihi facis, an neseis quid in meas res juris habeas? CL. Scheffero quidquid jusseris, animo libens præstabo, tamen quod meam voluptatem malo fato impediri sentiam, auctor non ero Viro doctissimo, ut longa expectatione paucarum emendationum optimi scriptoris salutem trahat; tanti non sunt, ut melioribus beneficiis bonum publicum fraudare debeant. Remensium membranarum excerpta nihil propemodum differunt a vulgatis Pithæani libri lectionibus: quare frustra ad vos mitterentur. Remis tamen fateor animavit me haud parum præsens eodex, viamque ingenio fecit. Scilicet ex diligenti vetustiorum litterarum inspectione supra spem & vota accendebar; ex eo tempore conjecturas meas tantum abest ut augere, ut ne relegere quidem licuerit, quarum alia tribus verbis intelliguntur, alia paulo majorem curam & lucem exigunt, ne maligno aut parum exercitato lectori negotium facessant. Hoc non inficior paucis diebus præstari posse, sed conscientiam tuam appello, an probes, ut his in locis notarum leviorum scriptioni vacem, & interea temporis brevissimam optimarum rerum occasionem e manibus elabi sinam. Soles occidere & redire possunt: Sed hæc messis propediem finienda quando nobis redibit? Igitur omnium horarum momentis invigilo, operam postea daturus, ut quem laboris fructum fecerim litterarum bono appareat. Ut taceam, quid operæ in transcribendis aut conferendis auctoribus quibusdam posuerim, non apud te gaudium meum simulare debeo, quod veteres satis multos bonæ fidei codices liberalibus re-
Transcription: Translated (English)
You order me to make the boys cry. A man who is otherwise learned, but intemperate and more self-confident than can be endured, has enough at home to contend with; as for those empty conjectures about Phaedrus, in which I find nothing sound, he has there miserably played away all his labor [n]o[n] [con]cæ[ss]us. If anyone does not trust me, let Phaedrus himself speak: ---The subject abounds with such plenty, That the craftsman’s labor is lacking, not labor for the craftsman. Examine the passage, and you will laugh at the charming oracle of the sweetest tale-teller, foretelling itself; it is not unworthy [con]i[us] to be prefixed to the Salmurian studies. This above all I cannot make out: by what judgment he caused the third Rigaltius edition to be reprinted. It is of no small want of faith and probity. Rigaltius there, contrary to the authority of the ancient books, in passages somewhat corrupted, or wholly erased, or frivolously altered, has shamefully disfigured the text at his own discretion, to the worst example, so that he gave the reader not the slightest account of his audacity. Such a passage is, to pass over the rest, at the beginning of the fifth book: concerning which you ask what is contained in the old manuscripts. The Reims codex preserves everything, as Pithaeus and others note. Rigaltius has no help from this, and therefore it seemed to him that what he could not heal must be cut out by a ruinous decision. Salmasius, in his commentary on Lampridius, rushed upon this rock in a vain attempt; it would have been safer [con]i[us], and I do not remember whether he brings better things in the Solinian exercises. It is long since I have thought that I have found the ancient and true reading of that passage, and I shall soon, with somewhat more leisure, not shrink from submitting it to your most sagacious judgment. But my other hasty observations on that most elegant author, since there is a very fine opportunity, why should I not gladly wish, at your urging, to bring them to light? If you ask me, you do me an injury; or do you not know what right you have in my affairs? Whatever you order for CL. Scheffer, I shall gladly carry out with all my heart; yet since I feel that my pleasure is being hindered by ill fortune, I shall not be the one to authorize it. For a most learned man to drag on, through long expectation, the salvation of a few emendations of the best writer—these are not so great that they ought to deprive the public good of better benefits. The excerpts from the Reims manuscripts scarcely differ at all from the published readings of Pithaeus’ book; therefore they would be sent to you in vain. At Reims, however, I confess, the present codex stirred me greatly and opened a path for my ingenuity. Indeed, from a diligent inspection of older letters I was kindled beyond hope and desire; since that time I have been so far from being able to enlarge my conjectures that I have not even been allowed to reread them, some of which are understood in three words, others require somewhat more care and clarity, lest they cause trouble for a malicious or not very practiced reader. I do not deny that this can be done in a few days, but I appeal to your conscience whether you approve my devoting myself to writing down these lighter notes in such places, and meanwhile allowing the very brief opportunity for the best things to slip from my hands. The suns can set and return: but when will this harvest, soon to be finished, return to us? Therefore I keep watch at every hour, intending afterward to apply myself so that the fruit of my labor may appear for the good of letters. To say nothing of the effort I have spent in transcribing or collating certain authors, I ought not to conceal from you my joy that the ancient codices, quite numerous and of good faith, of the liberal
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. 9 redemtos impensis partim Roma & Neapoli, partim Urbino adducamus. Nunc quod siti semper majori exardescam in annosis ejusmodi Apostegus aut eruendis, aut liberandis, nec labori parco nec sumtui, & ut meam audaciam rideas, in hac emtione Cræsos quoscunque provoco. Ex iis mittam ad te libros Amorum, opus Metamorphoseon antiquæ manus, & Pastorum codices duos, quorum alterum egregia vetustas commendat. Duo præterea ostero exemplaria Metamorphoseos Apuleji, quem gaudeo post multorum correctorum tormenta in tuas tam sanctas & salutares manus incidisse. Hoc statim atque intellexi, quia Spanhemium videbam alia omnia agere, Vaticanum, quem desiderabas, vetustum codicem cæpi admodum diligenter indagare, sed magno cum dolore meo, nuspiam occurrebat. Gronovii nostri & Livium, & Statium & Senecas pari beneficio meorum librorum demereri potero. Livium præcipue non uno nomine, cujus tertiam decadem integram, & primæ majorem partem manu bona & antiqua exaratam non potui ferre malleis consumi. Si paulo maturius eum in locum fortuna me duxisset, gravissimi scriptoris multo plures membranas conservassem. Sed ad totum opus in collegio Romano & optimas emendationes transcripsi, & quicquid præterea Muretus ad oram prioris Sigonianæ editionis sua manu ex præstantissimis codicibus notaverat. Hac in urbe cum vetustioribus Mediceis exemplaribus primæ decadis a Langermanno inchoatæ octo superstites libros, & ex decade tertia partem aliquam commisimus, ne quid dicam de coniecturis quibusdam Curtii Pichenæ aliisque similibus Livanis collectionibus. Quæ quidem omnia quæcunque fuerint, acerrimo talium rerum æstimatori, cujus immortalibus beneficiis multo plura debeo, jure meritoque destinantur. Velim autem libenter, quod suo se compendio fecisse deprehendet, novam quam dicitur cogitare recensionem paululum sustineat, donec quæ parata sunt subsidia, præsenti præsens de manu in manum exhibeam. Hoc celerius fortasse continget quam crediderit: nam nobis constitutum est absque omni ambage portum, ex quo solvimus, velis, quod dicitur, remisque expedito cursu repetere. Igitur hinc cis paucos dies pedem moturis placet, quod reliquum est hiemis, inter ceteras urbes ita dividere, ut Venetiis & Mediolani majorem partem literariis voluptatibus conservemus. Si propositum nostrum Di locorum atque itinerum præsides fortunaverint, primo vere Lutetiam spero revisere, & ne nomen aliquod eruditionis fama commendatum transeam, Divionem ex una atque ex altera parte, postea Cadomum diverti tentabo. Bataviæ desiderium me tenet, non ambitionis ulla spe aut siti, sed ut spiritus variis distractos molestiis in jucundissimo orbis terrarum secessu ex longis erroribus colligam parumper, atque eruditissima virorum optimorum consuetudine recreem. Hæc voluptas sine te non erit perfecta: nisi te nobis reddideris, in medio deliciarum omnium gremio vitum mihi fore acerbam sentio. Qui relictis gravioribus negotiis me solebas ingenii tui suavitatibus pascere, qui meis conatibus dextram porrigens, tuo judicio pondus atque auctoritatem addidisti, quando tuos dulcissimos oculos dissuaviabor? quando vivas voces commutabimus? satis multa sunt, de qui- B bus
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. 9 I will bring in, at my own expense, some from Rome and Naples, and some from Urbino, having redeemed them. Now, since I am always burning with a greater thirst for such old books, either to rescue them or to set them free, I spare neither labor nor cost; and, to make you laugh at my boldness, in this purchase I challenge any Croesus whatever. From them I shall send you the books of the Amores, an old manuscript of the Metamorphoses, and two copies of the Pastorals, one of which is recommended by its excellent antiquity. I shall also show you two copies of Apuleius’s Metamorphoses, and I am glad that, after the torments of many correctors, it has fallen into your so holy and salutary hands. As soon as I understood this, because I saw Spanheim occupied with other things, I began very carefully to search for the old Vatican manuscript you desired; but, to my great sorrow, it nowhere turned up. I shall be able, by a like favor from my books, to oblige our Gronovius with Livy, Statius, and Seneca as well. Livy especially, for more than one reason, I could not endure to have consumed by hammers—his whole third decade, and the greater part of the first, written in a good and ancient hand. If fortune had brought me there a little earlier, I should have preserved many more membranes of that most serious writer. But I transcribed the whole work in the Roman college, and the best corrections, and whatever else Muretus had noted in his own hand in the margin of the earlier Sigonian edition from the very best manuscripts. In this city, along with the older Medicean copies, we entrusted to memory the eight surviving books of the first decade begun by Langermannus, and some part of the third decade—not to mention certain conjectures of Curtius Pichena and other similar Livian collections. All these things, whatever they may have been, are by right and deservedly destined for the most keen appraiser of such matters, to whom I owe far more because of his immortal benefits. I should also like him kindly to wait a little, as he will find that he has done so to his own advantage, until I can present, in person and from hand to hand, the aids that are now ready. This may perhaps happen sooner than he would think: for it has been decided that, without any delay, we should return to the port from which we set out, with sails and, as they say, oars ready for the voyage. Therefore, since we are to set out from here in a few days, it seems best that we divide what remains of the winter among the other cities in such a way that we may devote the greater part to literary pleasures at Venice and Milan. If the gods who preside over places and journeys favor our plan, I hope to revisit Paris at the beginning of spring, and, so that I may not pass by any place whose name is recommended by the fame of learning, I shall try to turn aside to Dijon on one side and on the other, and afterward to Caen. The desire for Batavia holds me—not from any hope of ambition or thirst, but that I may for a little while collect my mind, distracted by various troubles, from its long wanderings in the most delightful retreat on earth, and refresh it with the company of the most learned and excellent men. This pleasure will not be complete without you: unless you restore yourself to us, I feel that life amid the very bosom of all delights will be bitter to me. You, who used to leave weightier business to feed me with the sweetness of your intellect, who by extending your right hand to my undertakings gave them weight and authority—when shall I exchange those sweetest eyes of yours for kisses? when shall we exchange living voices? There is quite enough on which to speak— B of which
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. 10 bus certior cupias fieri, quæ remoto velo tuis auribus committerem. Sed jam scribendi tædium me capit, & ex ingenti ne tacitæ quidem materiæ copia non invenio nî πεπων nî δ ἰπετα. De rebus urbanis non epistolam, sed com- mentarios animo volvo, quorum ne moram moleste feras, pollicebatur Fal- conerius noster novarum quarundam rerum enarrationem curæ sibi fore: ejus- que litteras Pleumero misi ut ad te curaret. Holstenii posthumis operibus ma- num admoverunt, sed quod doleas; a regulis Monachorum coeptum est, quas duobus tomis collegerat, iisque nuper admodum novem Romanas συνδες & ejus generis prolixam collectionem adjecere. Utinam ceteros potius egregii Viri labores eruditos nobiscum communicarent! jubent nos posthac Frontinum expectare. Regina nihil hactenus de Stephano constituit. Allatius novo libro Hot- tingerum oppugnat de octava Constantinopolitana Synodo. Ceteros quos in urbe cognovi aut ingenii cultu atque elegantia, aut antiquitatis usu quodam præstantes viros, aliquando inter privatos parietes maturiori & liberiori narratione perse- quemur. Non ignoras quidem veterum temporum Romanam eruditionem Ro- mæ ex lapidibus majorem, quam ex Quiritibus parari; mihi quidem rudera & rui- nas æternæ Urbis curiosis oculis pervaganti hoc saxum imprimis voluere, ve- tustos literatorum lapidum titulos omni cura circumspicere placuit. Credidi semper nihil ex tota antiquariorum supellectile majorem Romanis scriptoribus lu- cem inferre. Neque hactenus sententiæ neque operæ meæ me poenitet, quod toto itinere in similium monumentorum curam paulo diligentius incubuerim. Scilicet eo παρεδω veterum inscriptionum ανδρῶν aliquot millia non absque delectu congesti, eodemque tempore Gruteri volumen infinitis locis aut mu- tilis, aut foedissime corruptis αυτοπλης emendabam. Neapolitana commoratio hac in parte meis collectionibus non param profuit: aliquæ etiam ex natali solo Poëtæ tui, aliquid ex aliis angulis insatiabili cupiditate contraximus, Capuæ plusculos dies eo nomine commorabar humanitate adiutus Camilli Peregrini amici tui, viri optimi & patriæ antiquitatis peritissimi; sed rerum mearum com- memorationibus non debeo diutius te fatigare. Novi enim quam vacuus nun- quam sis, non tam ab insigni munere, in quo dignitas præstantissimæ patriæ tuæ sita est, quam a melioribus literariis occupationibus, quibus ut diu & feliciter vaces, Deum Opt. Max. supplex rogo. Vale, Vir Doctissime & me ama. Florentiæ xvi. Dec. c19 d clxii. Litteras tuas, quarum miro desiderio te- necor amicis Parisiensibus tuto committes. E P I S T O L A V I I I. W I L E L M O. G O E S I O Senatori gravissimo Marquardus Gudius S. D. Mitto ad te, quos ex auctione Vorstiana libellos nancisci potui, pauci sunt, & minoris existimationis, quos emtorum pudenda & pene pue- rilis
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M. GUDIUS TO EPISTLES. 10 If you desire to be more fully informed of these matters, I would entrust to your ears, with the veil removed, what I am now writing. But now a weariness of writing seizes me, and amid an immense store of material, not even a silent one, I can find neither nî πɛπων nî δ ἰπετα . About the affairs of the city I have in mind not a letter, but memoirs, and lest you impatiently bear the delay of them, our Falconerius promised that it would be his care to set forth some new matters; and I sent his letters to Pleumer, that he might attend to them for you. They have put their hand to the posthumous works of Holstenius, but in a way that you would lament; they began with the Rules of the Monks, which he had collected in two volumes, and to these quite recently they added nine Roman συνδες and a lengthy collection of that sort. Would that instead they would share with us the other learned labors of that eminent man! They bid us henceforth await Frontinus. The Queen has hitherto decided nothing concerning Stephanus. Allatius, in a new book, attacks Hottinger concerning the eighth Council of Constantinople. The rest of those whom I have known in the city, whether distinguished by refinement and elegance of mind or by some familiarity with antiquity, we shall sometime pursue among private walls with a fuller and freer account. You surely do not ignore that the Roman learning of ancient times was gathered at Rome more from stones than from the Quirites; for my part, as I wandered with curious eyes among the ruins and remains of the eternal City, it especially pleased me to turn over that stone, and with every care to inspect the ancient inscriptions on literary monuments. I have always believed that nothing from the whole equipment of antiquarians brings greater light to Roman writers. Nor up to now do I regret either my opinion or my labor, since throughout the whole journey I had devoted myself a little more diligently to the care of such monuments. Accordingly, I have gathered together no few thousands of ancient inscriptions of men, not without selection, and at the same time I was correcting Gruter’s volume in innumerable places, where it was either mutilated or most foully corrupted. My stay in Naples was not without great benefit to my collections in this respect: we also obtained something from the native soil of your Poet, and something from other corners, with insatiable eagerness. I spent several days at Capua for that purpose, aided by the kindness of Camillus Peregrinus, your friend, a most excellent man and most skilled in the antiquity of the fatherland; but I ought not to weary you longer with the recollection of my affairs. For I know how never free you are, not so much from your distinguished office, in which lies the dignity of your most excellent country, as from better literary occupations; and I earnestly pray God Almighty that you may long and happily continue in them. Farewell, most learned Sir, and love me. Florence, 16 Dec. 1662. Your letters, for which I am seized with marvelous longing, you will safely entrust to my Parisians friends. EPISTLE VIII. TO WILLELMO GOESIUS To the most grave Senator, Marquardus Gudius sends greeting. I send to you the little books which I was able to obtain from the Vorstian auction; they are few, and of slight value, which were shamed by the purchasers and almost childish
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M G U D I I E P I S T O L A. 11 rillis contentio nobis eripuit. Furor fuit & amdeia adolescentium, quorum insaniam insanire non debebam. Quos enim manibus nostris elabi patiebar, non ignoro minori conatu propediem posse redimi. Videbis tuam me expe- ctationem non sefellisse; enitar sane pro singulari in te observantia mea, ne quid in me officiorum desideres. Ea mihi non hodie nata, sed vetus est erga domum vestram religio, qui a multis annis divini atque incomparabilis viri Soceri tui sanctissimos manes incredibili pietate veneror. Dicæarchi geogra- phica cis paucos dies habebis: nescio quo casu in librorum meorum turba se abdiderunt: heri quidem, cum Leida festinanter discederem, omnes forulos fugitivis oculis excutienti non occurrebant. De ceteris coram. Si commodo tuo fieri poterit, velim momentum horæ designes, quo te conveniam. Vale, vir sapientissime, & si meremur, ab injuriis & iniquitate indignissimorum hominum nos, quantum in te est, salvos præsta. Hagæ-Com. c10 d c LXIV. E P I S T O L A I X. A L B E R T O R U S I O J Cto. Marquardus Gudius S. D. Sciassius noster, quam semel sibi omnium maxime profuisse gloriatur, au- ctoritate tua iterum juvari cupit. Itaque ut jus suum adversus iniquas pe- tulantissimi hominis contentiones tueatur, spei & fiduciæ plenus ad te redit; quid multis verbis tuam operam flagitem? qui vitæ integritatem amas, quæ in te est, qui de bonarum artium studiis rectissime sentis, in quibus plane ni- hil te fugit, quomodo officium posses negare probæ mentis homini, & tui non minus quam optimarum literarum amantissimo? Sciassius est talis, tanto tui si- milior, quanto dissimillimus videtur suorum: cujus mei judicii nunquam me ut spero pænitebit; tuum erit, Rusi amplissime, omnia ejus causa velle, quæ a te expectari poterunt. Monsius tuus gravis idemque integerrimus Senator, belle habet & negociis publicis vacat; delata est ei auctoritate publica causæ nostræ cognitio, quam magni nostra interest ne a se ad forum rejiciat: id enim inter molestissimas ambages plurimorum annorum mora fieri solet: tu qua va- les gratia, facillime a viro optimo impetrabis, ut causam diligenter cognoscere, & cognitam celeriter referre ad Senatum velit. Non levis est jactura in cuncta- tione, trico Gallias petit ut conatus nostros absentia eludat, quo nihil ei est facilius, nihil amico nostro perniciosius: quid enim tutore absente, ineundis subducendisque rationibus malæ fidei proficere possumus? hæc & alia ejus ge- neris Sciassius noster prolixius narrabit, quem literarum causa, quas raro ex- emplo mirifice amat, quantum in te est, fove & tuere. Vale & nos ama; brevi me videbis, & penes me veterum membranarum excerpta, quæ tibi in purgandis juris nostri sanctissimis incunabilis magno usui fore judico. Hagæ- Comitis. Kal. Decemb. c10 d c LXIV. B 2 EPI-
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M G U D I I E P I S T O L A. 11 ... contention has deprived us. It was the fury and madness of the young men, whose madness I ought not to have shared. For those whom I allowed to slip from our hands, I am not unaware that they can soon be recovered with less effort. You will see that I have not disappointed your expectation; I shall indeed strive, out of my singular regard for you, that you may find nothing lacking in me in the discharge of my duties. That regard was not born in me today, but is an old reverence toward your house; for many years I have worshipped with incredible piety the most holy remains of your father-in-law, a divine and incomparable man. You will have Dicaearchus on geography in a few days: I know not by what chance he has hidden himself among the heap of my books; yesterday, indeed, when I was hastening away from Leyden, while I was hurriedly searching all the drawers with wandering eyes, they did not come to sight. More about the rest in person. If it can be done at your convenience, I should like you to set the hour at which I may meet you. Farewell, most wise sir, and if we deserve it, preserve us, as far as lies in you, safe from the injuries and injustice of most unworthy men. The Hague, 10 December 1664. E P I S T O L A IX. T O A L B E R T R U S I U S, J.C. Marquard Gudius sends greetings. Our Sciassius, whom he boasts once to have benefited more than all others, desires to be aided again by your authority. Therefore, in order that he may defend his own right against the unjust contentions of a most insolent man, full of hope and confidence he returns to you; why should I ask your help in many words? You who love integrity of life, who, as far as lies in you, think most rightly about the study of the liberal arts, in which nothing at all escapes you, how could you refuse your duty to an honorable man, and one no less devoted to you than to the best literature? Sciassius is such a man, and all the more like you the more unlike he seems to his own family; I hope I shall never regret my judgment of him. Yours it will be, most distinguished Rusius, to wish everything on his behalf that may be expected from you. Your Monsius, a serious and at the same time most upright senator, is doing well and is free for public business; by public authority the investigation of our case has been entrusted to him, and it is of great importance to us that he does not send it away from himself to the court: for in that case, amid the most troublesome delays, a delay of many years is usually the result. By the grace you have with him, you will most easily obtain from the very best of men that he be willing to examine the case carefully and, once examined, promptly report it to the Senate. The loss in delay is not slight; the schemer seeks Gaul, in order that by his absence he may evade our efforts, and nothing is easier for him, nothing more harmful to our friend: for what can we accomplish in the absence of the guardian, when accounts are to be settled or concealed by bad faith? Our Sciassius will relate these and other matters of the sort at greater length; for the sake of the letters, which he extraordinarily loves with a rare devotion, cherish and protect him, as far as lies in you. Farewell and love us; you will see me soon, and I have excerpts from old manuscripts, which I judge will be of great use to you in cleansing the most holy cradle of our law. The Hague, 1 December 1664. B 2 EPI-
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M. GUDII EPISTOLÆ. EPISTOLA X. MICHAELI ERMINIO Marquardus Gudius. S. D. Omnis humanitas tua ex omnibus partibus se ostendit iis in Litteris, quas a te superioribus diebus accepi, non illa quidem mihi ignota, tamen singularis & mirifica; dispeream, nisi tanta est, ut stuporem nobis incutiat. Quid enim necesse fuit, qui nihil peccaveras, ut ea te contentione purgares? ad te quidem tuarum virtutum fama accensi libenter accessimus, quod utinam sæpius a nobis factum fuisset, ut observantiæ erga te meæ rationem constitisse gloriari possem! Nunc cum meo sim officio defunctus admodum leviter, ut id, quodcunque fuerit, confestim tanquam æs mutuum redderes, non expetere; sed ne sperare quidem debebam. Satis magnum prolixæ comitatis argumentum videbatur, domi tuæ familiariter in sanctiores studiorum tuorum secessus admitti potuisse, nemo expectabat, ut in publico diversorio ignotis viatoribus privatæ gratiam salutationis persolveres. Quod si vero, quemadmodum fieri video, tuarum id partium fuisse multum contendas, nihil est tamen, quod eo nomine aut nos parum benigne dimissos, aut minoris virtutes tuas a me fieri putes. Ego, tametsi quibus debeo haut difficulter omnibus omnia tribuam, mihi largior & sanctoris amicitiæ jure quodam hoc mihi sumo, ne quem colam ambitiosius: eandemque libertatem libenter in omnibus familiaribus meis fero. Quare nunquam persuadebor, ut morosos exactores probem, qui aut in vitæ consuetudine, si quid fortasse vulgaris officii prætermittatur, aut in litterarum commercio, si paululum expectatione longius respondendi partibus defueris, repente stomacho atque indignatione exardescunt, sibique ægre videntur temperare, quin conjunctioni, nulla cæteroquin interposita simultate, tesseram frangant, sanctissimoque foederi nuncium remittant. Facessant hæc a nobis, Ermini præstantissime: crede mihi supervacaneum est, side & volutate spectata, cæteras actiones ad calculos vocare. Hoc unum te rogo, ut erga me quam primo congressu declabas, animi benevolentiam constanter tueare: reliquo cultu parum moveor homo , paucorum amicorum, quos majori side quam pompa demereri studeo. Cæterum qui tanti facis, quod semel te convenerim, cave ne quid ex humanitate tua sentias incommodi: nam propediem ad vos revertemur. Sed quia bellissima occasio est, quidni denunciem quæ velim? tuo jussu, tuo instinctu verecundiæ fines transgrediar, fores exhausto rubore tuas obsidebo, te captabo, tuis laboribus intercedam, neque me, quicquid agas aut imperes, ullo modo patiar a jucundissima consuetudine tua divelli. Vale, vir eruditissime & me ama. EPI-
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M. GUDIUS’ EPISTLES. EPISTLE X. TO MICHAEL ERMINIUS Marquard Gudius. S. D. Your whole humanity shows itself in every part in the Letters which I received from you a few days ago, a humanity not indeed unknown to me, yet singular and marvelous; may I perish if it is not such as to strike us with astonishment. For what need was there, since you had committed no fault, that you should clear yourself with such earnestness? Truly, drawn on by the fame of your virtues, we came to you gladly; would that this had more often been done by me, so that I might boast that I had fulfilled the obligation of my respect toward you! Now, since I have discharged my duty, and very lightly at that, I ought not to expect that, whatever it was, you should promptly repay it as borrowed money; indeed, I ought not even to have hoped for it. It seemed proof enough of your long courtesy that I had been able to be received familiarly in your house and into the more private retreats of your studies; no one expected that in a public inn you would repay the private courtesy of greeting to unknown travelers. But if, as I see is the case, you insist strongly that it was much in your part to do this, still there is nothing for it that on that account either we should think ourselves dismissed too unkindly, or that I should esteem your virtues less. I, though I readily grant everything to everyone to whom I owe it, yet in my own case I allow myself somewhat more, and by a certain right of more sacred friendship I claim this for myself, not to cultivate anyone too importunately; and I gladly allow the same freedom in all my intimate friends. Wherefore I shall never be persuaded to approve those captious exactors who, either in the habits of daily life, if perhaps some ordinary courtesy is omitted, or in the interchange of letters, if you have been somewhat slower than expectation in answering, suddenly blaze up with anger and indignation, and seem scarcely able to restrain themselves from breaking the bond, though no quarrel has otherwise intervened, and sending a dismissal to the most sacred alliance. Away with such things from us, most excellent Erminius: believe me, it is superfluous, when sincerity and goodwill are plain, to call the rest of a man’s actions to account. This one thing I ask of you, that you steadfastly preserve toward me that good will of spirit which you declared at our first meeting: I am little moved by the rest of outward attentions, being a man of a few friends, whom I strive to win more by faith than by pomp. Moreover, since you esteem so highly the fact that I once met you, take care lest you feel any inconvenience from your courtesy: for we shall soon return to you. But since this is a very fine opportunity, why should I not announce what I wish? At your command, at your prompting, I will pass beyond the bounds of modesty, I will besiege your doors, my blush exhausted, I will pursue you, I will stand in the way of your labors, and I shall not allow myself, whatever you may do or command, to be torn in any way from your most delightful companionship. Farewell, most learned sir, and love me. EPI-
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M. GUIDI EPISTOLÆ. 13 EPISTOLA XI. D. CHRISTIANO CASSIO. Marquardus Gudius. S. D. DEbeo multum officio tuo, quod talis cum vir sis & tantus, inter gra- vissimarum occupationum pondera, iis, quas pridem misi, literis Gottorpium curandis singularem te diligentiam adhibuisse intellexerim. Ex ea enim re ilico magna cum voluptate conjecturam cepi de constantia tuæ erga me toties spectatæ benevolentæ, qua in hac vita nihil mihi unquam erit carius; nunc, quod etiam magis lætor, sentio votis meis pulcherrime respondere quam animo meo opinionem literæ tuæ antea confirmarant, omnia te mea causa velle, cupere etiam mihi vehementer, & nihil earum rerum intermittere, quæ augendis meis commodis quam maxime expediant. Hinc quid mihi pollicear, te non fugit, in eo præsertim æquissimo negotio, cujus successum a nemine nisi a te potissimum & tua benignitate expectamus, id quicquid est rei, obsecro te, Vir maxime, explica, confice, & me non patere diutius ambigua spe jactari; nosti gratiæ plurimum ex celeritate muneribus accedere; ego certe magnam ob causam incredibili expectatione liberalitatis vestræ angor: interest enim honoris mei ne inter asseclas & sectatores splendidissimi illius itineris, veluti otiosum nomen, unus ego præterear. Quare cum tui clientis fama non minori tibi curæ esse, debeat, quam salus, perge ut expisti, & sapientissimorum tuique sumilium virorum exemplo tuere beneficia illa, quæ in me tot & tanta olim contulisti. Cogites etiam, honori tibi & gloriæ fore, ut quod auctore te onus in me libenter suscepi, ejus te adjutore præmium haut difficulter adsequar. Quid autem dico præmium? quicquid mihi tribueris, omne id in beneficii potius quam præmii loco lubens meritoque numerabo. Hoc velim tibi persuadeas, statim atque hac in re a te mihi prospectum esse intellexero, magnam te ex eo & perpetuam voluptatem esse capturum. Vale Mæcenas optime, atque huic meæ audaciæ ignosce, quod cum antea te accurate rogaverim, idem iterum atque iterum assiduis precibus flagitem. EPISTOLA XII. JOHANNI DE SCRIECK JCl. Consuli Reip. Daventriensis Marquardus Gudius S. P. D. PERquam eleganter atque officiosè factum esse haud negarim, quod cum in me ad vos adducendo omnibus modis studium, laborem, operam, ut qui maxime, summa cum voluntate tua, sed fato meo successu prorsus irrito posuisses, ceteris tamen Viris optimis gravissimisque Collegis tuis auctorem magnopere te acceperim fuisse, ut aureis an possem catenis constringi literis illis, B 3 quas
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M. GUIDI’S LETTERS. 13 LETTER XI. TO MR. CHRISTIAN CASSIUS. Marquardus Gudius. S. D. I owe much to your courtesy, for, being such a man as you are and of such great distinction, amid the burdens of the most serious occupations you have, as I learn, applied singular diligence to the letters I recently sent for care to Gottorp. From this I at once formed, with great pleasure, a judgment of the constancy of your well-tested goodwill toward me, than which nothing in this life will ever be dearer to me; and now, what gives me even greater joy, I perceive that the opinion formed from your letter has most beautifully answered my wishes and confirmed my own mind, namely, that you desire everything for my sake, that you are also most eager to help me, and that you omit nothing that may serve as much as possible to increase my advantages. You do not escape my understanding what I may promise myself from this, especially in that very equitable matter, the success of which we expect from no one so much as from you and your kindness; whatever the business may be, I beseech you, most excellent Sir, explain it, bring it to completion, and do not allow me any longer to be tossed about in uncertain hope. You know that gratitude gains much from swiftness in favors; for my part, I am indeed greatly distressed by the incredible expectation of your liberality, and with good reason: for it concerns my honor that, among the adherents and followers of that most splendid expedition, I alone should not be passed over, as though I were a mere idle name. Wherefore, since the reputation of your client ought to be no less a care to you than his safety, go on as you have begun, and after the example of the wisest men among your counsels, protect those benefits which you once so greatly and so abundantly conferred upon me. Consider also that it will be to your honor and glory that I, having gladly undertaken the burden at your prompting, may not find it hard, with your help, to attain the reward. But why do I speak of reward? Whatever you shall have granted me, I shall gladly and rightly count all of it rather as a favor than as a reward. I would have you be persuaded of this: as soon as I understand that you have looked after me in this matter, I shall be greatly and permanently delighted by it. Farewell, most excellent Maecenas, and forgive this boldness of mine, that after I have already earnestly requested you, I now again and again press the same matter with repeated entreaties. LETTER XII. TO MR. JOHANN DE SCRIECK, J.C.L. Consul of the Republic of Deventer, Marquardus Gudius sends greetings. I could not deny that it was most elegantly and dutifully done, that while you had exerted every effort, labor, and care, with my full approval, to bring me to you — all to no purpose, however, by my ill fate — I nevertheless learned that you had strongly urged the other excellent and most distinguished members of your College to see whether I might be bound with golden chains by those letters, B 3 which
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. 14 quas ad me dederunt, humanissimis ipsi tandem experirentur. Erubui vero & non invidia minus, quam laude & gloria modestiam meam onerari putavi: nam qui tot ac tantis auctoribus negare quicquam ausit, etiamsi detur a viris bonis necessitati venia, nunquam effugiet, quin plurimis se malevolorum hominum voculis objiciat. Ego tamen quid iis aliud de me respondere possim, quam quod ad te perscripseram, prorsus non video. Tu qui gratia atque auctoritate domi forisque admodum flores, quæ mea est benignitatis tuæ mirifica fiducia, me licet tacente, nullo negotio conficies, ut civitas omni laude præstantissima meam excusationem æqui bonique consulat. Id mihi de tua benevolentia: tibi vero pro maximistuis officiis de me, ceteris in rebus omnibus, omne genus obsequii, aut potius observantiæ & pietatis diligentissime sanctissimeque polliceor. Amstelod. Idib. Maj. EPISTOLA XIII. PETRO BLOCK Marguardus Gudius S. P. D. EA demum firma & minus corrupta amicitia est, quæ inter ipsa adolesceniæ tyrocinia coaluit, ex sola consiliorum & voluntatum similitudine. Fucus plerumque, nihil tuti est in aliis amoribus: latent sub quovis pene lapide scorpii, qui externa fallaci specie blandiuntur. Sæpe irascor istis malitiosis temporibus: coque libentius memoriam innocentissimæ amicitiæ nostræ repeto, quæ ab honestis & liberalibus initiis profecta nullis apud me rationibus convelli poterit. Igitur nomen tuum & sanctitatem antiquæ nostræ consuetudinis etiam nunc sollicite foveo. Vide, quæso, quanto tui desiderio quamque facile accendar! Forte fortuna hodie intelligo te propius abesse, & Ultrajecti incolumen agere. Elatus inopinato gaudio facere non potui, quin e vestigio aliquid ad te conscriberem & in amplexus invitarem. Profecto tæto d' ægælis iteræ singulariter amo Iudæum nostrum de Lara, hominem literis variis eruditum. Quicquid enim ille casu indicavit, diu multumque desideravi, jamque sextus annus agitur quod nihil plane rerum tuarum cognovi. Ex eo tempore ipse patria procul, inter ancipites fortunæ lusus literas, adolescentiæ meæ elegantiores nutrices, pari semper affectu, sed successu vario prosecutus, de te & Musis tuis quam sæpissime cogitavi. Superiori præsertim anno, cum Francofurti hærerem in comitiis Imperatoriis, frequenter amorem erga te meum exposui apud Joannem Ionsium, communem amicum nostrum, qui in ea urbe inter ludi literarii magistros secundum locum obtinebat: Sed heu! ad memoriam istorum temporum, ad nomen amicissimi hominis vehementius commoveor, quam ut dolorem tanti motus ferre passim. Ille nuper admodum inter magnas operas & expeditiones, insigni literarum damno, pi relixi reliquit. Impedior luctu ne plura de acerbissimo casu queam explicare. Hæc enim ad te scribo in ipso recentis & crudi
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. 14 which they had given to me, they would at last experience in the most humane way. But I blushed, and I thought that my modesty was burdened no less by envy than by praise and glory; for whoever would dare to deny anything to so many and such great authorities, even if pardon for necessity is granted by good men, will never escape being exposed to the many words of malicious men. Yet I plainly do not see what else I can reply to them about myself than what I had written to you. You, who flourish greatly in grace and authority at home and abroad, by what wonderful confidence in your kindness to me you will, though I say nothing, accomplish without difficulty that the most praiseworthy city will judge my excuse fairly and indulgently. This I owe to your goodwill; but for your great services to me, in all other matters I promise, with the utmost diligence and holiness, every kind of obedience, or rather of reverence and devotion. Amsterdam, the Ides of May. EPISTOLA XIII. TO PETER BLOCK Marguardus Gudius sends greetings. At last that friendship is firm and less corrupted which grew together in the very beginnings of youth, from the mere likeness of counsels and wills. Deceit is everywhere, and there is little safety in other loves: under almost every stone there lie scorpions, which flatter with an outward and deceitful appearance. I often grow angry at those treacherous times; and for that reason I more gladly recall the memory of our most innocent friendship, which sprang from honorable and liberal beginnings and can by no means be shaken by any reckoning of mine. Therefore I still carefully cherish your name and the sanctity of our old friendship. See, I beg you, how greatly I am stirred by longing for you, and how easily I am kindled! By chance today I learn that you are not far away and are safely staying at Utrecht. Overcome by unexpected joy, I could not help but write something to you at once and invite you to my arms. Indeed, I singularly love our Jew de Lara, a man learned in various letters. For whatever he happened to report, I have long and greatly desired, and now the sixth year is passing since I learned anything at all about your affairs. Since that time I myself, far from my native place, amid the uncertain play of fortune, have pursued letters, the more elegant nurses of my youth, always with the same affection but with varying success, and very often have thought of you and your Muses. Especially in the previous year, when I was staying at Frankfurt for the Imperial Diet, I frequently expressed my love for you to Johann Ionsius, our common friend, who held second place among the teachers of the school there. But alas! at the memory of those times, at the name of that dearest man, I am moved more violently than I can bear the sorrow of such emotion. He very recently, amid great labors and undertakings, to the notable loss of letters, departed. Grief hinders me from being able to explain more about that most bitter event. For I write this to you in the very midst of the recent and raw...
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. 15 di adhuc mæroris æstu, inter suspiria & lacrymas, quibus facile chartam hanc totam irrigare potero. Afflictus carissimi capitis domestico funere, neque dum ex squalore me colligo; & ecce! nova clade penitus confundor. Ita visum Superis, quorum fulmina & iniurias silentio adorabimus. Hæc puto, invitus leges quemadmodum a me scribuntur, vereorque idcirco ne te in eundem turpis- simum stetum adducam, sed omnino debemus sub naturæ legibus graviter & animose agere. Si quid hodie lugendum est, passim erit & horror & luctus & lacrymarum materia: ipsa tempora, in quæ incedimus, satis sunt misera & luctuosa. Quid enim patria nostra nisi cadaver ruinis & incendiis deforma- tum? cives concussi, spoliati, perditi & in extrema fortunarum omnium linea constituti. Sed hæc damna sunt proprie nostra & nostratium: possunt refici: in uno autem isto funere totus literatus orbis jacturum certe singularem fecit. Ma- gna ubique solitudo eorum est, qui literis cupiunt, quas ille egregia volun- tate a multis annis fovit. Neque dubito quin majora semper præstitisset, sed obiit non quidem & inglorius; Scripsit enim libros IV. de Scriptoribus Historiæ Philosophicæ, eosque jam prælo absolvit. Ades & vide: Ades, quæso te, ades si- ne mora & vetusti amoris nostri igniculos iterum iterumque excita. Ego li- benter ad te excurrerem, sed multis variisque negotiis detineor. Igitur si tibi commodum est, si amicitia nostra tanti videbitur, oportet in hac urbe me convenias, sed omnino ante diem Solis. Ita te ex tanto intervallo ambitiosius amplectar & oculos jucundissimos dissuaviabor; jucundum erit super studiis nostris capita conferre. Dabo operam ne tui te itineris poeniteat. Quod si dicto die præsto nobis esse non poteris, fac me confestim certiorem, ne incer- ta tui expectatione, sumptuosum tempus fallam: namque Hagam-Comitum, hoc est, ad Musas meas redire propero. Vale, Amstelodami. EPISTOLA XIV. D. FERDINANDO D. G. Episcopo Paderbornensi, Coadjutori Monasteriensi, S.R. Imp. Principi, Comiti Pyrmontano, &c. Domino suo Clementissimo, Marquardus Gudius S. D. Diu flagrantem perpetua quadam in te observantia incredibilis me cupidi- tas tenuit, Reverendissime & Celsissime Princeps, meum nomen pro- fitendi inter tuos, neque ambitionis tam sanctæ deprecanda homini privato est invidia, qui quod vehementer te maximaque pietate veluti in Deorum numero colam, cultissimarum orbis terræ nationum constanti sermone & judicio facio, divina multa, omnia de te summa prædicantium. Et mihi quidem in plurium annorum
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... as I am still in the heat of grief, amid sighs and tears, with which I could easily soak this whole sheet. Stricken by the domestic funeral of my dearest head, I am not yet able to collect myself from my distress; and behold, I am utterly confounded by a new blow. So it has seemed good to the Higher Powers, whose thunderbolts and wrongs we shall worship in silence. I think these things, though unwillingly, you will read as they are written by me, and I therefore fear lest I may bring you into the same most wretched state; but in any case we must act under the laws of nature with seriousness and courage. If anything is to be lamented today, everywhere there will be horror and mourning and matter for tears: the times themselves into which we are entering are quite miserable and full of grief. For what is our fatherland but a corpse disfigured by ruins and fires? The citizens are shaken, stripped, ruined, and placed at the very end of all fortune. But these losses are properly ours and our fellow countrymen’s: they can be repaired; but in this one funeral the whole learned world has certainly suffered a singular loss. There is everywhere great loneliness among those who desire letters, which he had fostered with excellent will for many years. Nor do I doubt that he would have accomplished greater things still, but he died not without glory; for he wrote four books On the Writers of Philosophical History, and has already sent them to press. Come and see. Come, I beg you, come without delay and kindle again and again the sparks of our old friendship. I would gladly run to you, but I am detained by many and various affairs. Therefore, if it is convenient for you, if our friendship will seem to you worth so much, you must meet me in this city, but certainly before Sunday. Thus I shall embrace you more eagerly after so long an interval and kiss your delightful eyes; it will be pleasant to compare notes on our studies. I shall take care that you do not regret your journey. But if you cannot be with us on the appointed day, let me know at once, so that I may not waste costly time in uncertain expectation of you; for I am eager to return to The Hague, that is, to my Muses. Farewell, from Amsterdam. LETTER XIV. TO D. FERDINAND D. G. Bishop of Paderborn, Coadjutor of Münster, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Count of Pyrmont, etc., to his most gracious lord, Marquard Gudius sends greetings. For a long time an incredible desire has held me, most Reverend and Most Serene Prince, to declare my name among yours, with a perpetual devotion flaming in you; nor is the envy of such holy ambition to be decried in a private man, who, because I greatly and with the greatest piety worship you as though among the number of the gods, do so by the constant speech and judgment of the most cultivated nations of the world, proclaiming many divine things, indeed all the highest things, about you. And for my part, in the course of many years...
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16 M. GUDII EPISTOLÆ. annorum perpetua peregrinatione, nihil tuis ejusmodi laudibus aut frequentius aut majori cum voluptate cognitum fuit. Nunquam excidet memoria, Lute- tiam cum esset rumor allatus tradita tibi fore, quæ singulari non auctoritate magis quam sapientia nunc tenes, teneasque voveo diutissime, Ecclesiæ & prin- cipatus Paderbornensis gubernacula, talem doctissimorum hominum, quibus urbs ea multum abundat, lætitiam fuisse, ut in solemnibus circulis & cætibus, non mi- nus intelicibus literis omni prope destitutis patrocinio, quam præstantissimæ patriæ tuæ, qualem Plato Principem in prima publicæ felicitatis parte ponebat, in te omnes una voce gratulari, maximo coronæ totius applausu sæpissime audirentur. Italiam postea cum attigissem, campos videbar mihi laudum tuarum ingressus, mi- risico omnium, per quas incedebam, civitatum in tuam gloriam consensu. Re- cens & multo acerrimum erat in Urbe virtutisturæ consuetudinisque desiderium, memoria populo Rom. jucundissima, quam nulla unquam delebit oblivio; alii narrabant divini ingenii suavitates & ornamenta: continentiam alii, alii co- mitatem, qui quum in Pontificis optimi maximi oculis habitares, gratiaque va- leres plurimum, bonis omnibus patens & obvius, nihil tibi præter omnium ho- rarum admissionem domestico intimæ fidei munere sumisses, Pontifice te ad summa quæque provocante. Atque hæc mihi tempora revolventi occurrit ve- tus quidam dolor meus, quem fato invido, quum pauculis post tuam auspi- catissimam profectionem diebus in Urbem venissem, eo graviorem capiebam, quod ex Holstenii morte susceptam ægritudinem spe quadam benignitatis tuæ solarer: quo in dolore sic animo sui affectus, ut nullas unquam a fortuna mi- hi injurias putarim factas esse majores. Cetera quæque vita sunt prorsus lan- guere, meminique tum temporis optimum senem Pollinum tuum integros dies in luctu & silentio deprehendisse, tui desiderio propemodum tabescere. Reversus ad Batavos, quo propiori, eo majori & lætiori fama accepi, qui- bus me mirum in modum oblectabam: unum esse ex Furstenbergiorum anti- qua domo Ferdinandum Principem, qui veterum sanctissimorum Antistitum exemplo literas reconditas omne genus ad stuporem ipse doctus, in aliis or- naret præmiis amplissimis, omnesque liberales disciplinas pudendo contemtu & fastidio Principum aulis exulantes, exciperet, amplecteretur, soveret: qui- que justitiæ, pietatis, sapientiæ fama id esset consecutus, quod nullis artibus æmuli potuere, ut æquissimis & sua sponte fluentibus suffragiis optio datus Prin- cipimagno fortissimoque, jus futuræ successionis amplissimæ, populo omni læ- tante & plaudente, veluti manibus teneret. Hæc ego cum sæpius audirem, to- tus exardescebam illa cupiditate meæ tibi singularis erga te observantiæ decla- randæ, sed obstrepere literis inanibus inter tot tantarumque rerum pondera sapientissimo gravissimoque Principi, hominis esse impudentis atque insigniter importuni existimabam; nunc autem cum in tuis ad Nicolaum Heinsium omni laude conspicuum virum, literis te non semel perbenevolam mei mentionem fecisse intelligam, fregit verecundiam meam pene subrusticam incredibilis hu- manitas tua, qua tu Deus mihi quidam potes videri. Itaque gratias quas possum quidem
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16. THE EPISTLES OF M. GUDII. During perpetual travel over so many years, nothing of this kind has ever been more frequently or more pleasantly known to me than by your praises. Never will the memory fade of the time when, at Lutetia, the rumor was brought that there would be entrusted to you the governance of the Church and principality of Paderborn, which you now hold not more by singular authority than by wisdom, and may you hold it for the longest time: how great was the joy of the many learned men, with whom that city abounds, so that in their solemn gatherings and assemblies, no less on behalf of letters, almost wholly deprived of patronage, than on behalf of your most excellent fatherland—such a ruler as Plato placed at the forefront of public happiness—they were often heard, with the greatest applause of the whole company, to congratulate one another with a single voice on you. Later, when I had come to Italy, I seemed to myself to have entered the fields of your praises, by the marvelous agreement of all the cities through which I passed in glorifying you. Fresh and especially intense in the City was the longing for virtuous and familiar conduct, a memory most pleasing to the Roman people, which no forgetfulness will ever erase; some recounted the charms and refinements of your divine intelligence; others your self-restraint, others your courtesy; and while you dwelt in the eyes of the best and greatest Pontiff, and were held in the highest favor, open and accessible to all good men, you took nothing for yourself except the admission to every hour, by the domestic duty of the closest confidence, the Pontiff urging you on to every highest task. And as I turned these times over in my mind, there came to me a certain old grief of mine, which I felt more keenly because of hostile fate when, a few days after your most auspicious departure, I came to the City; and I was comforted in my grief by a certain hope of your kindness, having contracted the illness from Holstenius’s death: in that sorrow I was so affected in spirit that I have never thought any injuries done to me by fortune to have been greater. The rest of life, whatever it may be, is altogether languishing, and I remember that at that time I saw your excellent old Pollinus spending whole days in grief and silence, almost wasting away from longing for you. On returning to the Dutch, the nearer I came, the greater and happier the fame I received, by which I was wonderfully delighted: that Ferdinand, Prince of the old house of Furstenberg, had become one who, following the example of the ancient and most holy Bishops, himself learned to astonishment all kinds of hidden letters, and in others adorned them with the most generous rewards, and welcomed, embraced, and fostered all the liberal disciplines, which were exiled from princely courts by the disgraceful contempt and disgust of princes; and that by the reputation of justice, piety, and wisdom he had achieved what rivals could not by any arts: that, with the fairest votes flowing of their own accord, he had been chosen, the great and most valiant Prince, to the right of future most ample succession, with the whole people rejoicing and applauding, as if he held it in his hands. As I often heard these things, I was wholly inflamed with that desire of declaring to you my singular devotion toward you; but to interrupt a wise and most serious Prince with empty letters amid the weight of so many and so great matters, I considered to be the act of an impudent and notably importunate man. But now, since from your letters to Nicolaus Heinsius, a man distinguished beyond all praise, I understand that you spoke more than once very kindly of me, your incredible humanity has almost broken my rather rustic shyness, through which you can seem to me to be some god. And so I give thanks as best I can indeed
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M. GUDII EPISTOLE. 17 quidem ago habeoque tibi maximas atque immortales, tum quod ornatum me volueris testimonio benevolentiæ tuæ, tum vero quod ista tam longe egressa principem humanitate quasi fores mihi aperueris, ad te frequentius diligentiusque colendum: qua in re etiamsi laudis & gloriæ tuæ longa & perpetua quadam fama me teneri dixi, obsecro te, FERDINANDE Princeps, multo magis meo sensu & judicio id a me fieri existimes, præcipua admiratione divinorum ingenii tui monumentorum. Nihil profecto est carminibus tuis, omnem vi- turis ætatem, sublimius, nihil mundius nec majori judicio compositum quicquam, quibus quoties legendis animum pasco, Musarum immortalium colloquio interesse mihi videor. Epigrammata duo, quæ nuper Heinsius noster singulari, ut omnia tua solet, suavitate recitabat, dignissima quæ vel aureis columnis inscribantur, adeo me nativa venustate ceperunt, ut semel atque iterum auditâ nunquam ex animo meo posse videantur effluere. Itaque illa loca, quæ propemodum oblivione sepulta divinis versibus sempiternæ hominum memoriæ consecrasti, magis multo vis & decus ingenii tui nobilitant, quam clades &c facinora bellicosissimarum gentium. Mihi quod tuis tam eruditis & venustis oculis exhibeam, nihil unquam ausim polliceri. Libellum quem vides favore tuo dignaberis sanctissimi martyris Hippolyti nomine, olim repertum a me loco obscuro in hominum imperitorum manibus, quem cum Lutetiæ, Tolosano tum temporis, & Parisiensi post summæ doctrinæ & sapientiæ Archiepiscopo Petro de Marca, ut talium erat mire curiosus, ostenderem, non ante vir omnium seculorum memoria dignissimus, instigante plurimum Henrico Valesio, ex ea urbe me est passus discedere, quam libellum istum, ut itineri eram accinctus, opera tumultuaria castigatum, typographo tradidissem. Opusculum est tenue, ἐν ὑπὸ τῶν νομικῶν, ἀπλιστερον πινι ἀχραιοτοπον, ut optime judicabat Photius γνησιον, & refertum gemmulis Ecclesiasticæ vetustatis, qualis est illustris locus alibi frustra quærendus Prophetæ nescio cujus ἀποκρουστ, quem recitat verbis magnificis & prophetici spiritus. Id genus testimoniorum, quanquam est multo rarissimum, esse tamen non absque omni exemplo observavi in aliis S. Patribus ejusdem ætatis, neque dum satis constituto canone, S. Justino, Tertulliano, Clemente & tanti præceptoris successore dignissimo Origene: sed his quid tuas sanctiores horas diutius morer? Deum Opt. Max. supplex rogo, Reverendissime & Celsissime Princeps ut te bono publico quam diutissime sospitem, & gloriæ tuæ cumulum omnibus votis nostris cumulatiorem præstet. XIII. Kal. Mart. CID 13C LXVIII. EPISTOLA XV. FERDINANDUS EPISCOPUS. Ac Princeps Paderbornensis S.P.D. Marquardo Gudio. O Portuisset quidem citius redditum responsum literis tuis, mi Gudi, XIII. Kal. Martias datis, & tanta elegantia, humanitate & amore erga me tam sangu- C
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M. Gudius’s Letters. 17 Indeed I owe and have to you the greatest and immortal thanks, both because you have wished to adorn me with the testimony of your goodwill, and also because, in opening to me, as it were, the doors by your surpassing humanity, you have thereby made it all the more necessary for me to cultivate you more frequently and more diligently; and although in this matter I have said that I am held by a long and enduring fame of your praise and glory, I beg you, Prince Ferdinand, to think that this is done by me much more from my own feeling and judgment, through my chief admiration of the divine monuments of your genius. Truly there is nothing more sublime than your poems, which will survive every age; nothing purer, nor anything composed with greater judgment. Whenever I refresh my mind by reading them, I seem to be taking part in the conversation of the immortal Muses. Two epigrams, which our Heinsius lately recited with that singular sweetness that is usual with all your works, so worthy to be inscribed even on golden columns, captivated me with such natural charm that, having heard them once and then again, they seem never to be able to fade from my mind. And so those passages, which you have consecrated to the eternal memory of men with divine verses, passages almost buried in oblivion, greatly ennoble the power and glory of your genius more than do the defeats and deeds of the most warlike peoples. As for anything that I could present to your so learned and elegant eyes, I would never dare promise anything. The little book you see, which by your favor you will deign to receive under the name of the most holy martyr Hippolytus, was once found by me in a dark place among the hands of unlearned men. When I showed it at Paris, then the Toulouse and Paris of that time, to the Archbishop Peter de Marca, a man most worthy of remembrance in every age, and marvelously curious about such things, he did not allow me to leave that city, urged on greatly by Henry Valesius, before I had handed over that little book to the printer, as I was preparing for my journey, after it had been revised in a hurried manner. It is a slight work, one of those that the lawyers call, I know not what, but Photius judged it genuinely so, and it is full of little gems of ecclesiastical antiquity, such as that illustrious passage elsewhere sought in vain from a prophet I know not whom, which he quotes in magnificent words and with prophetic spirit. I have observed that this kind of testimony, though very rare, is nevertheless not without example in other Fathers of the Church of the same age, and while the canon was not yet fully established: St. Justin, Tertullian, Clement, and Origen, a successor most worthy of so great a teacher. But why should I delay your holier hours any longer with these things? I humbly beg God Almighty, most Reverend and most Serene Prince, to preserve you in health for the common good as long as possible, and to grant that the fullness of your glory be made ever fuller by all our prayers. 13th day before the Kalends of March, 1368. LETTER XV. FERDINAND, BISHOP And Prince of Paderborn, to Marquard Gudius, sends greetings. A reply to your letters, my dear Gudi, dated 13 days before the Kalends of March, should indeed have been returned more quickly, and with such elegance, kindness, and love toward me, so blood-
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. singulari plenis, ut nihil supra. Sed adversa valetudo ex Erysipelate orta, qua[m] in sextam hebdomadam sum conflictatus, invito mihi necessitatem impoluit debitum responsionis officium in hoc tempus differendi. Interim venusta &c diserta illa epistola tua cum adjuncto libello Sanctissimi Martyris Hippolyti, cujus statua & facti chronologici de Paschate, ni fallor, in Bibliotheca Vaticana conspiciuntur, in ipso morbo reddit incredbili me voluptate perfudit, & ægrotum propemodum relevavit. Quare humanitati tuæ debitas propterea gratias habeo, teque majorem in modum rogatum volo, ut aliquam mihi occasionem præbeas meam erga te voluntatem peculiarem, & de tua doctrina opinionem reapse declarandi. In præsentia epigramma Lucæ Holstenii conteranci tui memoriæ jam olim consecratum judicii tui facio. Heinsio vero nostro de tui notitia nobis data plurimum debeo, cujus in Sueciam reverfuri & hac, nisi me fallit, transituri comes futurus luculentius nostram erga te benevolentiam experieris. Vale & me ama. Paderbornæ. III. Non. April. 13 C LXXVIII. EPISTOLA XVI. ALBERTO NIROPIO. Marquardus Gudius. S. D. ETiamsi nulla caussa est, quæ gravissimis tuis negotiis me cogat intercedere, tamen ut magis magisque observantiam erga te meam probarem, non debebat sola ad te proficisci Samuelis nostri epistola. Hujus enim insignis ad optimarum literarum studia propensio ita profecto meretur, ut vobis absque fuco diligentiam juvenis laudem, quam si non dimiserit, me facilius consecuturum polliceor, ut votis vestris abunde satisfaciat. Tuum erit, Amplissime Domine, istiusmodi igniculos bonæ mentis summa diligentia a me excitatos auctoritate tua sovere, currenti calcar addere, adhortari juvenem, ut per studiorum optimorum gradus, omissis inanibus, summa contentione ad sapientiam, & quæ sapientiæ fructus est, ad honores mecum enitatur. Nihil mihi gratius, nihil affini tuo utilius facere poteris. Ignocees solicitudini meæ, qua quantum potero, cavere studeo, ne Musis ereptus corruptissimorum hominum gregi se immisceat. Totum ipsi defero, quicquid ab arte mea possum promittere curæ. Id debebo semper fidei meæ, quam nolim apud vos laborare. Vale, vir Nobilissime, & studiis nostris favc. Lutet. Paris. EPISTOLA XVII. JOHANNI DE SCHRIECK JUto. Marquardus Gudius. S. D. Daventriam, NUdius quartus cum quæ Senatus vester honorifice de me præter omnem expectationem meam judicasset, humanissimis verbis tuis supra quam credi potest & gravi sapientique viro dignis intellexissem, cæpi ex eo
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M. GUDIUS TO EPISTOLÆ. more than fully, so that nothing could be added. But ill health, arising from erysipelas, with which I have been afflicted for the sixth week, has unwillingly imposed upon me the necessity of deferring the duty of reply to this time. Meanwhile your charming and eloquent letter, together with the appended little book of the Most Holy Martyr Hippolytus, whose statue and chronicle of the Paschal matter, if I mistake not, are to be seen in the Vatican Library, in the midst of my illness filled me with incredible delight, and almost relieved the sick man. Wherefore I owe due thanks to your kindness on that account, and I beg you very much to grant me some opportunity of openly declaring my special regard for you and my opinion of your learning. For the present I present the epigram of our Luca Holstenius, long ago consecrated to the memory of your relative, to your judgment. And to our Heinsius I owe very much for the information given us about you, whose return to Sweden and, if I am not mistaken, passage through here, you will experience more clearly as a companion, I trust, in our goodwill toward you. Farewell, and love me. Paderborn. April 5, 1678. EPISTLE XVI. TO ALBERT NIROPUS. Marquard Gudius. S. D. Although there is no cause that should move me to intercede in your weightiest affairs, yet, in order to show more and more my regard for you, the letter of our Samuel alone ought not to have been sent to you. For his remarkable inclination toward the study of good letters truly deserves such praise that, without disguise, I commend to you the diligence of the young man, whose efforts, if he does not abandon them, I promise myself I shall more easily secure, so that he may abundantly satisfy your wishes. It will be your task, Most Honored Sir, to cherish with your authority those sparks of good mind roused by me with the utmost diligence, to add spur to the running horse, to encourage the youth, so that through the steps of the best studies, setting aside empty things, he may with the greatest effort strive with me toward wisdom and toward honors, which are the fruit of wisdom. Nothing could be more pleasing to me, nothing more useful to your kinsman. Forgive my concern, by which I strive, as much as I can, to take care lest, snatched from the Muses, he mingle himself with a crowd of the most corrupt men. I entrust everything to him, whatever I can promise from my skill and care. I shall always owe this to my fidelity, which I would not have fail among you. Farewell, most noble sir, and favor our studies. Paris. EPISTLE XVII. TO JOHANN DE SCHRIECK, JUNIOR. Marquard Gudius. S. D. Deventer, The other day, when your Senate had judged of me, to my complete surprise, in an honorable manner, I had understood from your most kind words, beyond what can be believed and worthy of a grave and wise man, I began from that time to...
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLA. 19 eo die rerum mearum pondera, quemadmodum receperam, mecum experiri paulo diligentius, atque illa præsertim, quæ voluntati meæ dixeram intercedere, magna cum cura diu multumque ambiguus in utramque partem excussi. Flagrabam mea sponte, uti facile potuisti perspicere, nescio quo, certe magno & miro vobiscum vivendi desiderio, postquam vero accessisset auctoritas Ordinis amplissimi, de meis studiis tam benigne sentientis; non credas, quam me sollicitum habuerit rerum mearum deliberatio. Nihil quidem intentatum omisi, quod ab homine civitatis vestræ cupidissimo præstari potuisset. Sed omnis ille conatus, quod doleo, contra cadit atque ego velim. Rationes meæ, ut nunc jacent, non sinunt in re tam gravi quicquam statuere, & me licet dissentientem tenent. Itaque beatissimo secessu vestro me fraudo propemodum invitus, & quod superest, amplissimo Senatus, & Curatorum collegio gratias quas possum quidem maximas ago atque immortales, quod ornatum me voluerint testimonio judicii sui. Deum Opt. Max. supplex rogo, ut nobilissimæ vetustissimæque civitati tales viros conservet, sub quibus nunquam non esse possit laudata foris, domi tranquilla, bonis omnibus florentissima. Hæc publico: tibi privatim vix minora debeo, Schriecki prudentissime, qui mandatis publicis graviter & mirifice functus, omnibus cumulatum me officiis, protinus in amicitiam tuam recipere voluisti; quam singularem tuam benevolentiam nunquam ex animo meo effluere patiar, operamque dabo, ut apud memorem te virum beneficium posuisse, posthac ipse sentias. Vale vir Amplissime. EPISTOLA XVIII. AMPLISSIMIS CURATORIBUS GYMNASII DAVENTRIENSIS. Mæquardus Gudius. S. D. UT egregio de me judicio vestro plurimum lætor, eoque nomine maxime ad vos velis remisque contendissem, ita multum indolui necessitati, per quam mihi tam esse fortunato non licet: illa tamen, quæcunque sit, cum sit , vobis sapientibus viris me, ut confido, omnibus modis excusabit. Ego quidem quod amplius deliberandum putem, non reperio: & cum plane nihil videam spei superesse, qua id de me possum polliceri, nefas sit mihi commoda juventutis vestræ morari. Cujus consilii ne deprecari cogar invidiam, vos mihi veniam, quæ vestra est benignitas, ultro facietis. Hoc autem vos etiam atque etiam rogatum volo, ut quod haud temere; nec levicula ratione statuisse mihi videor, optimam in partem cognoscatis, & quem benevolentia vestra dignum censuistis, auctoritate, qua multum valetis, constanter tueamini; id ne pluribus aut diligentioribus verbis vos rogem, singuli facio fiducia, cum sit hoc civitati vestræ prope fataliter datum, ut ametis literas, hominibusque bonarum artium studiosis optime cupiatis, quo pulcherrimo consilio Musarum atque immortalitatis illam multis nominibus florentem C 2 offici-
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M. GUDIUS’S EPISTLE. 19 On that very day I examined more carefully, as I had resolved, the burdens of my affairs, and especially those things which I had said were interfering with my inclination; long and anxiously I weighed the matter on both sides. I was burning of my own accord, as you could easily perceive, with I know not what, certainly a great and remarkable desire to live with you; but when the authority of the most distinguished Order, so kindly disposed toward my studies, had been added, you cannot imagine how troubled I was by the deliberation over my affairs. I omitted nothing untried that could have been done by a man most eager for your city. But all that effort, to my sorrow, turns out against what I would wish. My circumstances, as they now stand, do not allow me to determine anything in so serious a matter, and keep me, though dissenting, in place. Thus I almost unwillingly deprive myself of your most blessed retirement, and for the rest I give the amplest Senate and the college of Curators the greatest thanks I can, and indeed everlasting thanks, for wishing to honor me with the testimony of their judgment. I pray God Almighty that He may preserve such men for that most noble and most ancient city, under whom it may never fail to be praised abroad, tranquil at home, and flourishing with every blessing. These things I say publicly; privately I owe hardly less to you, most prudent Schrieck, who, having discharged the public commissions gravely and admirably, and having heaped me with all manner of services, immediately wished to receive me into your friendship. That singular goodwill of yours I shall never allow to fade from my heart, and I shall take care that hereafter you yourself may feel that you have placed a favor with a grateful man. Farewell, most distinguished sir. EPISTLE XVIII. TO THE MOST DISTINGUISHED CURATORS OF THE GYMNASIUM OF DEVENTER. Maquardus Gudius. S. D. Although I greatly rejoice in your excellent judgment concerning me, and for that reason would most eagerly have come to you with all sails and oars, yet I have greatly grieved over the necessity, through which it is not allowed me to be so fortunate; still, whatever that necessity may be, since it exists, it will, I trust, excuse me in every way to you, wise men that you are. For my part I find nothing else that I think needs further deliberation; and since I see plainly that no hope remains whereby I could promise this of myself, it would be wrong for me to delay the advantage of your youth. Lest I be compelled to deprecate the ill will of this decision, you will of your own accord grant me pardon, as is your kindness. But this I especially and repeatedly ask of you: that what I seem to myself to have decided not rashly, nor on any trivial grounds, you may understand in the best possible sense, and that him whom you have judged worthy of your goodwill you may steadfastly protect with that authority by which you are greatly powerful; and so that I may not ask this of you with more or more careful words, I do it singly out of confidence, since it has been almost fatefully granted to your city that you love letters and show the best goodwill toward men devoted to the liberal arts, by which most beautiful purpose that city, flourishing in many ways in the service of the Muses and of immortality, C 2 offici-
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. officinam præstabitis profecto beatissimam, ceterisque omnibus quotquot sunt, invidendam Academiis. Ego licet hoc tempore vester esse non possum, animum tamen meum vobis devoveo, ex quo gratissimam me- moriam tam insignis vestræ voluntatis & benevolentiæ nulla unquam oblivio delebit. Valete & ut facitis, bono reip. feliciter rem geritè. Amstelodami Idib. Maj. c13 15c Lxviii. EPISTOLA XIX. JOHANNI GEORGIO GRAEVIO. Marquardus Gudius. S. P. D. Dusburgum, Posteaquam ex hac urbe discesseras, quia reditum profitebaris, dies profe- ctionis tuæ sollicitis articulis computabam: aliquando morose, ut solent, qui quod amant, insolentius desiderant. Tu vero qualicunque domum redi- tionis oportunitate captus, rationem itineris præter opinionem nostram mu- tasti; quod quia commodo tuo factum esse suspicor, fero facile, nisi quod hoc consilio te mihi elapsum imprudenti esse, & nihil tibi officiorum meorum constitisse doleam, quibus te debebam ad te tuosque demittere. Et certe ita volui, ut intelligeres, Grævi Clarissime, te homini neque impudenti cupere neque ingrato, cujus erga te insignis propensio quævis sibi officia imperare po- terat. Nam qui a prima nostra Ersturtensi conductudine te diligentissime ob- servo, facioque semper magni, literarum duntaxat optimarum nomine, qui- bus exquisitissimum ingenium tuum exornasti, jam si pateris, etiam mirifice diligo, quod singularem tuam erga me benevolentiam multis modis nuper de- clarabas. Ex eo tempore me sustinui, ne ad te prius ipse quid scriberem, quam referre possem de negotio, cujus tu mentionem injeceras; sed quia tanto in- tervallo ne prima quidem istarum rerum initia cognosco, nolo scriptionem meamlevi lentaque earum expectatione ultra morari. Videntur quod in diem abiere, prorsus cecidisse contra atque optabantur: tametsi non studium ope- ramque tuam sed fortunam conjecturæ nostræ accuso, quæ quam levissime in ipso ortu disperiit. Quod si ita est, fac saltem ut sciam; neque enim ullum ex infecta re dolorem capio, neque eo secius egregiam tuam voluntatem amo. Aspernamur sine molestia, sine dolore, quæ haberi non possunt. Quare fru- stra mihi caves, ne homini præsertim fastidioso nimis videarappetere. Con- silium boni animi prudentiæque tuæ rationem agnosco, parum abes ab illustri Historico, qui Augustum specie recusantis flagrantissime cupiisse indicat. Sed si ne imprudenter me obtrudam, metuis, plane tibi sum ignotus. Ego vero, nisi sponte & natura mea ab istiusmodi ambitionibus abhorrerem, quas profe- cto fugio, licet omnia hodie virtutis præmia possideant, ex ea tamen, quam inter homines vivo atque agito, communi vita moneri poteram, ne aut insci- te, quod solent errores sine fronte , aut ar- roganter homo novus me ignotissimo cuique objicerem, studia officiaque mea fortasse
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M. GUDIUS, IN THE EPISTLES. you will certainly provide the happiest of workshops, and one to be envied by all the Academies. Although at this time I cannot be yours, I nevertheless devote my mind to you, from which no forgetting will ever erase the most welcome memory of so notable a display of your goodwill and kindness. Farewell, and, as you are doing, conduct the affairs of the commonwealth successfully and happily. Amsterdam, the Ides of May, 16— 68. EPISTLE XIX. TO JOHANN GEORG GRAEVIUS. Marquard Gudius. Greetings. Duisburg, After you had departed from this city, since you had promised to return, I was counting the days of your journey with anxious reckoning: at times impatiently, as those do who desire what they love all the more ardently. But you, seized by whatever opportunity for returning home presented itself, changed the course of your journey contrary to my expectation; and because I suspect this was done for your convenience, I bear it easily, except that I grieve that by this plan you eluded me unawares, and that none of my services proved of any account to you, though I ought to have devoted them to you and yours. And indeed I wished it so, that you might understand, most distinguished Graevius, that you are dealing with a man who is neither shameless nor ungrateful, and whose remarkable regard for you could command any services for itself. For since from the time of our first acquaintance at Erfurt I have watched you very carefully, and have always held you in the highest esteem, for the sake of those best of letters with which you have adorned your most excellent talent, now, if you allow it, I also love you greatly, because you have recently shown your singular goodwill toward me in many ways. From that time I have restrained myself, not to write to you before I could report on the business of which you had made mention; but since after so long an interval I do not even know the beginnings of those matters, I do not wish to delay my letter any longer by a trivial and lingering expectation of them. It seems that the matters have fallen through altogether, contrary to what was desired: though I blame not your zeal and effort but Fortune itself for my conjecture, which perished most lightly at its very birth. If that is so, do at least let me know; for I take no sorrow from an unfulfilled matter, nor do I thereby love your excellent goodwill any the less. We can bear without annoyance, without pain, what cannot be had. Why then do you vainly guard against my seeming to seek you out too much, especially since I am somewhat fastidious? I recognize the counsel of your good judgment and prudence; you are not far from that famous historian who says that Augustus, under the appearance of refusing, most ardently desired. But if you fear that I may thrust myself upon you imprudently, then I am plainly unknown to you. For my part, unless by my own free will and nature I were already averse to such ambitions, which indeed I avoid, although today all the rewards of virtue are in your possession, nevertheless from the common life in which I live and act among men I might be warned not to push myself, either ignorantly, as errors without shame are wont to do, or arrogantly as a new man before anyone at all unknown to me, my studies and services perhaps
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. 21 fortasse non desideranti. Nunquam fracto ita atque abjecto animo fui, ut quasi mancipium de catasta propter unius alteriusve anni saginam tantis precibus & lenociniis supplicarem, meque illiberali conatu in molestissimam servitutem traderem. Tamen quod de profutura studiis meis provincia diligenter circumspiciam, me adeo cogunt calamitosissima hæc tempora, in quæ ego incidi, quæque innumeris me difficultatibus afficiunt. Non diffitebor, industriam debilitant & igniculos animi pene extinguunt. Fracta navi, inquit vetus auctor ad Herennium, multi incolumes evasere, ex naufragio patria nemo salvus enatabit. Sed nisi ego jactura, quam feci, rerum mearum, tamen uti debeo, maxime commoveor internecione patriæ, cujus deformatam ruinis incendiisque profecto cadaverosam faciem nunquam sine dolore & lacrymis intuebimur. Ita infelix Cimbria perversissimis eorum consiliis perit, quorum levissimis arbitriis tenetur! Nosti quos dicam. Qui nisi concussi, victi, perditi, jamque in extrema fortunarum omnium linea constituti flagitiosam vitam tueri non poterant: namque omnis antiqua virtus, quæ aliquando in hac natione regnabat, a multis annis luxu consumta est. Cæterum si quis hujus socordiæ in unum regem causam transferet, ne illum ego aut iniquum aut plane harum rerum inscium esse arbitror. Nullo per orbem terræ regno primariorum quorundam virorum astuta suique commodi diligentissima factio iniquioribus cum principe conditionibus transigit: quem ad pacta turpissima eo sacramento astringit, ut ne, si velit quidem, possit bene omnia & ex usu publico facere. Quod utinam ipsa Resp. tantas injurias hominibus narrare posset, minus dubito, quin viros quosque optimos in commiserationem Regis optimi adduceret. Vides quam ægre, quæ domesticis suorum petulantius non sufficit, tantos fortissimæ gentis impetus sustineat: sustinuit tamen hactenus non adeo sua virtute, quam Dei beneficio. Ille tandem nostri misereatur, & reliquias facultatum nostrarum in tutum collocet. , nisi ille manum admoverit. Quorsum ista? quid me querelis exanimas euis? inquies. Nimirum quæ ipse non scribo absque molestia & motu animi, scribenda erant, ut acerbitatem fortunæ meæ cognosceres. , quod est apud Euripidem. Sed ego insinum tuum meas solicitudines volui exponere, quia te salutis meæ curam suscepisse animadvertebam. Ea omnino apud me est integritatis tuæ fiducia, ut te sine suspicione ad animi mei penetralia admittam. Potero quidem egomet ipse levi negotio rationibus meis prospicere, si meorum voluntati obsequor, quibus id consilii, ea cura est, ut ab istis, quod ajunt, inanissimorum studiorum oblectamentis in aulam me quoquo modo extrudant. Sed parum me movent: ita enim constitutum est mihi, nunquam hasce qualescunque literulas, altrices adolescentiæ meæ, nisi cum ipsa vita, deponere. Malo cujusmodicunque Musas mihi meas illibatas adhuc atque integras esse, quam immaturas arbitriis & libidini corruptissimorum hominum locare. Quod igitur superest, nisi plane omni spe excidimus, rogo te ut quod cepisti, conficias, &, C 3
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M. GUDIUS, LETTERS. 21 perhaps to one who does not even desire it. Never have I been so broken and cast down in spirit as to beg, like a slave displayed on the auction block, with such prayers and blandishments for the fattening of a year or two, and by so unworthy an attempt to deliver myself into the most irksome servitude. Yet the very calamitous times into which I have fallen, and which subject me to countless difficulties, compel me to look carefully around for a province that may prove useful to my studies. I shall not deny that they weaken industry and almost extinguish the sparks of the mind. “In a shattered ship,” says an old writer to Herennius, “many have escaped unhurt; from the shipwreck of the fatherland no one will come safely forth.” But unless I am deeply moved by the loss of my possessions, which I have suffered, I am most affected by the destruction of the fatherland, whose face, disfigured by ruins and fires and surely cadaverous, we shall never behold without grief and tears. Thus unhappy Cimbriæ perishes through the most perverse counsels of those by whose slightest whims it is governed! You know whom I mean. Men who, unless shaken, defeated, ruined, and already standing on the very brink of all fortunes, could not preserve their infamous lives; for all the old virtue, which once reigned in this nation, has been consumed by luxury for many years now. Yet if anyone should lay the cause of this indolence upon a single king, I think that man either unjust or wholly ignorant of these matters. In no kingdom upon the face of the earth does the crafty and most self-interested faction of certain leading men deal with the prince on more unequal terms: it binds him by that most shameful oath to such agreements that, even if he wished, he could not do what is good in all respects and for the public welfare. Would that the very Republic could tell men of such injuries; I scarcely doubt that it would move the best of men to compassion for the best of kings. You see how hardly she endures assaults from a people whom even the insolence of her own household does not satisfy; yet thus far she has endured, not so much by her own virtue as by God's help. May He at last take pity on us and place the remnants of our means in safety. Unless He stretches forth His hand. Why all this? you will say, why exhaust me with your complaints? Surely what I write with no little distress and agitation of mind had to be written, so that you might know the bitterness of my fortune. That is the passage in Euripides. But I wished to lay my anxieties before your understanding, because I saw that you had undertaken care for my safety. Such, indeed, is my confidence in your integrity that I admit you without suspicion into the innermost chambers of my mind. I could certainly, with little trouble, provide for my own affairs, if I were to comply with the wishes of my relatives, whose concern it is, as they say, to thrust me by any means whatever into the court, lured by the delights of the emptiest studies. But they move me little: for I have resolved never to lay aside these poor little writings, the nurturers of my youth, except with life itself. I prefer that whatever Muses are mine should still remain inviolate and intact, rather than entrust them, immature as they are, to the judgment and lust of the most corrupted men. Therefore, what remains, unless we have entirely lost all hope, I ask you to carry through what you have begun, and, C 3
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&, ubi opus erit, negotio fidem diligentiamque tuam adhibeas. Id te qui- dem ultro facturum esse confido, non tam mea quam literarum causa, quas uterque colimus, tu vero etiam ornas atque illuminas. Sed hanc operam te præsertim rogo, si honestis, non sordidis, non iniquisme conditionibus in- vitatum iri censes: sin, quod me negligat, minus dolebo. Quoquo se mo- do res habeant, velim me quamprimum facias certiorem. Ubi tuas accepero, Leidam revertar. Ex ea urbe in Brabantiam ire constitui, & ad viros doctos invisere: quibus si quid velis, quod quidem diligenter curatum velis, mihi manda. De rebus literariis multa erant, quæ ad te perscriberem: sed patientiæ tuæ rationem habeo. Satis jam molestiæ devorasti: namque epistolam ac- cipis incompositam, verbis & rebus futilissimis affluentem. Sed hanc culpam deprecor, quam alias brevitate emendabo. Holstenii Inscriptiones libenter in aliud tempus differo: quia nisi plures accedant, non operæ pretium eruditis, sed viro summo injuriam facere videor, quem cognovi in divulgandis suis su- perstitiosissimum esse. Quæ in literis ipse commentor, leviora sunt; sensum maturescunt: non parturio; tamen nascuntur mihi quotidie in evolvendis ve- terum scriptis conjecturæ, quibus, quod præfiscini scriptum esto, multa loca & obscura & corrupta illustrabo. Plymerus, beneficio tuo, non videtur de- esse meis consiliis. Tu vero quid agas, quid mediteris, quidve primum ab- solvas, scire admodum cupio. Nihil nisi magnum perfectumque ab ingenio tuo expectamus. Quando Daventriam te transiturum putas, quæso, indica: quippe frequentioribus te literis conveniam, & si tibi commodum est, super aliquot doctissimorum veterum locis capita conferemus. Morus in quibus- libet locis morat ut lepus in saxo, crebras sui expectationes commovet jam ab ipso tui discessu: diu hæsit Antverpiæ: hodie fertur Hagæ-Comitum subsi- stere. Fore tamen, ut cis paucos dies ad nos accedat, omnes suspicantur. Quod si tuis literis possem utcunque in opinionem viri irrepere, novo me be- neficio tibi obstringes. Vale, Vir Doctissime, meque ama. Hæc obsignatu- rus, inopinato gaudio perfundimur: constanti enim fama ad nos ex Dania per- fertur, Suedos furibundum, sed inanem sibique exitiosum impetum fecisse in Hafniam. Urbs magno animo irruentes excepit, summa strage confecit. sed ista vobis jam nota esse conjicio. Amstelodami. vi. Eid. Mart. CDIXLIX. EPISTOLA XX. JOHANNI GEORGIO GRAEVIO. Marquardus Gudius S. D. Dusburgum. M[anu] ita literarum tuarum expectatione teneor. Amstelodami diem ex die duxi, Mut iis responderes, quæ verbosius ad te perscripseram. Quin enim tuto tibi reddita sint, non dubito. Nullam potui causam fingere tui silentii: jam- que solicitudinis aliquid habebam de valetudine. Morus te sibi eandem ope- ram
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And, wherever necessary, you will apply your fidelity and diligence to the matter. Indeed, I am confident that you will do this of your own accord, not so much for my sake as for the sake of letters, which we both cherish, though you adorn and illuminate them even more. But I especially ask this favor of you, if you think that he is to be invited on honorable, not sordid, not unfair terms; if not, because he neglects me, I shall feel less distress. However matters may stand, I should like you to inform me as soon as possible. When I have received yours, I shall return to Leiden. From that city I have decided to go into Brabant, and to visit learned men: if there is anything you wish with regard to them, and especially if you wish it to be carefully attended to, entrust it to me. There were many things about literary matters that I could write to you; but I have regard for your patience. You have already swallowed enough annoyance; for you receive a letter that is disordered, overflowing with the most trivial words and matters. But I ask pardon for this fault, which I shall make up for elsewhere by brevity. I gladly defer Holsteinius’ Inscriptions to another time: for unless more are added, I seem to be doing not work worth the effort for scholars, but an injury to that great man, whom I have learned to be most superstitious in publishing his own works. The matters I myself devise in letters are of less importance; they are ripening in my mind. I do not bring them forth in labor; nevertheless, every day conjectures are born to me while I am turning over the writings of the ancients, by which, what should not be stated in advance, I shall illuminate many passages, both obscure and corrupt. Plymerus, by your favor, does not seem to be lacking to my plans. But what you are doing, what you are thinking about, or what you will complete first, I greatly wish to know. We expect nothing from your talent except what is great and perfected. When do you think you will be passing through Deventer? I beg you, let me know; for then I shall meet you by more frequent letters, and if it is convenient for you, we shall confer about the chief passages in several of the most learned ancients. Morus, in whatever places, lingers like a hare on a rock; ever since your departure he has been stirring up frequent expectations of himself: he lingered for a long time at Antwerp; today he is said to be staying at The Hague. Yet everyone supposes that within a few days he will come to us. If by your letters I could in some way creep into the man’s esteem, you would bind me to yourself with a new kindness. Farewell, most learned sir, and love me. As I am about to seal this, we are suddenly overwhelmed with joy: for constant rumor is brought to us from Denmark that the Swedes have made a furious but vain and ruinous attack on Copenhagen. The city, with great spirit, received the assailants and destroyed them with immense slaughter. But I suspect that these things are already known to you. Amsterdam, 6th day before the Ides of March, CDIXLIX. EPISTOLA XX. TO JOHANN GEORG GRAEVIUS. Marquard Gudius sends greetings. Duisburg. I am held fast by expectation of your letters. I passed day after day in Amsterdam, wondering whether you would reply to the things I had written to you at greater length. Indeed, I do not doubt that they were safely delivered to you. I could devise no cause for your silence, and already I had some anxiety about your health. Morus the same work for himself
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLE. 23 ram debere querebatur. Tandem vero in hac urbe ex Gronovio nostro te do- mo abesse intellexi, & inter novas tuas affinitates causam familiæ herciscundæ agere. Ea negotia, si ab iis patrocinium silentio petes, te mihi facile excusabunt. Libenter enim mea desideria tantis tuis commodis posthabebo. No- lim tamen omnino ex animo tuo effluere. Tu quidem non debebas negligere hominem tui studiosissimum. Age sodes, eam mihi suspicionem eripe, & nulla interposita mora gratissimum officium tuum rede. Scire aveo, quo in loco se habeat negotium, cujus tractationi studium tuum profitebaris. Quod si plane frigeat, per me quidem perire poterit. Nullam nisi voti nostri jacturam fecimus: nihil me ista movent: modo respondeas, nostramque diligen- ter amicitiam foveas. Hoc unum hisce literis te monco, hoc impense rogo. Moro valde acceptus nullo negotio sui in familiaribus. Felicissimi ingenii dotes etiam nunc in eo viro suspicio, quidquid alii sentiant. Superioribus die- bus discessit, impetrata Amstelodami non invita quidem, tamen honesta mis- sione. Nuper in eam urbem reversus jam sua prius convasaverat, quam quid de adventu innotesceret. Igitur cum ego cum salutarem, multis sibi modis dolere simulabat, quod libros, quæque aut descripta aut suis curis confecta haberet, non pervidissem. Hisce rationibus natum mihi est qualecunque Elegidion, quod ad te mitto, GRAEVI emendatissime, non ut elegantissimos oculos tuos morari debeat, sed quia ad communem nostrum amicum conscriptum est. Tu, quem tritas habere aures censeo legendis vete- rum venustissimorumque poëtarum carminibus, quæso te, meas mihi stribili- gines audacter indica. Plura ad te volebam, sed jamjam excurro Hagam. ideo- que hæc propere. Gronovius [n]o[n] te amicissimis verbis salutat. Vale, Vir Clarissime, & de rebus nostris me quamprimum fac certiorem. Migrationem tibi feliciter evenire volo. Lugduni Batavorum. a. d. XII. Kal. Majas 13 13C LIX. Literas tuas sive ad Pluymerum, sive potius in diversorium meum Amstelo- damense mittes. EPISTOLA XXI. JOHANNI GEORGIO GRAEVIO. Marquardus Gudius S. D. Diventriam. Nuper videre memini penes Vossium binos libellos Casauboni, qui ut tu- to ad te perferrentur, rogaverat: namque eorum alteri præfixum erat no- men tuum, æterno apud posteros testimonio, quam te virtutemque & doctri- nam tuam intellexerint pene extra orbem nostrum optimates literarum elegan- tium. Quin utrumque acceperis, minus dubito, præsertim quod pro singu- lari & nunquam satis laudanda humanitate sua Amplissimus Heinsius sese con- festim curaturum pollicebatur. Sin adhuc præter opinionem meam dono ami- ci
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M. GUDIUS’ EPISTLES. 23 complained that the letter ought to be sought out. But at last, in this city, I learned from our Gronovius that you were absent from home and were conducting, among your new connections, a family division case. Those business matters, if you seek their patronage in silence, will easily excuse you to me. For I shall gladly put my own wishes after such great conveniences of yours. Yet I should not want you to slip entirely out of my mind. Surely you ought not to have neglected a man most devoted to you. Come, I pray you, remove that suspicion from me, and without any delay return your very welcome service. I am eager to know in what condition the business stands, for the handling of which you professed your zeal. If it is altogether cold, it can certainly perish without harm to me. We have suffered no loss except of our wish: nothing in that matters to me, so long as you answer and diligently cherish our friendship. This one thing I warn you of in these letters; this I earnestly ask. Moro is very agreeable, with no trouble in his domestic affairs. I still suspect in that man the gifts of the happiest intellect, whatever others may think. On the previous days he departed, having obtained from Amsterdam a mission not unwillingly granted indeed, yet honorable. Recently returned to that city, he had already packed away his things before it became known that he was coming. Accordingly, when I greeted him, he pretended in many ways to be upset that I had not examined the books and whatever he had either copied out or prepared with his own care. From these considerations there came into being for me some little Elegy, which I am sending to you, most accomplished GRAEVIUS, not that it should detain your most elegant eyes, but because it was composed for our common friend. You, whom I think have ears worn by reading the poems of the ancient and most charming poets, I beg you to point out boldly to me my little trifles. I intended to write more, but I am already hurrying off to The Hague; therefore this is hurriedly written. Gronovius greets you with very friendly words. Farewell, most distinguished sir, and let me know as soon as possible about our affairs. I wish your move to go happily. From Leiden, on the 12th day before the Kalends of May, 1659. Send your letters either to Pluymer, or rather to my lodging in Amsterdam. EPISTLE XXI. TO JOHANN GEORG GRAEVIUS. Marquard Gudius sends greetings. Diventriam. Recently, I remember seeing at Vossius’s the two little books of Casaubon, which he had asked to be safely delivered to you; for to one of them your name was prefixed, as an eternal testimony to posterity of how well they understood your virtue and your learning among the leading men of letters, almost beyond our world. Indeed, that you received both, I do not doubt, especially since the most eminent Heinsius, out of his extraordinary and never sufficiently praised kindness, had promised that he himself would take care of it at once. But if, contrary to my expectation, as a gift from a friend...
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24 M. GUDII EPISTOLÆ. ci tui cares, faciam libentissime, ubi rescivero, ut ne diutius desiderium tuum sufflaminetur. Fidem operamque meam quavis occasione meritistuis probare aveo. Quam velim ad promissionis meæ diligentiam, quæ desiderabas, ex Vossiano libro transcripsisse! Sed subterfugienti nihil debebam rerum suarum eripere. Nosti varietatem tanti viri. Luget matris suæ funus, quod impedimento fuit, ne sæpe atque iterum de minutis notationibus interpellarem. Revertar autem Hagam die crastini, & quoad potero, summa ope enitar, ut voto nostro satisfaciam. Prolixiora voluntati erga me tuæ debeo, quam satis superque in negotio Duysburgensi perspectam etiam nunc mirifice exosculor. Quod enim opinioni eventus non responderit, [uncia] [n]o[n] [con]div[er]s[us] [con]div[er]s[us] [con]div[er]s[us]. Propensionem tuam pluris facio, atque omnem fructum etiamsi uberrimum. Solam triumvirorum nostrorum sententiam auro omni atque stipendio contra æstimo. Insignia virtutis multi etiam sine virtute consecuti sunt: talium virorum tanta studia assequi sola virtus potest. Equidem arrogantiam omnem maximopere fastidio, tamen blandimenta ista, quæ ex amore virtutum proficiscuntur, aut mihi aut Ciceroni ignoscas velim. Cæterum Dei immortalis beneficio & singulari virin incomparabilis Gronovii nostri diligentia saluti studiorum meorum egregia istiusmodi ratione prospectum est, quæ multis parasangis superat inertem secessum istum in Rheni litore. Nuper tradebatur Hagæ curis meis adolescens, aut juvenis potius nobilis & locupletissimus, quem regere obnoxium, & per Galliam Italiam atque alias Europæ regiones vitæ studiorumque præfectus comitarer. Præter liberum omnem sumptum promissum est liberale & lautum congiarium, adjuncto etiam servulo jussis meis parituro. Initio mensis proximi bonis avibus iter ingressuri Galliam terram petere constituimus. Ecce autem quam dierum aliquot spatio in salutem meam conspirent fata, quæ tandem videntur acerbitatem exuisse: undique ne cogitanti quidem sese jam offerunt opimæ & studiis liberalibus satis commodæ occasiones. Consules opulentissimæ urbis diu multumque hæsitantes tandem me ultro evocaverant sumptu satis splendido, ut egregio publico animadversiones Bloudellianas curarem: jamque domi habebam volumina Baronii, cum literæ [n]o[n] [con]v[er]v[er]u Gronovii redderentur, quæ provinciam laudatam offerebant, cujus pacta confestim Hagam excurrents confeci: ideoque Amstelodamensibus, quorum arbitrio conditionibus adhuc suspensis, sumptu nondum consignato, minime teneor, quam proxime, quanquam, ut solent, prolixis verbis ex ista occasione spem professionis fecerant, commendatum opus restituam. Redeuntem ante aliquot dies, facta jam Hagæ stipulatione, me excepit in hac urbe Mori nostri epistola, & quam humanissime singulari verborum lenocinio ad honestam æque optimamque stationem invitavit, ut Salmurii in Amyraldi celeberrimi Theologi ædibus viri nobilissimi, inter regni primarios, filiis duobus ad Historiam veterem docendam præssem. Ostendit præter stipendium sexcentarum librarum anuum, e vestigio, dummodo adesse pollicerer, pro itinere centum libras in hisce regionibus peti posse. Hæc, Gravi Doctissime, quæ præfiscini narro, pro
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If yours are lacking, I shall do it most gladly, as soon as I learn of it, so that your desire may not be delayed any longer. I am eager, on every occasion, to prove my good faith and service to you for your merits. How I wish I had transcribed, from the Vossian book, that diligence in my promise which you desired! But I ought not to have wrested anything from a man who was trying to evade it as to his own affairs. You know the variety of that great man. He laments his mother's funeral, which was an obstacle to my often and repeatedly troubling him about these small notes. I shall, however, return to The Hague tomorrow, and as far as I can I shall strain every effort to satisfy our wish. I owe your more abundant goodwill toward me, which I still admire beyond measure and with the deepest respect, as I have also fully and even now wonderfully acknowledged in the Duisburg affair. For, because the outcome did not correspond to expectation, [unclear fragment]. I value your inclination more than any reward, even if it were most abundant. I set the judgment of our three men against all gold and stipend. Many have also obtained the badges of virtue without virtue: only virtue can attain the great zeal of such men. Indeed I most strongly dislike all arrogance; nevertheless I should like you to pardon either me or Cicero for those flatteries which spring from a love of virtue. Moreover, by the benefit of the immortal God and by the singular diligence of our incomparable Grovonius, provision has been made for the welfare of my studies by an excellent arrangement of this kind, which surpasses by many parasangs that idle retreat on the bank of the Rhine. Recently there was being entrusted to my care at The Hague a young man, or rather a noble and very wealthy youth, whom I was to guide, attached to him as tutor, and accompany through France, Italy, and other regions of Europe as director of his life and studies. Besides complete freedom from expense, a generous and ample allowance was promised, with even a servant added who would obey my orders. At the beginning of the coming month we have decided, under favorable auspices, to set out and make for France. And behold, within the space of a few days, how the fates seem to conspire for my safety, having at last laid aside their bitterness: on every side, even when I am not thinking of it, opportunities rich and quite suitable for liberal studies now present themselves. The consuls of the very wealthy city, after long hesitation, had at last of their own accord summoned me at a rather handsome expense, so that I might attend to Bloudell's observations for the benefit of the public; and I already had Baronio's volumes at home when letters from Grovonius were returned, offering that praised appointment, whose terms I immediately settled after running over to The Hague. Therefore I am not bound to the Amsterdam men, under whose discretion the conditions are still in suspense and the expense not yet settled, and I shall return the recommended work as soon as possible, although, as is their custom, they had, with lengthy words, held out hopes of a professorship on this occasion. When I returned a few days ago, after the agreement had already been made at The Hague, I was met in this city by a letter from our Mori, and he very courteously, with singular persuasion of language, invited me to an honorable and most excellent position, namely to preside at Saumur in the house of the celebrated theologian Amyraldus, among the foremost men of the kingdom, to teach ancient history to two sons. He indicated that, besides a stipend of six hundred pounds a year, immediately, provided I promised to come, one hundred pounds could be obtained here for the journey. These things, most learned Sir, which I tell you beforehand, to
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M. GUDI I E P I S T O LÆ. 25 pro eximia naturæ tuæ bonitate; equidem absque invidia accipies, sed non absque fastidio: tamen quia te sine colore, sine fuco impensis saluti meæ cupere intellexi, non reticenda erant, quæ evenere. Etiam in patriam nuperrime accitus bella & dudum expectata peregrinandi occasione. Sed jam frustra sunt. Relictis enim aliis omnibus pacta Hagensia servare constitui; ecquid miraris? quæso te, rideamus hujuscemodi ludibria, quæ nunquam opinionis meæ con- stantiam movebunt. Ita hominum communis vita vivitur! Fortuna sævo lata negotio Ludum insolentem ludere pertinax Transmutat incertos honores, Nunc mihi, nunc aliis benigna. Sero aut errorem suum aut innocentiam meam levissima ista meretricula agnoscit. Multa habeo quæ de studiis nostris communibus ad te libentissime per- scriberem; sed excludor tempore. Occupationes aliæ diem consumunt: ideoque nocte concubia scribem ista quæ accipis. Exiguum hoc officium in declara- randa observantia aut potius pietate erga te mea libenter consumo: sed præter illam duæ potissimum causæ aliæ ad scribendum me impulerunt. Primum oro te atque obtestor ut quantum poteris celerrime remittas catalogum meum, Erffurteniem. Nihil hoc tempore gratius mihi facere poteris. Non tanti qui- dem sunt chartulæ, quæ magnam partem ostendunt futilium librorum latibula: tamen ut amicorum meorum accurationi satis fiat, multa ratione a me desiderantur. Amo te multum; cura ne super levissimis schediis humanitatem tuam bis conveniam. Nosti profectionem meam quam proxime instantem. Alterum est quod scire cupio, an Hardervici quidquam inveneris Valerio meo proficuum. Ita opto & voveo. Expecto autem ut hac de re quamprimum certiorem me facias: quod etiam atque etiam te rogo. Literas tuas cum catalogo mittes in di- versorium meum quod est, ut nosti, sub signo Principis Dania: namque ante initium Novembris, hoc est ante abitum meum in hanc urbem redibo. Vale & me ama. Amstelodami XIV. Octob. 13 IX LIX. Catalogi eam partem, quam a te accepi, Pluymero tradam: a quo petes etiam fragmenta Ciceronis, quæ promisi. Lectiss. uxorem tuam saluto. E P I S T O L A XXII. JOHANNI GEORGIO GRAEVIO. Marquardus Gudius S. D. Ultrajectum. Æ Gra manu hæc ad te. Ingratum hospitem, cum quo nulla unquam mi- hi consuetudo intercessit, magno meo incommodo alio, quem quidem veluti humanæ sortis monitorem non iniquo animo ferrem, nisi omni exuta humanitate permanasset in venas, & in delicatissimis visceribus sedem fixis- set. Quis novus hic? inquies, carnifex, informe monstrum, nihil habens communis sensus, uno verbo, lapis est. Sed ne me putes jocari in re seria, D dira
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M. GUDIUS, LETTERS. 25 for the singular goodness of your nature; indeed, you will receive it without envy, but not without distaste. Yet because I understood that you wished my welfare sincerely, without color or pretense, I could not omit what has happened. I was very recently summoned back to my native country, and to war and to the long-expected occasion of travel. But now they are in vain. For, leaving all else aside, I have resolved to keep the Hagensian agreement; and do you marvel at that? I beg you, let us laugh at such follies, which will never shake the constancy of my opinion. Thus is common human life lived! Fortune, bent on a savage business, persistent in playing its wanton game, transforms uncertain honors, now kindly to me, now to others. Only late does that little wanton recognize either her own error or my innocence. I have many things that I would most gladly write to you about our common studies; but I am shut out by time. Other occupations consume the day; and so it is by night, when I lie down, that I write these things which you receive. I gladly spend this slight service in declaring my regard, or rather my devotion, toward you: but besides that, two chief reasons have moved me to write. First, I beg and implore you, as quickly as you can, to send back my catalogue, the Erffurtian one. At this time you can do me nothing more welcome. The papers are not indeed of much value; they chiefly reveal the hiding places of worthless books; yet, so that my friends’ diligence may be satisfied, they are for many reasons wanted by me. I love you very much; take care that I do not have to appeal twice to your kindness over the most trivial slips of paper. You know how soon I am to depart. The second thing I wish to know is whether at Harderwijk you have found anything of value for my Valerius. So I wish and pray. I therefore expect that you will inform me of this as soon as possible: which I beg you to do again and again. You will send your letter together with the catalogue to my inn, which, as you know, is under the sign of the Prince of Denmark; for before the beginning of November, that is, before my departure, I shall return to this city. Farewell, and love me. Amsterdam, 14 October, 13 IX 59. I shall hand over the part of the catalogue which I received from you to Pluymer: from him you may also ask for the fragments of Cicero, which I promised. I greet your most distinguished wife. LETTER XXII. TO JOHANN GEORG GRAEVIUS. Marquard Gudius sends greetings. Utrecht. These lines are to you from Æ gra. An unwelcome guest, with whom I was never joined by any friendship, has, to my great inconvenience, gone elsewhere to another man, whom indeed I would bear as a warning of human fate with no ill will, unless, stripped of all humanity, he had remained in my veins and fixed his seat in my most delicate entrails. Who is this new fellow? you will ask: a butcher, a misshapen monster, having nothing in common with sense; in one word, he is a stone. But lest you think I am joking in a serious matter, a dreadful
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16 M. GUDII EPISTOLÆ. dira hæc invasio plusculos dies magnis me cruciatibus distulit & propemodum dissolvit. Ea causa est, quæ si paulo tardius respondeam, tibi me, qui nobis non solebas esse iniquior, nullo, ut reor, negotio excusabit; tu quidem fulminas, & nescio quid præfatiunculæ a me exigis, de qua ne cogitare quidem integrum mihi fuit; redeuntem me ab amplexu tuo variæ exque graves curæ excepere, quibus non poteram manum subducere. Fatebor etiam, fortasse nolui; mihi certe nunquam in mentem venit in ejusmodi opusculum ambitiosius præfari. Sciassio, ut literarum omnium est amantissimus, placebat Heinsi nostri nomen præfigere; non improbavi, immo hortabar sedulo, sed optimi viri voluntatem forenses tricæ retardarunt; nunc quoniam Dei Opt. Max. beneficio fortunas suas magnam partem in tuto collocavit, de cetero molestiorem triconibus quam sibi litem habebit. Utinam superioribus diebus adfuisses! præfiscini dixerim, videtur nobis bellerem & pulchre egisse, non afflictis, sed magna cum eorum infamia & turpitudine plane fractis adversariis: quid enim turpius, quam in re omnium æquissima, quam natura imperabat, amplissimi ordinis auctoritate compelli? hinc novæ iræ & lacrymæ, non credas quos nobis dolos & laqueos struxerint, sed eos divina providentia detectos consilio atque industria clusimus; nunc quæ pari, aut etiam vehementiori contentione disputantur, ad ingentes quidem pecunias excurrunt, sed nos ut dixi minus torquent. Igitur amico nostro aurem vellam, ut, si quem velit, in limine istius opusculi compellare, id quam citissime faciat, neque amplius typographi commoda moretur. Quod si sex aut septem dlerum intervallo diutius moram interposuerit, auctor tibi ero, ut libellum illum tuo arbitratu divulges, dummodo caveas, ne quam mei mentionem faciant. Hoc serio te ex animi sententia obtestor, velis prospicere ne gravissime in re tam levi me lædant. Satis me pungunt aculeatæ literæ tuæ, inquibus non unus est locus, de quo vehementius tecum expostulem. Intempestiva sunt , quibus me ad publicandos itinerum nostrorum fructus non absque stomacho provocas; parce tibi aut mihi potius, & sinas, obsecro te, exiles conatus meos maturestere. Næ tu homo es sane quam lepidus, qui nihil de te sollicitus, alienæ summam diligentiæ mirifica accuratione ad calculos revocas: amo tamen lepores istos ingeniitui, sed quem mihi campum aperis effusis quadrigis in te excurrendi? tempero mihi & saluti est tibi morbus meus: ajunt medicorum filii non expedire et mis declamandi intemperiem. Hæc quidem ad te per jocum scribo: nosti minas amantium, quibus non credo animum tuum vehementer perturbari: tamen ne impune me videaris vellicasse, liceat mihi in te paululum inquirere. Numeremus pace tua annos, quibus magno nostro damno Polyænum premis, detines. Quid est, quod diutius observationum tuarum libros nobis invidias, quos non ignoro tibi in mundo esse? Ascrao vati beneficium promisisti; quid ergo differs? De Theocrito si quid probe memini, aliquando spem nobis faciebas: age, expedi te, & nos non patere vana spe lactari. Cetera quæ eruditò orbi tua ad unguem omnibus ele- gantiis
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16. GUDIUS’ LETTERS. This dreadful attack has kept me, for several days, in great torment and nearly broken me down. That is the reason why, if I answer somewhat late, it will easily excuse me to you, who were not accustomed, as I think, to be unfriendly to us; indeed you are thundering, and demand from me I know not what sort of prefatory apology, about which it was not even possible for me to think in due time. When I was returning from your embrace, various and serious cares overtook me, from which I could not free myself. I will also confess that perhaps I did not wish to; certainly it never occurred to me to preface such a little work in a more ambitious way. Sciassius, as being most devoted to all literature, liked the idea of putting our Heinsius’ name at the front; I did not disapprove, indeed I strongly encouraged it, but the worthy man’s intention was delayed by legal quibbles; now that, by the favor of Almighty God, he has placed a large part of his fortunes in safety, he will henceforth have a lawsuit more troublesome to the pettifoggers than to himself. Would that you had been present in the preceding days! I may say it without hesitation, it seems to us that we fought well and managed things neatly, with our adversaries not merely unbroken, but quite shattered, to their great disgrace and shame; for what is more shameful than, in a matter most equitable to all, as nature herself required, to be compelled by the authority of the highest order? Hence new anger and tears; you would not believe what tricks and snares they laid for us, but these, once exposed by divine providence, we shut off by counsel and industry; now the matters debated with equal, or even greater, vehemence run indeed into enormous sums of money, but, as I said, they trouble us less. Therefore I will pull our friend’s ear, so that if he wishes to address anyone on the threshold of that little work, he should do so as quickly as possible, and should not delay the printer’s advantage any longer. But if he should put off the delay beyond an interval of six or seven days, I shall authorize you to publish that booklet at your own discretion, provided only that you take care that they make no mention of me. This I seriously and from the bottom of my heart beg you to see to it that they do not harm me too severely in a matter so trivial. Your pointed letters prick me enough already, in which there is not one passage over which I would not complain to you more vehemently. Untimely are those letters with which you provoke me, not without annoyance, to publish the fruits of our travels; spare yourself, or rather me, and allow, I beg you, my humble efforts to mature. Truly, you are a most charming fellow, who, careless about yourself, bring the utmost diligence of another to account with marvelous exactness: yet I love such wit in you; but what field are you opening for me to rush out upon you with loose reins? I restrain myself, and my sickness is health to you. The sons of physicians say that the intemperance of declaiming is not expedient. I write this to you in jest, of course: you know the threats of lovers, by which I do not believe your mind is greatly disturbed; nevertheless, lest you seem to have pinched me with impunity, let me make a little inquiry into you. Let us count, with your permission, the years during which, to our great loss, you have been suppressing and detaining Polyænus. What is it that makes you begrudge us any longer the books of your observations, which I do not deny are in the world for you? You promised a favor to the Ascræan bard; why then do you delay? If I remember Theocritus correctly, you once held out hope to us; come now, make ready, and do not allow us to be fed with vain hope. The rest, which you have polished for the learned world to a nicety with every elegance ...
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. 27 gantiis polita indoles pollicetur, quando erit ut comere & limare queas desinere? nihil te purgas, qui muneris publici labores nobis opponis. Ego vero omnes ejusmodi tam publicas, quam privatas exercitationes soleo literatorum hominum jucundissimum otium interpretari: quid enim in scholis tuis tractas, nisi merum mel atticum & urbanos sales, quibus alios pascis, te autem oblectas, & omnem scriptionem tuam animas? occuparis in otio operamque tuam, veluti per ludum, locas in iis studiis, quæ maxime cupimus a te illustrari. Ego non magnis quidem negotiis, tamen, quæ insignis est infelicitas, meam erga optimas literas constantissimam voluntatem molestis curis frequenter sufflaminari atque impediri animadvert. Vita tibi quieta est, jucunda &c quod potissimum gaudemus, oportuna tuis cogitationibus: mihi desultoria, vaga, ingrata, morbis fracta & a prima adolescentia innumeris huc atque illuc exercita tempestatibus. Non ignoras ante hos sex menses cum me constituissem omnibus salutum molestiis in literatum secessum abdere, ut concepta ex longis erroribus mearum rerum tædia innocentissimis Musarum voluptatibus ex animo delerem, plane atque optabam contra accidisse, non alia mea culpa, quam quod ab indignissimarum sordium iniquitate & malitia defensam amicissimi hominis salutem cupiebam. Vide nunc & arbitrare, quam mihi suaviter insultes pauculos menses in hujuscemodi turbis occupatos silentio transigenti, Expecto tempora posthac magis tranquilla: quæ si Dii immortales concesserint, ut tuis admonitionibus locum dare, iisque studiis, in quibus omnem spem delectationis nostræ posuimus, vacare ex animo possim, supero Crassum divitiis, atque omnium scenas & theatra libenter aliis relinquo. Duisburgum non quidem contemno, sed nescio quam sortem for mihi object: adeo multa sunt, quæ me revocant; totus rerum mearum conversus est orbis, ne me ctedas exiguo momento huc illuc impelli. Mutare ex fatorum arbitrio sententiam, & in melius consilia referre, an hoc est Principibus illudere? quanti ergo libertatem meam vendidi? aut quo pretio operam meam addixi? injuriam mihi facis duriusculis exprobrationibus tuis, & conscientiam tuam interrogo, quid in hac salutis meæ cura peccem. Quare etiam te atque etiam rogo, si res meæ tibi sunt curæ, advola & rationem opinionis nostræ maturiori judicio præsens excute; non injucunde feriabimur: tu fac, ut ferias nobiscum auspiceris. Cimbricam profectionem morbus moratur: tamen si, quam nunc iratam habeo, Hygeiam paulo benigniorem experiar, iter nostrum maturabimus, & ne quid te celem, necessitate quadam compellimur ante Eidus hujus mensis discedere, sed alia & breviori via: ideoque nisi in reditu, Francofurto descendens secundo Rheno, Academicos tuos salutare non potero, quibus si me amas, ut fidem meam bonam præstes, tuæ erit pietatis & benevolentia; dabo operam ut te metu liberem ne viris bonis malum nomen videar. Kriwizio omnia præstabo, quæ summa ejus & modestia & eruditio meretur, sed diem discessui constitutum, nisi molestum est, accuratius indica. De ancilla sero mones: res integra est villico, de quo si potes, confice. D 2 Vale
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M. GUDIUS ON EPISTLES. 27 When will the polished character which nature promises in you cease to be capable of further trimming and refining? You make no excuse, though you set before us the labors of public duty. But I, indeed, am accustomed to interpret all such exercises, whether public or private, as the sweetest leisure of learned men: for what do you handle in your schools except pure Attic honey and urban wit, with which you feed others and at the same time delight yourself, and give spirit to all your writing? You are occupied in leisure and, as if in play, devote your efforts to those studies which we most desire to have illuminated by you. As for me, not with great business, indeed, yet—what is a marked misfortune—I observe that my steadfast devotion to good letters is often checked and hindered by troublesome cares. Your life is calm, pleasant, and, what we most rejoice in, well suited to your thoughts; mine is fitful, wandering, thankless, broken by illness, and from early youth exercised this way and that by countless storms. You do not ignore that, six months ago, when I had resolved to withdraw into a learned retirement from all the annoyances of greetings and visits, so that I might wipe away from my mind the weariness of long wanderings in my affairs by the wholly innocent pleasures of the Muses, the very opposite has plainly happened, through no other fault of mine than that I wished to defend the health of a most dear friend against the injustice and malice of the most unworthy filth. See now and judge how sweetly you mock me, spending a few months occupied in such turmoil while I pass them in silence. I am expecting more peaceful times hereafter; if the immortal gods grant them, so that I may be able to give room to your advice and devote myself in spirit to those studies in which I have placed all hope of our pleasure, I shall surpass Crassus in riches and gladly leave scenes and theaters to others. I do not despise Duisburg, but I do not know what fate may be laid before me; so many things call me back, and the whole course of my affairs has been turned around. Do not think I can be moved hither and thither by a small impulse. To change one’s mind at the bidding of fate and to revise one’s plans for the better—can that be called mocking princes? At what price, then, did I sell my liberty? Or for what reward did I bind my service? You do me wrong with your somewhat harsh reproaches, and I appeal to your own conscience: what fault do I commit in this concern for my safety? Therefore I beg you again and again, if my affairs are of concern to you, fly hither and examine the grounds of our opinion in person with a more mature judgment; we shall not be unpleasantly entertained. You see to it that you take your holiday with us auspiciously. A sickness delays the Cimbrian journey; yet if I find Hygeia, whom I now count angry, somewhat more kindly disposed, we shall hasten our departure, and, so that I conceal nothing from you, we are compelled to leave before the Ides of this month, but by another and shorter route; and so, unless on the return journey, descending from Frankfurt down the Rhine, I can greet your scholars, which I cannot do unless you love me and stand surety for my good faith, that will be a matter for your piety and goodwill. I shall do everything that Kriwizio deserves, as both his excellence and modesty and learning require; but please indicate the day set for departure more precisely, unless that is troublesome. You remind me too late about the maidservant: the matter is still in the steward’s hands; if you can, settle it with him. D 2 Farewell.
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28 M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. Vale & si hæc epistola videatur tibi paulo morosior, cogites morbi hoc vitium esse, non animi. Hagæ-Comit. a. d. IV. Non. Jun. c13 13 c LXIV. Sciassius noster te & lectissimam feminam, uxorem tuam, amantissime salutat. EPISTOLA XXIII. JOHANNI GEORGIO GRAEVIO. Marquardus Gudius S. D. Ultrajectum. Di male faciant isti perditissimo nebuloni, cujus castigandis fraudibus in- ter rabularum omnibus atque tantum nobis perit pretiosi tempo- ris, ut omnium pene necessitudinum nostrarum oblivisci videamur. Nudius quartus, cum redditæ mihi pridie ejus diei essent literæ tuæ, plenæ amoris & benevolentæ, eoque nomine maxime vellem celeriter, uti rogaveras, ad vos venire, ex eo genere, nescio quid foresium tricarum intercessit, in quo opti- mi amici nostri commodis præsto me esse oportere animadvertebam. Hoc tibi significandum duxi, ne quid hac in cunctatione mihi vitio vertas, qui profecto incredibili desiderio tui angor: tuæ erit æquitatis & sapientiæ, quia te in eodem video, paucorum dierum moram tranquillo animo ferre. De filiola tibi gratulor, mihi gaudeo, quod ejus nomine me quoque in partem sanctioris curæ, judicio amicitia nostra dignissimo, amanter voces; non credas, quam me oblectem honore vestræ hujus sententiæ, quæ cum mihi sit gratissima, sequitur illud ut te existimare velim, mihi magnæ curæ fore atque esse jam, ut ipse tu, tuique omnes, deinde etiam ut reliqui intelligant, me tibi singulari quadam & perpetua, præ ceteris omnibus, fide & voluntate longe esse con- junctissimum. Vale. uxori tuæ, lectissimæ feminæ, plurimam nostro nomine salutem dicio. raptim Hagæ-Comit. c13 13 c LXV. a. d. VII Kal. Sextiles Gregorianas: nos ante Idus expecta. EPISTOLA XXIV. JOHANNI GEORGIO GRAEVIO. Marquardus Gudius. S. D. Ultrajectum. I Dus sextiles sunt elapsæ, & memini optime, spem vobis fecisse me adven- tus nostri ante illum diem; non dubito quin mirere, quod irritis pollicita- tionibus tuum nostri desiderium moremur; quæ cum res sit meo quoque judi- cio molestissima, vererer ne stomachum tibi faceret, nisi cognita mihi & pla- ne perspecta esset eximia illa naturæ tuæ bonitas; mihi etiam quid putas aniuni esse, jucundissimæ consuetudinis tuæ frustra sitienti? dum quotidie ad te venire cupio, omni delectatione, literisque omnibus carco, quas, mihi crede, ante attingere
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28 M. GUDIUS, LETTERS. Farewell; and if this letter seems to you somewhat too tedious, you must think that this fault lies in my illness, not in my disposition. Hague, on the 4th day before the Nones of June, 1643. Our Sciassius sends his most affectionate greetings to you and to your most excellent wife. LETTER XXIII. TO JOHANN GEORG GRAEVIUS. Marquard Gudius sends greetings. Utrecht. May the gods deal badly with that utterly ruined scoundrel, in cleaning up whose frauds among the pettifoggers all and so much of our precious time is lost that we seem almost to forget all our close relations. Four days ago, when I had received the day before letters from you, full of love and kindness, and for that reason especially wished to come quickly, as you had asked, to you, some kind of, I know not what, outside business interposed, in which I saw that I ought to be ready to serve the interests of our best friends. I thought I ought to let you know this, lest you blame me for any delay in this matter, since I am certainly tormented by an incredible longing for you. It will be for your fairness and wisdom, since I see you are in the same situation, to bear with calm mind a delay of a few days. I congratulate you on your little daughter, and I am glad for myself, because in her name you kindly call me too into a share of a more sacred care, a judgment most worthy of our friendship; do not believe how much I delight in the honor of this opinion of yours, which, as it is most gratifying to me, leads me to wish that you should think that it will be, and already is, a matter of great concern to me that you yourself, and all yours, and then also the rest, should understand that I am bound to you with a singular and lasting fidelity and goodwill, far beyond all others. Farewell. Give my greetings to your wife, most excellent lady, in our name. Hastily, Hague, 1643, on the 7th day before the Kalends of August, Gregorian reckoning: expect us before the Ides. LETTER XXIV. TO JOHANN GEORG GRAEVIUS. Marquard Gudius sends greetings. Utrecht. The Ides of August have passed, and I remember very well that I had given you hope of our arrival before that day; I do not doubt that you wonder why we delay your desire for us with empty promises. Since this matter is, in my judgment too, most troublesome, I should fear it might give you offense, were I not aware and fully convinced of your extraordinary good nature. And what do you think is on my mind too, who am thirsting in vain for your most delightful company? While I long to come to you every day, I am deprived of all pleasure and of all books, which, believe me, I ought to have before touching them
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. 29 attingere non possum, quam te videro. Sed ab accessu urbis vestræ deterremur adversis rumoribus: ajunt ejus partem magnam vicinosque agros toto gravi pestilentia conflictari; nos magna sumus solicitudine tui caussa; si me amas, hoc nos metu libera & te serva nobis & tuis. Vides nunc quid te rogatum velim, ut quanta maxime poteris celeritate cum optima uxore tua huc advoles, ut præsentes vos omnibus lætitiis lætos & hospites videamus. Hoc mecum te slagitat ôs , cui non possum abhorrenti auctor esse periculosæ profectionis: non disputo an talis tibi videatur: sufficit mihi a te impetrasse, quod omnium maxime hoc tempore desidero. Habeo quam multa quæ te scite, tua non minus quam mea interest. Veni ergo celeriter, & cave hoc neget amicis de salute tua anxiis. Vale. Hagæ-Comit. VII. Kal. Sept. Gregor. C13 DC LXV. EPISTOLA XXV. JOHANNI GEORGIO GRAEVIO. Marquardus Gudius. S. D. Lipsiam, DE itineris tui felici successu mihi jucundissima fuere, quæ oportune, ut volebam, ex literis tuis accepi: spero ejus quod reliquum est brevi ex voto nostro haud minus popitiis diis confectum iri; tu quæso matura reditum, atque his oris quamprimum redditus, pro veteri, quod mihi tecum est, hospitio e navi recta, si me amas, in amplexus nostros propera; nos certe mirifico tui desiderio tenemur, cujus igniculos non alit modo, sed etiam accendit animorum ille tacitus consensus, eadem voluntas, idem de studiis nostris judicium. Sed licet te semper eo nomine tantum dilexerim, quantum olim tu intelligere potuisti, tamen, crede mihi, postquam nuper ex intervallo singulares illas ingenii tui suavitates regustare coepi, ad meum erga te amorem sentio tantum accessisse, ut eo nihil jam possit esse ardentius. Viri docti quid agant, quid moliantur in illa Germaniæ nostræ politissima parte aveo ex te audire, inprimis autem quid sperare debeamus de Pausaniæ restitutione ex MSStis illis . Inscriptio hæc Puteolana, cujus Reinesianam explicationem ex ejus inscriptionum syntagmate desidero, petita est ex Capiacii historia Neapolitana: D. M. M. VALERIVS. DEXTER. LIB NEPTVNO. MANIPVLARIS C. CALBISIVS. CEREALIS. IIII DACI. COHERES Sed velim præterea libenter intelligere, an eo in syntagmate præter illas eschedis Piecartinis & libris editis collectas multæ sint Inscriptiones antea nunquam editæ, ex quibus si nobiliores aliquas in Germania præsertim repertas tibi va- care D 3
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I cannot even reach it until I have seen you. But we are held back from approaching your city by unfavorable reports: they say that a large part of it and the neighboring fields are afflicted with a severe pestilence; we are greatly anxious on your account. If you love me, free us from this fear and preserve yourself for us and yours. You now see what I would ask of you: that with all possible speed you fly hither with your excellent wife, so that we may see you present among every delight as happy guests. This, a face that urges me on, demands of me, and I cannot be responsible for a perilous journey to one who shrinks from it; I do not argue whether it seems such to you; it is enough for me that I have obtained from you what I most desire at this time above all things. I have so many things that concern you well, and no less your interest than mine. Come then quickly, and do not deny this to friends who are anxious for your safety. Farewell. The Hague, 7th day before the Kalends of September, 1665. EPISTLE XXV. TO JOHANN GEORG GRAEVIUS. Marquard Gudius sends greetings. To Leipzig, The happy success of your journey was most pleasing to me, and I received it in good season, as I wished, from your letter; I hope that the rest of it will soon be brought to completion, no less in accordance with our wish, by the favor of the gods. I beg you to hasten your return, and, once you have been restored as soon as possible to these shores, for the sake of our old friendship, fly straight from the ship, if you love me, into our embraces; certainly we are held by a marvelous longing for you, whose little sparks are not merely fed, but also kindled, by that silent agreement of minds, the same will, the same judgment about our studies. But although I have always loved you under that name alone as much as you once were able to understand, nevertheless, believe me, since recently, after an interval, I began to taste again those singular charms of your mind, I feel that so much has been added to my love for you that nothing can now be more ardent. I am eager to hear from you what learned men are doing, what they are planning in that most polished part of our Germany, and especially what we ought to hope for from the restoration of Pausanias from those manuscripts. This inscription from Puteoli, whose Reinesian explanation I desire from his collection of inscriptions, was taken from the history of Naples by Capiacius: D. M. M. VALERIVS. DEXTER. LIB NEPTVNO. MANIPVLARIS C. CALBISIVS. CEREALIS. IIII DACI. COHERES But I should also like to know whether, in that collection, besides those gathered from Piecart’s sheets and published books, there are many inscriptions that have never before been published, from which, if any more distinguished ones found in Germany especially should happen to be available to you, you...
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. 30 caret excerpere, qualicunque etiam successu magnam a me gratiam inires, dummodo ne id incommodo tuo feceris. Batavi tui tandem invitis licet ringentibusque malis diis pacem habebunt, cui tamen vix natæ exemplo in omni memoria prorsus inauditio nequicquam litatum fuit aliquot mille hominum sanguine. De puella noli laborare; res ea est indigna curis tuis: alia via atque opera curabitur. Vale, virorum amicissime & plurimum salve a me meisque. Hamburgi. a. d. XIV. Kal. Septemb. Iul. 139 13c LXVIII. EPISTOLA XXVI. JOHANNI GEORGIO GRAEVIO Marquardus Gudius. S. D. Ultrajctum, Incredibili me voluptate perfudit epistola tua plena pulcherrimarum rerum, venusta, gravis, atque ut omnia tua, omni ex parte papavere & sela- mo sparsa: utinam animum quotidie tam lauto victu atque eleganti pascere, aut inter multarum rerum insolentium fastidia saltem rescere sæpius nobis li- ceret! tu, cujus tantum est flumen suavissimorum & optimorum verborum, cui rerum scitu dignissimarum sive veterum, sive recentium tanta domi copia, quem loco studiis nostris oportunissimo vitam degentem nihil eorum fugit, quæ passim a literatis hominibus per totam Europam geri aut tentari solent, amicum talium fabularum cupidissimum frequentius honestissimi voti facere compotem, tuarumque literarum deliciis sovere liberalius nullo negocio pos- ses: nostram in scribendis literis indiligentiam te imitari nolim: amicitias ani- mo constanti potius quam tenui quadam papyro colimus. Sed præsertim in septentrionali hac solitudine, ubi nihil nisi merum rus, meras ineptias vide- mus atque audimus, humaniter ignosci fas est circa hæc amicitiæ officia iustipii Begadutui pi vouzelin pi. Labbæi glossaria, quæ olim in Gallia vidi, quam vellem publice jam extarent: sunt enim bonæ frugis & multæ variæque eruditionis. Historiam avendet Byzantinorum Imp[er]p[er] quamprimum apud vos habere licuerit, fac sciam. Cassiodori operum novæ editioni conferre multa po- tuissem. Quis ille est Oratorii collegii sacerdos, cujus historiam Bibliorum Criticam Lutetiæ statim atque lucem aspexit, auctoritate publica Vulcano con- secratam scribis? P. Simonem Parisiensem Gallice nuper edidisse de versioni- bus ac commentariis Biblicis librum plenum invidiæ sed utilem ex Anglia no- bis scribunt; an ejusdem auctoris idem sit opus a Bigotio & Justello adeo vo- bis laudatum scire velim. Narrant præterea Angli, prodiisse nuper ibi Al- fredi vitam cum egregio commentario & ectypis Saxonicorum numismatum: Outramum etiam de Sacrificiis cum applausu publice jam legi: Morisoni gran- de opus de Plantis pulchre procedere & typis suis & schematismis: Cypria- num sudare sub prælo theatri Scheldoniani: extare etiam & laudari novam edi- tionem Herodoti, Ornithologiam Willoughbæi, Robinsoni Annales & Cud- wothi
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M. Gudius’ Letters. 30 you should refrain from excerpting it, in whatever way, even with happy outcome, you would earn great thanks from me, provided only that you do not do it to your own inconvenience. Your Batavians will at last, though against their will and with snarling evil gods, have peace, for which nevertheless, to the example of no age hardly born in all memory, in vain has been propitiation made with the blood of several thousand men. Do not trouble yourself about the girl; the matter is unworthy of your care: it will be managed by another way and effort. Farewell, dearest of men, and greet me and mine very much. Hamburg, on the 14th day before the Kalends of September, 139 13c LXVIII. LETTER XXVI. TO JOHANN GEORG GRAEVIUS Marquard Gudius. S. D. Utrecht, Your letter, full of the most beautiful things, graceful, weighty, and, as are all yours, scattered on every side with poppy and salamander, flooded me with incredible pleasure: would that it were granted me daily to feed the mind on so splendid and elegant a fare, or at least amid the distaste for many strange things to refresh myself more often! You, whose stream of most delightful and best words is so abundant, who have at home such a store of the most worthy things to know, whether ancient or recent, and whom nothing escapes while living in the place most suitable to our studies, of all those things which learned men throughout all Europe are wont to do or attempt, could more liberally and without any trouble soothe the friend most eager for such conversations and more frequently make him partaker of your most honorable wish and refresh him with the delights of your letters; I would not wish you to imitate our negligence in writing letters: we cultivate friendships with a steadfast mind rather than with a thin little sheet of paper. But especially in this northern solitude, where we see and hear nothing but sheer country matters, sheer nonsense, it is right that we be kindly excused in regard to these duties of friendship iustipii Begadutui pi vouzelin pi. Labbé’s glossaries, which I once saw in France, how I wish they were now already publicly available: for they are of good fruit and of much and varied learning. The history of the Byzantine emperors, if I may be able to have it as soon as possible among you, let me know. I could have contributed many things to a new edition of Cassiodorus’ works. Who is that priest of the Oratory college, whose Critical History of the Bible, as soon as it saw the light at Paris, you write was publicly condemned to Vulcan? From England they write to us that P. Simon of Paris has lately published in French a book on biblical versions and commentaries, full of envy but useful; I would like to know whether the same work of the same author is that which was so highly praised to you by Bigot and Justel. They report further that the Life of Alfred has recently appeared there with an excellent commentary and engravings of Saxon coins; that Outram’s On Sacrifices is now also being publicly read with applause; that Morison’s great work on Plants is proceeding beautifully, both in his own type and with diagrams; that Cyprian is sweating under the press of the Sheldonian Theatre; that a new edition of Herodotus also exists and is praised, Willoughby’s Ornithology, Robinson’s Annals, and Cudworth’s
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M. GUDII EPISTOLÆ. 31 wothi doctum & spissum opus adversus Atheos anglice scriptum. Herodotum si vidisti, certiorem quæso me facias quid in ea editione præstiterint & quibus subsidiis. Lutetia dudum expectamus Huetii nostri pro religione Christiana doctissimam, ut reor, Apologiam; nihil nisi doctum omnibusque numeris ab- solutum ab illo viro proficisci potest. Accipis indiculum librorum Holstenia- norum, qui superiori anno post longam expectationem Roma tandem in pu- blicam civitatis hujus Bibliothecam sunt advecci: si quatuor aut quicque exce- peris, reliqui sunt vulgares. Sed aliquanto plures ille melioresque civibus suis destinaverat, quamvis, ut verum fatear, ob stupendam talium studiorum im- peritiam indignissimumque contentum, nimis multos jam accepisse videri pos- sint. De curis Vlitii secundis multum te amo. Inscriptiones tam eleganter a te conservatæ valde mihi placuerunt: sed quando reliquas habebimus? Flori tui ingens nos desiderium tenet: epistolas Ciceronis ad Familiares, munus te dignum, nondum accepimus, acceptas, quoniam ita vis, æque tuo atque il- lius nomine, auro contra cariores habebimus. Illustri viro tu[m] navi Heinsio, cujus nomen semper mihi in honore & pretio fuit, veterem meam observantiam, ut præsentem præsens te rogabam, ore tuo testatam esse cupio. utinam nobis ali- quando hisce in locis, te comite ac duce, jucundum ejus os oculosque suaviari contigeret! Si me amas, operam dabis ut brevi nobis tam beatis esse liceat. mi- hi quidem utriusque vestrum studiosissimo nihil gratius facere poteris. Vale, vir amicissime. Hamburgi xv. Kal. Martias anni c19 dC lxxix. EPISTOLA XXVI. JOHANNI GEORGIO GRAEVIO Marquardus Gudius. S.D. Ultrajctum, Habeo multa, amicorum oelle, quæ animus gestiebat familiariter in si- num tuum amoris & fidei plenum effundere, concervata tractu temporis, dum ad superioris epistolæ meæ capita nonnulla certiorem, ut spem feceras, responsionem expecto: sed earum rerum postquam aliquid alia via cognosse da- tum est, tecum hodie de reliquis multis per literas collocuturus, interpellanti- bus sub tabellarii discessum amicis, præter opinionem angustia temporis exlu- dor, ut pleraque scriptionis argumenta necesse habeam in aliud tempus differ- re. Scio id tibi per molestum accidere, cui literæ nostræ, ut mihi tuæ solent, quo longiores, eo videntur gratiores: mihi sane & incommodum est, & vitio verti potest, post tantam scribendi intercapedinem officio meo tam leviter de- fungi. Sed aliorum hæc culpa est, non mea: itaque de ceteris, ut dixi, pro- pediem: nunc tantum unum atque alterum e multis, id vero præcipue delibabo. Proximis superioribus diebus redditum esse mihi, quemadmodum voluisti, Tul- lianarum ad Familiares epistolarum incomparabile opus, post varias summorum virorum curas nunc tandem felix te adjutore: tui certe peracris judicii magnum atque
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M. GUDIUS’S LETTERS. 31 a learned and weighty work written in English against the atheists. Herodotus— if you have seen it, I ask that you let me know what they have accomplished in that edition and with what resources. At Paris we have long been expecting our Huet’s most learned, as I think, Apology for the Christian religion; nothing but something learned and in every respect complete can come from that man. You receive the list of Holstein’s books, which last year, after a long wait, were at last brought to Rome into the public library of this city: if you have selected four or five, the rest are commonplace. But he had assigned somewhat more and better ones to his fellow citizens, though, to speak truthfully, because of the astonishing ignorance and most unworthy contempt of such studies, they may seem to have received too many already. I am greatly fond of you for the second care of Vlitus. The inscriptions so elegantly preserved by you pleased me greatly; but when shall we have the rest? A great desire for your Florus possesses us: Cicero’s letters to his Friends, a gift worthy of you, we have not yet received; when we do receive them, since you wish it so, we shall hold them, in your name as well as his, dearer than gold. To the illustrious man your Heinsius, whose name has always been held by me in honor and esteem, I wish my former regard to be made known by your lips, as I asked you in person when I was present. Would that some time it might be granted us in these regions, with you as companion and guide, to enjoy the sight of his face and eyes and to kiss them in delight! If you love me, you will take care that it may soon be permitted us to be so blessed. Certainly you can do nothing more pleasing for one most devoted to both of you. Farewell, most friendly man. Hamburg, 15th day before the Kalends of March, in the year 1679. EPISTLE XXVI. TO JOHANN GEORG GRAEVIUS Marquard Gudius. S.D. Utrecht, I have many things, gathered from the hearts of friends, which my mind was eager to pour familiarly into your breast, full of love and trust, stored up over the course of time, while in response to certain points of my previous letter I await, as you had promised, a reply; but after something about those matters has been learned by another route, I am today, while about to converse with you by letter concerning the rest of many things, cut off by the interruption of friends as the courier departs, and unexpectedly by lack of time, so that I am forced to postpone most of the subjects of my letter to another time. I know this must be very troublesome to you, to whom our letters, as yours usually are to me, seem the more pleasing the longer they are; for me certainly it is both inconvenient and may be taken as a fault, after such a long interval without writing, to discharge my duty so lightly. But this is the fault of others, not mine: so concerning the rest, as I said, very soon; now only one or two things out of many, and those especially, I shall select. Within these last few days there has been returned to me, as you wished, the incomparable work of Cicero’s letters to his Friends, now at last happy through your help after the various labors of the greatest men; certainly your extraordinarily keen judgment a great and
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLÆ. atque æternum monumentum, quod more calculoque Catulliano basis prope- modum infinitis excepi; quid illi tuo rependam pulcherrimo muneri? nihil nunc quidem in mundo est mihi, quod ejus dignitati atque elegantiæ respon- deat. Liceat mihi pace tua referre id tantisper in tabulis accepti: brevi, ut spero, bonum nomen ero. Inscriptiones quatuor, quas postremis tuis addidisti, vo- luptati mihi fuisse, grato animo libenter agnosco, sed omnino nova est earum prima, Luseiniæ dicata, ab erudito homine, nostro aut superiori seculo, lu- dicre conficta, nihil vetustæ habens gravitatis, nihil suavitatis nativæ, putidis verborum allusiunculis ad nauseam lateviens, immo voculis quibusdam & lo- cutionibus ex antiquitate nimis imprudenter affectatis statim turpiter se pro- dens, quales in Italia recentimanu marmoribus incisas plures vidimus. Hoc quamvis ita se habere te rerum antiquarum acerrimum cognitorem minime fu- giat, plene tamen constat officii tui ratio, eoque nomine nihilo minus tibi debeo; atque utinam reliquas omnes, quas domi habes aut aliunde nullo ne- gotio potens eruere, illam inprimis, quam magnopere desideramus, Hero- dis Attici Latinam, nobiscum velles primo quoque tempore communicare! Sed de his rebus alias accuratius. Nos adhuc inter pacis spem & belli metum pendemus: vulgus certe bellum difficilellimum timet: aliter sentiunt, qui ex- ternis rerum simulacris nihil moventur; quis enim ignorat eventum congressus Diomedis cum Glauco? qui vero sciunt, quid aliis acciderit, facile ex alio- tum eventibus suis rationibus possunt providere; itaque spes prope certa est, brevi fore quod dudum movit Mariangelus Pantagathi, cujus epigramma in pa- cem utrique Belgio ad extremos usque Indos a rege datam pridem vidisse te puto. Amplissimi Trelschii nostri egregiam erga me voluntatem maximi semper feci: favi certe saveoque ex animo constanter, si quisquam alius, optimi vi- ri virtutibus, iisque summa quæque deberi jure meritoque palam profiteor; ni- hil est quod ejus causa, si quid jusserit, intentatum relinquam: facta putet, quæcunque velit. Nec profecto minus amicis ejus cupio quam ipsi; solet enim optimum quemque in amore & deliciis habere: odisse vero homines nequam, ingratos, perfidos, perjuros ejusque farinæ similes alios. De talium quid ille serio sentiat, mihi fuit longe gratissimum ex literis tuis cogno- scere, eaque ratione plenius confirmari, quæ aliunde de ejus præclara volun- tare sub idem ferme tempus acceperam. Quanquam autem de viri tam pru- dentis excellenti judicio, immo dudum perspecta cognitaque justitia & pietate aliter ut erederem, mihi nunquam persuaderi potuit, tamen postquam etiam te interprete pristinam ejus erga me fidem & benevolentiam, flagrans studium, mirificum amorem recognoscere mihi licuit, triumphare gaudio, bonisque omnibus adversus malorum quorumvis insidias magnum talis viri pulcherrim- mumque & præsidium in rebus adversis & adjumentum in secundis merito gratulari coepi. Vides, quantam quamque certam de eo spem habeamus: tueatur eam omnibus modis, quo nihil erit gloriosius: præstet suo tempore, ut semper religiose solet, fidem per te atque alios datam, quo nihil esse potest ho-
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and an eternal monument, which, by Catullian reckoning and style, I have received almost without limit; what shall I render to your most beautiful gift in return? At present there is nothing in the world that corresponds to its dignity and elegance. Permit me, with your leave, to enter it for the time being in my books as received: soon, as I hope, I shall have a good name. I gratefully acknowledge that the four inscriptions which you added in your latest letter were a source of pleasure to me; but the first of them, dedicated to Luseinia, is wholly new, an invention playfully concocted by a learned man, of our century or the one before, with nothing of ancient gravity, nothing of native sweetness, lurking to satiety in sickly little wordplays, indeed betraying itself at once shamefully by certain tiny words and turns of phrase too unwisely affected from antiquity—such as we have seen several recently cut into marbles in Italy. Although this, as you know, you most keenly versed in antiquity, is by no means hidden from you, still the duty of your position is fully established, and on that account I owe you no less; and would that you might wish to communicate to us at the earliest opportunity the rest of them all, which you have at home or can without difficulty bring to light from elsewhere, especially that Latin one of Herodes Atticus, which we greatly desire! But of these matters another time, and more fully. We still hang between hope of peace and fear of war: the common people certainly fear a very hard war; those think otherwise who are not moved by outward appearances of events. For who does not know the outcome of the encounter of Diomedes with Glaucus? Those who know what has happened to others can easily, from the events of others, provide for themselves according to their own reasoning; and so there is almost a certain hope that soon there will be what long ago moved Mariangelus Pantagathi, whose epigram in praise of peace granted by the king to both Belgiums even to the farthest Indies, I think you saw long ago. I have always esteemed most highly the distinguished goodwill of our most eminent Trelschius toward me. I have certainly and steadfastly favored and love from the heart, if no one else does, the virtues of this best of men, and I openly declare that to him everything in the highest degree is due by right and deservedly; there is nothing I would leave untried on his behalf, should he command anything: let him consider done whatever he wishes. Nor indeed do I care less for his friends than for him; for he is accustomed to have the best men in his affection and delight, but to hate worthless, ungrateful, faithless, perjured people and others of that sort. I was greatly pleased to learn from your letters what he seriously thinks of such people, and in that way to have more fully confirmed what I had received from elsewhere at about the same time concerning his noble disposition. And although, concerning the excellent judgment of a man so prudent, indeed concerning his justice and piety long since observed and known, I could never have been persuaded to think otherwise, nevertheless after I was also able, through you as interpreter, to recognize his former faith and goodwill toward me, his ardent zeal, his wonderful affection, I began to rejoice in triumph, and rightly to congratulate myself and all good men against the plots of any wicked persons, that we have in such a man a most beautiful and powerful protection in adversity and support in prosperity. You see what great and how certain a hope we have of him: may he defend it by every means, which will be nothing less than glorious; may he in due time fulfill, as he always religiously does, the pledge given through you and others, than which nothing can be more
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLE. 33 honestius; occupet, arripiat, teneat rei fortiter juvandæ brevem, sed certam, quæ propediem speratur, occasionem, quo nihil meo judicio ejus rationibus expediet magis. De me autem velim sic existimet, amico veteri probæ vitæ & fidei, qui nihil æque ac bonum nomen tueri cupit, omnia quæ velit, & credi rectissime & committi tuto posse, quod meo nomine sancte ut pollicearis, etiam atque etiam te rogo. Nihil mihi gratius facere poteris homini tui tuorumque commodorum studiosissimo. Utinam hac æstate te iterum videre atque amplecti, aut potius tua jucundissima consuetudine hisce in terris perpetuo frui nobis liceret: nam nobiscum te esse, ita mihi omnia, quæ opto, contingant, ut vehementer velim, quod certe ut consequar, si vivam, quantum in me erit, omni ope atque opera enitar. Vale cum tuis & me ama. Raptim Ampliss. Goesio quantum debeam, scribam proxime. Hamburgi. 21. Maj. 1679. EPISTOLA XXVIL JOHANNI GEORGIO GRAEVIO Marquardus Gudius. S.D. Ultrajectum, Tardius respondeo, primum exemplo tuo, quod velim pro ea, quæ in te est, humanitate æquo animo feras: deinde nescio quo fato meo, plerumque a suavissimo hoc officii reddendi commercio, contra atque oporteret, aliis molestissimis occupationibus tanquam turbine aliquo dejectus; hac præsertim æstate, dum tuis responsum debeo suavitate, officio, amore refertissimis literis, negotiorum domesticorum oppressus immani mole, quæ etiam nunc mei me juris esse non sinit. Sed moram qualemcunque neque ambitiose multum apud te excusare, neque quod tu facis, anxie nimis deprecari constitui; amicitia quæ olim inter nos pulchre nata, innocue una cum ætatibus adolevit, tibicine hoc non indiget: non est certe ex earum numero, quas dissolvit. Nam si, ut sapienter censet Tullius tuus, omnis vis amicitiæ est in voluntatum, studiorum, sententiarum consensione, fieri profecto haud potest, ut amicitiæ nostræ stabilitas unquam vacillet, tantum abest, ut ullo sive temporum sive locorum intervallo convelli atque everti funditus queat. Quin omnino ab hac parte securum te esse jubeo: amo te mirifice, amo constanter, neque ullo modo, quantum in me erit, voluntates nostras divelli aut distrahi patiar. Tu quin idem sis facturus, dubitare me non sinunt tum ea, quæ dixi, summæ conjunctionis arctissima vincula, atque adeo ipsæ illæ interiores literæ nostræ, in quibus ego libenter versari me haud inficior, tu autem admirabile quantum excellis, tum maxime tot egregia non tantum privatis, sed publicis etiam monumentis a te consignata singularis amoris erga me tui testimonia. Mitto cetera, quæ in manu sunt. Illud quod nuper ad Florum de me gloriosius quam decebat prædicasti, ex amore nimio profectum esse E quis
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLE. 33 more honorably; let him seize, take hold, and firmly retain the brief but certain opportunity of helping a matter, which is hoped for very soon, than which, in my judgment, nothing will better advance his interests. As for me, I would wish that you should think thus: that to an old friend of upright life and loyalty, who desires nothing so much as to defend a good name, anything whatever that he may wish may both be believed most rightly and entrusted safely; and in my name I earnestly beg you to promise this. You will be able to do nothing more pleasing to me, a man most devoted to your interests and those of your family. Would that this summer it were granted us to see you again and embrace you, or rather to enjoy perpetually in this world your most delightful company: for that you should be with us—I pray that all things may happen to me as I desire—I most earnestly wish; and surely, to attain this, if I live, I shall strive with all my strength and effort. Farewell, with your household, and love me. In haste, I shall write next time how much I owe to the most illustrious Goesius. Hamburg. 21 May 1679. EPISTOLA XXVIL. TO JOHANN GEORG GRAEVIUS Marquardus Gudius. S.D. Utrecht, I reply late, first because of your example, which I ask you, in consideration of the kindness that is in you, to bear with equanimity; then because, by some fate of mine I know not what, I am usually, contrary to what should be, thrown out of this most pleasant exchange of returning letters by other most troublesome occupations, as if by some whirlwind; especially this summer, while I owe you an answer, your letters being full of sweetness, duty, and affection, I am oppressed by a huge burden of household affairs, which even now does not allow me to be my own master. But I have decided neither to excuse this delay with any great ceremony before you, nor to beg your pardon too anxiously, as you do; the friendship that once was beautifully born between us, and has grown up harmlessly with the passing years, does not need this support: it is certainly not among those which are dissolved. For if, as your Tully wisely judges, the whole force of friendship lies in agreement of wills, pursuits, and opinions, it surely cannot happen that the stability of our friendship should ever waver, so far is it from being able to be torn up and utterly overthrown by any interval either of times or places. Indeed, I bid you to be secure on this point: I love you wonderfully, I love you steadfastly, and I shall in no way, so far as lies in me, allow our affections to be torn apart or drawn asunder. That you will do the same, the bonds of our most intimate union, and indeed those very inward letters of ours themselves, in which I willingly confess I delight to be engaged—though you excel in them admirably—then especially all those excellent testimonies of your singular affection toward me, committed by you not only to private but even to public records, do not allow me to doubt. I pass over the rest, which is at hand. That thing which you recently proclaimed to Florus about me more boastfully than was fitting, has arisen from too great affection
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M. GUDII EPISTOLÆ. quis non videt? ego quanquam id in me haud esse sentio, quod esse dicis, diffiteri tamen non possum, voluptatem animo non mediocrem cepisse me ex amore hoc tuo, cujus ne unquam te poeniteat, omni ope atque opera enitar. De cetero nemo jam erit venustiorum hominum, cui Flori ipsius tua cura no- vum sibi ingenium induentis multo nunc amoenior facies non arrideat: eoque nomine & Floro vehementer gratulor, & tibi gratias ago maximas, tum quod auctorem optimum a contemtu defensum, atque integritati suæ miro cum nitore restitutum, tum etiam quod ejus tam pulchre comti atque omni ex pæte ad no- vam laudem efflorescentis exemplari me quoque inter primos donatum volueris. Hippolyti commentatorum in Danielem aurea, quam nobiscum communi- casti, particula tuam etiam de nobis bene merendi præclaram voluntatem pro- lixe testatur; integri, quod sciam, nusquam hodie reperiuntur. Fragmenta ex iis varia variis Italiæ locis superesse memini: quædam olim e bibliotheca Medicea transcripsimus, sed vestra hæc cum auctiora sint, per mihi gratum feceris, si quamprimum reliqua aut potius qualiacunque etiam fuerint, omnia cum ipsa a capite ad calcem meis sumtibus describenda curaveris, ut lacera hæc & disjecta tanti Viri merito veneranda utcunque servata cum reliquis ejus opusculis quamprimum conjungi queant. De duabus, qui- bus me haud minus beasti, in agro vestro quondam repertis inscriptionibus plurimum te amo: vix credas quam mihi gratæ atque acceptæ fuerint, cum meam quandam annis abhinc quatuordecim, quod præfiscine dixerim, dili- genter & caute excogitatem interpretationem obscurissimarum aliquot inscri- ptionum luculenter tueantur & confirment. Mihi curæ erit, ut eo nomine quantum tibi debeamus, propediem omnes intelligant, qui aliquo recondita- rum antiquitatum studio tenentur. Sponii novam ejusmodi monumentorum nondum hic locorum vidimus. Reinesiani S[anctæ]ntagmatis prima classis Deorum Dearumque exhibens titulos, singulari beneficio Cl. Carpovii, superio- ribus diebus tandem ad nos pervenit. Hanc dum anno amplius expecto, quod eam sub prælo esse scirem, Gruteri corpus Reinesianum tantisper magno cum dolore meo detinui: cupiebam enim ne actum agerem, antea experiri, num inscriptiones, quas passim ad Gruteri marginem Reinesius adscripserat, in ejus Syntagmate Lipsiensi fideliter omnes exhiberentur: nunc postquam earum in prima hac classe ne minimam quidem omissam video, de ceteris inde con- jecturam capiens, mihi nihil æque in votis esse scito, quam ut primo quoque tempore, optima fide, de qua non est quod ambigas, tuto ad locum suum re- feratur. Interea dum ejus rei in dies occasionem certam captamus, Illustri Seckendorffio moram hanc omnem perquam officiosis & diligentibus verbis excusandam curavimus. Venio nunc ad ultimam epistolæ tuæ partem, in qua pulcherrime sese tuus ille sæpe spectatus in me amor ostendit. Quod enim rerum mearum Batavicarum salutem tibi maximæ curæ fore, im- mo mea causa velle te omnia, identidem benigne polliceris, dici vix potest, quam oratio hæc benevolentia atque amoris plena indignis me affectum incom- modis
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Letters of M. Gudius. Who does not see it? Although I do not feel that this is true of me, as you say, I cannot however deny that I have received no small pleasure of mind from this love of yours; and I shall strive with all my might and effort never to let you regret it. For the rest, there will now be no man among the more elegant sort who will not be delighted by the now far more pleasing appearance of Florius himself, as he takes on a new character through your care; and on that account I warmly congratulate both Florius and you, both because you have defended an excellent author from contempt and restored him, with admirable splendor, to his integrity, and also because you have wished me, among the first, to be presented with a copy of so beautifully adorned a work, flourishing in every respect toward a new praise. That golden fragment of Hippolytus’s commentaries on Daniel, which you shared with us, abundantly testifies to your splendid desire to deserve well of us also; as far as I know, complete copies are nowhere to be found today. I remember that various fragments of them survive in different parts of Italy; some were once transcribed from the Medici Library, but since yours is more extensive, you will do me a very great favor if, as soon as possible, you have the rest, or rather whatever they may be, all copied out from beginning to end at my expense, so that these torn and scattered relics, justly venerable as the remains of so great a man, may as soon as possible be joined with the rest of his smaller works. For the two inscriptions found some time ago in your district, by which you have no less delighted me, I am greatly indebted to you: you can hardly believe how pleasing and welcome they were to me, since they clearly support and confirm a certain interpretation of some of the most obscure inscriptions, carefully and cautiously devised by me fourteen years ago, as I may say without presumption. It will be my concern that, on that account, those who have any interest in the study of hidden antiquities may soon understand how much we owe you. We have not yet seen here any new monuments of this kind by Spon. The first class of Reinesius’s Syntagma, containing the titles of the Gods and Goddesses, has finally reached us in recent days through the special kindness of Mr. Carpovius. While I was waiting for this for more than a year, because I knew it was under the press, I had meanwhile kept back the Reinesian corpus of Gruterus, to my great regret; for I wished, so as not to do a useless thing twice over, first to learn whether the inscriptions which Reinesius had copied here and there into the margin of Gruterus were all faithfully reproduced in his Leipzig Syntagma. Now that I see that not even the smallest one has been omitted in this first class, I infer the same for the rest; and know that nothing is more earnestly desired by me than that, at the earliest possible time and in perfect good faith, of which you need not doubt, it be safely restored to its proper place. Meanwhile, while we seek each day for a certain opportunity to do this, we have taken care to excuse this whole delay to the illustrious Seckendorff with very respectful and diligent words. Now I come to the last part of your letter, in which that affection of yours for me, so often shown, reveals itself most beautifully. For when you repeatedly and kindly promise that the safety of my affairs in Batavia will be a matter of the greatest concern to you, indeed that you are willing to do everything on my account, it can hardly be said how much this language, full of goodwill and love, has affected me amid undeserved troubles
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M. GUDI I EPISTOLA. 35 modis ad certam spem erexerit; tui quod superest jam erit & consilii & judicii, diligenter dispicere, qua potissimum ratione illis rebus nostris tua tuo- rumque amicorum gratia atque auctoritate quam celerrime succurras, ne diutius in his tricis moremur, quæ omnem de te tuique similibus egregiis viris ultro bene merendi viam nobis præcludunt. Quæ postremum amoenæ coronidis loco de Illustris Heinsi nostri perpetua atque constanti in me voluntate tam suaviter nuncias, ex plurimis, quas habet epistola tua, jucunditatibus & omnium primæ & maximæ mihi voluptati fuere; ego sane pristinæ observantiæ, qua virum tantum semper colui, nihil unquam patiar decedere. Virgilium & Vellejum Paterculum, quos ab eo mihi missos dicis, sancte testari possum me non vidisse, idque eo tantum scribo ne intermissi, quod eo nomine persolvere debebam, officii coarguar; nihil mihi gratius facere poteris, quam si insignium ejusmodi virorum amicitias mihi tum novas concilies, tum inprimis veteres nostras, ea qua multum vales, gratia tuearis & conserve. Vale. Hamburgi. Prid. Eid. Sextil. 1313 LXXX. E 2 DOCTO-
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M. GUDI I. LETTER. 35 by what means he may have raised you to a sure hope; what now remains for you is a matter both of counsel and judgment, to consider carefully by what means above all you may, with the help and authority of your friends and your own, most quickly come to the aid of those affairs of ours, lest we linger longer in these entanglements, which shut off from us every way of doing good of our own accord to you and to men of excellence like you. What you most recently and so pleasantly report, as a graceful crown to your letter, concerning the constant and steadfast goodwill of our illustrious Heinsius toward me, has been among the many pleasures contained in your letter both the first and greatest delight to me; and indeed I shall never allow anything to fall away from my former regard, with which I have always honored so great a man. I can solemnly affirm that I have not seen the Virgil and the Velleius Paterculus, which you say were sent to me by him, and I write this only so that I may not be accused of neglecting the duty I owed under that head. You can do nothing more agreeable for me than if you both win me new friendships with men of such distinction, and especially preserve and maintain our old ones, by that favor by which you are so greatly powerful. Farewell. Hamburg. The day before the Ides of Sextilis. 1313 LXXX. E 2 DOCTO-
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DOCTORUM VIRORUM AD MARQUARD. GUDIUM EPISTOLAE. EPISTOLA I. MARQ. GUDIO. S. D. Th. Reinesius. Uper tuis ad me epistolis, & Seazonte, quem publice quoque legi curasti, quomodo animo adfectus fuerim, e moribus meis, quos paucis aliunde mutuatus verba de- lineabo, promptum fuerit tibi divinare. Oude ἀπεις μεθ χαίρω τοῖς πηλακηνητῶν τῶν θόρον, quibus adfines maxime sunt οι εν τοῖς ἐπαίνοις ἀυατοι, απλα μοι δοξειν οι πιντοι γοντες είναι, καὶ ἐπικα ἐλληθεροι πινο Φυσιν; ηλ δὲ τοῖς ἐπαίνοις μαίλισα ὑπαν πις ἐπαινη με, Φορλικαὶς ἐγινερμένθις ποιμηλον τῶς ἐπεργολαίς, ἐρυθειῶν πε, ἐγ ὑπιγν δεῖν ἐπιφερετωμαι ὑπο ώπα, ἐγ τὸ περίγμα χλέυη μαίλλον ἐπιμιγω ἐσκικέναι μοι δοξεῖ. Μεχελ ὑδὲ τὰδε οι ἐπαίνοι ἀνεκτοι εἰστιν, εἰς ὑπον αν ὃ ἐπικινέμην ὑποειχη ἐκασον. τῶν λευμεύσων φεροῦν ἰαυτῶν. Τὸ δὲ ἐπιερ τῶν άλλότερον ἐδη ἐν πηλακηία συφής. Nimirum, cum plerorumque, que de me magnifice prædicasti, ἐγινερεπηνεσ, nihil in me agnoscam, senties quo tuus tibi Panegyricus curiose comtus structusque evadat: in quo si fuisses moderatior continentiorque, ἀνεπίθενον μεῖτοι πεποιχης ἀν τῶν ἐπαίνον: quod nunc evenit secius. Unus audaciam tuam excusaverit amor, qui modum tenere nequit; ut non opus habeas, quod posses tamen, prætexere, ἐλληθερόντε ἐπαίνον, ἐδὲ είναι αυτῶ μὲτεν, εἰς μεχθὸν ἐν θεαχύτητα νενομοδερμηλῶν. Eum amorem tuum inhumanus sim si refutem, etsi, quod fecisti, gratum accidisse mihi fateri erubescam; faciamque porro ut intelligas, me bonis literarumque cupidis mentibus favere ex animo, delectarique, & levem senectutem videri eorum, qui a juventute, senum præceptis, quibus ad virtutis studia ducuntur, gaudente, intelliguntur & coluntur. In lapide Augustano sive DUILLIUS, sive BELLIUS recipiatur, habendum est in promiscuo. Est
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LETTERS OF LEARNED MEN TO MARQUARD GUDIUS. LETTER I. TO MARQ. GUDIUS. S. D. Th. Reinesius. From your letters to me, and from the Seazonte, which you also took care to have read publicly, it would be easy for you to guess how I was affected in mind. From my character, which I shall sketch in a few words borrowed from elsewhere, you would readily divine it. For I seem to myself to be among those who take pleasure in praise, yet are not at all like those who, by nature, are open only to encomium, and are wholly free from the fault of flattery; and when I am praised most lavishly, I am rather moved to laughter than touched with admiration. For such praises are insupportable, if they are not restrained within some moderate limit; and that which is too far removed from moderation appears to me to be mere flattery. But these things are acceptable, if they are offered within due measure. And what is said about others in a flattering style is usually accepted in that way. For certainly, when I recognize in myself none of the things which you have magnificently proclaimed about me, you will perceive how your Panegyric, neatly and elaborately composed, may turn out. If you had been more restrained and more moderate, you would surely have made praise more acceptable; as things stand now, it turns out otherwise. Only love, which cannot keep measure, would excuse your boldness; so that you need not have used, though you might have, the pretext of free praise, and have put forward something in a more polished manner. I should be inhuman if I were to reject that love of yours, even though I blush to admit that what you did was acceptable to me; and I shall continue to act so that you may understand that I favor good men and those eager for letters from the heart, and that I am delighted by the studies of those whose old age seems light, who from youth onward, under the precepts of the old, by which they are led to the pursuit of virtue, are gladly understood and cherished. On the Augustan stone, whether DUILLIUS or BELLIUS be read, it must be taken as interchangeable. It is
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 37 Est enim ejusdem Gentis nomen utrumque: tertium similiter VILLIUS: & fortasse quartum quoque BELLIUS; & quintum PELLIUS (nisi hic est Opellius) sic enim variant lapides. Mihi placuit Duillium reponere, quod cognomen Silani in libris & Fastis toties huic impositum legam, nusquam Billio; eoque existimo, præsente ursa non esse quærenda ejus vestigia, relinquamus hoc . . . BILLIUS autem facilius ex apposita pictura deduci, ut scribis, ego quidem non intelligo; unde B exculpi possit, viderint oculatoires. Et meorum igitur nihil dum muto. Neque adcredo Merulæ ad Enn. p. 60. qui in Ciceronis Cluentiana Binnium reformat in Billium, quod Binnii apud Rom. nusquam noti. Imo vero sunt; audimus enim Bennios, Pinnios, Vennios, Venios, eandem familiam. Quod de inscriptione Albæ Iuliiæ, in Dacicas puto, reperta scribis, obscurum est; significa quænam ea sit, & de quo. Dacias e schedis Monavianis habeo: quam plures. In carmine tuo, antequam Lipsiam mitterem Bosio, emendavi voculam, quam volebas; expunxi & sibilum in holocaustoma. Est enim verbale ; ab verbali adjectivo substantivum formari non concedam. Ad Cl. Jönseni Spartos, quam primum chartas pellegere vacaverit, fortassis notanda quædam venient; ea aliquando candidè communicata habebitis amanter. Bene Vale, mi Gudene & salve. Altenb. 23. Nov. a. 1655. Diatribes de lingua L. Punica ne unicum quidem penes me restat exemplar. EPISTOLA II. MARQ. GUDIO. S. D. Th. Reinesius. Ienam, Commodum ante dies octo responderam Bosio & Helmio, cum me tibi idem officii debere & Jönsenio recordor; ad id expleendum dum adcingor, ecce morbus me prehendit, & nexum detinet sic, ut de exitu, quem nos salutarem vocamus & optare solemus , res anceps sit. Differendum igitur est istud; . Ut autem intelligas de amore in te meo, etiam desiderio tuo de suggerendis proposito tuo, de reliquiis quas vocant SS. quibusdam indulgeo . Indico autem verius quos consulere super negotio possis, quam quid ipse sentiam: quanquam in iis, quæ de talibus docent nostrates plane adquiescam; in historia nonnunquam dissentiam. Non enim omnia, quæ in istam rem citari solent a gregariis, sibi constant; quod in brevi epistolio ostendere non licet. Inter propugnatores autem nomino tibi, præter quos fortasse jam excussisti, Carolum Scribanum S. I. qui hoc vehementer agit 1. 3. controversorum orthodoxæ fidei 1. 3. per capp. 5. Julium Cæsarem Coturium ejusdem sectæ hominem in Epit. controv. demonstr. Didac. Covarruv. 1. 1. Var. resolut. c. 10. n. 13. & seqq. Contradicentes hisce Vigilantii discipulis, qui primus pro superstitione E 3 circa
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TO MARQ. GUDIUS’ LETTER. 37 For it is in fact the name of the same family in both forms: a third similarly, VILLIUS; and perhaps a fourth too, BELLIUS; and a fifth, PELLIUS (unless this is Opellius); for thus the inscriptions vary. I thought it best to restore Duillius, because I read that the cognomen of Silanus is so often assigned to this man in books and in the Fasti, but nowhere Billius; and for that reason I think that, since the she-bear is present, its tracks are not to be sought; let us leave this . . . BILLIUS, however, to be derived more easily from the accompanying image, as you write, I certainly do not understand; from where the B could be scraped out, let those who have eyes judge. And so I do not yet alter anything of my own. Nor do I agree with Merula in Enn. p. 60, who in Cicero’s Cluentiana reworks Binnius into Billius, because Binnii are nowhere known among the Romans. On the contrary, they do exist; for we hear of Bennii, Pinnii, Vennii, Venii—of the same family. What you write about the inscription of Alba Iulia, in the Dacica, I think, found, is obscure; state what it is, and about whom. I have the Daciae from the Monavian notes: many. In your poem, before I sent it to Lipsius through Bosio, I corrected the little word that you wished; I also struck out the hissing sound in holocaustoma. For it is a verbal noun; I will not allow a noun to be formed from a verbal adjective. To Cl. Jönsen’s Spartos, as soon as he has time to read through the papers, perhaps certain points will come up that should be noted; if these are ever communicated candidly, you will have them kindly. Farewell well, my Gudius, and goodbye. Altenb., 23 Nov. a. 1655. Of the Diatribes de lingua L. Punica there remains with me not a single copy. EPISTLE II. TO MARQ. GUDIO. Greetings. Th. Reinesius. Iena, I had just eight days ago replied to Bosio and Helmio, when I recalled that I owed the same service to you and to Jönsenius; while I am preparing to discharge it, behold, illness has seized me, and holds me in its grasp so that the outcome, which we call salutary and are accustomed to hope for, is uncertain. It must therefore be postponed. But so that you may understand my affection for you, I also indulge your desire concerning the suggestions to be made for your project, concerning the remains which they call SS. But I indicate more truly whom you may consult about the matter, rather than what I myself think: although in those things which our countrymen teach about such matters I entirely acquiesce; in history I sometimes differ. For not everything that is usually cited for this matter by the common run of writers is consistent with itself; which cannot be shown in a short letter. Among the defenders, however, I name to you, besides those whom perhaps you have already examined, Carolus Scribanus of the Society of Jesus, who vigorously presses this point in 1.3 of the Controversies of Orthodox Faith, 1.3 through chaps. 5; Julius Caesar Coturius, a man of the same school, in the Epitome of the Controversies Demonstrated; Didacus Covarruvias in 1.1 of the Var. resolut., ch. 10, no. 13, and following. Those who oppose these disciples of Vigilantius, who first on behalf of superstition E 3 around
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38 DOCT RUM VIRORUM circa reliquias scripsit, præter quos non ignotos tibi esse duco, nolmino tibi Calvini Inventarium reliquiarum, uti adpellat Rivetus: Ejus libelli meminisse no- veris Sleid. 1. 15: quomodo eum taxet [n]o[n] Surius videbis apud Rai- nold. prælect. de II. Apocryph. p. 2. 139. Confer etiam si lubet Riveti Cathol. orth. Tract. 2. qu. 54: ejusdem castigat. notarum Silv. Petra-Sancta in epistolam P. Molinæi ad Hier. Balzacum cap. 19. n. 3. & seqq. Item scripta Grotii & Riveti ad Consultat. Cassandri. Mornæum 1. 3. de sacra Euchar. c. 14. & seqq. Notabile est, quod Julianus Imp. ep. ad Bostranos, etiam ideo reprehendat Galilæos, tanquam essent, [mercur]io [satur]i [mercur]is [satur]is, [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i 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Transcription: Translated (English)
38 DOCT RUM OF MEN concerning relics has written, besides those whom I count not unknown to you, by name to you Calvin’s Inventory of Relics, as Rivetus calls it: You will remember mention of this little book you will know Sleid. 1. 15: how he reproaches [n]o[n] Surius, you will see in Rainold. prælect. de II. Apocryph. p. 2. 139. Compare also, if you like, Rivetus’ Cathol. orth. Tract. 2. qu. 54: the same is corrected in the notes of Silv. Petra-Sancta on the epistle of P. Molinæus to Hier. Balzac, cap. 19. n. 3. & seqq. Likewise the writings of Grotius & Rivetus on Consultat. Cassandri. Mornæus 1. 3. de sacra Euchar. c. 14. & seqq. It is notable that the Emperor Julian, in his epistle to the Bostrians, also for this reason reproaches the Galileans, as if they were, [mercur]io [satur]i [mercur]is [satur]is, [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i [mercur]i [satur]i 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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 39 Gruterum. p. cxiii. 4. quæ Titum Vespas. etiamnum vivum sic appellat. Oppositurus etiam nonam. p. cl.iii. & 9. p. ccxxvi, ecquid σωφι Φαρμαν elicies? Argumentum autem a Juliani , & ad ostendendas origines vel ætatem λευτα- νολατρειας petitum, non esse satis firmum tibi ιδιαθερομα. Mihi autem videtur satis firmum esse, & tuto credi testi de re, quam videre, audire, cognovisse per ætatem aliasque circumstantias ipsus potuit, deponenti. Quid vero putas caussæ habuit Augustus, ut adfingeret Bostranis eos a Diis versos ad reliquias Martyrum? Vidit a Bostranis reliquias coli eorum, quas pro fide tot tormenta & supplicia pertulisse noverant, & narravit igitur, & object vere, non per calumniam. Cyrillus omnia diluit, quæ Galilæis objecerat Julianus, inquis: non diluit autem hoc tanquam per calumniam ab eo dictum esset. Ergo restat verum quod fuerit, & tale quod negare nec poterat, nec volebat Cyrillus. φορλικοπον ista & inclementius dicuntur in Imperatorem, (quamvis merito deplorandum omnino cum nullius rei fidem mereri) mentitum esse omnia. Et qui negabimus nos post xii seculum quod Theodoretus Cyzic. non tam fassus est, quam plenis buccis deprædicarit serm. ὑπεὶ πις τῶν μαστύρων πιστής, quam contra gentiles acerrime propugnat? Consilium tuum de editione epistolarum mearum, quas habere te a Majore b. m. donatas miror doleoque, plane crudum est; eoque me graviter perculisti. Per omnia sacra te rogo abstineas, dum quas, quomodo, ubi vulgaturus sis, rescivero. Scribimus ad amicos interdum nulla cum cura; an αquum est, ut quisque, & quidem hoc maligno sæculo, in publico ista legat, præsertim non revisa, & autore ignorante. Recordare turbarum, quas sive imprudentia sua sive malitia, (certe non egerunt ut boni viri) conciverunt in Helmstadienses Prussi. Super eo negotio rogatus tum & ego quædam ad amicos perscripseram de sensu meo: quæ cum adversæ parti per rumigerulos garrulos innotuissent, parum absuit, quin colaphum ideo mihi impingeret τῶν ἀρχιερέων πε. Vivimus in viperina societate, latetque sub quovis pene lapide scorpius. Φερρεῖν δὲν μὲ μεμηνοδ[ι]ς. Incepi ante paucos dies digerere αμεβας meas ad Hofmannum & Rupertum Professores Noricos, pro iis si typographum reperire posses, gratum id foret. Sunt in iis præterquam argumenti medici, pleraque Historiam & Inscriptiones illustrantia; propria, si voles, videre poteris. Paratum etiam habeo supplementum Historicorum Græcorum, sed sparsum in chartis; velimque antequam in ordinem coëverint omnia, prius specilegium Ber. a Mallincrot, quod nundinæ nuperæ promiscere, excutere, ne actum agam. Ejus e vestris bibliopoliis copiam ære meo mihi facito, quæso, & mittito proxime. Dn. Jönsenium, si quando scribes peramanter saluta, similiter Helmium Hamburgensem, eidemque significa, libros quos e Belgio pro me missos novit, me nondum accepisse. Commentariolum ad Inscriptionem, quem promisi Var. lect. 1. p. 87. & quem a Jönsenio requisitum memini, habebis prima occasione. Cl. Bosis πλῶν ἔριν, & ejus quod molitur, imo vero omnium lætabilem successum ex animo opto; tibique mi Gudi, optime valere. Altenb. λυχναυλιας. a. d. 24. Octob. 1656. EPI-
Transcription: Translated (English)
To Marq. Gudius, Epistle 39 Gruter, p. cxiii. 4, which even now so names Titus Vespasian while still alive. He will also adduce the ninth, p. cl. iii. & 9, p. ccxxvi; can you extract anything from σωφι Φαρμαν? But the argument drawn from Julian, and intended to show the origins or age of λευτανολατρειας, does not seem to you sufficiently firm. Yet to me it seems quite firm, and safely to be credited from a witness who, by reason of age and other circumstances, could have perceived, heard, and known the matter himself. But what do you think Augustus had as a reason for representing to the Bostran people that those things had been turned aside by the gods toward the relics of the Martyrs? He saw that the relics were honored by the Bostran people, of those whom they knew to have endured so many tortures and punishments for the faith, and therefore he reported it, and objected it truly, not by slander. Cyril, you say, wipes away everything which Julian had charged against the Galilaeans: but he does not wipe away this as though it had been said by him by way of slander. Therefore what remains is that it was true, and of such a kind that Cyril could neither deny it nor was willing to deny it. φορλικοπον; such things are said more harshly against the Emperor, who, though to be deplored in every way, since he deserves no credit at all in any matter, had lied about everything. And who will deny that, after the twelfth century, Theodoret of Cyzicus, not so much confessed as proclaimed with full cheeks, “serm. ὑπεὶ πις τῶν μαστύρων πιστής,” while he vehemently defends himself against the pagans? Your plan for publishing my letters, which you say you have as a gift from the late Major, I both wonder at and grieve over; and by it you have struck me severely. For every sacred thing I beg you to refrain, until I have learned which ones you intend to publish, how, and where. We sometimes write to friends without any care; but is it fair that anyone should read those things in public, and indeed in this malignant age, especially when they have not been revised and the author is unaware? Remember the disturbances which, whether through their own imprudence or through malice, (certainly not acting as good men) the Prussians stirred up against the people of Helmstadt. About that business I too, when asked, had written certain things to friends concerning my view of it: when these had become known to the opposing party through chatterers and prattlers, it was little short of my receiving a blow for it from one of the archpriests. We live in a society of vipers, and beneath almost every stone a scorpion lies hidden. Φερρεῖν δὲν μὲ μεμηνοδ[ι]ς. A few days ago I began to arrange my αμεβας to Hofmann and Rupert, professors at Noricum; if you could find a printer for them, that would be welcome. In them, besides medical material, there are for the most part matters illustrating history and inscriptions; you may, if you wish, see the private ones. I also have ready a supplement to the Greek historians, but it is scattered on loose sheets; and I should wish, before everything has been brought into order, first to go through the specilegium of Ber. a Mallincrot, which was recently mixed together at the fair, so that I may not be doing work already done. Please obtain for me, at my expense, a copy of it from one of your booksellers, and send it to me as soon as possible. Greet Dn. Jönsenius very affectionately when you write, and likewise Helm of Hamburg; and tell him that the books sent from Belgium for me, which he knows of, I have not yet received. You will have the little commentary on the inscription, which I promised in Var. lect. 1, p. 87 and which I remember was requested from Jönsenius, at the first opportunity. To Cl. Bosis I wish from my heart πλῶν ἔριν, and the happy success of what he is undertaking, indeed of all things; and to you, my dear Gudi, to be in the best of health. Altenburg, a.d. 24 Oct. 1656. EPI-
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40 DOCTORUM VIRORUM EPISTOLA IV. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Th. Reinesius. Ienam. IN misere distractum curis, quas toto dies, μινην γε δει, & noctes (mu- lus nimirum ille Marianus) præstare publico obnoxius sum, incidisti nunc: & hoc frandi tibi erit, ne accipias ad omnia, quæ velles, responsum. Ad Nepotem nihil a me exspectare potestis; causas novit Cl. Bosis. Reliqua- rum seu λευλανολογίας gratia non licet hodie mihi excutere ἰερολογημα mea: dixi de iis quantum tum potui. In centuriis Histor. Eccles. Hisp. autore Laur. de Codilla D. Episcopo Pampelonense lingua Castellana scriptis, reperire talia, ἐστ, fortasse potero; sed otium vel quærendo inter alios abdito libro de- ficit. Tomos illustratæ Hispaniæ editore Schotto Soc. Ies. e bibliothecis ve- stratibus require huic negotio non sine fructu licebit. Accipis hac vice par- ticulam Epistolarum mearum, de quibus dicebam, & dein alias Rupertinas, itemque reliqua commentarii ad inscriptionem de Probinis. Observabis in istis pagellis ea, quibus litera a. & b. prænotata est, pertinere ad præcedentem de Clo- diis; si quod in iis occurrat παρεγγημα, vapulet ideo librarius: neque enim contuli ad meum idionηφον. Expecto autem ut ad me redeant. Ad in- scriptionem Dacicam mittam omnia, quamprimum descripta habuero: sin id minus, indicabo tamen breviter quid de ea habendum sit; pro quo labore Scaligerum mihi acturum gratias esse scio, si viveret, homini Germano, quod genus non æstimant adeo, ut exteri, ita Belgæ nonnulli φορλικοπεροι. Expe- divi enim Virum illustrem negotio minimo maximo æstu. Cl. Bosisum peraman- ter saluto, & securum tam de nomine, quod apud me contraxisse singit, quam de epistola Rhodii esse jubeo. Spicilegium de Hilstor. Græcis B. a Malincrot avide videre aveo. Bene Vale mi Gudi, & salve. Altenb. a. d. 20. Decemb. 1656. EPISTOLA V. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. I. A. Bosisus. Amstelodamum. DIu multumque requirenti mihi, Eruditissime atque amicissime Gudi, ubi terrarum tu & Helmius, primi pariter & optimi Ienensium amico- rum, degeretis; accidit peropportune, ut ferme sub idem tempus, de utro- que certior fierem. Nam Geneva, quo paullo ante excurrerat frater meus, nuntiavit, Helmium se Tubingæ superiori æstate offendisse; nudius vero ter- tius, Thomas Götzius bibliopola Francofurtensis, hac transiens te Amstelo- dami vivere narravit, simul pollicitus se literas ad te curaturum. Quam ego oc- casionem non una causa minime mihi prætermittendam esse arbitratus sum. Primo
Transcription: Translated (English)
40 TO THE LEARNED MEN LETTER IV. TO MARQ. GUDIO. Greeting. Th. Reinesius. Jena. You have now come upon me in the midst of miserable distractions, which all day long, day and night, I am bound to endure for the public service (that Marian mule, as he is called, you know). And this will be your advantage, that you do not receive an answer to everything you might wish. About Nepos you can expect nothing from me; Cl. Bosis knows the reasons. As for the rest, whether for the sake of a little literary trifling or not, it is not possible for me today to go through my notes in detail; I have said about them as much as I then could. If in the Decades of Ecclesiastical History of Spain, written in Castilian by Laur. de Codilla, Bishop of Pamplona, I should chance to find such things, perhaps I shall be able to do so; but I lack the leisure even to search for the hidden book among the rest. You may, for this business, look in the volumes of Illustrata Hispania, edited by Schott of the Society of Jesus, in your libraries; it may not be without profit. This time you receive a portion of my Letters, about which I was speaking, and then some others, the Rupertine ones, and also the rest of the commentary on the inscription concerning the Probins. You will observe in those pages that the items marked with the letters a. and b. belong to the preceding matter on the Clodii; if in them anything unseemly occurs, let the bookseller be beaten for it, for I certainly did not compare it with my own source. I am expecting, however, that they will be returned to me. I shall send everything concerning the Dacian inscription as soon as I have it copied out; if not, I shall at least briefly indicate what judgment should be formed of it; for which labor I know Scaliger would thank me, if he were alive, though a German man is not so highly esteemed by those of that kind, as outsiders are, nor by certain Belgians, who are rather too eager for such things. For indeed I have eased a distinguished man in a matter of the smallest importance with the greatest effort. I greet Cl. Bosisus most affectionately, and I bid him be reassured both about the name, which he imagines he has contracted from me, and about the letter of Rhodius. I eagerly desire to see the Spicilegium on Greek History by B. a Malincrot. Farewell, my dear Gudi, and greetings. Altenburg, on the 20th of December, 1656. LETTER V. TO MARQ. GUDIO. Greeting. I. A. Bosisus. Amsterdam. For a long time and with much persistence I have been asking, most learned and dearest Gudi, where on earth you and Helmius, the first and best of the Jena friends, were living; and it happened very conveniently that almost at the same time I learned where each of you was. For Geneva, where my brother had shortly before gone, reported that Helmius had been encountered by him at Tübingen the previous summer; and the day before yesterday Thomas Götzius, the bookseller from Frankfurt, passing this way, told me that you were living at Amsterdam, and at the same time promised that he would arrange for letters to be sent to you. I judged that I should on no account let slip this opportunity for more than one reason. First
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 41 Primo namque, quod Francofurto discedens, promiseras Te multa ad rem li- terariam facientia ad me relaturum, ea res dici non potest, quantopere in me auxerit desiderium literas a te accipiendi; quem noram & curiosum, & ma- gnis viris familiarem, denique subacto in dijudicandis, quæ ad literas spe- stant, judicio esse. Deinde qua vivas conditione, qua fortuna, & quæ a te expectare res literaria habeat (ut in cognoscendis eorum rebus, quos sincere dili- gimus, semper solliciti sumus) mire cupiebam recognoscere. Postremo, quid eruditissimi quique Belgarum, inter quos vivis, aut nuper ediderint, aut etiamnum moliantur, per te optime omnium me cogniturum sperabam. Age igitur, mi Optime Gudi, instaura commercium literarium, & si non omnino veteris in- ter nos amicitiæ oblitus es, si quid vacat, aliquanto explicatius ad me perfeci- be, primum quæ ad fortunam & studia tua pertinent; dein cætera, quæ non injucunda nobis futura existimas: inprimis quid Gronovius, Vossius, Hein- sius magna nomina moliantur. Gronovium Vinnio successisse nuper mihi nar- ratum, sed incerta side. Vossii de vera mundi ætate diatribam una eum apolo- giis adversus Hornium legi hisce diebus, & obstupui. Multa sunt ab eo subti- liter disputata, fateor; sed & multa supposita, ut certa, quæ nescio an un- quam piis & eruditis lectoribus, probaturus sit. Quantum enim est, bone Deus, quod adfirmat, non minus vere nos habere tæv o versionem, quam ha- bemus Virgilii aut Ciceronis scripta? quod negat ullibi Hebraica male ab illis expressa? Taceo alia & in his quædam aperte falsa. Pridem ingenium hominis & egregiam eruditionem veneror; credoque adeo multo majorem, non Patre so- lum, ut augurabatur, dum amicus erat, Salmasius, sed etiam Salmasio ipso fu- turum fuisse, si voluisset; sed ut ingue fateor, subaudaculum esse & con- fidentiorem, quam par, erat in asserendis, de quibus plerumque cordatiores dubitant, postrema ejus scripta, meo quidem judicio fidem abunde faciunt. Hornii diatribæ ei oppositæ neque ad nos, neque Francofurtum delatæ sunt; & tamen impense eas videre cupio. Tu si hac in parte nos juvare potes, fac quæso, quandocyus; & ut ad Götzium ex perferantur effice. Quid vero ab Heinsio exspectandum? An tandem aliquando prodibunt Notæ ejus in Ovi- dium? quarum desiderium nuper mihi renovarunt quædam conjecturæ ad eum Poetam Guil. Capoferrei amici nobis hominis, & in conjectando non parum alioqui felicis, sed libris melioribus fere destituti; quas te vidisse non dubito: provenerunt enim Lipsiæ ante menses quasi decem. Grævium novum huma- niorum literarum lumen (ut a Gronovio eum laudari heri in ejus præfatione ad novam editionem Senecæ vidi) Daventriam vocatum, fama eadem tulit, quæ Gronovium Leidam concessisse nuntiabat. Id an ita sit, tu facile sciveris. Ad eum scripsi jam ante biennium, literasque, una cum reliquis Nepotis no- stri, nisi ad Beckensteinium. Sed dubito an recte curatæ sint, immo an per- ierint. Polÿæni novam editionem eum pollicitum nosti. Hanc dudum avi- de expectamus. Nisi proditura est brevi, faxo ut Casauboniana recudatur: neque enim ferendum est ejus generis scriptore tam diu plures bibliothecas F catere
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TO MARQUARD GUDIUS. LETTER 41 First of all, because when leaving Frankfurt you promised that you would send me many things bearing on literature, the increase in my desire to receive letters from you cannot be expressed. I knew you to be both curious and familiar with great men, and finally to have a mind sharpened in judging matters pertaining to letters. Then I greatly wished to learn what condition you live in, what fortune you have, and what the republic of letters may expect from you; for, as we are always anxious to learn the affairs of those whom we sincerely love, so I hoped through you to know these things very well. Finally, I expected to learn from you better than anyone else what the most learned men among the Dutch, among whom you live, have either recently published or are still planning. Come then, my very best Gudius, renew our literary intercourse; and if you have not entirely forgotten our old friendship, if you have time, write to me more fully, first about what concerns your fortunes and your studies; then about the rest, which you think will not be unpleasant to us: above all, what Gronovius, Vossius, Heinsius, those great names, are planning. It was recently reported to me, though on uncertain authority, that Gronovius had succeeded Vinnius. I read these days Vossius’s dissertation on the true age of the world, together with the apologies against Hornius, and was amazed. I confess that many things are argued with subtlety by him; but also many things are assumed as certain, and I do not know whether he will ever prove them to pious and learned readers. For, good God, how much is it that he asserts, namely that we have the version of taevo no less truly than we have the writings of Virgil or Cicero? that nowhere are the Hebrew things badly rendered by them? I pass over other matters, and among these some things that are plainly false. For a long time I have admired the man’s talent and excellent learning; and I believe that it would have been much greater—not only than his father’s, as Salmasius used to predict while he was still his friend, but even greater than Salmasius’s own—if he had wanted it; but, frankly, I confess that his later writings show him to be a little too bold and too confident in asserting things about which more cautious men usually doubt. Hornius’s dissertation opposed to it has not been brought either to us or to Frankfurt; and yet I am greatly eager to see it. If you can help us in this matter, please do so as soon as possible; and see that it is conveyed to Götzius. But what is to be expected from Heinsius? Will his notes on Ovid at last ever appear? My desire for them was recently renewed by certain conjectures on that poet by Guil. Capoferreus, a friend of ours, a man not without some skill in conjecturing, though otherwise rather lacking in better books; I do not doubt that you have seen them, for they were published at Leipzig nearly ten months ago. Rumor also reported that Grævius, that new light of humane letters, as I saw Gronovius call him yesterday in his preface to the new edition of Seneca, had been summoned to Deventer; the same rumor said that Gronovius had gone to Leiden. Whether this is so, you will easily know. I wrote to him already two years ago, together with the rest of our Nepos, unless it was to Beckensteinius. But I doubt whether they were properly delivered, indeed whether they did not perish. You know that he promised a new edition of Polyænus. We have long been eagerly waiting for this. If it is not soon to appear, I shall see to it that the Casaubon edition is reprinted; for it is intolerable that so many libraries should so long lack a writer of that kind.
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41 DOCTORUM VIRORUM care cogi. Ego enim nondum tam fortunatus fui, ur adipiscerer; nisi quod ab amico Helmstadiensi mutuum accepi. Quando autem tua de Clinicis prodibunt? Partis ejus, quæ apud nos excusa est, dudum distracta sunt exemplaria, jamque permisi typographo, ut denno excudat, aut nostris de Pontifice brevi recudendis (ita enim volunt amici & typographus) subnectat. Quod si tacita spes est, integram prodituram, faxo ut omittat. Scioppii Grammaticam & Paradoxa, tua opera recusa esse ajebat Götzius, id si ita est, gratiæ tibi non exiguæ debentur: fac autem quæso ut etiam Minerva ejus Sanctiana & animadversiones in Vossium, aliaque pariter prodeant apud vos. Ut de nostris aliquid addam, post absolutam Chronologiam Boxhornianam, manum adjiciam editioni Josephi & fortasse Cleomedis quoque de Meteoris. Eum nuper contuli cum MSS. membranis, sed media sui parte mutilis: quæ multas Balforei conjecturas confirmant, plures vero ab eo mendas relictas plane sancire possunt. Etiam hîc ipsis diebus contuli Aristotelis libellos de Ilaone, Xenophane & Gorgia, admodum, ut nosti, in omnibus editionibus corruptos, cum membranis veteribus, e quibus pariter multa restitui. Incidit & liber de Mundo in manus meas, quam proxime conferam cum editione Vulcanii. Hunc dum nomino, simul indignor, neminem animum adjicere ad novam editionem Arriani de rebus Alexandri, quem nitidiosius ab eo olim publicatum nosti. Vix enim ullus, credo, rarior inventu est liber. A typographis obtineri posset, uti unum alterumque scriptorem Græcum denuo prælo submittant. Polybio id fieri dudum fama est: sperarique futurum ut proximo mercatu Francofurtensi prodiret. Nec plura charta, ut video, sed & tempus vestat. Bene vale mi amicissime Gudi, & si fieri potest, unum alterumque ex eruditioribus Belgis nobis concilia; ante omnes vero magnum Gronovium, cujus virtutem & eruditionem sic veneror & colo, ut nullum alterum magis. Scribebam raptim medio Octob. A. 17 DE LIX. EPISTOLA VI. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. F. A. Bossus. Gotterpium. I Amdudum aliquid ad te literarum mittere constitui, postquam magna cum eruditionis fama rediisse in patriam, & Aulæ Ducali admotum Te intellexi. Sed deerat occasio, & verebar ne veteris amici oblivio Te cepisset. Nunc postquam in iis curandis Reinbothus noster operam mihi suam pollicitus est, rem non amplius differendam censui: præsertim cum Tuo nuper nomine salvere me jusserit Clarissimus Dn. Tribbechovius. Gratulor autem ante omnia Tibi de amplissimo, quod adeptus es, munere, & magis etiam (nec enim fortunæ heic ullæ sunt partes) de egregia raraque cum eruditione, tum suppellectile literaria domum ex peregrinatione reportata. Deum toto pectore vene-
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41 MEN OF LEARNING be forced. For I have not yet been so fortunate as to obtain it, except that I borrowed from a friend in Helmstedt. When, however, will your work on the Clinics appear? The copies of that part which was printed here among us have long since been dispersed, and now I have allowed the printer either to reprint it, or to attach it to our short reprinting of the Pope de Pontifice (for so the friends and the printer wish). But if there is a tacit hope that it will come out complete, I shall see to it that this is omitted. Götzius was saying that Scioppius’s Grammar and Paradoxes were reprinted with your help; if that is so, you are owed no small thanks: but I beg you to see that his Sanctian Minerva and the notes on Vossius, as well as other similar works, also appear with you. To add something about our own affairs: after the completion of Boxhorn’s Chronology, I shall put my hand to the edition of Josephus and perhaps also of Cleomedes de Meteoris . I have recently collated this latter with manuscript parchments, though mutilated in the middle of the work: these confirm many of Balforeus’s conjectures, but can plainly correct many errors which he left behind. Here too, these very days, I collated Aristotle’s little works de Ilaone, Xenophane et Gorgia , which, as you know, are very corrupt in all editions, with ancient parchments, from which many readings were likewise restored. A book de Mundo also came into my hands; I shall compare it very soon with Vulcanius’s edition. While I mention him, I am at the same time indignant that no one is setting his mind to a new edition of Arrian de rebus Alexandri , whom you know he once published in a more elegant form. For I believe scarcely any book is rarer to find. It could be obtained from the printers, so that they might once again put to press one or another Greek author. It has long been rumored that this is being done with Polybius, and it is hoped that it will appear at the next Frankfurt fair. Nor, as I see, does paper suffice, and time too is scarce. Farewell, my dearest Gudi, and if it can be done, bring over to us one or two of the more learned Belgians; above all, however, the great Gronovius, whose virtue and erudition I so revere and esteem that I do not more highly any other man. Written in haste in mid-October, in the year 17 69. EPISTLE VI. TO MARQUARD GUDIUS. Greetings. F. A. Bossus. Gotterpium. I had long since resolved to send you some letter, after I learned that you had returned to your native country with great renown for learning, and had been brought near the Ducal Court. But I lacked an opportunity, and I feared that forgetfulness of an old friend might have seized you. Now, since our Reinbothus has promised me his assistance in attending to this matter, I judged that it should no longer be delayed: especially since the most distinguished Mr. Tribbechovius has recently bid me greet you in your name. Above all, however, I congratulate you on the most eminent office you have obtained, and even more so—for here fortune has no part—on the distinguished and rare collection of learning and literary equipment brought back from your travels to your house. I from the bottom of my heart vene-
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veneratus, ut utroque diu fruite, & bono publico reique literariæ plurimum prodesse sinat. Ceterum & mihi fortasse poteris, si voles; idque duabus in rebus, quas breviter commemorabo; Paro editionem epistolarum Reinesii pi paxagit ; scio autem non paucas Eum ad te quoque misisse. Eas ut mecum communices, brevi remittendas, cum exsignatæ fuerint, oro. Fecere id Hel- mius, Gronovius, plures alii, & commendabo cujusque beneficium suo loco. Nosti & Iosephi me dudum novam editionem moliri; vix dubito, Te aliquos illius codices in peregrinatione inspexisse, forsan & contulisse; aut saltem emendationes in eum haud paucas habere. Rogo igitur, quicquid apud Te est, quod huic Scriptori ornando esse potest, mecum haud gravate communices. Com- memorabo & hoc grato animo publice. Imprimis desidero codicem integrum decem posteriorum : nam adhuc non nisi manco & recenti ad- modum, cum epitome Viennensi, usus sum. Nec meliorem vidit Bigotius. Habet tamen, ut ex Chronologia ejus video, H. Vossius ; cujus utinam tua opera, si non usum, saltem varietates scripturæ impetrare possem! Absque eo fuerit, vix erit ut in iis libris emendandis aliquid præstare queam, nisi juve- rit vetus codex Latinus, ante hos annos 131 Monasterio Fordensi in vicinia no- stra a Fundatore illius donatus, quem nuper indagatum brevi me accepturum spero. Sed nolo te nunc duitus morari. Plura alias, ubi non ingratas tibi nostras fore cognovero. Interea vale, Vir Amplissime atque eruditissime, & me quo solebas olim amore complectere. Ienæ . IX. April. An. MDCLXXIII. EPISTOLA VII. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Franciscus Maria Coffinus. Florentiam, Quod Nicolaus Heinsius, nobile nostri sæculi decus inter gravissimas le- gationis, ac studiorum curas mei aliquando meminerit; magnum est amoris indicium; majus tamen quod tuis modo valere verbis voluerit. Tam præclarum ejus affectionis præconem, nec meum exposebat obsequium, neque mea mere batur fortuna. Ex corde nihilominus gratulor in officiosissimo eo, licet nimis brevi congressu, quo prætervolans Pisas me convenit; quod & Nicolai amando, & tuas obsequendo absolute partes expleveris. Ac quod me inviseris illi, quod me amaveris tibi multum debere me sentio, nisi hoc quoque malim ejus officiis, quam tuæ benevolentæ tribui. Ingens eruditio, ac doctrina, qua literatorum allicis animos, nec minor ea humanitas, qua cunctorum corda obstrin- gis; aureis me devinxere catenis, cum in aureo vere Hippolyti libello de Anti- christo tuo studio nunc primum in lucem edito, aureum tuum ingenium, aureum munus exosculor. Optarem grates referre, verum cum eas nec tua expetat libera- litas, neque mea referre potuit tenuitas; earum vice mitto ad te inscriptiones, F 2 quas
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veneratus, so that he may long enjoy both, and allow him to be of great service to the public good and to literature. Moreover, perhaps you may be able to help me too, if you wish; and that in two matters, which I shall briefly mention. I am preparing an edition of the letters of Reinesius; and I know that he sent quite a number of them to you as well. I beg you to share them with me, so that they may be returned in due time, once copies have been made. Helmius did this, Gronovius, and many others, and I shall recommend each man’s kindness in its proper place. You know also that I have long been planning a new edition of Josephus; I scarcely doubt that you examined some of his manuscripts in your travels, perhaps even collated them, or at least that you have not a few emendations to him. I therefore ask you to share with me, without hesitation, whatever you have that may be useful for improving this writer. I shall mention this also publicly with gratitude. Above all I desire a complete manuscript of the last ten books; for hitherto I have used only an imperfect and very recent one, together with the Vienna epitome. Bigotius has seen no better one either. Yet he has one, as I see from his Chronology, H. Vossius; and would that, through your efforts, I might obtain, if not its use, at least the variants of the text! Without it, there will hardly be a way for me to accomplish anything in correcting those books, unless an old Latin manuscript helps me, one which, 131 years ago, was given to the Ford Monastery in our neighborhood by its Founder, and which, having been recently traced, I hope shortly to receive. But I do not wish to detain you any longer now. More another time, when I shall learn that our writings are not unwelcome to you. Meanwhile, farewell, most distinguished and most learned Sir, and embrace me with the affection with which you used formerly to do. Jena, 9 April 1673. LETTER VII. TO MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Franciscus Maria Coffinus. Florence, That Nicolaus Heinsius, the noble glory of our age, should at some point have remembered me amid the grave cares of his mission and studies, is a great token of affection; yet greater still that he has lately wished to speak well of you. Such an eminent herald of his regard neither my own service nor my fortune deserved. Nevertheless, I sincerely rejoice in that most courteous meeting, though all too brief, when, passing by, he met me at Pisa; since you have fully done your part, both in loving Nicolaus and in complying with your obligations. And as you visited me in him, and as you loved me in him, I feel that I owe much to you, unless I would rather attribute this also to his services than to your goodwill. Your vast learning and scholarship, with which you attract the minds of men of letters, and no less that humanity, by which you bind the hearts of all men, have chained me with golden chains, when in the golden spring of Hippolytus’s little book On Antichrist, now for the first time brought to light through your efforts, I kiss both your golden talent and your golden gift. I should wish to render thanks, but since neither does your generosity seek them, nor my slender means allow me to give them, I send you in their place inscriptions, which...
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44 DOCTORUM VIRORUM quas cupiebas, mutilas quidem, & obscuratas, at qua potui majori diligentia pluribus in locis a me expletas. Meum est, quod purpureis caracteribus est inscriptum; Tu temeritatem excusa, & boni consule hunc qualemcumque laborem. Fac ut Dominus Schas meo nomine valeat; & me, ut Heinsium facis, ama. Datum Pisis Kal. Februar. anno CD ICL LXII. EPISTOLA VIII. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. E. Spanhemius. Romam, Ita obsessas hic nobis narrant grassatoribus vias, ut vix elabendi spem relinquant. Eo saltem adigunt, ut omisso hac vice Eminentissimi Barbarini consilio, de repetenda Velitrensi & Tarracinensi via nobis sit cogitandum. Hanc inde opportunitatem spero, ut Cassinensis Monasterii in reditu uberiori & securiori conspectu me beatum iri confidam. Alias aut imminentis festi Neapolitani spectaculo, aut litterariis loci illius celeberrimi deliciis fuisset nobis carendum. Interim consilium cepi in arena, si forte vacuos nos dimitterent parum officiosi homines, qui has vias infestant. Ut nempe Mercatoris vestri opera refundi mihi possent Neapoli viginti circiter pistolæ, quas vocant, si præposterum aliquid fatum iniquam hanc mihi injiceret necessitatem. Eas primo tempore & bona fide aut vobis præsentabo, aut si per repentinam absentiam non licet, jussu vestro, aut Mercatori vestro Romæ, data syngrapha, me persoluturum spondeo. Videtis quæ mea sit de vobis & affectu in me vestro fiducia, qui ejusmodi beneficii, si usus se ejusdem offerat, efflagitator accedo. Si vobis nomen non malum videbor, datis die Sabbathi proxima veredario Neapolitano litteris, aut mandatis mihi inscriptis constare mihi poterit officii vestri ratio. Interim vide & statue, Gudi Clarissime, qua ratione rebus tuis iter meum aut Neapolitanum, aut etiam Siculum vel Melitense posset consulere, si ad hæc postrema securus mihi pateat aditus. Nihil in me desiderabis curæ & officii, quem primo doctrina tua & ingenio, dein luculentis obviæ & paratæ comitatis argumentis demeruisti. Dabam uis παχια Præneste XIII Sept. CD ICLXII. EPISTOLA IX. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. E. Spanhemius. Romam, Quam conceperam de optima tui erga me voluntate fiduciam, abunde præstarunt litteræ tuæ, quas hac demum die accepi. Gaudeo tamen ita felicibus auspiciis institutum hactenus iter, ut votis & exspectationi tuæ respon- derit
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44 OF THE DOCTORS OF MEN which you desired, indeed mutilated and obscured, but as far as I could, with greater diligence completed by me in many places. What is mine is what is inscribed in purple characters; excuse the rashness, and accept kindly this whatever sort of labor. See that Lord Schas is well in my name; and do you love me, as you do Heinsius. Given at Pisa, on the Kalends of February, in the year 1662. EPISTLE VIII. TO MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. E. Spanhemius. To Rome, So blockaded, they tell us here, are the roads by bandits, that they scarcely leave hope of getting through. At least they compel us, setting aside for this time the counsel of the Most Eminent Barbarini, to think about taking again the Via Velitrensis and Tarracinensis. From this I hope for an opportunity, so that on the return journey from the Cassinese Monastery I may trust that I shall be made happy with a fuller and safer prospect. Otherwise we should have had to miss either the sight of the approaching Neapolitan festival, or the literary delights of that famous place. Meanwhile I have formed a plan on the sand, if by chance those rather uncivil men, who infest these roads, should send us away empty. Namely, through your merchant's assistance, about twenty pistoles, as they are called, might be remitted to me at Naples, should some perverse fate impose this harsh necessity upon me. At the first opportunity, and in good faith, I shall either present them to you, or, if by reason of my sudden absence it is not possible, by your order, or to your merchant at Rome, I pledge myself, on giving a written acknowledgment, to pay them. You see what confidence I place in you and in your affection toward me, since I come forward as a petitioner for such a favor, if occasion for the same should arise. If I shall not seem to you to be ill-named, by letters or instructions addressed to me, sent next Saturday by the Neapolitan courier, I shall be able to have confirmation of your kindness. Meanwhile consider and decide, most distinguished Gudius, in what way my journey, either to Naples or even to Sicily or Malta, might serve your affairs, if only safe access to those latter places be open to me. You will lack in me neither care nor service, since you first won me over by your learning and talent, and then by the splendid proofs of your ready and spontaneous courtesy. I gave this at a villa near Palestrina, on 13 September 1662. EPISTLE IX. TO MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. E. Spanhemius. To Rome, The confidence I had conceived in your excellent goodwill toward me has been more than fulfilled by your letters, which I received only today. Yet I rejoice that the journey thus far undertaken under such happy auspices has answered your prayers and expectation
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 45 derit eventus. Ita carere possum præcipiti, quod a Te exegeram, beneficio, & frui interim explorato obvix tuæ comitatis sensu. Condonabis nimis confi- dentem forte, quam creare tibi volueram, molestiam, quam de tuo in me ani- mosecurus, ex nimia tantum cautela, impegeram. Ne tu vero nimium aut amicitiæ leges, aut humanorum casuum incerta edoctus, quam ut me exinde & perficere frontis hominem metiaris. De Siculo aut Melitensi iti- nere nondum spem abjeci, & aliquos itineris comites mihi adjungi solum opta- rem, quales aliquot esse ex nova advenarum turba intelligo. Prolixam hic Procerum aliquot, & inter alios Ducis cujusdam della Torra litterati, ac li- bris optimis instructi comitatem experior. Nihil dicam de loci illecebris, & Puteolensium ac Bajanarum gratissimis & admirandis antiquitatum vestigiis. Die crastina in Pausilypo a Nuncio Apostolico, viro optimo & humanissimo, so- lenni convivio sum excipiendus. Sed hæc quid ad Te; quasi aut non alias & melio- res dapes præferres, aut Tibi magna rerum mearum cura deberet incumbere Vale cum ornatissimo tuo contubernali, & me, si tanti videor, vestri amantissi- mum redamato. Dabam raptim Neapoli xxv Septemb. CIC I3 CLXII. Flo- rentiæ totam amicorum turbam salutare meo nomine non detrectabis. Iterum Vale, Gudi πολυμεῖσει. EPISTOLA X. MARQ. GUDIO. S. D. Stephanus te Moyne. A Ngebar, Gudi doctissime, nec leviter angebar, ob diuturnum silen- tium tuum, verebarque ne casus aliquis inexspectatus iter tuum intertur- basset, Scatziisque tuus, qui non bene recuperatis viribus hinc discesserat, iterum cum morbo luctaretur, adversaque iterum frueretur valetudine. Tan- dem vero tandem te ad tuas oras appulisse, feliciterque reducem tibi gratulor, mihique gaudeo. Utinam suavi lætoque otio frui Tibi concedatur, quo pos- sis tuis studiis consulere, spoliisque tam opimis ditissima anathemata para- re, aræ temploque Musarum æternum appendenda. Ea quippe spes est, quam de te conceperunt, qui te norunt, norunt autem quamplurimi, te tuis temporibus reipublicæque literariæ maximo futurum ornamento, nec a quo- quam majora cultioraque, quam a te, nunc esse exspectanda; perge modo quo pede tam feliciter coepisti. Sic itur ad astra, jamque æternitatis candidatus, αλυθιῶς nomentumuum immortalitati consecrabis. Quem referent Muse, vivet dum robora tellus, Dum cælum stellas, dum vehet amnis aquas. Utinam Schatzius, Schatzius quidem Maxima cura tibi, maxima cura mihi, fovere te porro pergat, & in partem laboris venire velit! ex sumtibus, ani- moque F 3
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TO MARQUARD GUDIUS, LETTER 45 the outcome will decide. Thus I can do without the speedy favor which I had asked of you, and meanwhile enjoy the proved trustworthiness of your kindness. You will forgive, perhaps, the trouble too confidently I had intended to create for you, the trouble which, believing you safe in your feelings toward me, I had imposed only from excessive caution. But do not think that I am so much instructed by the laws of friendship, or by the uncertainties of human affairs, that you should therefore judge me to be merely a man of outward show. I have not yet abandoned hope of the Sicilian or Melitan journey, and I would only wish that some companions might be added to me for the trip, such as I understand there are a few among the new crowd of arrivals. Here I experience the prolonged company of some nobles, and among others that of a certain Duke della Torra, learned and furnished with excellent books. I shall say nothing of the charms of the place, and of the most pleasing and admirable remains of antiquity at Puteoli and Baiae. Tomorrow I am to be received at Pausilypo at a solemn banquet by the Apostolic Nuncio, a most excellent and most courteous man. But what is that to you; as though you did not prefer other and better dishes, or as though the care of my affairs ought to lie heavily upon you. Farewell, together with your most polished roommate, and return my love, if I seem worth so much, as the most devoted of yours. I wrote in haste at Naples, 25 September, 1622. At Florence you will not refuse to greet the whole crowd of our friends in my name. Farewell again, Gudius πολυμεῖσει. EPISTLE X. TO MARQUARD GUDIUS. GREETING. Stephanus de Moyne. I was troubled, Gudius, most learned man, and troubled not a little, by your long silence, and I feared lest some unexpected mishap had interrupted your journey, and that your Schatzius, who had departed from here not fully restored to strength, was once again struggling with illness and enjoying poor health once more. But at last, at last, I congratulate you that you have reached your shores and returned safely home, and I rejoice for myself. Would that it may be granted to you to enjoy pleasant and cheerful leisure, so that you may tend to your studies and from spoils so rich prepare the richest offerings, to be hung forever in the altar and temple of the Muses. For this is the hope conceived of you by those who know you—and there are very many who know you—that in your time you will be a great ornament to the commonwealth of letters, and that no one may now expect greater or finer things than from you; only continue as you have so happily begun. Thus one goes to the stars, and already a candidate for eternity, αλυθιῶς you will consecrate your name to immortality. The Muses will proclaim whom, he will live as long as the earth bears trees, As long as the sky bears stars, as long as the river carries waters. Would that Schatzius, indeed Schatzius, My greatest care, your greatest care, may continue to cherish you, and be willing to share in the labor! from his expense, and from his heart F 3
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46 DOCTORUM VIRORUM moque ad juvandas bonas literas certe nato, non parvam nomini suo conciliaret gloriam; Illum vero vivere, valereque nosque in posterum, uti facit, diligere jubeo. In Gallia nihil novum. Bochartus adhuc uno ex Collegis orbatus, negotiis Ecclesiasticis adeo obruitur, ut recurrentes singulis septimanis concionandi vices, aliis illum studiis incumbere minime patiantur. Mena-gius semper de Dialectis, Medicisque serio cogitat. Nondum ad umbilicum perductus est Diogenes suus tanto promissus hiatu. Ode Huetianâ hujus fa- sciculi pondus augere non piget, talibus quippe deliciis te vehementer affici, satis scio. Vidisti forsan de Manna & Saccharo tractatum Salmasii. Nescio an sapiat erudito Vossii palato, super hac quippe materia non bene inter se conveniunt duo illa eruditionis portenta. Huic a me salutem plurimam dicas, iterum te atque iterum rogo, certioremque illum facias, se a nemine pluris fieri, quam a me, qui maximas suas virtutes, diffusamque eruditionem eo, quo par est, affectu colo semper ac suspicio. Gaudeo illum de omnibus inimicis triumphos tandem ducere, Et quod jam vacua regnet plaudendus arena. Et revera Gudi præstantissime. -- Quis huic viro Compararier ausit. Te beatum cui tam jucundi doctique usura conceditur; utinam & hujus copia mihi fieret, vel tuis leporibus, veneribus, deliciis, ut olim, & nunc affici fata non negassent! O niveam, quæ te mihi posset reddere lucem! O mihi felicem terque quaterque diem! In dies animadvertio, quantis præsentia tua me cumularet commodis, teque hinc non discessisse, quæ maxima hic est eruditorum penuria, nisi maximo rei meæ literariæ dispendio, studiorumque meorum lugenda mihi certa jactura. Non omne tamen animi solatum evanescit, modo nostri memor vivas, bene- volentiaque tua prosequi semper non dedigneris tuum Stephanum Monachium. Postridie Id. Novemb. An. CIC IXC LXIII. EPISTOLA XI. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Iohannes Georgius Graevius. Hagam Comitum, Vide quanta in vobis sit suavitas. Memoria tot jucunditatum, quibus nos implestis, tantopere etiam nunc afficior, ut illæ ipsæ literulæ nostræ, in quibus soleo alias libenter acquiescere, desiderio vestri languescant. Ita enim nos accepistis, ut horum dierum, quos vobiscum summa cum voluptate exegimus, oblivionem nullum unquam tempus sit allaturum. Paria vobiscum facere, non sinunt rerum mearum angustiæ. Sed qui vobis forsan satisfacere videor,
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46 OF LEARNED MEN and, being certainly born to aid good letters, he would win no small glory for his name; I command that he live on, prosper, and be loved by us in future, as he does now. In France there is nothing new. Bochart, still deprived of one of his colleagues, is so overwhelmed by ecclesiastical affairs that the weekly turn of preaching, recurring every week, does not allow him to devote himself to other studies. Menagius is always seriously thinking about dialects and physicians. His Diogenes, promised with so great an outcry, has not yet been brought to completion. I do not mind adding the weight of this fascicle with a Huetian ode; for I know well enough that you are most keenly affected by such delights. Perhaps you have seen Salmasius’s treatise On Manna and Sugar. I do not know whether it pleases the learned palate of Vossius; indeed, on this subject those two monsters of learning do not agree very well with each other. To him give my very warmest greetings, I again and again beg you, and make him aware that he is esteemed by no one more highly than by me, who always cherish and admire his greatest virtues and wide-ranging learning with the affection they deserve. I rejoice that he is at last winning triumphs over all his enemies, And that now, to his praise, he reigns in the empty arena. And indeed, most excellent Gudius— Who would dare compare himself with this man? Happy are you, to whom such pleasant and learned company is granted; would that I too might enjoy it, or that fate had not denied me the privilege, as once, and now, of being touched by your charms, your graces, your delights! O snowy one, who could restore you to me in this light! O three and four times happy day for me! Day by day I observe with what benefits your presence would enrich me, and that you have not departed from here—where there is such a great lack of scholars—unless to my very great loss in literary matters and to the lamentable and certain deprivation of my studies. Yet not all consolation of the spirit vanishes, so long as you live mindful of us, and do not disdain always to follow your Stephanus Monachius with your goodwill. The day after the Ides of November, in the year 1693. EPISTLE XI. TO MARQUIS GUDIUS. Greeting. Johannes Georgius Graevius. The Hague. See how great your charm is. The memory of so many delights with which you filled us still affects me so strongly that even these little letters of mine, in which I am otherwise accustomed to find comfort, grow faint with longing for you. So you received us that no time will ever bring forgetfulness of these days, which we passed with you in the greatest pleasure. To do likewise for you, the narrowness of my circumstances does not permit. But that I may perhaps seem to satisfy you,
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 47 videor, mihi ipse non ante satisfaciam, quam hunc animum officiis probavero. Cujus rei facultatem Deos quæso ut nobis faciant. Vos bene ire, & brevi redire salvos & incolumes optamus. Si quid interea, dum abestis, gratum vobis jucundumque potero efficere, summa contentione operam dabo, ne meam fidem, singulareque & eximium studium in omni officiorum genere desideretis. Nihil enim antiquius habeo, quam vobis testatum facere, me amicitiam, quam pridem instituimus, sanctissime colere & tueri. Utinam vos ante discessum vestrum hic liceat complecti! Amstelodamum dicitur indies a pestilente lue infestius vexari. Vos etiam atque etiam videte, ne ista Musis mihique carissima capita præsentissimo discrimini objiciatis. Kriwizius proxima hebdomada viæ se dabit. Tuis literis si aditum ei ad Bochartum aperueris, optimum & tui studiosissimum adolescentem summopere tibi obstringes. In itinere Germanico si incideris in Palearii Orationes, & Scholastem Homeri, quem edidit Hornejus, fac quæso mihi istos libros compares. Pretium ubi cognovero illico renumerabo. Prioribus beneficiis magnus accedet cumulus, si me hujus voti reddideris compotem. Expecto quo literas ad te curari velis. Vale, & splendidissimum ac humanissimum Virorum Scissium amantissimis verbis meo meæque Uxoris nomine saluta. Trajecti ad Rhenuma. d. IV. Iun. An. CIC IX LXIV. EPISTOLA XIL MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Iohannes Georgius Graevius. Hagam Comitum, QUas Tressio commisi recte spero tibi esse traditas. Qui has feret est noster Stolzenbergius, quem nuper Amsterodami vidisti. Is reditum adornat in patriam. Sed religioni duxit te insalutato hinc discedere. Magni enim te facit, nihilque habet antiquius tua amicitia, quam dudum omnibus modis sibi expetendam existimavit. Vir est insignis, antiquæ virtutis & fidei, dignusque qui ab omnibus bonis ametur. Suetonius nolter testudineo gradu procedit. In Tiberio cap. 52. de Pisone narrat: putant quidam mandata prolaturum, nisi ea secreta obstarent. Per quæ multifariam increpitum, & per noctes creberrime acclamatum est, &c. Locum esse corruptum facile per te vides. Nihil enim de secretis antea dictum est. In manuscripto Salmasiano est. Nisi ea secreto ostentant, quæ multifariam inscriptum. Secreto & inscriptum habent etiam alii libri. Et de tu[m] inscriptum nullus dubito quin recipiendum sit. Sed ex aliis quid fingas? Succurrunt mihi quidem conjecturæ; sed quæ mihi nullo modo satisfaciunt. Tuum igitur imploro ingenium, cujus sollertiam dudum habeo exploratam. Vidistine vitam Alexandri III a Francisco Loredano scriptam? Fertur is ex actis suæ patriæ accurate prosecutus esse fastum illius Pontificis in conculcando collo Friderici Ahenobarbi. Quam ego fabulam dudum credidi ex-
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 47 I seem to myself not to be able to be satisfied before I have proved this disposition by services. I pray the Gods that they may grant us the opportunity for this. We wish you a good journey, and a speedy return safe and sound. If meanwhile, while you are away, I can make anything agreeable and pleasant for you, I shall devote my utmost effort, lest you miss my loyalty and my singular and exceptional zeal in every kind of service. For I hold nothing dearer than to make it known to you that I most sacredly cherish and preserve the friendship which we long ago formed. Would that I might embrace you here before your departure! Amsterdam is said every day to be more grievously afflicted by the pestilential plague. Look to it again and again, that you do not expose those heads, most dear to the Muses and to me, to so imminent a danger. Kriwizius will set out next week. If by your letters you open for him access to Bochartus, you will greatly bind to you an excellent young man, most devoted to you. If on your German journey you should come upon Palearius’s Orations and the Scholar of Homer, which Hornejus has published, please get those books for me. As soon as I know the price, I shall at once repay it. A great addition to your former favors will be made if you make me the possessor of this wish of mine. I await word as to where you wish letters to be directed to you. Farewell, and greet the most distinguished and most courteous man Scissius with most affectionate words in my name and in my wife’s. At Utrecht, June 4, 164? (An. CIC IX LXIV). EPISTOLA XII. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Iohannes Georgius Graevius. The Hague, I trust that the things entrusted by me to Tressius have been handed over to you properly. The bearer of this is our Stolzenbergius, whom you recently saw at Amsterdam. He is making preparations to return to his homeland. But he thought it a point of religion not to leave here without first greeting you. For he values you greatly and has nothing more important than your friendship, which he has long regarded as something to be desired for himself in every way. He is an exceptional man, of ancient virtue and fidelity, and worthy to be loved by all good men. Our Suetonius advances at a tortoise’s pace. In Tiberius, chapter 52, he says of Piso: some think that he was about to produce the orders, unless those secret matters had stood in the way. Through which he was rebuked in many ways, and was loudly shouted at throughout the nights, and so on. You can easily see that the passage is corrupt. For nothing has previously been said about secret matters. In the Salmasian manuscript it reads: Unless those matters are shown secretly, which is inscribed in many places. “Secretly” and “inscribed” are also found in other books. And I have no doubt that “t[um] inscribed” must be accepted. But what are we to conjecture from the others? Conjectures do indeed occur to me; but they in no way satisfy me. So I appeal to your ingenuity, whose skill I have long since tested. Have you seen the life of Alexander III written by Francesco Loredano? It is said that he, from the records of his own homeland, carefully pursued the arrogance of that Pontiff in treading underfoot the neck of Frederick Barbarossa. This tale I once long believed ex-
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48 DOCTORUM VIRORUM. explosam esse. Sed hujus viri auctoritate dicitur reviruisse. Si vidisti, fac, quæso, ex te cognoscam, quibusnam testibus huic narrationi fidem faciat, & num sint fide digni, tuque de iis quid existimes. Vale, & me ama. Trajecti ad Rhenum a[nn]o d[ie] III. Non. Maj. C15 ICX LXVIII Nobilissimo Schatzio & Heinsio salutem dico, quos propediem tecum hic me visurum spero. EPISTOLA XIII. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Iohannes Georgius Graevius. Amstelodamum. D Oleo hercle vehementer per tricas nescio quas, occupationesque ac salutationes amicorum tum maxime intempeltivas me non potuisse, cum ante hos paucos dies nobis adesses, frui suavitatibus tui ingenii & consuetudinis, ut cupiebam. Si quicquam mihi potuit acerbius accidere, peream. Unum congressum tuum & dulces de litteris nostris fabulas pluris facio, quam omnes nostrorum hominum sermones, conventus, & delicias. Si me amas, & tuo commodo facere poteris, da mihi quæso hanc veniam, & ad nos revise, ut, quam tum feci jacturam, resarcire queam ante tuam in Germaniam profectionem. Excurrerem ego ad vos, si per scholas domesticas, quarum finis instat, domo possem cum maxime abesse. Mirum me tenet desiderium cognoscendi, num negotium Amsterodamense succedat ex sententia & voto utriusque nostrum. Spero sane, & nescio quo læto præsagio mea mens exultet. Si hunc diem videro, quæ te huic, ut ita dicam, affiget glebæ, magnæ dudumque desideratæ felicitatis me compotem esse factum existimabo. Manu scriptos codices Epistolarum Ciceronis ad familiares, & Atticum, aut excerpta priscorum librorum, quos cum editis contulisti, utinam mihi ante discessum tuum præstare posses. Iis enim interea manus admovebo; nec tamen Homerum deponam, sed & huic navabo operam quantum potero. Si quid in Germania inveneris, quod huic instituto meo serviat, magnam inibis a me gratiam, certissimumque cognosces laudum & meritorum tuorum præconem, si ejus mihi copiam feceris. Vale lux & desiderium meum, & fac brevi te videam. Præstantissimo Sciascio salutem dico plurimam verbis amanantissimis. De quo quoties cogito, cogito autem quotidie, non erubesco, sed exhorresco; sed spero etiam hac sollicitudine, & molestia me brevi benignum Numen levaturum. Vale iterum iterumque. Trajecti ad Rhenum præcipiti calamo a[nn]o d[ie] VII Decemb. C15 ICX LXVIII. EPISTO-
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48 OF MEN OF LEARNING. has been suppressed. But it is said to have revived by the authority of this man. If you have seen it, please let me know from you by what witnesses he gives credibility to this account, and whether they are worthy of belief, and what you think of them. Farewell, and love me. At Utrecht on the Rhine, in the year 1668, on the third day before the Nones of May. I send greetings to the most noble Schatz and Heinsius, whom I hope shortly to see here with you. LETTER XIII. TO MARQ. GUDIUS. GREETINGS. Johannes Georgius Graevius. Amsterdam. By God, I was unable, because of I know not what delays, occupations, and the greetings of friends, which were then especially untimely, to enjoy the delights of your talent and companionship, as I wished, when you had been with us a few days ago. If anything could have happened to me more bitterly, may I perish. I value one meeting with you and the sweet conversations about our studies more highly than all the conversations, gatherings, and pleasures of our people. If you love me, and if it can be done conveniently for you, I beg you, grant me this favor, and visit us again, so that I may repair the loss I then suffered before your departure to Germany. I myself would run over to you, if I could be away from home all the more, with the household studies whose end is at hand. A wonderful longing possesses me to know whether the Amsterdam business is succeeding according to the wish and desire of both of us. I certainly hope so, and I know not by what happy omen my mind exults. If I should see this day, I shall think that I have become a partner in that, so to speak, which binds you to this soil, great and long-desired happiness. The handwritten copies of Cicero's Letters to his Friends and to Atticus, or excerpts from ancient books, which you compared with the printed editions, I wish you could provide me before your departure. For I shall meanwhile apply my hand to them; nor, however, shall I lay Homer aside, but I shall also devote myself to him as much as I can. If you find anything in Germany that may serve this plan of mine, you will earn a great gratitude from me, and you will know most certainly that you are the herald of your praises and merits, if you make it available to me. Farewell, my light and my longing, and see that I may see you shortly. I send very many greetings to the most distinguished Sciasius in the most affectionate words. Whenever I think of him, and I think of him daily, I am not ashamed, but I shudder; but I also hope that by this anxiety and trouble I shall shortly be eased by the gracious Deity. Farewell again and again. At Utrecht on the Rhine, in haste with the pen, in the year 1668, on the 7th of December. LETTER-
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 49 EPISTOLA XIV. MARQ. GUDIO. S. D. Ioannes Georgius Graevius. Quam inib[us] rationem expiandi culpam, quam longissimo hoc silentio tantam contraxi, ut illa me nec Dii nec homines exsolvere, nec gravissimi hujus criminis veniam impetrare posse videantur. Nec causæ nec consilii, quicquam reperio, quod te mihi mitiget, ac placabilem reddat. Justissimas habes indignandi caussas. Nec tu tamen tantopere mihi potes irasci, quantum mihi ipse irascor, quantumque mihi ipse invisus exeor hanc procrastinationem, per quam tanto intervallo nihil ego ad te, cum nullum tempus minus debuerit mutum esse a meis litteris, qui tam prolixe, tam amanter a te sum acceptus, cum ante biennium vos inviserem, ac postea non unis epistolis plenis amoris ac benevolentiæ sum a te compellatus. Nunquam videor gravius scribendi munus sustinuisse, quam in hac epistola ad te exaranda. Angor hercle & crucior miserum in modum, nec quid dicam habeo, nisi Deos mihi fuisse iratos, cum passus sum me toties totiesque ab hoc scribendi officio avocari. Poenas quidem jamdudum mihi ipse dedi satis acerbas, cum me defraudavi fructu suavissimi tui alloquii litterarii, quod ego rebus omnibus antepono: sed hoc supplicii genere tibi satisfacere nequeo. Quocunque me verbo nusquam mihi quicquam præsidii video, nisi in tua tot luculentis argumentis, & mihi aliisque spectata bonitate & benignitate. Hæc unica, ad quam confugio, ara mihi est relicta. Non soli patri, sed & amico pro peccato magno paullum supplicii satis est. Unam hanc noxiam, ut Comici verbis utar, omitte; si aliam admisero unquam, occidito. Occides autem, si amicitiam mihi renuntiaveris. Caussam vero non dicam, quin eam renunties, si scribendo te in posterum non explero, testatumque tibi fecero rem, quamvis minimam, tuam mihi magis cordi esse, quam meas res omnes. Quem diem ne unquam videam Di avertant. Nihil enim mihi accidere posset acerbius. Forte ad leniendum te & placandum nonnihil faciet præfatio mea, & notæ in Florum, quem Elzevirio ad te curandum nunc commisi, cum ex iis cognoris, me, licet in litteris dandis fuerim summus cessator, non tamen in amando cessasse ac frigidum fuisse. In Floro recognoscendo si tantum temporis abs re tua poteris ponere, ut tuis miniaturis ceris mea notare dignatus fueris, plane te mecum in gratiam rediisse putabo. Tullianarum epistolarum a me recensitarum volumen cum tibi non improbatur, ut scribis, satis magnum pretium operæ illis impensæ fero. Videbis post paucos menses epistolas ad Articum, quæ nunc exercent operas Amsterodamenses strenue. Accipis jam specimen variarum lectionum in tuo Hippolyto, quas mecum communicavit Ewaldus Rulæus Harlemensis, doctus juvenis. Eas ex Italia secum tulerat frater ejus Philippus Rulæus, vir pereruditus, qui Paetsio hujus G
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TO MARQUARD GUDIUS. EPISTLE 49 EPISTLE XIV. M[arq.] Gudius. S. D. Ioannes Georgius Graevius. What course shall I take for expiating the fault, which by this very long silence I have incurred so greatly, that neither gods nor men seem able to free me from it, nor to obtain pardon for this most grievous offense? I find nothing either in the cause or in the plan that could soften you toward me and make you favorable. You have the most just reasons for anger. And yet you cannot be as angry with me as I am with myself, nor can I hate myself as much as I detest this procrastination, through which, over so great an interval, I have sent you nothing at all, though no time ought to have been more mute than this one with respect to my letters— I, who was so generously, so affectionately received by you when I visited you two years ago, and who afterward was addressed by you in more than one letter full of love and goodwill. I do not think I have ever borne a heavier burden than the writing of this letter to you. I am indeed in anguish and tormented miserably, and I have nothing to say except that the gods were angry with me when I allowed myself to be so often and so repeatedly drawn away from this duty of writing. I have long since exacted from myself punishment sufficiently severe, when I deprived myself of the delight of your sweetest literary conversation, which I place above all things; but by this kind of penalty I cannot make amends to you. Whatever words I turn to, I see nowhere any help for myself except in your goodness and kindness, made clear by so many bright proofs and known to me and others. This alone remains to me as the altar to which I flee. Not only for a son, but also for a friend, a little punishment is enough for a great offense. Overlook this one fault, to use the comic phrase; if ever I commit another, kill me. And you will kill me if you renounce our friendship. But I shall not say that you should renounce it, unless I in future make up to you in writing, and show you plainly that even the smallest thing that concerns you lies nearer to my heart than all my own affairs. May the gods avert the day when I should ever see that! For nothing could happen to me more bitterly. Perhaps my preface and the notes on Florus, whom I have now entrusted to Elzevir for your care, will do something to calm and appease you, when from them you learn that, although I have been most negligent in writing letters, I have not, however, ceased to love or been cold. If, in revising Florus, you can devote so much time away from your own matters as to condescend to mark mine with your little red pencil, I shall consider that you are plainly restored to my good graces. Since the volume of the Ciceronian letters that I have recently revised is not displeasing to you, as you write, I take that as enough reward for the labor bestowed on them. You will see after a few months the letters to Atticus, which are now industriously occupying the Amsterdam press. You now receive a specimen of the various readings in your Hippolytus, which Ewald Rulaeus of Haarlem, a learned young man, communicated to me. His brother Philip Rulaeus, a very learned man, had brought them with him from Italy, who to Paetsius of this G
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50 DOCTORUM VIRORUM hujus Reipublicæ legato in Hispaniam fuerat a sacris, & postea perlustrarat Italiam, & non pauca patrum avendo scripta ex Vaticana & Florentina bibliotheca descripserat. Sed is jam fatis functus est. Frater tamen ejus promittit se miscellaneorum fasciculum collecturum & emissurum in lucem. Hæ variæ lectiones non erant Rulæi manu exaratæ, sed alicujus Græci, ut puto, hominis. Mitto tantum gustum. Nam fragmentum illud, ubi a tua coepit editione discrepare, prolixius est, & plurium paginarum. Nolui autem nunc plura excerpere, quia non erat ad manum illa supposititii Hippolyti editio. Verebar enim ne forte hæc in illa reperirentur. Si tamen aliter se rem habere, & cetera te desiderare intellexero, faxone & iis diutius careas. Habes hic etiam duas inscriptiones, quas Smetius Noviomagensis mecum communicavit, quasque in agro nostro suburbano Wiltenburgensi inventas olim esse narravit. Illas, quæ Neomagi in curia visuntur, credo te jamdudum in tua conjectisse adversaria. Sin minus, & cas videbis quamprimum. Latinam de Herode Attico nondum mihi Rulæus, ut pollicitus olim erat, misit, testatus se Fratris sedas excussisse frustra, & multum temporis in illa quærenda perdidisse, fide data, simul ac in manus inciderit, se nobis eam missurum. Nec est ut de fide & candore probi hominis dubitemus. Hisce diebus me hic salutavit Norimbergensis doctoris Arnoldi filius, qui narrabat erutum fuisse nuperius Augustæ Vindelicorum sepulchralem titulum, in quo commemoretur Mercurius Censualis, qui valde ingenia Germaniæ superioris exercuerit. Recepit se curaturum ut istam inscriptionem brevi habeam. Reinesiana oùrtaezis jam fervet sub proelis Lipsiensibus. Gruterianum corpus, cujus usuram nobis indulsit Seckendorffius, fac quæso ut quamprimum referatur Lipsiam ad fratrem meum. Nam plurimis litteris jam id a me flagitarunt, fidem meam accusantes. Sponius Lugduni in Galliis, cujus itinerarium pulcherrimum credo te vidisse dudum, magnum quoque inscriptionum volumen proelis commisit, ut nuper ex Huetii litteris intellexi. Tuarum desiderio quam diu torquebimur? Vide ne multas tibi præripiat Sponius. Si corpus ipsum nondum emittere decesti, vel gustum illum, quem ante biennium promittebas, ac Phædrum tuum ubi ad nos miseris, ut nitidis Amsterodamensium typis mandentur, illico in nos recipimus. Ammianus Henrici Vallesii, plurimis accessionibus auctus Parisiensibus typis describitur, edente fratre Hadriano Vallesio, qui mihi significavit se cum vetustis codicibus Colbertianæ bibliothecæ hunc scriptorem commisisse, & suas quoque fraternis animadversionibus interserere. Lindenbrogii notas, quæ in bibliotheca Hamburgensi auctiores habentur, ceteris subnectere promisit, si tempore ad se curentur. Compellatus fuit hoc nomine Langermannus. Tam pulchram occasionem editioni tam luculentæ civis sui notas inerendi non amittent, credo, Hamburgenses. Editionem Lutetianam grandiorem minore, ut loquuntur, forma hic recudet Amsterodami Elzevirius. Is publicabit etiam Henrici Vallesii notas in Harpocrationem. In nostris manibus jam est editio Maussaci, (quæ Leidæ cum Latina versione Blauchardi vulgatur) cujus marginibus plurimas [n]o[n] mæxærim animadver-
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50. Of learned men He had been sent as legate of this Commonwealth to Spain on sacred business, and afterward had traveled through Italy, and had copied many writings of the Fathers from the Vatican and Florentine libraries. But he has now passed away. His brother, however, promises that he will collect and publish a bundle of miscellanies. These various readings were not written out by Rulaeus himself, but by some Greek man, I think. I am sending only a taste. For that fragment, where it began to differ from your edition, is longer and extends over several pages. But I did not wish to excerpt more at present, because that spurious edition of Hippolytus was not at hand. I was afraid, indeed, that these things might perhaps be found in it. Yet if I learn that the matter is otherwise, and that you desire the rest, I shall see to it that you do not lack them any longer. Here you also have two inscriptions which Smetius of Nijmegen communicated to me, and which he said had once been found in our suburban district of Wiltenburg. Those that are seen at Nijmegen in the town hall, I believe you already long ago copied into your notes. If not, you shall see them as soon as possible. Rulaeus has not yet sent me the Latin inscription on Herodes Atticus, as he once promised, saying that he had searched through his brother’s shelves in vain, and had wasted much time looking for it; but he gave his word that as soon as it came into his hands he would send it to us. Nor need we doubt the good man’s good faith and honesty. These days the son of Doctor Arnold of Nuremberg visited me here, and he reported that a sepulchral inscription had recently been unearthed at Augsburg, in which Mercury Censualis is mentioned, who greatly exercised the minds of Upper Germany. He undertook to see that I should shortly have that inscription. The Reinesian collection is already hot off the Leipzig presses. The Gruterian corpus, the use of which Seckendorffius has granted us, please have sent back as soon as possible to Leipzig to my brother. For they have already demanded it from me in many letters, accusing me of bad faith. Sponius at Lyons in France, whose most excellent itinerary I believe you saw long ago, has also committed a large volume of inscriptions to the press, as I recently learned from Huetius’s letters. How long shall we be tormented by longing for your works? Take care that Sponius does not snatch away many of them from you. If you have not yet ceased from issuing the corpus itself, then we shall immediately take into our hands that sample at least which you were promising two years ago, and also your Phædrus, when you send it to us, so that they may be put into print in the neat Amsterdam type. Ammianus of Henricus Valesius, enlarged by many additions, is being printed at Paris, edited by the brother Adrianus Valesius, who informed me that he had collated this author with the old manuscripts of the Colbertine library, and that he would also insert his own notes among his brother’s critical remarks. He promised to add Lindenbrogius’s notes, which are found in fuller form in the Hamburg library, to the others, if they are sent to him in time. He was addressed by this name, Langermannus. The Hamburgers, I believe, will not let slip so fine an opportunity of placing their fellow-citizen’s notes in so brilliant an edition. The larger Paris edition, as they say, Elzevirius will reprint here at Amsterdam in a smaller format. He will also publish Henricus Valesius’s notes on Harpocration. In our hands there is already the edition of Maussacius, which is issued at Leyden together with Blauchard’s Latin translation, in whose margins very many [notes] have been
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 51 madversiones adlevit; ex descriptæ separatim edentur. Patris Simonis Historia Critica foederis antiqui ex tenebris, ad quas Lutetia damnata erat, brevi in his terris emerget in dias luminis auras, tam Gallice, quam Latine. Contra illam diatriben publicavit ante menses aliquot Ezechiel Spanhemius, qui nunc Lutetia oratorem agit Electoris Brandeburgici, cui soli nunc suam addixit ope- ram. Modo ad nos perlatus est Isaaci Vossii de Sibyllis libellus, in quo con- tendit quicquid genuinorum Sibyllinorum vaticiniorum extiterit unquam, aut etiam nunc extet, haustum esse ex vatum Hebræorum fontibus, & a Iudæis con- ditum. De LXX interpretibus sententiam suam acriter tuetur, eamque a Pa- tris Simonis aliorumque criminationibus vindicat. Iacobi Perizonii tres dia- tribæ, de constitutione divina super ducenda defuncti fratris uxore, de lege Voconia, de variis antiquorum numinis in manibus doctorum versantur. Sæpe refellit Reinesium. Nunc alias decem dissertationes paratas habet, & animad- versiones in Valerium Maximum. Molitur quoque grandem commentatorium de Romanorum nominibus, cujus aliquot specimina & in his, quæ jam edidit, & quæ prodibunt hac æstate, dedit. Vita Chrysostomi a Palladio memoria pro- dita cum aliquot homiliis diuidendis cura Bigotii tandem lucem adspexit. An- no superiori defuncti erant hoc opere librarii, sed quia Bigotius adjecerat epi- stolam Chrysostomi ad Cæsarium morachum æti dixæsius , quæ Romanen- sium adversatur sententiæ, quæque avorum nostrorum tempore Latine publica- ta fuerat a Petro Martyre, quem propterea tanquam impostorem, & suam pro Chrysostomi epistola supponentem exagitarunt diversa sentientes, tum eo piet jussu hæc editio fuit repressa, nec potuit publici juris fieri, nisi hac epistola recisa. Lutetia prodierunt Anastasii vitæ Pontificum cum notis Altaserræ. Pater Garnerius emisit diurnum Pontificium, in quo habentur formulæ, qui- bus Papæ olim utebantur, easque notis illustravit Mabillonus, qui varia Pa- trum opuscula hinc inde collecta protulit in lucem, dissertationem quoque adornavit, quæ, puto, jam lucem adspexit, de varia scribendi ratione ex antiquis diplomatibus secundum temporum seriem, in qua & de sigillis agit. Indices insignis illius bibliothecæ Thuanæ, quæ vendita est, credo te vidisse. Digni sane sunt qui videantur a te. Manu scriptos codices sibi vindicavit Colbertus, ut & plerosque editos. Sic ad alios dominos transiit tam pretiosa bibliotheca, quæ longe vilius fuit vendita, quam involucra voluminum fuerunt olim a Thua- no parata. Nicolaus Heinsius salutem tibi plurimam jubet perscribi. Anno præterito Virgilium suum tibi dono misit, quem te accepisse sperat. Jam ab aliquot mensibus debilitas pedum eum affixum lecto tenet. Animus tamen viget. Trelschius communis noster amicus nuperius prolixa epistola mihi te- statam fecit voluptatem, quam ex tuo congressu ceperit maximam. Nullus du- bitat quin Polyphemo afflicto brevi sit futurum, ut Faciem ad serenam subito mutetur dies. De Amsterodamensi negotio paucas ante hebdomades egi cum Elzevirio, cum me inviseret. Ait se dudum nullas a te litteras habere. Si tamen jusseris, urge- G 2 bimus
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To Marq. Gudium, letter 51 The objections have been removed; the work, taken separately from the manuscript, will be published. Father Simon’s Critical History of the Old Covenant , drawn out of the darkness into which Paris had condemned it, will soon emerge on these lands into the clear air of day, both in French and in Latin. Against that diatribe Ezechiel Spanheim published a few months ago, and he is now acting at Paris as envoy of the Elector of Brandenburg, to whose service alone he has now devoted his labors. We have just received Isaac Vossius’s little book On the Sibyls , in which he maintains that whatever genuine Sibylline prophecies have ever existed, or even now exist, have been drawn from the sources of the Hebrew prophets and composed by the Jews. He vigorously defends his view of the Seventy interpreters, and vindicates it against the attacks of Father Simon and others. Jacobus Perizonius’s three diatribes—on the divine ordinance concerning a deceased brother’s wife, on the Voconian law, and on various matters of antiquity—are in the hands of scholars. He often refutes Reinesius. He now has ten other dissertations ready, as well as notes on Valerius Maximus. He is also preparing a large commentary on the names of the Romans, of which he has given some specimens, both in those already published and in those that will appear this summer. The Life of Chrysostom, preserved in memory by Palladius, together with several homilies, has at last seen the light under the care of Bigot. Last year the booksellers had given up on this work, but because Bigot had added the letter of Chrysostom to the monk Caesarius, which is contrary to the opinion of the Romanists, and which in the time of our grandfathers had been published in Latin by Peter Martyr—whom, for that reason, those of different opinions attacked as an impostor and as one who had substituted his own work for Chrysostom’s letter—this edition was suppressed by order, and could not be made public unless that letter were cut out. At Paris there have appeared the Lives of the Popes by Anastasius, with notes by Altaserra. Father Garnerius has issued the Pontifical Diary , in which are contained the formulas used by the popes of old, and Mabillon has illustrated them with notes; he has also brought to light various small works of the Fathers collected from different places, and he has composed a dissertation, which I think has already seen the light, on the various forms of writing found in ancient charters according to the sequence of times, in which he also deals with seals. I believe you have seen the inventories of that famous Thuanian library, which has been sold. They are certainly worth your looking at. Colbert has claimed for himself the manuscript codices, as well as most of the printed books. Thus that precious library has passed to other owners, and it was sold for far less than even the bindings of the volumes had once cost Thuanus. Nicolaus Heinsius sends you his warmest greetings to be conveyed in writing. Last year he sent you his Virgil as a gift, which he hopes you have received. For some months now weakness in his feet has kept him confined to bed. Yet his mind is vigorous. Our mutual friend Trelschius recently made me aware in a lengthy letter of the great pleasure he derived from meeting you. No one doubts that, with Polyphemus afflicted, it will soon come to pass that “His face will suddenly change to a serene day.” As for the Amsterdam business, I discussed it briefly with Elzevir when he visited me. He says that he has long had no letters from you. If, however, you should so order, we shall urge— G 2 bimus
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52 DOCTORUM VIRORUM bimus negotium, ut tandem optatum exitum habeat. Hagensis res nunc friget, quia Goesius pater ab aliquot mensibus gravissima febre conflictatur. Cum novissime eum vidi, nullam se ad suas ultimas responsionem accepisse significavit. Velim itaque mihi significes quo loco nunc res sint. Num de ducentesima sit cum proceribus decisum. Quid fiat nominibus Pelsianis. Si e re tua duxeris, feriis Pentecostalibus ipse Hagam contendam ad Goesium, & tuam caussam ibi agam. Fac modo de tuo consilio, quid nunc fieri velis, mihi constet. Nisi rebus declararo, me tuis commodis summo studio & cura invigilare, non impedio, quin hominum sacerrimus apud te audiam. Vale dulce decus meum. Salveat lectissima uxor tua, & filiola jucundissima, Trajecti Batavorum, D. VII Maji c[æ]t[er] 13c xxc. Julian. 1. DIS AVIBVS LVSCINIAE PHILVMENAE EX AVIARIO DOMITIOR. SELECTAE. VERSICOLORI. PVLERRIMAE. CANTRICI. SVAVISS. OMNIBVS. GRATIIS. AD. DIGITVM. PIPILANTI. IN. POCVLO. MYRRHINO. CAPVT. ABLVENTI. INFELICITER. SVMMERSAE. HEV. MISELLA. AVICVLA. HINC. INDE. VOLITABAS. TOTA. GARRVLA. TOTA. FESTIVA. LATITAS. MODO. INTER. PVLLA. LEPTYNIS. LOCULAMENTA.. IMPLVMIS. FRIGIDVLA. DELICIAE. SVAE. QVAM. IN. SINV. PASTILLIS. ALEBAT. IN. PROPRIO. CVBICVLO. ALVMNAE. KARISS. LACRVMANS. DOS. HAVE. AVIS. IOCVNDISSIMA. QVAE. MIHI. VOLANS. OBVIA. BLANDA. PERSONANS. ROSTELLO. SALVE. TOTIES. CECINISTI. CAVE. AVIS. AVIA. AVERNA. VALE. ET. VOLA. PER. ELISIVM. IN. CAVEA. PICTA. SALTANS. QVAE. DVLCE. CANEBAT. MVTA. TENEBROSA. NVNC. IACET. IN. CAVEA. 2. SYLVANE SACRA SEMICLVSE FRAXINO ET HVIVS ALTI SVMME CVSTOS HORTVLI TIBI HASCE GRATES DEDICAMVS MUSICAS QVOD NOS PER ARVA PERQVE MONTES ALPICOS TVIQVE LVCI SVAVEOLENTIS HOSPITES DVM IVS GVBERNO REMQVE EVNGOR CAESARVM TVO FAVORE PROPERANI SOSPITAS. f. Prosperante. TV-ME MEOSQVE REDVCES ROMAM SISTITO DAQVE ITALA RVRA TE COLAMVS PRAESIDE EGO IAM DICABO MILLE MAGNAS ARBORES T. POM-
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52 MEN OF LEARNING We shall carry through the business, so that at last it may have the desired outcome. The affair at The Hague is now at a standstill, because Goesius the elder has been afflicted for several months with a most severe fever. When I last saw him, he indicated that he had received no reply to his final response. I should therefore like you to let me know in what position matters now stand. Whether anything has been settled with the leading men about the two-hundredth. What is being done about the Pelsian names. If you think it to your advantage, I myself will hasten to The Hague during the Pentecost holidays and plead your case there with Goesius. Only let me know from your own counsel what you now wish to be done. Unless I make it clear by my actions that I watch over your interests with the utmost zeal and care, I do not prevent the most sacred of men from being heard by you. Farewell, my sweet ornament. Greetings to your most choice wife and your most delightful little daughter, at Utrecht in Holland, the 7th day of May, 13c xxc Julian. 1. TO THE BIRDS TO THE NIGHTINGALE PHILOMELE FROM DOMITIUS’ AVIARY. SELECTED. MOTTLED. MOST BEAUTIFUL. SINGER. MOST SWEET. WITH ALL GRACES. TWEETING TO THE FINGER. WASHING HER HEAD. IN A MYRRH CUP. UNFORTUNATELY. DROWNED. ALAS. POOR LITTLE THING. LITTLE BIRD. YOU USED TO FLIT HERE AND THERE. ALL. CHATTY. ALL. FESTIVE. NOW ONLY. AMONG THE LITTLE CHICKS’ NARROW CUBICLES. FEATHERLESS. DELIGHTS. OF HER. COLDLY. WHOM. IN HER LAP. SHE FED WITH PILLS. IN HER OWN BEDCHAMBER. THE DEAR NURSLING. WEARING MOURNING. HAIL, MOST DELIGHTFUL BIRD, WHO FLYING. MET ME, WELCOMING, RESOUNDING GENTLY WITH YOUR LITTLE BEAK, HAIL. SO OFTEN YOU SANG: BEWARE, BIRD, OF AVARICE, HELLISH. FAREWELL, AND FLY THROUGH ELYSIUM. YOU WHO, DANCING IN THE PAINTED CAGE, USED TO SING SO SWEETLY, MUTE, DARK NOW LIES IN THE CAGE. 2. SACRED SILVANUS, HALF-HIDDEN ASH TREE AND HIGHEST GUARDIAN OF THIS LITTLE GARDEN OF YOURS, TO YOU WE DEDICATE THESE MUSICAL THANKS, BECAUSE THROUGH FIELDS AND ACROSS ALPINE MOUNTAINS AND TO YOUR SWEET-SMELLING GROVE YOU HAVE GIVEN US HOSPITALITY, WHILE I MANAGE THE LAW AND THE MATTER OF THE CAESARS, BY YOUR FAVOUR SPEEDING SAFELY ON. f. Prosperante. LEAD ME BACK TO ROME, ME AND MINE, AND LET US CULTIVATE ITALIAN COUNTRYSIDE UNDER YOUR PROTECTION. I SHALL NOW DEDICATE A THOUSAND GREAT TREES T. POM-
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 53 T. POMPONII VICTORIS PROC. AVGVSTO T. 3. LVCIVS LVCILIVS DEO PENINO OPTIMO MAXIMO DONVM DEDIT. 4. IOVI O. M. GENIO LOCI FORTVNAE REDVCI TERENTIVS VARRO DEDIC. Has tres inscriptiones in Pedemontano agro inventas mecum communicavit amicus ex Italia ante annos aliquot redux. EPISTOLA XV. MARQ. GUDIO. S. D. Iohannes Georgius Graevius. Hamburgum, Redditas tibi litteras esse, quas nuperius ad te dedi, ex communi amico nostro Trelschio intellexi. Nunc accinctus itineri ad illustrissimum Antistitem Monasteriensem, a quo sæpius amantissimis verbis sum invitatus, vix hæc tria verba expedio. Si tu meum punire silentium longiore silentio decresti, facis id tuo jure. Velum tamen tibi persuasissimum sit, me culpam istam detestari, & omne supplicium, quod de me sumes, patienter laturum, quia merito plector, modo tuus mihi constet amor. Ante tres hebdomades me invisit Pelsius Hagensis. Quærebat ex me ubi locorum degeres, & qui fiat, quod tanto tempore nullas a te, cui toties scripserit, litteras acceperit. Respondebam biennio me te cum Duce Hollatiæ vidisse Hamburgi, cetera me ignorare. Ad Trelschium se propediem non nihil exaraturum litterarum significabat. Duxit uxorem Consulis Hagensis, cujus nomen, nisi me fallit memoria, est van der Dussen. Si redux tuis potero servire studiis & commodis, cognosces rerum tuarum curam mihi omnium esse antiquissimam; utinam in animum possis inducere, ut ad nos in Paderbornensem aulam excurreres. Cras viæ me dabo. Heinsium cupidissimum me comitandi retinet debilitas pedum, & infirmitas valetudinis. XII Augusti Gregoriano spero me Paderbornæ futurum. Si te quoque complecti ibi me liceret, mirum in modum cumularetur voluptas, quam ex comitate magni G 3 Prin-
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TO MARCUS GUDIUS, EPISTLE 53 To T. Pomponius Victor, procurator, aug. T. 3. Lucius Lucilius to Deo Penino best greatest gave a gift. 4. To Jupiter O. M. to the genius of the place to Fortuna returning Terentius Varro dedicated it. These three inscriptions, found in the territory of Piedmont, were communicated to me by a friend returned from Italy some years ago. EPISTLE XV. MARCUS GUDIUS, GREETING. Johannes Georgius Graevius. Hamburg, I have learned from our mutual friend Trelsch that the letters have been delivered to you which I lately sent to you. Now, being equipped for a journey to the most illustrious Bishop of Münster, by whom I have been repeatedly invited in the kindest terms, I can scarcely get out these three words. If you have resolved to punish my silence with a longer silence, you do so by your right. Yet be most assured that I detest this fault, and that I shall patiently endure whatever punishment you exact from me, because I am rightly chastised, provided only that your love for me remains firm. Three weeks ago Pelsius of Hagens visited me. He was asking me where you were staying, and why it is that, after so long a time, he has received no letters from you, though he has so often written to you. I replied that two years ago I had seen you at Hamburg with the Duke of Holland, and that I knew nothing else. He said he would soon be writing some letters to Trelsch. He has married the daughter of the burgomaster of Hagens, whose name, unless my memory deceives me, is van der Dussen. If I am able, on your return, to be of service to your studies and your interests, you will learn that nothing is more important to me than the care of your affairs; I wish you could bring yourself to come to us at the court of Paderborn. Tomorrow I shall set out. H[e]insius, most eager to accompany me, is held back by weakness of the feet and frailty of health. On the 12th of August, by the Gregorian calendar, I hope to be at Paderborn. If I might there also embrace you, my pleasure would be wonderfully increased, which from the kindness of the great G 3 Prin-
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54 DOCTORUM VIRORUM Principis me capturum spero. Multa sunt quæ in sinum tuum fidei & bene- volentiæ plenum effundere gestio. Nunc in antecessum tibi signisico prodiisse Sponii, cujus egregium, credo, vidisti itinerarium, specimen selectarum inscriptionum, quod nondum vidi. Sed vidi hisce diebus Genevam ejus, in qua &c ipsa nonnullæ ineditæ habentur inscriptiones, sed plures in commentariolo, quem inscripsit aras ignotorum Deorum, qui modo ad nos pervenit, in quo narrat se ter mille inscriptiones collegisse, quas sit publicaturus. Vereor ne multas tibi præripiat. Velim tuarum editionem maturari. Fac ut de his otiosius possimus fabulari in eruditissimi Principis aula. Frater meus scribit sæpissime sibi a Seckendorffio aurem velli de Reinesiano volumine. Nullus dubito quin jam id a te Lipsiam remissum sit, ne utriusque nostrum officium accusetur. Vale decus nostrum & me ama. Uxori tuæ suavissimæ & lectissimæ salutem dico plurimam, ut & tuis liberis. Trajecti Postrid. Kal. Sextiles 131 13c xxc. EPISTOLA XVI. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Iohannes Georgius Grævius. Monasterium. Quas proximo Veneris die tuis reposui, spero Tibi redditas esse sequente Saturni. Montanum Amsterodami compellavi, & traditis Langmakeri litteris petii, ut mihi facultatem faceret inspiciendi dolia illa tria, eique declaravi, si tibi testatum esset dolia salva servari, te cis tres hebdomades missurum, qui pactam pecuniam numeraret, & sibi creditam suppellectilem murinam auferret. Regerebat se visis Langmakeri litteris dolia cum vasis sartis tectis traditurum, qui pecuniam esset allaturus, nec nummum ante accepturum, quam ei, cui partes has tua repetendi fuisses mandaturus, satisfecisset. Dolia vero se propterrationes certas mihi ostendere se nolle: nec mihi exploratum esse, licet dolia quædam viderem, essentne tua nec ne. Urgebam ut rationes, quibus deterreretur, mihi significaret. Nihil verius, nihil ad omnes sequiores suspiciones amoliendas præsentius, quam si tibi de doliis sartis tectis constaret. Sed nec preces, nec rationes, nec minæ quicquam proficiebant. Lavabam laterem. Nihil reponebat, quam sibi firmum esse, non ante se quicquam cuiquam ostensurum, quam illi, qui repræsentaturus esset nummos. Tum se rebus declaraturum se tua servasse diligentissime, & traditurum cui velles. Nec video alia ratione aquam exprimi ex hoc pumice posse, quam si mittas certum hominem cum pecunia, hac lege, ne nunnum ante pendat, quam ei fuerint omnia, quæ commissa fidei Montani sunt, salva tradita. Si tum tergiversabitur, jure agendum erit. Meum studium tuis commodis serviendi semper a me promtum tibi erit & paratum. Quæ tibi sententia stet velim quam- primum resciscam. Nam si diu cunctabimur, vereor ne nova calumniandi fe- nestra
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54 OF LEARNED MEN I hope I shall catch the Prince. There are many things which I am eager to pour into your bosom, full of fidelity and goodwill. Now, in advance, I inform you that Sponius has appeared, whose excellent, I believe, itinerary and specimen of selected inscriptions you have seen, though I have not yet seen it. But in these days I have seen his Geneva, in which, etc., there are some unpublished inscriptions, but more in the little commentary which he entitled The Altars of the Unknown Gods, which has just reached us, in which he relates that he has collected three thousand inscriptions, which he is about to publish. I fear he may snatch away many from you. I should like your edition to be brought to completion. Take care that we may be able to talk about these matters more at leisure in the court of the most learned Prince. My brother writes very often that Seckendorff is tugging at his ear about the Reinesian volume. I do not doubt that it has already been sent back by you to Leipzig, lest the duty of each of us be accused. Farewell, our glory, and love me. I give very hearty greetings to your sweetest and most choice wife, as well as to your children. At Utrecht, the day after the Kalends of Sextilis, 131 13c xxc. EPISTLE XVI. TO MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Iohannes Georgius Grævius. Monastery. I hope the things I put back for you last Friday were returned to you on the following Saturday. I spoke to Montanus at Amsterdam, and after handing over Langmaker’s letters I asked him to give me access to inspect those three barrels, and I declared to him that if it were certified to you that the barrels were being safely preserved, you would send within three weeks someone who would count out the agreed money and take away the mouse-colored furnishings entrusted to him. On seeing Langmaker’s letters, he said he would hand over the barrels with the vessels repaired and covered, to the man who was to bring the money, and that he would not take a coin before he had satisfied the person whom you would have appointed to recover those items on your behalf. But as for the barrels, he said he did not wish to show them to me for certain reasons; nor was it clear to me, though I saw some barrels, whether they were yours or not. I pressed him to tell me the reasons by which he was being deterred. Nothing is truer, nothing more immediate for removing all later suspicions, than if the condition of the barrels being repaired and covered were certain to you. But neither entreaties, nor arguments, nor threats accomplished anything. I was beating a dead horse. He replied nothing beyond saying only that it was firmly settled with him that he would show nothing to anyone before the one who was to pay the money. Then he said he would prove by the matter itself that he had preserved your things most carefully, and would hand them over to whomever you wished. Nor do I see that any other way of getting water from this pumice-stone can be found, except that you send a trustworthy man with the money, on the condition that he is not to pay a coin before everything entrusted to Montanus’ good faith has been handed over safely. If he then begins to evade, legal action will have to be taken. My zeal in serving your interests will always be ready and at hand for you. I should like to know as soon as possible what course you decide upon. For if we delay too long, I fear there may be a new opening for slander.
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 55 nestratriconi aperiatur. Quis Furstenbergio suffectus sit avidissime cognoscemus. Vale decus & præsidium meum. Trajecti Prid. Kal. Septemb. CIO. IXC XXCIII. EPISTOLA XVII. MARQ. GUDIO. S. D. Alb. Rusius. Hagam Comitum, EX Patria reversus, Amstelædami in Cl. Grævium nostrum incidi, qui Emihi, de Tuis & Spectatissimi Sciassii rebus & valetudine sciscitanti, exposuit non auditu duntaxat jucunda, quibusque perennitatem voveam, sed præterea etiam, Te mihi præstitisse, quod benigne receperas, officium in describendis variis Institutionum lectionibus, quas in Hollatia excerpseras. Enixe itaque rogo, ut eas, & illas Pandectarum, quas ex Florentino codice M. S. Te transcripsisse mihi narrasti, & mecum communicaturum sponondisti recuperatas, si nunc in promtu sint, quamprimum mihi mittere ne graveris. Si quid vicissim, Tibi aut Sciassio nostro gratum, a me proficisci poterit, id haud frustra Vos desideraturos credite Viri Amicissimi, & pugilice valete. Raptim Leidæ x. Cal. Octobr. CIO. IXC LXV. EPISTOLA XVIII. MARQ. GUDIO. S. D. Isaacus Gruterus. Hagam Com. EX Germania te rediisse, perlustratis sollicite, atque ut soles, feliciter, Quos illa celebriores habet, bibliothecis publice ac privatim, lætus accepi; simul & quam hactenus delegisses vitæ stationem, otio scilicet literariæ plenissime affluentem. Gratulor tibi secessum tranquillitate florentem, quam non interpellat ambitiosa seculi operose ineptientis importunitas, aut aliæ turbant heroicorum ingeniorum cruces: & auctos in ultima peregrinatiuncula (quid enim dubitem, qui fervidam curiositatis tuæ vim cognosco?) eruditæ supellectilis thelauros: quam ex Gallia Italiaque, nutritibus exquisitioris elegantiæ, comportasse diceris luculentam. Itaque qui nuper mea convertivota ad Samuelem Sciassium, juvenem multis nominibus nobilem, nunc recta te peto, professus religiosum doctrinæ cultorem, atque ex auditis admiratorem, quæ locum tibi assignat splendidum inter prima temporis nostri ornamenta. Hippolyti autem tui, & si quod de Clinicis te authore exstat, ut obscura fert fama, opusculi exemplar monstra, unde haberi meis queat impensis: cum vane Batava sollicitarim bibliopolia. Adde, si neque hic temeritatis reus teneor, quasi familiarius aut licentius agens quam pro ignoto, quid tua nos brevi sperare jubeat industria in donandis luce publica libris nobilium scriptorum, quos siuum
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TO MARQ. GUDIUS, LETTER 55 the Nestratriconian matter will be opened. We shall eagerly learn who has been appointed in Furstenberg’s place. Farewell, my glory and my support. At Utrecht, the day before the Kalends of September, 1693. LETTER XVII. TO MARQ. GUDIUS. GREETING. Alb. Rusius. The Hague, Having returned from my native place, I happened to meet at Amsterdam our friend Cl. Grævius, who, when I inquired about your affairs and those of the most distinguished Sciassius, and about his health, told me not only pleasing things heard from him, for whose lasting welfare I pray, but also that you had granted me, in the kindly accepted favor, the service of transcribing various readings from the Institutes, which you had selected in Holland. I therefore earnestly ask that, if those readings and those from the Pandects, which you told me you had copied from a Florentine manuscript and promised to share with me once recovered, are now at hand, you would not mind sending them to me as soon as possible. If I in turn can provide anything pleasing either to you or to our Sciassius, believe, most friendly men, that you will not ask for it in vain. Farewell, and keep well. In haste at Leiden, the tenth day before the Kalends of October, 1695. LETTER XVIII. TO MARQ. GUDIUS. GREETING. Isaacus Gruterus. The Hague, I gladly learned that you had returned from Germany, having carefully and, as always, successfully inspected publicly and privately those libraries which it has there more famous, and at the same time that you had chosen up to now the station of life, namely one most abundantly flowing with literary leisure. I congratulate you on a retreat flourishing with tranquillity, one not disturbed by the ambitious importunity of a century busied in foolish trifling, nor by other vexations that torment heroic minds; and also on the treasures of learned equipment increased on your latest little journey—for why should I doubt it, since I know the fervent force of your curiosity?—which, as is said, you have brought back in rich measure from France and Italy, the foster-mothers of a more refined elegance. Accordingly, since I recently directed my good wishes to Samuel Sciassius, a young man noble in many respects, I now address you directly, professing myself a reverent admirer of learning and, from what I have heard, one who admires you, which assigns you a splendid place among the foremost ornaments of our age. But show me a copy of your Hippolytus, and, if there is any little work on the Clinics written under your authorship, as obscure rumor says, from which one may obtain it at my expense, since I have vainly troubled the Dutch bookshops. Add also, if I am not here held guilty of rashness, as though acting more familiarly or too freely than is fitting toward one unknown, what your industry will shortly permit us to hope for in the giving of books to the public light by noble writers, whom if I had not seen...
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56 DOCTORUM VIRORUM. suum hactenus fatum damnasse videbatur ad bibliothecarum noctem, putida squalentem ignoratione. Vale, & nominis tui veneratione flagrantissima si mereor, responsi alicujus me compotem redde, nihil beneficii apud suos ignavo transmissurum silentio. Roterdami ex Erasmiano. XIII. Aprilis ipsis Id. DC LXV. EPISTOLA XIX. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. M. Meibomius. DE felici tuo ex Italia reditu docti Viri, qui antiquæ eruditionis monu- menta æstimare norunt, merito tibi gratulantur. Certe nihil mihi gratius fuit, quam quod nuper Ampliss. Vir Nicolaus Heinsius, inter varios de literis, illarumque nostro hoc tempore vindicibus, sermones narravit, te & eruditionis nomine clarum esse, & allato ex Italia ingenti scriptorum librorum thesauro eruditos viros tibi devinxisse. Nec possum quin magno me gaudio ex eruditissimi Oloi Borrichiiliteris intellexisse significem, te inter alios amicos tuos me quoque ad thesauri illius usum invitare. Tres autem illos antiquæ Musicæ auctores, quorum mentionem facit Borrichius, jam ante sexdecim annos habeo ex liberalitate celeberrimi olim amici Joannis Seldeni, quinon solum curavit, ut ex Oxoniensis bibliothecæ codicibus describerentur, sed & cum aliis libris conferrentur a præstantissimo viro Gerardo Langbainio, Theol. D. & Præposito collegii reginalis Oxonii. Ex illis Manuel Bryennius, facilis scriptor, & pene totus in variis tonorum rationibus demonstrandis, levi interpretis industria contentus est. Ptolemæus non minus abstrusiori Musicæ eruditione, quam reliquis scriptis clarus, ob styli obscuritatem, utpote Ægyptius, explicatorem hactenus non invenit, & interpretem Harmonicaliteratura non instructum, cujusmodi fuit Gogavinus, qui futilem versionem Venetiis edidit, merito deterrere potuisset. Illum jam ab eo tempore, quo Musicorum veterum utrumque volumen prodiit, explicatum difficilibus locis, & sexcentis restitutum, ad servo. Porphyrii in Ptolemæi Harmonica commentarium habeo usque ad secundi libri caput octavum. Ultima Ptolemæi verba in quæ Porphyrius commentatur, sunt, πατον τῶν μὲν τῶν ὑπονεκας οἰκον ἐχει πο ἀιπον; ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν τόσων ἐπετειν πως. Porphyrii ultima sunt; ὑπεὶ πο αἰχαίον εφαμόζον τὴ Χαράδι μὲλον, πὴ μὲν ἀπολεῖντεν, πὴ δὲ ἐπιλαμβάνον, ἐπερόπητὴ τὴ ἐθεσιν. Scire velim num codex tuus sit magis integer, & an manu aliquanto antiquiore Musici illi sint exarati. De Asclepii Tralliani in Nicomachi Arithmeticam commentario, quem scriptum habeo, jam monui ante hos duodecim annos, præfatione in dialogum de proportionibus, codicem meum eo loci mutilum esse, quo de magni in Mathematicis momenti doctrina, ὑπι συντετων λέγων, agitur. Tua, tuique similium industria, lacunam illam integri minimum folii expletam videre aliquando possem. De Apollonio Pergæo, Pappo,
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56 OF LEARNED MEN. he seemed hitherto to have condemned his own fate to the darkness of libraries, foul with moldy ignorance. Farewell, and if I deserve it by the most fervent veneration of your name, grant me some reply, lest I should transmit to my own people nothing of the benefit in ignoble silence. From Rotterdam, from the Erasmian house, April 13, in the very Ides, 1665. EPISTLE XIX. TO MARQ. GUDIUS. GREETING. M. Meibomius. THE learned men who know how to value the monuments of ancient learning rightly congratulate you on your happy return from Italy. Certainly nothing was more pleasing to me than that lately the Most Illustrious Nicolaus Heinsius, among various conversations about letters and those who in our time are their defenders, reported that you are both distinguished by the name of learning and, by bringing from Italy a great treasure of books by writers, have attached learned men to yourself. Nor can I refrain from stating with great joy that from the letters of the most learned Olaus Borrichius I learned that you, among your other friends, also invite me to the use of that treasure. The three authors of ancient Music, however, whom Borrichius mentions, I have already had for sixteen years through the liberality of the once celebrated John Selden, who not only took care that they should be copied from the codices of the Oxford library, but also collated with other books by the most distinguished man Gerardus Langbainius, D.D., and Provost of Queen’s College, Oxford. Of these, Manuel Bryennius, an easy writer and almost wholly occupied in demonstrating various systems of tones, is content with slight labor on the part of an editor. Ptolemy, no less famous for more abstruse musical learning than for his other writings, because of the obscurity of his style, being an Egyptian as he was, has hitherto found no expounder; and he could rightly have deterred an interpreter not instructed in harmonic literature, such as Gogavinus, who published a futile translation at Venice. I preserve the work already explained from that time when the two volumes of the ancient Musicians came out, with difficult passages and restored in six hundred places. I have Porphyry’s commentary on Ptolemy’s Harmonics as far as the eighth chapter of the second book. The last words of Ptolemy on which Porphyry comments are: “πατον τῶν μὲν τῶν ὑπονεκας οἰκον ἐχει πο ἀιπον; ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν τόσων ἐπετειν πως.” Porphyry’s last are: “ὑπεὶ πο αἰχαίον εφαμόζον τὴ Χαράδι μὲλον, πὴ μὲν ἀπολεῖντεν, πὴ δὲ ἐπιλαμβάνον, ἐπερόπητὴ τὴ ἐθεσιν.” I should like to know whether your codex is more complete, and whether those musical texts are written by a somewhat older hand. As for Asclepius of Tralles on Nicomachus’ Arithmetic, of which I have a copy, I mentioned twelve years ago, in the preface to the dialogue on proportions, that my codex is mutilated at the point where the doctrine of great importance in mathematics, “ὑπι συντετων λέγων,” is discussed. Through your industry, and that of men like you, I could perhaps someday see that lacuna filled by at least an entire leaf. Concerning Apollonius of Perga, Pappus,
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 57 Pappo, Euclide Archimede, Vettio Valente, qui ἀνδολογικὰ scripsit, aliisque Mathematicis Græcis, libenter intelligerem, thesauri tui non minimam illos partem efficere. Porro illud te, eruditissime Gudi, rogo, ut si commodo tuo fieri possit, & tecum catalogum MSS. tuorum habeas, illum descriptum (quod Borrichius spero causa mea faciendum curaret) meum communicare velis. Nullam ego vicissim tibi inserviendi occasionem, si qua offeretur, mihi elabi patiar, sed omni potius ratione ostendere conabor, nihil mihi eximiorum virorum, inter quos nomen habes, amicitia antiquius unquam fuisse. Vale & me ama. Helsingoeræ XIV Cal. Aprilis Anno 1667. EPISTOLA XX. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Ioh. Henricus Horbius. Tribus Te verbis adveniens saluto. Plura addere vetat lassitudo, quam nunc e longioribus profectionibus primum experior. Anglia maxime profuit. Amicitia mihi intercedit cum Theologis, Philologis atque Historicis, quorum intimiora quæque penetravi. Ita Jehovah providet, ut admirandam ejus misericordiam nunquam satis laudare possim. Erudita sunt Magnæ Britanniæ ingenia, & alto fruuntur otio, sub Rege scientiarum omnium amantissimo. Propediem egregia nobis dabunt, Irenæum scil. Fl. Josephum, Canones Apostolorum & Conciliorum, Etymologicum Anglicanum, antiquitates Oxonienes, Seldeniana omnia, & in his, quem nondum vidimus, de Decimis Tractatum, & Syntaxa de Diis Syris ex Authoris autographo dimidia sui parte auctum. Ni Monckhusium mihi commendassent, qui liberaliter nunc suppeditant, quæ vel victui vel studiis necessaria sunt, meis hic sumptibus ad tempus substitissem; sed cum opima sint valde nec diuturna ejusmodi auxilia, Lutetias properavi, ubi πλυμαγειτικε audio præceptores. Præ omnibus Ill. Chapelain mihi favet & Iustellus, qui ab hæresiæn historia me abducere tentat, quod difficillimam credat, quæ paucis ac erroneis Patrum scriptis nulla αγχυοια erui posset. Magno me mactares beneficio, ubi hæresiologum, quem in MSS. possides, communicares, forte clariora nobis dabit, & melioris fidei argumenta; tot enim in Epiphanio dubia mihi sunt, tot in Irenæo & Origenianis abstrusa, ut absque Te si essem, de solutione desperarem. Mittam proxime quas e Simonis M. erroribus conjecturas habeo, cum hæresium characteristicon ei applico de principiis Deo coæternis. Forte non displicebunt. Nunc in Nestorianis occupatus sum, Lutheri de consiliis Tractatum defendendo, quo Cyrillum hæreticum ominatus, Nestorium orthodoxum. Non faciam publici juris, quoniam promotioni obesse posset, nosti hominum genium, sed communicabo Tecum, ubi colophonem opellæ imposuero. Nihil addo nisi vota pro perpetua salute tua. Vale Patrono optime. Deus Te servet ad gloriam, sicut & Reip. literariæ incrementum. Addidissem isti epistolam ad M. Rottlinum, ni Col- H maria
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To Mr. Gudi, letter 57. I should gladly hear, concerning Pappus, Euclid, Archimedes, Vettius Valens, who wrote ἀνδολογικά, and other Greek mathematicians, that they make up no small part of your treasure. Moreover, most learned Gudi, I ask you this: if it can be done conveniently for you, and if you have with you a catalogue of your MSS., would you be willing to send me a copy of it, as Borrichius, I hope, would see fit to have done for my sake? For my part, I shall not allow any opportunity of serving you, if one should offer itself, to slip away from me; rather, I shall try by every means to show that nothing has ever been more dear to me than the friendship of distinguished men, among whom you have your name. Farewell, and love me. Helsingør, 14 days before the Kalends of April, in the year 1667. Epistle XX. To Mr. Gudi, greetings. Ioh. Henricus Horbius. I greet you in a few words on my arrival. Weariness forbids me to add more, which I now experience for the first time from longer journeys. England has profited me greatly. I have friendships among Theologians, Philologists, and Historians, into whose innermost matters I have penetrated. Thus Jehovah provides, so that I can never sufficiently praise His admirable mercy. The minds of Great Britain are learned, and they enjoy abundant leisure under a king most devoted to all the sciences. Soon they will give us excellent things, namely Irenæus, Flavius Josephus, the Canons of the Apostles and of the Councils, the English Etymological Dictionary, the Antiquities of Oxford, all the works of Selden, and among these, the Treatise on Tithes, which we have not yet seen, and the Syntax on the Syrian Gods, enlarged from the author's autograph by half its size. If Monckhusius had not recommended me, those who now generously supply what is necessary either for living or for study, I would for the time being have maintained myself here at my own expense; but since such aids are very abundant though not long-lasting, I hurried to Paris, where I hear of teachers of πλυμαγειτικε. Above all, the illustrious Chapelain favors me, and Iustellus, who is trying to draw me away from the history of heresies, because he thinks it a most difficult matter, which could not be extracted from a few and erroneous writings of the Fathers with no αγχυοια. You would confer a great benefit on me if you were to share the heresiologist which you possess in MSS.; perhaps it will give us clearer things and arguments of better trustworthiness, for I have so many doubts in Epiphanius, so many obscure things in Irenæus and the Origenians, that without you, if I were alone, I would despair of a solution. I shall soon send the conjectures I have from Simon M.'s errors, when I apply to him the characteristicon of heresies regarding principles coeternal with God. Perhaps they will not displease you. I am now occupied with the Nestorians, in defending Luther's Treatise on the Councils, in which he pronounced Cyril a heretic and Nestorius orthodox. I shall not make it public, since it might hinder promotion; you know human disposition; but I shall share it with you when I have put the finishing touch to the little work. I add nothing except prayers for your perpetual health. Farewell, most excellent patron. May God preserve you to His glory, and also for the increase of the republic of letters. I would have added to this the letter to M. Rottlinum, if Col- H maria
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58 DOCTORUM VIRORUM maria jam promotum crederem. Dabo ubi experiar quibus in terris degat. Nobiliss. Contubernali officiosiss. fero salutem. Si me dignum judicas responso, ad Fridericum Richelium quæso mitte, mercatorem Amstelodamensem. Dabam Lutet. Paris. Idib. Jun. CIC IXC LXX. EPISTOLA XXI. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Iacobus Holstius. ADitum ad Te, Vir Excellentissime, literis meis communivit humanitatis tuæ Acommendatio, a communi nostro Amico Dn. Axenio nuper facta. Utraque in tantam me excitavit fiduciam, ut audeam sperare, non tantum audiri me, cum tecum nunc loquor, sed & exaudiri, cum ea peto, quæ nusquam inveniam, nisi a solius Gudii humanitate impetraro. Est autem precum mearum in eo summa, ut quicquid ad emendandum illustrandumve Cornel. Celsum aliquo modo facere potest, eo me juvare velis, sive commodes exemplar aliquod bonæ notæ, sive varias lectiones nonnullas mittas, sive MSC. codicem aliquem saltem inspiciendum mihi promittas. De cæteris, quas non adeo desidero, editiones sunt, Joh. Cæsarii de anno 1538; Joh. Tornæii de anno 1549; Guil. Pantini in folio; Balduini Ronssei in quarta forma; & novissima Joh. vander Linden in duodecima. Quamcunque aliam poteris dare, gratissima ea mihi erit, ut & si quid de tuis vel aliorum in proposito Auctore emendationibus addere volueris: Quiequid lucis undecunque a tua humanitate precibus meis foenerabor, non eorum modo assumam, quæ eadem illustrari amant, quam alio etiam transmittunt; sed ad fontem sic refundum, ut solent sere densiora & opaca. Quoniam vero in nonnullis plus opis ab ingenio magno, quod in te est, sperandum videtur, quam a codicum constantia & fide, patere, quæso, ut in præsenti exemplum proponam, in quo vel maxime ab Eruditissimo adjuvari exoptem. Legitur id ipsumlib. 6. c. 6. 5. de oculis scabris: Nulla autem per se materia est, quæ psoricum nominetur, sed chalcitidis aliquid, & cadmiæ dimidio plus ex aceto simul conteruntur, &c. Sic constanter omnia, quæ ego unquam inspexi exemplaria exhibent, neque in ullis aliqua occurrit varietas. Quid ergo, inquis, requires? Elocutionis formulam: dimidio plus; non capio. Videtur autem reddendum esse Germanice aut. Mihi als halb so viel. aut kaum noch einmahl so viel. In illo sensu ablativus rei superatæ, comparativo jungitur; in hoc vero, mensuræ. Utrumlibet enim ejusmodi nominibus jungi &c quandoque etiam utrumque conjungi apud Latinos solere, per exempla nos docent Grammatici, quale est illud Virgili 9. Æneid. At pedibus longe melior Lycus Helenore. Diversissimo fere sensu utrumque redditur Germanice; In proposito, si priori modo, ex: gratia quatuor uncias capiam chalcitidis & duas cadmiæ cum una vel dimidia drachma, rei superatæ ablativus eo explicabitur, quod est: plus quam dimi-
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58 OF LEARNED MEN …I should already think it promoted to Mary. I will give you, when I have ascertained in what lands he lives. Most noble Sir, I send greetings to my most obliging table-companion. If you judge me worthy of an answer, I ask that you send to Fridericus Richelium, a merchant of Amsterdam. Given at Paris, on the Ides of June, 1590. LETTER XXI. TO MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Iacobus Holstius. The access to you, most excellent Sir, has been facilitated by my letters through the recommendation of your humanity, recently made by our common friend Mr. Axenius. Each of these has inspired me with such confidence that I dare hope not only to be heard, when I now speak with you, but also to obtain a hearing, when I ask for what I shall nowhere find, unless I have obtained it from the kindness of Gudius alone. The sum of my requests is this: that, whatever can in any way help to correct or illustrate Cornel. Celsus, you may be willing to aid me with, whether by providing some copy of good quality, or by sending a number of variant readings, or at least by promising to let me inspect some manuscript codex. As for the other editions, which I do not so much desire, there are those of Joh. Cæsarius, of the year 1538; Joh. Tornæius, of the year 1549; Guil. Pantinus in folio; Balduinus Ronsseus in quarto; and the latest, Joh. vander Linden in duodecimo. Whatever other edition you can provide will be most welcome to me, as will anything you may wish to add from your own emendations or those of others on the author in question. Whatever light your kindness may lend to my requests from any source, I shall not merely take up those works which likewise love to be illuminated by it, and pass them on to others; but I shall pour them back to the source, as waters do where streams become thicker and darker. But since in some matters more help may be hoped for from the great talent that is in you than from the consistency and fidelity of manuscripts, permit me, I beg, to propose at present an example in which I especially desire to be assisted by the most learned among men. It is read in the same passage, book 6, chapter 6, section 5, on scabby eyes: “Nulla autem per se materia est, quæ psoricum nominetur, sed chalcitidis aliquid, & cadmiæ dimidio plus ex aceto simul conteruntur, &c.” Thus all the copies that I have ever inspected consistently present it, and in none does any variant occur. “What then,” you ask, “do you require?” The form of expression: “dimidio plus”; I do not understand it. It seems, however, that it should be rendered in German either: “als halb so viel” or “kaum noch einmal so viel.” In the former sense, the ablative of the thing exceeded is joined to the comparative; in the latter, that of measure. Indeed, the grammarians show us by examples that nouns of this kind are sometimes joined, and even that both are sometimes joined together among the Latins, such as that of Virgil, Aeneid 9: “At pedibus longe melior Lycus Helenore.” In German, the two are rendered with almost completely different meanings. In the present case, if it is in the former way, for example, if I take four ounces of chalcitis and two of cadmia with one or one and a half drachms, the ablative of the thing exceeded will be explained as meaning: more than half…
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 59 dimidium chalcitidis; eaque explicatione compositioni novæ propemodum fit satis, quatenus consentit Diosc. 1. 5. c. 115. ὑδαῖζητη δὲ ἰεῖς αυτῶς (πῶς χαλκιλιδον) νὸ παλιμμην διαριστον, άπασιν Θ χαλκίνως ἐγεῖς απλην καδμειαν μηγνημην ἀν συν ὑξεῖο λειωνομην. "Error de ios μεληντες ὑιαν ἀναίναι. Similiter Plinius lib. 34. c. 12. Tunc (chalcitis macerata) admisto cadmiæ pari pondere medicamentum efficit, psoricondictum. Quod si duæ partes chalcitidis, tertia cadmiæ temperentur, acrius hoc idem fiet, &c. Sivero altero modo quatuor uncias chalcitidis capiam, & cadmiæ octo uncias addam, ablativus mensuræ explicandus eo erit: cadmiæ (quod ad dimidiam sui partem) plus, quam chalcitis. Et hanc explicationem omnia exempla similis elocutionis sive in Cello sive in aliis auctoribus suadent, licet ea compositioni psorici, quam veteres alii tradunt, multis partibus contraria sit. Sunt autem illa exempla, ex Scribonio Largo comp. 101. Dimidio enim celerius sanantur, qui acceperunt medicamentum, quam prius solebant. Et composit. 209. Sine alligatura enim interdum dimidio celerius ea sanat, &c. Hoc est. Raum noch einmahl so bald. Curtius lib. 4. Caterum cum dimidio ferme major esset Darii exercitus, quam in Cilicia fuerat, &c. Raum noch einmahl so grosz. Solinus c. 43. Ultra Meroen super exortum solis Macrobii Æthiopes vocantur. Dimidio enim eorum prosentior, quam nostra vita est, &c. Hoc est. Liben raum noch einmahl so lang als wir. Cels. 1. 6. c. 12. Inspergique ulcera debent alumine scissili, cui dimidio plus gallæ immatura sit adjectum. Hoc est. Noch einmahl so viel gallappel. In oppositi generis exemplo. Cels. 1. 5. c. 28. ß. de Phygethlo. Licet etiam miscere æquis portionibus Ammoniacum, galbanum, propolim, viscum, pondusque (forte: omnibusque) adjicere myrrha dimidio minus, quam in prioribus singulis erit. Hoc est. Raum halb so viel. Similiter proximo ß. Aut quod constat ex chalcitide & saxo calcis, quibus auripigmenti dimidio minus, quam in singulis prioribus est, adjicitur. Hoc est. Raum halb so viel. Lib. 6. c. 8. ß. 4. Hisque adjicitur hyoscymi succi dimidio minor, quam unius ex superioribus, portio. Raum halb so viel fast. In omnibus hisce exemplis ablativus mensuræ, non rei superatæ intelligendus venit. Ex recentioribns plerique tamen in his & aliis, rei superatæ ablativum explicant, ut Horat. Turselin de partic. in illo Ciceronis: Dimidio plus scripsit Clodia. Hat mehr den halb so viel geschrieben. Ego puto. Sie hat mehr den noch einmahl so viel geschrieben. Et paulo post. Tecum anno plus vixit. Ist über oder länger als ein jahr bey dir gewesen. Ego. Ist ein jahr länger als der ander bey dir gewesen. Illud; dimidio: quod temper ad posterius nomen refertur, quidam ex Latinis, habito ad prius respectu; altero tanto; circumscribunt, ut Corn. Nepos in Vit. Eumenis. Illa autem via, qua omnes commeabant, altero tanto longiorem habebas amfrætum. Idem potuisset: dimidio longiorem habebat amfrætum. War noch einmahl so lang. Quod si vero illud significandum foret, quod vult Turselinus. Ist langer als ein jahr bey dir gewesen. Scribi putem oportere; plus anno tecum vixit. In omnibus enim exemplis, quæ proposui, ab- H 2 lativum
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TO MARQ. GUDIUM, EPISTLE 59 half of chalcitis; and with that explanation the new composition is almost sufficiently understood, insofar as it agrees with Diosc. 1. 5. c. 115. ὑδαῖζητη δὲ ἰεῖς αυτῶς (πῶς χαλκιλιδον) νὸ παλιμμην διαριστον, άπασιν Θ χαλκίνως ἐγεῖς απλην καδμειαν μηγνημην ἀν συν ὑξεῖο λειωνομην. "Error de ios μεληντες ὑιαν ἀναίναι. Likewise Pliny lib. 34. c. 12. Then (macerated chalcitis), mixed with an equal weight of cadmia, produces a remedy called psoric. But if two parts of chalcitis and one third of cadmia are mixed, the same thing will be made more potent, etc. But if in another way I take four ounces of chalcitis and add eight ounces of cadmia, the ablative of measure is to be explained thus: cadmia (which is as to half of itself) more than chalcitis. And this explanation is supported by all examples of a similar mode of expression, whether in Cello or in other authors, although it is in many respects contrary to the composition for psoric which other ancients hand down. The examples are these, from Scribonius Largus comp. 101. For those who have taken the medicine are cured half as quickly as they used to be. And comp. 209. For sometimes without bandaging it heals those things half as quickly, etc. That is, Raum noch einmahl so bald. Curtius lib. 4. Moreover, since Darius’s army was almost half again as large as it had been in Cilicia, etc. Raum noch einmahl so grosz. Solinus c. 43. Beyond Meroe, above the rising of the sun, the Ethiopians are called Macrobii. For their life is half again as long as ours, etc. That is, They live almost twice as long as we do. Cels. 1. 6. c. 12. And ulcers ought to be sprinkled with scissile alum, to which half as much again unripe gall has been added. That is, Noch einmahl so viel gallappel. In an example of the opposite kind. Cels. 1. 5. c. 28. §. de Phygethlo. It is also permitted to mix in equal portions ammoniacum, galbanum, propolis, viscum, and to add myrrh in a weight half less than will be in each of the previous ingredients, perhaps: and with everything to add myrrh half less. That is, Raum halb so viel. Likewise in the next §. Or what is made up of chalcitis and lime-stone, to which auripigmentum is added half less than is in each of the previous ingredients. That is, Raum halb so viel. Lib. 6. c. 8. §. 4. To these is added a portion of hyoscyamus juice smaller by half than one of the preceding. Raum halb so viel fast. In all these examples the ablative of measure, not of the thing surpassed, is to be understood. Yet most recent writers in these and other cases explain it as the ablative of the thing surpassed, as Horat. Turselin on particles in that passage of Cicero: Dimidio plus scripsit Clodia. Hat mehr den halb so viel geschrieben. I think. She has written more, namely twice as much. And a little later: Tecum anno plus vixit. He was with you for over or longer than a year. I think. He was with you a year longer than the other. That phrase, dimidio, which is always referred to the later noun, some of the Latins, with regard to the former, express by altero tanto; as Corn. Nepos in the Life of Eumenes. But that route by which all passed back and forth, you had a circuit twice as long. The same might have been said: dimidio longiorem habebat amfrætum. Was noch einmahl so lang. But if what Turselinus means were to be expressed. He was with you longer than a year. I think it ought to be written: plus anno tecum vixit. For in all the examples I have set forth, the ablative
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60 DOCTORUM VIRORUM lativum mensuræ perpetuo præcedere nomen, plus observari meretur, cum rei superatæ semper sequatur. Ut Cic. de amicit plus æquo, id est, quam æquum est. Celsus lib. I. c. I. Modo plus justo, modo non amplius assumere. Contrà lib. I. c. 3. Si quando tamen insuetus aliquis laboravit, aut multo plus quam solet etiam is qui assuevit, &c. Utriusque generis alia exempla in Turselino de Partic. 5. Plus pro amplius, & alias leguntur. Enimvero Latinos rei superatæ ablativum in cæteris modopæponere, modo postponere comparativo nomini scio. Sed in exemplis, quæ & per mensuræ & per rei superatæ ablativum explicari possunt, ne ambigua sit oratio, illum semper præponi solere, hunc postponi, observo. Ut jam ad scopum redeam, qui est Celsum in consensum cum Dioscoride & Plinio proposito in loco reducere, nescio an scribam: & cadmia plus dimidio (hoc est quam dimidium chalcitidis) An? Et cadmia dimidio minus, hoc est. (Kann halb so viel als Kopper-rost.) An? Sed Cadmia aliquid & Chalcitidis dimidio plus. H. c. Kann noch twimall so viel Kopper-rost. Nisi integer servandus Celsi locus fuerit, ut minus diffensus autorum attendendus sit; posterior correctio sic placet, ut alias sæpe transpositiones suniles ab ignaris factas in Celso passim noto. Fortasse enim rei superatæ ablativum intellexit, qui mensuræ debuit, adeoque ut Celsus Dioscoridi consentiret, chalcitidis & cadmiæ nomina locis propriis permutavit. Sed hæc conjectura est. Tu, Vir Excellentissime, verum decernas licet, sive ab ingenio vis, sive ex MSC. fide. Utroque modo non me tantum, sed & alios longissime superas. Ego enim ut verum tibi, Plautina phrasi, hic fatear, una litera plus sum, quam medicus. Si succurrere jam inopiæ meæ vis, poteris una quoque honoris nomen reddere, quo in perpetuum habebis Tibi me devinctissimum. Interea si non per Te responsum, per Axenium id, etiam cum desiderio exspecto, & bene valere Te jubeo. Scribebam Tonningæ Decimo Tert. Calend. Feb. a. 1672. EPISTOLA XXII. SAMUEL RACHELIO. S. D. 7. Schefferus. PRidem & responsum tibi, & gratias pro doctissimo elegantissimoque mu- nere debeo. Neque negligentia quadam distuli hoc officium, sed propter virium imbecillitatem, quas tantum non omnes exhaust morbus diuturnus, ex quo ægre possum reconvalescere. Propterea confido fore, ut tam longum silentium excuses, nec sinisterius quid suspiceris. Opto autem, quod optavi sæpius, ut pergas in nobilissimo argumento pertractando, nec te hominis unius stolidissimi & iniquissimi furore inde patiaris divelli. Quæ scribis de Officiis Ciceronis cum meis quibusdam annotationibus Francofurti edendis, mihi quidem sunt ignota. Fateor jam etiam ante annos decem & plures publice interpretatum esse, illaque occasione observasse nonnulla ad meliorem ejus operis intellectum. Loca quoque suspecta examinasse, quæ & ipsa ante biennium emendata
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60 Among learned men, it deserves to be especially observed that the ablative of measure should always precede the name of the thing exceeded, since it always follows the thing exceeded. Thus Cicero, de Amicit., plus æquo, that is, “more than is right.” Celsus, book I, ch. 1: modo plus justo, modo non amplius assumere. On the other hand, book I, ch. 3: Si quando tamen insuetus aliquis laboravit, aut multo plus quam solet etiam is qui assuevit, &c. Other examples of both kinds are in Turselinus, de Partic. 5. Plus is read for amplius, and vice versa. Indeed, I know that the Latins sometimes place the ablative of the thing exceeded before, sometimes after, the comparative noun in the other cases. But in examples which can be explained both by the ablative of measure and by that of the thing exceeded, in order that the expression may not be ambiguous, I observe that the former is usually put first and the latter after. Now to return to my point, which is to bring Celsus, in the passage proposed, into agreement with Dioscorides and Pliny, I do not know whether I should write: & cadmia plus dimidio (that is, than half of chalcitis)? Or? And cadmia dimidio minus, that is. (Kann halb so viel als Kopper-rost.) Or? But Cadmia aliquid & Chalcitidis dimidio plus. H. c. Kann noch twimall so viel Kopper-rost. Unless the entire passage of Celsus must be preserved, so that the disagreement of the authors may be noted, the following correction pleases me: there are, as is often the case, similar transpositions made by the unlearned in Celsus, a common thing. Perhaps he understood the ablative of the thing exceeded where he should have understood that of measure, and thus, in order that Celsus might agree with Dioscorides, he exchanged the places of the names chalcitis and cadmia. But this is only a conjecture. You, most excellent Sir, may decide what is true, whether by your own judgment or from the evidence of the manuscript. In either case you surpass not only me, but also others by a very great distance. For, to confess the truth to you here in Plautine phrase, I am, as it were, one letter more than a physician. If you now wish to help my need, you can also restore my name to honor, by which in perpetuity you will have me most devoted to you. Meanwhile, if I do not receive the answer through you, I await it also through Axenius, and that with eagerness, and I bid you farewell. I wrote at Tonningen, on the thirteenth day before the Calends of February, 1672. EPISTLE XXII. TO SAMUEL RACHEL. S. D. 7. Schefferus. I have long owed both a reply to you and thanks for your most learned and elegant gift. Nor did I delay this duty through any negligence, but because of the weakness of my strength, which a prolonged illness has almost entirely exhausted, from which I can scarcely recover. Therefore I trust that you will excuse so long a silence, and that you will suspect nothing unfriendly. I wish, as I have often wished before, that you continue in treating that noblest subject, and do not allow yourself to be torn away from it by the fury of one most foolish and most unjust man. What you write about the publication at Frankfurt of Cicero’s Offices with some annotations of mine is indeed unknown to me. I confess that even before now, ten or more years ago, I interpreted it publicly, and on that occasion observed certain things for a better understanding of that work. I also examined passages that were suspect, which themselves were emended two years ago
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 61 data mihi ad Cl. Grævium hoc a me petentem. Constituisse quoque illum labo- rem retractare, idque coram olim indicasse No. Dn. Blumio, ex quo fortasse typographus hoc accepit. Sed tot curis aliis hactenus fui obrutus, ut ad id negotium non potuerim me accingere. Præterea meum paulo aliud, quam tuum est propositum, videlicet conferre cum Cicerone scriptores alios, Græcos Latinosque, Christianos & paganos, & ex consensu omnium vel dissensu veritatem aut falsitatem sententiarum demonstrare. Qua occasione tamen si quid aliter acceptum est ab interpretibus, quam videntur debuisse, indicatur, cum præsertim Wolsius in plerisque ea affinxerit Ciceroni, de quibus ne per somnium quidem cogitavit. Quod si vitam Deus dabit, & concedent otium, qui possunt, illud a me aliquando conficietur. Dabo operam, ut intelligas, me & virum bonum, & tui amantem & injuriæ sine causâ tibi illatæ memorem esse. Quanquam forte hujus nihil quid sit, cum orbis totus hominis stolidissimi miserri me ausus pridem viserit & damnaverit. Cl. Gudii benignum de mea Re Vehiculari judicium amo & exosculor, optoque, ut sic aliis probare possim, simul peto ut Virum doctissimum, si potes, mihi facias amicum. Cupio enim propter causas multas ei propius innotescere. Sed hucusque mihi nulla data est idonea occasio. De me non habeo, quæ scribam præter ea, quæ significavit Cl. Dn. Morho[n]io. Is nuntiabit, si desiderabis scire. Pagellas hasce addo, tantum ut intelligas, me valde gratum esse, licet ob fortunam tenuem non possim. Vale. Scr. Upsaliæ. a.d. 6. Septembr. An. 1672. EPISTOLA XXIII. MARQ. GUDIO. S.D. Samuel Rachelius. Slesvicum. Quas inclusi Cl. Dn. Schefferi literas ipse exhibere constitueram, cum antebimestre Slesvici essem. Et quævis aditum pro Tua humanitate mihi facilem pollicitus fueras, illum tamen aliorum interpellationibus occupatum esse scio. Idem tamen fieri hic potuisset, quod nuper ad nos transiisses. Hoc vero cum serius comperissem, & pluribus negotiis districtus præsentiam Tuum diuturniorem fore sperarem, etiam hæc spes decollavit. Ne igitur vel desiderio Amici, vel publicis commodis desim, opera mei domestici hanc ad rem uti visum est. Nosti, Vir Amplissime, Cl. Schefferi ingenium & studium doctissimis argumentis occupari, ut Tua amicitia & exquisitæ eruditionis adminiculo non indignum judices, & quibus ipse studiis forsan vacare non licet, ea saltem per accuratæ diligentiæ hominem adjuves. Domesticum meum, Cognatum Tuum, ut commendem, nihil erit necessum. Ipse enim talem se Tibi probabit, qualem velis esse. Bona in illo mens, bonus animus. Ingenium excitatum, firmum judicium, & ad res arduas perspiciendas comparatum. In Philosophia practica eximie profecit, ut etiam deinceps in studio juris tanto felicius progredi possit. Iam pridem ipsi autor fui, ut aliquod specimen eruditio- nis, H 3
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to MARQ. GUDIUS, letter 61 given to me for Cl. Grævius, who was asking me for this. He also had resolved to revise that work, and had once indicated this in person to Mr. Blumius, from whom perhaps the printer received this information. But I have until now been burdened with so many other cares that I have not been able to set myself to that business. Moreover, my purpose is somewhat different from yours, namely, to compare with Cicero other writers, Greek and Latin, Christian and pagan, and from the agreement of all or their disagreement to demonstrate the truth or falsity of opinions. Yet on that occasion, if anything has been understood differently by interpreters than they seem to have ought to have done, it is pointed out, especially since Wolsius in most things has attributed to Cicero what he never even dreamed of. But if God grants life, and those who can grant leisure, that work will some day be completed by me. I shall take pains that you may understand that I am both an upright man, and one who loves you, and mindful of the injury done to you without cause. Although perhaps this matters little, since the whole world has long since dared to visit and condemn that most wretched fool. I love and kiss Cl. Gudius’s kind judgment concerning my Re Vehiculari, and I wish that I may thus be able to prove myself to others; at the same time I ask that you make that most learned man my friend, if you can. For I desire for many reasons to become better acquainted with him. But up to now no suitable opportunity has been given me. As for myself, I have nothing to write, except what Cl. Dn. Morho[n]ius has conveyed. He will report it, if you desire to know. I add these little pages only so that you may understand that I am very grateful, though on account of my modest fortune I cannot show it. Farewell. Written at Uppsala, on the 6th day of September, 1672. EPISTLE XXIII. TO MARQ. GUDIUS. S.D. Samuel Rachelius. Slesvig. The letters of Cl. Dn. Scheffer, which I enclosed, I had intended to present in person, when I was at Schleswig two months ago. And though you had promised me, according to your kindness, that access would be easy, I know nevertheless that you were occupied with the interruptions of others. The same could have been done here, had you recently crossed over to us. But since I learned this only later, and, being engaged with many affairs, I had hoped that your presence would be longer, even that hope has now faded. Therefore, lest I fail either my friend’s wish or the public good, I have thought fit to use the help of my domestic in this matter. You know, most distinguished sir, Cl. Scheffer’s talent and zeal are occupied with most learned subjects, so that you judge him worthy of your friendship and of the aid of your refined learning, and in those studies to which he himself perhaps is not free to attend, you may at least assist him through a man of careful diligence. There is no need for me to commend my domestic, your kinsman. For he will show himself to you to be such as you may wish him to be. In him there is a good mind, a good disposition. An alert intellect, sound judgment, and fitness for perceiving difficult matters. He has made excellent progress in practical philosophy, so that he may also be able to advance hereafter more successfully in the study of law. I had long since urged him to offer some specimen of his erudition, H 3
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62 DOCTORUM VIRORUM. nis exhiberet. Sed persuadere hoc non potui, impensas, ni fallor, hoc nomine faciendas, detrectanti. Vitam ejus quod attinet, probam, modestam & innoxiam hic egit, ut ejus consuetudo nunquam mihi gravis, semper autem jucunda fuerit. Prodierunt iterum Opuscula Moralia varia Honorati Fabri. His Colonenses Iesuitæ addiderunt nonnulla alia, interque ea unum, quod præ se fert nomen Bernhardi Stubrockii, qui se objecit antehac Guilielmo Wenerockio. Ille Stubrockius isto opusculo Examen meum Probabilitatis Iesuiticæ, quod Helme-stadi edidi, refutare instituit. Qui cum nervum minime tetigerit, sed solidam defensionis causam mihi reliquerit, respondere homini maledico constitui quidem, sed cum terra pugnare nolim. Si itaque, Vir Amplissime, Tibi compertum sit, quis sub nomine Stubrockii lateat, velim ne clam illud me habeas. Quod si istius opusculi virulenti aurorem ipsum Fabrum esse scirem, non sane sub incudem vocarem. Vale. Kiloni. a. d. 2. Febr. 1673. EPISTOLA XXIV. MARQ. GUDIO. S. D. Wilhelmus Goesius. Tandem, ecce, prodeunt Agraria veterum, quæ cura nostra, ut opinor, emendatiora reddidit, illustravit, & aliqua etiam accessione locupletavit: nam videbitis auctius hic illud caput, quod agit de Variatione Fluminum, adjectumque Simplicium, cum fragmentis quarundam legum agrarianum, quæ collegimus ex Halicarnasseo, Dione, Plutarcho aliisque qui veteris Historiæ nobis monumenta reliquere. Vellem maturius me potuisse hæc ad vos transmittere, sed quod liber iste nunc demum prodit, tribuendum partim torpedini bibliopolæ, cui jam ante biennium hunc excudendum tradidi, partim infelicitati temporum, ex qua Patria nostra post exitiales turbas nunc incipit emergere. Vos vero felices, qui ex tanta calamitate vos in tempore subduxistis, & velut in specula e longinquo vidistis in alto jactari Reipublicæ nostram cymbam, dum apud vos plane sint Alcedonia. Quid autem vos tempore tam felici egeritis, atque etiamnum agatis, scire unice desidero; speciatim etiam quo loco sit Photii Etymologicum, itemque quo inscriptiones veteres, quo Cæsar, quo alia, quorum editionem, dum hic cratis, moliebamini. Si mihi horum similiumque cognitionem impartiri velitis, beabitis maxime. Hagæ Comitis ult. April. 1674. EPISTOLA XXV. Molto Illustrè Signore Colendissimo. MI giova d'allegrarmicon V. S. Molto Illustrè del suo felice arrivo a Milano, allegrandomi insieme coll' Illustrissimo suo Compagno, dove non prima di hora però non gli ho inviato l'indice de' Manuscritti Greci da lei desiderato, per non esser stato ritrovato a tempo dal Reverendissimo Presidente del Collegio greco, come
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62 OF LEARNED MEN. I could not, however, persuade him to do this, that is, to incur the expenses, if I am not mistaken, required under that title, though he refused. As for his life, he lived here honestly, modestly, and harmlessly, so that his company was never burdensome to me, but always pleasant. Again appeared the various Opuscula Moralia of Honoratus Fabri. To these the Cologne Jesuits added certain other things, among them one which bears the name of Bernhard Stubrockius, who had formerly opposed Guilielmus Wenerockius. That Stubrockius undertook in that little work to refute my Examen meum Probabilitatis Iesuiticæ , which I published at Helmstedt. Since he has by no means touched the nerve of the matter, but has left me a sound cause of defense, I did indeed decide to answer the man of abuse, but since I do not wish to fight with the ground. If, therefore, most excellent Sir, it is known to you who lies hidden under the name of Stubrockius, I would wish that you should not keep it secret from me. But if I knew that the author of that venomous little work were Faber himself, I should certainly not summon him to the forge. Farewell. Kiel, Feb. 2, 1673. EPISTLE XXIV. TO MARQ. GUDIO. GREETING. Wilhelmus Goesius. At last, behold, the Agraria of the ancients is appearing, which our care, as I think, has made more correct, has illustrated, and has also enriched with some additions: for you will see here that section enlarged which treats of the Variation of Rivers, and also the addition of the Simplicii, together with fragments of certain agrarian laws, which we collected from Halicarnassus, Dion, Plutarch, and others who have left us monuments of ancient history. I wish I could have sent these things to you sooner, but that this book is now only coming out is to be attributed partly to the slowness of the bookseller, to whom I handed it over two years ago for printing, and partly to the misfortune of the times, from which our fatherland is now beginning to emerge after ruinous disturbances. But you are fortunate, who in time withdrew yourselves from so great a calamity, and, as if from a watchtower, saw our commonwealth’s little ship tossed far off in the deep, while among you all is complete calm. What you have done in so happy a time, and what you are still doing, I especially desire to know; and in particular, at what point Photius’ Etymologicum stands, and likewise the ancient inscriptions, Caesar, and the other works whose publication you were undertaking while I was here. If you should wish to impart to me knowledge of these and similar matters, you would greatly delight me. The Hague, April 30, 1674. EPISTLE XXV. Most Illustrious and Most Honorable Sir, It gives me pleasure to rejoice with Your Most Illustrious Lordship over your happy arrival in Milan, rejoicing together with your Most Illustrious Companion. However, I have not until now sent you the index of the Greek manuscripts desired by you, because it had not been found in time by the Most Reverend President of the Greek College,
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 63 come cosa da esso trascurata l'ha messa in non cale; per ilbe iscuserà V.S. la tardanza senza adossarmela, havendo per punto di riputazione, di non tralasciar cosa alcuna che sia di suo servizio, quanto sarà in me. Hò scritto al Signor Ma- gliabecchi a Fierenze, con dargli parte della sua partenza, e di qualche sod- disfazzione, che V.S. habbia mostro della sua poca dimora in Padoa, con qual- che frutto delli suoi eruditi viaggi, havendo però giudicato bene, che non sa- pesse là questo fatto da lei de' Manuscritti greci per molti rispetti, come, che miglior consiglio fosse, non doversi far palese la poca reputatione dell' Italia, di dar così il bando alle lettere greche, dove hanno fiorito tanto tempo. l'Eccel- lentissimo Ferrari fa riverenza alle Signorie Vostre molto affettuosa, come anco il Signor Sindaco della fazzione Tedesca, Vezio sindaco dell' Università, Ve- zio Consigliere della nazione medesima, sospirando ancora la loro compagnia a Torino, mì io credo che habbia da patire un pezzo di tempo questo male in cor- po. Con che io me le raffermo con ogni affetto augurandole il colmo della contentizze. di Padoa. il di 8. Septemb. 1662. D. V. S. Molto Illustrè Affettionatissimo servidore CARLO OFFREDI. EPISTOLA XXVI. Illustrissimo Signore, e Padron Colendissimo. Mando a V.S. il Livio con le note Marginali di Curzio Picchena Fioren- tino, già primo Segretario di stato del Serenissimo Gran Duca di Toscana, scritte di mano propria del medesimo Picchena. Sene vaglia, che mi sarà gra- tissimo, se visara cosa a proposito per il Signor Gronovio. Incluse haverà le Let- tere del Signor Cintio, mionori respondere a detto Signore, che io al cui ritorno spedirò la lettera. Desidero col suo commodo una Copia dell' Iscrittione di Ru- fo Aproniano, descritte dal Signor Virgilio Antichissimo descritto da loro, e lari- verisco. Di Casali 25 Octobre 1662. Di V. S. Illustrissima. Servidore Devotissimo. CARLO DATI. EPISTOLA XXVII. Illustrissimo Signore, e Padrone Colendissimo. E gran tempo, che io desidero di rassgnar a V.S. Illustrissima la mia offer- vanza, mì hò tralasciato di farlo per non sapere dove ella habbia fermato sua sede, e per consequenza dove io debba inviare le mie lettere. Veramente non lo so, nè anche adesso, mì non voglio viver più in questa contumacia, tanzò più che
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To Marq. Gudium, letter 63 as something neglected by him, he has set aside; for which V.S. will excuse the delay without laying it to my charge, since I make it a point of honor not to leave undone anything that may be of your service, so far as lies in me. I have written to Signor Magliabecchi in Florence, informing him of your departure, and of the satisfaction that V.S. has shown at your brief stay in Padua, with some fruit of your learned travels; yet I judged it well that this matter of your Greek manuscripts should not be made known there for many reasons, such as that it was better counsel not to make public the poor reputation of Italy, in thus giving the Greek letters their dismissal, where they have flourished so long. The Most Excellent Ferrari pays very affectionate respects to Your Lordships, as does also the Signor Sindaco of the German faction, Vezio, syndic of the University, and Vezio, councillor of the same nation, still longing for your company in Turin, though I believe that this ill in the body is to last them a while yet. With this I commend myself to them with all affection, wishing them the fullness of contentment. From Padua, the 8th of September 1662. Of Your Most Illustrious Lordship Most affectionate servant CARLO OFFREDI. EPISTOLA XXVI. Most illustrious Signore, and Most Honored Patron. I send V.S. the Livy with the marginal notes of Curzio Picchena of Florence, formerly first secretary of state to the Most Serene Grand Duke of Tuscany, written in Picchena’s own hand. Make use of it, as it will be most gratifying to me if it should prove useful for Signor Gronovio. Enclosed you will have the letters of Signor Cintio; I must reply to that Signore, to whom on his return I shall send the letter. I desire, if convenient, a copy of the inscription of Rufo Aproniano, transcribed by Signor Virgilio, very ancient and copied by them, and I will cherish it. From Casali, 25 October 1662. Of Your Most Illustrious Lordship Most devoted servant CARLO DATI. EPISTOLA XXVII. Most illustrious Signore, and Most Honored Patron. It has been a long time since I have wished to renew for V.S. Illustrissima the assurance of my devotion, but I have put it off because I did not know where you had fixed your seat, and consequently where I ought to send my letters. Truly I do not know it even now, but I do not wish to live any longer in this contumacy, especially since...
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64 DOCTORUM VIRORUM che io hò necessità di ricorrere alla sua Erudizione. In primo luogo adunque la supplico, a farmi grazia di notare le varie lezzioni di Plinio, sopra i 4 ultimi libri. 33. 34. 35. 36. Dove si tratta di materie attenenti a Pittura, Scultura et Architettura, dal testo Manuscritto antichissimo, che V. S. mi disse trovarsi nella sua padria, quand' ella dimorava in Fierenze, e ch' ella intese il mio bisogno. Sò che la briga è grande, ma la necessità mi fa ardito, ed importuno. In secondo luogo V. S. Illustrissimami onerò d'una varia lezzione, anzi ingegno- sissima emendazzione sopra quei versi di Fedro lib. v. Ut quidam artifices nostro faciunt seculo Qui pretium operibus majus inveniunt novo Si Marmori adscripserunt Praxitelem suo Detrito Myronem argento. Fabula etc. Mà io l'hò perduta, e la ripiglierei con tutto l'discorso, ed annotazioni di V. S. sopra questi versi, i quali mi occorre citare in un mio discorso della pittura antica, ed intanto faro memoria della stima, che io fò della sua erudizione. Si attende, e si spera presto da lei l'edizione del Fedro, ma io hò più prestezza di questo luogo, perche penso di mandar fuori una parte di questa opera, e dedicarla alla Maestà Cristianissima del Re di Francia, da cui sono stato altamente benificato. Credo, che V. S. havrà inteso, che in Roma usci la Roma antica di Famiano Nardini. Giorgio Pachimerio tradotto da P. Possino, e le opere di Torquato Tasso inedite. Il Signor Valerio Chimentelli, Professore delle lettere humane nello studio Pisano, stampa un' opera de sellis veterum. Il Signor Francesco Redi, un trattato del nascitmento degli insetti. Altrenuove letterarie per hora non mi sovengono, onde per fine, col supplicarla dell' onore de' suoi comandamenti, obsequiosamente lariverisco. Di Firli li 15 Giugno. Di V. S. Illustrissima. Servo Divotissimo, ed Obligatissimo. CARLO DATI. EPISTOLA XXVIII. Illustrissimo Signore, e Padron Colendissimo. IL Signor Falconierila riverisce, elapriega a collazzionargli i Luoghi dell' incluso foglio. Sono stato per riverirla all'albergo, insieme col Signor Cavalcanti piu volte, ma per mia disgrazzia mai hò havuto fortuna diritrovarla, onde hò stimato bene lo scriverle questi diu versi, per auvisarle, come il Signor Principe mio Signore si duole di me circa alla sua tardanza, ed jeri in particulare mene discorse a lungo, la supplico per tanto con ogni maggior caldezza, mentre habbiano i miei preghi luogò alcuno appresso di lei, a favorirmi domane doppo desinare in tutti i modi di appetarmi in casa, già che verrò per lei, ed anderemo dal Signor Principe come gli hò promesso. La supplico di que-
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64 OF LEARNED MEN that I have need to have recourse to your Erudition. In the first place, then, I beg you to do me the favor of noting the various readings of Pliny, in the 4 last books, 33, 34, 35, 36, where there is treated matter concerning Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, from the very ancient manuscript text, which Your Lordship told me was to be found in your homeland, when you were living in Florence, and which you understood I needed. I know the task is great, but necessity makes me bold and importunate. In the second place Your Most Illustrious Lordship burdened me with a variant reading, nay a most ingenious emendation, upon those verses of Phaedrus, book V: Ut quidam artifices nostro faciunt seculo Qui pretium operibus majus inveniunt novo Si Marmori adscripserunt Praxitelem suo Detrito Myronem argento. Fabula etc. But I have lost it, and I would recover it, together with the whole discourse and annotations of Your Lordship on these verses, which I am obliged to cite in a discourse of mine on ancient painting, and in the meantime I shall keep in memory the esteem I have for your erudition. The edition of Phaedrus is awaited and hoped for soon from you, but I am in greater haste for this passage, because I intend to put forth a part of this work, and dedicate it to the Most Christian Majesty, the King of France, from whom I have been highly benefited. I believe Your Lordship will have heard that in Rome there has come out the Antica Roma of Famiano Nardini, Giorgio Pachimerio translated by P. Possino, and the unpublished works of Torquato Tasso. Signor Valerio Chimentelli, Professor of the human letters in the Pisan studio, is printing a work De sellis veterum. Signor Francesco Redi, a treatise on the birth of insects. No other literary news for the moment come to mind, wherefore, to conclude, begging you for the honor of your commands, I respectfully salute you. From Firli, the 15th of June. Of Your Most Illustrious Lordship, Most devoted and obliged servant, CARLO DATI. EPISTLE XXVIII. Most illustrious Signor and most esteemed Patron. Signor Falconieri greets you, and begs you to collate for him the passages in the enclosed sheet. I have been about to pay my respects to you at the inn, together with Signor Cavalcanti, many times, but to my misfortune I have never had the good fortune to find you, wherefore I thought it best to write you these few lines, to inform you that the Most Serene Prince, my Lord, complains to me about your delay, and yesterday in particular spoke to me at length about it. I beg you therefore with all possible warmth, so that my requests may have some place with you, to favor me tomorrow after dinner in every way by expecting me at home, since I shall come for you and we shall go to the Prince, as I have promised him. I beg you to-
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 65 questa, perche, comèbò detto doppo di avermene discorso molte volte; jeri finalmente sidolse, nè a parlare sinceramente, non senza qualche raggione. Conche non servendo questa mia per altro, supplicandola a riverire in mio nome il suo gentilissimo Signor Compagno, la riverisco. Di Casa li 19. Dicembre 1662. Di V. S. Illustrissima. Devotissimo servidore. ANTONINO MAGLIABECCHI. EPISTOLA XXIX. Illustrissimo Signore, e Padrone Colendissimo. In Roma. Sò quanto a letteratissimi suoi pari il tempo siaprezzioso, e per questo con mia ostrema mortificazzione mi sono indotto a scriverle questi quattro versi, necessitato a ciò fare dalle replicate istanze, che di questo mi vengono continuamente fatte dal Signor Bigot. M'impone egli per tanto, che io la riverisca nel primo luogo in suo nome, e doppo da sua parte le accenni, come il Signor Scheffero è in breve per dar in luce una nuova editione delle Favole di Fedro con sue annotazioni, e per questo, che ella farebbe un grandissimo favore non solo al detto Signor Scheffero, mì ancora a tutta la Republica letteraria, mentre ella volesse onorarlo di mandargli le dottissime, ed ingegnosissime annotazioni, che ha sopra 'l detto purissimo scrittore, e l'assicura che come è il dovere, il Signor Scheffero, o le fara stampare in fine del libro, come di V. S. Illustrissima, o pure le metterà, tra le sue scrivendo però di haverle accette da lei. Io gia bò più volte risposto al Signor Bigot, che l'avrei servito, mì che non credevo, che in questo negozzio potesse essere conclusione alcuna, mediante il sapere, che ella non haveva ne meno voluto dare queste note al Signor Fabro. Ma replicandomi esso, che ella al Signor Scheffero forse le concederà, e che anche il Signor Cinsio gli hà dato tutto quello, che haveva sopra questo Autore, bò stimato mio debito lo scriverle questi quattro versi, per avvisarlelo, come ero obligato a fare. L'aria comincia a riscaldare, ed il Signor Dati, il Signor Cavalcanti ed io l'appettiamo qua con grandissima impazzienza, per non parlare di molti altri amici, e della nostra libreria di S. Lorenzo, la quale è infallibilmente per ricevere più fama da lei, che da qualsvoglia altro letterato. Non indugi ella per tanto a consolarci con la sua dottissima, e gentilissima conversazione, ed io a nome de detti diui amici, emio ancora, ne la supplico con ogni maggior caldezza possibile. Il Signor Dottor Redi qui presente mi impone di riverirla in suo nome, ed insieme pregarla a scusarlo, mentre ella fu qua, non hebbe campo di riverirla, e servirla come se deve al suo merito. Era egli veramente in quel tempo occupatissimo, o particolarmente appresso il Gran Duca, il quale fa non poco conto di esso, l'assicuro, che risarcira questi mancamenti, quando ellaritornerà qua, I
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TO MARQ. GUDIUM, LETTER. 65 this one, because, as I have already said after having spoken to him about it many times, yesterday at last he was displeased, and to speak frankly, not without some reason. With this my letter serving for nothing else, I beg you, in my name, to pay respects to your most gracious Signor Compagno, and I salute you. From Casa, the 19th of December 1662. Of Your Most Illustrious Lordship. Most devoted servant, ANTONINO MAGLIABECCHI. LETTER XXIX. Most Illustrious Sir and Most Honored Patron. In Rome. I know how precious time is to very learned men like yourself, and for this reason, to my great mortification, I have been led to write you these four lines, compelled to do so by the repeated requests that are continually made of me by Signor Bigot. He therefore commands me to salute you first in his name, and then on his behalf to inform you how Signor Scheffero will shortly publish a new edition of the Fables of Phaedrus with his annotations, and for this reason, that you would do a very great favor not only to the said Signor Scheffero, but also to the whole republic of letters, if you would deign to send him the most learned and ingenious annotations that you have on that most pure writer; and he assures you that, as is fitting, Signor Scheffero will either have them printed at the end of the book, as by Your Most Illustrious Lordship, or else will place them among his own, while writing, however, that he received them from you. I have already replied to Signor Bigot several times that I would serve him, but that I did not believe that any conclusion could be reached in this matter, since I knew that you had not even wished to give these notes to Signor Fabro. But since he repeats to me that perhaps you will grant them to Signor Scheffero, and that Signor Cinsio too has given him everything he had on this Author, I have deemed it my duty to write you these four lines, to let you know, as I was obliged to do. The air is beginning to warm, and Signor Dati, Signor Cavalcanti, and I are waiting for you here with the greatest impatience, not to mention many other friends, and our library of S. Lorenzo, which is certainly to receive more fame from you than from any other man of letters. Do not delay, therefore, to comfort us with your most learned and most gracious conversation, and I, in the name of those said divine friends and in my own name as well, most earnestly beseech you. Signor Doctor Redi, who is present here, bids me salute you in his name, and at the same time begs you to excuse him, since while you were here he had no opportunity to pay his respects to you, and to serve you as your merit deserves. He was indeed at that time very occupied, especially with the Grand Duke, who holds him in no small regard; I assure you that he will make up for these omissions when you return here, I
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quà, essendo veramente cortesissimo, e gentilissimo in sommo grado. Per non le far perdere il tempo interamente, le avviserò qui alcune novità letterarie, in confuso però, e come prima mi verranno alla memoria. In Padova si stampa la Minerva Sanziana dello Scioppio. Il Seneca Tragico del Signor Gronovio è finito di stampare. Il Signor Bigot lavora gágliardamente per quello, che mi scrive sopra la Vita di S. Crisostomo di Palladio, ed in breve la farà stampare con alcune sue annotazzioni, come anche in breve farà ristampare il Labretto del Signor Francesco Bernardino Ferrari de Sacris Concionibus. Il Signor Tomaso Bartolini hà dedicato al nostro Gran Duca un'operetta intitolata Cista Medica &c. e la manda al Signor Dati perche la presenti. Il Signor Elzevirio si offerisce di ristampare il Vocabulario della Crusca con le giuntel, che gli saranno mandate, superbissimamente e correttissimamente, contentandosi di rifare tutti i fogli ne' quali fossero scorsi errori di qualche considerazzione. Si aspetta che torni il Principe Leopoldo per risolvere quello, che in questo particolare si dovrà fare. Con che mancandomi il tempo, ed inoltrenon volendo maggiormente abusarmi della sua cortesia con la lunghezza, faro fine col supplicarla dell' onore de' suoi comandi, baciarle affettuosamente le mani, riverirla. Di V. S. Illustrissima. Devotissimo servidore. ANTONIO MAGLIABECCHI. EPISTOLA XXX. Molto Illustre, e Reverendissimo Padre Signore, e Padrone Colendissimo Stephano Angeli. In Venezia, E sarà consegnata questa mia da letterato di somma erudizione, e di perfettissimo giudizzo, al quale desidero io con ogni maggior affetto di servire in ogni, e qualsivoglia cosa, che da me dependa, onde avendomi esso detto, che venendo costà desiderava di haver qualche amicizzia con il Custode della celebre libraria dicotesta Città, non havendo io seco amicizzia nè servitù di alcuna sorte; non ho per lo meno voluto mancare di accompagnarlo con la presente, parendomi di haver da lei già sentito dire, che il detto Signor Custode era suo Amico, e perciò avrà ella facilmente campo di favorirlo col raccomandarlo ad esso, del che le ne resterò io eternamente tenuto, ascrivendo questo al numero degli altri favori, che dalla sua sola gentilezza, ed intieramente contro ogni mio merito mi sono stati conferiti. Circa a nuove letterarie intorno a cose Matematiche me viene scritto d'Anversa, che si stampano alcuni opuscoli postumi del Padre Tacquet, e di Parigi, che il Signor Bullaldo fa stampare, non mi soviene che opera di Tolomeo, non mai per l'innanzi stampata. Corre anche quà fama, che il Signor Ugenio habbia stampata una Dio ptrica;
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there, being truly very courteous and of the highest kindness. In order not to make her lose her time entirely, I shall here inform her of some literary novelties, though in confused fashion, and as they first come to my memory. In Padua the Minerva Sanziana of Scioppio is being printed. The tragic Seneca of Signor Gronovio has finished printing. Signor Bigot is working vigorously on that which he writes to me concerning the Life of St. Chrysostom by Palladio, and shortly he will have it printed with some of his annotations, as he will also shortly have reprinted the booklet of Signor Francesco Bernardino Ferrari, De Sacris Concionibus. Signor Tomaso Bartolini has dedicated to our Grand Duke a little work entitled Cista Medica &c., and sends it to Signor Dati so that he may present it. Signor Elzevirio offers to reprint the Vocabulario della Crusca with the additions that shall be sent to him, most superbly and correctly, contenting himself with redoing all the sheets in which errors of any importance may have occurred. It is expected that Prince Leopoldo will return in order to decide what in this particular should be done. And since I lack time, and further do not wish to abuse your courtesy with a longer letter, I shall end by begging you for the honor of your commands, kissing your hands affectionately, and paying you my respects. Of Your Most Illustrious Lordship, Most devoted servant, ANTONIO MAGLIABECCHI. EPISTOLA XXX. To the Most Illustrious and Most Reverend Father, Lord, and Most Esteemed Patron Stephano Angeli. In Venice, And this letter of mine will be delivered by a man of letters of the highest erudition and most perfect judgment, whom I desire with all possible affection to serve in every and any matter that depends on me; and since he has told me that, on coming there, he desired to have some friendship with the Keeper of the celebrated library of that City, I having neither friendship nor service of any kind with him, have at least not wished to fail to accompany him with the present letter, it seeming to me that I have already heard you say that the said Signor Keeper was his Friend, and therefore you will easily have occasion to favor him by recommending him to him, for which I shall remain eternally obliged to you, counting this among the other favors that have been granted to me by your sole kindness, and entirely against all my merits. Concerning literary news about mathematical matters, I am written from Antwerp that some posthumous pamphlets of Father Tacquet are being printed, and from Paris that Signor Bullaldo is having printed, I do not recall what work of Ptolemy, never before printed. It is also rumored here that Signor Ugenio has printed a Dio ptrica;
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 67 p[er]tica; è ben vero che a me non è noto di dove tal nuova habbia origine, giache pochi giorni sono havendone io domandato il Serenissimo l'principe Leopoldo, mirispose non saperne niente. Quà viviamo curiosissimi di sapere, che cosa vada meditando il suo dottissimo, e fertilissimo ingegno, non mai a'avezzo a star in ozzio, mò bensi incontro all' in continua fatica, come dimostrano le sue tante, e dottissime opere in cosi poco spazio di tempo publicate. Con che per non tediarla d'avantaggio, col supplicarla dell' onore de' suoi da me desideratissimi comandi, eriverirla, mi sotto scrivo. Di V. Paternità Molto Illustrè, Reverendissima. Devotissimo, ed obligatissimo servo. ANTONIO MAGLIABECCHI. EPISTOLA XXXI. Signor Padron Mio Osservandissimo. Riceverà V. S. con questa mia lettera in un' altro foglio la copia della maggior parte delle antiche iscrittioni, che io hò in una mia villa raccolte, mentre da fondamenti l'edificai. Mandero appresso la copia delle altre; e se in questa, che invio, ella vi hà qualche difficoltà, mene dia avviso, che la vi farò di nuovo con caratteri piu chiari. Io certamente crederò di haver conseguito il mio fine, comunicandole con V. S. che le renderà più famose, e più immortali; posciache non può dubitarsi, che anche i sassi vengon' meno; e passando forse questa mia villa in poter d'altri, anco studiosamente verranno maltrattati, il che voglia Iddio, che non segua anche in mia vita, già che sarò costretto di farne vendita a vilissimo prezzo, per non haver aperir di fame, o di alltro peggior male, potendomi difendere da molti invidiosi della mia quiete, che non lascieranno anco di nuovo insultarmi, e non trovo in chi può cadere la vendetta, o la difesa. Questo è l'frutto, che raccoglie delle sue lodate fatiche buomo da bene; e chi dimostra volerlo favorire nol fa con altro aiuto, che con honorevoli, e larghe parole. Ma non m'auveggio, che il mio dolore mi ho trasportato a molestar V. S. che non può far altro, che compatirmi in questa mia infirmità, e d'ogn' altra inciviltà seco usata. Con che mi taccio riverendola; a chi insieme con il Signor Samuele con ogni sincerissimo affetto bacio le mani: di Capua del di 2 Aprile 1662. Di V. S. Illustrissima. Affettionatissimo servidore, e devotissimo. CAMILLO PELLEGRINO. EPISTOLA XXXII. Molto Illustrè Signore, e Padrone mio Osservandissimo. In Roma. SEnto dispiacere, è maraviglia grande, che si siano smarrite le mie lettere, che scrissi a V. S. per lo sequente procaccio doppo il suo partire, con il quale accom- I 2
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TO MARQ. GUDIUM’S LETTER. 67 part; and it is quite true that I do not know from where such news has taken its origin, since a few days ago, having asked the Most Serene Prince Leopoldo about it, he replied that he knew nothing of it. Here we live most curious to know what his most learned and fertile mind is meditating, never accustomed to remain idle, but rather always in continual labor, as his many and most learned works, published in so short a space of time, demonstrate. So then, lest I bore you further, I beg you for the honor of your most desired commands from me, and I remain, Of Your Most Illustrious Paternity, Most Reverend, Your most devoted and obliged servant, ANTONIO MAGLIABECCHI. EPISTLE XXXI. My Most Honored Lord and Master, With this letter Your Lordship will receive, in another sheet, the copy of the greater part of the ancient inscriptions that I have gathered in one of my villas, while I was building it from the foundations. I shall send afterward the copy of the others; and if in this one that I send there should be any difficulty, let me know, and I shall have it made over again with clearer characters. I shall certainly believe that I have achieved my purpose, by sharing them with Your Lordship, who will make them more famous and more immortal; since it cannot be doubted that even stones wear away; and perhaps if this my villa passes into others’ hands, they too will, even with study, be maltreated, which God forbid should also happen in my lifetime, since I shall be forced to sell it for a very low price, so as not to die of hunger, or of some other worse evil, being able to defend myself against many who envy my peace, who will not fail again to insult me, and I find in whom the vengeance or the defense may fall. This is the fruit that a good man reaps from his praiseworthy labors; and whoever shows a wish to favor him does so with no other aid than with honorable and generous words. But I do not realize that my sorrow has carried me away to trouble Your Lordship, who can do nothing else than take pity on me in this my infirmity, and on every other discourtesy done to you. So I fall silent, reverencing you; and to you, together with Signor Samuele, with every most sincere affection I kiss the hands: from Capua, on the 2nd of April 1662. Of Your Most Illustrious Lordship, Most affectionate servant, and most devoted, CAMILLO PELLEGRINO. EPISTLE XXXII. Most Illustrious Sir and My Most Honored Master, In Rome. I feel displeasure, and great wonder, that my letters should have gone astray, which I wrote to Your Lordship by the next courier after your departure, with whom accom- I 2
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DOCTORUM VIRORUM accompagnai un foglio intieramento pieno di molte antiche iscrittioni, che già raccolzi in una mia villa; Ma forse ella le haverà ricercate nel luogo vol- garmente detto la staffetta; dovendo ricercarle in quello del sudetto procaccio, del qual scambio havendone alcun dubbio, scrissi ad un mio amico, che risiede in Roma ne le havesse dato avviso; siche spero, che a questo punto potra haverle recuperati. Ingiongo bora la copia del resto delle altre iscrittioni, che nella medesima villa collocai, e di alcune altre, che sono in Capoa, nè fin hora divulgate. Gradirà la sua gentilezza questo affecto mio verso il suo piacere, e Sara questo il mio sommo preggio fra le acerbissime suenture mie. Hebbi la honoratissima sua trovandomi in letto, donde borascrivo, et il morbo non stesso, ma per la mia età, e più per i dispiaceri di animo alquanto grave, non mi permette di poterle dar risposta a gusto mio mentre ho voluto, che prevaglia il suo gusto, e consumar il mio debole vigore nella copia sudetta più tosto, che in una più prolissa lettera. La onde più finisco, supplicandola a donarmi poi avviso del suo partire, e le havero a mandarle di nuovo la copia delle prime iscrittioni. In tanto a V.S. con affetto sincero bacio le mani, et sognosamente al Signor Samuele. Di Capoa del di 22 de Aprile. 1663. Di V.S. Illustrissima. Affettionatissimo, edevotissimo. CAMILLO PELLEGRINO EPISTOLA XXXIII. MONSIEUR, Les vostres du 14 Octobre m'ont esté renduës seulement le 7 du courant, de lmaniere scachant que vous estes partys de Florence, et ne scachant où addresser le miennes, javois deliberé de ny point respondre, veu nommément que la mesme semaine, que vous partistes de Rome, je vous escrivis, qu'ayant commencé a vous servir, javois esté advertis, que le Signeur Cardinal Barberin avoit dessein de les faire imprimer, et que s'il venoit a sa cognoissance, qu'elles ayent esté communiquées, il en seroit offencé. Maintenant je vous donne advis, qu'il y a un certain de Luques, qui fait imprimer le Martyrologe enrichy de rares notes, entre lesquelles sont celles de feu M. Holstenio, et dit on qu'il sortira bien tost en lumiere, et il y aura moyen de contenter vostre curiosité. J'espere de vostre bonté, que vous me pardonnerez, si je ne vous ay point servy en ce point, croyez que ça esté a mon grand regret; mais pour vous parler avec ma sincerité ordinaire, on me l'a deffendu si expressément, que j'ay eueur d'encourir quelque disgrace auprès dudit Sig. Card. En toutte autre chose, qui despendra de moy, lors qu'il vous plaira me commander, vous me trouverez tousiours prompt a vous servir, et vous tesmoigner par effect qui je suis, Monsieur, Vostre très-obeissant serv. D. BENNOIST ARNOULD de l'estroitte observance de la Reigle de S. Bennoist. De Rome ce 9. Xbre. 1662. EPISTO-
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DOCTORUM VIRORUM I accompanied a sheet entirely full of many ancient inscriptions, which I had already collected in one of my villas; but perhaps you have sought them in the place commonly called the staffetta; you ought rather to have sought them in that of the said procaccio, concerning which exchange having had some doubt, I wrote to a friend of mine who lives in Rome to give you notice of it; so I hope that by now you may have recovered them. I now enclose the copy of the rest of the other inscriptions, which I placed in the same villa, and of some others that are in Capua, not yet published. Your kindness will appreciate this affection of mine toward your pleasure, and this will be my greatest reward amid my bitterest misfortunes. I received your most honorable letter while lying in bed, from where I now write, and the illness itself, though not severe, but because of my age, and more because of mental troubles somewhat grave, does not allow me to answer you as I would wish; I have therefore wanted your pleasure to prevail, and to spend my weak strength on the aforesaid copy rather than on a longer letter. So I end, begging you to let me know afterward of your departure, and I shall have to send you again the copy of the first inscriptions. In the meantime, to Your Lordship, with sincere affection I kiss your hands, and likewise to Signor Samuele. From Capua, on the 22nd of April, 1663. Of Your Most Illustrious Lordship, Most affectionate and most devoted, CAMILLO PELLEGRINO EPISTLE XXXIII. MONSIEUR, Your letters of October 14 were delivered to me only on the 7th of this month, in such a way that, knowing you had left Florence and not knowing where to address mine, I had decided not to reply at all, especially since the very week that you left Rome, I wrote to you that, having begun to serve you, I had been warned that Lord Cardinal Barberini had the intention of having them printed, and that if it came to his knowledge that they had been communicated, he would be offended. Now I inform you that there is a certain man from Lucca who is printing the Martyrology enriched with rare notes, among which are those of the late M. Holstenius, and it is said that it will soon appear in the light, and there will be a way to satisfy your curiosity. I hope, from your kindness, that you will pardon me if I have not served you in this matter; believe that it has been to my great regret; but, to speak to you with my usual sincerity, it was so expressly forbidden to me that I would have run the risk of incurring some disgrace with the said Lord Cardinal. In everything else that depends on me, whenever you please to command me, you will always find me ready to serve you and to show by deed who I am. Monsieur, Your most obedient servant, D. BENNOIST ARNOULD, of the strict observance of the Rule of St. Benedict. From Rome, this 9th day of December 1662. EPISTO-
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 69 EPISTOLA XXXIV. MONSIEUR, Ie ne scay si c'est a vous, où a M. Pluymer que je dois faire des re- proches de ce que je me trouve tous les jours trompé dans les esperances, qu'il me donne de vostre retour en ces quartiers; je vous supplie de m'apprendre ce que j'en dois croire, et si je puis esperer de vous voir entre icy et la fin du mois de juin. Le mesme M. Pluymer m'a dit que luy aviéz fait quel- que mention d'un voyage allemand imprimè depuis peu en Holstein, il y a un endroit dedans sur le quel j'avrois bien des questions a faire a celuy, qui en est l'Auteur; si vous le voyez Monsieur, je vous prie de luy faire bien des que- stions sur l'histoire de son evazion, il ne nous dit rien de la langue et de la po- lice de ces Tartares, chez les quels il aueçu, il ne dit rien de leurs arts, de la situation de leur pays, n'y de ce qui regarde l'histoire naturelle, et dit, si je m'en souviens bien, qu'en neuf jours de chemin il passa d'Arkelan dans le Tur- kestan; j'aymerois mieux, qu'il nous eut donné les particularités de ce petit voyage, que tout ce qu'il rapporte des Indes et des autres pays ou il a esté, qui sont deja asséz connues par les autres nations. Si vous le voyés Monsieur, je vous prie de luy faire bien des questions sur tous ces sujets, mais sur tout de me faire l'honneur de m'ecrire, quand je puis esperer de vous voir icy, ou je vous attends avec grande impatience. On m'a dit qu'il y avoit un livre qui traite des abeilles imprimè en Dannemarck, je vous prie, le mettre entre les livres que vous rapporterés de ce pays-là; si vous le trouvez, il est écrit en langue Dannoi- se. Ie serois aussi bien aise de savoir, si M. Olearius a reçu le livre, que je luy ay envoyé, et si vous voyés encore le cabinet du Duc de Holstein, que vous vous fissiés montrer ces planches de la Chine, dont M. Olearius parle dans les notes, et qu'il dit avoir servy a l'impression de quelque livre. Vostre treshumble & tresobeissant serviteur, THEVENOT. A Amsterdam ce 13. Juin 1669. EPISTOLA XXXV. MONSIEUR, I'apprens avec beaucoup de joye, que vous êtes de retour en Hollande en bon- ne santé, il y a quelque temps que je l'attendois, pour vous donner avis, que j'ai trouvé enfin un Diophante entier et bien conditionné, que je vous en- voyerai, quand j'aurai de vos nouvelles. Présentement que vous êtes dans la ville du plus grand commerce du monde, je vous conjure de vouloir vous com- muniquer un peu plus, que vous n'avez fait par le passé: de mon côté je vous promets, que je vous manderai ce qui se faira de plus considerable en ces quar- tiers dans la Litterature. Pour commencer, je vous dirai que Mr. le Febvre de 13 Sau-
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TO MARQ. GUDIUM, LETTERS. 69 LETTER XXXIV. SIR, I do not know whether it is to you, or to Mr. Pluymer, that I must make reproaches for finding myself every day deceived in the hopes he gives me of your return to these parts; I beg you to let me know what I am to believe of it, and whether I may hope to see you here before the end of the month of June. The same Mr. Pluymer told me that you had made some mention of a German voyage recently printed in Holstein; there is a passage in it about which I should have many questions to ask the author; if you see him, Sir, I beg you to ask him many questions about the story of his escape; he tells us nothing of the language or the policy of those Tartars among whom he lived, he says nothing of their arts, of the situation of their country, nor of what concerns natural history, and says, if I remember rightly, that in nine days' journey he passed from Arkelan into Turkestan; I should have preferred that he had given us the particulars of that little journey rather than all that he reports of the Indies and of the other countries where he has been, which are already sufficiently known by other nations. If you see him, Sir, I beg you to ask him many questions on all these subjects, but above all to do me the honour of writing to me when I may hope to see you here, where I await you with great impatience. I have been told that there is a book treating of bees printed in Denmark; I beg you to include it among the books you bring back from that country; if you find it, it is written in the Danish language. I should also be very glad to know whether Mr. Olearius has received the book I sent him, and, if you see the Duke of Holstein's cabinet still, that you would have them show you those Chinese plates of which Mr. Olearius speaks in the notes, and which he says served for the printing of some book. Your most humble and most obedient servant, THEVENOT. At Amsterdam, this 13th June 1669. LETTER XXXV. SIR, I learn with much joy that you are back in Holland in good health; for some time I have been expecting this in order to let you know that I have finally found a complete and well-preserved Diophantus, which I shall send you when I have news from you. Now that you are in the city of the greatest commerce in the world, I beg you to communicate with me a little more than you have done in the past: on my side I promise you that I shall send you what is done of most importance in these parts in Literature. To begin, I will tell you that Mr. le Febvre of 13 Sau-
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70 DOCTORUM VIRORUM Saumur a rendu tous ses Livres, et a resolu de passer le reste de ses jours dans une vie douce et paisible en continuant ses exercices du College, qui lui appor- tent du profit, et partant il n'y a plus gueres de chose à esperer de lui. Mr. Huet a fait imprimer en François un Livre de l'origine des Romans, qui est fort curieux et docte. Le Pere le Moine Iesuite a publié une Dissertation de l'art de l'Histoire; il y reprend en quelques endroits feu Mr. Vossius, et ce sous le bon-plaisir de Mr. Vossius, qu'il dit estimer infiniment, et qui scachant la raillerie, ne lui faira pas un procès, comme un galant homme lui en avoit voulu faire un dans la Cour la plus galante du plus scavant Prince d'Italie, à l'occasion de son Livre des Devises, je croi qu'il veut parler de Florence. Le t'ere Vavasseur aussi Iesuite a fait imprimer un Livre de Epigrammate, qui est fort estimé pour être écrit tres-poliment. Si vous allez à Utrecht, (ou quand vous écrirez à Mr. Graevius) je vous prie de voir dans la Bibliotheque C. in folio Io. Chrylstomi opus imperfectum in Matthæum. Idem in Iohannem translatus a Burgundione judice cive Pisano, ut eo redimeret animam filii sui Hugolini mortui in itinere Constantinopolitano anno 1178. Ce Livre est MSS. in membran. Ie voudrois bien avoir la Lettre de ce Burgundion là, s'il y en a quelqu'une en tête de cette Traduction, et de plus vingt ou trente lignes de cette Traduction, afin de voir si elle est bonne ou non. De plus je ferois bien aise, desçavoir si ce MSS. est en parchemin ou papier, et s'il contient toutes les Homelies sur S. Iean. La Traduction qui est imprimée est d'Aretin et fort defectuense. J'ai lu dans le Catalogue de la Bibliotheque d'Amsterdam, qu'il y avoit un Plutarque Grec, tout noté à la marge par Hadrien Iunius avec des observations, voyez ce que c'est. Pendant mon incommodité je lis cet Auteur, et trouve beaucoup à ajouter à toutes les éditions, qu'on en a faites. Petrus Suffridi en a traduit quelques Traitez avec des Notes, que je voudrois bien avoir; si vous les rencontriez ne les laissez point aller. Si vous avez besoin de quelques Livres de ces quartiers-ci, mandez les moi librement, et je tâcherai de les pouvoir rencontrer. Ie prendrai à la pareille la même liberté. Par exemple, il me manque Diodorus Siculus Grec-Latin de Francfort, si vous le trouviez à bon compte, vous m'obligerez de me l'acheter. J'ai quelques Commentateurs d'Aristote doubles, mais je n'ai point les Rheateurs d'Alde; scavoir les deux volumes qui contiennent Hermogenes, Menander, et c. avec les Commentateurs. Si vous venez jamais à Rouen, vous trouverez nôtre Bibliotheque augmentée d'un tiers. Le Pere Cambesis Iacobin reformé a fait imprimer vôtre Hippolyte avec une Traduction, et ce dans un volume in folio, pour tenir d'addition à la Bibliotheque des Peres. Ce volume n'est pas encore public. Si vous voulez ajouter quelques Notes sur Hippolyte, il est de ma connoissance, et j'ose vous promettre, qu'il imprimeroit tout ce que vous lui envoyerez. Un mien ami, qui fait un Catalogue très-exact des MSS. Grecs de la Bibliotheque du Roi, m'a mandé qu'on avoit envoyé au Roy, de Constantinople soixante MSS. Grecs très-anciens, qui ne contiennent, que
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70 DOCTORUM VIRORUM Saumur has returned all its books, and has resolved to spend the rest of his days in a gentle and peaceful life, continuing his exercises at the College, which bring him profit, and therefore there is scarcely anything more to be hoped for from him. Mr. Huet has had a book printed in French on the origin of Romances, which is very curious and learned. Father le Moine, Jesuit, has published a Dissertation on the art of History; in it he reproves in some places the late Mr. Vossius, and that with the good pleasure of Mr. Vossius, whom he says he esteems infinitely, and who, knowing raillery, will not bring a lawsuit against him, as a gallant man once wanted to do to him in the most gallant court of the most learned Prince of Italy, on the occasion of his book of Devices; I believe he means to speak of Florence. Father Vavasseur, also a Jesuit, has had printed a book De Epigrammate, which is highly esteemed for being written very elegantly. If you go to Utrecht, (or when you write to Mr. Graevius) I beg you to look in the Library C. in folio Io. Chrysostomi opus imperfectum in Matthæum. Idem in Iohannem translated by Burgundio, judge, citizen of Pisa, in order thereby to redeem the soul of his son Hugolino, who died on the journey to Constantinople in the year 1178. This book is MSS. on parchment. I should very much like to have the letter of this Burgundio, if there is any such thing at the head of this translation, and in addition twenty or thirty lines of this translation, in order to see whether it is good or not. Besides, I should be very glad to know whether this MSS. is on parchment or paper, and whether it contains all the homilies on St. John. The translation which is printed is by Aretinus and very defective. I read in the Catalogue of the Library of Amsterdam that there was a Greek Plutarch, all annotated in the margin by Hadrian Junius with observations; see what it is. During my illness I am reading this author, and find much to add to all the editions that have been made of him. Petrus Suffridi has translated some treatises of his with notes, which I should very much like to have; if you come across them, do not let them go. If you need any books from these parts, let me know freely, and I shall try to find them. I shall take the same liberty in return. For example, I am lacking the Greek-Latin Diodorus Siculus of Frankfurt; if you find it at a good price, you will oblige me by buying it for me. I have some duplicate commentators on Aristotle, but I do not have Aldus’s rhetoricians; namely the two volumes which contain Hermogenes, Menander, etc., with the commentators. If you ever come to Rouen, you will find our library enlarged by a third. Father Cambesis, a reformed Jacobin, has had your Hippolytus printed with a translation, and that in a folio volume, to serve as an addition to the Library of the Fathers. This volume is not yet public. If you wish to add some notes on Hippolytus, he is known to me, and I dare promise you that he would print anything you send him. A friend of mine, who is making a very exact Catalogue of the Greek MSS. of the King’s Library, wrote to me that there had been sent to the King, from Constantinople, sixty very ancient Greek MSS., which contain only,
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 71 que des Homelies déja imprimées. Quand vous verrez Mr. Vossius, je vous supplie, de l'assurer de mes tres-humbles services. Mandez moi, s'il vous plait, ce qu'il fait, et s'il ne fait rien imprimer. A Rouen ce 4 Janvier 1670. Le tout vôtre BIGOT. EPISTOLA XXXVI. MONSIEUR, Depuis que j'ai eu l'honneur de vous voir à Rouen, j'ai tousjours été in- commodé d'une fluxion sur la gencive deux mois en Normandie, et de- puis deux mois, que je suis à Paris, je suis entre les mains des Chirurgiens. A mon arrivée je n'eus, que trois ou quatre jours libres pour me promener. En ce temps-là je vis Mr. Marbre Cramoisi, à qui je parlai du Diophante, que vous m'avez baillé pour lui échanger, il me dit que les trois ou quatre, qui lui restoient, étoient semblables, et je ne fis rien avec lui; aujourdhui que je commence à sortir, je lui ai parlé et donné le Diophante, qu'il vous à ven- du, il m'a dit, qu'il cherchoit, s'il n'en avoit point d'entiers, même à ma presence, il en a trouvé un de grand papier entier, qui dit valoir vingt francs, je n'en voudrois à ce prix. Ie vous prie de me mander quel Livre vous desireriez, que je prisse pour vous envoyer en cas, qu'il n'en c'est point en petit papier d'entiers. Le Livre de Mr. Allatius de Simeonibus est achevé d'imprimer, le Pere Cambesis, qui en a le soin de l'édition, y a ajouté plusieurs anciennes pieces Grecques, qui regardent l'Histoire de Constantinople. Ce volume est assès curieux. Ce Pere reprend souvent dans ses Notes Mr. Lambecius. Le Pere Labbe fait imprimer un Catalogue des Catalogues de tous ceux, qui ont écrit des Catalogue de Bibliothèque, d'Imprimerie, de Vies, d'Eloges; un autre de tous ceux, qui ont écrit des Medailles et des Monnoyes; et un troi- sieme de ceux, qui ont écrit des choses antiques. Ce Recueil ne sera pas mau- vais. On a imprimé et publié à Rome Passio SS. Perpetuæ & Felicitatis cum Notis Lucæ Holstenii, je les ai vûs et lûs à Paris; de plus Vita Bonifacii Romani, et Notæ Lucæ Holstenii in Martyrologium Romanum Baronii. Le Petave, doit être achevé d'imprimer à Padoue, depuis qu'on m'a écrit qu'il étoit déja avancé d'être imprimé. Mr. le Febvre de Saumeur fait reim- primer les Notes sur le Phaedrus, du plusôt que cette édition paroitra, je vous en envoyerai une copie par Mr. Elzevier. Si vous desirez quelque Livre de ces quartiers, je vous conjure de me le mander familierement, et je vous pro- mets que je vous les envoyerai. J'attens les Catalogues, que vous m'avez promis des MSS. que vous avez apportez d'Italie, des Livres imprimez doubles que vous avez, et de plus je vous prie de me mander, si vous ne songez point à faire imprimer quelque chose. Ie vous prie d'assurer Mr. Chas de mes très-humbles services, et de vous bien persuader, que je suis de tout mon cœur Monsieur, Vôtre très-humble & très-obeissant serviteur BIGOT. De Paris ce 15 Fevrier 1664. EPI-
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AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPISTOLA. 71 which are of the Homilies already printed. When you see Mr. Vossius, I beg you to assure him of my very humble services. Let me know, if you please, what he is doing, and whether he is printing nothing. At Rouen, this 4th of January, 1670. All yours, BIGOT. EPISTOLA XXXVI. SIR, Since I had the honor of seeing you at Rouen, I have always been troubled by a fluxion on the gum for two months in Normandy, and for the past two months, since I have been in Paris, I have been in the hands of the Surgeons. On my arrival I had only three or four free days to walk about. During that time I saw Mr. Marbre Cramoisi, to whom I spoke about the Diophantus you gave me to exchange for him; he told me that the three or four copies remaining to him were alike, and I did nothing with him; today, as I begin to go out, I have spoken to him and given him the Diophantus, which he sold to you; he told me that he was looking, if he had no complete copies, even in my presence, he found one on large paper, complete, which he says is worth twenty francs; I would not want it at that price. I beg you to tell me what book you would like me to take for you to send in case there are no complete copies on small paper. Mr. Allatius’s book on the Simeonibus is finished printing; Father Cambesis, who has charge of the edition, has added to it several ancient Greek pieces relating to the History of Constantinople. This volume is quite curious. This Father often criticizes Mr. Lambecius in his Notes. Father Labbe is having printed a Catalogue of the Catalogues of all those who have written Catalogues of Libraries, Printing, Lives, Eulogies; another of all those who have written on Medals and Coins; and a third of those who have written on ancient matters. This collection will not be bad. At Rome there has been printed and published Passio SS. Perpetuæ & Felicitatis cum Notis Lucæ Holstenii; I have seen and read them in Paris; moreover, Vita Bonifacii Romani, and Notæ Lucæ Holstenii in Martyrologium Romanum Baronii. The Petavius should be finished printing at Padua, since I was told that it was already far advanced in printing. Mr. le Febvre de Saumeur is reprinting the Notes on Phaedrus; as soon as this edition appears, I will send you a copy through Mr. Elzevier. If you desire any book from these parts, I beg you most earnestly to let me know, and I promise that I will send them to you. I await the Catalogues you promised me of the MSS. you brought back from Italy, of the duplicate printed books you have, and moreover I beg you to let me know whether you are not thinking of printing something. I beg you to assure Mr. Chas of my very humble services, and to be well persuaded that I am with all my heart, Sir, Your very humble and very obedient servant, BIGOT. From Paris, this 15th of February, 1664. EPI-
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72 DOCTORUM VIRORUM EPISTOLA XXXVII. MONSIEUR, J'ai reçu par Mr. Helmius la lettre, que vous m'avez fait l'honneur de m'écrire, et les varies leçons du Manuscript Tartique, sur quoi je voudrois sçavoir de vous, si vous croyez, qu'estant ce traité, comme j'en donne, ainsi un mélange unie de divers Auteurs, et particulierement de Vilicius et de Leon l'Empereur, vaille la peine de s'employer à y travailler. I'attens le reste des collations que vous me fairez l'honneur de m'envoyer par la voye de Mr. Dati ou Magliabecchi, je n'oublie pas vos commandemens, et en temps et lieu je vous fairai paroitre, par les effets le soin que j'en ai. Dès que le Livre des antiquitez de Trivoli sera achevé, je l'envoyerai à Venise sous l'adresse, que vous m'avez donné. Sans le retour de Mr. l'Abbé Gradi, qui est à present auprès de Monseigneur Rassoni à Sienne, on ne sçauroit pas voir le Manuscrit de Petronius. Mr. Spanheim revient de son voyage, il y a quinze jours, comme vous aurez peut-être déja sçû. Je tâcherai d'apprendre à Mr. Helmius par toute sorte de services l'estime, que je fais de vos recommandations. Ie vous prie d'assurer Mr. Samuel de mon très-humble respect, et suis avec passion Votre très-obéissant serviteur BALCONINUS. EPISTOLA XXXVIII. D. BERNHARDO ROTTENDORFIO. S.D. I. Fred. Gronovius. Monasterium, Qui tradiderunt has tibi, Cl. VV. Marquardus Gudius Holsatus & Sciasius Hagensis, & boni sunt bonis prognati, & omni liberali doctrina cultissimi. Quicquid est tota Gallia & Italia nobilium bibliothecarum, non perlustrarunt modo, sed & excusserunt: multos antiquissimos codices contulerunt aut descripserunt: multos ære suo pararunt ac possident: in his & in illis observata plurima, quæ adhuc ignoravimus, brevi sunt cum Deo benevolente in lucem daturi, toti in literis & literarum causa viventes, opesque & operas inter se communicantes. Et hujus etiam peregrinationis non alia illis causa est, quam ut Germaniæ pluteos percenseant. Vides quam rarum & incomparabile par ad te allegarim: quam dignum, ut tuas quoque eo in genere divitias expositas videant. Quare te oro atque obsecro, ut humanitatem tuam, cujus mea prædicatio mirificam illis exspectationem commovit; omnem, si cui unquam, illis recludas & exhibeas. Antexegesin alteram, quam jamdudum ad te misi, puto te recte accipisse. Hi tradent & Plautum, quem quod excerptis Torrentianis ju- vare
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72 OF LEARNED MEN LETTER XXXVII. SIR, I have received through Mr. Helmius the letter with which you honored me by writing to me, and the various readings of the Tartic manuscript, concerning which I would like to know from you whether you believe that, since this treatise is, as I set it out, a single mixture of various authors, and especially of Vilicius and of the Emperor Leo, it is worth the trouble to work on it. I await the rest of the collations which you will honor me by sending through Mr. Dati or Magliabecchi; I do not forget your commands, and in due time I shall make my care appear to you through my actions. As soon as the book on the antiquities of Tivoli is finished, I shall send it to Venice to the address you gave me. Without the return of Mr. Abbé Gradi, who is now with Monseigneur Rassoni in Siena, one could not see the manuscript of Petronius. Mr. Spanheim returned from his journey fifteen days ago, as you perhaps already knew. I shall try, by every sort of service, to make Mr. Helmius know the esteem I have for your recommendations. I beg you to assure Mr. Samuel of my very humble respects, and I remain with passion, Your very obedient servant, BALCONINUS. LETTER XXXVIII. TO D. BERNHARD ROTTENDORF. S. D. J. Fred. Gronovius. Monastier, Those who delivered these letters to you, the distinguished men Marquardus Gudius of Holstein and Sciasius of Hesse, are good men sprung from good stock, and most accomplished in all liberal learning. Whatever there is in all France and Italy of noble libraries, they have not merely examined, but also searched through; they have collated or copied many very ancient manuscripts; many they have procured at their own expense and possess; and in these and in those they have observed many things, which we have hitherto been ignorant of, and which, God willing, they will shortly bring to light, living wholly for letters and for the sake of letters, and sharing their resources and labors with one another. And the cause of this journey of theirs is no other than that they may inspect the shelves of Germany. You see what a rare and incomparable pair I have sent to you: how worthy they are that your own wealth in that same kind should also be displayed for them to see. Wherefore I ask and beseech you to open and show them all your courtesy, which my praise has stirred up in them to a marvelous expectation, if ever there was anyone for whom you should do so. I think you have correctly received the second Antexegesis, which I sent to you long ago. They will also bring Plautus, which, because it is helped by the excerpts of Torrentius, may-
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AD MARQ[UE] GUDIUM EPISTOLÆ. 73 vare voluisti, multum tibi debeo, sed serius ea accepi, quam ut instruere hanc editionem possent: & nunc quoque remitto; postquam exsignavi, quæ vi- dentur aliquando profutura, si repetere licuerit. In Livio pervenimus ad xxxv librum. Itaque jam incipio de præfatione cogitare. Reverendiss. D. Mallingrodii excessus, pro ea ac debuit, me commovit: de chartis & reliquiis stu- diorum ejus quid fit? Donaverat olim mihi Halloixii defensionem Origenis; postea ejusdem libri indigus per hominem certum a me commodato eum peti- vit & dedi. Estne aliqua repetitio? Videbis & salvebis plurimum cum omni domo, & amabis me. Lugduni in Batavis a. d. VII. id. Quinctil. CICICCLXIV. EPISTOLA LIX. DANIELI GEORGIO MORHOFIO. J. U. D. Henr. Oldenburg Sal. Kilonium, HAud levi me gaudio affecerunt literæ tuæ, Vir Consultissime, quas post aliquot annorum lapsum nuper ad me dare voluisti. Agnosco in iis exi- miam tuam in me humanitatem, qua coeptæ inter nos amicitiæ nodum, can- didissimæ illustris Langelotti Epistolæ dono, simul & scriptorum Wasmuthianorum promisso exsolvendo, adstringere dignatus es. Quam liberalitatem quam maxime accumulas, dum Celeberrimi Gudii doctas in Authores Geoponicas Notas, aliorumque ipsius MStorum Medicorum, Physicorum & Mathematicorum Catalogum transmissurum Te sponde[s]. Significavi hoc Viris, tum Londini, tum in Academiis nostris, scientiarum & artium augmenta enixe spirantibus. Prædicant ad unum omnes, tum tuam, tum laudatissimi Gudii in provchenda & ornanda re philosophica voluntatem, mihi que in mandatis dedere, ut gratias quas possem maximas utrique vestrum rescriberem, obla- tamque a vobis generositatem amplexarer. Quam primum itaque libuerit, Vir Amplissime, perdoctum Dn. Gudium officiosissime nostro nomine salu- tabis, utque notas suas Geoponicas, una cum dicto Catalogo occasione com- moda ad me transmittat, amicissime invitabis, eumque certum omnino facies, nihil plane in eorum, quæ ab ipso proficiscentur, impressione omissum iri, quæ honori ipsi debito litare posse censebuntur. Sub prælo nunc, tam Græco quam Latino, apud nos versatur Jamblichus de Mysteriis Ægyptiorum, nec non Pythagoræ Vita, perquam mendo se hactenus edita: Lucianus insuper, Græce itidem & Latine brevi hic imprimendus. Scire avemus, ullæne Dn. Gudio suppetant Notæ, quæ ad horum Scriptorum vel emendationem vel elu- cidationem spectent. Adhæc, si quicquam vobis de Bosis edendi Iosephi con- silio, vel de conditionibus, quibus suas circa ipsum collationes aliis concede- re cupit, innotuerit, id quoque ut nobis signifies, obnixe rogamus. Hisce ita expeditis, duo mihi tecum agenda supersunt. Prius est, ut Clarissimum K Dn.
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To Marq[ue] Gudius, Epistle 73 You wished to be silent, I owe you much, but I received those letters too late for them to be able to help this edition: and now too I send them back; after I had copied out what seem at some time to be of use, if I may be allowed to consult them again. In Livy we have reached Book xxxv. So now I am beginning to think about the preface. The death of the most reverend Mr. Mallingrodii has moved me, as was fitting: what has become of his papers and the remains of his studies? Long ago he had given me Halloix’s defense of Origen; later, needing that same book, he asked it back through a certain man whom I had lent it to, and I gave it. Is there any possibility of its being recovered? You will see, and keep well with all your household, and love me. At Leiden in Holland, 7th day before the Ides of Quintilis, 1664. EPISTLE 59. To Daniel Georg Morhof, J.U.D. Henr. Oldenburg sends greetings. Kiel, Your letters, most learned Sir, with which you were lately pleased after an interval of several years to honor me, have given me no small joy. In them I recognize your remarkable kindness toward me, by which you have deigned to strengthen the bond of friendship begun between us, at once by the gift of the most candid letter of the illustrious Langelotti and by fulfilling the promise of the Wasmuthian writings. You increase that generosity as much as possible by promising that you will transmit the learned Notes on the Geoponica of the most celebrated Gudius, together with a Catalogue of his other manuscripts, medical, physical, and mathematical. I have made this known to men, both in London and in our Academies, who earnestly desire the increase of the sciences and arts. They all without exception praise both your zeal and that of the highly praised Gudius for advancing and adorning philosophy, and they have charged me to write back to each of you the greatest thanks I could, and to embrace the generosity offered by you both. As soon as you can, therefore, most distinguished Sir, you will most dutifully greet the very learned Mr. Gudius in our name, and will most kindly invite him to send his Geoponica notes, together with the said Catalogue, to me at a convenient opportunity; and you will make him entirely certain that nothing at all, in the printing of what shall come from him, will be omitted that may be judged able to pay the debt owed to his own honor. Under the press now, both in Greek and in Latin, is our Jamblichus On the Mysteries of the Egyptians, as well as the Life of Pythagoras, hitherto published very full of errors; Lucian too, likewise in Greek and Latin, will soon be printed here. We wish to know whether Mr. Gudius has any notes that bear on these authors, either for their correction or for their elucidation. Moreover, if you should learn anything from Bosis about his plan for publishing Josephus, or about the conditions under which he wishes to grant others their collations concerning him, we also earnestly ask that you let us know that. These matters thus settled, two further things remain for me to discuss with you. The first is that the most illustrious K Mr.
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74 DOCTORUM VIRORUM AD MARQ. GUDIUM EPIST. Dn. Langelottum de cultu & officiis meis certiorem reddas, ipsique indices, se totum orbem Philosophicum sibi devinxisse, dum operationes illas Chymicas, Epistolâ suâ ad naturæ curiosos exaratâ, tanto candore publici juris fecit; multoque eundem sibi devincturum arctius, si, ex promisso suo, Laboratorii Gottorpiensis Acta pari candore, quamprimum poterit, in genuinæ Chymiæ decus & tutamen, quin imo in Almæ Germaniæ nostræ, suamque adeo ipsius gloriam, luci publicæ exponat. Alterum est, me cum Iacobsiis mercatoribus de illo debito, quod mihi commendasti, locutum deprehendere, ipsos nil quicquam argenti impetrare hactenus potuisse; nec etiamnum posse, quandiu Fisci Regii clausura, omnibus nota, duret. Necesse erat, flagrante hoc difficili bello, thesauros Regios in nullum nisi publicum usum impendere, proindeque privati æris solutionem in pacata tempora protelare. Quamprimum illa redierint, si quid ego vel seorsim, vel junctim, præstare ea in re potero, nequaquam detrectabo. De hoc securum Te esse velim. Vale interea, & me Tui studiosissimum crede. Dabam Londini d. 20. Sept. 1672. EPISTOLA LX. DANIELI GEORGIO MORHOFIO. J. U. D. & P. Henr. Oldenburg S. D. Kilonium. INvisebam Te, Vir Consultissime, epistola mea d. 20. Sept. anni nuper elapsi data, in iisque gratias Tibi agebam, tum pro munere operis Wasmuthiani, & Epistolæ Cl. Langelotti, (quam exinde Anglice versam Tranlact. Philosophicis inferui;) tum pro gratissimo promisso, quo Celeberrimi Gudii doctas in Geoponicas Authores Notas, aliorumque ipsius MSS. Catalogum Te transmissurum spoponderas. Unum est, quod nunc addo; nos se destinare prælo Londinensi Photii Lexicon Græcum, atque intellexisse, penes Cl. Gudium esse ejus exemplar satis nitidum. Rogamus magnopere, ut commodare nobis illud per unum saltem mensem, quo cum MSS. nostrate conferre id possimus, non gravetur. Ego vadimonium subibo, si ad me deferatur, me illud incolume omnino servaturum redditurumque, nec non daturum operam, ut generosus ejusmodi candor Possessoris ea, qua par est, gratitudine deprædicetur. vehementer oro, Vir Amplissime, ut quamprimum fieri poterit, hæc in doctorum & bonorum virorum gratiam diligenter curare, & super iis responsum benevolum deproperare digneris. In eo vicissim ero, ut mandata tua hic loci pro viribus exequar. Vale & me amare perge. Dab. Londini d. 6. Februæ. 1673. CLA-
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74 LETTER OF DOCTORUM VIRORUM TO MARQ. GUDIUS Please inform Mr. Langelott of my respect and services, and tell him that he has bound the whole philosophical world to himself, since he has published those chemical operations, set forth in his letter to the curious in nature, with such candor and made them public property; and that he will bind it to himself even more closely if, in accordance with his promise, he shall as soon as possible publish the Acts of the Gottorp Laboratory with equal candor, to the honor and protection of true Chemistry, nay rather to the glory of our dear Germany and indeed of himself also. The other matter is that I have found that I spoke with the Jacobsii merchants about that debt which you recommended to me, and that they have hitherto been able to procure no silver at all; nor are they able to do so yet, so long as the restriction on the Royal Treasury, known to everyone, continues. It was necessary, in this difficult war that is raging, to expend the Royal treasures for no use except public ones, and therefore to defer the payment of private debts to peaceful times. As soon as those times return, if I can do anything in that matter, either separately or jointly, I shall by no means refuse. I would have you be assured of this. Farewell meanwhile, and believe me most devoted to you. Given in London, 20 Sept. 1672. EPISTLE LX. TO DANIEL GEORG MORHOF, Doctor of Both Laws & Professor. Henr. Oldenburg sends greetings. Kiel. I visited you, most prudent Sir, in my letter dated 20 Sept. of the year just past, and in it I gave you thanks, both for the gift of the Wasmuthian work and for the letter of the distinguished Langelott, which I then inserted in translation into the Philosophical Transactions; and also for your most welcome promise that you would send me the learned notes of the celebrated Gudius on the Geoponica, as well as a catalogue of his other manuscripts. One thing I now add: we are planning to send to the London press Photius’ Greek Lexicon, and have learned that a fairly handsome copy of it is in the possession of the distinguished Gudius. We most urgently ask that he not mind lending it to us for at least one month, so that we may compare it with our manuscript. I will stand surety, if it is delivered to me, that I shall preserve it entirely unharmed and return it, and also that I shall take care that the noble candor of such a possessor is proclaimed with the gratitude it deserves. I earnestly beg you, most distinguished Sir, to deign, as soon as may be possible, to attend diligently to these matters for the benefit of learned and good men, and to hasten a favorable reply concerning them. In return, I shall see to it, to the best of my ability, that your instructions are carried out here. Farewell, and continue to love me. Given in London, 6 Feb. 1673. CLA-
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CLARISSIMORUM ET DOCTISSIMORUM VIRORUM Qui superiore & nostro seculo floruerunt EPISTOLAE EX BIBLIOTHECA MARQUARDI GUDII. EPISTOLA I. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, As ad te scribo summa celeritate, quod nuntius nullam moram facere possit, instructus jam omnibus & clamitante nauta. Scripsi pluries ad jovium, ut certiorem me faceret, an in humanis eses: aguntur enim jam duo vel tres anni, cum nullas a te accepi, nullam ab eo unquam accepi responsionem. Opinor vel meas non perlatas, vel in comitatu Pontificio eum non agere. Cum igitur valde animo cruciarer, Agathius vir trilinguis, cum me visitatum venisset, valere te recte nuntiavit: beavit me vir ille optimo hujusmodi nuntio. Itaque gratulor tibi, gratulor & mihi, qui talem amicum non perdirerim. Superest ut me rerum tuarum certiorem facias, quid passus, quantum spei supersit, quæ denique consilia sint tua. Vice versa & ego te rerum mearum admoneo; multis affectum me æruinis patria excessisse, Uxorem vivam & sospitem ibi reliquisse; cæteros fato functos, fortunis plerisque amissis, virtuti soli innixum non omnino concidisse. Libros & Bibliothecam omnem conservasse. In præsentia Ius Civile Avenione profiteor. Si quid igitur erit, quod ipse possim, id in tua manu constituetur. Scribe omnino ad me, & qui- K 2
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THE LETTERS OF THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED MEN WHO FLOURISHED IN THE FORMER AND OUR OWN CENTURY FROM THE LIBRARY OF MARQUARD GUDIUS. LETTER I. TO FRANCIS CALVO. GREETING. Andreas Alciatus. Rome, As I write to you in the greatest haste, since the messenger can delay not at all, everything being already prepared and the sailor calling out. I have written several times to Jovius, that he might inform me whether you are still among the living; for it is now two or three years since I received anything from you, and I have never received any reply from him. I suppose either that my letters were not delivered, or that he is not in the Papal retinue. Since, therefore, I was greatly tormented in mind, Agathius, a man skilled in three languages, when he came to visit me, announced that you were well: that man made me happy with such excellent news. Therefore I congratulate you, and I congratulate myself as well, that I have not lost such a friend. What remains is that you make me more fully acquainted with your affairs: what you have suffered, how much hope remains, and, finally, what your plans are. In turn I also inform you about my affairs: having been afflicted by many misfortunes, I left my native country; I left my wife alive and safe there; the others have passed away by fate, most of my goods have been lost, and leaning only on virtue I have not altogether fallen. I have preserved my books and my whole library. At present I am teaching Civil Law at Avignon. If, therefore, there is anything I can do myself, that will be placed in your hands. Write to me without fail, and whi- K 2
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76 CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. quidem longissimas literas, nam & idem ipse facturus eram, nisi me nuntius jam iterum atque iterum interpellaret. Vale. Avenione tertio Kalendas Novembris. EPISTOLA II. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, Vidi, Calve animo meo gratissime, quas ad me literas dedisti, fueruntque tam nobis caræ, ut eas fere centies legerim, osculatusque fuerim. Libet ea credere, quæ de nominis nostri gloria propagationeque ad extremum Oceanum retulisti. Sed vide ne nimius amor, quo me prosequeris, te decipiat. Non enim te latet, idcirco cæcum fingi Cupidinem, quod ob nimium affectum amantes non videant. Legi & perlibenter Zasii exemplaria. Vir mihi doctus videtur, sed qui tamen sibi nimis tribuat. Potem multis medelam illam, quam in juris civilis fastidio adhibet, improbare: sed quid hæc ego ad te? illud tuum est. Quæ præconia duo Amorbacchii de me meminerunt: cur hic subditos tuos non convocas? legiones pedantium non instruis? an prima in linea, Archislamedialem tuum Priscianum capite percuti sines? utcumque sit, laudo inventum, & hominem colo. Cur ad eum scriberem, visa non est causa, præsertim cum superioribus mensibus ad eum scripserim, motus quibusdam Germanicis literis, quas frater tuus Mediolani mihi ostendit, quibus literas ad me dedisse Zasium continebatur. Nescio an tam fideliter meæ ad eum delatæ fuerint, sicut ad me suæ: ipse certe hactenus nullas vidi. Quod in Hercinios saltus venire decreveris, non probo consilium tuum, dehortarerque admodum, nisi tu fortasse jam ingressus es Me certe arbitro æquius fuisset ex Rauracis recta in Italiam redire, semicremataque Minitii tecta videre, & campos ubi Troja fuit. Opera mea juris civilis, cur allata Basileam non fuerint haud satis scio. Frater tibi rogandus fuit, ipse hæc in re nihil possum. Nam cum literas tuas accepi, Avenione eram, qua in urbe jus civile septingentis auditoribus profiteor, sub stipendio annuo scutorum quingentorum. Et tu alioqui auritus, oculatissimusque vir non sensisti murmura famæ, Alciati nomen ex Avenionensi urbe, ceu ex arce Palladis per ora hominum dilatantis? Tu quæso negligentiam hanc tuam excute, & me de maximis minimisque rebus tuis fac certiorem, & in primis notulam ad me mitte, qua omnium eorum liborum nomenclatura contineatur, quos ad studia mea aliquid facere credis, & quos tu ex Germania attulisti. Id ut facias quam primum, te etiam atque etiam rogo, & obsecro & obtestor. Frater mihi tuus ita commendatus est, atque tu, quem fratris loco habeo. Vale Calve Vir multorum hominum & morum & urbium spectator, & quod Hornerus de Ulisse ait . Avenione Idibus Decembris M D XVIII. EPI-
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76 CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. indeed, I would have written you a very long letter, for I myself was about to do the same, unless the messenger had already interrupted me again and again. Farewell. At Avignon, on the third day before the Kalends of November. EPISTLE II. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome, I saw, dear Calvus, most gracious to my mind, the letter you sent me, and it was so dear to me that I have read it almost a hundred times and kissed it. I am pleased to believe those things which you reported concerning the glory of our name and its spreading even to the farthest Ocean. But see that the excessive love with which you pursue me does not deceive you. For you are not unaware that Cupid is made blind for this reason, namely, that lovers, because of too much affection, do not see. I read Zasius’s examples, and with great pleasure. He seems to me a learned man, but one who nevertheless thinks too highly of himself. I could with many reasons disapprove of that remedy which he applies to his disgust with civil law; but what is that to me, to you? That is your concern. What those two heralds of Amorbacchius have remembered about me: why do you not summon your followers here? Why do you not marshal the legions of pedants? Or will you allow your Archislamedial Priscian to be struck on the head in the front rank? However it may be, I praise the invention and hold the man in esteem. There seemed no reason why I should write to him, especially since in the previous months I had written to him, moved by certain German letters which your brother showed me in Milan, in which it was stated that Zasius had written to me. I do not know whether my letters were carried to him as faithfully as his were to me: certainly up to now I have seen none. As for your decision to come into the Hercynian forests, I do not approve your plan, and I should strongly discourage you, unless perhaps you have already set out. To my mind it would certainly have been more proper to return straight from the Rauraci to Italy and to see the half-burned roofs of Mintius, and the fields where Troy once stood. I do not know well enough why my works on civil law were not brought to Basel. Your brother should have been asked; I can do nothing in this matter myself. For when I received your letters, I was at Avignon, where in that city I lecture on civil law to seven hundred students, at an annual salary of five hundred scudi. And you, a man otherwise sharp of hearing and keen of sight, did you not hear the murmur of rumor, spreading Alciatus’s name from the city of Avignon, as from the citadel of Pallas, through the mouths of men? I beg you, shake off this negligence of yours, and make me sure of your greatest and smallest affairs, and above all send me a note containing a list of all those books which you think will be of some use to my studies, and which you brought back from Germany. I ask, beseech, and entreat you to do this as soon as possible. Your brother has been so recommended to me, as have you, whom I hold in the place of a brother. Farewell, Calvus, spectator of many men, customs, and cities, and what Homer says of Ulysses. At Avignon, on the Ides of December, 1518. EPI-
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VIROR. EPISTOLÆ. 77 EPISTOLA III. FRANCISCO CALVO. S.D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam. Accepi tandem a te literas longas & plenas rerum novarum, atque earum præsertim, quæ tuum in me amorem ostendereat, nec minus quantum curæ adhibueris, ut aliquo in Italia profeturus conducerer. Ego non tam passum operas meas polliceor, ut homines dicant proxenetas me in id constituisse. Tantum abest, ut idcirco quæquam vanissimo illi Matæo succenseam. Si indignationis ejus causam tibi vellem recensere, eamque com[m]ediam a prologo ad catastrophen hic describere, disrumpereris rilu. Illud mirum est, hominem cum alioquin astutum, & Faventinum, tam libere tecum egisse, ut doloris tibi tui caulam expectoraret, meque tanquam aquilam lovis armigerum insimularet. Atqui cum is, de quo tecum ille conquestus est, ad eum divertisset, videremque in cloacam & sentinam vitiorum omnium imprudentem decidisse, censui muneris mei esse, ne eum desererem, qui a pueritia domi meæ educatus, tibique aliquo modo affinis esset: itaque jussi, ut quam primum posset, ab eo stuprorum aliarumque blasphemiarum conventiculo recederet, quod ille intra tertium diem exequutus est. Hinc illæ lacrimæ. Si quæ interim paucissimis illis horis acta in ejus ædibus sint, edisertare nunc velim, merito dubitaveris, an consilium meum magis probes, an in hujus impudentissimi hominis improbitatem invexeris: nam utrumque exitus ostendit. Intra paucos dies accusati impudicitæ sunt ex eis duo, qui ne manus sibi injicerentur, fuga saluti consuluerunt. Unus qui solum vertere non potuit, vivus combustus est, ipsi, propter personam quam sustinebat, nihil dictum, sed cum non ideo tamen multum fideret, quam celerrime transacto Ducis negotio recessit. Vides, nisi ego insipientem tanquam Soter aliquis vel Alexicacos, de draconis faucibus retraxissem, quod ejus capiti existimationique periculum imminebat. Volui hæc tecum agere, ut non mea culpa inimicum mihi esse eum cognosceres. Si forte contigerit, ut in reditu Ferrariam divertas, meo nomine Leonicensum salutabis, cui homini tantum ego tribuo, quantum cæteris omnibus medicis, quorum opera ab inclinatione Romani imperii extent: estque mihi plane unus instar omnium. Cæterum quo illuc conducar, nullum facies verbum. Cognoscent, ut arbitror, brevi, quantum opis potuissem instaurando illi Gymnasio asserre. Nam hoc anno superioribus mensibus, ex eorum Doctoribus unus (familia non succurrit, uomen illi Marco erat) cum in Legationem in Hispaniam iret, Avenionem divertit, nostræque affuit lectioni. Is poterit locupletissimus esse testis, quantum auditorum haberem, qua dignitate & judicio hæc studia attrectem. Poterunt & alii, qui de terra Gallia illuc pertranseant. Nec enim multi ipse fecero in Italia magis, quam Avenione esse: in qua urbe K 3 sine
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VIROR. LETTERS. 77 LETTER III. TO FRANCISCO CALVO, S.D. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome. I have at last received from you long letters, full of news, and especially of those things which show your affection toward me, and no less how much care you took that I should be found employment in Italy somewhere. I do not so much promise my services as to make men say that I have set myself up as a broker in the matter. Far be it from me for that reason to take any offense at that most frivolous Matteo. If I wished to recount to you the cause of his indignation, and describe here from the prologue to the catastrophe this comedy of his, you would burst with laughter. It is astonishing that a man otherwise shrewd, and a Faventine, should have dealt with you so freely as to pour out to you the cause of his grief, and to accuse me as though I were an eagle, the armiger of Jupiter. But when the person about whom he had complained to you had turned in to him, and I saw that he had unwittingly fallen into a sewer and cesspool of all vices, I judged it to be my duty not to abandon him, since he had been brought up in my house from childhood and was in some way related to you; and so I ordered him, as soon as he could, to leave that gathering of debaucheries and other blasphemies, which he did within three days. Hence those tears. If I should now wish to recount in the few hours that intervened what took place in his house, you would rightly doubt whether you should more approve my counsel or inveigh against the wickedness of this most shameless man: for the outcome showed both. Within a few days, two of those men were accused of indecency, and, lest hands be laid on them, they saved themselves by flight. One, who could not turn himself aside, was burned alive; nothing was said to the man himself, because of the position he held, but since he nevertheless did not place much confidence in that, he departed as quickly as possible once the Duke’s business was finished. You see that, unless I had dragged the foolish man back, as some Soter or Alexicacus, from the jaws of the dragon, danger would have threatened both his head and his reputation. I wished to discuss this with you, so that you might know that he is my enemy not through my fault. If it should happen that on your return you turn aside to Ferrara, you will greet Leonicenus in my name, for I esteem that man as much as I do all the other physicians whose work extends from the decline of the Roman Empire: and he is entirely one man in place of all. But as for the reason why I am to be conducted there, say nothing at all. They will learn, I suppose, in a short time how much help I might have brought to restoring that Gymnasium. For this year, in the earlier months, one of their Doctors (the family name does not come to mind; his name was Marco) was going on an embassy to Spain and stopped at Avignon, and was present at our lecture. He can be the most valuable witness as to how many auditors I had, and with what dignity and judgment I handle these studies. Others too will be able to testify, those who pass through there from the land of France. Nor in fact shall I myself do much more in Italy than be in Avignon: in that city K 3 without
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78 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. sine aliquo Antisophista stipendio sexcentorum scutorum regiorum, aliisque præterea donariis, octingentis & eo amplius auditoribus profiteor. Per bien- nium rursus conductus. Atque in his auditoribus cum Episcopi, Abbates, Comites aliique proceres sunt, tum & de remotissimis nationibus quam plurimi, qui illuc non Gymnasiis fama adducti, non Italæ visendæ gratia, sed ob solius Alciati nomen confluxerunt. Scribitur ad me undique gentium; ab Anglis, Saxonibus, Belgis, Pannonibus, ut nullo non loco reperiatur, qui vel ex scriptis, vel ex doctissimorum relatione Alciatum non agnoscat. Dedit ad me nuper literas Ioannes Cuspinianus, Viennensis in Austria Senatus Præses, dedit Claudius Metensis ex Batilea, dedere cæteri docti: & tu me, qui ceu in omnium gentium theatro profiteor, in aliquam urbem vis recludere; in qua propter invidorum factiones nomen meum sit sepultum. Apage, apage id mali, melioraque mihi Deus faxit: neque tu pulcherrime currenti equo injicias manum. Quæ Bononiæ pro nobis egeris, accepi omnia, & quam pecuniam pro exscribendis illis ex chartabulis impendisti, fratri tuo hic resarciam, vel compensabo potius: quod enim cum mihi plurimis commendavisti, non duxi irritum, mutuoque illi dedi viginti quinque Scutatos, in eam summam com- putabuntur. Literas Iulii Pflug Equitis Germani una cum fasciculo librorum Avenione acceperam, sed non arbitrabat obligasse te fidem tuam, atque rece- pisse, me illi responsurum. Quare non est nunc, quod dubites, absolvam te quam primum, & illi respondebo: tametsi vix apud me constituam, quo eum cognomine appellem: suum enim illud Germanicum proferre non possum. Rescribam tamen, ne se forte delusum putet, teque Bononiam iter facientem aggrediatur. Operam tuam non est quod impendas in congregandis Schola- sticis Germanis, qui a Republica Veneta petant, ut me in Patavinam Aca- demiam arcessant: quandoquidem ipse Avenionensibus inserviturum me per biennium adhuc promisi, a qua promissione etiam si auri montes offerrentur, non sum recessurus. Quæ de Antonio Justiniano scribis, nescio an sat vera sint: illud certo certius scio, te nunquam mecum egisse, ut aliquid illi dedi- carem. Primumque a te hoc accepi in his literis; sed admonitio hæc tua, ut bono animo proficiscitur, ita nimis sera est. Bibliopolæ Basileenses mecum egerunt, ut emendatum rursusque correctum opus meum ad eos mitterem re- dimprimendum; compulsusque fui a Bonifacio Amorbacchio, qui sub meis vexillis Avenione militat, id polliceri, dum salva gratia tua id mihi liceret. Missurus itaque sum autographum ipsum proximis nundinis Lugdunensibus, quare tu me interim de sententia tua fac certiorem. Iovius promisit se ea loca mihi traditurum, in quibus a me dissentit: Tuos istos nihil moror, quando- quidem nemo est, cui facillimum, & in ore non sit profiteri, quibusdam se in rebus a me dissentire: estque species hæc cujusdam jactantiæ & sibi nimium placentis ingenii. Non ita Zafius; qui ad me scripsit, quaque in re dis- sentiret: illique ego longissimis literis respondi, & opinionem meam tutatus sum, & in sententiam meam traduxi: quod & cum Pyrrho a me factitatum est.
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78 MOST EMINENT AND LEARNED SIRS. Without any Antisophist stipend of six hundred royal scudi, and besides other gifts, I profess to more than eight hundred auditors. For I was again engaged for two years. And among these auditors there are not only Bishops, Abbots, Counts, and other nobles, but also very many from the most remote nations, who flocked there not led by the fame of the schools, not for the sake of seeing Italy, but on account of Alciati's name alone. Letters are written to me from everywhere among the nations; from the English, Saxons, Belgians, Pannonians, so that there is no place where one may not find someone who, whether from my writings or from the report of the most learned, does not recognize Alciati. Recently Ioannes Cuspinianus, President of the Senate at Vienna in Austria, sent me letters; Claudius of Metz sent them from Basel; the others learned men did likewise. And you would have me, who teach as though in the theater of all nations, shut up in some city, where, because of the factions of the envious, my name may be buried. Away, away with that evil; may God grant me better things, and do not lay your hand upon a horse that is running so beautifully. I have received everything you did for us at Bologna, and whatever money you spent for copying those documents, I shall reimburse your brother here, or rather compensate him; for what you so strongly recommended to me, I did not consider worthless, and I lent him twenty-five scudi, which will be counted toward that sum. I had received at Avignon the letters of the German knight Julius Pflug together with a packet of books, but he did not think that you had bound yourself by your word and undertaken that I should reply to him. Therefore there is now no reason for you to doubt; I shall settle with you as soon as possible, and I shall answer him: although I can scarcely decide by what surname I should call him; for I cannot use that German one of his. Nevertheless I shall write back, lest he should perhaps think himself deceived and attack you when you are making your journey to Bologna. There is no need for you to expend your efforts in gathering German scholars who are asking the Venetian Republic to summon me to the University of Padua: since I have myself promised the people of Avignon that I shall serve them for another two years, and from that promise I shall not withdraw, even if mountains of gold were offered. What you write about Antonio Justiniano, I do not know whether it is sufficiently true: this I know most certainly, that you never approached me to ask that I dedicate anything to him. And this I first learned from you in these letters; but this warning of yours, though proceeding from good will, is much too late. The Basel booksellers have dealt with me, asking that I send them my work, corrected and revised again, to be reprinted; and I was compelled by Bonifacio Amorbacchio, who serves under my banners at Avignon, to promise this, provided that I might do so without offending you. I am therefore going to send the autograph itself at the next fair at Lyon, wherefore in the meantime let me know your opinion. Iovius promised that he would give me those passages in which he disagrees with me: I care nothing for yours, since there is no one for whom it is easiest, and not on the lips, to profess that in certain matters he disagrees with me; and this is a kind of boastfulness and of a too self-satisfied mind. Not so Zafius; he wrote to me in what matter he disagreed, and I replied to him in a very long letter, defended my opinion, and drew him over to my view: and this too I have done with Pyrrho.
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 79 est. Is in nuper impressis quibusdam suis commentariis nominatim mecum congressus est. Respondi statim, & causam meam integra volumine defendi. Quam ob industriam ipse attonitus & sibi diffidens, non destitit precibus mecum agere, donec autographum a me extorsit. Quippe dubitabat, ne imprimere- tur. Concessi illi libens pro dignitate, quam sustinet, pollicitusque est loca ea emendare, non sine magna mei commendatione. Non cujusvis est cum Hercule manum conferere. Quare nihil etiam me movent rabulæ isti, quos in me invehi refers. Ut iste nescio quis Jo. Maria Regiensis, quem ego hominem nunquam agnovi; nam quo tempore ego Bononiæ moram traxi, solum antiquus quidam Doctor vel Polysemus potius, una cum Camaro in Institutionibus profitebatur. Dii perdant istos gloriosulos, qui quotidie seipsos produnt. Authentica Græca libenter legam, & cum vulgatis conferam, ut aliquam opem studiosis afferre possum. Quantum ad Salomonium & Claudium attinet, perplacet mihi ingenium ipsorum, & opera laudo: dignissima lectu sunt, & non vulgarem eruditionem pollicentur. In Ausonium illas annotationes meas nescio an tibi tradam. Constitueram fere morem tibi non gerere, nisi me minaciis tuis absterruisses: dum rebellem te mihi fore ais. Relinquam itaque penes fratrem tuum: tu quum impressioni opusculum illud tradere volueris, me facias certiorem. Decrevi enim per epistolam Crolierio inscribere & dicare. Privilegium illud pro doctoribus creandis, si gratis impetrare possum, erit mihi gratissimum: nam pecuniam in id prodigere, non puto sapientis hominis, Quare noli hac in re aliud agere, quam acturum te scripsisti, commendabisque id negotium J. Mariæ Cataneo, quem ego hominem valde amo, cuique non mediocriter debeo, quod honorificam de me fecerit mentionem, in præfatione Interpretationum suarum in C. Cæcilium Plinium: quare me illi commendabis & Arluno. Movisti mihi risum, cum me admones de institutione vitæ, jubelque, ne ita famulis meis familiaris sim. Quod ad vitam attinet, vixi hactenus absque nota, tamque procul ab omnibus malorum contagii, ut nemo forte ex his, qui monasteriis includuntur: quod ad familiaritatem pertinet, cum Terentiano Sene Amari me a meis volo: quapropter hoc mihi contigit, ut cum neminem unquam pro famulis fidejussorem acceperim, non tamen aufugerit a me quisquam, aut meum aliquid interverterit. Consilium certe hoc meum eventu certissimum est; tametsi tua sententia coleatis istis & tetricis magis placeat. Nam quod inquis mebeatum, si nulla mihi lis cum Cassella fuisset; tu videris. Si mille mihi aurei Ferrariæ constituerentur, eo non irem: & satis non possum non mirari, qui tibi in mentem venerit, hanc conventionem cum eo tractare; cum de Patavino, aut Bononiensi Gymnasio solum tibi mandata dederim: quamvis nec mihi displiceant tua ista consilia: non quod in has Academias venturus sim, sed quod Avenionenses, si sciverint ab aliis quoque me solicitari, ne eos deseram, timebunt, & augebunt stipendia. Quare cum eis potissimum velim hæc disemines, quos conjectabis idoneos esse; ut in Avenionensem Academiam literas harum rerum indices dent. Libri nuper im- pressi,
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LETTERS OF MEN. 79 is. He has lately met me by name in certain of his printed commentaries. I answered at once, and defended my cause in a complete volume. Because of this diligence, he himself, bewildered and lacking confidence, did not cease to plead with me, until he wrung an autograph from me. Indeed, he was doubtful lest it be printed. I readily granted it to him, out of regard for the dignity he holds, and he promised to correct those passages, not without great commendation of me. It is not for just anyone to contend hand to hand with Hercules. Therefore those chatterers, whom you report to be attacking me, move me not at all. As for that certain Jo. Maria of Reggio, whom I have never known as a man; for at the time when I stayed in Bologna, only an old Doctor, or rather Polysemus, was teaching the Institutions together with Camarus. May the gods destroy those braggarts, who every day betray themselves. I shall gladly read the Greek texts in their authentic form, and compare them with the printed ones, so that I may bring some aid to students if I can. As for Salomonio and Claudius, I am greatly pleased with their talent, and I praise their works: they are most worthy to be read, and they promise no ordinary learning. As for those annotations of mine on Ausonius, I do not know whether I shall give them to you. I had almost resolved not to comply with your wish, unless your threats had frightened me, when you say that you will be rebellious to me. So I shall leave them with your brother; when you wish to send that little work to press, let me know. For I have determined to inscribe and dedicate it by letter to Crolierius. That privilege for the creation of doctors, if I can obtain it free of charge, will be most welcome to me; for to spend money on that, I do not think the part of a wise man. Therefore do not take any other action in this matter than you wrote that you would take, and entrust that business to J. Maria Cataneus, whom I greatly love, and to whom I am under no small obligation, because he made honorable mention of me in the preface to his Interpretations on C. Caecilius Plinius. Therefore commend me to him and to Arluno. You made me laugh when you remind me about the ordering of life, and urge me not to be so familiar with my servants. As for my way of life, I have lived thus far without reproach, and so far removed from all taint of evil, that perhaps no one among those shut up in monasteries is more so. As for familiarity, I keep my servants at a distance from me, as did Terentianus Senex Amari; wherefore it has happened to me that, although I have never taken a surety from any of my servants, yet no one has run away from me, nor has anyone misappropriated anything of mine. This plan of mine has certainly proven most successful in practice; though your opinion and that of the austere and gloomy ones may perhaps be more pleasing. For as to your saying that I should be happy if I had no lawsuit with Cassella, you may judge for yourself. If a thousand gold pieces were assigned to me at Ferrara, I would not go there: and I cannot but greatly wonder what led you to think of negotiating this agreement with him; since I had commissioned you only concerning Padua or the University of Bologna: although even these counsels of yours displease me not—not because I am going to those Academies, but because the men of Avignon, if they learn that I am being sought after by others as well, will fear that I may leave them, and will increase the stipend. Therefore I especially want you to spread these matters among those whom you judge to be suitable; so that they may send letters of information about these things to the Academy of Avignon. The recently printed books,
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80 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. pressi sunt in Gallia. Galeni Methodus per Thomam Linacrum, tralata. In Germanis quidam Dialogi Ulrici Hutteni, & historia bellorum inter Impe- ratores & Romanum Pontificem gestorum: & quædam Lutheri. Basileæ Eras- mi Roterodami Dialogi, quos Antibarbaros inscripsit. Hi nunc sunt sub incude; Cornelius Tacitus, atque in eo libellus de situ Germaniæ, cum interprete ne- scio quo. Hic Minutianus Pyrrhiana quædam edidit. Galenus Vicecomes quotidie me novis precibus adit, ut tecum agam, quo libri illi antiqui sui re- stituantur: quod ut facias te quoque ipse oro: nec minus ut de unguibus E- rasmi reglutines orationem illam meam ad Matthiam Minoritam, cum id quæso, ne si in cinerariorum istorum manus inciderit, parata sunt mihi cum eis æterna bella. Velim Collectanea Epigrammatum Latinorum conficeres, excuteresque recentium istorum vatum bibliothecas. Erit, crede mihi opus egregium, si in eo curam adhibueris. Vale. Avenione 6 Kalendas Octobris. M. D. XX. EPISTOLA IV. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, Satisfeci tandem postulatis tuis, superest ut cures literas ad ipsum dari. Cum me admonueris ut ad Justinianum scribam, id facturus sum: tu me cer- tiorem reddes, qui vir, & cujus argumenti ad eum hominem dandæ sint. Mo- rem in his omnibus tibi geram, dum id scias mea nemine petiturum, ut ope- ræ nostræ conducantur. Tantinon est hæc inanis gloriola: nec multum cu- ro quid Itali sentiant de his, qui extra Terram Italian profitentur. Anno- tationes in Ausonium emendaturus sum, tradamque tibi, cum te operi im- primendo accinxeris. Velim diligenter cures Epigrammatum Latinorum Col- lectanea. Possis ex Phoedri hæredibus aliquid eorum habere, ex Bembo, Be- roaldo Juniore, Anselmo Georgio, Nicolao Archicomite, Andrea Naucle- rio, Sannazaro, & si quos alios idoneos judicaveris. Ipse quædam collegi tibi non displicitura. Vale. Quarto Nonas Octobris. M. D. XX. Cras Avenionem fortasse ibo. Cataneo me commendabis & Arluno. EPISTOLA V. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, Cum nuntius mihi improviso repertus urgeat, ut quam ocyssime scribam, parces mihi Calve suavissime, si paucis tecum egero. Exanimasti me tuis literis, cum dubitare te refers, Galeacii Vicecomitis antiquos illos libros Fro-
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80 CLEAR AND MOST LEARNED. are pressed in Gaul. Galen’s Methodus , translated by Thomas Linacre. In Germany, certain Dialogues of Ulrich Hutten, and a history of the wars waged between the Emperors and the Roman Pontiff: and some works of Luther. At Basel, Erasmus of Rotterdam’s Dialogues, which he entitled Antibarbaros . These are now under the hammer; Cornelius Tacitus, and in him the little book on the situation of Germany, with I know not what translator. Here Minutianus has published certain Pyrrhiana . Galeazzo Visconti visits me daily with new requests that I should speak with you, so that those ancient books of his may be restored: I beg you also to do this; and no less that you should scrape from Erasmus’s nails that speech of mine to Matthia the Minorite, since I ask this, lest if it should fall into the hands of those ash-cart men, I am prepared for eternal war with them. I should like you to compile Collectanea Epigrammatum Latinorum , and to sift the libraries of those recent bards. It will be, believe me, an excellent work, if you apply yourself to it. Farewell. Avignon, 6 Kalends of October, 1520. EPISTLE IV. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. GREETING. Andreas Alciatus. Rome, I have at last satisfied your requests; what remains is that you take care that letters be delivered to him himself. Since you have reminded me that I should write to Justinian, I shall do so: you will inform me more precisely what sort of man he is, and on what subject letters should be sent to that man. I shall comply with you in all these matters, provided you know that I shall seek nothing from anyone for my own part, that our labors may be made useful. Is this empty little glory worth so much? Nor do I care much what the Italians think of those who profess beyond the territory of Italy. I am going to revise the notes on Ausonius, and I shall hand them over to you when you have set yourself to the printing of the work. I should like you to take diligent care of the Collectanea Epigrammatum Latinorum . You may be able to obtain some of them from Phaedrus’s heirs, from Bembo, Beraldo the Younger, Anselmo Giorgio, Nicolao Archicomite, Andrea Nauclerio, Sannazaro, and if there are others whom you judge suitable. I myself have collected certain pieces that will not displease you. Farewell. On the fourth day before the Nones of October, 1520. Tomorrow perhaps I shall go to Avignon. You will commend me to Cattaneo and Arluno. EPISTLE V. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. GREETING. Andreas Alciatus. Rome, Since a messenger has unexpectedly been found for me and urges me to write as quickly as possible, pardon me, sweetest Calvo, if I deal with you briefly. Your letters have quite taken me aback, when you say that you are in doubt about Galeazzo Visconti’s ancient books Fro-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 81 Frobenius impressioni mandet, idque facillimum factu ais, si Erasmus eos miserit, qui ad te destinentur, viderisque eidem aleæ subjicere orationem meam, (ita enim interpretor) quamvis amphibologice loquaris. O improbum Calvum! atque Alciato plusquam capitalem hostem, si id fiat! Quid enim mihi proderunt tot a te sparsi rumores, quid meæ vigiliæ, quid tot studia? si tu metalilabe, ceu veneno consperseris; malim emori. Lutherus, Picardi, Hussitæ cæteraque hæreticorum nomina, non ita infamia erunt, atque futurum est, si id sequatur, meum. Nescis, an nescire dissimulas horum cucullatorum factiones, vim, potentiam, exclamationes in pulpitis, execrationes. apud populum, detestationes, & id genus infinitamala, quæ in caput meum, (Dî talem avertite pestem) recasura sint? Intendam injuriæ formulam tibi in primis tanquam Vexillifero, mox Erasmo, tum Frobenio: inclamabo Deos & homines, omnem lapidem movebo, quo me repurgem, vos omnes noxæ reos faciam. An hæc est fides tua? confidentissime de scriniis meis!, scripta ea surripere, quæ ego amicus amico, tametsi futilia & inania, quicquid in buccam venisset, clam demandabam; nec id satis ea doctis & indoctis ostendere, deinde in Germania penes eum derelinquere, qui nihil ultra curat, quam ut publicentur, ut videlicet hostes suos armis alienis ulciscatur: meque in eas compedes conjicere, de quibus eximere me nunquam possim. Edentur sermones, summæ, conclusiones, invectivæ, hujusque argumenti mille genera operum, quibus nomen meum perfidius, detestabiliusque in Christiana Religione sit, quam vel Arrii, vel cujuslibet alterius sceleratissimi hominis. Exime, exime mihi scrupulum istum: mitte nuntium, qui omnino eam orationem abhortivam & spuriam, & studiorum meorum carcinoma de- lat, Vulcano tradat, ut nunquam in lucem emergere possit. Noli permit- tere diutius, me in hac molestia versari: neque me coge amicitiæ tuæ renuntia- re, vel potius ex amico inimicissimum fieri: idque justa causa. Neque enim cre- do te adeo impudentem fore, ut negare ausis, si mala fortuna hoc ferat, quin justissima omnia in te exempla edi possint. Quare te per omnes Deos superos, inferos, medioxumos obsecro & obtestor, ne hanc tam insignem in me inju- riam fieri sinas, amicitiamque meam ne contemnas, cujus causa omnes operas meas libenter collocaturus sum, & quotidie colloco; Si enim nescis, integra Donati commentaria super Vergilium nactus sum, tibi addicta, dum tu hoc me scru- pulo leves. Sed nuntius urget; Vale. Avenione x. Decemb. M. D. xx. EPISTOLA VI. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam. AD diem decimum Kalendarum Ianuarii allatæ ad me sunt literæ tuæ, qui- abus protinus responsionem dedi, quod in eis quædam continebantur, quæ celeri admonitione indigebant. Nunc animus mihi de concitatissimo paulo L quie-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 81 Frobenius, let it be sent to the press; and you say that this will be very easy to do, if Erasmus sends those who are to be directed to you, and if you should see him subject my speech to the same hazard, I so interpret it, though you speak ambiguously. O wicked Calvus! and, if this happens, a more than capital enemy of Alciatus! For what will all the reports spread abroad by you, what my sleepless labors, what all my studies profit me, if you should smear me, as it were with poison? I would rather die. Lutherans, Picards, Hussites, and the other names of heretics will not be so infamous as mine will be, if this follows. Do you not know, or do you pretend not to know, the factions, power, influence, cries from the pulpits, curses before the people, detestations, and the countless evils of this kind of these hooded men, which will fall back upon my head? (May the gods avert such a plague.) I shall first frame a legal complaint against you, as the standard-bearer, then against Erasmus, then against Frobenius; I shall call upon gods and men, I shall move every stone, to clear myself; I shall make you all guilty of the wrong. Is this your good faith? With the greatest assurance, to pilfer from my chests writings which I entrusted secretly, as friend to friend, though trivial and worthless, whatever came into my mouth; and not only to show them to the learned and the unlearned, but then to leave them in Germany with one who cares for nothing further than that they be published, so that he may avenge his enemies with another man’s weapons: and to throw me into those chains from which I can never free myself. Speeches, summaries, conclusions, invectives, and a thousand kinds of works of this sort will be published, by which my name may be made more perfidious and detestable in the Christian religion than even that of Arius, or of any other most wicked man. Remove, remove from me that scruple: send a messenger who will deliver that speech, wholly abortive and spurious, and the cancer of my studies, to Vulcan, so that it can never come forth into the light. Do not allow me any longer to remain in this trouble; nor force me to renounce your friendship, or rather to become your bitterest enemy, and that for just cause. For I do not believe you will be so shameless as to dare to deny that, if misfortune should bring this about, every sort of just example could be set against you. Therefore I beseech and adjure you by all the gods above, below, and in between, not to allow so great an injury to be done to me, and do not despise my friendship, on account of which I shall willingly devote all my efforts, and do daily devote them; for if you do not know it, I have obtained the complete commentaries of Donatus on Vergil, dedicated to you, while you relieve me of this scruple. But the messenger urges me on; farewell. Avignon, 10 December 1520. EPISTLE VI. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome. On the tenth day before the Kalends of January your letters were brought to me, to which I immediately gave a reply, because they contained certain matters that required prompt warning. Now my mind is in a state of very great agitation for a little while L quie-
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S2 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. quietior factus est; quod Amorbacchius animo me bono esse jusserit: se enim literas a Frobenio nuper recepisse, quibus ipse certior redditur, nullum de Erasmo nec librum, nec nuntium habuisse: cumque postquam Carolo Imperatori a consilio factus est, a studiis semotum agere: ut minime dubitandum mihi sit, ne epistola illa mea, vel potius delirium in lucem exeat. Ad hæc a Beato Rhenano accepisse, Frobenium in præsentia Tertulliani omnia opera solum emisisse; quæ res non mediocri me scrupulo levavit, tametsi non plane defecatus mihi sit animus. Quid enim si aliunde exeat? si Erasmus ipse alicui commodato tradat? fiantque inde plura exemplaria? quare fac Calvinam hic & fidem & diligentiam non desiderem, & hac me molestia libera. * Julio Arato respondi, statim ubi ejus epistolam a te mihi missam legi, eamque responsionem, una cum meis ad te literis mihi: nescio an ad te perlata sit. Nuntius fuit cantor quidam, qui Gasparis nostri Arluni summum se amicum prædicabat. Agitur jam fere tertius mensis. Non dimisi eas literas fratri tuo, quoniam is in Cremenses nundinas erat profectus. Quod scribis te curaturum, ut quam primum cognoscam, qua diligentia usus fueris, ut in Italiam professurus conducar, gaudebo si operæ pretium aliquod esseceris; præsertim quoniam vereor, ut satis duratura sint hac in urbe studia: ita undique in vicinis urbibus, Monte Pessulano, Nemauso, Vienna pestilitas bacchatur. Ego quam primum dubitari coeperit, vertam solum; nam ita mihi cum Decurionibus conventum est, stipendiaque interim ex pactione debentur. Si quicquam Patavii facturus hac de re es, poterit aliquo tibi adjumento esse Leonardus Hispanus, qui de Gallia illuc nuper est conductus, ut Medicinæ studia profiteatur: is mihi amicus, & Antonio Justiniano familiaris, poterit commendatione sua plurimum, nisi fallor, prodesse. Expecto literas ab his eruditis, quos tu mihi prædicas amicos, & quam primum se per epistolas mecum conciliaturos. Respondebo libenter illis, neque me officio aut modestia vinci sinam. Bullas nihil moror tanta mercede, si Catanæus impetrare gratis possit, non displicuerit eo modo palatii Apostolici esse comitem, alioquin spem pretio non emo, ut ille inquit. Ad Frobenium missurus non sum paradoxa; sed Amorbacchius non cum velle hoc negotii assumere ait, sed nescio quem alium nomine Andream: ejus cognomen non teneo. Is cum de vulgatis esset exemplum accepturus, vana spe hactenus elusus est; nimirum Amorbacchio ad eum scribente, se emendatissimum codicem missurum: ut nunc periculum esse non modicum ille asserat, quin qualecunque opus, etiam si instar editi corruptum, nihilominus impressoribus mandet, ita cum animatum esse: tu me admone, quid consilii capiendum sit. Extra ordinem in tractatum Digestorum de Verborum significatione Commentarios cudo: ex eis aliqua tibi tradere possum, quo cum auctario aliquo alios libros edas, si modo editurus es. Celerius pariunt elephanti, quam tu, plane Callipides. Ultra cubitum te promove. Quod ad volum en antiquitatum attinet, illud in præsentia penes me hic * Julium Pflug intelligit. Admonitus forte a Calvo Pflug germanica lingua dici aratrum.
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He has become quieter; because Amorbachius has ordered me to be of good cheer: for he says that he has lately received letters from Frobenius, by which he himself is informed that he has had neither book nor message from Erasmus; and since, after he was made a member of the Emperor Charles’s council, he is living away from studies, there is no room for me to doubt that that letter of mine, or rather folly, will not come to light. Besides, he has learned from Beatus Rhenanus that Frobenius has at present issued only all the works of Tertullian; which has relieved me of no small concern, though my mind is not entirely cleared. For what if it should come out from elsewhere? What if Erasmus himself should hand it over to someone on loan? And more copies are made from it? Therefore see that I do not lack faith and diligence here in Calvinus, and free me from this trouble. I answered Julio Aratus as soon as I read his letter sent to me by you, and that reply, together with my own letters to you, I know not whether it has been carried to you. The messenger was a certain singer, who proclaimed himself a great friend of our Gaspar Arluno. It has now been nearly three months. I did not send those letters to your brother, since he had set out for the Cremona fair. As for what you write, that you will take care that I may as soon as possible learn with what diligence you have acted, so that I may be hired to profess in Italy, I shall rejoice if you have done anything worth the effort; especially since I fear that studies here in this city will not last long enough: so from every side, in the neighboring cities, Montpellier, Nîmes, Vienna, the plague is raging. As soon as there is any doubt, I shall move away; for such is the agreement I have made with the Decurions, and in the meantime the stipend is owed according to the contract. If you are going to do anything about this at Padua, Leonardus Hispanus, who has lately been engaged there from France to profess the study of Medicine, may be of some help to you: he is a friend of mine, and familiar with Antonio Justiniano, and, unless I am mistaken, can be of very great service through his recommendation. I am expecting letters from those learned men whom you commend to me as friends, and that they will as soon as possible win my goodwill through letters. I shall gladly reply to them, and I shall not allow myself to be surpassed in duty or modesty. I care nothing for Bulls at so high a price, if Catanaeus can obtain them for nothing; in that way it would not be displeasing to be a companion of the Apostolic Palace; otherwise I do not buy hope at a price, as that man says. I am not going to send paradoxes to Frobenius; but Amorbachius says that he does not wish to undertake this business himself, but some other man named Andreas: I do not remember his surname. When he was to receive the printed copy, he has so far been deceived by empty hope; namely, Amorbachius writing to him that he would send the most corrected manuscript: so that now he asserts there is no small danger that he may nevertheless send whatever work it may be to the printers, even if corrupted like a published text, being thus minded; you must advise me what course is to be taken. I am writing extra ordinem commentaries on the Digest, on the title De Verborum significatione: from them I can hand over something to you, so that with some addition you may publish the other books, if indeed you intend to publish them. Elephants give birth faster than you do, quite Callipides. Move yourself forward beyond your elbow. As for the volume of antiquities, it is at present in my possession here. * He means Julius Pflug. He was perhaps reminded by Calvus that in German the word means “plow.”
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 83 lic est. Pollicitus eram Bernardo Castellano, qui hujus urbis Archidiaconus, & pro Sadoleto Carpenterate Vicarius, vir doctus, harumque rerum obser- vator, & mihi amicus est, ejus codicis copiam facere; quæ potissimum causa fuit, ut eum librum mecum afferrem; quod si dum in Italia essem, me sen- tentia istius tuæ certiorem fecisses, dum res erat integra, morem tibi gerere potuissem: nunc sero admones, & quod factum est, infectum fieri nequit. Quamvis nec consilium hac in re tuum probem. Non possunt ea Elogia impri- mi, nisi magno cum impendio, quod omne auferrent tessellarii, idque genus diatretarii, lignique sculptores propter iconas. Opus vero ipsum non nisi post diutinam moram vendibile, ut pote quod non multum utile, & solis curio- sis placeat: & quæ maxime causa est, ut a te dissentiam, melius & majore cum exlstimatione hujusmodi opera in scriniis latent, quam in librariis tabemis proponantur. Scribis te maximum confecisse ex scriptoribus recentibus vo- lumen. Vellem accuratius scripsisses, cujus argumenti ea sint opera: & non possum non parum mirari, cur tu, qui optime curiositatem meam nosti, tam negligenter hunc locum præterieris. Quare nominatim certiorem me fac, qui auctores, quæ scripta, quo argumento, quo docendi genere polleant. Fac aliquid ex Marcello Florentino habeas: is enim sub finem Dioscoridis se de mensuris, ponderibus, coloribus scripsisse refert, & quam primum editurum. Ea res apud me magna est in expectatione; vel ut videam, quid illi cum Bu- dæo non conveniat. De Equite nostro Vicecomite, quæ scribis, exequi non possum: si Mediolani adessem, de eo quicquid velles, omnia tibi impetrata facerem: quamvis & tu facile, quæ tua est suadela, hominem lenibus, vel so- la ampullosi alicujus tituli promissione, in qualiscunque libri Præfationem. Vellem me certiorem fecisses, cum Venetiisagebas, quo in me animo Egna- tium deprehendisti. Scripsi ad eum primo, quo huc accessi, anno: nimirum ut ei in animum inducerem, quo operam suam navaret, ut in Patavinum Gy- nasium accirer: is rescripsit nunquam: suspicor esse subiratum, quod episto- lam ad illum meam in prætermisis imprimi prætermiserim. Tu diligentissi- mus artifex hoc vulneris vel linamento explorabis. Cæterum & rem gratissi- mam mihi feceris, si vel primum quaternionem Romanarum antiquitatum mittas; ut inde degustem, quale illud opus futurum sit. Mihi persuaderi ne- quit, eam mercem bibliopolarum officinis lucrosam fore. Negotium edendi Plinii si ea ratione aggressus fueris, quam ad te scripsi, nihil utilius, nihil tibi honorificentius erit: & ab hujusmodi opere, æquum est Calvum, emun- ctissimæ naris hominem, auspicari. Iovius Benedictus mecum inhumaniter agit, qui pluries rogatus, ut in libellum ea conferat, quibus se a me dissen- tire profitetur, sæpissime diem diffidit, & nihil scribit, nisi literulas quasdam trium verborum, & omnino Laconicas. Velim eum tuis literis admoncas & incites, ut tandem unius mihi dieculæ operam præstet. Habui in principio studiorum orationem longissimam, dixique per duas horas, tam frequenti & plausibus certante auditorio, ut vix tibi persuadeas. Nisi tæderet tam lon- gam L 2
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Letters of Famous Men. 83 This is permissible. I had promised Bernardo Castellano, who is archdeacon of this city and vicar for Sadoleto at Carpentrate, a learned man and an observer of these matters, and a friend of mine, to make a copy of that manuscript available to him; this was chiefly the reason why I brought that book with me. If, while I was in Italy, you had made me aware of your view on this matter, then, while the matter was still unsettled, I could have accommodated you; now you advise me too late, and what has been done cannot be undone. Nor do I approve your judgment in this matter either. Those Elogia cannot be printed except at great expense, because all the mosaic workers, and craftsmen of that sort, and wood-carvers would take everything for the images. Moreover, the work itself would not be saleable except after a long delay, since it is not very useful and would please only the curious. And this is the chief reason why I disagree with you: such works are better hidden away in chests than displayed in booksellers’ shops, and enjoy greater esteem there. You write that you have put together a very large volume from recent writers. I wish you had written more precisely what subject those works treat, and I cannot help wondering greatly why you, who know my curiosity so well, should have passed over this point so carelessly. So let me know specifically which authors, what writings, on what subject, and what manner of teaching they possess. Be sure to include something you have from Marcello Florentino; for he says, at the end of Dioscorides, that he has written on measures, weights, and colors, and that he will publish it as soon as possible. That matter is of great interest to me, if only to see what he does not agree with Budé about. As for what you write about our Knight Vicecomite, I cannot carry it out. If I were in Milan, I would obtain for you whatever you wished from him. And yet you, with your usual persuasive power, could easily win the man over, even merely by the promise of some gaudy title in the preface to any book. I wish you had informed me, when you were staying in Venice, what impression you formed of Egnatius toward me. I wrote to him in the first year after I arrived here, namely so as to persuade him to apply his efforts to being summoned to the Gymnasium at Padua; he wrote back never. I suspect he is offended because I omitted to have my letter to him printed among the omitted pieces. You, a most diligent craftsman, will investigate this wound with either a bandage or a probe. Moreover, you would have done me a very great favor if you were to send even the first quire of the Roman Antiquities, so that I may taste from it what kind of work it will be. I cannot be persuaded that this merchandise will be profitable for booksellers’ workshops. If you have taken up the business of publishing Pliny in the way I wrote to you, nothing will be more useful, nothing more honorable to you; and it is proper that such a work should begin with Calvus, a man of the keenest nose. Benedictus Iovius behaves discourteously toward me, since, though repeatedly asked to contribute to the little book the things by which he professes to disagree with me, he very often puts me off, and writes nothing except a few little notes of three words, entirely Laconic. I wish you would admonish and encourage him by your letters, so that at last he may give me the labor of a single day. At the beginning of my studies I delivered a very long speech and spoke for two hours, to such a large audience and one so eager to compete in applause that you would scarcely believe it. If I were not tired of such a long...
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84 CLARIS. ET DOCTISS. gam orationem scribere, vel abamanuense meo, homine imperitissimo scriptam relegere, ejus exemplum ad te mitterem. Cum Mediolanieris, ab Albutio assumere poteris: ipse enim ab autographo meo sibi desumpsit. Epi- grammatum Latinorum collectanea discupio videre, & in eis judicio quo- cunque meo uti: nec tibi persuadeas asymbolum me futurum: habeo enim li- cet pauca, quæ vel cum antiquis certent. Sed hujus rei omnibus studiosis pe- nuria facienda est, nec temere in eo alicujus nomen describendum, præter- quam qui vel eruditissimus, vel Calvini numinis observantissimus habeatur. Per- legi, cum Mediolani essem, quam plurimos ex recentioribus istis poëtis, ut in- de aliqua eligerem, quæ in centonem illum infarcirentur. Ita me Deus amet, ut ex quamplurimis nec unum quidem Epigramma reperi judicio tuo dignum. Quapropter iratus malis poëtis, quorum libros dum pervolvo, tantum tem- poris frustra contrivissem, in id carmen ipse, quamvis ineptum (sed cur tibi fa- miliariter quicquid in buccam venit non scribam) prorupi. Marsi, Camperii, Rubri, Caquini, Qui tantam historia luem sceastis, Prorsim scribere prorsus imperiti, Saxa, Cantalyci, Plati, Peloti, Nostra fex mera dedecusque lingua, Qui tot carmina tam cacata fertis: Quam vobis meritam rogabo pænam, Mali ô historici mali, poëtæ? Hanc hanc scilicet; invicem legatis Alter alterius malos libellos: Nullo & tempore vendicare nasum Deputi hac liceat lue, & latrina. O pænam stygiis parem piaclis. Vides quo iræ proruperim ob hujuscemodi recentium ineptias. Tu tamen epigramma hoc supprime, ne crabrones excitem. Agit hic in Dominici Cæ- nobio prædicatorii ordinis vir quidam Brixiensis, eruditus Theologus & elo- quens Professor: is librum composuit, in quo Thomæ, recentiumque omni- um Theologiam congessit, miro ordine, summa cum claritate, & tanta ser- monis elegantia, ut quemlibet ex antiquis celeberrimum referat. Excrevit opus in jussum volumen, quod ut impressoribus tradas omnino volo: vel hac causa, quod eum nomini meo librum dedicat. Mirareris, quam libenter ine- ptus ipse faveo laudibus meis, amoque eum Virum, tum propter summam eruditionem, tum quod ipse vicissim me amat & colit. Scripsi ad te alias, nactum me integrum Donati Commentarium, quo ille Vergilium interpre- tatur: is in castro quodam sancti Maximini, quod est prope Aquas Sextias in Provincia, habetur: inibiem bibliotheca est a Renato Andegavensi in gra- tiam quorundam Monachorum instructa; suntque plerique libri, quos? Marius Philolphus eo congessit, sunt & quos bellorum calamitas, quæ sub eo rege in Nea-
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84 CLARIS. ET DOCTISS. If I were to write out the speech, or to reread it as written by my poor amanuensis, a most unskilled man, I would send you a copy of it. When you are in Milan, you can obtain one from Albutius: for he himself took his copy from my autograph. I am eager to see the collections of Latin epigrams, and to use whatever judgment of mine may be of any value in them; nor should you persuade yourself that I shall contribute nothing, for I have, though few in number, some pieces that might even contend with the ancients. But for this matter a shortage must be made good among all those devoted to such studies, and no man’s name should be inserted in it rashly, except one who is thought either most learned or most faithful to the spirit of Calvin. When I was in Milan, I read through as many of those recent poets as I could, so as to choose from them something to be stuffed into that cento. So help me God, from the very many I found not even a single epigram worthy of your judgment. Wherefore, angry at the bad poets, whose books, while I was running through them, had made me waste so much time in vain, I broke out myself into this poem, inept though it be (but why should I not, in familiar style, write whatever comes into my mouth?): Marsi, Camperii, Rubri, Caquini, You who have created such a plague of history, Quite utterly ignorant of how to write at all, Saxa, Cantalyci, Plati, Peloti, Mere dregs and disgrace of our language, You who bear so many poems so foully made: What penalty, worthy of you, shall I ask for, O evil historians, evil poets? This, this indeed: let you read one another’s Bad little books in turn, And may it be allowed that at no time You lay claim to a nose except for this plague and privy. O penalty equal to Stygian atonements. You see into what fury I have broken out on account of the follies of men of recent times of this sort. Nevertheless suppress this epigram, lest I stir up hornets. There is here at the Dominican convent of Dominici a certain man of Brescia, a learned theologian and eloquent professor: he has composed a book in which he has gathered the theology of Thomas and of all the moderns, in marvelous order, with the greatest clarity, and with such elegance of style that it rivals any of the most famous ancients. The work has grown into a full-sized volume, which I most certainly want you to hand over to the printers: if for no other reason, because he dedicates the book to my name. You would marvel how gladly I myself, though a fool, favor my own praises, and I love that man both because of his outstanding learning and because he in return loves and esteems me. I wrote to you before that I had found the complete commentary of Donatus, in which he explains Virgil: it is kept in a certain castle of Saint Maximin, which is near Aix in Provence. There is a library there, furnished by René of Anjou for the benefit of certain monks; and there are most of the books which Marius Philolphus gathered there, as well as those which the calamity of war, under that king, in Nea-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 85 Neapolitano regno fuit, dissipavit, donec in eam bibliothecam reponerentur. Non poterit is liber a me haberi, exemplum poterit, cum aliquo tamen æris mei dispendio. Tu me certiorem facias, an eo libro tibi usus esse possit. Non hæc scribo, quod nesciam, quantum nominis Maronianus iste interpres tibi additurus sit, si eum edideris, quamque venalis ea merx futura sit; sed quia forte tu aliunde aliud exemplar potuisti nancisci. Nisi enim fallor istic in Vaticana haberi aliquando accepi. Quicquid erit, me certum sententiæ tuæ facias. Cæterum nec illud a te prætermittendum est, ut si in reditu in patriam tuo per Aëmiliam Viam iter feceris, Cesenam divertas, excutiasque divi Francisci, quæ ibi extat, bibliothecam. Quædam enim antiqua eo in loco esse fama est, extareque præsertim Ammianum Marcellinum integrum. Cura quæso hoc diligenter. In bibliotheca Veneta est, nescio quis, author Græcus, qui de equorum cura conscripsit, ad hæc quadrupedum, aviumque medicinam complexus est: perquam utile opus erit, si exemplum describi curaveris, & ab aliquo translatum edideris: nemo est ex potentibus, divitibusque viris, qui non emat, tum propter equos, mulos, armenta, canes, tum propter falcones, accipitres, idque genus curviunguia, quæ scis quam enixe illi procurent: quoniam ad me quandoque scripsisti, & Claudium Ptolemæum, & quosdam alios in professione hac nostra non parvi nominis, asserere, pleraque habere, quibus a me dissentiant; non parum gratiæ apud me inibis, si bonis verbis ab eis extorquere poteris, ut vel unum proferant locum, scribantque; promiserisque cis vel solidam benevolentiam meam, si hoc facere in animum inducere poterunt. Julius Calvus, ut accepi, quædam opera Hippocratis transfert: velim tuum de eo judicium scire, & librorum clenchum. Quid item Janus Parrhasius moliatur, an totum eum bonis studiis podagra abstulerit. Cum Mediolani profiteretur, egoque in prima rudimentorum infantia versarer, assiduamque lectioni suæ operam darem, tametsi adhuc puerulus, commodavi illi Iuvenalis Satyras manuscriptas & vetustissimas, quantum unquam alium librum viderim, is nunquam restituit, & tametsi malæ fidei possessor usu suum fecisse putet, si posse salva ejus gratia eum librum de unguibus ejus reglutinare, & rem gratam mihi faceres, & ejus nomine condignam, cum bonum virum non deceat alieno contra fidem uti. Paulum Iovium, Jo. Mariam Catanæum, meonomine salutabis, Arulenumque salute imparties. Vale. Avenione Decimo quarto Kalendas Ianuarias M. D. xx. EPISTOLA VII. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Romam, Scripsi superioribus diebus binas ad te literas, ex quibus alteras sane quam longissimas: eas scio adhuc non recepisti, sed ubi receperis, quæso paris prolixitatis tuas reddi, ut rerum tuarum non minus ipse sim con- L 3 scius,
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LETTERS OF MEN. 85 It was in the kingdom of Naples; it was scattered about, until it was restored to that library. I cannot have that book from myself; I can have a copy, though with some expense of my own money. You should let me know whether you can make use of that book. I am not writing this because I do not know how much that Maronian interpreter will add to your reputation if you publish him, and how saleable that merchandise will be; but because perhaps you may have been able to obtain another copy elsewhere. For unless I am mistaken, I received word that it was once kept there in the Vatican. Whatever happens, let me be certain of your judgment. Moreover, this also must not be omitted by you: if on your return to your native country you should travel by way of the Via Aemilia, turn aside to Cesena and inspect the library there, which is in the convent of St. Francis. For it is said that certain ancient works are in that place, and especially that the complete Ammianus Marcellinus is there. Please take care about this diligently. In the Venetian library there is, I know not who, a Greek author who has written about the care of horses, and has also included the treatment of quadrupeds and birds: it will be a very useful work, if you take care to have a copy transcribed and published, translated by someone. There is no one among the powerful and wealthy men who would not buy it, both because of horses, mules, herds, dogs, and because of falcons, hawks, and that kind of crooked-clawed animals, which you know they diligently provide for: since you once wrote to me that Claudius Ptolemaeus, and certain others of no small reputation in this our profession, affirm that they have many things with which they disagree with me; you will gain no little favor with me if you can by kind words extort from them at least one passage, and have them write it down; and promise them either my full good will, if they can bring themselves to do this. Julius Calvus, as I have learned, is translating certain works of Hippocrates: I should like to know your judgment of him, and the list of his books. Also what Janus Parrhasius is about, or whether gout has taken him entirely away from good studies. When he was teaching at Milan, and I was still in the first infancy of my studies, and was devoting myself diligently to his reading, although I was then still a little boy, I lent him my manuscript and very ancient Juvenal Satires, as old as any book I have ever seen; he never returned them, and although the possessor, in bad faith, may think he has made them his own by use, if you can, without harming him, reglue that book from his claws, and do me a pleasing thing, and one worthy of him, since it does not become a good man to use another’s property against faith. You will greet Paulus Jovius, Jo. Maria Catanæus, in my name, and convey my greetings to Arulenus. Farewell. Avignon, on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of January, 1520. LETTER VII. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. H. P. Rome, I wrote you two letters on the previous days, one of which was indeed very long: I know you have not yet received them, but when you have received them, I ask that you send me letters of equal length, so that I too may be no less informed about your affairs, L 3 conscious,
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86 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. scius, quam solebam, & quam tu mearum es. Nunc rur[us] ad te scribere de- crevi, appendicemque quandam literarum aliarum facere, ut quæ a me tum vel per incuriam neglecta, vel per oblivionem prætermissa erant, possis ea quoque in tui cognitionem attrahere. Scribe autem hæc celeriter, & frigens, & quodque verbum in buccam venit, exaratum repono: ne mireris, si ineptum aliquid recidat & barbaricum, minimeque docto homini conveniens. Budæus nuper epistolarum volumen Badianis typis edidit, in his aliquæ sunt sane quam honorificam de me mentionem facientes: sed inter cæteras una est quam ad Longolium misit, quo tempore is Venetiis agebat: ea & prolixa & fere tota de me est. Abrenuntiat omnem annotationum in jure civili amplius provinciam, & in me tanquam aptiorem onus omne delegat, profertque testimonium de me sane quam egregium: tacite tamen conqueritur præreptam eam sibi palnam. Damnat, & licet modeste, non tamen, ut ego sentio, sine stomacho, tanquam aliquid de suis libris subripuerim, rursusque errasse me in cujusdam loci restitutione clamitat, & de mille & quingentis, centum & quinquaginta festertia fecisse: quæ omnia futilia sunt nec vera. Nam quod ad errorem attinet, incuria amanuensis fuit, quam protinus deprehendi, & Prætermisforum libro primo, in verbo minus lectorem admonui. Rescripsi illi nihilominus perquam humaniter, ultroque gratias egi, repurgavique ac delevi: scis quæ mihi objiciebat: nisi quod epistola longissima est, eam ad te mitterem. Marius Salomonius in opere suo frequenter Bartolomæum Veronensem in titulo de verborum significatione habet authorem. Hunc ego tractatum ex ordine profiteor ita eleganter & erudite, ut & acheronticos senes in ea lectione habeam discipulos; opinor ut cum in Elisios venerint, possint Papiniano & Scevolæ oculati esse testes, degere hac inter homines ætate cum, qui non minori judicio leges tractet, quam ipsi fecerint. Is Bartolomæus (seu Cæpollam mavis) non parum mihi usui esset, si ejus videndi copiam habere possem: quare vide si ab eo accipere commodato illud opus queas, & ad me quamprimum mitte. Claudius Cantiuncula Metensis, qui nunc Basileæ jura profitetur, Topica elegantissime in Jure Civili scripsit, in quibus me tot laudibus onerat, cumulumque auget, ut neque plaustrum Sarmaticum tot ferre possit. Experior mihi in dies & horas magis æquos Germanos & Gallos: de Italis nisi nasum & invidiam in me deflecti video, hicque se quædam annotasse, quibus ego decipiar, alius stilum damnare, alius eruditionem, cum tamen de eis nihil exeat, præter vera somnia: nisi amici illius paradoxa, orationemque funebrem bilinearem, hujusmodique minutias macerrimas in numerum ponas, quas ego nihil magis duco, quam fractam alutam. Di boni faciant doctis illis, ut Cataneo & Ptolemaeo tuo, qui aut laudant, aut si reprehendunt, cum ratione hoc agunt. Exoriuntur & nescio qui Celtiberi Alexandrinensesque, quos, si mihi digitum intenderint, de Valentinensi Rhodano ultra Tanarum Catulliano lotio submovebo. Dii male perdant invidos, de quibus quamptimum videbis triumphantem Alciatum inter tot legiones & responsorum, &
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86 MOST DISTINGUISHED AND LEARNED. I am more learned than I used to be, and more than you are of my writings. Now I have again resolved to write to you, and to make as it were an appendix to other letters, so that what through carelessness on my part was overlooked, or through forgetfulness omitted, you may also draw into your knowledge. But I write these things quickly and coldly, and whatever word comes into my mouth I put down in writing: do not be surprised if something silly or barbarous should slip in, and something not at all fitting for a learned man. Budé recently published a volume of letters in the Badian press; in these there are some certainly making a very honorable mention of me. But among the others there is one which he sent to Longolius, at the time when the latter was staying in Venice: it is both lengthy and almost entirely about me. He renounces the whole province of annotations on civil law, and delegates all the burden to me as the more suitable man, and gives a testimony of me truly excellent; yet he complains quietly that the palm has been snatched from him. He condemns me, and though modestly, yet, as I think, not without irritation, as though I had filched something from his books, and he cries out that I have again gone wrong in the restoration of a certain passage, and that I have made of 1,500 sesterces only 150: all of which is idle and untrue. For as regards the error, it was the carelessness of the copyist, which I immediately detected, and in the first book of the Prætermissa , in the word minus , I warned the reader. Nevertheless I replied to him with great courtesy, and of my own accord gave thanks, and I corrected and deleted it: you know what he was objecting to me about; otherwise, if the letter were not so very long, I would send it to you. Marius Salomonius in his work frequently cites Bartolomeo of Verona as the author in the title On the Signification of Words . I openly profess that I have profited from this treatise so elegantly and eruditely that I have in that reading even the aged of Acheron as my pupils; I suppose that when they have come to the Elysian Fields, they may stand as eyewitnesses to Papinian and Scaevola, that they lived here among men in an age with one who handled the laws with no less judgment than they themselves had done. That Bartolomeo (or Ceppolla, if you prefer) would be of no little use to me if I could have the chance of seeing him; wherefore see whether you can borrow that work from him and send it to me as soon as possible. Claudius Cantiuncula of Metz, who now lectures on law at Basel, has written on Topica in civil law most elegantly; in that work he loads me with so many praises, and heaps them up so much, that not even a Sarmatian wagon could carry them all. Day by day and hour by hour I find Germans and Frenchmen more fair-minded toward me; as for the Italians, I see only their nose and envy turned against me, and one annotates certain things by which I may be deceived, another condemns my style, another my learning, though from them nothing comes out except true dreams: unless you count the paradoxes of that friend, and the double-lined funeral oration, and such very meager trifles, which I consider nothing more than rotten leather. Good gods, let those learned men prosper, like your Cataneus and Ptolemaeus, who either praise, or if they criticize, do so with reason. There arise also I know not what Celtiberians and Alexandrians, whom, if they point a finger at me, I shall drive beyond the Valentinian Rhone and beyond Tanarus with Catullus’ urine. May the gods utterly destroy the envious, concerning whom you will very soon see Alciatus triumphant among so many legions, both of responses, and of...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 87 & Scholiorum, & glossematum decumanarumque lecturarum, una cum Ptolomæi tui centurionibus peditibusque subsidiariis, ut nemo sit, qui non vertat terga. Erunt prorsus res ut Græce loquar . Si Longolium videris, meo nomine eum saluta. Vale. Avenione pridie Kalendas Ianuarii M. D. XXI. EPISTOLA VII. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, Bacai quam mira sunt, quæ proxime datis ad me literis scripsisti: qui non contentus de his, quæ in Aquilone gerantur, certiorem me fecisse, etiam Orientis res perstrinxisti, tametsi eas scires nihil ad nos pertinere: sed ea est tua diligentia, ut curiositati meæ undique satisfacere conatus fueris, compilatis forte etiam Iovii nostri annalibus. Sed in eo me plane dubium reddidisti, quod in Choregraphia mea, sive penicillo delineatam, sive calamo ab auctoribus descriptam respexerim, Amanum Castrum non reperio; Sed hujus nominis montem in Ciliciæ faucibus. De Castro aliquo, quod in eo situm sit, tu, ut opinor, sensulti. Vetera tamen penes me erant ista omnia, nam Genuenses hic foenerant multi mercatores, a quibus fere eadem acceperam: nisi quod tu diligentior, & Imperatorum nomine adscripto. A Septentrione præter hæc, quæ de te accepi, sunt & alia mihi explorata: nimirum Alexandrum tandem Lutheri libros Moguntiaci concremasse, quod ubi ille audivit * Francisci nescio cujus Principis Franconis ope, statim prosuggestu, cum prius quam plurimis in captivitatem, ut ipse appellat, Babyloniæ perorasset, corpus juris Canonici, Magistrum sententiarum, bullamque Pontificiam flammis tradidisse. Vide ridiculum hostimentum. Adhæc Frobenius universa Tertulliani opera impressioni tradit, misitque ad me codicem Theodosianum vetustissimis caracteribus de Morbaccensi Monasterio commodato acceptum. Idem admonuit Erasmum in resurrectionis festis Basileæ futurum, ejus nunc Dialogos, quos antibarbaros inscripsit, sub prælo habere. Quæ scribis de Secretario Veneto gratissima sunt; sed næ tu homo es, quanquam enixe me rogas, ut ad eum dem literas, extorquereque id de me satagere videris, ridiculus, qui nomen non scribis; an me vis simpliciter inscribere Secretario Veneto? quasi unus solum sit, qui hoc munere fungatur. Nil certe libentius ipse facturus sim, si ejus mihi nomen suggesteris: tum qui vir sit, ut servire scenæ possim. Nam & de Cefano idem fere peccasti, qui non admonueris sit doctor, an auditor, an quivis alius. Ex ejus enim ad me scriptis, constituere non queo, quantum valeat; Nisi tamen sallor, non multum: sunt enim trichæ & leptologemata, quibus a me dissentit: tamen gaudeo, quod nihil cum gravius in opere meo offenderit. Scribam ad eum humanissime, nam ita meretur, qui tanta fuit bonitate, ut tot foliorum describendo- rum * Frederici voluit dicere Saxonia Electoris.
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LETTERS OF MEN. 87 and of scholia and glosses and the thousand extra readings, together with your Ptolemy’s centurions and auxiliary foot-soldiers, so that there is no one who will not turn his back. Matters will be quite, as I may say in Greek. If you see Longolius, greet him in my name. Farewell. At Avignon, on the day before the Kalends of January, 1521. EPISTLE VII. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome, How strange are the things you wrote to me in your most recent letter: you, who did not content yourself with informing me of what is happening in the North, also touched upon the affairs of the East, although you knew that they concern us not at all. But such is your diligence that you have tried to satisfy my curiosity from every quarter, perhaps even by plundering the annals of our Jovius. Yet on one point you have made me entirely uncertain: when I look into my chorography, whether drawn with a brush or described with a pen by the authors, I find no Amanum Castrum; but I do find a mountain of that name in the passes of Cilicia. About some castle situated there, I think you have a better notion. Still, all these things were long ago known to me, for many Genoese merchants were lending money here, from whom I had learned almost the same things: except that you were more diligent, and with the names of the emperors added. Besides the things I have received from you about the North, other matters too are known to me: namely, that Alexander has at last burned Luther’s books at Mainz, which when he heard, with the help of some Francis, I know not which prince of the Franconians, immediately from the pulpit, after first declaiming, as he calls it, to many about the captivity of Babylon, he delivered to the flames the body of Canon Law, the Master of the Sentences, and the Papal Bull. See the ridiculous exchange. Moreover, Froben is sending all the works of Tertullian to press, and he has sent me the Theodosian Code, copied in very ancient characters, which he had received on loan from the Monastery of Morbach. The same man informed me that Erasmus will be in Basel at Easter, and that he now has under the press his Dialogues, which he entitled Anti-Barbarian. What you write about the Venetian secretary is most welcome; but indeed, man, although you urgently ask me to send him a letter and seem eager to wring that from me, it is absurd that you do not write his name; do you want me simply to address it to “the Venetian secretary”? as if there were only one who holds that office. I would certainly do so most gladly, if you were to suggest his name to me: then I would know what sort of man he is, so that I may act properly. And in the matter of Cefano you have made much the same mistake, since you have not told me whether he is a doctor, a listener, or anyone else. For from his writings to me I cannot determine how much he is worth; unless I am mistaken, not much: for there are trifles and small technical quibbles with which he disagrees with me. Yet I am glad that he has found nothing more serious to object to in my work. I shall write to him most courteously, for he deserves it, having been so kind as to have copies made of so many folios- rum * He meant to say Frederick, Elector of Saxony.
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88 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. rum causa mea onus susceperit: cum etiam ab amicis veteribus nec duos quidem versus extorquere possim, ut a Iovio tuo. Et hæc quidem postremis literis; ad alteras venio, (Hysteron proteron, te Grammaticum nihil veritus, feci.) Quod ais quam primum privilegia expeditum iri seu præstita, seu non, pecunia; in illud conferre pecuniam non placet, nisi perquam modicam, ut scripturario- rum mercedem, qualis est aureus unus vel duo. Quare vide ne mandatis non stes. Hic enim hujusmodi diplomate uti non auderem, quia subirem humeris meis non ferendam a collegiatis doctorculis invidiam. Quo autem tempore alio usui sit, in incerto est. Perparce igitur. Claudii Ptolemæi annotationes libentissime videbo, eique gratias agam, si eo humanitatis genere me demere- ri voluerit. Paradoxis quæ in præsentia addam non habeo: quæ enim in manibus sunt, non paradoxorum accessiones, sed ejusmodi sunt, ut levissima illis accessio paradoxa ipsa sint. Quod scribis fore, ut brevi literas a magnis viris accipiam, quorum opera ad Ius Civile in Italia profitendum advocer, gratum erit, si for suat, & forte conditionem non detrectabo, loca enim vicina undique pestilentia infestantur. Si urbem quoque pervaderet, advolarem pro- tinus in Patriam, promercalemque me exhiberem, etiam suspensa hedera. Vale. Nonis Februarii M. D. XXI. EPISTOLA VIII. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam. Sollenne tibi est quoties ad me das literas, aliquid de Lutherio scribere, somnemque lapidem movere, quo in eum animos sumam. Ipse imparem me oneri agnosco, quare hanc spem ex corde tuo divelle: nec enim unquam impetrabis, ut Sutor supra crepidam ascendam. Mariani orationem, magis ut tuæ voluntati morem geram, quam quodeamprohem, perlegam & emendabo. Forte & sub ficto nomine epigrammate insigniam. Non negaverim, si cæteris scribliginibus, quæ hactenus editæ sunt, conferatur, eam esse aliquid: istos enim Magiros Palatii & Isidoros hujusque monetæ scriptores non pluris facio, quam scarabæum. At de Vio, (non videtur mihi omnino devius; si rationibus suis sermonis munditiem addidisset,) mirum est hominem tam arrogantem, eundem & tam infantem esse, & non demittere animum, cum se ipsum conspicit, si modo aliquando se conspicit, & non semper extra habitat: utcunque pluris facio eum, quam quemlibet alium, qui hactenus hujusmodi argumentum attentarit; nam acutus est & brevis & acerrimus disputator. Vellem aliquid & in hoc genere Egidius attentasset, aliquantisperque Iudæismum sine-ret quicseere, dum hoc agit. Salomonii literas legi perhumanas, mererentur tam boni mores, & bonas literas: quamvis ipse non indoctus sit; sed certe vir tam magnus natu plura scire deberet. Negat se quicquam nostrorum operum
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88 MOST CLEAR AND MOST LEARNED. for whose sake he has taken up my burden: since even from old friends I can scarcely wring two verses, as from your Jovius. And so much for the last letters; I come to the others, (a hysteron proteron I have made, having shown no fear of your being a Grammarian.) As for what you say, that the privileges will be expedited as soon as possible, whether granted or not, with money; I do not like to contribute money toward that, unless very little, such as the fee of the scribes, which is one or two gold pieces. Therefore see that you do not fail to carry out the instructions. For I would not dare to use such a diploma here, because I should incur, on my own shoulders, the envy of the little doctor fellows, which I could not bear. At what other time it may be useful, however, is uncertain. So be sparing. I shall be very glad to see the annotations of Claudius Ptolemy, and I shall thank him if he wishes to oblige me by such a kindness. I have no paradoxes to add at present: for the things now in hand are not additions to paradoxes, but are such that even the slightest addition to them would itself be paradoxical. What you write, that I am soon to receive letters from great men, whose influence may be used to procure my appointment to teach Civil Law in Italy, will be welcome, if it should happen, and perhaps I shall not decline the condition, for the surrounding places are everywhere infested by pestilence. If it should also invade the city, I would fly at once to my native land and present myself as a hireling, even with ivy hanging over me. Farewell. On the Nones of February, 1521. EPISTLE VIII. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. GREETINGS. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome. It is your custom, whenever you send letters to me, to write something about Luther, and to move every stone in order to stir me up against him. I myself recognize that I am unequal to the burden, so tear this hope out of your heart: for you will never obtain that I should, as the saying goes, let the cobbler go above the sandal. I shall read Mariani’s speech, and correct it, more in order to comply with your wish than because I approve it. Perhaps I shall even adorn it with an epigram under a fictitious name. I would not deny that, if it is compared with the other scribblings that have so far been published, it is something; for those writers of the Palace, and Isidoros and the like, I value no more than a scarab beetle. But as for Vio, (he does not seem to me altogether off the mark; if he had added elegance of style to his arguments,) it is astonishing that a man so arrogant should be at the same time so childish, and should not lower his pride when he looks at himself, if indeed he ever looks at himself, and does not always live outside himself: nevertheless I value him more than anyone else who has so far attempted this kind of subject; for he is sharp, brief, and a very keen disputant. I should wish that Aegidius had attempted something in this line as well, and had for a while allowed Judaism to keep quiet while he is occupied with this. I read Salomonius’s letters, which were very courteous, and deserved such good manners and good letters: although he himself is not unlearned; but certainly a man of so great an age ought to know more. He says that none of our works...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 89 operum legisse, eaque anxie de te expectare asserit: quod illi facile crediderim; ostendit enim in Gallo suo, non multam se operam navasse in bonorum authorum lectione. Scribam ad eum & par pari reddam. Forte & ab eo Pauli illos sententiarum libros commodato petam; quamvis non dubitem quin sint iidem, quos ego de Germania accepi. Scarlatinum plurimum diligo & observo: leonem ex unguibus existimavi. Epistola enim quam ad me dedit, non solum Latinitatis eum studiosum esse ostendit, sed & prudentem. Itaque non dubito quin optimus Jurisconsultus sit: & tantum illi tribuo, quantum ex his, qui hoc anno ad me scripserunt, nemini. Quapropter meo nomine illi gratias age. Respondebo ejus literis, quamprimum otium aliquod nactus ero. Claudio rescriberem, si Avenione ad me relatæ ejus literæ fuissent: rari nuntii illinc ad nos commeant. Vix erit ut hoc mense pervenire ad me possint. Ultro ad eum literas darem, si modo scirem quid scriberem, vel saltem cujus argumenti ejus epistola esset. Tu interim me illi facito commendatissimum. Quæ scribis de nasutissimo homine Sanctio, in quam partem accipiam nescio, nec extricare possum, donec certiorem me errorum meorum facias. Tametsi occupatissimus sex verba signare poterit; nam mihi hoc erit satis. Nec enim sententiæ suæ rationem ab eo scire multum laboraturus sum: sed ex me ipso experiar, an eam reperire excogitareque possum. Vale. Mediolani. Nonis Aprilis. M.D. XXI. EPISTOLA IX. FRANCISCO CALVO. S.D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, Scripsisti nuper diffusissimas literas: in quo non possum diligentiam tuam non admirari, quamvis prolixe scribere, otii magis mihi videatur, quam curæ. At quæ reipsa egisti, summam procul dubio, forte & immodicam sedulitatem ostendunt; qui tantum de me angeris, fereque cruciaris, ut nullius judicium inexploratum sinas: tamque ægre sermonem, nescio cujus Abduatis tulisti, ut longam mihi illiadam de re diobolari perscripseris. Ego hominem non agnosco, qui etsi blateret me sibi cognitum, tamen & absque Chrysippi syllogismis protinus convinci potest. Ait me in convivium semel accitum, ut secum colloquerer. Atqui nusquam ego Bononiæ, præterquam in Satiliædes convivio acceptus fui, nemoque fuit mihi , quem non agnoscam: in quorum numero minime ille est. Interroga eum, qua facie sim, protinus mendacem deprehendes. Gloriatur centum errata de in meis in tres codicis libros annotationibus invenisse, qui forte nec Latine scit. Qui enim centum deprehendere potuit in libello centum versus vix continente? Proferat vel unum, & paratus sum herbam dare. Tametsi enim me non lateat subesse aliquas mendas, quæ non ad eruditionem, sed ad fortunam emendatioris codicis pertinent. Scio tamen ejusmodi esse, ut homines hi gloriosuli deprehendere M no-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 89 he says that he has read your works and is anxiously awaiting them from you: which I can easily believe of him; for he shows, in his Frenchman, that he has not devoted much effort to the reading of good authors. I shall write to him and give him tit for tat. Perhaps I shall also ask him on loan for those books of Paul on sentences; though I do not doubt that they are the same as those I received from Germany. I greatly love and esteem Scarlatinus: I judged the lion from his claws. For the letter which he sent to me shows not only that he is studious of Latinity, but also prudent. Therefore I do not doubt that he is a most excellent jurist: and I attribute to him as much as to no one among those who have written to me this year. Wherefore give him thanks in my name. I shall reply to his letter as soon as I have obtained some leisure. I would write back to Claudio, if his letter had been forwarded to me from Avignon: few messages come from there to us. It will scarcely be possible for his letter to reach me this month. I would send him letters of my own accord, if only I knew what to write, or at least what subject his letter concerned. Meanwhile make me most recommended to him. What you write about that sharp-nosed man Sanction I do not know how to take, nor can I unravel it until you make me more certain of my errors. Although he is very busy, he can sign six words; for that will be enough for me. Nor indeed shall I trouble much to learn from him the reason for his opinion: but I shall try it out from myself, whether I can find it and devise it. Farewell. Milan. The Nones of April. 1521. LETTER IX. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. Greetings. Andreas Alciatus. Rome, You recently wrote at length: in which I cannot but admire your diligence, though to write at length seems to me more a matter of leisure than of care. But what you actually did certainly shows the greatest, perhaps even excessive, zeal; you are so troubled on my account, and almost tormented, that you leave the judgment of no one unexamined: and you took so ill the talk, I know not of whose Abduatus, that you wrote me a long Iliad on a devilish matter. I do not know the man, who, although he blusters that he is known to me, can nevertheless be immediately refuted even without Chrysippus’s syllogisms. He says that once I was invited to dine with him, so that I might converse with him. Yet nowhere in Bologna was I received except at the banquet of Satiliaedes, and there was no one there whom I do not recognize: and among that number he is by no means one. Ask him what I look like, and you will at once catch him in a lie. He boasts that he has found a hundred errors in my annotations on the three books of the codex, though perhaps he scarcely knows Latin. For who could have detected a hundred in a little book scarcely containing a hundred verses? Let him produce even one, and I am ready to give in. Although I am not unaware that there are certain faults, which pertain not to scholarship but to the accident of a more correct manuscript. Yet I know them to be such that these boastful fellows can detect no-
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noctuinis oculis eas nequeant. Quapropter non possum facilitatem tuam non irridere. O Calvinum acumen! quod & cæcis deprensu facillima non perspicit! Ex tu persuaderi mihi posse credebas, ut eum literis meis honorarem, vel onerarem potius, nisi Cataneum invocaret, qui illi responsionem dictare aut subnotare velit. Facerem certe Cataneo docto viro injuriam, si hujus molestiæ causam ei ullam præstarem. Si tot in Pandectas annotamenta composuit, cur vel unum in lucem non emittit, vel saltem ostendit tibi. Subolet certe nobis, quicquid hominis iste est, invidum, indoctum, jactabundum esse, omnia sibi tribuentem, cæteris vero adimentem. Negat quicquam operæ esse, in Gallia profiteri: quasi ibi Galli non sint, qui & Italorum Academias sunt pervagati. Quasi etiam non adsint Itali ex Taurinensibus, Salassis & Genuensibus; quam gentem scis ubique terrarum foenerari. Atqui cum Jason Patavium conductus fuit, ævi jam maturus, duos tantum, qui cum securi fuerint, Scholasticos habuit: Ego trans montes plus decem adduxi, in prima quoque studiorum infantia. Mitte, mitte, quæso, nebulones istos, & cum invidia sua sine vel ad corvos deduci. Scribis ad me Cataneum literas dedisse, ego eas non accepi, nec præterea quenquam reperi, qui hac de re possit me admonere, vel in viam deducere, qua eas inveniam. Ad Sadoletum scribam & mandata tua exequar. Quamvis tam longa admonitione non indigerem, eam tamen legere mihi pergratum fuit: nisi quod occidit miseros crambe. Quid enim toties mihi Lutherium inculcas? quem ego bene vel male faciat, nihil æltimo: & quoniam id ad me non pertinet, susque deque fero. Et forte publice interest esse aliquem, qui tantam licentiam coërceat, & qui etiam injusta defendat, ut saltem justa obtineantur. Morem tibi in eo gessi, quod exorcistæ titulo malum epigramma composui: ex Platonicorum tamen traditionibus quædam in eo adsunt. Arminii mentionem feci, ut Frobenii temeritati obviam irem, qui in secunda Erasmi editione in Testamentum novum liminarem pagellam pictura insignivit, qua Quintilium Varum Arminius superat, victoque insultat hoc dictterio; tandem vipera sibilare desiste: ut minime dubitem vera esse, quæ scribis de Germanis. Sed hoc morbo laborant omnes barbari. Quid mirum? cum & inter nos Italos forte gravius agatur. Quid enim ipse huic tuo Raymondo feci? ut mihi tantas dies impingat, quem nec vidit unquam, nec intus neque extra agnovit. Dii invidos omnes perdant. Annotationes Claudii hactenus ad me delatæ non sunt, & non satis scio si afferentur: non enim nuntii ab Avenione commeant, quoniam undique excluduntur propter contagii metum. Nihil est, cujus mora me magis torqueat, quam hujus operis desiderium: mallem diploma Pontificis perdidisse: nec audeo quicquam ad eum scribere, nondum perfectis annotationibus, ne mea negligentia amissas credat. Velim tu curares, si alitud exemplum habere ab eo posses, quod ad me certius mittas: faceres profecto rem mihi gratissimam. Quæ de Iacobo Lopis Stunica scribis, accepi omnia. Ejus librum nondum vidi, sed su-
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They cannot do this even with nocturnal eyes. Wherefore I cannot help but mock your easy confidence. O Calvin’s sharpness! Which does not see what is most easily grasped even by the blind! You believed that you could persuade me, so that I should honor him with my letters, or rather burden him with them, unless he summoned Cataneus, who might wish to dictate or note down a reply for him. Certainly I would wrong Cataneus, a learned man, if I were to provide him with any cause for this annoyance. If he composed so many annotations on the Pandects, why does he not bring even one to light, or at least show it to you? Surely we suspect that this man, whatever he may be, is envious, unlearned, boastful, claiming everything for himself and taking everything away from others. He says that there is no work to be done in professing in France, as if there were no Frenchmen there who have not also ranged through the academies of Italy. As if there were not also Italians from Turin, the Salassi, and the Genoese; a people, as you know, who lend money everywhere in the world. And yet when Jason was brought to Padua, already mature in years, he had only two students who were under his care. I have brought more than ten across the mountains, and that too in the first infancy of their studies. Send away, I beg you, send away those drones, and let them, with their envy, be led off to the ravens. You write to me that Cataneus has given letters, but I have not received them, nor have I found anyone who could advise me about this matter or show me the way by which I might find them. I shall write to Sadoletus and carry out your instructions. Although I had no need of such a long admonition, it was nevertheless most pleasing to me to read it: except that repeated cabbage is for the wretches. Why do you keep pressing Luther upon me so often? What he does, whether well or badly, I care nothing for; and since it does not concern me, I take it lightly. And perhaps it is of public interest that there should be someone to restrain such license, and one who would even defend unjust things, so that at least the just may prevail. I complied with your wish in this matter by composing a bad epigram under the title of exorcist; nevertheless, certain things in it are drawn from Platonic traditions. I mentioned Arminius in order to check Frobenius’s rashness, who in the second edition of Erasmus embellished the title page of the New Testament with a picture in which Arminius defeats Quintilius Varus and taunts the vanquished with this little saying: “At last, snake, stop hissing.” Thus I do not at all doubt that what you write about the Germans is true. But all barbarians suffer from this disease. What wonder? Since among us Italians, too, things may well be even worse. For what, after all, have I myself done to this Raymond of yours, that he should strike me with such a number of days, though he has never seen me, nor known me within or without? May the gods destroy all the envious. The annotations of Claudius have thus far not been delivered to me, and I do not know whether they will be brought, for no messengers come and go from Avignon, since they are excluded on all sides because of fear of contagion. Nothing torments me more than delay, except the desire for this work: I would rather have lost the pontiff’s diploma; nor do I dare write anything to him before the annotations are completed, lest he think them lost through my negligence. I should like you to see to it, if you could obtain another copy from him, that you send me a more certain one: you would assuredly do me a most welcome favor. I have received all that you write concerning Iacobus Lopis Stunica. I have not yet seen his book, but su-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 91 suspicor Pseudo-Christianum esse: ejus enim familiæ plures Avenione Iudæi erant, quorum aliqui sacro se lavacro abluerunt: & ex eis quidam medicus, mediocriter doctus, familiaris meus est. Ejus librum libenter legerem, si ad Andream fratrem tuum venalem miseris, forte comparabo, nam si malus erit, mittam, ut una cum Alcorano veneat. Diploma tandem accepi cum tuis so- lummodo unicis literis, quibus erat insertum. Dolui summopere cætera quo- que allata non fuisse, sed dolorem illum populuerunt tuæ literæ, quibus me ad- mones, videri quibusdam stili me affecti nimis esse, nec Ciceronem ubique & Cæsarem sequi. Risi enim istos male affectos & simios, & nihil scientes, quos titivilitio omnes æstimo. Quibusdam literis quas ad me hoc mense dedisti, fo- lium annexum erat cujusdam annotationis capite imperfecto: velim authoris nomen adscribas, ut demum sententiam de ea re meam tibi possum exponere. Vale. Mediolani. Octavo Kalendas Majas M. D. XXI. Hæc scripseram: cum alias omnes literas Avenione huc ad me missas accepi, tu alias istine a Claudio Scarlatino: quibus omnibus brevi, cum otium suppe- tet, respondebo, nec Sadoletum missum faciam. Quare expecta fasciculum, quem propediem habebis. Vale. Tertio Kalendas Majas. EPISTOLA X. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam. Scripsi ad te superioribus diebus, ut ad nos authentica Justiniani Græca mit- teres, quod a te factum adhuc non est: atqui nec ullum verbum ea de re re- spondisti, ut facile in eam adducar opinionem, penes te ea non esse, & pro con- ductudine tua, non veritum te mihi fabellas narrare, cum gloriosulus factus impetrasse te de Bononiensibus, seu Florentinis eum mihi librum persuadere voluisti. Si igitur hac me de sententia decedere vis, aliquid scribe, vel potius librum ipsum mitte. Alexandri Jurisconsulti Neapolitani librum, quem ad nos misisti, diligenter legi. Vir est doctus & diligens, & non parum studiosos adjuvabit: suspicor tamen eum quandoque falli. Id duplici argumento colligo, quod Parentes pro consanguineis apud Lampridium in Alexandri vita reperiri ait, quod verum non arbitror. Rursusque quod libro primo capite vigesimo quinto plurimum se cruciat, ut apud Jurisconsultos interpretetur, quid sit plumbum in ripa: cum omnes antiqui codices ostendant, non ripam scripsisse jurisconsultos, sed hypathram, cujus vocis notionem ex Vitruvio accipere debut. Nec a nobis ni fallor in prætermisis omnium est. Si is aliqua tecum familiaritate junctus est, velim ab eo exquiras, ut Alpheni Jurisconsulti vetu- stissima scripta, commentariosque Senatusconsultorum, quæ vidisse se, emis- que Romæ ait, commodato det. Eorum autem mentionem facit capite quar- to & septimo primi libri: suspicor enim nescio quid Parthasianum, quem scis eos authores plerumque adducere solitum, quos nunquam viderat: nam & Pomp. M 2
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LETTERS OF MEN. 91 I suspect him to be a pseudo-Christian; for in his household there were several Jews at Avignon, some of whom washed themselves in the sacred font, and among them one, a physician of moderate learning, is my friend. I should gladly read his book, if you send it for sale to your brother Andrew; perhaps I shall buy it, for if it proves bad, I shall send it on so that it may be sold together with the Alcoran. At last I received the diploma, but only with your single letters, in which it was enclosed. I was greatly grieved that the rest were not brought as well; but that grief was soothed by your letters, in which you warn me that to some I seem to be too affected in my style, and not to follow Cicero everywhere and Caesar. For I laughed at those ill-disposed fellows and apes, who know nothing, and whom I rate at a mere trifle. In some letters which you gave me this month, there was attached a sheet containing a certain annotation with an unfinished heading: I should like you to add the author's name, so that at last I may be able to explain to you my opinion on the matter. Farewell. Milan. 8 Kalends of May, 1521. I had written this when I received all the other letters sent hither to me from Avignon, and you yours there from Claudio Scarlatino: to all of which I shall shortly reply, when leisure permits, nor shall I let Sadoleto go unanswered. Therefore wait for the packet, which you shall soon have. Farewell. 3 Kalends of May. LETTER X. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome. I wrote to you on previous days, asking you to send us the Greek authentic text of Justinian, which has not yet been done; and indeed you have not answered a single word on the matter, so that I am easily led to the opinion that you do not have it, and, according to your custom, were not ashamed to tell me stories, when, having become boastful, you wanted to persuade me that you had obtained that book from the Bolognese or the Florentines. If, therefore, you wish me to abandon this opinion, write something, or rather send the book itself. I have carefully read the book of Alexander the Neapolitan jurist, which you sent to us. He is a learned and diligent man, and he will help students not a little; nevertheless I suspect that he sometimes errs. I infer this from two arguments: first, because he says that “Parents” are found in Lampridius, in the life of Alexander, in the sense of relatives, which I do not think is true. Again, because in the first book, chapter twenty-five, he takes great pains to interpret, among the jurists, what “lead on the bank” means; whereas all the ancient manuscripts show that the jurists did not write “bank,” but “hypaethra,” the meaning of which word he ought to have taken from Vitruvius. And unless I am mistaken, this has not escaped our notice. If he is on familiar terms with you, I should like you to ask him to lend you, for a time, the very ancient writings of the jurist Alfenus and the commentaries on the senatus consulta, which he says he has seen and bought at Rome. He mentions them, however, in chapter four and seven of the first book: for I suspect there is some Parthasian trickery there, as you know he was usually accustomed to cite authors whom he had never seen: for also Pomp. M 2
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Pomp. Lætus non omnino hæc nota caruit, ut qui Fenestellæ nomine commentarios quosdam ediderit: rursusque Berosi, Catonis, Fabii Pictoris fragmenta; omnia fictis titulis. Quod scribis difficulter diploma fuisse concessum, eam propter clausulam, qua pari indulgentia habentur, qui a nobis & ab universitate aliqua insignia susceperint, non admodum miror: moris enim istic est, ut quæ absurda, indecora, inhonesta sunt, facillime Pluti precibus condonentur; quæ vero æquissima sine Pluto vix habeantur. Tametsi ea clausula non esset, idem in jure erat. Adde quod nullum ab Imperatore hujus generis diploma exit, quod has tritissimas clausulas etiam exuberantioribus verbis non contineat. Scarlatini epistolam legi, cui respondeo. Sed & Claudii omnes annotationes, quas ad me scripsit, recepi. Subtilior est interpres quam æquum sit, facileque deprendere hominem possis omnia aucupantem, ut a me in aliquo dissentiat. Rescribam tamen illi humaniter & boni consulam, quæ & ipse potuit boni consulere. Neque enim libet impræsentiarum aliter interpretari. Sed tu iterum audi, authentica mitte: hoc enim pacto quam plurimum disfunctiones nostras locupletare potero. Scribo hæc forensibus negotiis valde præpeditus: sed tamen officio tibi cedere non possum. Ad Sadoletum scripsi, non tam eleganter, ut tu volebas; nescio enim quomodo affectus hac in re mihi fuerit stilus. Non satisfacio certe mihi ipsi, ne dum ut nasutissimis istis vestris Petreis, Trans-Adduatibus, idque genus simiis, possum. Literas sane ab urbe hac vestra, quas Carlinis pensem, nihil moror. Malo nihil ad me scribi, quam tanti exchartabula emere. Quare satius est ut uterque Angeronam colamus: nisi egregius cum æquariolis & tertiaris salutari velis. Quomodo me de Lutherano negotio excussem, in literis ad Sadoletum leges: sum enim in glossematis illis meis articulum illum excussurus. Eorum glossematum, si necessarium tibi videatur, quaternionem ad te mittam, quem illi ostendere possis. Utinam in mentem Pontifici ipsi veniret, pensiunculam honestam mihi conferre, ut otium benignius suppeteret, quo huic operi vacarem: à magno enim Franciæ Cancellario, nihil præter verba æriscare possum. Vellem mitteres ad me omnia epigrammata, quæ in librum redigenda censes, ut opus illud tandem absolvamus. Ardeo enim hoc desiderio, nec minus Dardanus. Vale. Mediolani, pridie Nonas Majas. M. D. XXI. EPISTOLA XI. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, Acepi binas literas tuas, quarum alteras Iulius Aratus ad me detulit, alteras Gubernatus, cum quibusdam exchartabulis injure Canonico: quæ ego viperula una nostra non redimerem. Humanissime, quod in me fuit, Aratum excepi,
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VERY CLEAR AND VERY LEARNED. Pomp. Lætus was by no means without this distinction, since under the name of Fenestella he published certain commentaries; and again fragments of Berosus, Cato, and Fabius Pictor, all under fictitious titles. What you write, that the diploma was granted only with difficulty, on account of that clause by which those who have received insignia from us and from some body or university are treated with equal indulgence, I do not greatly wonder at: for it is the custom there that whatever is absurd, indecorous, or dishonorable is most easily granted at Plutus’s request; whereas whatever is most just is scarcely regarded without Plutus. Even if that clause were not there, the point would be the same in law. Add to this that no diploma of this kind comes from the Emperor which does not contain these very trite clauses, even in more extravagant wording. I have read Scarlatini’s letter, to which I reply. I have also received all of Claudius’s notes, which he wrote to me. He is a subtler interpreter than is proper, and you could easily catch the fellow fishing for everything, so that he may differ from me in something. Nevertheless, I shall write back to him courteously and take in good part what he himself could also have taken in good part. For I do not wish at present to interpret it otherwise. But you, hear me again: send the authentic text; for by this means I shall be able greatly to enrich our shortcomings. I write this while very much hindered by business in the courts; yet I cannot fail in my duty to you. I have written to Sadolet, not so elegantly as you wished; for I do not know how my pen has been affected in this matter. I am certainly not satisfied with myself, much less can I be with your sharp-witted little Petrei, Trans-Adduati, and that sort of ape. I care nothing for letters from that city of yours, which I would have weighed by the Carlinis. I would rather have nothing written to me than buy such a trifle with so much paper. Therefore it is better that we both worship Angerona: unless you wish to salute me together with the excellent men and the second-raters. How I have excused myself in the Lutheran affair, you will read in the letter to Sadolet: for in those glosses of mine I am going to discuss that point. If you think it necessary, I shall send you a quire of those glosses, which you may show him. Would that it might occur to the Pope himself to grant me a modest stipend, so that I might have leisure more readily at hand to devote myself to this work; for from the great Chancellor of France I can get nothing but words. I should like you to send me all the epigrams which you think should be collected into a book, so that we may at last complete that work. I burn with this desire, and Dardanus no less. Farewell. Milan, the day before the Nones of May. M.D. XXI. LETTER XI. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Rome, I received two letters from you, one of which Julius Aratus brought to me, the other Gubernatus, together with some scraps of paper on Canon Law: I would not redeem these with even one little viper of ours. I received Aratus most kindly, so far as was in my power,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 93 excepi, collocutique una suimus per horam, & de omni genere studiorum tra- ctavimus: quædam & de Germaniæ Choreographia. Is demum a me discessit ad Saxones suos, in Italiam, ut dicebat, amplius non rediturus. Claudio re- scribam cum mihi otium supererit. Sum occupatissimus non solum in alienis li- tibus, sed & in propriis, quas tamen brevi me extricaturum confido. Scripsi ad te superioribus diebus, ut Epigrammata ad me mitteres & authentica Græca: itemque antiquarium nuper impressum. Quæso omnia ad me quamprimum destina; privilegium meum cætera recte se habent: sed quod ad legitima- tiones attinet, frigidum est & nimis modicæ facultatis: ea enim quæ ab Impera- tore emanant, longe efficaciora sunt. Mitto ad te eam clausulam additis his ver- bis, quæ in eo privilegio inseri velim. Ea quæ addi volo, linea subnotavi. Al- loquendus tibi est Sadoletus, ut & hoc perficiat; alioquin quod in me contulit beneficium, quod ad hanc partem attinet, nullius est utilitatis. Ad Marium etiam literas dabo, cum otium erit, & tibi morem geram. Scripsissem jam Claudio, nisi me quibusdam de rebus consuluisset, quas non nisi ex Authorum lectione extricare possum: hujusmodi autem studia difficulter repeto, præsertim occupatus. Frater tuus, ut ego arbitror, admonitione mea ulla non indiget: nec enim scio quid peccet: tu fortasse indiges. Vercor enim ne amoenitatibus urbis, deliciisque & tantorum virorum conversatione captus, desides; & dum maxima speras, nonisatis præsenti rei tuæ consulas. Agebam hîc, si fratri tuo collocare uxorem possem, sed adhuc in herba est seges: ubi spes aliqua justa sub- erit, reddet te ille, vel & ipse simul certiorem, ut ea in re tu moderator sis & author. Ipse tibi etiam integrum fascem mendaciorum commodato dabo, vel potius restituam. Non enim me præterit, quanta tu de me: qua in re vel ni- mius amor, summaque amicitia te imprudentem decipit: vel quod verius est, sciens ipse falli te sinis. Incidi forte in Paganini Vergilium, deprendique no- mini meo eum dicatum, gavisusque sum supra modum; quod tanto authori, tamque divino libro ego ascriptus essem. Quare cum Venetias appuleris, sum- mas illi gratias age, & meo nomine, quicquid ipse possum, sponde. Vale. Me- diolani Idibus Majis. M. D. XXI. EPISTOLA XII. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D Andreas Alciatus. Romam, AD septimum Kalendas Junias attulit ad me frater tuus literas brevissimas, quas etiam libentissimelegi, quoniam in bonam partem trahebam paucilo- quium id tuum. Suspicabar enim gravissimis de rebus occupatum non potuisse diutius in scribendo commorari. Quare fac ut cum otium nactus fueris, bre- vitatem hanc emendes. Claudio rescribo, rescripsissem & Scarlatino Mario- que, si otium habuissem: cum per occupationes licuerit, non ero in mora. M 3 Reddes
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LETTERS OF MEN. 93 I have received him, and we conversed together for an hour, and discussed every kind of study: some things also about the choreography of Germany. At last he departed from me to his Saxons, not, as he said, intending ever to return to Italy. I shall write back to Claudio when I have leisure. I am most occupied, not only in others’ lawsuits, but also in my own, though I trust I shall shortly extricate myself from them. I wrote to you in the past days to send me the Epigrams and also the authentic Greek texts; likewise the antiquary recently printed. I beg you to send everything to me as soon as possible; the rest of my privilege is in good order: but as for the legitimations, it is cold and of too modest a force; for those which proceed from the Emperor are far more effective. I send you that clause with these added words, which I wish to be inserted in that privilege. The additions I want I have marked with a line. Sadolet must be spoken to by you, so that he may also complete this; otherwise, so far as this part is concerned, the favor he has done me is of no use. I shall also give letters to Mario when there is leisure, and comply with your wishes. I would already have written to Claudio, unless he had consulted me on certain matters which I can unravel only from reading the authors: but I find it difficult to return to such studies, especially while occupied. Your brother, as I judge, needs no admonition from me; for I do not know what fault he commits. Perhaps you do need it. For I fear that, captivated by the amenities of the city and the pleasures and company of such great men, you may grow idle; and while you hope for great things, you do not sufficiently provide for your present condition. I was trying here, if I could place a wife for your brother, but the crop is still in the blade: when some fair hope shall arise, he himself will let you know, or perhaps also inform you at the same time, so that in that matter you may be both guide and author. I shall also gladly lend you a whole bundle of lies, or rather restore it. For it is not unknown to me how much you expect from me: in which matter either excessive affection and the greatest friendship deceive you unwittingly, or, what is more true, knowing it, you let yourself be deceived. By chance I came upon a Virgil of Paganini, and discovered it dedicated to my name, and I rejoiced beyond measure; that I should have been inscribed in so great an author and so divine a book. Therefore, when you come to Venice, give him the highest thanks, and in my name promise whatever I myself can. Farewell. Milan, the Ides of May, 1521. EPISTLE XII. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. Greetings. Andreas Alciatus. Rome, On the seventh day before the Kalends of June, your brother brought me a very brief letter, which I also read with the greatest pleasure, since I took your brevity in good part. For I suspected that, occupied with very weighty matters, you could not have stayed longer over writing. Therefore make sure that, when you have obtained leisure, you remedy this brevity. I am writing back to Claudio; I would also have written back to Scarlatino and Mario, if I had had leisure: when occupation permits, I shall not delay. M 3 You will return
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94 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Reddes me certiorem quo animo Claudius erga me sit, quamque æquanimiter responsionem acceperit. Nolui ad verbum consutare aliquid ambagibusque disputationum immorari, quas scis in nostro jure ejusmodi esse, ut nunquam sinem habeant: ut nec Lernæa Hydra, nec Minotaurus ipse Labyrinthus pares nobis sint. Ad Iovium Florentiæ nondum constitui an literas dem: quicquid decrevero certiorem te faciam. Epigrammatarium, si commodum esset, libenter colligerem: sunt hîc, qui hoc deliderio mirum in modum ardeant, ut Dardanus. Si spes aliqua in glossematibus illis in juscivile meis collocari a me ex Romani Pontificis liberalitate posset, velim me reddas certiorem; itemque an opineris utile fore, si ejus operis quaternionem, in quo Martini negotium discutio, istuc ad te vel Sadoletum mittam. Velim cures ut privilegium in eam formam amplicetur, quam ad te proximis diebus descripsi, idque quamprimum poteris: qua in re quicquid egeris fac sciam. Non enim dubito, quin pro consuetudine tua accurate hanc provinciam obiturus sis. Nescio quæ Syrenes, vel quæ tam certa spes tam diu istic in urbe te detineat: existimo tamen pro prudentia tua te tibi satis consulere. Vereor, subvereor ne Venetias hoc biennio non invisas, nedum ne ad nos non redeas: cupio enim a tuo ore pendere. Legi Stunicæ annotationes: vir est doctus, ingeniosus, cautus, punctim ferit: sese colligit; a signis non aberrat. Facile Hispanum hominem agnoscas, qui ut ab Erasmo, flumine illo, & ubertate dicendi superatur, ita ipse in Hebraicarum literarum cognitione vicissim cum superat. Nam quæ ad Græca attinent, meræ videntur minutæ, & quod dicitur λεπολογηματα sunt. Ego hic valeo, & nisi quibusdam litibus intricatus essem, plurimum operis mei in verborum significationes auxissem. Fratet tuus bene valet, & ut ego opinor remaget. Vale. Mediolani. Pridie Kalendas Iunias. M. D. XXI. EPISTOLA XIII. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, Cum superioribus diebus Avenione agerem, nullas ad te literas dedi, quia propter terrorem bellicum non facile reperiebam, qui in Italiam accederent, epistolasque afferre vellent: nunc autem cum in patriam me receperim, frequentius scripturus sum. Scio non parum miraberis, quid ita in mentem mihi venerit, ut munus legendi desererem: sed precibus Matris & affinium hoc a me tributum est, quia diutinam absentiam meam æquo animo ferre non poterant, Avenionensesque ipsi quædam ex pactionibus olim initis deducere volebant. Id erat ut tempore, quo peste inquietarentur, stipendii partem illis remitterem, quod a me impetrari non potuit, eaque potissimum discessus mei causa fuit. Quare si quicquam egisti cum Oratore Veneto, ut Patavium arcessar, vel alio gentium, reddes me certiorem: itemque quid a me præstari velis,
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94 MOST CLEAR AND MOST LEARNED. You will let me know what feeling Claudius has toward me, and how calmly he received the reply. I did not want to patch something together word for word, nor to linger over the bypaths of argument, which you know are such in our law that they never have an end: so that neither the Lernaean Hydra nor the Minotaur itself in the Labyrinth are our equals. As to giving a letter to Iovius in Florence, I have not yet decided; whatever I determine, I shall let you know. I should gladly collect an epigram book, if it were convenient: there are here those who burn with this longing in a remarkable way, like Dardanus. If any hope could be placed in those glosses of mine on civil law from the liberality of the Roman Pontiff, I should like you to let me know; and likewise whether you think it would be useful if I send you, or Sadoleto, a quire of that work in which I discuss Martin's affair. I should like you to see that the privilege be enlarged into the form which I described to you in the last few days, and that as soon as you can: in this matter, whatever you do, let me know. For I do not doubt that, according to your custom, you will carry out this task carefully. I know not what Sirens, or what such sure hope, keeps you there in the city so long: yet I think, in your prudence, you sufficiently look after yourself. I fear, I greatly fear, that you will not visit Venice this two-year period, let alone return to us: for I desire to depend on your word. I have read Stunica's annotations: he is a learned, ingenious, cautious man; he strikes point-blank; he keeps himself together; he does not miss the marks. You can easily recognize a Spaniard in him, who, though surpassed by Erasmus, that river and abundance of eloquence, in turn surpasses him in knowledge of Hebrew letters. For what pertains to Greek, they seem mere trifles, and what is called λεπολογηματα they are. I am well here, and if I were not entangled in certain lawsuits, I would have greatly increased my labor on the meanings of words. Your brother is in good health, and, as I think, is falling asleep. Farewell. Milan. The day before the Kalends of June. 1521. EPISTLE XIII. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome, When I was at Avignon during the preceding days, I sent you no letters, because, owing to the alarm of war, I could not easily find anyone who was going into Italy and willing to carry letters: but now, since I have returned to my country, I shall write more frequently. I know you will not be a little surprised why it came into my mind to abandon the office of lecturing: but this has been granted at the request of my Mother and my relatives, because they could not bear my long absence patiently, and the people of Avignon themselves wished to draw some things from the agreements formerly made. This was that, at a time when they were troubled by plague, I should remit part of the stipend to them, which could not be obtained from me, and this was chiefly the cause of my departure. Wherefore, if you have done anything with the Venetian ambassador, that I may be summoned to Padua, or elsewhere, you will let me know; and likewise what you wish to be done by me,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 95 velis, & ad quem dandæ sint literæ. Imposui supremam manum interpretatio- ni nostræ in eum juris tractatum, qui est de verborum significatione, quem eleganter & Latine exposui. Opus ipsum editioni paratum est: una cum aliis quibusdam commentariis meis, eritque hæc editio nihilo minori versuum nu- mero, quam cætera sint a me jam edita opera. Si frater tuushic imprimenda curaturus esset, ei magis quam cuicunque alteri traderem. Volo enim ipse operi assidere, impressorumque errata corrigere. Tu quid facturus sis me ad- mone: efflagitatur enim a me opus illud undique gentium, a Lugdunensibus Basileensibusque impressoribus, a lignariis, quibusdamque aliis ignobilioribus. Sed apud me Calvus instar omnium est. Cratander, ut ex Amorbacchio accepi, edidit iterum paradoxa cum cæteris opusculis aliquanto emendatiora, quam prior editio haberet. Sunt mihi quam plurima, quæ instructiorem tibi bibliothecam facere possent: ea si tu averes, inspicienda tibi traderem. Sed tu urbis de- litiis capitis, nos sub crassiore coelo genitos dedignaris. Vale. Nonis Novem- bris. Mediolan. M. D. XXI. EPISTOLA XIV. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam. A Guntur quamplurimi menses, jucundissime Calve, cum nullas ad te litteras Ascripsi, non quod meus erga te amor refrigescat, id enim nullo tempore futurum est, sed quia & præteritorum recordatio & præsentium metus me fere attonitum reddiderunt; accedunt his & advocationum occupationes, quæ me to- tum quamvis reluctante genio obsident, nunc quoniam opera tua indigeo, ne- cessario ad scribendum adigor. Habebant præfecti hospitalis nostri quædam prædia meis contigua, quorum commoditate adductus sum, ut etiam istis tem- poribus licitarer, & quidem grandi precio, nimirum librarum sex millium. Id autem omne fere est lucrum, quod ex decumanis istis Jurisconsultorum libris potui æruscare. Ceterum quo contractus hic firmior sit auctoritate Apostolica velim confirmari, dictavique libellum supplicem, quem ad te mitto. Rogo te, ut procures quamprimum admitti, sisque hac in re mihi suffragator. Imprimis autem videas, quanti constiturum sit diploma; nam si tres aureos excedet, malo carere impetratis; quandoquidem id necessitatis causa a me non petitur, sed quo securior sum. Nec enim dubito, quin tuto emerim, etiamsi Romanus Pontifex nihil concedat. Usque ad eam summam velim pendas, quam statim Ambrosio institori tuo numeraturus sum. Vale. Mediol. xv. Kal. Decembr. M. D. XXI. EPISTO-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 95 if you wish, and to whom the letters are to be given. I have put the finishing hand to my translation of that treatise on law which deals with the meaning of words, and I have set it forth elegantly and in Latin. The work itself is ready for publication: together with certain other commentaries of mine, and this edition will be no smaller in number of verses than the other works already published by me. If your brother were to take charge of having it printed here, I would entrust it to him rather than to anyone else. For I wish to be present at the work myself and to correct the printers’ errors. Let me know what you intend to do: for that work is being eagerly demanded of me from all quarters, by the printers of Lyon and Basel, by woodcutters, and by certain other lesser people. But with me Calvus ranks above all. Cratander, as I learned from Amorbacchius, has republished the Paradoxes together with the other short works, somewhat more corrected than the previous edition had been. I have very many books that could make your library better equipped; if you are eager for them, I would hand them over for your inspection. But you delight in the charms of the city, and disdain us who were born under a harsher sky. Farewell. On the Nones of November. Milan, 1521. EPISTLE XIV. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome. For many months now, most delightful Calvus, I have written no letters to you, not because my love toward you is cooling—for that will never happen at any time—but because both the recollection of past things and fear of present ones have left me almost stunned; to these are added the occupations of legal advocacy, which, despite my unwilling spirit, besiege me entirely, and now, since I need your help, I am necessarily driven to write. The officials of our hospital had certain estates adjoining mine, attracted by the advantage of which I was induced to bid even in these times, and indeed at a great price, namely six thousand pounds. And that is almost the whole profit I have been able to draw from those tithe-bearing books of the jurists. Moreover, in order that this contract may be more secure, I wish it to be confirmed by Apostolic authority, and I have dictated a petition, which I send to you. I ask you to arrange that it be admitted as soon as possible, and in this matter to be my supporter. Above all, however, see how much the diploma will cost; for if it exceeds three gold pieces, I would rather do without the grant obtained, since this is not asked of me out of necessity, but in order that I may be more secure. For I do not doubt that I have bought safely, even if the Roman Pontiff grants nothing. Up to that amount I wish you to pay, which I shall immediately be giving to your factor Ambrosius. Farewell. Milan, 15 days before the Kalends of December, 1521. EPISTO-
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96 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA XV. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, I Am diu est, cum nullas a te literas recepi, nec satis scio, quid in causa sit: I an negotiis obrueris, ut amicorum amplius meminisse nequeas? an deses factus otium tuum procuras, aliorum innemor? an id constituisti, neminem salutare, nisi qui prius te salutaverit? Atqui si ita est, nulla tibi est excusatio: statim enim, cum Mediolanum ex Gallia appuli (id fuit Nonis Novembribus) nihil prius habui, quam ut certiorem te reditus mei facerem. Quare quæso demitte tandem supercilium istud, & mei reminiscere, certioremque me de rebus tuis omnibus minimis & maximis fac: id enim & ipse vicissim erga te facturus sum. Si cupis scire in præsentia quid agam, sic habeto. Non potuisse mecum & Avenionensibus convenire; causæ fuerunt plurimæ, sed illa maxima, quod Respublica illa propter pestem supervenientem ære alieno oppressa, non poterat æque celeriter honoraria nobis præstare, atque consueverat, petebatque, si rursus eo genere mali infestaretur, aliquid remitti, cui conditioni nolui assentire: præsertim, cum multis precibus & Mater & Joannes patruus a me peterent, ut tandem in Italiam reverterer, rebusque meis confulerem, quæ ob bellica discrimina non parum jacturæ fecerant. Morem illis gessi, & gessisse poenituit. Nihil enim erat, quod me absente ipsi conficere non potuissent. Patrocinor itaque hic, & ex Lectore Advocatus factus sum: & ut tempora sunt, etiam præter spem lucrum conficio. Marlianus, qui Senatui præsidet, & Gymnassi Papiensis tutelam sustinet, ultro operam suam mihi obtulit, ut etiam grandi stipendio profitear. Sed in præsentia id fieri non posse ait, propter summam æris penuriam, qua Dux noster opprimitur. Quapropter videto cum Venetis, Ferrariensibus, Pisanis, Bononiensibus, si occasio se præbuerit, tu quod agere possis. Minori salario quingentorum aureorum conduci nequeo. Cætera in tua side ego repono. His Saturnalibus, ut illustri Ambrosio Vicecomitimorem gererem, libellum composui Epigrammaton, cui titulum feci Emblemata: singulis enim epigrammatibus aliquid describo, quod ex historia, vel ex rebus naturalibus aliquid elegans significet, unde pictores, aurifices, fusores, id genus conficere possint, quæ scuta appellamus, & petasis figimus, vel pro insignibus gestamus, qualis anchora Aldi, Columba Frobenii, & Calvi elephas tam diu parturiens, nihil pariens. Ad hæc sunt mihi in jure civili perfecta quamplurima opuscula, ut in tractatum de verborum significatione interpretationes, & in primum codicis Iustiniani librum: hæc que elegantes & Latinæ perstricte. Eas edere in animo habeo: verum nescio an a te exorari possim, ut tibi potius tradam, quam barbaris illis Cratandris & Frobeniis. Opus est eloquentiæ tuæ fulmina perstringas, si commovere me velis. Cupio
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96 THE MOST FAMOUS AND MOST LEARNED. LETTER XV. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S.D. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome, It is now a long time since I received any letters from you, and I do not know well what the reason is: have you been overwhelmed with business, so that you can no longer remember your friends? Or have you, grown idle, devoted yourself to your own leisure, unmindful of others? Or have you resolved not to greet anyone unless he has first greeted you? But if that is so, you have no excuse: for as soon as I arrived in Milan from France (that was on the Nones of November), I had nothing more urgent than to let you know of my return. Therefore, I beg you, lay aside that haughtiness at last, and remember me, and inform me of all your affairs, small and great: for I too shall do the same in return for you. If you want to know for the present what I am doing, here it is. I could not agree with the people of Avignon; there were many reasons, but the greatest was that that republic, oppressed by debts because of the plague that had come upon it, could not provide me with fees as quickly as it had been accustomed to do, and it asked that, if it should be afflicted again by a similar evil, something should be remitted; to that condition I was unwilling to assent: especially since, with many entreaties, both my mother and my uncle Giovanni were asking me to return at last to Italy and attend to my affairs, which, because of the dangers of war, had suffered no small loss. I complied with them, and I have regretted complying. For there was nothing that they themselves could not have settled in my absence. So here I plead cases, and from a lecturer I have become an advocate; and, as times go, I even make a profit beyond expectation. Marlianus, who presides over the Senate and has charge of the Pavia Gymnasium, voluntarily offered me his support, so that I might even teach for a substantial stipend. But he says it cannot be done at present, because of the extreme scarcity of money with which our Duke is oppressed. Therefore, see whether, if the occasion presents itself, you can do something with the Venetians, the Ferrarans, the Pisans, or the Bolognese. I cannot be hired for less than five hundred gold pieces. I leave the rest to your good faith. During these Saturnalia, in order to honor the illustrious Ambrogio Vicecomitorem, I composed a little book of Epigrams, which I titled Emblemata: for in each epigram I describe something that signifies something elegant taken from history or from natural things, from which painters, goldsmiths, founders, and others of that sort may make those things which we call shields, and which we fix on helmets, or carry as insignia, such as Aldus’s anchor, Froben’s dove, and Calvus’s elephant so long in labor, yet bringing forth nothing. Besides these, I have many very polished little works on civil law, such as interpretations in the treatise on the meaning of words, and on the first book of the Code of Justinian: these are elegant and thoroughly Latin. I intend to publish them: but I do not know whether I can persuade you to take them up, so that I may rather entrust them to you than to those barbarous Cratanders and Frobenii. It is necessary that you flash the thunderbolts of your eloquence, if you wish to move me. I wish
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 97 Cupio mirum in modum Authentica Justiniani Græca habere. Velim Iovium Paulum admoneas, & ex eoscio procures, an ex Medicæa bibliotheca copiam ejus operis mihi possit facere. Si quicquam novi in publicum editur, vel aliquod opus a peritioribus istic elaboratur, fac me tuis literis certiorem. Vale. Mediolani Quinto Idus Decembris. M. D. XXII. EPISTOLA XVI. FRANCISCO CALVO. Andreas Alciatus Salutem & Latitiam. Romam, Cur enim eam in te non desiderem, qui tam malo affectus animo ad me scribis? & quæ mera sunt insomnia, pro exploratis rebus habes. Genius certe hic tuus parum verax est, & nimis credulitate tua abutitur. Frater tuus adhuc trans Alpes nundinatur: res salvæ sunt, nemoque hactenus est, qui verbum in eum fecerit. Si fidem publicam Romæ impetrare potueris, qua ostendatur negotiationes illas ad vos relatas, cum Neapolim propter pestem deferri non potuissent, crede rem omnem in portu fore. Quod si adhuc rem dubiam viderimus, existimaveroque parum tutum hic fratri tuo esse, certiorem te faciam, ut quo jure, qua gratia resarciamus, quod demens iste, me quoque reclamante, præcipitavit. Inter eorum nomina, qui delatisunt, frater non est, sed ejus solum socius Jo. Maria. Negabimus socium, negabimus conscium ejus rei esse: non dubito, quin aliquo modo eum de nassa extricemus. Nam & intelligo non 'Aqauéuova ipsum, arcessitis omnibus opificii ejus Coryphcis, conquestum humaniter, quod hi potissimum, quibus ipse plurimum tribuebat, interdicta molirentur: errare eos, si putarent eorum, quæ gesserint, quicquam se præterisse: sed cum facta infecta fieri non possent, solum in futurum caverent, alioquin paratam fore ultionem: sic eos dimisisse. Quapropter non arbitror quicquam ulterius futurum. Quicquid tamen erit, faciam te certiorem. Quod ad priores literas tuas attinet, accepi Decium Pisis fato functum, quod nescio an verum sit. Ipse libentius Patavii profiterer, quam alio locorum. Quamobrem si Venctias te contuleris, poteris cum Do. Antonio Justiniano verba hac de re facere. Mihi cum eo nulla intervenit cognitio, nedum familiaritas, quod tu suspicare. Sunt in eo Gymnasio plerique mihi amici, qualis Magister Leonardus Hispanus medicus: sunt & quidam Lugdunenses, qui Avenione mihi operam dederunt. Adhæc & Budæi quidam nepos ex fratre. Sed non arbitror posse te, nec unam quidem dicculam, a Roma divelli, sicque frustra de Venetisme tecum commentari. Velim cures, ut Avenionenses Legati, & ex his maxime Parpalia Doctor, sciant a quamplurimis Italiæ Gymnasiarchis me accessiri, & maximo stipendio, ut possint agnoscere dementiam suam, qui me permiserint abire. Poteris dissimulare me usque adeo tibi cognitum, sed de me ab eis velle instrui, N quod
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LETTERS OF MEN. 97 I very much wish to have the Greek Authentic of Justinian. I would like you to remind Iovius Paulus, and obtain from Eoscio whether he can procure for me from the Medicean library a copy of that work. If anything new is published, or if any work is being prepared there by more skilled men, let me know by your letters. Farewell. Milan, the fifth day before the Ides of December, 1522. LETTER XVI. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. Andreas Alciatus sends greeting and joy. Rome, Why indeed should I not long for that in you, since you write to me with so evil a mind? And things that are nothing but sheer dreams you take for established facts. Your spirit here is certainly not very truthful, and it abuses your credulity too much. Your brother is still trading beyond the Alps; things are safe, and no one so far has spoken a word against him. If you can obtain public assurance at Rome, showing that those business dealings were reported to you, when they could not have been carried to Naples on account of the plague, believe that the whole matter will be in port. But if we should still see the matter doubtful, and I should judge that it is somewhat unsafe for your brother to remain here, I shall let you know, so that by what right, by what favor, we may repair what that madman has brought about, me protesting as well. Among the names of those who were denounced, the brother is not included, but only his associate, Jo. Maria. We shall deny that the associate, we shall deny that he was conscious of the affair; I do not doubt that somehow we shall extricate him from the snare. For I also understand that not Aquaeuova himself, having summoned all the foremen of his craft, complained in a courteous manner that those chiefly to whom he had given most were scheming against him; that they were mistaken if they thought he had omitted anything of what they had done; but since what had been done could not be undone, they should only take care for the future, otherwise vengeance would be ready; and so he dismissed them. For that reason I do not think anything further will happen. Whatever does happen, I shall let you know. As for your earlier letters, I have heard that Decius died at Pisa, though I do not know whether it is true. I myself would rather lecture at Padua than elsewhere. Wherefore, if you have gone to Venice, you may speak with Don Antonio Giustiniani about this matter. I have no acquaintance with him, much less any intimacy, as you suspect. There are in that university several friends of mine, such as Master Leonardo Spaniard, the physician; there are also some men of Lyon, who gave me assistance at Avignon. In addition, there is also a nephew of Budæus, on his brother’s side. But I do not think that you can be torn away from Rome even for a single little day, and thus you would be in vain discussing Venice with yourself. I would like you to see to it that the Avignon legates, and especially among them Doctor Parpalia, know that I am being sought by very many leaders of the schools in Italy, and with a very large stipend, so that they may be able to recognize their own folly in allowing me to depart. You may conceal that I am known to you so well, but that you wish to be informed about me by them, not that...
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISS. quod hoc in mandatis a Pontifice habeas, qui me conducturus sit. Orna quæso hanc fabulam, ut vera esse omnia arbitrentur. Est is Parpalia Taurinensis, sed jus Canonicum Avenione profitetur, mihi summo ore amicus, sed Ripæ aliquanto amicior. Si hæc intellexerit, invidia morietur. Consinges ejus orationem, quam Pontifici dixit, plurimum laudis meritam: velle te exemplum: laudabis ejus eloquentiam: gaudet enim ampullis, tametsi malus & indoctus. Nisi enim eam illi ego composuissem, actum de eo erat, nec ausus fuisset Romam orator venire. Sed hæc hactenus. Cura quæso diligenter. Quod ad literas attinet, quas Consentino tuo me scribere jubes, curabo ut morem tibigeram, idque quam primum. Commenda me Scarlatino, idque uni ipsi, ut hinc scias non vulgariter me illi commendari velle. Vale. Mediolani Decimo tertio Kalendas Februarias. M. D. XXIII. Scripseram ad te alias literas, cum in mentem venit posse mihi tuam operam istic conducibilem esse. Quapropter libellum supplicem ad SS. Patrem dictavi, quem velim experiaris, si expediri possit: non ea solum forma, qua a me petitur, sed & si qua aderit melior. Consules igitur hac de re amicos tuos, & certiorem me facies, si impetrari poterit, & qua pecunia opus sit: ne pluris forte constent impendia, quam utilitatis spes. Vale. Mediolani XII. Kalendas Februarias. M. D. XXIII. EPISTOLA XVII. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, O Nerasti me aliis atque aliis literis, ut plane non videam, quomodo tecum paria facere possim. Rescribam tamen, ne indignationem tuam in me provocem: indicasque mihi bellum, vel potius a me desciscis, quod te facturum quandoque minatus es. Spondeo autem fore, ut majore in otio etiam longiores ad te dem: interim æquum est te paucis contentum esse. Quod ad rem tuam attinet, arbitror omnia in tuto fore: nam nihil novi hactenus actum est: & facillimum se exorabileque id genus hominibus, quod e populo sint, ó præstat. Arrigam tamen aures, ut si quid subauscultavero, protinus occurrere possim. Esto itaque bono animo, & ad studia salesque tuos ingenium deflecte. Ad Archiepiscopum tuum, cum paululum otii suffurari potero, ut tibi morem geram, literas dabo. Istic opinor, nihil succedet, nam intelligo modica constitui salaria. Quare Patavii potius vel Bononiæ malim esse: nam quod de Papiensi Gymnasio submones, miror te tantum tibi arrogare, ut plus te posse in eo persuadeas, quam ipse possim, qui cor ipsum & pectus Mariani Præsidis sum, in cujus manum omnia Dux reposuit. Sed ego in ea Academia profiteri nolim, quod sciam in præsentia non esse, quod Doctoribus detur: omnia absumunt milites, nec præter bona verba habet Dux, quod togæ præ-
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISS. since this is among the instructions you have from the Pontiff, who is to conduct me. Please embellish this story, so that they may believe everything to be true. He is Parpalia of Turin, but he professes Canon Law at Avignon; in my highest regard a friend, but a little more friendly to Ripa. If he learns of this, he will die of envy. You will compose his speech, which he delivered to the Pontiff, as having deserved very great praise: you will say that you want a model; you will praise his eloquence: for he delights in bombast, though he is wicked and unlearned. For if I had not composed it for him, he would have been done for, and as an envoy he would not have dared to come to Rome. But enough of this. Please take great care. As for the letters you ask me to write to your Consentino, I shall see to it that I comply, and that as soon as possible. Commend me to Scarlatino, and to him alone, so that from this you may know that I wish myself to be recommended to him not in an ordinary way. Farewell. At Milan, the thirteenth day before the Kalends of February. 1523. I had written other letters to you when it came into my mind that your assistance there could be useful to me. For that reason I dictated a petition to the Most Holy Father, which I should like you to try, if it can be arranged: not only in that form in which it is asked by me, but also, if there be a better one. Consult therefore about this with your friends, and let me know whether it can be obtained, and what sum of money is needed: lest perhaps the expenses cost more than the hope of benefit. Farewell. At Milan, the twelfth day before the Kalends of February. 1523. EPISTLE XVII. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Rome, O Nerasti, you have burdened me with one letter after another, so that I quite do not see how I can make even terms with you. Yet I shall reply, lest I provoke your indignation against me: and you declare war on me, or rather break with me, as you once threatened that you would do. But I promise that, when I am at greater leisure, I shall send you longer letters too; meanwhile it is only fair that you be content with a few words. As for your affair, I think everything will be safe: for nothing new has so far been done; and such men, since they are from the common people, are very easy to win over and very pliable. Nevertheless I shall keep my ears open, so that if I overhear anything, I may be able to come to the point at once. Be of good courage, then, and turn your talent toward your studies and your wit. To your Archbishop, when I can steal a little leisure, I shall write, to oblige you. There, I think, nothing will come of it, for I understand that moderate salaries are fixed. Wherefore I would rather be at Padua or Bologna: for as to what you hint about the Pavia Gymnasium, I marvel that you should arrogate so much to yourself as to persuade yourself that you can do more there than I myself can, I who am the very heart and breast of President Mariano, into whose hand the Duke has placed everything. But I should be unwilling to teach in that Academy, because I know that at present there is nothing to be given to the Doctors: soldiers consume everything, and the Duke has nothing beyond fair words, with which the gown-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 99 præstet. Malo domi esse, & studiis operam dare, mihique ipsi vivere, quam tenues hujusmodi spes sectari. Nominaverunt me urbis nostræ proceres in Vicarium Provisionis, quem scis municipalium dignitatum maximum esse: deprecatus sum id munus, non alio prætextu, quam quod studiorum meorum quietem interpellari nolebam. Cum a librario Pontificios libros ad me allatos in manibus haberem, epistolamque tuam legerem, advenit forte Luranus, qui perlecto epistolæ titulo, quis frater ille Minitius esset, interrogavit: cumque tuam epistolam esse respondissem, mirum in modum admiratus est, quod præter ejus, omniumque expectationem, in cucullionum phrontisteria te intrusisses: interpretabatur enim illud F. quod Minitio præscripsisti, ut fratrem significaret: quare imminet tibi periculum. Cum ad nos reversus fueris, ne apostatam credant, & Phratriæ desertorem. Quod scribis orthographiæ in scribendo me negligentem esse, idque te in literis, quas ad Sadoletum mihi, deprehendisse, vide ne quod ego judicio feci, tu erratum putes. Non enim adeo stupidus sum, ut puerilibus hulce in rebus tam facile labar. Habeo in manibus opusculum quoddam, cujus argumentum opinor tibi non displicebit: ex Dione, Strabone, Suida, aliisque Græcis & Latinis authoribus, Formulam Imperii ab Augusto constitutam collegi: quod jus Cæsaris, quod Senatorum esset: in quas Provincias Præsides, in quas Proconsules destinarentur. Omnem denique Romani Imperii formam breviter & erudite docco: rem a recentioribus omnibus, quorum edita sint opera, nondum perceptam, & maxime primo Digestorum libro intelligendo necessariam; quod videlicet usque ad Augustulum ea semper formula observata fuerit. Quod si tu suaseris, progrediar ulterius, & recentium Imperatorum, qui post Carolum Magnum rerum potiti sunt, ad nostra usque tempora, jus prosequar, hîcque Pontificiam authoritatem adversus Germanos scriptores tuebor, & egregie defendam; ostendamque a Lupoldo, Irenico, Lutherio vanissima commenta publicari: sed ut id faciam, volo abs te rogari. Scribe igitur, quæ sententia sit tua. Tractatum de verborum significatione, ut ad te mittam, exorari non possum: nam amanuensis meus indoctus est, & solis Legulcorum allegationibus, ut vocant, scribendis aptus: nec alium habeo, cui exscribendum mandare possim. Adde, quod nemo est, qui melius impressorum errata corrigat, quam ego ipse in meo opere. Feres itaque æquo animo, si tuam sententiam non sequar. Nam nec in Pontificio opere te adeo diligentem offendi, quantum tibi videris: mirorque quod tunc in mentem tibi venerit, ut tot a malis poëtis accepta epigrammata, in libri ipsius commendationem edita, divulgares: satis unum fuisset & eruditum; sed tu illos ut opinor palpo percutis. De Pacaro quæ scribis perplacuere, libensque me illi insinuarem: sed tu me certiorem fac, an & ipse juris pertritus, quid inquam, peritus sit. Sed ain', verum ne est quamplures libros suos, priusquam edentur, ostendisse Pontifici? Ostenderem certe & ipse, si bene perscriptos eos comentarios haberem, sed divinus es; habeo enim adhuc in schediis cancellatis & inductis, quæ præter Sibyllam leget nemo. Cæterum quæso quod N 2
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LETTERS OF MEN. 99 I prefer to be at home, and to devote myself to my studies, and to live for myself, rather than to pursue such slender hopes. The leaders of our city have nominated me as Vicar of Provision, which you know to be the highest of municipal dignities: I declined that office, under no other pretext than that I was unwilling to have the quiet of my studies disturbed. While I was holding in my hands some Pontifical books brought to me by the bookseller, and reading your letter, Luranus happened to arrive, who, after reading the title of the letter, asked who that brother Minitius might be: and when I answered that it was your letter, he marvelled exceedingly that, contrary to his and everyone’s expectation, you had thrust yourself into the friars’ schools: for he interpreted that F. which you prefixed to Minitius as meaning “brother”; wherefore danger threatens you, if, when you have returned to us, they do not think you an apostate and deserter from the Fraternity. What you write, that I am negligent in spelling in my writing, and that you detected this in the letters which you wrote to me for Sadoletus, see that you do not think mistaken what I did by judgment. For I am not so stupid as to slip so easily in such childish matters. I have in hand a certain little work, the subject of which, I think, will not displease you: from Dio, Strabo, Suidas, and other Greek and Latin authors, I have collected the Form of Empire established by Augustus; what belonged to Caesar’s authority, what to the Senate; into which provinces Governors, into which Proconsuls were appointed. In short, I teach briefly and learnedly the whole structure of the Roman Empire: a matter not yet understood by all the moderns whose works have been published, and especially necessary for understanding the first book of the Digest; namely, that up to the time of Augustulus that same form was always observed. If you advise it, I shall go further, and trace the law of the later Emperors who, after Charlemagne, came into power down to our own times, and here I shall defend the authority of the Pontiff against German writers, and defend it excellently; and I shall show that by Lupold, Irenicus, Luther, most vain opinions are being published: but in order to do this I wish to be requested by you. Write, then, what your opinion is. I cannot be persuaded to send you the treatise On the Signification of Words: for my amanuensis is unlearned, and fit only for writing what they call legal citations; nor have I another to whom I can entrust it for copying. Add to this that there is no one who corrects the errors of printed books better than I myself in my own work. Therefore you will bear it with equanimity if I do not follow your opinion. For even in the Pontifical work I did not find you as diligent as you seem to yourself; and I marvel that it then came into your mind to publish so many epigrams taken from bad poets, issued in praise of the book itself: one learned one would have been enough; but you, I think, stroke them with the flat of the hand. What you write about Pacarus pleased me greatly, and I would gladly make myself known to him: but do you let me know whether he too is skilled in law, what do I say, whether he is an expert. But tell me, is it true that he has shown many of his books to the Pontiff before they were published? I certainly would show them myself too, if I had those commentaries well written out, but you are divine; for I still have them in rough drafts, crossed out and inserted over, which no one will read except the Sibyl. Moreover, I ask that N 2
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100 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. quod præmium habuere, qui ostenderunt? Possem forte & ipse ea spe aliquid egregio librario impendere. Quare fac ut sciam, qua erga doctos liberalitate hi Ecclesiæ principes agant. Scripsi ad te prioribus literis, quid cum Parpa- lia Avenionense Legato agere te velim. Cura quæso diligenter. Nihil mihi gratius facere poteris. Sed hæc hactenus. Scripsi pluribus quam a principio existimaram. Vale. D. Mario, Salomonio, Claudio Ptolemæo, Julio Scarlatino a me salutem dices, esseque me eorum dedititium profiteberis: sed & quid in studiis & Syntaxi agant, cura ut quam primum sciam. Mediolani Pri- die Kalendas Februarias. M. D. XXIII. EPISTOLA XVIII. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, R Escriptisti tandem literis meis, Calvè, sed postquam expectatione diutius me torseras. Voluisti opinor literarum mearum fastidium ulcisci, exem- ploque hoc me admonere ut in futurum paucis utar, ne tibi bonas horas sur- ripiam. Faciam id libens, & postquam te ita velle arbitror, Lacones imita- bor. Ad Consentinum non scripsi, quia tam oppressus sum Clientelis, vel potius Clitelis, ut vix respirem. Mirum in modum tædet me hujus vitæ ge- neris: sed quid faciam? aliqua ratione Mercurio subserviendum est, atque illi quidem negawu[m]. Scribam tamen quam primum. Verum ex te scire ve- lim, an operæ pretium censeas, ut cum xeniolo cum salutem, & cujusmodi, carminene an historia, an juris Civilis: sunt enim mihi id genus multi libelli. Fac igitur ut quid sententiæ habeas, iam certior. Si Veneti dignum me stipendium offerant, nemo est cui libentius inserviam. Censeo factu opti- mum id futurum, si expectaveriscorum adventum ad Pontificem. Cum enim in legatione futurum Antonium Justinianum existimes, ille ipse erit dux & auriga totius negotii: loageque magis proderit unicum Consentini verbum, quam longissimæ literæ. Nam quod ad ipsius Pontificis laudatorium diploma attinet, vix ipse extrico, quomodo tanti culminis servato decoro, possit mei mentionem hoc in genere ullam facere. Si tu tamen in ea sententia perstas, meam mutabo: & qualecunque ad te mittam, ut arbitratu tuo corrigas. Quid ad supplicem libellum expediendum egeris, intellexi: sed eo amplius opus non est, conveni enim cum adversario. Dere fraterna tua bene omnia erunt. Dixi Andræ me aditurum Moronum, & rem omnem, cujus se minime instru- ctum scribit, ordine enarraturum. Negavit id frater, sed se potius iturum: esse enim se in portu. Superest ut curem, ita omnia obliterari, ut in futu- rum quoque tutus sit. Faciam itaque illi consilii mei copiam, ipsique & re- bus cavebo. Quæ de Pontifice Hadriano speras, mihi perplacuere: sed eas pes non satis firma est. Nam ut nos te admoneamus, quis sacerdotum male se habeat,
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100 MOST CLEAR AND LEARNED. What reward did those who showed them receive? Perhaps I myself could even spend something on that hope for an excellent bookseller. Therefore make sure that I know with what generosity toward the learned these princes of the Church act. I wrote to you in earlier letters what I want you to do with Parpalia, the Avignonese legate. Please attend to it diligently. You could not do anything more agreeable for me. But enough of this. I have written at greater length than I had at first supposed. Farewell. Give my regards to D. Mario, Salomonio, Claudio Ptolemaeo, and Giulio Scarlatino, and declare that I am devoted to them; but also take care that I know as soon as possible what they are doing in their studies and in Syntax. Milan, the day before the Kalends of February, 1523. LETTER XVIII. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Rome, You have finally replied to my letters, Calvus, but only after you had tormented me with a longer wait than I expected. I think you wanted to avenge yourself for the annoyance of my letters, and by this example remind me that in future I should use few words, lest I steal your good hours. I will gladly do that, and since I judge that you wish it so, I shall imitate the Lacedaemonians. I have not written to Consentinus, because I am so crushed by clients, or rather by cliteis, that I can scarcely breathe. I am astonishingly weary of this kind of life; but what am I to do? In some way one must serve Mercury, and indeed I shall not refuse him. I shall write, however, as soon as possible. But from you I should like to know whether you think it worth the trouble that I should send with a little gift my greetings, and of what sort: in verse, or history, or civil law? For I have many little books of that sort. So make sure I know what you think. If the Venetians offer me a worthy stipend, there is no one whom I would rather serve. I think it would be best if you were to wait for their arrival at the Pope’s court. For since you think Antonius Justinianus will be in the embassy, he himself will be the leader and driver of the whole affair; and much more will one single word from Consentinus help than the longest letters. For as to the laudatory diploma of the Pontiff himself, I can scarcely see how, while preserving the decorum due to so great a dignity, he could make any mention of me in this kind of document. Yet if you persist in that opinion, I shall change mine, and whatever I send to you, you may correct it as you think fit. I understood what you have done to expedite the supplicatory petition; but no more is needed, for I have made terms with the adversary. In the matter of your brother’s business, all will be well. I told Andrea that I would approach Moronus and explain the whole matter in order, about which he writes that he is by no means informed. The brother denied this, but said that he would rather go himself: for he says that he is in port. What remains is for me to see to it that everything is so wiped away that he may also be safe in future. Therefore I shall make him a share of my plan, and I shall protect both him and the matter. What you hope concerning Pope Hadrian has pleased me greatly; but those hopes are not very firm. For if we are to warn you about which of the priests is in bad health,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 101 habeat, interim dum Pontificem adis, dum impetras, dum nuntius ad te per- volat, morietur æger: & hi, qui ab eo reservationes impetraverunt, Sacer- dotii possessionem apprehendent, tu excluderis. Satius itaque esset, si & tibi reservationis jure, quæ cæteris derogaret, consulere dignaretur. Nescio ubi locorum Paulus Iovius agat: vellem cum eo ageres, ut ad me authentica Græ- ca Justiniani mitteret, si modo Cardinalis sui favore eorum exemplum a Florentinis impetrare possit. Vale. Mediolani xx. Martii. M. D. XXIII. EPISTOLA XIX. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam. Uperem lætiora ad te scribere, si ea se offerrent, sed postquam aliter eve- niunt omnia, quam vellemus, ea qualiacunque sint, oportet ut scias. Andreas tuus parvi, ut opinor, faciens, quos pro eo labores exantlaveras, rursus in idem delictum incidit: & etiam aliquo notabilius quam prius; fece- rat videlicet ei animos indulgentia. Misit in Gallias ultra quadraginta ingen- tes sarcinas armorum: id ad aures Principis statim delatum est, cum ex atte- statione ligatoris, tum ex complicum venditorumque examinatione: quos o- mnes adhuc in carceribus habent. Ad hæc Abraham Pegius publicanus Ver- cellensis paterque ejus, quem in præsentia Capitaneum justitiæ habemus, o- mni bus de rebus certiorem fecit Moronum. Igitur sub poena quingentorum aureorum citatus est, ut coram & in vinculis jus diceret, ipse solum vertit. Egi cum Vicario capitum, ut diffinderetur dies: respondit nihil hac in re pos- se, nisi ex sententia Moroni. Adivi Moronum: respondit Andreæ ulterius diem non dilaturum, quia cum præsens esset, nimirum Bofaloræ, admonitus solum vertit: tui causa nihil facturum, quandoquidem nihil illi tecum nego- tii est, nec enim te diliquisse. Habes summam rei. Ego censeo id necessa- rium esse ut tu veniam, & reculas tuas tuearis, tecumque afferas donarium Leo- nis Decimi, & probationes quibus fidem facias, ex ea pecunia negotiationem te hanc exercere. Suasi Lotoringo ut libros alio deferret, ne Fisco exposita essent omnia: itemque quicquid de rebus auferre posset; respondit id sibi non licere. Nam Turrianos, qui Papiæ sunt, ubi res aufferri viderent, priores eos sibi prædam vendicaturos. Zachariam hic stupidum esse & nihil rerum scire, nec passurum aliquid tegi. Vide quo devenerimus. Oportet itaque, ut tu properes; cum enim a præcepto poenali coeperint, spero omnia juridi- ce eos facturos, supereritque nobis tempus, quo defendamus res tuas. Nec est hic, quod aliquem accuses, præter te ipsum, qui optime fratris tui mores cum agnosceres, tantum ei credidisti, ut dum tu interim spe mera attraheris, & aularum fumos sequeris, hic rem perderet. Accurras igitur, ut saltem in- tra mensem adsis: ipse interim manibus & pedibus omnia faciam, ut tuis re- bus N 3
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 101 he will have it, meanwhile while you go to the Pontiff, while you obtain it, while the messenger flies to you, the sick man will die; and those who have obtained reservations from him will seize possession of the priesthood, while you will be shut out. It would therefore be better if he would deign to provide also for you by the right of reservation, which would derogate from the others. I do not know where Paulus Iovius may be; I should wish you to deal with him so that he may send to me an authentic Greek text of Justinian, if only, with the favor of his Cardinal, he can obtain a copy of it from the Florentines. Farewell. Milan, 20 March 1523. EPISTLE XIX. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome. I should hope to write happier things to you, if such were to present themselves; but since all things turn out otherwise than we should wish, whatever they may be, it is proper that you should know them. Your Andreas, making little account of you, as I think, after the labor you had spent on his behalf, has again fallen into the same fault, and even somewhat more notably than before; indeed, indulgence had put courage into him. He sent into France more than forty huge packs of arms: this was at once reported to the Prince, both from the statement of the packer and from the examination of the accomplices and sellers, all of whom they still keep in prison. Besides this, Abraham Pegius, the tax-farmer of Vercelli and his father, whom at present we have as Captain of Justice, informed Moroni of all the circumstances. Therefore he was cited under penalty of five hundred gold pieces, so that he should plead his case in person and in chains; he, for his part, turned himself round only. I dealt with the Vicar of the heads, so that the day might be postponed; he replied that nothing could be done in this matter except by Moroni’s decision. I went to Moroni: he replied that he would not postpone the day any further for Andreas, because he was present, namely at Bofalora; he had merely turned round when warned: that he would do nothing on your account, since he has no business with you, nor indeed has he wronged you. You have the gist of the matter. I think it necessary that you should come, and defend your own affairs, and bring with you the gift of Leo X and the proofs by which you may make it clear that you carry on this business with that money. I advised Lotoringo to move the books elsewhere, lest everything be exposed to the fisc; and likewise whatever he could remove from the goods; he replied that this was not lawful for him. For the Turriani, who are at Pavia, if they saw the goods being taken away, would claim the spoils for themselves before anyone else. Zachariah here is stupid and knows nothing of affairs, and will not allow anything to be concealed. See to what we have come. It is therefore necessary that you hasten; for when they have begun with the penal process, I hope they will do everything according to law, and there will remain for us time in which to defend your interests. Nor is there anyone here whom you should accuse, except yourself, who, although you knew your brother’s character perfectly well, trusted him so much that, while you meanwhile were being drawn along by empty hope and following the smoke of courts, he lost the business. Hasten therefore, so that at least you may be present within a month: meanwhile I myself will do everything with hands and feet, so that in your affairs N 3
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102 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. bus prosim: tametsi sciam, me hac de causa non mediocrem Moroni offensam incurrisse, quod pro Andrea intercedere ausus fuerim. Vale. Mediolani 9 Aprilis. M. D. XXIII. EPISTOLA XX. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam. Quod ad rem fratris tui attinet, quid futurum sit ignoro: arbitror tamen nihil boni futurum. Nam acriter impellimur, præsertim sollicitante Armigero quodam, cui Dux confiscationem hanc, qualiscunque futura sit, dono dedit. Differemus tamen & procrastinabimus quantum in nobis crit. Sed longe tibi utilius esset, si te huc conferres, nam & præsenti rerum statui consuleres & futuro: videor enim videre, utinam mentiar, magnam rerum, quas hic reliquisti, calamitatem: ita omnia frater tuus pessundedit, manda-vitque sui simillimis. Solet Fiscus statim res, quæ administrationi delinquentium subjectæ erant, apprehendere, & postquam earum possessionem nactus est, tum demum audit contradicentes: sive de jure domini probare velint, sive de hypothesa. Id ego ut evitarem (sit enim non modica impensa, dum apprehendunt bona: sit rursus non modica jactura rerum mobilium, nam & Notarii & Apparatores, & ipsi Iudices multa furantur & absportant; Acce-dit his, quod oportet petere ab ipsis, quod apud nos erat, itemque solvere sportulas magnas judicibus) ut igitur hasce harpyas evitaremus, mandave-ram Verrio, ut absportaret omnia & clam deponeret, vel apud Andream Con-radum, vel ubicunque. Cum id præpararet, ecce ancilla, quæ domi est & liliolam ex fratre tuo habet, vetuit quicquam aufferri, quod diceret se scire nihil periculi esse, non ausi sunt indicare dominæ, nec opus fuit jurgio; cum si id viciniscivissent, accusassent protinus, ita amatur a vicinis frater tuus. De-fecti hoc remedio, aliam spem non habuimus, quam in tergiversatione, do-nec tu venias & rem tuam familiarem constituas, quæ alioquin quamprimum dilapsura est, ita sunt omnia in præcipiti. Si velis nos tuo nomine litigare, oportet procuratores aliquos hic constituas, ut Verrium (etenim ille gnavi- ter se gerit) Jo. Georgium Castenum, Julianum Piscinam, me, & si quos alios probas. Mitte quamprimum publicum instrumentum mandati confectum solertissime. Ego non secus quam in re mea, & aliquanto etiam plus, omnia experiar, omnem movebo lapidem, ut rei tuæ consulam. Quod ad Justinianum attinet, age cum co, ut pinguiusculum mihi honorarium insti- tuatur, ita tamen, ut antequam hinc discedam, aliquid mihi pecuniarum cu-ret numerari, quibus instruam viaticum, puta-ducentos aureos. Poteris, quæ edita sunt, opera mea illi ostendere; in præsentia enim cum plurima habeam, mittere nihil possum: sunt enim in autoschediis adhuc plenis liturarum: nec scri-
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102 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. to be of use to me: though I know that for this reason I have incurred no small offense from Moroni, because I dared to intervene on behalf of Andrea. Farewell. Milan, 9 April 1523. EPISTLE XX. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome. As to the matter of your brother, I do not know what will happen; I think, however, that nothing good will happen. For we are being pressed hard, especially by the urging of a certain Armiger, to whom the Duke has given this confiscation, whatever it may turn out to be, as a gift. Nevertheless, we shall delay and put it off as long as we can. But it would be far more useful for you if you were to come here, for then you would provide for both the present state of affairs and the future as well: for I seem to see, unless I am mistaken, a great calamity in the things you left here; so completely has your brother ruined everything and entrusted it to men most like himself. The Fisc is accustomed at once to seize the things that were subject to the administration of delinquents, and only after it has obtained possession of them does it then hear those who object, whether they wish to prove by right of ownership or by mortgage. To avoid this, since it is no small expense when they seize goods; and again no small loss of movable property, for both notaries and apparitors, and even the judges themselves, steal and carry off a great deal; besides this, one must ask from them what was once among us, and also pay large fees to the judges — to avoid, then, these harpies, I had given Verrio orders to carry everything off and secretly deposit it, either with Andrea Conradus or wherever possible. While he was arranging this, lo and behold, the maidservant who is in the house and has a little daughter by your brother forbade anything to be taken away, saying that she knew there was no danger; they did not dare to tell the mistress, nor was there any need for quarreling, since if the neighbors had learned of it, they would have accused him immediately — so beloved is your brother by the neighbors. Deprived of this remedy, we had no other hope than delay, until you should come and settle your affairs, which otherwise will be lost as soon as possible, so precarious are all things. If you wish us to litigate in your name, you must appoint some procurators here, such as Verrio (for indeed he behaves himself vigorously), Jo. Georgius Castenus, Julianus Piscina, me, and others if you approve of them. Send as soon as possible the public instrument of mandate, drawn up with the greatest care. I shall make every effort, no less as in my own affair, and even somewhat more, and I shall move every stone, so that I may attend to your interests. As for Justinianus, try to arrange with him that a somewhat larger honorarium be assigned to me; yet in such a way that before I depart from here, he see to it that some money be paid to me, with which I may provide for my journey, say two hundred gold pieces. You may show him the works that have been published by me; for at present, since I have many things, I cannot send anything: for they are still in draft copies full of corrections; nor do I wri-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 10; scriptorem habeo ad manus, qui eis in exscribendis mihi satisfaciat, præter unum, quem habui. Non omnino male descriptum mitto ad te librum secundum de constitutione Romani Imperii, nam priorem adhuc exscribi non curavi, quod ille ad Jurisconsultos potius pertineat, iste ad historicos. Legas tu cum prius: & si in eo quicquam offendes, quod displiciturum existimaveris, supprimes; ne inde odium mihi comparem, unde gratiam acquire- re sperabam. Ad Consentinum absque aliquo libelli xeniolo scribere non audeo: & ex tot meis scribliginibus in præsentia nihil habeo pulchre descriptum, excepto hoc libello, quem ad te mitto. Si dignum existimaveris qui ei detur, me certiorem facias. Tum enim scribam, ut una cum literis meis libellum des. Sunt autem apud me editioni præparata hæc opera; Interpretationes in tractatum [etc]. de verborum significatione. Interpretationes in titulum de summa Trinitate, & fide Catholica. Itemque de Sacramentis Ecclesia. De constitutione Romani Imperii libri duo. Ex poëtices studiis epigrammatum libri quatuor. Comædia antiqua, Nubes, ex Aristophane translata. Ex- tera autem, quæ multa in manibus habeo, adhuc imperfecta sunt: qualia sunt Præsumptionum, quas parturio, libri septem. Item responsorum longe plures. Si quid igitur ex eis, quæ editioni parata esse dixi, ad te transmitti velis, me per literas commonefacias, ut statim librario alicui tradam, qui describat. Inter volvendum reperi penes me esse principium interpretationis in librum primum C. de summa Trinitate: mittere placuit tanquam prægustamentum operis. Sed tu, ut dixi, quicquid constitueris, reddes me certiorem, ut ad Consentinum scribere possum. Vale. Sexto Kal. Majas. M. D. XXIII. EPISTOLA XXI. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, Scripsi ad te ante istos tumultus pluries: tu tamen nihil interim ad me: opinor, iratus eras, quod tibi morem non gessissem, & ideo te dignas iras conceperas. Decreveram ipse vicissim parem tibi gratiam reddere, & amplius non scribere. Sed obstinationem hanc meam vicit utilitatis tuæ ratio. Andreas frater tuus, priusquam hinc discederet, a quamplurimis argentariis mutuas pecunias sumpsit sub usuris. Ei terminus præstitutus fuerat ad restituendum proximis tum nundinalibus Lugduni. Is terminus elapsus est, subsecutæ sunt & aliæ nundinæ, nec his quidem solvit. Verrius hactenus diem de die duxit: sed in præsentia consumpsit fidem quoque. Sciunt creditores sibi verba dari, expectantque ut solvatur justitium. Statim enim sub mercatorum Duumviris rem suam prosequentur: nec adversus Andreas tantum, sed in te etiam. Habent enim municipali lege cautum, ob æs alienum, cum mercatore conscripto contractum, fratres quoque, qui adhuc indivisam familiam teneant,
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LETTERS OF MEN. 10; I have on hand a scribe who can satisfy me in copying them out, besides the one I had before. I send you the second book, not badly transcribed, on the constitution of the Roman Empire; for I have not yet had the former copied out, since that one belongs rather to jurists, this one to historians. Read the earlier one first; and if in it you find anything that you think will be displeasing, suppress it, lest I acquire hatred from that from which I had hoped to win favor. I do not dare write to Consentinus without some little gift for the recipient; and of all my scribblings I have at present nothing elegantly written except this little book, which I send to you. If you judge it worthy to be given to him, let me know. Then I shall write so that you may give the little book along with my letter. Now I have the following works prepared for publication with me: Interpretations on the treatise [etc.] On the Meaning of Words. Interpretations on the title On the Supreme Trinity and the Catholic Faith. Also On the Sacraments of the Church. Two books On the Constitution of the Roman Empire. From studies in poetry, four books of epigrams. An old comedy, The Clouds, translated from Aristophanes. But the others, which I have in great number in hand, are still unfinished, such as seven books of Presumptions, which I am bringing forth. Likewise, many more Responsa. If, therefore, you wish any of those things which I said were ready for publication to be sent to you, inform me by letter so that I may immediately hand them to some scribe to copy. While turning them over, I found that I have here the beginning of an interpretation of the first book of the C. On the Supreme Trinity; I decided to send it as a kind of foretaste of the work. But you, as I said, whatever you decide, will let me know, so that I may write to Consentinus. Farewell. The sixth day before the Kalends of May. 1523. EPISTLE XXI. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. GREETING. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome, I wrote to you several times before these disturbances; yet in the meantime you wrote nothing to me. I suppose you were angry because I had not complied with your wishes, and for that reason you had conceived an anger befitting you. I had in turn resolved to repay you with like courtesy and to write no more. But the interest of your welfare overcame this obstinacy of mine. Your brother Andreas, before leaving here, borrowed money under interest from very many bankers. A deadline had been set for him to repay it at the next fair in Lyon. That deadline passed, then other fairs followed, and he paid even at these not at all. Verrius has so far been putting them off from day to day, but at present he has exhausted even his credit. The creditors know that they are being put off with words, and they are waiting for payment to be made under suspension of proceedings. For immediately they will prosecute their case before the merchant duumvirs; and not only against Andreas, but also against you. For they have a municipal law in place, that in the case of debt contracted with a registered merchant, the brothers also, who still hold the family undivided, ...
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. teneant, itemque socios, famulos, institores, in solidum conveniri posse. Vi- de in quod te periculum ille conjecerit. Unicum est remedium, si in foro Ecclesiastico rem deduxerimus: nec enim tum constitutio illa observabitur. Formandus igitur tibi erit supplex libellus ad Pontificem, qui tibi judicem det, ne in foro Laëcorum litigare compellaris: tum perscrutandum erit diplo- ma, quo in Clericorum albo descriptus sis. Deligere poteris in delegatum, præpositum Ecclesiæ Caterinæ Casellarum diocesis Laudensis. Luranus noster est, vel si quem alium, cui fidas, habes. Id unicum est remedium, quod lipsis rebus tibi sciam invenire: tametsi consultius esset, si paulisper intermis- sis syrenibus his & Romanis, tu venires, & rem tuam ageres, memor Gel- lianæ Cassiæ. Ne prædictum tibi non dicas, id admoneo, nisi tu coram adsis, omnis hæc recula tua dilabetur. Petunt Publicani, petit Franciscinus Abduas, petunt alii plerique: tu autem bellus negotiator interim desides, rem tuam sinens per alienos administrari: & arbitraris sufficere, quas ab urbe scribis literas, quas Moroniani, non dicam Cancellarii, sed nec subadjuvæ nisi cursum lectitant, & ad eas etiam inconsulto Domino, ex generali man- dato respondent, verba nimirum pro verbis. Oportet ipse adsis, & rem tuam tractes: alioquin omnia crunt irrita. Ego, quod ad me pertinet, possum & consilio & advocatione tibi præsto esse: sed litiganti alia quoque necessaria sunt, quæ ipse præstare nequeo: & is solum præstat, cujus interest. Scio me in Toronæo portu verba facere: sed id mihi satis est, quod minus prædi- ctum id a me causari non poteris. Mirum certe est te prudentem hominem, duobus mensibus non posse ab hac curia abesse. Non exigo ut eam derelin- quas, sed ut brevissimo hoc termino secedas, statim reversurus, si ita vide- bitur. Sed hæc hactenus. De publicis rebus nihil est quod scribam, nisi nos meliora in dies sperare. Quod privatim ad me attinet, valco corpore, mente vero non æque. Combusserunt mihi Galli villam, destruxerunt omnia: nihil est reliquum præter solum. A Curia abhorreo, quod in ea nemo est, qui sciat literas. Velim cures ad me deferri lexicon illud decumanum Varini Epi- scopi: numerabo enim præsentem pecuniam ei qui attulerit. Opinor te maxi- me gaudere ob novum Pontificem, vel Iovii nostri causa, quem spero brevi Episcopizandum. Si tu censueris, ad eum gratulatorias literas dabo, horta- borque tandem edat historiam, videt enim in summo rerum humanarum fa- stigio, cum, cui tantum opus merito dedicet. Vale. Mediolani Quarto Ka- lendas Decembris. M. D. XXIII. EPISTOLA XXII. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Romam, A Ccepi tandem literas tuas, & id intellexi, quod potissimum scire ave- bam, an videlicet hujusmodi sacerdotia commendationis titulo concedi soleant:
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most clear and learned. they should hold it, and likewise associates, servants, and agents can be sued jointly and severally. See into what danger that man has thrown you. There is only one remedy, if we have brought the matter before the Ecclesiastical court; for then that decree will not be observed. You must therefore draft a humble petition to the Pontiff, asking him to appoint a judge for you, so that you are not compelled to litigate in the lay court; then the diploma will need to be examined, by which you were entered in the clerics’ register. You may choose as delegate the provost of the church of Caterina in the diocese of Lodi. Our Luranus is one, or if you have some other man you trust. That is the only remedy I know how to find for you in the present situation; although it would be more prudent if, with these Sirens and Romans left aside for a little, you came yourself and handled your own affair, remembering Gelliana Cassia. Do not fail to heed what I say: unless you are present in person, all this business of yours will slip away. The Publicans are pressing their claim, Franciscinus Abduas is pressing his, many others as well; but you, a fine negotiator, meanwhile are idling, allowing your affairs to be handled by others, and you suppose it is enough to write from the city letters which the Moronians, not to say the Chancellor, or even his deputy, read only as a matter of routine, and to which they reply even without consulting the Lord, by general mandate, words for words, as it were. You must be present yourself and conduct your own case; otherwise everything will be void. For my part, I can assist you with both counsel and advocacy; but a litigant also needs other things, which I cannot provide myself, and only he provides whose interest it is. I know I am speaking at the port of Torona; but that is enough for me, since you will not be able to excuse yourself by saying I gave you no warning. It is surely astonishing that you, a prudent man, cannot be away from this curia for two months. I do not ask you to abandon it, only to withdraw for this very short term, and return at once, if it should seem good. But enough of this. As to public matters, there is nothing I need write except that each day we hope for better things. As for me privately, I am sound in body, though not equally in mind. The French have burned my villa and destroyed everything: nothing remains except the ground. I loathe the Curia, because there is no one in it who knows letters. I should like you to have that great lexicon of Varinus the Bishop sent to me: for I shall pay cash on the spot to whoever brings it. I suppose you are greatly rejoicing over the new Pontiff, also for the sake of our Jovius, whom I hope will soon be made a bishop. If you judge it fit, I shall send him congratulatory letters, and I shall also urge him at last to publish the history; for he sees himself at the highest summit of human affairs, to whom he may rightly dedicate so great a work. Farewell. Milan, on the Fourth Day before the Kalends of December, 1523. EPISTLE XXII. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Rome, I have at last received your letters, and I have understood what I most wished to know, namely, whether benefices of this kind are customarily granted under the title of recommendation:
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 105 soleant: superest ut certiorem me facias, cum eo modo conceduntur, an mul- tum compositionis sportulam augeant, longeque, vel id minus excedunt, quod alioqui solveretur, si justo titulo tribuerentur. Tradidi nuper amanuensi commentarios quosdam nostros in jure, ut cos, postquam exscripti fuerint, ad te mittam typis tuis informandos. Poteris characteribus, quorum exem- plum ad me milisti, uti pro contextu ipso, sunt enim ut ita dicam decumani, & qui ex omni Academia nostra soli Lurano placeant, quem nosti non satis pollere visu. Velim igitur aliud exemplum ad me des paulo minutiorum no- tarum, unde meas hasce glossulas in publicum edas. Operum quæ ad te mis- surus sum, hæc est nomenclatura; Commentaria in Tractatum [etc] de verborum significatione. Commentaria in titulum C. de summa Trinitate & fide Catho- lica. Commentaria in quamplures leges C. de Sacrosancta Ecclesia. Tractatus in 1. Si prius [etc] de op. nov. nunt. Oratio in principio studii. De formula Ro- mani Imperii libri duo. Surgent, ut arbitror, hæc omnia in par volumen ejus, quod superioribus annis a me editum fuit, quodque nuper a Cratandro in Germania quam emendatissimum rursus exijt. Tu me certiorem facias, quo tempore poteris commode hisce meis libris edendis operam dare. Vereor enim ne, ut in cæteris, ita & hac in re te callipedem præstes, qui, omnia movens, nihil promoves. Vale. Mediolani I I Idus Majas. M. D. XXIV. Jovio Scarlati- noque dices ex me plurimam salutem. Hæc scripseram, cum alias a te lite- ras accepi. In his illud in primis mirum mihi visum est, quod scribis significasse tibi Datarium, summopere difficillimum fore, ut impetrare possum justo titulo mihi concedi, nedum commendari illud sacerdotium: cum vulgo videas etiam infantibus id indulgeri, dum ærario Pontificio refundant, quod convenerit. Penes me tanti non esset Croesi gaza, ut summam difficultatem in ea potiunda ex- periri velim. Pestis multum increbescit, conferam me in rusculum, & ibi omissis omnibus curis, solis studiis me dedam. Vale. Decimo Kalendas Junias. EPISTOLA XXIII. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, Subverebar ne priores literæ, quas ad te scripseram, ex fide redditæ non essent, cæperamque jam cum cursorum præfecto altercari; cum ecce Turnonensis Cardinalis ad me tuas misit, discussitque jam bullientem indi- gnationem, quod ideo scribo, ut scias quanti literas tuas faciam, quæ pos- sint mihi & amicos conciliare & conjunctos dirimere, tametsi pleraque in cis desiderem, quæ cum otium consequutus esses, scripturum te polliceris. Interpello itaque te, ut stes promissis, absolvasque tandem fidem tuam, & omnium me rerum, publicarum, privatarum, divinarum, humanarum certiorem facias, ut cum ad te rursus scripsero, non Apostolicum Typogra- phum, O
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LETTERS OF MEN. 105 They are accustomed to do so: it remains for you to let me know whether, when they are granted in that manner, they greatly increase the gratuity of the composition, or whether they fall far short of what would otherwise be paid if they were conferred under a proper title. I recently handed over to a copyist some of my commentaries on law, so that, after they have been transcribed, I may send them to you to be set in type by your press. You may use the typeface of which you sent me a specimen in place of the text itself; for those letters are, so to speak, capital letters, and the only ones in our whole Academy that would please Lurano, whom you know does not see well enough. I should therefore like you to send me another specimen of somewhat smaller characters, from which I may publish these little glosses of mine. The works I shall send you are these: Commentaries on the Treatise [etc.] on the meaning of words. Commentaries on the title C. On the most holy Trinity and the Catholic faith. Commentaries on many laws C. On the Most Holy Church. Treatise on 1. Si prius [etc.] on new works announced. Speech at the beginning of the course. On the form of the Roman Empire, two books. I believe all these will grow into a volume equal to that which I published in earlier years, and which has recently been issued again in Germany by Cratander, as corrected as possible. Let me know when you can conveniently undertake the printing of these books of mine. For I fear that, as in other matters, so also in this you will prove a callipedes, one who, while moving everything, moves nothing forward. Farewell. Milan, the eleventh day before the Ides of May, 1524. Give my very warm greetings to Jovio and Scarlatino from me. I had written this when I received another letter from you. In it the thing that struck me most was that you write that the Datary informed you it would be extremely difficult to obtain that the benefice be granted to me under a proper title, much less recommended: whereas you can see it commonly granted even to infants, so long as they refund to the Pontifical treasury what has been agreed upon. I would not value Croesus’ treasury enough to wish to experience the greatest difficulty in obtaining it. The plague is spreading greatly; I shall retire to a little place in the country, and there, putting aside all cares, I shall devote myself only to study. Farewell. The tenth day before the Kalends of June. EPISTLE XXIII. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome, I was afraid that the earlier letters I had written to you had not been duly delivered, and I had already begun to quarrel with the chief of the couriers, when lo, the Cardinal of Tournon sent me yours, and thus dispelled the indignation that was already boiling up in me; and I write this so that you may know how highly I value your letters, which can both win me friends and separate those who are joined together, although in them I miss much that you promised you would write once you had leisure. I therefore press you to keep your promises, to fulfill your word at last, and to make me aware of all matters, public and private, divine and human, so that when I write to you again, not the Apostolic Printer,
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106 CLARIS ET DOCTISS. phum, sed Varronem meum salutem. Nec est quod speres posse excusationem te ullam mihi obtrudere: nullam prorsus admittam, qui sciam non chiragra te, sed podagra laborare. Atqui non melius poteris molestum illud otium discutere, quam ad me longissimas scribendo. Admonitus sum etiam Vincentii literis, quantum tu in Bononiensi negotio laboris assumpseris, sed mihi Calvi sedulitas ignota non est. Ago itaque gratias, & hanc curam te abjicere jubeo, ne actam rem agamus. Fruatur tantisper Seniculus ille noster Decius coelo illo, dum alio à Mercurio deducatur, nempe ad Charontis naviculam; est enim non ætate solum, sed & variis morbis, ut nosti, adfectus, ut vix mihi ipsi credam, potuisse eum hominem morbo Gallico Ischiadicoque præterea fractum tandiu superesse, & cornicibus jam corvisque, vel potius cicadis comparari. Mihi certe haudquaquam utile fuisset illo conduci: agebarque, cum ad Tudertinum scripsi, fatuo potius quodam Italiæ patriæque amore, quam vera ratione. Quod ut rectissime teneas, præfari me quædam oportet. Cum circumventus undique variis malis Italia excedere constituissem, Avenionemque me contulissem, Cardinalisque ille Legatus plurima polliceretur, nihil præstaret, oblatam à Biturigibus sexcentorum solarium conditionem accepi, sedemque ad eos transluli: qui me tantâ humanitate honoreque exceperunt, quantum vix effari tibi possim: quoque majorem erga me benevolentiam ostenderent, colonarii nomine francicos quadraginta supra conventionem obtulerunt: nec is finis liberalitatis, muneri Regentiæ ut vocant adscripserunt, quod supra centum aureos mihi annuos reddit. Conveneram ad biennium, id est ad Martium mensem proximum: at ut mihi in mentem veniret novare conventionem, in Galliaque permanendi consilium caperem, cum ipso Cardinali Turnonense eorum Archiepiscopo egerunt, ut precibus suis regiam erga me munificentiam provocaret. Suscepit ille lubens hanc provinciam, ut qui omnium Doctorum in Gallia tutelare quoddam sit numen, quique me jam antea noverat, amabatque non vulgariter. Legerat enim Regi ipsi libellum de singulari certamine meum, & curaverat ut me inter suos Rex duceret. Facillime itaque impetravit mihi trecentorum solarium pensionem. Cum jam ei Rex præfatus esset meritis meis haudquaquam condignam summam illam esse, verum non ampliorem constituere, quia non petiissem, quicquid enim de se velim, propenso animo facturum, quod existimaret maximo me ornamento Galliæ luæ esse: si Magistri libellorum munus aveam, libentissime se illud concessurum. Vides, Calve, quantum mihi hic sperandum sit, quamque non temere hæc est a me dimittenda occasio. Nec enim ego spem hanc flocci facio, utut irritam ducam, qui possum præsentem pecuniam? Rarum est, & nescio an nostratempestate cuiquam contigerit, ut Iureconsulto vix trigesimum & septimum annum attingenti tantum honorarii conferretur. Agebat sexagesimum Jason, priusquam huc pertingere potuerit: idque maximum in Gallia, in qua soleant Professores etiam celeberrimi adventitio illo regen- tix
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106 MOST DISTINGUISHED AND LEARNED. ... not Ph., but give my regards to my Varrus. Nor is there any reason why you should hope to press upon me any excuse at all: I shall admit none whatsoever, since I know that you suffer not from chiragra, but from podagra. Yet you will not be able to shake off that troublesome leisure any better than by writing to me at great length. I have also been informed by Vincentius’ letters how much labor you have undertaken in the business of Bologna, but Calvus’s diligence is no stranger to me. I therefore give thanks, and bid you lay aside this care, lest we be doing a thing already done. Let our little old Decius meanwhile enjoy that sky of ours for the time being, until he is led away by another Mercury, namely to Charon’s boat; for he is afflicted, as you know, not only by age but also by various diseases, so that I can scarcely believe even myself that that man, broken by the French disease and besides by sciatica, has been able to survive so long, and may now be compared with crows, or rather with cicadas. Certainly it would by no means have been useful for me to be hired there: and when I wrote to the Tudertine, I was moved more by some foolish love of Italy and of my homeland than by sound reason. In order that you may hold this most correctly, I must preface a few things. When, hemmed in on every side by various misfortunes, I had resolved to leave Italy and had betaken myself to Avignon, and when that Cardinal-Legate was making many promises but fulfilling nothing, I accepted the offer made by the Bituriges of six hundred scudi, and transferred my seat to them: they received me with such great kindness and honor as I can scarcely express to you; and, to show even greater goodwill toward me, they offered forty francs above the agreement under the name of a colonary: nor did their liberality end there, for they assigned me what they call the Regency office, which yields me more than a hundred gold pieces annually. I had contracted for two years, that is, until the coming month of March; but when it came into my mind to renew the agreement and to decide to remain in France, they, together with the Cardinal of Tournon, their archbishop, took action so that he might, by his prayers, stir up royal munificence toward me. He readily undertook this task, as one who is, in a sense, a guardian deity of all the doctors in France, and who had already known me before and loved me not at all lightly. For he had read to the King himself my little book on the duel, and had taken care that the King should count me among his own. He therefore very easily obtained for me a pension of three hundred scudi. When the King had already said to him that that sum was by no means equal to my merits, but that he would not set any larger amount, because I had not asked for it, for whatever I should wish from him he would do with ready good will, since he considered me to be of the greatest ornament to France; and if I should desire the office of Master of Requests, he would most willingly grant it. You see, Calvus, how much I may hope for here, and how rashly this opportunity is not to be dismissed by me. For I do not make light of this hope, though I may think it vain; what present money can I get? It is rare, and I know not whether in our time it has happened to anyone, that a jurist barely reaching his thirty-seventh year should be granted so large an honorarium. Jason was in his sixtieth year before he could reach this point; and that is the greatest thing in France, where even the most celebrated professors are accustomed to receive that adventitious regency...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 107 tiæ lucro contenti esse. Non leve ego & illud duco quod Antisophistam nul- lum habeam, quod in manu mea sit a civibus centum aureos impetrare ei, quem ego ad legendi munus promovere velim, dando: quod summa in omnium admiratione sim, qua cives, qua advenæ, summi, insimi, me- dioxumi in honore habeant; in tutissimo loco agam, vel potius profundissi- mo in pacis gremio. Vide quot commoditates illi uni patriæ opponam? Itaque non est quod aliud ad te, vel de Patavina, vel de Senensi conditione rescribam: quamvis & superioribus mensibus iter hac fecerit Legatus ad Re- gem Venetus, nomen ei est Sebastianus Justinianus, is in Gymnasium meum cum Ludovico Cato Iureconsulto Ferrariensique Oratore descendit, postque lectionem utrumque visitatum veni, ut tantæ humanitatis gratias eis agerem. Postquam multa ambo mecum commentati sunt, in eum ingressus est sermo- nem Venetus, ut se ex Quartumviris reformandæ Patavinæ Academiæ unum diceret, in Italiam hac causa intra paucos menses reversurum; si mihi luberet in ea profiteri, curaturum se, ut quantum maximum quisquam habeat ho- norarium, mihi assignaretur: ad hæc suadere, ne patriam terram, tot numeris præstantiorem, Galliæ posthaberem. Respondi non esse mihi integrum: sive quod fides mea non nisi lapso anno absolveretur, sive quia subvererer ne Christianissimo Regi aliud mentis esset; & quamvis plurimum cuperem Rei- publicæ illi obsequi, tamen me exploratissimum habere opera mea eos non indigere propter nuper accessitum Curtium: si tamen ipse cum in Italiam reversus esset, aliter judicasset, meque ejus rei certiorem fecisset, repertu- rum, rimam, ut absoluta semper fide ad eos contenderem (non exculpseram adhuc a rege trecentos illos.) Et hæc quod ad Venetos attinet, cum eo Oratore mecum acta sunt. Ferrariensem jam antea nomine & fama notum habebam. Scripserat is adversus libellum, quem de quinque pedum præ- scriptione edideram, prolixos commentarios: certabatque in eo mecum ac- curatissimis rationibus, ut formidabilis inimicus, cæterum tam reverenter & modeste, ut fratrem existimare posses: & is omnem mihi operam suam li- bentissime exhibuit: egi gratias. Nec dubito, si usus veniat, quin quod pollicitus est re ipsa sit præstiturus. Senensem hunc tuum Lactantium Pto- lemæum à doctissimis quibusdam amicis meis accepi quanta doctrinarum en- cyclopædia præpolleat, quantaque sit humanitate insignis, quamque omni- bus numeris absolutus. Non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Galli, ut non ejus fama etiam huc advolarit. Quo sit ut non parum hoc nomine tibi de- beam, quod ei me commendaveris. Cæterum quod ultro obtulit se reipu- blicæ suæ scripturum, non est quod in præsentia ei molestus hac de re sis: reservandi sunt tales amici ad necessitates repentinas. Cuperem tamen ex tuis certior fieri, quidnam de Claudio Ptolemæo actum sit: vivatne, opus- ne suum perfecerit, quo videbatur nescio quid paradoxis meis minitari. Me- ministi puto te conciliante scripsisse eum ad me octavo abhinc, opinor, anno, & capitis unius exemplum misisse, quod ego perinde ac debui plurimum O 2 com-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 107 to be content with the gain of one’s country. Nor do I count it a slight matter that I have no Antisophist, that it lies in my power to obtain from the citizens one hundred gold pieces for him whom I may wish to promote to the office of reader, by granting it; that I am held in the highest admiration by all, both citizens and strangers, great and small, middling and low, and live in the safest place, or rather in the deepest bosom of peace. See how many advantages I oppose to that one country! So then there is no need that I should write back to you anything further, either about the Paduan or the Sienese condition: although in the past months the Venetian envoy to the King passed this way; his name is Sebastianus Justinianus. He came down to my lecture-room with Ludovicus Cato, the jurist, and the Ferraran orator; and after the lecture I went to visit both of them, that I might thank them for such courtesy. After both had discussed many things with me, the Venetian entered into conversation in such a way that he said he was one of the four men appointed to reform the Academy of Padua, and would return to Italy for this purpose within a few months; if I would care to teach there, he would see to it that the largest salary anyone could have would be assigned to me: and he urged me not to put my native land, so superior in so many respects, after France. I replied that it was not in my power: either because my obligation would not be completed until a year had passed, or because I feared that the Most Christian King might have other intentions; and although I very much desired to serve that Republic, nevertheless I was quite certain that they did not need my services because of the recent addition of Curtius: if, however, when he had returned to Italy, he should judge otherwise and inform me of the matter, he would find a way, so that once my duty was fully discharged I should hasten to them (I had not yet wrung those three hundred from the king). And this is what was done with the Venetian in my conversation with him. I had long before known the Ferraran by name and reputation. He had written, against the booklet which I had published on the five-foot prescription, lengthy commentaries; and in that he contended with me by the most exact arguments, like a formidable enemy, yet with such reverence and moderation that you might have thought him a brother: and he most willingly offered me all his assistance. I thanked him. Nor do I doubt that, if the occasion arises, he will in fact do what he has promised. I received this Sienese man, your Lactantius Ptolemaeus, from certain very learned friends of mine, as a man who excels in an encyclopedia of learning, is distinguished by the greatest courtesy, and is perfect in every respect. We French do not bear such dull hearts that his fame should not have flown even here. So it is that I owe you not a little in this regard, because you recommended me to him. As for his voluntary offer to write to his republic, there is no need for you to trouble him about this matter at present: such friends are to be reserved for sudden necessities. Yet I should like to be informed by you what has been done about Claudius Ptolemaeus: whether he is alive, whether he has finished his work, with which he seemed to me to threaten something paradoxical in my own writings. I think you remember that, through your mediation, he wrote to me eight years ago, I believe, and sent a sample of one chapter, which I, as I ought, very much com-
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108 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. commendavi: ab eo tempore nihil ultra accepi. Desidero itaque certius a te aliquid hac de re explorari, & quid compertum habueris admoneri. Quod & de cæteris quibusque doctissimis ut facias etiam te atque etiam rogo: scriboque ad te has adeo prolixas, nec otio me abuti cenleo, ut exemplo invitem ad facienda mecum paria. Edidi nuper ad Rescripta Principum libros quinque, hoc est hujus anni lecturam, dedicavique Reverendissimo a Cæsiis, sive ut Tudertino morem gererem, quocum arctissima jungor amicitia, sive ut qualicunque huic labori, quem in provincia hac irrita Bononiense suscepit, aliquid gratiæ rependerem. Cognosces ex epistola ad lectorem, quibus causis actus editionem festinarim. Persuasissimum id tibi habe, Calve optime, si huc decem Decii & viginti Curtii advenirent, fore ut omnes ab Alciato multis parasangis prævorterentur: adeo Galli isti bonarum literarum Latinitatisque amantes sunt, ut quantumvis maximum doctorem fastidiant, nisi & idem eloquentiæ studiis præmineat. Vereor si in Italia cum morem servare vellem, ut per imperitorum querimonias mihi liceret. At hic omnes uno ore hanc methodum vulgatæ, qua jam aliquos menses docueram, prætulerunt. Quæ causa est ut & libentius hic doceam & magis ex animo studia hæc pertractem. Scribam ad Sebastianum Gryphium, qui Lugduni pleraque mea excudit, ut ad te de verborum significatione Cardinali Turnonensi dicatum, itemque ad rescripta Principum libros quinque mittat. Rursus de quinque pedum præscriptione singularem, hinc & de magnatibus civilibusque & militaribus officiis alium, idque ut scribis processionis causa. Scio enim in pompam circumferes commendabisque. At quid tibi ego vice mutua pro præconio hoc numerabo? nempe rationem edendi antiquarii, quam non dubito e re tua futuram. Admireris si scires quam religiose me impressorum magistri plerique non sine muneribus adeant, & ut Parisienses omittam, Frobenii, Cratander, Bebellius a Basilea singulis nuundinis munusculum mittunt, ego cum illis vice mutua aliquid communico. Cratandro recognita auctaque paradoxa tradidi, quæ nunc ille sub prælo habet. Bebellio epigrammatum Græcorum farraginem, quam ad te mittendam curabo: Frobeniis aliud, puta parergorum libros tres. Sed quia suspecta mihi incipit esse propter hosce hæreticos Basilea, transferre me amorem ad Gryphium oportuit, sive quod Germanus vir summæ fidei est, sive quia inter excussores istos hic plurimum studiorum tenet, & quod mea refert oculatus est. Quod scribis ut aliquas ad te in Plinium annotationes mittam, non detrectabo, hac lege, qua Vincentio ipsi, hoc est si petieris, quo potissimum in loco dubites. Alioquin qui ego divinare possum, ubi hæreas? tametsi & hæ literæ satis longæ nugarunque plenæ sunt, nec annotationibus locum ullum relinquunt. Nec enim adhuc finis. Scribo hæc antelucano tempore, & quo plus mihi debeas, proprio chirographo, quod rarissime soleo facere; ut qui duos a manu habeam Marcum Antonium Capuum e nostratibus, & Bormæum Phrysium. Verum si quid emendatius dici potuit, noli quæso irridere, sed boni consu- le,
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108 THE MOST DISTINGUISHED AND LEARNED. I recommended him: since that time I have received nothing further. I therefore desire that something more certain on this matter be investigated by you, and that you inform me what you have found out. And about the other most learned men as well I beg you again and again to do this. I am writing you such a long letter, and I do not think I am abusing my leisure, in order by my example to invite you to do the same with me. I have recently published five books on the Rescripts of the Princes, that is, this year’s reading, and I dedicated them to the most reverend Cæsis, either so as to comply with the custom of Tudertum, with whom I am joined by the closest friendship, or so as to repay some gratitude for this labor of mine, which he undertook in this province of Bologna in vain. You will learn from the letter to the reader by what causes I was moved to hasten the publication. Be fully persuaded of this, my excellent Calvus: if ten Decii and twenty Curtii were to come here, it would be the case that they would all be surpassed by Alciato by many parasangs; so much do those Frenchmen love good letters and Latinity, that however great a teacher they may disdain him, unless he also excels in the study of eloquence. I fear that if I wished to follow the custom in Italy, it would be by the complaints of the ignorant that I should be allowed. But here all with one voice have preferred this method, which I had already been teaching for some months. That is why I teach here more willingly and take up these studies more earnestly from the heart. I shall write to Sebastian Gryphius, who prints most of my works at Lyons, to send you the book on the signification of words, dedicated to Cardinal Turnonensis, and also the five books on the Rescripts of the Princes. Again, a separate one on the five-foot prescription, and from here another on civil and military offices among the great, and that, as you write, for the sake of a procession. For I know well that you will carry it about in the pomp and recommend it. But what shall I in turn count to you for this herald’s office? Surely the account of publishing as an antiquary, which I do not doubt will be to your advantage. You would be amazed if you knew how religiously the masters of the press, for the most part, approach me, not without gifts; and, to leave aside the Parisians, Frobenius, Cratander, and Bebelius from Basel send a little gift at each fair, while I in turn share something with them. I handed over to Cratander the revised and enlarged Paradoxa, which he now has under the press. To Bebelius, a miscellany of Greek epigrams, which I shall take care to have sent to you; to the Frobenii, another work, namely three books of Parerga. But because Basel is beginning to seem suspicious to me on account of these heretics, I have been obliged to transfer my affection to Gryphius, either because the man is German and of the highest reliability, or because among those printers he holds the most learning, and because he is clear-sighted in what concerns me. As for your writing that I should send you some notes on Pliny, I shall not refuse, on this condition, just as to Vincentius himself, that is, if you ask, in what place above all you are in doubt. Otherwise how can I divine where you are stuck? although even these letters are quite long and full of trifles, and leave no room at all for annotations. Nor indeed is there yet an end. I am writing this before dawn, and so that you may owe me all the more, in my own hand, which I very rarely do; since I have two men at hand, Marcus Antonius Capuus from among our countrymen, and Bormæus Phrysius. But if anything could have been said more correctly, I beg you, do not mock it, but take it in good part,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 109 le, literasque in sinu habeto, nec cuiquam nasuto ostende. Commendabis me Domino Ioanni Angelo medico, quem mihi collegam, amicumque, non dubito quin & tu plurimum colas. Sane quod rogas, ut te admoneam, si quid novi hoc sub cælo edatur, breviter accipe. Ruellius Absyrti Veterinariam a se Latine translatam edidit. Joannes Andernacus quamplurima ex Galeno convertit: adeo ut Cratander quamprimum speret se omnia Galeni non ab eodem versa studiosis communicare. Est & in Trans-Rhenanis Symon Grynæus, qui Plutarchi vitas collatis Græcis exemplaribus emendavit, editque, & id prælis Bebellianis; quibus etiam omnia Aristotelis opera Græce excuduntur. Frobenii cum Chrysostomo colluctantur: & pleraque ab Erasino aliisque habent hactenus non invulgata. Collinæus Parisiis Characteres minutissimos excogitavit, sed Paganinis mundiores, quibus omnem bibliothecam modicis forulis includit. Livium, Sallustium, Cæsarem, Ciceronem, Virgilium, & hujusmodi omnes præstantiores excudit. Ediderunt ibidem alii Græco-Latinum Lexicon copiosissimum. Sed quod forte tua magis interest, habet Valterius Corbeta noster orationem Ciceronis in L. Pisonem integram, quibusdam foliis auctam, quam opinor est editurus, nec tibi denegaturus si petieris. Quamvis mihi ille retulerit factum te podagra transactique belli memoria adeo morosum, & querulum, ut cum istic esset, nullo se beneficio demerueris. Reversus autem ille nuper est in Italian, cum Gallicum id cælum ferre non posset, jamque ad necem fere ægrotasset. Alioqui parata illi erat optima a Rege conditio. Si enim nescis, mirum est quam studiosis omnibus liberalem se rex exhibeat. Agathius tuus Guidacerius Hebraica profitetur, stipendiique nomine ducenos aureos habet. Sunt & alii non pauci: adeo ut & pueri collegiorum quamplurimi trilingues usque ad extemporalitatem sint. Accepi & in aulam venisse Iulium quendam Camillum a foro Iulii doctum hominem, qui regi obtulerit brevissimo tempore, puta mense, facturum se ut rex tam eleganter Græce & Latine, prosa & verso sermone dicere possit, quam Demosthenes & Cicero & Virgilius aut Homerus, dum horam diurnam illi Rex solus præstare operam velit. Nolle enim ea arcana cuiquam inferiori a Rege patefieri: & nec id quidem gratis, sed reditum annuum duorum millium aurcorum insacerdotiis pro mercede petere. Persuasit constantia vultus ipsi Regi: bis interfuit docenti, emunxitque ille sexcentos aureos, & dimissus est. Vereor ne in fabulam res transeat. Attulit etiam munus Regi Laurentius Ursinus, Venerem æream, Lysippi alii arbitrantur, ego Clochini, aut id genus recentioris suspicor. In eam plerique carmina composuerunt, quorum aliqua ad te mitto, ut inde conjecturam facias florere & hic poësim, nedum jura civilia. Scriberem & aliquid ulterius, sed obsignare deinde commode non possem. Satisfeci opinor postulationi tuæ. Tu vale & me ama. Et si vis ut fidem tibi habeam, ne in monomachiam tibi descendere sit opus, verba ad me ex Historia Iovii (ut vocant) formalia mittito, cum jurejurando a te non composita, sed bona si- de O 3
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Letter of Famous Men. 109 Keep the letter in your bosom, and do not show it to anyone too nosy. Commend me to Lord Giovanni Angelo, the physician, whom I do not doubt that you hold in very great esteem as both my colleague and friend. Indeed, as for your request that I should inform you whether anything new has been produced under this sky, take the following briefly. Ruellius has published Absyrtus’s Veterinary Medicine, translated into Latin by himself. Joannes Andernacus has translated very many things from Galen, so that Cratander hopes very soon to communicate to scholars all of Galen not rendered by the same man. There is also, among those beyond the Rhine, Simon Grynaeus, who has corrected Plutarch’s Lives by comparison with Greek exemplars and is publishing them, and that in Bebelius’s presses; there too all of Aristotle’s works are being printed in Greek. Frobenius and Chrysostom are at work on each other; and they have received from Erasmus and others many things not yet made public. Collinæus in Paris has devised exceedingly tiny type, but cleaner than Paganini’s, by which he encloses an entire library in small shelves. He prints Livy, Sallust, Caesar, Cicero, Virgil, and all such distinguished authors. Others have published there a very ample Greek-Latin lexicon. But what perhaps concerns you more, our Valterius Corbetus has the complete oration of Cicero against L. Piso, enlarged by a few leaves, which I think he is about to publish, and he will not deny it to you if you ask. Although he told me that, because of your gout and the memory of the war that has ended, you had become so irritable and complaining that, while he was there, you did not win him over by any kindness. He recently returned to Italy, since he could not endure that French climate, and had already almost fallen fatally ill. Otherwise, the very best terms were ready for him from the King. For if you do not know it, it is remarkable how liberally the king behaves toward all men of learning. Your Agathius Guidacerius teaches Hebrew and receives two hundred gold pieces as salary. There are also quite a few others, so that many of the boys in the colleges are trilingual, even to extemporaneous speaking. I have also heard that a certain Julius Camillus from Forum Julii has come to court, a learned man who offered the king that in a very short time, say a month, he would make it possible for the king to speak both Greek and Latin, in prose and verse, as elegantly as Demosthenes and Cicero and Virgil or Homer, provided that the king himself would devote one hour a day to him. He did not want these mysteries to be revealed by the king to anyone of lower rank; and not even for nothing, but he asked as his reward an annual income of two thousand gold pieces in benefices. His composed countenance persuaded the king himself; he was present twice while teaching, and the king drew out of him six hundred gold pieces, and he was dismissed. I fear the matter may turn into a fable. Laurence Ursinus also brought the king a gift, a bronze Venus, which some think is by Lysippus; I suspect it is by Clochinius or something of that sort more recent. Many people composed poems upon it, some of which I send to you, so that from them you may judge that poetry flourishes even here, not to mention civil law. I would write something further, but then I could not conveniently seal the letter. I think I have satisfied your request. Farewell, and love me. And if you want me to trust you, so that there is no need for you to descend to single combat, send me formal words from Jovius’s History (as they call it), with an oath from you that they were not composed by you, but good-faith...
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110 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. de ab eo accepta esse: inducam tunc in animum ut credam. Biturigibus Ter- tio Nonas Septembres 1530. EPISTOLA XXIV. FRANCISCO CALVO. S.D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam. Hodie qui duodecimus est Kalendarum Februariarum allatæ sunt ad me literæ tux cum divinis illis Vidæ nostri carminibus. Forte autem contigit, ut intra alteram horam recessurus esset nuntius, qui Lugdunum recta contende- ret: quare nolui quicquam differre, quin statim ad te scriberem, plura alias daturus, cum majus mihi otium contigerit. Scribis te cum non paucis eru- ditis admirari, cur permiserim carmina nostra Teutonicis illis ineptiis immi- sceri. Dicam tibi, quid in re sit: quo tempore operam mihi Bonifacius A- morbacchius Avenione dabat, agitur opinor octavus annus, excerperat ex autographis meis illa omnia, quæ deinde ut Bebellii officinam adjuvaret, ei imprimenda communicavit, idque me inconsulto. Tuli id non satis æquo animo; quod pleraque in eis erant a me tum puero edita, quæ famæ nocere potuissent, nisi legali doctrina hosce omnes nævos discussissem. Cogor ita- que ferre æquius, postquam quod factum est fieri infectum non potest. Po- teris tu una opera & huic malo mederi, & studiosis plurimum utilitatis adfer- re, si hujus argumenti academicas translationes collegeris, invulgaverisque, adhibito tamen & in nostris quoque delectu, quorum plurima sunt ipsi mihi auctori displicantia. Quod scribis septingentos mihi a Pontifice oblatos, si Bononiæ profiteri velim, cuperem diffusius explicasses, qua lectione, quo tem- pore, quibus antisophistis: nam Cæsii Ioviique literas adhuc nullas accepi: existimasti tu forte ad me delatas, ideoque obiter solum admonuisti. Si tuis illæ adnexæ fuerunt, nescio cur interceptæ sint. Plenahic sunt omnia cory- cæs, subverentibus ne ad vos veniam. Non damno tamen quam invistira- tionem, ut ad Cardinalem Turnonium mittantur literæ: is enim curat dili- genter mihi restitui. Ego ab istis quod alias ad te scripsi, mille solares ho- norarii nomine percipio, & cum summa omnium gratia: & quod plurimi facio, absque ullo prorsus rivali. Sed plurimum pectori insidet Italia, & inter ejus urbes Bononia potissimum. Itaque cupio expressius omnia mihi nar- rari. Interim tamen in dies & horas hasce Cæsii itemque Iovii literas expe- ctabo. Gaudeo exceptas magno plausu lucubrationes meas, plurimumque hoc nomine tibi debeo. Sed non est mihi nunc primum cognita Calvi mei industria & egregia de me prædicatio. Ais duos illos Advocatos nescio quid obganniisse, quos tu confestim confeceris. At valde admirareris, quam æquos mihi hos homines hisce in regionibus experiar, quamque Latinæ Lingua ama- tores; quod ex præfatione mea in libros ad rescripta principum de prendas. Non
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110 MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. that they were received from him: then I shall be inclined to believe it. At Bourges, the third day before the Nones of September 1530. EPISTLE XXIV. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S.D. Andreas Alciatus. To Rome. Today, which is the twelfth day before the Kalends of February, your letter has been brought to me together with those divine verses of our Vida. And by chance it happened that within the hour the messenger was to depart, and was making straight for Lyons; wherefore I did not wish to delay anything, but wrote to you at once, intending to give you more on another occasion, when I have greater leisure. You write that you, together with a number of learned men, wonder why I allowed our poems to be mixed with those Teutonic trifles. I shall tell you how the matter stands: at the time when Bonifacius Amorbacchius was working with me at Avignon, I suppose now eight years ago, he had copied from my own manuscripts all those things which he later communicated for printing, in order to help Bebel’s workshop, and he did this without consulting me. I did not bear it with a very even mind; for most of those pieces had been published by me when I was still a boy, and they could have harmed my reputation, unless I had removed all these blemishes by legal learning. Thus I am forced to bear it more patiently now, since what has been done cannot be undone. You could, by the same effort, both remedy this evil and bring much benefit to students, if you would collect and publish the academic translations on this subject, though with a selection also among ours, many of which are, to tell the truth, displeasing even to me as their author. As for your writing that seven hundred have been offered to me by the Pope, if I wished to teach at Bologna, I should have liked you to have explained it more fully: with what lecture, at what time, and against which anti-sophists; for I have as yet received no letters either from Cæsius or from Jovius: perhaps you thought they had been delivered to me, and therefore mentioned it only in passing. If they were attached to your own letters, I know not why they were intercepted. Here everything is full of corycæs, who are in fear lest I come to you. I do not, however, disapprove of that inquiry, that letters be sent to Cardinal Turnon; for he carefully sees to it that mine are returned to me. From those men I receive, as I wrote to you elsewhere, one thousand scudi as my fee, and with the greatest goodwill of all, and what I value most, without any rival at all. But Italy lies very deep in my heart, and among its cities Bologna most of all. Therefore I desire that everything be reported to me more fully. Meanwhile, day by day and hour by hour, I shall continue to await those letters of Cæsius and likewise of Jovius. I rejoice that my writings have been received with great applause, and for this I owe you much. But I am not now for the first time aware of the industry of my Calvus and of his distinguished praise of me. You say that those two Advocates have been muttering something or other, which you will promptly dispose of. Yet you would be greatly amazed how favorably I find these men here in these regions disposed toward me, and how much they are lovers of the Latin language; which is evident from my preface to the books on the rescripts of princes. Not
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 111 Non est illa mihi credas Hæc Rhetorum, sed ex fide omnia eo modo gesta sunt, quo a me describuntur. Nescio si in Italia profiterer, an obtineri id posset, ut eo modo potius quam vulgari docerem; quotus enim quisque est, cui meliora placeant? Quæ ad me de Antonio Gabriele scripsisti pergrata fue- runt, repovaverunt enim suavissimam illius temporis memoriam, quo iisdem in ædibus cum eo conversabar. Sperabam quidem, itemque vaticinabar ut ea indoles summam ad frugem pervenisset. Quod cum ex literis tuis esse co- gnoverim, plurimum & mihi & illi gratulor. Dices itaque meo nomine illi salutem, dices & Vida, quem si nostri temporis Maronem dixero, nihil ejus auribus novum afferam. Non dubito quin quotidie a doctissimis quibusque etiam majoribus titulis salutetur. Curabo diligenter quod scribis, ut Rex ipse admoneatur, ut quantum debeat possit agnoscere. Erit mihi hac in re usui cum Cardinalis ipse Turnorius, qui præ cæteris studiis poëtices adamator est maximus, Iacobus Collinus nuper designatus Sti Ambrosii hac in Urbe Ab- bas, qui semper Regi ipsi apparet, elegantissimus, & ipse epigrammatum au- ctor. Non dubito quin aulam tu istam noscas, utque soleant Galli erga ab- sentes incuriosi esse. Sed tamen extundemus aliquid. Interim ob xenium illud suum, quod apud me thesauri est loco, gratias ages, easque, ut Catul- lus inquit, de meliore nota. Scribam ad te iterum diffusius cum potero: in- terim has habeto ad te exaratas, non tam calamo, quam, ut Columella ait, scopula. Vale. Biturigibus die SS. M. D. xxx. EPISTOLA XXV. FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, Cum proximo autumno in Italiam venissem, paucis, quibus in patria fui, diebus ad te literas dedi, quod non eo facio libentissime, ut meum er- ga te amorem significem (id enim inter conjunctissimos superfluum fere est) sed ut tuas alliciam, quas thesauri instar habeo. Nam cum ista in urbe ha- bitas, quæ totius Christiani orbis est parens, oportet te & quicquid ubique agitur nosse, & quotidie cum summis viris, qui istuc confluunt, versari, in- deque semper domi plenos utres rerum novarum bonarumque habere, ut me- rito te ambiam, si quicquam velim a te mihi promi. Quare noli quæso ni- mium condus esse, sed larga manu quicquid est effunde: amico enim, & quidem non immemori dederis, & qui referre gratiam si possit, velit. Erat istic cum Tudertino Sequanus quidam ex Tollio auditor olim meus: qui so- lebat integros quaterniones oblinere, quos ad me mitteret: nunc accepi in patriam revertisse, quæ res mihi sane incommoda accidit, nisi tu jacturam hanc resarcias. De Minutiano enim nihil est quod sperem, quem nescio quid agat: & forte ad plures transivit. Cum Mediolani essem, visitavitme frater
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LETTERS OF MEN. 111 Do not believe that this is rhetoric; everything has been done in good faith, exactly as I describe it. I do not know whether, if I were to teach in Italy, it might be possible for me to teach in that way rather than the common one; for how many are there who prefer better things? What you wrote to me about Antonio Gabriele was very welcome, for it revived the sweetest memory of that time when I lived with him in the same house. I had indeed hoped, and even foretold, that such a character would attain the highest usefulness. Since from your letters I have learned that this has happened, I greatly congratulate both myself and him. You will therefore greet him in my name; greet Vida as well, whom, if I call the Maro of our time, I shall bring nothing new to his ears. I do not doubt that he is greeted every day by the most learned men, even with greater titles. I shall carefully see to what you write, so that the King himself may be reminded, so that he may recognize how much he owes. In this matter the Cardinal himself, Turnorius, will be of use to me, who among all studies is the greatest lover of poetry; and Iacobus Collinus, recently appointed Abbot of St. Ambrose in this city, who is always in the King’s own presence, a man of the most elegant taste, and himself an author of epigrams. I do not doubt that you know that court of yours, and how the French are wont to be careless about those who are absent. But still we shall wring something out of them. Meanwhile, for that gift of his, which with me is in the place of treasure, you will give thanks, and that, as Catullus says, in the better style. I shall write to you again at greater length when I can; meanwhile take these lines, written to you not so much with a pen as, as Columella says, with a scraper. Farewell. At Bourges, on the day of SS. M. D. xxx. LETTER XXV. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Rome, When I came to Italy the autumn before last, after a few days spent in my native land I sent you a letter, which I do not do very gladly—not in order to show my love for you (for that is almost superfluous among those most closely united), but in order to entice your letters, which I keep as though they were treasure. For since you live in that city, which is the mother of the whole Christian world, it is fitting that you know whatever is happening everywhere, and that you daily associate with the greatest men who flock there, and thus always have at home full casks of both news and good tidings, so that I have good reason to court you if ever I want anything promised me by you. Therefore, I beg you, do not be too much of a hoarder, but pour out with a generous hand whatever there is: for you will have given it to a friend, one who is not unmindful, and who, if he can, will gladly return the favor. There was there, with the Tudertine, a certain Sequanus, once a pupil of mine under Tollius: he used to fill whole quires, which he would send to me; now I have received word that he has returned to his homeland, which has certainly turned out inconvenient for me, unless you make good this loss. For from Minutianus I have nothing to hope, for I do not know what he is doing; and perhaps he has passed to the many. When I was in Milan, my brother visited me
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112 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. frater tuus, lætatusque sum non tam officio, quamvis & illo quoque, quam ipsius causa: erat enim bene curatus & peculiatus, ut sperem veterem æruginem, dimissurum & tandem recordaturum se tuum fratrem, id est non nisi digna Calvo facturum. Nosti quantum Tudertino ipsi Cæsio debeam, qui tam amice, tam officiose, quod in se fuit, conditionem mihi Bonnix pro- curavit: eam spem ego prorius abjeci: cum enim certissimum hic mihi con- stitutum esset honorarium, arbitratuque meo ab ipso Rege auctum, nec istine quicquam, exceptis unius epistolæ tuæ tribus verbulis, & auditoris illius Tollensis inanibus ampullis, intellexissem, non existimavi certa pro incertis dimittenda esse. Et quia nesciebam, qualis esset hac in re Tudertini ipsius voluntas, ad eum scripsi simpliciterque me excusavi. In præsentia ve- ro dubito, quam in partem literas meas acceperit. Si nihil nomine meo promisit, non habet justam querelæ causam: si promisit, non sinam frustra cum promisisse, observaboque ex præscripto ejus omnia: dum tamen scri- bat quid velit: prosequor enim hominem cum amore, tum reverentia maxi- ma. Cuperem itaque eum alloquereris, ac tanquam aliud agens animum ejus explorares, qualis erga me sit, certioremque me faceres. Ut vera tibi dicam, ipse libens quidem in Italia profiterer: sed nollem gravem jacturam facere. Hic mihi honorarium est certissimum; solares mille: quod dimittere nollem temere. Non ab ipso Tudertino, non a Sedecimviris, non a Gubernatore ullam habui schedulam: & deinde indignabitur quisquam, si huc reversus sum! Mediolanum autem tantum cum ibi essem diiplicuit, ut quælibet hora annus mihi esset, dum inde me proriperem. Remansi per mensem affectui ma- terno indulgens, alioqui nec biduum ferre potuissem. Hic nihil novi habeo quod scribam, nec in Parisiis quod sciam, quicquam editum est, quod te scire expediat. Profiteor hic solita celebritate & decumanos libros conficio: sed in Iure: ejus tamen conditionis, cujus specimen dedi; auditoribus enim meis cætera omnia sordescunt. Obsecro commendes me Episcopo Jovio, itemque Julio Scarlatino Regiensi. Cupio autem a te certior fieri, ecquid compertum de illius studiis habeas. Cum veterem quandam ejus epistolam nuper revolutis scriniis in manus accepissem, legi cum aliquid in tractatum veterum de verborum significatione composuisse: & forte rivalem me laturus non est. Vestiga igitur & quidem sagaciter, meque admone. Vale Bi- turigibus Nonis Iannuariis M.D. XXXII. EPISTOLA XXVI. FRANCISCO CALVO. S.D. Andreas Alciatus. Romam, Abeo tempore, quo ad me literas ante octavum Kalendarum Ianuarii de- Adisti, nullas postea tuas recepi: unde suspicatus sum vel te aliis occupa- tum
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112. Most distinguished and learned. Your brother, and I was glad not so much for the favor, though for that too, as for his own sake: for he was being well cared for and well supplied, so that I hope he will shed his old rust and at last remember that he is your brother, that is, do nothing but what is worthy of Calvus. You know how much I owe to Caesio himself of Tuder, who so kindly, so obligingly, so far as it lay in him, procured for me the position at Bonnix: I have altogether rejected that hope; for since here I had a very certain stipend fixed for me, and increased at my own discretion by the King himself, and since from there I had learned nothing, except for the three little words in your letter and the empty bombast of that Tollense auditor, I did not think that sure things should be abandoned for uncertain ones. And because I did not know what Tuder's own wish was in this matter, I wrote to him and excused myself simply. At present, however, I doubt in what sense he has received my letters. If he promised nothing in my name, he has no just cause for complaint; if he did promise, I shall not allow him to have promised in vain, and I shall observe everything according to his instructions: provided only that he write what he wants; for I pursue the man with both affection and the greatest reverence. I should therefore wish you to speak with him and, as if on some other business, to sound out his mind as to what feeling he has toward me, and to let me know. To tell you the truth, I myself would gladly profess here in Italy; but I would not wish to suffer a serious loss. Here my stipend is quite certain: a thousand scudi; and I would not wish to give that up lightly. I have received no note from Tuder himself, nor from the Sixteen, nor from the Governor; and then will anyone be indignant if I have come back here? As for Milan, while I was there it displeased me so much that every hour seemed like a year until I could tear myself away. I remained for a month, yielding to my mother’s affection; otherwise I could not have endured even two days. Here I have nothing new to write, nor, so far as I know, has anything been published in Paris that it would be useful for you to know. I am here teaching with my usual celebrity and producing my great books: but in law; yet of such a kind as I showed you, for all other things are beneath my students’ notice. I beg you commend me to Bishop Jovius, and likewise to Julio Scarlatino of Reggio. I also wish to be informed by you whether you have learned anything about his studies. When I lately came upon an old letter of his while rummaging through the chests, I read that he had composed something on the treatise of the ancients On the Meaning of Words; and perhaps he is not going to put me in the position of a rival. So investigate carefully, and warn me. Farewell. At Bourges, the Nones of January, 1532. Letter XXVI. To Francisco Calvo. Greetings. Andreas Alciatus. At Rome, At the time when you addressed me by letter before the eighth day before the Kalends of January, I received none of your letters afterward: whence I suspected either that you were occupied with other matters...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 113 tum gravioribus negotiis fuisse, vel Neapolim, quod præmonueras, ivisse. Ego certe vix tuis perfectis respondi, ut minime verear, ne mea abs te diligen- tia desideretur. Scripsi ad Turnonium Cardinalem pleraque ad Vida nostri laudem pertinentia, ut hominem excitarem. Nescio quid profecerim. Ab eo certe nullam responsionem accepi. Ea est istius aulæ conditio, ut non nisi a præsentibus emungi quicquam possit. Conditionem Bononiensem quia non protinus accepi, Cæsius alio se transtulit, &, ut auguror, non absque sto- macho: quasi julte ea in re mihi deliberandum non esset, qui hic mille & centum rejicerem; ut alibi septingentos haberem. Ut mittam innumeras com- moditates, horæ, lectionis, Latinitatis, Antisophistæ: quæ omnia in Bono- niensibus contra erant: & tamen authoritas Cæsu, tua, ipsius Italæ vicerat, ut acciperem, admoneremque istos ut alium perquirerent. Parum certe ab- fuit quin canem illum Æsopicum imitarer, & propter imaginariam, etiam veram carnem amitterem. Sed diis gratia, talis hic sum opinionis, ut & hoc ab his transmitti possit. Quid mihi apud vos sperandum, ubi etiam ab inti- mis deseror? Mirum est quod Gryphius hactenus distulerit ad te lucubrationes nostras mittere, & tamen rescripsit mihi se misisse. Proximis Vulcanali- bus ego in Italiam reversurus sum Matris visitandæ causa, componendarum- que rerum inearum: inde ad te mittam, si celerius fieri non poterit. Sa- lomonii nostri, quem plurimum & amo & veneror, meminero cum honore non vulgari, primis, quas editurus sum, lucubrationibus. Cuperem verbis meis salutem a te Domino Protonotario Medico dici, quem ego semper plu- rimi feci ob egregiam probitatem & doctrinam. Sed & Antonio Gabrieli ve- teri meo in studiis Collegæ fac me commendes. Iam tum, cum una Bononiæ essemus, divinabam fore eum summæ authoritatis, quod summa facundia, ingeniique acumen, & naturalis quædam in eo prudentia mihi spondebant. Non satisfcio si Cl. Ptolemæus istic agat, an Senis. Si contigerit, ut eum videas, noli quæso committere, quin accuratissimis verbis nomine meo salutes. Vale, & tu saltem ab Alciato tuo, qui adamantinis tibi vinculis adnexus est, ne desciscas. Biturigibus duodecimo Kalendas Majas. Cuperem & a te certiorem me fieri, quid Vincentius Minutianus agat: præteriere septem menses, cum ab eo nullam habeam: vide hominis diligen- tiam. EPISTOLA XXVII. ANTONIO COMITI MAJORAGIO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Mediolanum, Non rescripsi protinus literistuis, quod cum ad me allatæ sunt, eram oc- cupatissimus, atque adeo in ipso æstu fervoreque studiorum; nunc autem Saturnalitiis istis diebus visum est non committere, ut diligentiam meam de- P siderares,
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LETTERS OF MEN. 113 either because I was occupied with more serious business, or because you had gone to Naples, as you had warned me in advance. I certainly replied only after I had scarcely finished yours, so that I fear least of all that any lack of diligence on my part should be missed by you. I wrote to Cardinal Turnonius several things pertaining to the praise of our Vida, in order to stir up the man. I do not know what I accomplished. Certainly I received no reply from him. Such is the condition of that court, that nothing can be wrung from it except by those present. Because I did not accept the Bolognese condition at once, Cæsio transferred himself elsewhere and, as I judge, not without annoyance: as if I truly needed to deliberate about that matter, when here I should refuse eleven hundred, in order to have seven hundred elsewhere. To say nothing of the countless conveniences—the time, reading, Latinity, the anti-sophist—that all of which were against me in the Bolognese arrangement; and yet the authority of Cæsio, yours, and Italy itself prevailed upon me to accept, and to warn those men to look for another. I was indeed very nearly like that Aesopic dog, and for an imaginary one I would even have lost the real flesh as well. But thanks be to the gods, I am of such a mind here that even this too can be borne with by them. What am I to hope for among you, where I am deserted even by my intimates? It is strange that Gryphius has so far delayed sending our labors to you, and yet he wrote back to me that he had sent them. At the next Vulcanalia I shall be returning to Italy for the sake of visiting my mother and settling my affairs; from there I shall send them to you, if it cannot be done sooner. I shall remember our Salomon, whom I love and revere greatly, with no ordinary honor in the first writings I shall publish. I should wish my greetings to be conveyed to Lord Protonotary Medico from you in my words, whom I have always held in the highest esteem on account of his outstanding probity and learning. And do commend me also to Antonio Gabrieli, my former colleague in studies. Even then, when we were together at Bologna, I divined that he would become a man of the highest authority, for his greatest eloquence, acuteness of mind, and a certain natural prudence in him promised it to me. I am not satisfied as to whether the distinguished Ptolemæus is there, or at Siena. If it should happen that you see him, I beg you not to omit greeting him most carefully in my name. Farewell, and do not at least break with your Alciatus, who is bound to you with adamantine bonds. At Bourges, on the twelfth day before the Kalends of May. I should also wish to be informed by you what Vincentius Minutianus is doing: seven months have passed since I have had no letter from him; see the man’s diligence. EPISTLE XXVII. TO ANTONIO, COUNT MAJORAGIO. S. D. Andreas Alciatus. Milan, I did not reply at once to your letter, because when it was brought to me I was very busy, indeed in the very heat and fervor of study; but now, during these Saturnalian days, it seemed best not to let my diligence be missed by you,
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. siderares, vel tarditatem accusares; acceptis igitur iterum in manus facile deprendi haud quaquam posse me paria tecum facere. Quid quæso tibi in mentem venit, tot me laudibus ornare, ne dicam onerare? qui nec centesima quidem partesim dignus. An mutuo te eas mihi dare existimabas, quas deinde cum foenore de te prædicarem. Atqui scio id de occupationibus meis non speras, nec modestia tua ferret & si maxime velim. Quid ergo? voluisti illos, qui in epistolis Politiani sunt doctos viros imitari, quorum literis non nisi laudes, & meri honores ultro citroque continentur; sed hoc ut declamatoribus concedendum est, qui in themate ficto libenter versantur, ita inter amicos non ferendum, quos decet simplicius & crassiore Minerva agere, ut quicquid in buccam veniat, in amici sinum effundant. Ego certe, quidquid hoc est, in bonam partem accipio, & insignis animi tui candori tribuo, sed hac lege, ut in futurum, cum scripseris, tot laudibus me ad coelum ferre desinas, nec aliter me compelles, quam aut germanum aliquem tuum, aut omnium horarum socium: hoc enim modo facilius persuadebisa te me amari, quamquam id jam mihi persuasum sit tam egregia prædicatione: πολλοις, ἐ μελι ἰρώντο τι μὴ καλι, καλα περοντη. Agis gratias, quod istinc discedens tam libenter operam tibi meam spononderim, si qua possum studiis atque rationibus tuis consulere, atqui re ipsa & libentius sum facturus, quam verbo dixerim. Si quid hic ego haberem, quod te scire operæ pretium existimarem, redderem te omnium certiorem. Sed nihil hic circumfertur præter nova Galeritorum nomina, quos dibapho censuit Pontifex honorandos; nobis, qui alterius hemisphærii sumus, haud multum hujusmodi sunt curæ. Studia hic maxime florent, ingensque auditorum numerus huc confluxit, alii alia de causa. Puto, & aliquos ad nomen meum. Cæterum & tume commonefacis, quid hic agant studiosi, qui sint egregiæ spei atque indolis juvenes. Dicæus ille in auspiciis, quomodo se gesserit, expectationine responderit, quid eruditi in eo desiderent, quid rursus admirentur? quos auctores profiteatur? quid Otho Lupanus agat, an pari in estimatione sit. Scribes ad me omnia certiora: est enim uterque mihi amicus, alter enim in pueritia commilito. Hilarioni Corbetæ monacho dices nomine meo salutem, non enim dubito, quin cum plerunque visites tam amoeno viridario, vel latifundio potius. Vale. Bononix. IX. Kal. Ianuar. nono anno. M. D. XL. EPISTOLA XXVIII. ROMULO AMASÆO. S. D. L. Bonamicus. Cum erure me Patavium recepissem, Doctissime Romule, M Scarabellus alteras mihi abs te literas reddidit, quibus me hortaris ut satisfacere his, qui mea causa Mutina huc venissent, magnopere velim: id ego, mi Romule, curare ita sane vellem, ut nec istis mea opera & consilium, neque tibi scribendi posthac ad me occasio deesse omnino videatur: nam cum nunquam in scribendo crebrior esse soleas, quam cum de amicorum voluntate mecum agis, quid
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Most learned and most distinguished Sir, you might think of it, or accuse me of slowness; so, taking them again into my hands, I easily found that I could by no means match you in kind. What, I ask, came into your mind, to heap so many praises on me, not to say burden me with them? I am not even worthy of a hundredth part. Or did you think that you were lending me those praises, which I should afterwards proclaim of you with interest? Yet I know you do not expect that from my occupations, nor would your modesty allow it, even if I most wished it. What then? You wanted to imitate those learned men who are found in Politian’s letters, in whose writings nothing is contained but praises and mere honors freely exchanged back and forth; but while this may be granted to declaimers, who gladly deal with a fictitious theme, among friends it is not to be tolerated, for it befits them to act more simply and with a rougher Minerva, so that whatever comes into the mouth they pour into a friend’s bosom. For my part, whatever this may be, I take it in good part and attribute it to the conspicuous candor of your spirit; but on this condition, that in future, when you write, you cease to carry me up to heaven with so many praises, and address me no otherwise than either some true brother of yours or a companion of every hour. For in this way you will more easily persuade me that I am loved by you, though indeed that has already been persuaded upon me by so distinguished a proclamation: πολλοις, ἐ μελι ἰρώντο τι μὴ καλι, καλα περοντη. You give thanks that, on leaving from there, I so willingly promised you my help, if I can in any way look to your studies and affairs; yet in fact I shall do so more gladly than I can say in words. If I had anything here which I thought it worth your while to know, I would make you aware of everything. But nothing is circulated here except the new names of the Galeriti, whom the Pontiff has judged worthy of the dibaphum; for us, who are of another hemisphere, such matters are of little concern. Studies are flourishing here especially, and a huge number of hearers has flocked hither, some for one reason, others for another. I think some too for my name. Besides, you also remind me what the students are doing here, those young men of excellent promise and character. How has Dicaeus comported himself in his auspices? Has he met expectations? What do the learned find lacking in him, and what on the other hand do they admire? Which authors does he profess? What is Otho Lupanus doing, is he held in equal estimation? Write me all more certainly: for both are friends to me, the one being a companion of my boyhood. Give my greetings in my name to the monk Hilarion Corbetus; for I do not doubt that you visit him frequently in that pleasant garden, or rather estate. Farewell. Bologna, the ninth day before the Kalends of January, in the ninth year. 1540. EPISTLE XXVIII. TO ROMULUS AMASEUS. Greetings. L. Bonamicus. When I had returned to Padua, most learned Romulus, M. Scarabellus delivered to me another letter from you, in which you urge me to take great care to satisfy those who had come here from Modena on my account. I, my Romulus, would indeed wish to see to this in such a way that neither my help and counsel should be lacking to them, nor should the opportunity for you hereafter to write to me ever seem to be lacking to you; for since you are never accustomed to be more frequent in writing than when you are dealing with me about the will of friends, what...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 115 quid obscero prohibet, quo minus eadem de re sæpius moneri a te percupiam? cum literis tuis amoenissimis gratius habere nihil possim, in his enim operæ nostræ, si quam tibi impendimus, summum pretium positum esse existimes velim. De Basilio autem quod tam officiosè & humaniter scribis, a no- strorum hominum, qui in Mathematicorum disciplinis excellere putantur, ju- diciis vehementer abhorres. Sunt enim multi, qui hæc a sanæ mentis homi- ne, & digno quo cum disseras, edita esse negent, plures qui huic fabulæ ne- que authorem esse unum aliquem, neque actorem putent, sed complures no- vam hanc & perridiculam Astronomiæ tractationem, in nescio quem terræ fi- lium contulisse, in cujus nominis obscuritate delitescerent, solere enim otium Neapolitanum illiusmodi studiis negocium sæpe quærere. Quæ quidem su- spicio, quia dictionis totius inæqualem cursum in ea disputatione & impedi- tum deprehenderam, eo facilius animo meo insedisset, nisi Lucanus, qui tum forte aderat, hunc nobis scrupulum exermisset. Is enim narrabat superiori an- no Neapoli Augusto Nipho se operam dedisse, audisse tum de quodam Basi- lio extremæ temeritatis homine, qui contra Academiæ illius judicium, & con- tra omnium antiquorum authoritatem de coelestium orbium ratione disputaret: cumque de eo investigarem diligentius, respondit, neque doctrinam ejus, ne- que mores ulli bono probari, illam certe prima specie admirationem nonnul- lis, re explicata risum movisse, mores autem impietate summa & sceleribus esse inquinatos. Nam cum religionis causa, inquit ille, in solitudinem ur- banam Neapoli se contulisset, & devotione publica secundum leges reliquam se vitam & caste integre acturum declarasset, non modo debitum Superis turpiter mox abjuravit, sed etiam incredibili proprie vitiorum libidine, adepta per scelus nefaria libertate exarsit: itaque in cum locum res suas brevi deduxit, ut aperte jam omnibus, neque religionis communem cultum, neque vitæ tueri se velle signi- ficaret. Nam iis, qui egestatem suam, postquam honestissimum vivendi ge- nus inhoneste sane deseruisset, liberaliter sublevaverant, non solum grati ani- mi signum ullum dedit, sed & fortunas quorundam pro virili afflixit, & om- nium eorum, quibuscum habitasset, disciplinam domesticam libidinum suarum licentia contaminavit. ἐπικρισθ, ὑδ ὑς, τω ιδιαν μεργικιον συνοικημωντι αυτῶ, φανὶ ἐι αἰρεῖως ἀγειλισθειν. De doctrina porro ejus nihil referri se aliud posse, dicebat Lucanus, nisi quod de se ipse invidiosa atrocitate prædicet. Quid quæris? Hunc ait omnes disciplinas bene constitutas velle perturbare, clamare Aristotelem nihil vidisse, Ptolæmeum multa esse mentitum, recentiores omnes antiquo errore inflatos esse, deque rebus sibi incognitis judicare, neminem, præter se, pulverem perite tractare & radium, suum esse de coelo arbitrium, cu- jus ratio omnis interitura post se nulli sit cognita: adversarios vero suos per jocum hanc esse causam dicere solere, cur æternitatem ac coelo sejungat, quod cum nullam vitæ partem superesse corpori constantissime credat, proximum esse debere putet, nullam post hujus lucis amissionem animis sedem relinquere. Hæc ille aliaque multa doctrinæ istius portenta & morum narrabat, quæ om- nia
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LETTERS OF MEN. 115 what can possibly prevent me from desiring to be warned by you on the same subject more often? Since I could wish for nothing more pleasing than your most delightful letters, for in them I would have you think that the highest reward is laid up for whatever service I may render you. As for Basilio, however, in writing so obligingly and kindly about him, you are greatly at variance with the judgments of our people, who are thought to excel in mathematical studies. For there are many who deny that these writings were composed by a man of sound mind and one worthy to be argued with; and more who think that not one author nor one agent is to be assigned to this fable, but that several have attributed this new and ridiculous treatment of astronomy to some son of the earth, hiding themselves in the obscurity of his name—for Neapolitan leisure is accustomed to seek employment of that sort in such studies. This suspicion, indeed, because I had detected in that dissertation the uneven course of the whole style and its halting progress, would have settled more easily in my mind, had not Lucanus, who happened then to be present, removed this thorn from us. For he related that the previous year in Naples he had attended Augusto Nipho, and had then heard of a certain Basilio, a man of extreme rashness, who, against the judgment of that Academy and against the authority of all the ancients, discussed the structure of the celestial spheres; and when I investigated more carefully about him, he replied that neither his learning nor his character could be approved by any good man; that his doctrine indeed at first sight had excited wonder in some, but when the matter was explained had provoked laughter; his morals, however, were tainted with the greatest impiety and crimes. For when, he said, on account of religion he had retired to a secluded dwelling at Naples, and had declared by public vow that he would spend the rest of his life chastely and honorably according to the laws, he not only shamefully renounced his duty to Heaven, but also, with incredible lust for his own vices, burst forth into wicked freedom obtained by crime; and so he soon brought his affairs to such a pass that he openly showed to all men that he wished to preserve neither the common practice of religion nor the discipline of life. For to those who had generously relieved his poverty after he had dishonorably abandoned the most honorable way of living, he not only gave no sign of gratitude, but also, to the best of his ability, oppressed the fortunes of some, and infected the domestic discipline of all with the license of his lusts. De doctrine porro ejus nihil referri se aliud posse, dicebat Lucanus, nisi quod de se ipse invidiosa atrocitate prædicet. What more do you ask? He says that this man wishes to throw into confusion all well-established disciplines, cries that Aristotle has seen nothing, that Ptolemy has lied about many things, that all the more recent writers are puffed up with ancient error and judge about things unknown to them, that no one except himself skillfully handles the dust and the ray, that his own is the judgment of the heavens, whose whole rationale, after him, is to perish unknown to all. His opponents, however, he said, are wont to make this jesting remark as the reason why he separates eternity from the heavens: that since he most firmly believes that no part of life survives for the body, he thinks it must follow that no dwelling place should be left for souls after the loss of this light. He was recounting these and many other monstrosities of this doctrine and of his character, all of which
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116 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. via quominus ad te perscribam, pudore impedior: sunt enim quædam non solum turpia, sed & nefanda, si autoi adhibendam esse fidem censueris: quæ si ficta non sunt, tibi existimare facilius est, quam mihi scribere, quam temere & injuriose sit de optimis viris, amicis nostris, suspicatus, inimicorum videlicet consiliis, quoshabet, ut arbitror, innumeros, literas suas unà cum egregiis scriptis M. Curtio ab istis redditas non esse. Maliciosus, Mehercule, homo, qui quod perpetuo silentio damnatum sit, lectum non esse contendat, quasi vero quicquid a se olim intra cucullatum pallium cogitatum sit, & mox, abjecto contra leges insigni ejus ordinis habitu, in lucem extrusum, non possit non probari universis: quod autem tantæ opinionum perversitati responsum a. nullo sit, veritos existimo sapientissimos viros, ut ambitioso homini furoris instrumentum suppeditarent, suæque ipsi dignitati parum consulerent. De his te certiorem reddere volueri, Romule, ne nolis judicium tuum conjungere cum his, qui melius hunc Bacilioum norunt. Cujus non modo animus & lingua teterrimis erroribus, sed etiam frons, oculi, mentum, denique totum corpus, ut audio puris vitio diffluat foedissime, quod nonnulli quidem interpretantur Deos infensos, quorum sacris iste legibus nefario furore instinctus bellum indixerat, dignum ejusmodi vita atque factis supplicium ei constituisse; sed hæc isti. Tu velim Xenophontem meum quamprimum ad me remittas. Aristide autem & Polemone quandiu voles, uti ut tuis. Cura ut omnia sciam, quæ apud vos aguntur, sed maxime de Rodolpho suavissimo adolescente. Vale. Patavii VI. Non. Martias Anno M. D. XXXIII. EPISTOLA XXIX. DOMINICO MOLINO. S. D. Balthassar Bonifacius. Cum multa ingeniose ac subtiliter, cum illud imprimis dixisse videtur Latinæ tragediæ princeps, ita esse natura comparatum, ut curæ leviores loquantur, ingentes obstrupeant. Nobis enim, qui jam ferendo non sumus immani calamitatum pondere oppressis, vastoque malorum pelago obrutis, tantus sive stupor, sive torpor obreplit, ut non modo loqui diserte, sed ne respirare quidem libere possimus. Cum igitur seras, atque intempestivas de confertis charissimorum nostrorum funeribus a me querimonias accipies, abs te Domine, mecum aliquam clementius actum iri non dubito, quam a Tiberio cum Iliensibus: quibus de excessu Augusti serio apud se dolentibus, facete respondit, se quoque ægre ferre, quod Priamus, egregius eorum civis, obiisset. Et quidem certe nihil opportunum temporis importunitas nobis reliquit, nam quicquid erat jucundum fortunæ improbitas abstulit, cum Felicem Osium, Petrum Ayroldum Marcellinum, Gismundum Boldonium, Octavium Rubeum, Bernardum Buischium, Alexandrum Becellum, Annibalem Campegium, Cæsarem Cremoninum, Henricum Davilam, Laurentium Pignorium, Martinum San-
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116 MOST FAMOUS AND LEARNED. I am hindered by shame from writing to you more fully on the matter: for there are certain things not only base, but even unmentionable, if you think faith is to be given to them from that source. If they are not fabricated, it is easier for you to judge than for me to write how rashly and unjustly he has suspected our best friends, who are his friends too, from the designs of his enemies, of whom, as I believe, he has countless numbers, that their letters, together with the excellent writings, were not returned by those men to M. Curtius. A malicious man, by Hercules, is one who insists that what has been condemned by perpetual silence was not read, as though whatever he once conceived within his hooded cloak, and soon, after casting off against the laws the distinguished habit of that order, thrust into the light, could not but be approved by all. But that no one has replied to such a perversion of opinion, I think the wisest men feared that they would furnish an ambitious man with an instrument of madness and would pay too little regard to their own dignity. If you wish to inform yourself of these matters, Romulus, do not be unwilling to join your judgment with those who know this Bacilioum better. His mind and tongue, I hear, are most foully infected not only with the worst errors, but even his forehead, eyes, chin, and in short his whole body, swell up horribly with the disease of pus; some indeed interpret this as the gods, offended, whose rites that man, driven by unholy frenzy, had declared war upon under laws, having assigned him a punishment worthy of such a life and such deeds; but let that be for them. I should like you to send me back my Xenophon as soon as possible. As for Aristides and Polemon, keep them as long as you wish, just as your own. Take care that I know everything that is being done among you, but especially about Rodolphus, that most delightful young man. Farewell. Padua, the 6th day before the Nones of March, in the year 1533. EPISTLE XXIX. TO DOMINICO MOLINO. GREETING. Balthassar Bonifacius. With many ingenious and subtle remarks, and especially with that saying of the prince of Latin tragedy, he seemed to say that nature is so arranged that lighter cares speak, great ones stun. For we, who can no longer endure, oppressed by the enormous weight of calamities and overwhelmed by a vast sea of misfortunes, are overtaken by such stupor, or such numbness, that we can not only no longer speak clearly, but can scarcely even breathe freely. Since, then, you will receive from me late and untimely complaints about the clustered funerals of our dearest ones, I do not doubt, sir, that with you I shall be dealt with somewhat more kindly than Tiberius dealt with the people of Ilium: to them, as they were seriously lamenting among themselves the death of Augustus, he replied with a jest that he too regretted it, because Priamus, a distinguished citizen of theirs, had died. And indeed the cruelty of the time has certainly left us nothing suitable, for whatever was pleasant the wickedness of fortune has taken away, when she carried off Felix Osius, Petrus Ayroldus Marcellinus, Gismundus Boldonius, Octavius Rubeus, Bernardus Buischius, Alexander Becellus, Annibal Campegio, Caesar Cremoninus, Henricus Davila, Laurentius Pignorius, Martinus San-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 117 Sandellium, Joannem Thuilium, aliaque longe plura orbis nostri lumina extinxit. Quippe in tantis ærumnis nihil patimur gravius, nihil audimus indignius, nihil spectamus lugubrius, nihil denique sentimus acerbius illustrium, sapientiumque virorum amissione. Neque ullam orbitas nostra consolationem capit, quod duæ jam e tribus Furiis in suas sese inferorum latebras abdidisse videantur, nisi sedata fame, profligatoque bello, pestis etiam in salubritatem evadat. Quod exacto luctuose hoc triennio saltem futurum, vix aut ne vix quidem, speramus. Quid enim prodest pacem viros Principes inter se componere, si nos homunculi, gigantum illorum æmuli, bellum cum Diis immortalibus adhuc gerimus? Desperata profecte est eorum sanitas, qui Deum neque ut patrem verentur, neque ut judicem metuunt, & clementiam juxta, ac severitatem, seu ludibrio, seu protervia, despectantes, castigatione divina tam perverse abutuntur, ut vel poenas, pro malorum irritamentis atque illecebris habeant, eoque ipso peccare accelerent, quod angustum sibi peccandi spatium videant esse relictum. Vincat impietatem nostram summa illa, & invicta pietas, teque purum Numinis cultorem suis aris, templisque incolumen præstet. Vale. Rhodigio. Quinto Idus Sextil. 1631. EPISTOLA XXX. DESIDERIO ERASMO. S. D. Ludovicus Calius. Bastileam, Franciscus Calvus tui meique studiosus, cum proxime istinc e Germania tua profectus nos inviseret, qui est literatis fere omnibus mos, sum accurate scitatus ex eo, quid novi post longam peregrinationem afferret, quo studia fierent adminiculatiora. Haud sane multa inquit, verum mox paulo aderunt plura. Quid, inquam, Erasmus agit noster, ecquid parturit adhuc? quando est velut præfæcundus ager, ac Byzantius plane, centesima nobilis fruge. Succrescit semper, quod mox demetas. Surrisit is, ac quid si, inquit, noris, quid de te opinetur non amice? quæso unum hoc, aut quo tandem nomine est a me alienior? Te, ait, in antiquarum lectionum commentariis ab ejus sententia diversum abiisse, atque id tanquam docere cuperes. Sum miratus, sicque ut nihil magis, quin præter opinionem non magnopere gravius aliud poterat se mihi ingerere. Nam simplicitatis meæ conscius, & candoris minime fucati, nulla me in scribendo usum figura, sciebam recte, qua quis olfactans vel cane solertius, odorari posset, ex me profectum, quo existimationem suam plane convulsam conjectaret. Quod est vel in simplariis, ac frugis non multæ servatum temperamentum, nedum in te, qui es mihi, absit captatæ gratiæ suspicio, inter primæ notæ viros. Quod si in diversam ire sententiam videor, numquid intentandam protinus litem putas, velut rubiginis aliquid affricuerim, aut colaphum impingere sim nisus? indigna est homine docto P 3 istius-
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Letters of Famous Men. 117 Sandellius, Johannes Thuilius, and many other lights of our world have been extinguished. For in such great miseries we suffer nothing more grievous, hear nothing more unworthy, behold nothing more mournful, and feel nothing more bitter than the loss of illustrious and wise men. Nor does our bereavement receive any consolation from the fact that two out of the three Furies now seem to have hidden themselves in their infernal lairs, unless, with famine pacified and war brought to ruin, pestilence too should turn to health. Yet after this sorrowful three-year period, we scarcely, or hardly at all, hope that this will happen. For what good is it for princes to settle peace among themselves, if we little men, rivals of those giants, are still waging war against the immortal gods? Truly hopeless is the condition of those who neither revere God as father nor fear Him as judge, and who, despising both mercy and severity alike, either in mockery or in arrogance, so perversely abuse divine chastisement that they even take punishments as incentives and enticements to evil, and thereby hasten to sin because they see that only a narrow space for sinning has been left them. May that highest and invincible piety overcome our impiety, and may it preserve you, a pure worshiper of the Deity, safe at His altars and temples. Farewell. Rhodigius. Fifth day before the Ides of Sextilis, 1631. Letter XXX. To Desiderius Erasmus. Greetings. Ludovicus Calius. Basilea, Franciscus Calvus, a devoted admirer of you and me, when he recently came to visit us from there out of Germany, as is the custom of almost all men of letters, I carefully asked him what news he was bringing after so long a journey, and what might make studies more supported. “Not much,” he said, “but soon more will be here.” “What,” I said, “is our Erasmus doing? Is he still bringing forth anything? For he is like a field already ready for harvest, truly a Byzantine field, with a hundredfold and noble crop. What has once sprung up, you reap before long.” He smiled, and said, “What if you should know what he thinks of you, and not in a friendly way? I ask only this: by what name is he more estranged from me?” He said that you had departed in your commentaries on ancient readings from his opinion, and that it was as though you wished to teach against it. I was astonished, and as though by nothing more, since, contrary to expectation, nothing could have come to me more seriously than this. For conscious of my simplicity and of my candor, which was by no means feigned, I knew well that I had used no device in writing by which someone, sniffing about more keenly than a hound, might have detected something proceeding from me from which he might infer that his reputation had been utterly overturned. Such behavior is not even preserved in commonplace men, and men of no great substance, much less in you, who are among the foremost men, and to me—let there be no suspicion of courtly flattery—are one of the leading figures. But if I seem to go in a different direction of opinion, do you think that a lawsuit should immediately be threatened, as though I had rubbed on some rust or had tried to strike a blow? This is unworthy of a learned man. P 3 of that-
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118 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. istiusmodi opinatio, quippe licuit semper, licebitque inventis addere, pro ingeniorum captu nova excogitare, fiat modo citra venenum, & figurati præconis morsum, nec de curru videamur ineptire. Quin si attendere amplius fuerit colligitum, insigniter laudatum te, etiamsi non nominatim, perspicue tamen, comperies. Ingenuitate hac a maximo quoque cum prioribus certatum. Et tu in monumentis tuis pugnæ ejusmodi non es nescius. Quare ne fueris iniquior in me judex, quum sine provocatione non disceptatur. Sed accedit aliud, legi nuper ex admonitione Francisci Saccepi Ticinensis, viri bene docti, & Senatorii, in novissima proverbiorum editione querelas tuas, quod in libris meis nusquam te nominatim advocarim, cujus tamen monumentis me adju- tum probabile fiat. Ego, Vir doctissime, sub id tempus, quo mea publicum sunt indepta, de officina tua promptum, præter proverbia, nil legeram omnino. Ubi vero prodierunt hæc, tantum non exenterari mihi sum visus. Erant sub incude nostra itidem parcemiarum libri, & Patavii, sat scio, id renuncia- tum tibi. Facto igitur tuo, qui occupasti, ad restim mihi rediitres. Evigila- tæ mihi tot noctes periere, haustæ lucernarum fuligines, sudoribus toties ri- gatæ vestes in nihilum recidere. Quid mihi tum animi fuisse putas? Nova fuit redordienda tela, novum ineundum certamen, ni allisa patientia, in tene- bras me intrusisse mallem vel Cimmeriis atriores. Hinc ergo sunt antiqua- rum lectionum libri. Qui quum excocti amplius, & opulentiores quoque, accedent quippe rerum scitu dignarum plus minus quinque millia, mox sunt prodituri, quo te obsequio demerear pleniore, nominatim tibi, epistola teste, librum unum nuncupabimus, attestati præcipue, quantum laboribus tuis vitæ contuleris. Quod me, retextis aliorum fertis, novas contexere corollas scribis, tibi ceterisque mox satisfaciemus. Interim vale. Mediolano x. Kal. Majas M. D. XIX. EPISTOLA XXXI. FRANCISCO CICEREIO. S. D. Andreas Camutius. Mediolanum. Tibi gratulor, & mihi gaudeo, Francisce suavissime, quod tandem conspe- xeris cominus Majoragium nostrum ad sublime fastigium honoris pro- vectum esse, qui non fortunæ ludentis temeritate (ut major hominum turba solet) sed virtute propria micante emersit. Utinam similibus sæpe videremus sceptra conferri, ecclesiæque titulos insignes. Sic injiceretur ori Herefiarcharum ossa veluti cerberibus latrantibus, sic obstrueretur (ut Psalmographi verbis utar) os loquentium iniqua. Itaque nuntiabis, obsecro, Majoragio no- stro, te nuperrime Camutium ovauitem vidisse, perinde ac si esset ipse Majora- gius. Siquidem verus amicus amici (ut sic dixerim) membrum est: ita sit ut simul uterque patiatur in adversis & in prosperis exultet. Quamobrem non jam
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118 MOST CLEAR AND LEARNED. An opinion of this kind; for it has always been permissible, and will be permissible, to add to discoveries, to devise new things according to the capacity of one’s talent, provided it is done without poison and without the bite of the figurative herald, and that we do not seem to be talking nonsense from the chariot. Indeed, if it should be considered more attentively, you will find that you have been distinctly praised, even if not by name, yet clearly enough. In this sort of ingenuity even the greatest have contended with those before them. And you, in your own monuments, are not unaware of a struggle of this kind. Therefore do not be an unfair judge in my case, since no dispute is carried on without appeal. But another matter is added: I recently read, from the admonition of Francesco Saccepi of Pavia, a learned man and senator, in the latest edition of the proverbs, your complaints, namely that in my books I nowhere invoked you by name, though by your monuments it may well be proved that I was assisted. I, most learned sir, at that time when my works were first made public, had read nothing at all from your workshop except the proverbs. But when these later appeared, I seemed to myself almost to be disemboweled. There were also books of paroemias under my forge, and at Padua, I know well, this was reported to you. By your action, then, since you occupied the field first, I was brought back to the rope. So many nights of mine kept awake perished, the soot of so many lamps was swallowed, the garments so often drenched with sweat sank into nothing. What do you think my state of mind was then? A new web had to be unwoven, a new contest entered upon, unless crushed patience had preferred to drive me into darkness, darker even than that of the Cimmerians. Hence, then, are the books of ancient readings. When these shall have been further refined and made more abundant, since some five thousand items worthy of being known about things will be included, they will soon appear; and, that I may merit your favor more fully, we shall dedicate one book to you by name, as this letter testifies, especially affirming how much you have contributed to life by your labors. As for your writing that I weave new garlands out of the rewoven fabric of others, we shall soon satisfy you and the others as well. Meanwhile, farewell. Milan, the tenth day before the Kalends of May, 1519. EPISTLE XXXI. TO FRANCESCO CICEREIO. Greetings. Andreas Camutius. Milan. I congratulate you, and I rejoice for myself, most delightful Francesco, that at last you have seen at close hand that our Majoragio has been advanced to the lofty pinnacle of honor, he who has risen not by the chance sport of fortune—as the greater crowd of men usually does—but by his own shining virtue. Would that we might often see such honors bestowed, and distinguished titles of the Church. Thus would bones be thrust into the mouths of heresiarchs, as though into barking Cerberi, thus would the mouth of those speaking wicked things be stopped (to use the Psalmist’s words). Therefore, I beg you, tell our Majoragio that you very recently saw Camutius Ovauitem, just as if he were Majoragio himself. For a true friend is, so to speak, a member of his friend; thus each should suffer together in adversity and exult together in prosperity. Wherefore not now
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 119 jam solus Majoragius triumphat, sed omnia ejus membra simul. Cæterum vide quid scribam ad Eugenium, qui posthac non amplius in ædibus Majoragii (utaudio) sed in tuis commorabitur. Tuum erit admonere, quod facere oporteat, ac jubere, si quid opera possum efficere, quod gratum est. Vale. Lucani, Quinto Kal. Augusti 1550. EPISTOLA XXXII. FRANCISCO CICEREIO. S. D. Andreas Camutius. Mediolanum. Postquam a Majoragio nostro discessi, Francisco Abbundio Castellioneo statim significavi quæstionem cum eo tractatam de græcis literis perdiscendis; viro sane & optimo & utriusque linguæ perito. Atqui cum Majoragii sententiam vel mordicus tenerem (obstabat enim ille) persuasit mihi tandem Castellioneus validissimis rationibus, expedire puerum in sola latina lingua unoque Cicerone (si fieri possit) versari. Namque ut donemus, non esse admodum difficile pueris in utraque lingua simul erudiri, græcasve literas plurimum ornamenti adferre (quis enim istuc neget) nunquam tamen Majoragius evincet, latinas solas celerius commodiusve inseri (ut sic dixerim) puerorum animis: præsertim cum filius meus ei daturus sit operam facultati, quæ minime græcis egeat literis. Quamobrem eum rogatum velim, ut posthabitis græcorum præceptionibus soli Ciceroni, Terentioque ejus familiari, puerum cogat totis nervis incumbere. Deus optimus maximus studiis vestris jugiter faveat. Castellioneus erogabit pecunias pro contubernio, dabitque operam, ne desint ei necessaria. Lucani. Quinto. Kal. Novemb. M. D. XLIV. EPISTOLA XXXIII. FRANCISCO CICEREIO. S. D. Hieronymus Cardanus. Cum nihil unquam antiquius amicitia esse duxerim, Francisce Cicerei, tum eam, quæ cum eruditis viris habebatur, unice colui atque servavi. Neque dies mihi tam candidus affulsit, quam is, in quo, si quando contigit, amico operam dedi; nec quicquam amicitiæ unquam præponam, præter fidem meam atque jusjurandum. Et quamvis charitas filiorum apud plerosque amicitiæ anteponenda videatur; mihi tamen cura filiorum eo loco habetur, ut amicitiæ jura non violetem. Redieram in hanc urbem quasi peregrinus, ædificatio arcam exhauserat, stipendium interverterat bellum, familia magna, unde sumtus exhauriretur, erat, unde hauriretur non aderat. Filius, tum illi addictus socius, instruendi erant literis, ut vocant, humanioribus; perquirendus erat, qui hoc posset & vellet; unde nisi ex fonte aut rivulis? petendus erat M. An-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 119 now Majoragius alone triumphs, but all his followers at once. Besides, see what I am writing to Eugenio, who from now on will no longer dwell in the house of Majoragius (as I hear) but in yours. It will be for you to remind him what ought to be done, and to order it, if in any way I can bring something about by my efforts that is welcome. Farewell. At Lucani, the Fifth Day before the Kalends of August, 1550. LETTER XXXII. TO FRANCISCO CICEREIO. S. D. Andreas Camutius. Milan. After I had departed from our Majoragius, I immediately informed Francesco Abbundio Castellioneo of the question discussed with him concerning the study of Greek letters; a truly excellent man and skilled in both languages. Yet although I held fast to Majoragius’ opinion, even tooth and nail, for he stood in the way, Castellioneus finally persuaded me by the strongest reasons that it is better for the boy to be concerned only with the Latin language and with one Cicero alone, if that can be done. For although we grant that it is not at all difficult for boys to be educated in both languages at once, and that Greek letters bring with them a great deal of ornament, who would deny it? nevertheless Majoragius will never prove that the Latin language alone is more quickly or more conveniently implanted (so to speak) in boys’ minds: especially since my son will devote himself to that branch of knowledge which has no need at all of Greek letters. For which reason I should wish him to be asked, that, setting aside the Greek lessons, he should make the boy labor with all his might only at Cicero, and Terence his familiar author. May God Almighty ever favor your studies. Castellioneus will pay the expenses for the lodging, and will take care that nothing necessary is lacking to him. Lucani. The Fifth. Day before the Kalends of November. 1544. LETTER XXXIII. TO FRANCISCO CICEREIO. S. D. Hieronymus Cardanus. Since I have never thought anything dearer than friendship, Francisco Cicerei, I have especially cherished and preserved that which existed with learned men. Nor has any day ever shone upon me so bright, as that on which, whenever it happened, I rendered service to a friend; nor shall I ever place anything before friendship, except my faith and oath. And although the affection owed to sons may seem to most men to be placed before friendship; yet with me the care of my sons is held in such a place that I do not violate the rights of friendship. I had returned to this city almost as a stranger; the building had emptied the chest, war had diverted the stipend, there was a large household, from which expenses were to be drawn, but from where they were to be drawn there was none. My son, and then his devoted companion, were to be instructed in the so-called humanities; one had to be sought who could and would do this; from where, if not from a spring or streams? M. An-
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120 CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. Antonius Majoragius ille celebris, occasio non admittebat, nam dudum huic oneri valedixerat. Requisitus Franciscus Cicercius doctissimus, atque in domo Majoragii, si non educatus, saltem factus se ipso politior, atque id non sine injuria, fateor, quadam Antonii Majoragii patruelis ejus, quem nos ambo ob veritatem suspicimus; namque cum illo arctius erat amicitiæ vinculum & diuturnior consuetudo, illum tamen Cicerei causa prætermittimus, tum quod longius abesset domus, tum quod videbaris hoc munus ob amicitiam nostram quasi affectare, non solum oblatum libenter excipere. Ego, qui neminem soleo decipere, cum inopiæ meæ belle conscius essem, paciscor tecum, imo magis offero, quod solum commode posse dare sperabam, aurei quadrantem singulis mensibus, in singula capita. Tu videris perlibenter conditionem recipere, assentiris, quin imo videbaris amicitiæ causa neque de pecunia curare, quo in tempore mihi simillimus esse visus es, ut qui nunquam ab erudito viro pecunias, neque exegerim, neque receperim. Recepisanc ab aliquibus, qui literis operam darent, sed eo tempore, quo nondum clari ea in facultate, imo ne propemodum noti haberentur. Quod testari possunt multi, atque inter eos Coa, Caymusque, ac Alciatus jurisconsultus, tum tuus Majoragius, imo noster. Cum vix mensibus duabus ludum frequentarent pueri, nuntium repentinum mittis, te alterum, scilicet Fabritium filii mei socium, nolle, nisi dimidio aurei docere, de filio conditioni propositæ, si cam mutare nolim, ac quiescere. Vir in hoc nimis prudens ac sagax, ut qui scires, quam pulchre conveniret, ut silium ad te mitterem, cum, qui ei custodiæ causa adhibetur, alio; aut si ambos mittere oportebat, quam deceret pro alieno semissem, pro filio quadrantem persolvere; itaque hac tua verecundia id solum effeceras, ut te minus puderet rejecti filii mei, non quin ego vel pro semisse assem persolverem, vel in absurdam conditionem exemploque indignam incurrerem. Quamobrem intellecta petitione tua consternatus, ne quid sceleris aut flagitii Fabritius commisisset, coepi dubitare, interrogatoque illo, tum seorsum filio diligenter, nihil potui intelligere, cur illum rejiceres: rebar enim causam esse non veram, sed prætensam, ut illius scelus esset impunitum, infamia tamen non deturparet ludum, nec illius contagium ad te perveniret. Sic enim dixerat sapientissimus mortalium. Causam quarit, qui vult discedere ab amico, sed o mortalium mentes! ac spem meam fallacem! nihil horum invenio, neque ratio suadebat quicquam subesse, cum non minus flagitium fuisset sceleri obmutescere, & manus dare semisse, quam quadrante, sed ut opinor gravatus copia discipulorum, seu in spem majorem allectus, amico valedixeras. Quamobrem ad te mitto semel atque bis, amicitiæ jura, fidemque tuam expostulans pro filiolo socioque, quorum causa conjuncta erat, ut nolis me deferere in tanta inopia rerum mearum, in tot discriminibus, in tanta necessitate, tu omnino surdus precibus meis filiolique mei perstas in sententia; non tamen ego his contentus aut commotus, ut qui ne semel in vita amicitiæ jura violaverim, ad te venio, tu præpeditus, ut dicis; & malo amico credere, quam de illo male sentire; non ve-
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120 CLARISSIMO AND MOST LEARNED. That famous Antonius Majoragius was not available, for long before he had bid farewell to this burden. Francis Cicercius, most learned indeed, was requested, and in Majoragius’s house, if not educated there, at least made more polished by his own efforts, and that, I confess, not without some injury to a certain nephew of Antonius Majoragius, whom we both admire for his integrity; for with him there was a closer bond of friendship and a longer familiarity, yet we set him aside for Cicercius’s sake, partly because the house was farther off, partly because you seemed to covet this task on account of our friendship, not merely to accept what was offered gladly. I, who am accustomed to deceive no one, being well aware of my own poverty, make terms with you, or rather offer you what I hoped I could conveniently give, a quarter of a gold piece each month, for each head. You seemed to accept the condition very willingly; you agreed, nay, you seemed on account of friendship to care nothing for the money, at which time you seemed to me very much like myself, as one who has never either demanded or received money from a learned man. I have received it from some who were devoted to letters, but at a time when they were not yet distinguished in that field, indeed not even hardly known. Many can testify to this, among them Coa, Caymus, and the jurist Alciatus, then your Majoragius, nay rather ours. When the boys had attended school scarcely two months, you sent an abrupt message, saying that you did not want the second one, namely Fabricius, my son’s companion, unless you were to teach him for only half a gold piece, regarding the condition proposed for my son, if I did not wish to change it and remain quiet. A man too prudent and shrewd in this matter, as one who knew so well how fitting it was that I should send my son to you together with the one assigned to him as guardian, or if both had to be sent, how proper it would be to pay a half for another’s son and a quarter for one’s own; and so by this modesty of yours you had achieved only this: that you were less ashamed of rejecting my son, though I would have paid either a half or even a penny, rather than fall into an absurd condition unworthy of example. Therefore, troubled by your request, lest Fabricius had committed some crime or disgrace, I began to doubt; and after questioning him, and separately my son as well, I could discover nothing as to why you rejected him. For I thought the reason was not true, but merely pretended, so that his crime might go unpunished, yet the school might not be dishonored by infamy, nor the contagion of it come upon you. Thus indeed said the wisest of mortals: he seeks an excuse who wishes to withdraw from a friend. But O minds of mortals, and my deceived hope! I find none of these things, nor did reason suggest that anything of the sort was involved, since it would have been no less disgraceful to keep silent about the crime and submit to a half than to a quarter; but, as I believe, burdened by the abundance of pupils, or enticed by greater hope, you had bid farewell to your friend. Wherefore I send to you once and twice, demanding the rights of friendship and your good faith on behalf of my little son and his companion, whose cause was joined together, that you would not abandon me in such great poverty of my affairs, amid so many dangers, in such great necessity. You, altogether deaf to my prayers and to those of my little son, persist in your decision; yet I am not content with this, nor moved by it, since I have never in my life violated the rights of friendship, and I come to you; you, as you say, are hindered; and I would rather believe a friend than think ill of him; not to-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 121 venis. Fortuna id factum sit? utcunque cedo; sed non fortuna factum est, ut precibus meis filiique mei inter tot necessitates aures præbere nolueris; itaque cum ego te immobilem esse cernerem, tentavi alterum rivulum, & cum quo, familiæ Majoragiorum jure, amicitia deberes esse conjunctus, invenique, ut est humanissimus cum promptum ad officium, atque is recepit, qui videri læsus poterat, rejecit is vero, cujus amicitiam tam anxie quæsivimus, tam sancte coluimus. Itaque missis ad te pecuniis non pro summa, quam nuper postulabas, sed tamen pluribus quam essem pollicitus, utrumque ad illum traduxi. Itaque ne mihi de eruditione mea, tum maxime præsenti, quicquam prædica, in qua, siqua modo esset, nihil est meum, sed Dei donum, sed de probitate, de qua gloriari soleo, gratulare. Et quamquam facundia longe præstes, illud tecum reputa, causam meam adeo justam, adeo æquam esse, ut unus ego sim Demeas adversus Demosthenem, qui quamquam eloquentia esset longe superior, causa tamen tanto sim meliore, ut vel fratrum tuum, si quem habeas, imo te ipsum judicem, quandoquidem & de tua integritate confidam, non recusem. Cæterum cum te eruditissimum esse agnoscam, fieri non potest, ut unquam tecum amicitia jura violem, sed scito de te honoris- centissimum, ut tua fert singularis doctrina, sermonem habiturum. Nec quicquam ex me profecturum quod magis, quam, cum pueros meos doceres, ab amicitia sit alienum. Vale XVIII. Kalendas Februarii. EPISTOLA XXXIV. Al Signor Marcantonio Majoraggio. In Milano, Scrivendo hora hora a Roma à Monsignor Marcantonio Flaminio, mi pa- reva sentir un contento nell' animo grandissimo, considerando haver duo Marcantonii per amici buomini di tanto valore, quanto conosce, e sempre conoscerà tutto il mondo; e fu tanta la dolcezza, ch'io mi risolsi, dolce il mio Signor di scrivervi la presente, per salutarvi, e dirvi, che alli passati anco, vi scripsi, mosso dall' infinito amor, che io vi porto; e viconfortare à lasciar la rissa comminciata; e credo veramente, che Iddio mi facesse parlare, perche tutti questi dotti vengono nella mia opinione, che non sia cosa di molta laude, e di grande impedimento all' alti vostri pensieri. Il Signor Cavaliero Bocchio veramente, al quale feci io leggere i vostri antiparadossi, e che perciò v' am- mira, si duole infinitamente di questa vostra controversia. Vi dirò il vero, credo, che le Muse ne sentino grancordoglio: Hor pensate, che facciano gli buomini. Non è però alcuno, che piu se ne attristi, del vostro Corrado; il quale per esser vero, e devoto servitor di tutti i letterati, piagne ogni volta, che sente esser nata guerra tra quali siano che facciano, professione di lettere. Co- me pensate duncque, ché io mi doglia hora, che io la veggo nata tr. duoi delli più rari, che habbia l'età nostra, e tantomiei amici, Signori. Io vi giuro per l'amor, Q
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LETTERS OF MEN. 121 Venis. Has Fortune brought this about? I yield as you will; but it was not Fortune that caused you, amid so many necessities, to refuse a hearing to my entreaties and to those of my son. Therefore, when I saw that you remained unmoved, I tried another stream, and found one with whom, by right of the Majoragii family, you ought to be joined in friendship; and I discovered him, as he is most humane when prompt to duty. He received what might seem to have been an injury, while he rejected the one whose friendship we had so anxiously sought and so sacredly cherished. Thus, after money had been sent to you, not for the sum you recently demanded, but still for more than I had promised, I brought both of them over to him. Therefore, do not boast to me of my learning, especially at present, for if I have any, it is nothing of my own but a gift of God; rather congratulate me on my integrity, of which I am wont to be proud. And although you far surpass me in eloquence, reflect with yourself that my cause is so just, so equitable, that I alone am a Demeas against Demosthenes; and though he would be far superior in eloquence, yet my cause is so much better that I would not refuse even your brother, if you have one, nay, even you yourself, as judge, since I trust also in your fairness. Moreover, since I recognize you as most learned, it cannot happen that I should ever violate the laws of friendship with you; but know that I shall speak of you in the most honorable terms, as your singular learning deserves. Nor shall anything proceed from me that would be more contrary to friendship than when you were teaching my boys. Farewell, the 18th day before the Kalends of February. EPISTLE XXXIV. To Signor Marcantonio Majoraggio. In Milan, Writing now and again to Rome to Monsignor Marcantonio Flaminio, it seemed to me that I felt a very great contentment in my soul, considering that I have two Marcantonios for friends, men of such worth as all the world knows, and will always know; and so great was the sweetness of it that I resolved, my dear Signore, to write you this letter, to greet you and to tell you that I had also written to you before, moved by the infinite love I bear you, and to exhort you to leave off the quarrel begun; and I truly believe that God made me speak, because all these learned men come to my opinion that this is not a thing of much praise, and a great impediment to your lofty thoughts. Signor Cavaliero Bocchio truly, to whom I had your antiparadoxes read, and who therefore admires you, grieves infinitely over this controversy of yours. I will tell you the truth: I believe the Muses feel great sorrow over it; now think what men must feel. Yet there is none who grieves over it more than your Corrado, who, being a true and devoted servant of all men of letters, weeps every time he hears that war has arisen among those who profess letters. How then do you think that I am distressed now, when I see it born between two of the rarest men our age has, and two such friends of mine, Signori. I swear to you by love, Q
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISS. l'amor, che io vi porto, di cui non può esser maggiore, che se fusero le vacationi, che io verrei a Milano, per impetrar questa gratia da voi, che mi donaste a me questa ingiuria, se pure è ingiuria, che io non la voglio cercar, mà voglio cercar la pace. E così per questa vi prego, e vi scongiuro a condonarmi a me questa differentia, qual voglio se possibil sia, che la mandiamo in oblivione: Siche, Signor mio cordialissimo, datemi questo contento, che per una vostra intenda, che il tutto rimettiate al vostro Corrado: Et il simil farò con M. Mario, e son certo, che impetratarò tutto quel che da lui vorro; perche egli conoscerà, che io movo per l'honor vostro, e di tutti i letterati, i quali io adoro, e tra gli altri voi duo, dalli quali, se io non impetrassi questa gratia, mi disperarei, mò non dubito, e con questa fede fo fine a questa mia scritta. Di cuore naturalmente a voi mi raccomando, & offero. Il di XXVII di Febraro 1548. in Bologna. Vostro Servidore. SEB. CORRADO. EPISTOLA XXXV. Al Signor Marcantonio Majoraggio. In Milano. V'ho scritto due altre mie sopra la lite, che havete con Monsignor Mario Nizolio, & in una con quella sicurtà, che di me midò, v'horicercato, che a me donaste questa differentia, che il simil farà Monsignor Mario, e di cio gli scrivo, e non dubito, che non mi faccia questa gratia, è la medesima fede ho in voi; e percio vi scrivo senza ceremonie alla Carlona; come si dice. Ispetto una risposta degna di quel bell' animo del mio Majoraggio, e quanto più tosto, innanzi, che si proceda piu oltre; perche se voi rispondeste, egli poi anche vorebbe rispondere, e la cosa potrebbe andar di malo in peggio. Se io vi potessi parlare all' orecchio, Signor mio, vi direi più cose, ma non voglio commetere a carta tali cose, bastivi, che io mi movo dall'amor, che io vi porto a chiedervi questa gratia, qual non mi dovete negare, se voi pensate, che io vi sia vero amico, come vi son, e forse il più vero, che haveste giammai. E facendone isperienza il conoscerete. Tra tanto fate questa gratia a me, che ve la domando in mio nome, e in nome di tutti litterati, i quali vogliono, & ispettono da voi altro, che apologize, e se bisognerà defender l'honor vostro, vi saranno, che piglieranno l'armi in mani, non che lo stile, mò non è bisogno, che egli da se se difendera. Innanzi pasqua ispetto questa risposta da voi, a cui mi raccomando. Il di 3 Marzo. 1548. da Bologna. Servidore Vostro. SEB. CORRADO. EPISTO-
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CLARIS. AND MOST LEARNED. the love that I bear you, than which none can be greater, if the holidays were such that I could come to Milan to obtain this favor from you, that you would grant me this injury, if indeed it is an injury, which I do not wish to seek, but wish to seek peace. And so for this reason I beg and implore you to pardon me this difference, which I wish, if possible, that we cast into oblivion: so that, my most cordial lord, grant me this contentment, that by a word from you I may understand that you remit everything to your Corrado: and I shall do the same with M. Mario, and I am certain that I shall obtain all that I shall ask of him; because he will know that I am acting for your honor, and for that of all men of letters, whom I adore, and among others the two of you, from whom, if I did not obtain this favor, I would despair; but I do not doubt it, and with this faith I end this writing of mine. From the heart, as always, I commend and offer myself to you. On the 27th day of February 1548, in Bologna. Your servant. SEB. CORRADO. EPISTLE XXXV. To Signor Marcantonio Majoraggio. In Milan. I have written you two other letters of mine concerning the dispute you have with Monsignor Mario Nizolio, and in one of them, with the confidence that he gave me, I have asked you that you would grant me this difference, and that Monsignor Mario would do the same; and of this I write to him, and I do not doubt that he will grant me this favor, and I have the same confidence in you; and therefore I write to you without ceremony, in a familiar manner, as they say. I await a reply worthy of that fine spirit of my Majoraggio, and as soon as possible, before matters go any further; because if you were to reply, he too would then want to reply, and the matter might go from bad to worse. If I could speak to you in your ear, my lord, I would tell you more, but I do not want to commit such things to paper; suffice it that I am moved by the love I bear you to ask you for this favor, which you ought not deny me, if you think that I am your true friend, as I am, and perhaps the truest you have ever had. And by experiencing it you will know it. Meanwhile do this favor for me, which I ask of you in my name and in the name of all men of letters, who want and expect from you something other than apologies, and if it should be necessary to defend your honor, there will be those who will take arms in hand, not merely the pen; but there is no need, for he will defend himself. Before Easter I await this reply from you, to whom I commend myself. The 3rd day of March 1548, from Bologna. Your servant. SEB. CORRADO. EPISTO-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 123 EPISTOLA XXXVI. Al Signor Marcantonio Majoraggio. In Milano. Ancorche per altre tre mie v'habbia scritto à bastanza sopra la lite, Ache haveste con M. Mario Nizolio: Nondimeno havendo messo, e dubitando, che le mie non siano andate in sinistro, perche non hò risposta, la quale però ispetto, m'è parso replicarvi brevimente: che vi prego, che a me vogliate donar questa differenza, che donandomela, e cessando da queste guerre, et attendendo all' imprese cominciate, vi torrà a mantenere, che ogni giorno ne farete piu contento. Io sò quel, che io vi dico, e vel' dico di cuore mosso dall' amore incredibile, che io vi porto, come nelle altre mie più diffusamente v'ho scritto, e v'ho scritto alla buonissima, come si dice, perche voglio conosciate, che io non voglio impetrar da voi cosa alcuna per artifitio, ma con quella simplicità, che io v'amo. Ispetto vostra risposta quanto più tosso, che già l'ho havuta da M. Mario, e sò non vorrete cederli in questo di gentilezza, come non voleste ceder nello scrivere de doctrina. Hor su non piu parole, fate che sia vero quel, che da voi in publico, et in privato hò detto, che voi non setemen gentile, che dotto; a voi mi raccomando. Il di 13 di Mar- zo. 1548. da Bologna. Vostre Servidore. SEB. CORRADO. EPISTOLA XXXVII. M. ANTONIO MAJORAGIO. S.D. Goshardus Costa. Mediolanum, Superioribus diebus ex agro Trebelliano, ubi nunc artem medicam feliciter exerceo, Brixiam me contuli, ut Magium præceptorem nostrum inviferem: apud quem cum biduum fuerim, variosque sermones variis de rebus invicem, ut sit, jucunde conseruissemus, in cum demum incidimus, vel intulimus potius, ut de Majorato nostro, Viro perexcellenti, doctrina omatissimo & humanissimo, verba faceremus, de cujus commoditatibus ornamentisque cum multa summa cum animi mei voluptate cognovi, tum illud inprimis, non dici potest, quantopere mihi arriserit, quod ab eodem Magio audivi, nempe te commutati cognamenti causam dixisse in Senatu Mediolanensi, hoc est in theatro virorum ab omni parte absolutissimorum; id quod ita per mihi gratum accidit, ut vehementer sim illico honori tuo atque etiam gloriæ gratulatus. Quam animi mei voluptatem primo quoque tempore tibi literis meis significassem, si aut per otium, aut per nuntium licuisset. Itaque nunc Q 2
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LETTERS OF MEN. 123 LETTER XXXVI. To Signor Marcantonio Majoraggio. In Milan. Although by three other letters of mine I have written to you sufficiently about the dispute that you had with M. Mario Nizolio, nevertheless, having set it down, and fearing that mine may have gone astray, because I have no reply, which I still await, it has seemed good to me to write to you briefly again: I beg you to grant me this difference, that, by granting it to me, and ceasing from these wars, and attending to the enterprises begun, you will cause me to keep on making you more pleased every day. I know what I say to you, and I say it to you from the heart, moved by the incredible love I bear you, as in my other letters I have written to you more fully, and I have written to you very openly, as they say, because I want you to know that I do not wish to obtain anything from you by artifice, but with that simplicity with which I love you. I await your reply as soon as possible, since I have already had one from M. Mario, and I know you will not wish to yield to him in this matter of gentility, as you did not wish to yield in matters of learning. Now then, no more words: see that what I have said of you in public and in private proves true, that you are no less noble than learned; to you I commend myself. The 13th of Mar- ch, 1548, from Bologna. Your servant, SEB. CORRADO. LETTER XXXVII. M. ANTONIO MAJORAGIO. S.D. Goshardus Costa. Milan, In the preceding days, from the Trebellian countryside, where I now happily practice the medical art, I went to Brescia to visit Magio, our preceptor: with whom, after I had been two days, and we had pleasantly exchanged various conversations on various subjects, we finally came upon, or rather introduced, the topic of our Majorato, a man most excellent, most adorned with learning, and most humane, and from whose accomplishments and adornments I learned much with the greatest pleasure of my soul; but especially this, it cannot be said how much it pleased me, what I heard from that same Magio, namely, that you had mentioned the cause of the changed surname in the Milanese Senate, that is, in the theater of men absolutely consummate in every part; and this was so pleasing to me that I immediately greatly congratulated you on your honor and even on your glory. I would have signified this pleasure of my soul to you by my letters at the first possible time, if either through leisure or through a messenger it had been possible. Therefore now Q 2
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124 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. nunc potestatem utriusque nactus, non putavi committendum, ut tu hunc animum meum ignorares. Qui qualis erga te tuique similes, id est, bene doctos viros & humanos, sit, tu plane cum experiri volueris, facile intelliges. Quamobrem quod antea facere non potui, nunc eo libentius facio, ut istum talem tantumque honorem ac gloriam tibi gratuler, quo præclarius intelligo, sive singularem eruditionem probes, sive morum elegantiam spectes, neminem esse, quem tibi in amore præferendum existiunem. Ac ut nunquam æquo animo ferendum duxi, si viro probo, atque mecum summa necessitudine conjuncto negotium alicunde exhiberetur, ita cum interdum ex falsis invidiosisque adversariorum criminibus majorem amplioremque laudem comparari videam, minime dolendum, sæpe etiam optandum, ut nomini nostro hujuscemodi occasiones tanquam illius seges præbeantur: est enim ita comparatum, ut cum quis caulam dicat, eaque dicenda & tractanda innocentiam suam declaret, aut invidiam propulset, nullum ea re probitatis testimonium fieri possit vel locupletius, vel sanctius; ut quidem præstet, quod ad nominis splendorem attinet, in judicium vocari, quam illusum perpetuo præteriri. Sic Catoni illi viro gravissimo profuit magis toties causam dixisse, & absolutum fuisse, quam si a nullo unquam fuisset provocatus. Quamobrem tu eos minus odisse debes, qui in re levi magnam gravemque invidiam tibi conflare censuerunt, non solum quod honorem tuum auxerunt; sed quod etiam tibi data est causa, unde tuam eloquentiam explicares. Eam enim orationem, quam pro re tua habuisti, ita summis laudibus Magius in coelum extulit, ut ex ejus sermone orta mihi summa illius perlegendæ cupiditate, minime sim a petitione quieturus, donec eam mihi mileris. Quod te facturam confido, cum summa humanitate tua, qua me tuum effecisti: tum benevolentia in me tua, quam Ferrariæ benigne & peramanter semper ostendisti. Itaque si hoc a te impetro, quod certe nullo negotio debeo; illud consequeris, ut ad amorem erga te meum nihil, ad causas autem amoris tantum addas, quantum quidem non faceres, si quovis alio munere me afficeres. Ad hæc, si licet per occupationes tuas, gratissimum mihi esset, si quid istic venale prostat in re medica videas, aditis bibliopolis, idque simul per hunc, qui tibi has reddidit, mihi cures perscribendum. Tu vale meque, quod facis, ama. Scripsi subito, quò minus mireris, si, cum etiam medicus sim, invenias aliquid, quod non omnino tibi satisfacere videatur. Dat. Trebelliani. Kal. Decembris. Comitem Anni- balim velim a me salvere jubeas. EPISTO-
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124 CLEAR AND LEARNED. Now that I have obtained power over both, I did not think it should be allowed that you should be ignorant of this disposition of mine toward you. What it is toward you and those like you, that is, learned and humane men, you will clearly understand when you have wished to experience it. Wherefore, what I could not do before, I now do all the more gladly: to congratulate you on that great and distinguished honor and glory, which I understand the more clearly the more I consider either your singular learning or the elegance of your character; and I find no one whom I should think preferable to you in my affection. And just as I have never thought it should be borne with equanimity if some business from elsewhere were brought upon a good man closely bound to me by the strongest ties, so when I sometimes see that greater and more widespread praise is gained from the false and envious accusations of adversaries, I think it not at all to be lamented, and often even to be desired, that opportunities of this kind should be afforded to our name as if they were its seed: for the matter is so arranged that when someone pleads a case, and in speaking and handling it declares his innocence or drives away envy, no more abundant or holier testimony of probity can be given in this way; indeed, as far as the glory of a name is concerned, it is better to be summoned to judgment than to pass by continually unassailed. Thus it was of more advantage to that most serious man Cato to have pleaded so many cases and to have been acquitted, than if he had ever been challenged by no one at all. Wherefore you ought to dislike less those who thought they could stir up against you, in a trivial matter, a great and serious envy—not only because they increased your honor, but because they also gave you cause from which to display your eloquence. For that speech which you made in your own defense Magius exalted to heaven with the highest praise, so that from his account I have been aroused to the greatest desire to read it, and I shall by no means desist from my request until you send it to me. I trust that you will do this, both because of your great kindness, by which you have made me your own, and because of that goodwill toward me which you have always shown so graciously and affectionately at Ferrara. Therefore if I obtain this from you, which surely I ought to do without any trouble, you will achieve this: that you add nothing to my affection for you, but only so much to the reasons for my affection as you would not do if you were to favor me with any other gift whatsoever. Besides this, if your occupations allow, it would be most welcome to me if you would look, by visiting the booksellers, to see whether anything medical is for sale there, and at the same time have this written to me through the man who delivered this letter to you. Farewell, and love me as you do. I wrote hastily, so that you may not be surprised if, even though I am also a physician, you find something that seems not entirely to satisfy you. Given at Trebellianum. On the Kalends of December. I should like you to bid Count Annibal to greet me. EPISTO-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 125 EPISTOLA XXXVIII. Al Signor Marcantonio Majoragio. Supplico a V. S per la sua amorevolissima bontà, sii contenta indicar per il suo divino ingegno, se dalle Lettere sotto scritte si può cavar qualche senso; quale sono state trovate sotto un' arca di sasso rosso, fasta in foggia di una pyra, come noi appellamo in vulgare, e nella pyra si sono trovate alcune ampolle piene di una gentilezza molto odorifera, e questa si e trovato a Caponago sedeci miglia ala foresta; e si come è avara, e temeraria la natura de Vil- lani, havendo loro ritrovato la pyra e le dette ampolle, subito le votorno sotto e sopra, e dice uno Gentilhuomo, mio molto familiare, ne usci odo- re tanto suave, e delettevole che per dieci giorni tutta quella campagna d' in- torno rendeva odore divinissimo, che dalla prosumptione di costoro ne fu disperatissimo, e subito venne da me pregandomi, se conosceva qualche dotto gentil- huomo, li volesse di chiarar detto caso, e pregarlo alla consideratione delle let- tere; Io non ho persona al mondo piu degni di V. S. a qual habbi possuto far ri- corso, pregola havermi per escusato, se li dò questo fastidio, massimamente essen- do fral' cosa, non se ne possi haver costrutto alcuno per antiquità, qual può haver guasto ognicosa. Le Lettere scritte sono. PHOITASPI senza niuno punto. Del resto vi bacio la mano. Iddio la conservi. Devotissimo Servidore. CARLO FAGNANI. EPISTOLA XXXIX. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. M. Antonius Majoragius. 1 Lucanum, Quod ad me familiariter, ut mos est amicorum, literas dedisti, id mihi sane pergratum fuit. Quamvis enim alias, ut scribis, me publice docen- tem audiveris, & etiam mihi de facie notus esses, tamen, ut ingenue fatear, exiguam admodum ac fere nullam tui memoriam tenebam, credo quia cum non- dum te penitus in familiaritatem meam dedisses, magno postea locorum & temporum intervallo disjuncti fuerimus. Verum hoc tempore tuæ peramanter ad me scriptæ literæ veterem mihi de te memoriam perquam jucundum & gratam renovarunt. Vidi enim in illis, quasi ea quæ oculiscernuntur, me a te vehementer amari, quapropter incessi omnibus læticiis, cum ita mihi te deditum intellexi, ut honori gloriæque meæ magna cum diligentia velificeris, & quæcunque a me scripta proficiscuntur, ea magnopere comprobes. Nam etsi laudes, istas quibus immerentem me ornasti, magis ab amore, quam a judicio profi- Q3
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LETTERS OF MEN. 125 LETTER XXXVIII. To Signor Marcantonio Majoragio. I beg Your Lordship, by your most gracious kindness, to be pleased to indicate, by your divine intelligence, whether any sense can be drawn from the letters written below; which were found under a red-stone tomb, made in the shape of a pyre, as we call it in the vulgar tongue, and in the pyre there were found some little vials full of a very fragrant substance; and this was found at Caponago, sixteen miles from the forest. And since the nature of peasants is avaricious and reckless, having found the pyre and the said vials, they immediately turned them upside down, and a gentleman, a very familiar friend of mine, says that there came forth a smell so sweet and delightful that for ten days the whole countryside around gave forth a most divine odor, so that because of the presumption of these men he was most distressed; and he came to me at once, asking me, if I knew some learned gentleman, to have him explain the said case and ask him to consider the letters. I have no one in the world more worthy than Your Lordship to whom I could have recourse; I beg you to excuse me if I give you this trouble, especially since the matter is fragile, and no conclusion may be had from antiquity, which can corrupt everything. The letters written are: PHOITASPI, without any punctuation. In all else I kiss your hand. May God preserve you. Your most devoted servant, CARLO FAGNANI. LETTER XXXIX. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. M. Antonius Majoragius. 1 To Lucanus, Since you have sent me letters in a friendly way, as is the custom among friends, this was indeed very pleasing to me. For although, as you write, you had heard me teaching in public, and had also known me by sight, nevertheless, to speak frankly, I retained only a very slight, and almost no, memory of you, I believe because, since you had not yet fully given yourself into my familiarity, we were afterward separated by a great interval of places and times. But at this time your letters, written to me so affectionately, renewed the old memory I had of you in a most delightful and welcome way. For in them I saw, as though what is perceived by the eyes, that I am greatly loved by you; wherefore I was filled with all joy, since I understood you to be so devoted to me that you strive, with great diligence, for my honor and glory, and highly approve whatever writings proceed from me. For although the praises with which you have adorned me, undeserving as I am, are more from affection than from judgment,
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126 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. proficisci intelligam, tamen non possum non cumulari maximo gaudio, cum ejusmodi amicos nec opinato reperiam, qui non tantum ipsi mihi bene velint, sed alios etiam mihi plurimos conciliare studeant. Quanti enim illud me facere existimas, quod spectatum virum Hieronymum Friccium, Prætorem vestrum, grace & latine, ut scribis, peritissimum, ad me meaque amandum induxeris? quanti illud, quod Joannem Oporinum, virum, ut ex plurimis audivi, cum optimum, tum eruditissimum excitaris, ut mecum familiaritatem inire desideret? quæ certe res multo mihi jucundissima fuit. Itaque licet in eo commendando, miro quodam artificio mecum usus fueris, tamen affirmanti mihi credas velim, occasionem hanc ineundæ cum Oporino familiaritatis, quam mihi tuo beneficio divina quædam sors obtulit, magno empturum fuisse. Quid enim mihi optatius accidere potest, quam ab ejusmodi viris amari, quorum opera laboreque nomen meum quamplurimum illustrari possit? velim igitur cum primum occasionem nactus fueris, ad eum scribas, me illi deditissimum esse, brevique facturum ut intelligat, mihi nihil esse antiquius, quam ut per cum notas in Germania iam, quædam enim opera jam pridem instituta, sed nondum perpolita habeo, quæ tamen brevi me absoluturum spero, eajam nunc Oporino nostro, si gratum illi fuerit, typis excudenda spondeo atque defero. Tibi vero, mi Cicerine, pro ista tua incredibili in me observantia plurimum perpetuo debebo. Et siquid unquam acciderit, qua in re tibi gratificari possim, me ad omnia paratissimum invenies. Vale. Mitto tibi cujusdam Apologiæ meæ in Marium Nizolium exempla duo, quorum alterum tibi habeas, alterum Prætori vestro nomine meo tradas velim. Mediolano Non. Octobris. M. D. XLVII. EPISTOLA XL. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. M. Antonius Majoragius. Lucanum, A Mo quidem vehementer tuum istum erga me amorem officii ac diligen- tiæ plenum, sed tamen, ut ingenue fatear, mihi videris in me amando septa, quod ajunt, transilire. Tanta est enim visamoris erga me tui, ut cum honori meo velificari studeas, onera mihi longe graviora, quam sustinere possim, imponas. Nam quod Oporinum ad me amandum allexisti, id mihi sa- ne gratissimum est. Quod autem eundem impulisti, ut opera mea jam edita colligere quærat, atque in unum corpus redigere, quo typis suis aliquando possit ea simul impressa omnia divulgare, mihi certe, ne mentiar, molestum accidit. Quæ enim hactenus a me sunt edita, partim juvenili quodam calo- re, non maturo judicio, partim necessitate quadam, non voluntate sunt edita: nam duas orationes, alteram de nuptiis Præsidis Mediolanensis, alteram in aleatores, vix annos tres & viginti natus conscripsi; decisiones, & Antiparadoxa in
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126 MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. Although I understand that you are about to depart, nevertheless I cannot help being filled with the greatest joy when I unexpectedly find friends of this kind, who not only themselves wish me well, but also strive to win over many others to my side. For how highly do you think I value the fact that you have induced the distinguished man Hieronymus Friccius, your Praetor, most skilled, as you write, in Greek and Latin, to love me and my affairs? How highly, that you have roused Joannes Oporinus, a man whom, from many reports I have heard, is not only the best, but also the most learned, so that he desired to enter into familiar friendship with me? And indeed this matter was most pleasing to me. So although in recommending him you employed, with me, a certain marvelous artifice, nevertheless I wish you would believe me when I affirm that I would have paid a great price for this opportunity, which, by your kindness, a kind of divine fortune has offered me for entering into friendship with Oporinus. For what can happen to me more desirable than to be loved by such men, through whose work and labor my name may be made much more illustrious? I therefore wish that, as soon as you have the opportunity, you write to him that I am wholly devoted to him, and that I shall shortly make it clear that nothing is dearer to me than that, through him, I may already make known in Germany some works, for indeed I have certain works long since begun but not yet polished, which I hope to complete shortly; these I now promise and offer to our Oporinus, if it shall be agreeable to him, to be printed. For your part, my dear Cicerinus, I shall owe you a great and lasting debt for this incredible regard of yours toward me. And if ever anything should happen in which I might be able to do you a favor, you will find me most ready for anything. Farewell. I send you two copies of a certain Apology of mine against Marius Nizolius, of which I wish you to keep one and hand the other over to your Praetor in my name. Milan, the Nones of October, 1547. EPISTLE XL. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. M. Antonius Majoragius. Lucanus, From me indeed your affection toward me, full of duty and diligence, is greatly appreciated; yet, to speak frankly, you seem to me, in loving me, to be overstepping the bounds, as they say. So great is your love for me that, while you strive to further my honor, you impose on me burdens far heavier than I can bear. For the fact that you have attracted Oporinus to love me is certainly most gratifying to me. But that you have moved him to seek out and collect my published works and gather them into one body, so that he may one day have them all printed and published together through his press, has certainly, I shall not lie, been troublesome to me. For what has hitherto been published by me was in part produced with a certain youthful ardor, not with mature judgment, and in part from some necessity, not from choice: for I wrote two orations, one on the marriage of the President of Milan, the other against gamblers, when I was scarcely twenty-three years old; the decisions, and the Antiparadoxa in
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 127 in ipso juventutis vel adolescentiæ potius fervore conscripta, non tam edidi, quam præcipitavi, quoniam neutrum eorum opusculorum apud me plus qua- tuor mensibus fuit. Orationem de mutatione nominis, & Apologiam in Ni- zolium necessitate compellus edidi, ut me a malevolorum hominum voculis liberarem. Quid ergo? decrevi, quoniam jacta alea est, neque quod factum est, infectum fieri potest, & quæ hactenus edita sunt diligentius considerare, atque emendare, & quæ nondum edidi, diutius apud me habere, Horatiique præceptum servare, & in nonum annum premere. Quare velim Oporino nomine meo gratias agas, quod tam humaniter operam suam mihi pollicetur, rogesque ut in sententia perstare velit. Nam quædam jampridem instituta habeo, sed nondum perpolita, quæ cum satis maturuisse mihi visa fuerint, quod brevi futurum spero, ad eum imprimenda mittere constitui. Atque interim etiam ea fortasse corrigam, quæ jam in lucem venerunt, si per occupationes meas mihi licuerit, quibus pene opprimor. Tu vale, & me, ut facis, ama. Mediolano pridie Non. Ian. M. D. XLVIII. EPISTOLA XLI. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. M. Antonius Majoragius. Lucanum, Non erat quod te mihi literis excusares, aut ejus rei veniam peteres, in qua nihil omnino peccasti. Quod enim istud peccatum tuum fuit, qui amico tui studioso negotium tuum commendares? Sed ideo tibi de ea re non scripsi, primo quia mihi Primus noster, cum te illi magnopere commendarem, dixit, jam Novocomenses alium præceptorem ascivisse: deinde quia tam sum occupatus in refellendis Nizolii contra me nugis, ut vix ad aures, ut est in proverbio, scalpendas otium supersit. Verum, ut spero, propediem illud opus confecero. Duos enim, ut rem intelligas, Reprehensionum libros in Nizolium scribo, qui jam majori ex parte confecti sunt, in quibus contra illum multa disputo, quæ literatis omnibus spero fore gratissima. Nam ille contra me quandam Antapologiam conviciorum tantum & mendaciorum plenam emisit, in qua doceo plurimos ab eo errores & in differendi ratione, & in auctoribus interpretandis, & in historiis, & in Latino sermone fuisse commisos. Itaque respondeo, ut magis eum derideam & infariire doceam, quam ut ei maledicam, aut conviciis agitem. Nullum certe mihi dubium est, quin ex hac nostra contentione literati omnes voluptatem non mediocrem, ego gloriam, Nizolius ignominiam sit reportaturus. Eos libros si Oporinus suis typis excudere vellet, mihi sane gratissimum esset; sin minus, ad Gryphium transmittam. Quod scribis, te ad nos brevi venturum, id mihi pergratum erit: cupio enim de quibusdam rebus te coram alloqui, quæ quidem ad te pertineant, & quæ mihi literis committenda non videntur. Præterea velim etiam. &c
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LETTERS OF MEN. 127 written in the very fervor of youth, or rather of adolescence, I published not so much as hurled forth, since neither of those little works had been with me for more than four months. The Oration on the Change of Name, and the Apology in Nizolius, I was compelled by necessity to publish, in order to free myself from the taunts of malicious men. What then? I have resolved, since the die is cast, and what has been done cannot be undone, to examine more carefully and amend what has hitherto been published, and to keep with me longer what I have not yet published, and to observe Horace’s precept, and keep it back for nine years. Therefore I would have you give thanks to Oporinus in my name, because he so kindly promises me his assistance, and beg him to remain steadfast in that intention. For I have some things long since planned, but not yet polished, which when they shall seem to me sufficiently matured, as I hope will soon be the case, I have determined to send to him for printing. And meanwhile I may also perhaps correct those things which have already come into the light, if my occupations, by which I am almost overwhelmed, allow me. Farewell, and love me, as you do. Milan, the day before the Nones of January, 1548. LETTER XLI. TO FRANCESCO CICERINO. GREETING. M. Antonio Majoraigius. Lucanus, There was no need for you to excuse yourself to me by letter, or to ask pardon for a matter in which you have done absolutely nothing wrong. For what fault of yours was it, that you should recommend your own business to a friend who is devoted to you? But for that reason I did not write to you about it: first, because our Primus, when I strongly recommended you to him, told me that the people of Novara had already engaged another teacher; secondly, because I am so occupied in refuting Nizolius’ nonsense against me that I scarcely have leisure even to scratch my ears, as the proverb says. Still, as I hope, I shall soon finish that work. For, to make the matter clear to you, I am writing two books of Reprehensions against Nizolius, which are now for the greater part completed, and in them I dispute many things against him, which I hope will be most welcome to all men of letters. For he has sent forth against me a certain Antapologia, full only of insults and lies, in which I show that he has committed numerous errors, both in the manner of disputing, and in interpreting authors, and in history, and in Latin style. So I reply, not so much to abuse him as to make him ridiculous and teach him to blunder. I have certainly no doubt that from this contest of ours all men of letters will derive no small pleasure, I glory, and Nizolius disgrace. If Oporinus would print those books with his own presses, it would indeed be most welcome to me; if not, I shall send them to Gryphius. As for what you write, that you will soon come to us, that will be very pleasing to me: for I desire to speak with you in person about certain matters, which concern you, and which do not seem to me fit to be entrusted to letters. Moreover I should also wish. etc.
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te de facie cognoscere, quem ex literis mei studiosum esse jam plane cognovi. Vale. Mediolano. Kal. April. 1548. EPISTOLA XLII. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. M. Antonius Majoragius. Lucanum, Iteris tuis propter summas occupationes meas breviter respondebo. Amo istum amorem tuum & observantiam erga me, quod tam diligenter & mandata mea cures, & mecum esse vehementer velis. Sed quod tibi coram dixi, repetens iterumque iterumque monebo, Vulcaniis te armis munias oportet. Magni tibi labores proponuntur, & diurni & nocturni, sed honesta exercitatio. Magnæ difficultates, sed ampla præmia, magna servitus, sed aliquando sperata libertas. Eum ego velim, qui suo honori, non utilitati meæ, qui dignitati potius quam lucro se inservire putet, qui non præsens ingentium laborum tædium, sed futuram aliquando gloriam contempletur. Eum esse te mihi persuasi; tu fac, quod in proverbio præcipitur, in te descende, tuas vires metire, priusquam aggrediaris, diligentissime tuum animum consule, ne deinde oneri succumbas, quod tamen ego aliqua ex parte sublevabo. Verum cogita fortasse fore sæpissime, ut totum onus tibi relinquam, quod ut ferre possis etiam atque etiam vide. Habes duas tibi propositas conditiones Novocomensium, & meam, illa fortassis in præsentia tibi videbitur, & uberior, & liberior, mea vero, quemadmodum intelligere potes, te magis exornabit, quia major erit apud me tibi amplificandæ doctrinæ tuæ copia, quod unum in ista tam juvenili ætate tibi curandum est. Tu utram mavis elige, sed si me audies, apud me eris, nisi te fortasse labores immensi terrent, verum illud Platonis animo volve: o nunc dixceius nunc . Si constitueris ad nos venire, fac ut aliquanto ante sciam, ut quem habeo hypodidascalum, apud aliquem alium locare possim. Vale. Mediolano. XIII. Kal. Majas. M. D. XLVIII. EPISTOLA XLIII. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. M. Antonius Majoragius. Lucanum, Cum res tuas composueris, poteris ad nos arbitrio tuo venire. Quamvis enim nondum Antonium hypodidascalum meum dimiserim, tamen erit etiam eo præsente tibi locus apud nos, imo vero proderit, ut opinor, tibi aliquid, per aliquot dies apud me cum eo versari. Nam ille naturam meam, & vivendi rationes satis belle tenet, & ordinem præterea, quem in erudiendis pueris servari volo, quæ omnia tu facile, paucisque diebus, quod tuum est in-
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to recognize from your letters the one whom I have now clearly learned to be devoted to study. Farewell. Milan, the Kalends of April, 1548. EPISTLE XLII. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. M. Antonius Majoragius. Lucanum, I will answer your letters briefly because of my many occupations. I am pleased with that affection and regard of yours toward me, that you take such diligent care for my instructions and so strongly wish to be with me. But what I told you in person, I will repeat again and again: you must arm yourself with Vulcanian weapons. Great labors are set before you, by day and by night, but they are honorable exertions. Great difficulties, but ample rewards; great servitude, but at last the hope of freedom. I should wish for one who would think of serving his own honor, not my advantage; who would think of serving dignity rather than profit; who would contemplate not the present weariness of immense labors, but the future glory that will someday come. I have persuaded myself that you are such a man; do what is prescribed in the proverb: look within yourself, measure your powers, and before you undertake it, consult your mind most carefully, lest you afterward sink under the burden, though I shall lighten it in some measure. Yet consider that perhaps very often I shall leave the whole burden to you; see and see again that you are able to bear it. You have the two conditions proposed to you by the men of Novocomum, and mine; perhaps at present that one will seem to you both richer and freer, but mine, as you can understand, will more highly adorn you, because with me there will be greater opportunity for increasing your learning, which is the one thing you must care for at this youthful age. Choose whichever you prefer; but if you listen to me, you will be with me, unless perhaps immense labors terrify you. Yet keep that saying of Plato in mind: o nunc dixceius nunc . If you decide to come to us, let me know somewhat beforehand, so that I may place the hypodidascalus I have with someone else. Farewell. Milan, the thirteenth day before the Kalends of May, 1548. EPISTLE XLIII. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. M. Antonius Majoragius. Lucanum, When you have arranged your affairs, you may come to us at your own discretion. For although I have not yet dismissed my hypodidascalus Antonius, still even with him present there will be room for you among us; indeed, I think it will even be of some benefit to you to stay with him for a few days at my house. For he knows my nature and my way of life quite well, and, besides, the order that I wish to be observed in the education of boys, all of which you can easily learn, and in a few days, which is your
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 129 ingenium, percipies. Venies igitur ad diem constitutum, hoc est Kal. Quint nisi te fortasse aliquid impedierit, neque enim ego ita propero, ut tu hac de causa ullum capias incommodum. Scripsi ad Oporinum literas, quas ad te mitto, ut quamprimum fieri poterit, ad eum perferendas cures. Velim enim ab eo Reprehensiones meas in Nizolium excudi. Sed miror cur tibi super hac re non responderit. Vale & me ama. Mediolano. Kal. Iun. M. D. XLVIII. EPISTOLA XLIV. JOHANNI MARIÆ EX COMITIBUS. S. D. Gaudentius Merula. Sylva tandem tua reddita est mihi: quam statim acceptam legi, & eam quidem avidissime: cum quod te amem plurimum, tum quod poëticis numeris me oblectem nimis. At tua hac Sylva, quam sim lætatus, cogitari, ne dici, quidem potest. Quid rides? nonne munus mihi condecens tradi- disti? Qua re enim Merulæ quam Sylvis lætantur magis? inquam nulla. Si ergo (ut nosti jamdudum) ego Merula sum, cur tua Sylva non gaudeam, cur non oblecter, cur non fruar? luxuriat nimis. At arridet talis mihi: non sum inquam turtur incomitata, quam tædet frondentium ramorum. Tales ergo & sæpius, Antoni eruditissime, Sylvas mittas velim, ut harum per umbras volitans injuriam syrii ardentis avertam: quo opaciores miseris, tanto erunt gratiores mihi, præsertim hoc tempore, in quo muscarum & culicum agmina se passim diffundunt. Vale. EPISTOLA XLV. PAULO JOVIO. S. D. Antonius Minturnus. Romam, Ognovi ex Bacchino tui observantissimo, mei studiosissimo, non esse literas meas, quas, cum tuas accepissem, jam dedi, ad te perlatas. Quid mirum? cum enim te putem non semel ad me scripsisse, redditæ mihi sunt præter eas literarum tuarum profecto nullæ. Quod mihi quidem sane optes tot ac tantas opes, quot & quantas ne ego ipse quidem, sive auarus; sive ambitiosus in hac aurea vitæ mediocritate, ut scribis, optare possem, facis profecto amice; faciesque humanius, si ad eas comparandas (nam certo scio te posse id ipsum efficere) mihi fueris adjumento. At persuadeas tibi velim me nihil cupere, quod a mediocritate illa tantopere laudata abhorreat. Nimirum id peto, quod sane commoditatem ad mea studia perficienda, ociumque ad scribendum abunde præbeat. Neque vero cujusquam opera, neque benignitate id me spero con- secuturum, nisi tua. Quod autem te divinis Philosophiæ præceptis eruditum adeo divitem fecit fortuna, ut, quia ne plura quidem sperare debes, eam ma- R gnopere
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LETTERS OF MEN. 129 your intelligence, you will perceive. You will therefore come on the appointed day, that is, on the Kalends of Quintilis, unless perhaps something should prevent you; for I am not in such a hurry that you should incur any inconvenience on this account. I have written a letter to Oporinus, which I send to you, that you may take care to have it delivered to him as soon as possible. For I should like my Reprehensions on Nizolius to be printed by him. But I wonder why he has not replied to you on this matter. Farewell, and love me. Milan. Kalends of June, 1548. EPISTLE XLIV. TO JOHANNI MARIA OF THE COUNTS. S. D. Gaudentius Merula. Your Sylva has at last been returned to me: I read it as soon as I received it, and indeed most eagerly, both because I love you very much, and because I delight too much in poetic verses. But how greatly I rejoiced at this Sylva of yours cannot be imagined, much less said. Why do you laugh? Did you not present me with a fitting gift? For what reason does Merula delight more than Sylvae? I say none. If then (as you have long known) I am a Merula, why should I not rejoice in your Sylva, why should I not enjoy it, why should I not take pleasure in it? It luxuriates too much. But such a one pleases me: I am not, I say, an unaccompanied turtur, weary of leafy branches. Therefore send me such Sylvae, and often, most learned Antonius, so that flying through their shades I may ward off the harm of the Syrian heat: the more shady they are for wretched people, the more welcome they will be to me, especially at this time, when swarms of flies and gnats are spreading everywhere. Farewell. EPISTLE XLV. TO PAULO JOVIO. S. D. Antonius Minturnus. Rome, I have learned from Bacchino, who is most attentive to you and most devoted to me, that my letters, which I sent after receiving yours, have not been delivered to you. What wonder? For since I think that you have written to me more than once, no letters of yours have been returned to me except those certain letters of yours. You surely wish for me, I suppose, as many and as great riches as even I myself could not wish for, whether avaricious or ambitious, in this golden moderation of life, as you write, you act indeed as a friend; and you will act more kindly if you should be of assistance to me in obtaining them (for I know for certain that you can bring this very thing about). But I would have you believe that I desire nothing which departs from that moderation so highly praised. What I ask is only what may sufficiently provide me with convenience for pursuing my studies and with leisure for writing. Nor do I hope to obtain this through anyone’s efforts or kindness, except yours. But as fortune has made you so rich, instructed as you are by the divine precepts of Philosophy, that, since you ought not even to hope for anything more, she has greatly...
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130 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. gnopere non timeas, quemadmodum tibi libenter admodum gratulor, ita mihi ipsi vehementer gaudeo: quando te, quem necesse erat & opibus & authoritate plurimum valere, nequa amicis deesses, ea præditum facultate videmus, ut multis facile queas prodesse. Grata mihi est mirum in modum memoria, mei præclara frequensque tua, quam tu ipse significasti literis, Bacchinus etiam coram declaravit: gratiasque tibi ago immortaleis. Atque ut eam conserves, non quod de tua constantia dubitem, sed quia mos est rogandi, rogo. Ad illam operam velim incumbas, quam scribis te dare, ut a podagra convalescas, & quamprimum historiæ illæ tuæ optatissimæ in publicum edantur. Nam quid tristius mihi esse potest, quam te ægrotare; Quid jucundius, quam sanum esse? ut enim quod magis expectetur, quam luculentissimum opus tuum historiarum, novi plane nihil, ita arbitror nihil esse, quod hominum expectationem doctissimorum sit magis expleturum. Te vero ad maturandam editionem illud imprimis hortetur, quod post cineres, ut quidam poëta non malus ait, sera est gloria, serus honos. Etsi enim ad eam nondum senectutem pervenisti, quo minus tibi plures annos vivendum esse sperare possis, multa tamen ut nosti humanitus accidere solent, vel præter fatum, præterque naturam. Vivens, si mihi credis, optatam laborum tuorum gloriam repetes. Omitto illam epistolæ tuæ partem, quod in Italia veræ virtuti non sit certus locus apud Principes relictus. Neque enim co in statu illa est, quem cum aliud agam, possim aut debeam deplorare. Nec si privatim quanlibet magno volumine deplorem, sane sperem me quippiam profecturum. Veterem ea res habet querelam, & quidem inanem. Ingenium meum nihil est quod admireris. Posses quidem fortasse laudare, si Romæ, hoc est in ipsa luce me videres. Reguli mei te amant, salutemque tibi plurimum dicunt. Vale. Datum Messanæ pridie Kalendas Julias. EPISTOLA XLVI. Al Signore Giovanni Meursio. a Leida, Voi veramente non mi protevate dar avviso di maggior consolatione, di quello, che mi arrecano le vostre gentilissime lettre dell' ultimo di Settembre passato, cioè, che mi doniate l'honore d'havervi potuto persuadere ad intraprendere fatica propria della virtù, e valor vostro, utile alli stati liberi, e di vostra eterna gloria. Il perfectionare prima le altre opere, alle quali havete già posta mano, è molto ben ragionevole, ne io ardirei pregarvi in contrario, anzi tengo, che possino esse servirvi assai per ammassar materia da valervi nelli commentarii sopra Tucidide, specialmente quella, de legibus Atheniensium, presupponendo massime, che voi state, Monsignore, non per portare le nude leggi, ma il tempo, l'occassione, et il perche fu ogni una di esse fatta, gli auttori, il fine loro, l'uso, l'abrogatione, l'effetto che partorirono, l'equità, e l'ingiustitia di ciascuna di esse, e mille altre belle cose, che intorno
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130 THE ILLUSTRIOUS AND MOST LEARNED. Do not be greatly afraid; just as I most gladly congratulate you, so I myself rejoice exceedingly, since we see that you, whom it was necessary to be of the greatest power both in resources and in authority, so that you might not be lacking to your friends, are endowed with such ability that you can easily benefit many. Your frequent and splendid remembrance of me is wonderfully dear to me, which you yourself indicated in your letter, and Baccinus also declared in person; and I give you immortal thanks for it. And in order that you may preserve that regard, not because I doubt your constancy, but because it is customary to ask, I ask it of you. I would wish you to apply yourself to that task which you write that you are undertaking, so that you may recover from the gout, and that as soon as possible those most desired histories of yours may be published. For what could be more sorrowful to me than that you should be ill? What more pleasant than that you should be well? For since, above all else, I know nothing now to be expected more than your most brilliant work of histories, I am wholly of the opinion that there is nothing that will more fully satisfy the expectation of learned men. Let this above all encourage you to hasten the publication: that after the ashes, as some not-bad poet says, glory is late, honor is late. For although you have not yet reached such an age that you cannot hope to live many more years, many things, as you know, happen in human affairs, even contrary to fate and contrary to nature. Living, if you believe me, you will recover the glory your labors deserve. I pass over that part of your letter, that in Italy there is no assured place left among princes for true virtue. For in that condition it is not something I can, while doing other things, either lament or ought to lament. Nor if I lamented it privately, however at length, would I in truth hope to accomplish anything. It is an old complaint, and indeed an empty one. My talent is nothing for you to admire. Perhaps you might praise it, if you saw me at Rome, that is, in the full light. My little men love you and send you many greetings. Farewell. Dated at Messina, the day before the Kalends of July. EPISTLE XLVI. To Signor Giovanni Meursio. from Leiden, You could truly not have given me notice of greater consolation than that which your most gracious letter of the last of September brought me, namely, that you grant me the honor of having been able to persuade you to undertake a work proper to your virtue and your worth, useful to free states, and to your eternal glory. To complete first the other works on which you have already set your hand is very reasonable, nor would I dare to ask you otherwise; indeed I hold that they can serve you very well to amass material for your commentaries on Thucydides, especially that on the laws of the Athenians, supposing above all, my Lord, that you will not set down the bare laws, but the time, the occasion, and the reason why each of them was made, their authors, their purpose, their use, their abrogation, the effect they produced, the equity and injustice of each of them, and a thousand other fine things, which concerning
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 131 no a materia tanto amata, e tanto degna, possino venire dal vostro cultivatissimo ingegno, e che corrispondano alla gran virtù vostra. Monsignor Benifacio non solo vi ama, ma nelle vostre opere ammira il vostro valore: questi giorni appunto mi dice, haver con suo molto gusto letta la vostra bellissima Historia, & haverne riportato utile; le vostre, Monsignore, & il vostro tratto de gloria m'arrivano desideratissimamente, e supremamente cari, li leggerò ben avidamente, & non una sol volta, trà tanto venere rendo affectuosissime gratie, come anco di quegli altri libretti, che mi avisate haver cosignati al nostro Elzevir accio di Fracofurto mel' invii, come pur spero, che sia per fare, non havendo di lui havuto nuova alcuna, da che egli parti dicosti, il che mi fa star con qualche gelessia di sua salute, per il desiderio, che tengo di suo bene, già sapendo quanto sia pericoloso il viaggiare, specialmente per l'Alemagna al presente; se vi potrà, Monsignore, reuscire d'haver quel di più delle vostre nobilissime fatiche, che stareno notate nel foglio, che già v'inviai, riceverò per sommo favore, che a parte, a parte me le andiate tramettendo col mezzo del Signor Residente Suriano; desiderando io sommamente, che questa mia Biblioteca resti adorna in particolare di tutte le vostre opere senza che pur una venemanchi. Farò che quanto prima vi capiti il Catalogo de' libri greci, che nella publica bibliotheca si ritrovano; li quali però non sono tutti quelli, che dal Cardinal Benevone furono lasciati nella serenissima Republica, perche molti delli Migliori si ritrovano transportati in Spagna riposti nella libraria Regia all' Escuriale, rubati da un scelerato infame, Ambassiadore Spagnuolo nominato Don Diego Hurtado di Mendozaza, il quale havendo havuta cortese licenza da Signori, a quali era raccomandata la cura della Bibliotheca, di poter entrar, & uscir a suo piacere per leggere, e studiare, non essendo da ministri assistito, perche non si presupponeva in luomo di sua conditione una bassezza tale, in diverse volte levando dalle tavole incatenate le codici, e riponendovi carta da straccio, si portò il buono el migliore; senza che per all' bora, e per qualche tempo dopo alcuno sene auvedesse, nè si sarebbe per auventura creduto il furto fatto da lui, se il fatto stesso non lo palesava, e non lo palesi tuttavia, e per adesso, e per sempre con eterna sua infamia, mentre si vedono le codici con il nome & segno di Benevone nella libraria dell' Escuriale. Il Padre Maestro Paolo caramente la risaluta, come io Monsignore vi prego felicità, è contento Di Venetia li III. Novembre 1622. Vostro affettionatissimo, e Cordialissimo servo. DOMENICO MOLINO. R 2 EPISTO-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 131 that from so beloved and so worthy a subject, they may come from your most cultivated mind, and that they may correspond to your great virtue. Monsignor Benifacio not only loves you, but in your works admires your worth: just these days he told me that he had read your most beautiful History with great pleasure, and had derived benefit from it; yours, Monsignor, and your glorious work come to me most desirably and are supremely dear; I shall read them very eagerly, and not only once. Meanwhile I render you most affectionate thanks, as also for those other little books, which you tell me you have entrusted to our Elzevir so that he may send them to me from Frankfurt, as I also hope he will do, since I have had no news of him since he departed from there, which makes me remain somewhat anxious about his health, from the desire I have for his well-being, already knowing how dangerous traveling is, especially through Germany at present; if you can, Monsignor, manage to have that further part of your most noble labors, which will be noted on the sheet I already sent you, I shall receive it as a great favor, if you will kindly send them to me little by little through Signor Resident Suriano; I greatly desire that this my Library remain adorned in particular with all your works, without even one missing. I shall see that as soon as possible the Catalog of the Greek books found in the public library reaches you; these, however, are not all those which Cardinal Benevone left to the most serene Republic, because many of the best were taken to Spain and placed in the Royal library at the Escurial, stolen by a wicked and infamous criminal, the Spanish Ambassador named Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, who, having courteously obtained permission from the Lords to whom the care of the Library had been entrusted, to enter and leave at his pleasure in order to read and study, without being accompanied by attendants, because such baseness was not presumed in a man of his condition, on several occasions, taking the chained codices from the tables and putting scraps of paper in their place, carried off the best and finest; and not at the time, nor for some time after, did anyone notice it, nor would the theft perhaps have been believed to have been done by him, had not the deed itself revealed it, and does not still reveal it, both now and forever, to his eternal infamy, since the codices are seen with Benevone’s name and mark in the library of the Escurial. Father Maestro Paolo sends her his warm greetings, as I, Monsignor, pray you happiness. From Venice, the III. of November 1622. Your most affectionate and most cordial servant. DOMENICO MOLINO. R 2 EPISTO-
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132 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA XLVII. MARIUS NIZOLIUS. S. D. 'M. Antonio Majoragio. Ego te, mi Majoragi, cum primum cognovi Mediolani, tecumque amicitiam junxi, jam tum coepti vehementer diligere, propter raram quandam ingenii, doctrinæ & eloquentiæ præstantiam, quæ mihi in te jam juvene jam tum elucere videbatur. Postea vero quam legi libellum tuum pro Cicero ne compositum adversus ineptas illas Cælii Calcagnini calumnias, non tibi possum verbis explicare, quam in immensum aucta fuit mea illa pristina erga te bene volentia, & quam præclaram de doctrina eloquentiaque tua opinionem concepi. Itaque tametsi antea te magnopere laudare consueveram, tamen postea ita loqui, & de te & de scriptis tuis coepti, ut paucos admodum in Latine scribendo hac nostra ætate tecum conferendos censerem, usque adeo mihi oratio tua videbatur Latina, copiosa, varia, vehemens, atque ut omnia duobus verbis complectar, plane Ciceroniana; & in hoc tam præclaro ac singulari de eruditione tua judicio tandiu perseveravi, donec ad manus meas pervenit alter libellus tuus Antiparadoxon inscriptus, quem adversus divina illa Ciceronis Paradoxa, ut tibi verum dicam, mihi non edidisse, sed evomuisse visus es: nam per Deos immortales quid tibi in mentem venit, mi Majoragi, in sacrosanctum eloquentiæ Latinæ Parentem, quem paulo ante defenderas, tam inconsiderate, ne dicam tam temere, tamque impudenter invehi? quid tibi quæso accidit, ut repente totum dicendi genus atque omnem orationis formam mutaris? ubi tua illa sermonis puritas? ubi orationis gravitas. Ubi veritas, ubi decor? profecto ut legi libellum illum, atque adeo interlegendum sic affectus & graviter offensus fui, tum indignitate rei ipsius, tum etiam orationis tuæ quasi quadam degeneratione, ut parum absuerit, quin calamum statim in manum sumerem, & quemadmodum tu pro Cicerone adversus Calcagninum, sic ego pro eodem adversum te quanta maxima possem acerbitate scriberem. Et me Hercule ita fecissem, nisi me continuisset tum veteris amicitiæ nostræ ratio, quam maxime salvam esse cupio, tum quod arbitror te potius juvenili quodam impetu, quam certo ullo judicio ad Ciceronem tam inique lacerandum descendisse; tum etiam quod in summo, ut mihi videris, vitio nonnihil tamen pudoris admiscuisti, non enim te ipsum, sed pueros vel adolescentes quosdam induxisti disputantes, hoc opinor, consilio, ut cum excusatione aliqua peccares, & minus impudenter impudens esse videreris. His itaque de causis factum est, ut te non tanquam inimicum edito libello inimice refutandum, sed tanquam amicum perliteras familiares amice reprehendendum, & quasi admonendum putarim, atque hanc in partem quæcunque adversus te scribam, ut accipias te etiam atque etiam oro, non enim ut te refellere, sed ut Ciceronem tuerer, hæc nunc scribere sum ingressus, quanquam tanta est Ciceronis laus & gloria,
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132 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA XLVII. MARIUS NIZOLIUS. S. D. To M. Antonio Majoragio. I first knew you, my Majoragi, when I met you in Milan and formed an acquaintance with you; even then I had already begun greatly to esteem you, because of a certain rare excellence of talent, learning, and eloquence, which I then seemed to see shining forth in you even while you were still young. Later, however, when I read your little book written in defense of Cicero against those foolish calumnies of Caelius Calcagninus, I cannot express to you in words how immensely my former good will toward you increased, and what a splendid opinion I formed of your learning and eloquence. And so, although before that I had been accustomed to praise you highly, afterward I began to speak both of you and of your writings in such a way that I judged very few in our age could be compared with you in Latin writing, so much did your style seem to me Latin, copious, varied, vigorous, and, to sum everything up in two words, thoroughly Ciceronian. And in this most excellent and remarkable judgment of your erudition I continued for so long, until another little book of yours, entitled Antiparadoxon, came into my hands, which, to tell you the truth, seemed to me not so much to have been published as vomited forth against those divine Paradoxes of Cicero. For by the immortal gods, what came into your mind, my Majoragi, to hurl yourself so inconsiderately, not to say so recklessly and shamelessly, against the sacred Parent of Latin eloquence, whom you had defended a little before? What, I ask you, happened to you that you suddenly changed your whole manner of speaking and every form of discourse? Where is that purity of your language? Where is the dignity of your style? Where truth, where propriety? Indeed, when I read that little book, and rather while I was reading it, I was so affected and deeply offended, both by the unworthiness of the thing itself and by what was almost a degeneration in your style, that I was nearly moved at once to take up my pen and, just as you had written for Cicero against Calcagninus, so to write for the same Cicero against you with all the bitterness I could. And by Hercules, I would have done so, had I not been restrained both by the consideration of our old friendship, which I am most anxious to keep intact, and also because I believe that you descended to so unjust an attack on Cicero rather from some youthful impulse than from any certain judgment; and also because, in what seems to me your gravest fault, you nevertheless mingled in a little shame, for you did not introduce yourself but certain boys or young men as the speakers, I suppose with this intention, that you might offend with some excuse and seem less shameless in your shamelessness. For these reasons, therefore, it came about that I judged you should not be refuted like an enemy with a published book, but rather reproved kindly as a friend by private letters, and, as it were, admonished; and I beg you again and again to take whatever I write against you in this spirit, for I have now undertaken to write not in order to refute you, but to defend Cicero, although such is the praise and glory of Cicero,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 133 gloria, ut nec impugnatione tua minui, nec propugnatione mea major fieri possit; sed nolo existimes, magnum aliquid a te in istis tuis Antiparadoxis esse factum. Atque ut statim intelligas, quibus objectionibus tuis hic sim respon- surus, primo tibi ostendam uno in loco Paradoxa illa omnia simul esse Socratica, quod tu diversis in locis negas, & contrarium probare adniteris. De- inde te admonebo, ne posthac tam leviter pronuntiare audeas Ciceronem & re- liquos oratores in disserendi ratione tum esse inferiores, ut tu dicis, Aristote- le & Peripateticis tuis; ad quos nuper nescio quo errore ductus relictis orato- ribus tanquam transfuga defecisti, & ex oratore, ut mihi videbaris, gravi, factus es Dialecticus nugax, ne dicam barbarus. Atque ut cognoscas quan- tum lucri feceris in legendis tam diligenter Dialecticorum libris, ut te jactas, etiam nonnullos errores tuos in Grammatica, atque adeo in primis literarum rudimentis quasi corrolarium quoddam in fine adjungam. De his igitur nunc ad te sumus scripturi, de ceteris vero, quæ ad veritatem vel falsitatem Parado- xorum pertinent, & adversus argumenta Ciceronis a te dicuntur, alio loco scribere cogitamus, hoc est, in explanatione Paradoxorum, quam differre volumus tandiu, dum ad hæc respondeas; si modo respondere volueris: nam si primos hos tanquam ictus repellere poteris, facile reliquos quoque te repel- lere & evitare posse arbitrabor. Sed ut ad rem aliquando veniam, quonam potissimum argumento probari potest Paradoxa illa esse Socratica? Hoc opi- nor vel uno, quod Diogenes Laërtius in proemio ὑπι οἰλοσίφων ἰσοπιας aperte ostendit, omnem Stoicorum sectam ac disciplinam a Socrate primo au- thore & tanquam parente originem duxisse: nam ut ille ibi diserte narrat, Chrysippus is, qui fulcire porticum Stoicorum putatus est, auditor fuit Cleanthis, Cleanthes Zenonis, Zeno Cratis, Crates Diogenis, Diogenes Anthe- nis, Antisthenes vero Socratis, ut ab uno Socrate sine ulla controversia pri- mo Cynicos deinde Stoicos manasse constet. Neque solus Antisthenes So- cratem audivit, sed etiam alii complures, a quibus singulis singulæ philoso- phorum quasi familiæ ortæ sunt, ut Academici veteres & Peripatetici a Pla- tone, Cyrenaici ab Aristippo, Megerici ab Euclide, Elidenses a Phedone, & alii ab aliis, qui tamen omnes communi nomine, ut Laërtius inquit, ap- pellati fuere Socratici. Id quod M. Tullius, quasi tuas istas calumnias jam tum prævidens, & tibi respondere volens, ipse quoque confirmat in tertio de oratore libro his verbis. Nam cum plures essent orti fere a Socrate, quod ex illius variis & diversis & in omnem partem diffusis disputationibus alius aliud apprehenderas, proseminata sunt quasi familiæ dissentientes inter se, & mul- tum disjunctæ ac dispares, cum tamen omnes se philosophos Socraticos & dici vellent, & esse arbitrarentur, ac primo ab ipso Platone Aristoteles & Xenocra- tes, quorum alter Peripateticorum alter Academicorum nomen obtinuit. Dein- de ab Antisthene; qui patientiam & duritiam in Socratico Sermone maxime adamaras, Cynici primum, deinde Stoici; tum ab Aristippo, quem illa ma- gis disputationes voluptaria delectarunt, Cyrenaica Philosophia manavit, &c R 3 Paulo
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LETTERS OF MEN. 133 glory, so that it can be diminished neither by your attack nor made greater by my defense; but I do not want you to think that anything great has been done by you in those Anti-Paradoxes of yours. And so that you may at once understand what objections of yours I shall be answering here, I will first show you that in one place all those Paradoxes are together Socratic, which you deny in different places and strive to prove the contrary. Next I shall warn you not hereafter to dare to declare so lightly that Cicero and the rest of the orators are inferior in the art of disputing, as you say, to Aristotle and your Peripatetics; to whom, led I know not by what error, you have lately deserted, forsaking the orators like a renegade, and from an orator, as I seemed to myself, grave as you were, you have become a trifling dialectician, not to say a barbarian. And so that you may realize how much profit you have made by reading the books of the Dialecticians so diligently, as you boast, I shall append at the end also some of your errors in Grammar, and indeed in the very first elements of letters, as a kind of corollary. About these things, then, we are now going to write to you; but concerning the rest, which pertain to the truth or falsehood of the Paradoxes, and concerning what is said by you against Cicero’s arguments, we think to write elsewhere, namely, in the explanation of the Paradoxes, which we wish to defer until such time as you answer these points, if only you are willing to answer; for if you can repel these first blows, I shall easily judge that you will also be able to repel and avoid the others. But to come at last to the matter, by what argument above all can it be proved that those Paradoxes are Socratic? I think by this one at least: that Diogenes Laërtius clearly shows in the proem to the Lives of the Philosophers that the whole sect and doctrine of the Stoics derived its origin from Socrates as first author and, as it were, parent. For, as he expressly relates there, Chrysippus, who was thought to support the porch of the Stoics, was a pupil of Cleanthes, Cleanthes of Zeno, Zeno of Crates, Crates of Diogenes, Diogenes of Antisthenes, and Antisthenes of Socrates; so that it is beyond dispute that from the one Socrates first the Cynics and then the Stoics sprang. Nor did Antisthenes alone hear Socrates, but also many others, from each of whom separately there arose, as it were, distinct families of philosophers, such as the Old Academics and the Peripatetics from Plato, the Cyrenaics from Aristippus, the Megarians from Euclides, the Elians from Phaedo, and others from others, who nevertheless were all called by the common name, as Laërtius says, Socratics. This point Marcus Tullius also confirms in the third book On the Orator, as though foreseeing your calumnies and wishing to answer you, in these words: For when many had arisen, almost all from Socrates, because from his various and diverse disputations, spread in every direction, one had grasped one thing and another another, there sprang up, as it were, families dissenting among themselves and greatly separated and unlike, though all wished to be called and considered themselves Socratic philosophers; and first from Plato himself came Aristotle and Xenocrates, of whom one obtained the name of the Peripatetics and the other of the Academics. Then from Antisthenes, who especially loved endurance and hardness in Socratic discourse, first the Cynics, then the Stoics; then from Aristippus, whom those more voluptuous discussions delighted, the Cyrenaic philosophy flowed forth, etc. R 3 Further
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134 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Paulo post. Fuerunt etiam alia genera philosophorum, qui se omnes Socraticos esse dicerent: & quæ sequuntur. Hæc sunt verba Ciceronis, quibus ferè idem dicit, quod Laërtius, ut nemini jam dubium esse possit; quin Stoici vere Socratici & sunt, & appellari debeant. Quod cum ita sit, qui possunt, obsecro, Stoicorum Paradoxa non esse Socratica? nisi forte existimas Stoicos philosophos quidem Socraticos fuisse, sed Socratis sententias & dogmata non secutos; quod quam sit absurdum nemo non videt. At, inquis, Plato in Dialogis fuis inducit Socratem dicentem plane contraria iis, quæ Cicero & Stoici in Paradoxis probant; ergo Paradoxa non sunt Socratica. Hæc est enim tua conclusio, quæ tum demum fortassis esset vera, mi Majoragi, si sententiæ Socratis a nemine alio literis proditæ fuissent, nisi a Platone, & si Socrates ipse nunquam pugnantia inter se, sed sibi consentanea semper dixisset. Sed neutrum horum verum est, constat enim & Antisthenem, & Xenophontem, & Aristippum & complures alios Socratis dicta monumentis literarum mandasse, & in Socratis sermonibus multam discrepantiam adversitatemque fuisse, ut non sit mirum tam diversas inter se & contrarias philosophorum sectas ab eodem esse ortas. Itaque si quæ Socrates apud Platonem loquitur, contraria sunt iis, quæ Cicero in Paradoxis scribit, id non continuo Ciceronis vitium esse existimari debet, sed vel Socratis ipsius, qui non convenientia sibi ipsis, sed plurimum dissidentia inter se loquebatur; vel certe Platonis, qui Socratem ea differentem facit in Dialogis fuis, quæ ille fortasse nunquam differuit, in quorum numero sunt Ideæ separatæ quæ vocantur, quas Plato attribuit Socrati, cum tamen Socrates nunquam posuerit Ideas separatas, ut testatur Aristoteles in tertio decimo libro, capite quarto, quod cum ita sit, quid mirum, si eidem quoque tribuit multa alia, quæ ille fortassis nunquam ne somniavit quidem? His igitur quæ hactenus dicta sunt, arbitror satis constare, id quod initio me probaturum pollicitus fueram, nempe Paradoxa illa omnia esse Socratica, ut rectissime dixit Cicero, teque id iniquissime negasse, prorsusque incassum laborasse in colligendis tot Platonis exemplis, ut contrarium probares. Non enim Plato est, ut tu putas, , in cujus doctrina tam leviter recipienda vide quantum decipiaris. Georgius Trapezuntius vir Græcus universam Platonis doctrinam tribus libris refutat, tanquam fallam vanam & inutilem, tu vir Latinus eandem irreprehensibilem facis, & sacris scripturis nostris pene adæquas. Qua quidem in re quantum mihi errare videaris in enarratione Paradoxorum postea tibi monstrabo. Nunc audi quod sequitur: Cicero, inquis, in differendi ratione longe inferior est Aristotele & Peripateticis. Sed dic mihi quam ob causam? an quod nullum est ejus argumentum in Paradoxis recte conclusum, ut tu ais? at ego tibi postea copiosius respondebo in explanandis Paradoxis, nunc tantum dico te non intelligere vim argumentorum Ciceronis, & quia non conclusa sunt more Dialecticorum, hoc est barbaræ & imperite, putas ea nihil valere. Non intelligis, quæ aut qualis sit propositio singularum Paradoxorum, non cognoscis
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134 MOST CLEAR AND LEARNED. A little later. There were also other kinds of philosophers who all said that they were Socratic, and what follows. These are Cicero’s words, in which he says almost the same thing as Laertius, so that now there can be no doubt that the Stoics truly are and ought to be called Socratic. Since this is so, how, I ask, can the Stoic Paradoxes not be Socratic? Unless perhaps you think that the Stoics were indeed Socratic philosophers, but did not follow the opinions and doctrines of Socrates; which absurdity no one does not see. But, you say, Plato in his Dialogues introduces Socrates speaking plainly contrary to those things which Cicero and the Stoics approve in the Paradoxes; therefore the Paradoxes are not Socratic. For this is your conclusion, which perhaps would then be true, my Majoragius, if the opinions of Socrates had been handed down in writing by no one else except Plato, and if Socrates himself had never said things at variance with one another, but always only things in agreement with himself. But neither of these is true; for it is established that both Antisthenes and Xenophon and Aristippus and many others committed the sayings of Socrates to writing, and that in Socrates’ conversations there was much discrepancy and opposition, so that it is no wonder that such different and contrary schools of philosophers arose from the same man. Therefore, if the things Socrates says in Plato are contrary to those which Cicero writes in the Paradoxes, that should not immediately be judged to be Cicero’s fault, but either Socrates’ own, since he spoke not things agreeing with themselves but rather very much at variance with one another; or certainly Plato’s, who makes Socrates say in his Dialogues things that perhaps he never said at all—among which are the so-called separate Ideas, which Plato attributes to Socrates, although Socrates never posited separate Ideas, as Aristotle testifies in book thirteen, chapter four. Since this is so, what wonder is it if he also attributes to him many other things which he perhaps never even dreamed of? By these things, then, which have so far been said, I think it is sufficiently established what I promised at the beginning to prove, namely that all those Paradoxes are Socratic, as Cicero most rightly said, and that you denied this most unjustly, and labored entirely in vain in collecting so many examples from Plato in order to prove the contrary. For it is not Plato, as you think, in whose doctrine you should so lightly trust, seeing how much you are deceived. George of Trebizond, a Greek man, refutes the whole doctrine of Plato in three books, as false, vain, and useless; you, a Latin man, make the same doctrine irreproachable, and almost equate it with our sacred scriptures. In this matter how greatly I think you err in your exposition of the Paradoxes, I shall later show you. Now hear what follows: Cicero, you say, in the manner of argument is far inferior to Aristotle and the Peripatetics. But tell me for what reason? Is it because no argument of his in the Paradoxes is rightly concluded, as you say? But I shall answer you more fully later when explaining the Paradoxes; now I say only that you do not understand the force of Cicero’s arguments, and because they are not concluded in the manner of the Dialecticians—that is, in a barbarous and ignorant way—you think they are worth nothing. You do not understand what the proposition of each of the Paradoxes is, nor do you know
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 135 scis rationes, nec vides quo referantur, denique nec conclusiones ipsas mihi satis percipere videris, sed de hoc postea ut dixi; nunc scire velim ate, quid habent Dialectici ac philosophi, quamobrem melius disserant aut disserere possint, quam Oratores? an argumentationes? at Oratores decem argumentationum genera docent & usurpant, quas omnes copiosissime tradit Georgius Trapezuntius in tertio Rhetoricæ suo libro. Dialectici vero tantum quatuor noverunt, hoc est syllogismum, inductionem, enthymema & exemplum, quorum prima duo sibi retinent, reliqua autem duo postrema oratoribus relinquent, cum tamen ea Oratores pro argumentationibus non agnoscant, sed pro argumentis, ut aperte ostendit Hermogenes in capitibus qui , ut omittam interim syllogismum & inductionem, quæ argumentationes non minus Oratorum sunt, quam Dialecticorum; quin Oratores, cum enthymema & exemplum pro explicationibus argumentorum non agnoscant, ut dixi, ipsi quoque sibi vendicant syllogismum & inductionem, tanquam proprias argu- mentationes, ut ait M. Tullius in primo de inventione. Omnis, inquit, Ar- gumentatio aut per inductionem tractanda est; aut per ratiocinationem; quod cum ita sit, quomodo non absurde mentiuntur Logici? cum enthymema & exemplum argumentationum loco tribuunt Oratoribus? & syllogismum indu- ctionemque adimunt? Omni Majoragi, quam vehementer errasti, cum ita animum induxisti tuum, ut sine ulla consideratione ac judicio Dialecticorum ina- nes nugas & figmenta reciperes. Non igitur quod ad argumentationes atti- net, Oratores Dialecticis sunt inferiores. Sed an forte melius noverunt atque usurpant argumenta Dialectici quam Oratores? nihil minus: nam utrique habent locos, ex quibus argumenta promuntur, ut facile videre licet apud Ciceronem in secundo de oratore, & in topicis, & apud Aristotelem in secundo rhetori- corum, & apud Trapezuntium in libro supra citato, quare si subsidia & auxi- lia, quæ ad bene differendum requiruntur, inspicere velimus, non video cau- sam cur alteri alteris superiores vel inferiores statui debeant. Illud quidem certe non ignoro, præcepta Rhetorum multo esse clariora & intelligibiliora, Diale- cticorum spinosiora, duriora, obscuriora, ut sæpe qui ea tradiderunt non sa- tis intellexisse videantur. Nihil dico de proponendis quæstionibus, de eisdem dividendis, de rationibus excogitandis, de confirmationibus ratjonum adden- dis, & postremo de inferendis enthymematibus, quos Latini, non ut Logici, im- perfectos syllogismos, sed expositiones vocant, de quibus omnibus quam multa, Dii boni, pulcherrima & utilissima præcipiunt Rhetores, quam nulla vel quam paucissima, eaque scrupulosa & inutilia Logici. His igitur ego rationibus ad- ductus, mi Majoragi, arbitror Oratores in bene differendo non modo non esse inferiores Dialecticis & Philosophis tuis; sed etiam illis superiores. Atque hoc ita esse re ipsa ostendam in disputationibus meis, quas jam adversus Diale- cticos & Philosophos institui, vide quam sumus concordes. Tu Oratores, ego Philosophos bene differendi rationem ignorare arbitror. Quod si uter nostrum rectius sentiat, experiri volueris, in hac ipsa disputatione, quam nunc insti- tutam
Transcription: Translated (English)
LETTERS OF MEN. 135 you know the reasons, and do not see to what they are referred; in short, you do not seem to me to grasp even the conclusions themselves sufficiently; but of this later, as I said. For now I should like to know from you what the Dialecticians and philosophers have that makes them speak or reason better than Orators? Is it arguments? But Orators teach and use ten kinds of argumentation, all of which Georgius Trapezuntius treats most fully in the third book of his Rhetoric. Dialecticians, however, know only four: namely, the syllogism, induction, enthymeme, and example, of which they keep the first two for themselves, while the last two they leave to Orators, although Orators do not recognize them as argumentations, but as arguments, as Hermogenes clearly shows in the chapters qui , to say nothing for the moment of syllogism and induction, which are no less the argumentations of Orators than of Dialecticians; indeed Orators, since they do not recognize enthymeme and example as explanations of arguments, as I said, also claim for themselves syllogism and induction, as their own proper argumentations, as M. Tullius says in the first book On Invention. “All argumentation,” he says, “must be handled either by induction or by ratiocination.” Since this is so, how do Logicians not speak absurdly when they assign enthymeme and example to Orators in place of argumentations, while taking away syllogism and induction? O Majoragi, how greatly you have erred when you so persuaded yourself that, without any consideration or judgment, you would accept empty trifles and figments from the Dialecticians. Therefore, so far as argumentation is concerned, Orators are not inferior to Dialecticians. But are arguments perhaps better known and used by Dialecticians than by Orators? Not in the least. For both have topics, from which arguments are drawn, as may easily be seen in Cicero, in the second book On the Orator and in the Topics, and in Aristotle, in the second book of the Rhetoric, and in Trapezuntius, in the book cited above. Wherefore, if we wish to examine the aids and resources required for speaking well, I do not see why one should be judged superior or inferior to the other. This much, indeed, I certainly do not ignore: that the precepts of the Rhetoricians are much clearer and more intelligible, those of the Dialecticians more prickly, harsher, more obscure, so that often those who handed them down seem not to have understood them well enough themselves. I say nothing of proposing questions, dividing them, devising reasons, adding confirmations of reasons, and finally drawing enthymemes, which the Latins, unlike the Logicians, call not imperfect syllogisms but expositions; concerning all of these, good gods, how many beautiful and useful things the Rhetoricians lay down, and how few, or how very few, and those too scrupulous and useless, the Logicians. Moved therefore by these reasons, my dear Majoragi, I think that Orators, in speaking well, are not only not inferior to your Dialecticians and philosophers; they are even superior to them. And I shall show by the facts themselves that this is so, in the disputations which I have now undertaken against the Dialecticians and philosophers—see how well we agree. You think that Orators are ignorant of the method of speaking well; I, of philosophers. If you wish to test which of us thinks more rightly, in this very disputation, which is now being undertaken
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. tutam habemus, facile voti composes: ego enim Oratores tantum in differendi ratione mihi sequendos imitandosque proposui; tu si contra Dialecticos imitaberis, ut certe imitaris, senties, ut spero, quam inanem, non dico differendi, sed nugandi & garriendi disciplinam sis complexus. Sed de hoc quoque satis. Nunc audi errores tuos in Grammaticis, ut intelligas quam parum sis idoneus, & aptus ad Ciceronem reprehendendum, cum linguam Latinam nondum satis didicisse videaris. Sed hujus certe nocumenti, inquis, si modo &c. No- cumentum usurpas tanquam Latinum, sed die mihi cur magis tibi nocumen- tum, quam alteri cuipiam treguam & gueram usurpare liceat? tum sic ais, cum eo qui patrem paricidiose vita privavis. Ubi quælo invenisti tu adverbium il- lud, paricidiose? an apud Ciceronem? minime. An apud alium quempiam idoneum scriptorem? nequaquam. An apud Pseudolexicon aliquod? ita est, nam sine ulla consideratione ac judicio vocem illam a Thesauro Stephaniano recepisti. Rursus inquis, sed libet aliquas hujus capitis clausulas examinare, ut &c. Clausulas hic appellas, quas Latini appellant membra orationis. Nam clausula proprie est ultima pars membri; quanquam utra pro ultima parte cujuscunque rei frequenter ponatur. Item ex quatuor verbis Græcis tu unum facis Latinum, idque ex capite tuo sine cujusquam authoritate. Nam quod græci dicunt tu ; tu Metaphysica vocas. Mitto, quod tot in locis ita locutus fueris ut dixeris. Non verum est quod, & dico quod, & scio quod, & puto quod. Qui loquendi modus haud scio, quam sit Latinus. Nam cum verbum, quod, pro quia resolvi potest, tum recte dici fateor, cum ve- ro non potest, barbara locutio mihi videtur, vel saltem non ita præ se ferens germanam illam latinitatam. Prætereo etiam illa, adducere rationes pro eo, quod est proferre. Operari pro facere vel agere, agritudinem pro morbo, idem esse cum illo, pro, idem esse quod illud Et alia multa hujusmodi, quæ indicant te, vel nullum vel certe perquam modicum habere verborum delectum, & non nimis considerare, quæ nomina cum quibus verbis jungas, aut denique quo modo loquare. Illud tamen prætermittere nolo, quod te tantum Ciceronis reprehensorem arguit, nescire adhuc quid sit Enthymema. Ais enim. Nam quid absurdius erit hoc enthymemate tuo? si conformetur in hunc modum. Peccatum est in eo, quod non licet, ergo quod non licet neque majus neque minus fieri potest. Hanc tu argumentationem bipartitam vocas enthymema: sed quemadmodum tu a Cicerone quæris, an a Diodoro suo sic argumentari didicerit, sic ego a te scire velim, an a Burleo tuo enthymemata facere sic didiceris. Non enim Cicero sic te docet, non Quintilianus, non Hermogenes, non denique Aristoteles, qui in secundo priorum Analyticorum, definiens enthymema, ait esse syllogismum imperfectum ex signis & probabilibus. Et imperfectio- nem illam, non quemadmodum vos Logiculietiam Græci, ad numerum propo- positionum refert, sed ad materiam non necessario, sed probabiliter tantum concludentem, itaque hoc est verum & germanum enthymema. Pittacus est justus, Pittacus est sapiens, ergo omnes sapientes sunt justi. Sic Aristoteles en- thyme-
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VERY CLEAR AND LEARNED. we have a safe course; you will easily attain your wish: for I have proposed to myself to follow and imitate the Orators only in the manner of speaking at length; but if you imitate the Dialecticians instead, as you certainly do imitate them, you will feel, I hope, how empty—not to say the discipline—of discoursing, but of babbling and chattering, you have embraced. But enough of this too. Now hear your errors in Grammar, so that you may understand how little suited and fit you are to find fault with Cicero, since you do not yet seem to have learned Latin sufficiently. But of this harm, you say, if only etc. You use Nocumentum as though it were Latin; but tell me why you should more be allowed to use nocumentum than anyone else should be allowed to use treguam and gueram? Then thus you say, when dealing with one who had deprived his father of life by parricide. Where, I ask, did you find that adverb, paricidiose? In Cicero? Certainly not. In any other suitable writer? Not at all. In some Pseudolexicon? That is so; for without any consideration or judgment you took that word from the Stephanian Thesaurus. Again you say, but I would like to examine some clauses of this chapter, so that etc. Here you call clauses what the Latins call membra orationis. For properly a clausula is the last part of a member; though either term is often used for the last part of anything whatsoever. Likewise, from four Greek words you make one Latin word, and that from your own head, without anyone’s authority. For what the Greeks say tu, you call Metaphysica. I pass over the fact that in so many places you have spoken thus as to say, It is not true that, and I say that, and I know that, and I think that. I know not how Latin that manner of speaking is. For when the word quod can be resolved into quia, then I admit it may rightly be said; but when it cannot be so resolved, it seems to me a barbarous expression, or at least one not bearing that genuine Latinity before it. I also pass over such things as adducere rationes for proferre, operari for facere or agere, agritudinem for morbus, idem esse cum illo for idem esse quod illud, and many other things of this kind, which show that you either have no choice of words at all or certainly only a very slight one, and do not much consider what nouns you join with what verbs, or, in short, how you speak. One thing, however, I do not wish to omit, since it accuses you of being merely a censurer of Cicero: namely, that you still do not know what an Enthymema is. For you say, For what can be more absurd than this enthymeme of yours? if it be formed in this way: Sin is in that which is not allowed; therefore that which is not allowed can be made neither greater nor less. You call this two-part argumentation an enthymeme; but just as you ask Cicero whether he learned to argue thus from his own Diodorus, so I would like to know from you whether you learned to make enthymemes in this way from your own Burley. For Cicero does not teach you this, nor Quintilian, nor Hermogenes, nor finally Aristotle, who in the second book of the Prior Analytics, defining enthymeme, says it is an imperfect syllogism from signs and probabilities. And that imperfection he refers not, as you Logicians, nay even Greeks, do, to the number of propositions, but to the matter, which concludes not necessarily but only probably; and so this is the true and genuine enthymeme. Pittacus is just, Pittacus is wise, therefore all wise men are just. Thus Aristotle en- thyme-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 137 thymema facit non solum in prima, sed etiam in secunda & tertia figura, ut hoc ipsum, cujus exemplum modo posui. Non enim est syllogismus, nec ad syllogismum reduci potest, quia est, ut Logici dicunt, ex puris particularibus; relinquitur ergo ut sit enthymema ex tribus propositionibus constans; alioqui non esset in tertia figura. Quod cum ita sit, liquet vos Dialecticos in magno errore versari, qui enthymema ex duabus tantum propositionibus fieri putatis. Præsertim cum tale enthymema Oratores, ut supradixi, pro argumenti explica- tione vel expolitione non agnoscant. Hæc sunt, mi Majoragi, quæ ad te nunc mittenda existimavi, ut ea dissolvas, si velis & si potes, in quibus si te alicubi acrius atque acerbius punxi, quam tu fortasse velles, & amicitia nostra pati videatur, noli quæso mirari nec ægre ferre, cum Ciceronem multo acrius & acerbius non solum punxeris, sed etiam confoderis, idque immeritissimo, cujus vulnera quanto tandem cum dolore a me legi putas? Itaque te etiam at- que etiam moneo, ut videas quemadmodum scribas in Topica illius, & in libros de finibus, quod facturum in hoc libro, si recte memini, quodam in loco, scribis. Non enim impune feres, sed idem tibi accidet, quod Erasmo, qui dum Ciceronem & Ciceronianos injuste insectatur, ipse a Ciceronianis juste & optimo jure confossus fuit. Vale, & responde si placet. EPISTOLA XLVIII. BASILIO CHALCONDYLAE. S. D. Ianus Parrhasius. Dum tu cunctaris per absentiam Iani Lascaris, herois an viri dicam ne- scio, nunquam certe citra laudem nominandi, memorabiles duo casus acciderunt: utrique domus proprii. Vicentia quam nosti, cum triennium procis omnibus, ut altera Penelope repulsam dedisset, ecce tibi repente, nullis auspicibus, adnitente matertera, conjuge nupta datur, expilata penitus hæreditate parvorum liberum. Sed huic malo oportune medebitur abs te missa Pontificis execra- tio: quam dolco jus in Agelli Tyrannum non habere, cum data non sit ad Antistitem Tropicum cui subest. Altera calamitas & acerbior adeo me con- fudit, ut non videam quibus eam verbis insinuem; quanquam tecum licet omnia. Itaque non circumrodam, sed continuo tædium hoc vorabo. Ni- coleos ex nostra nobilitate Jurisconsultus, habuit in matrimonio ex parte relicta filiola, quæ mature matrem secula est. Annus agitur ab illius obitu; cum interea colere, non aliter institit, quam cum viveret ejus uxor. Ea pietas initio nobis omnibus grata, deinde coepit esse suspecta, nec ab re: nam non ita multo post prioris ejus inventa, culpam confert , nec is inficiationi locum reliquit. Itaque cum eo deducta res esset, ut utrique mo- S riendum
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 137 It makes an enthymeme not only in the first, but also in the second and third figure, as this very thing, of which I have just given an example. For it is not a syllogism, nor can it be reduced to a syllogism, because it is, as the Logicians say, composed of pure particulars; therefore it remains that it is an enthymeme consisting of three propositions; otherwise it would not be in the third figure. Since this is so, it is clear that you Dialecticians are in a great error, who think that an enthymeme is made of only two propositions. Especially since Orators, as I have said above, do not recognize such an enthymeme as an explanation or development of an argument. These are the things, my Majoragius, which I thought should now be sent to you, so that you may disentangle them, if you wish and if you can; and if in some place I have pricked you more sharply and bitterly than perhaps you would wish, and than our friendship may seem able to bear, do not, I beg you, wonder or take it ill, since you have pierced not only Cicero but even driven a dagger through him, and that most undeservedly; how do you think I read his wounds, and with what grief? Therefore I warn you again and again to see how you write in his Topics and in the books On Ends, as, if I remember rightly, you write that you will do in this book in a certain place. For you will not escape unpunished, but the same thing will happen to you as to Erasmus, who, while he unjustly attacks Cicero and the Ciceronians, was himself justly and with the best right pierced through by the Ciceronians. Farewell, and reply if you like. EPISTLE XLVIII. TO BASILIO CHALCONDYLA. S. D. Ianus Parrhasius. While you are lingering on account of the absence of Ianus Lascaris, whether I should call him hero or man I do not know, certainly never to be named without praise, two memorable events have happened, each to its own household. Vicentia, whom you know, after for three years having, like another Penelope, repulsed all suitors, behold, suddenly, without any auspices, through the effort of her maternal aunt, she is given a husband, while her inheritance is thoroughly plundered, to the poverty of the children. But this evil will be timely remedied by the Pope’s curse sent by you: how sadly it is that the law should not be in the Tyrant of Agello’s hands, since it has not been given to the Tropic Bishop under whom he is subject. The other calamity, and a much more bitter one, so overwhelmed me that I do not see in what words I should introduce it; though with you one may say anything. Therefore I will not beat around the bush, but straightway I will swallow this weariness. Nicoleos, from our nobility, a jurist, had in marriage, with a daughter left from his side, who early followed her mother. A year has passed since her death; meanwhile he continued to court, no otherwise than when his wife was alive. At first that devotion was pleasing to us all, then it began to seem suspicious, and not without cause: for not long after the discovery of his former conduct, he is charged with the fault, and he left no room for denial. And so the matter was brought to such a point that both had to die S moriedum
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. riendum foret, conscia tantum mæstisso matre concubitum confarreant, atque sic honesto nomine nefandum crimen velant. Verum ne sic quidem, quin ferro cadant, estigient; nisi Deus aliquis eos aspexerit, id est, a summo Pontifice veniam incellus inscriptis impetraverint; ut furtivum dedecus professo matrimonio diluatur. Ad hanc rem velim omnes ingenii tui nervos intendas, utarisque gratia ac auctoritate Lascaris, Phoedri, Citrariique, & omnium denique amicorum; ut exleges has nuptias, ad evitandum paratæ cædis periculum, Pontifex privilegio justas ratasque faciat, indicta pro copiarum facultate mulcta. Accessit hoc enim meis ærumnis, ut opes ne tantæ saltem sint, quæ possint impendia sustinere. Quas ob res abs te primum peto, supplici ærque (si pateris) oro, omni studio ut cures impetrandam (quam dixi) veniam. Deinde ut quam minimum poteris impendas. Hunc ego hominem certum cum literis ad te nisi, qui mihi referat ad hoc oracula verissimaque responsa an impetrari possit, quod petimus; & quanti constiturum: nam simulac abs te certior factus cro, legabimus aliquem virum gravem cum muneribus, & summa taxationis, quam, ut perscribas, rogo. Tantis per huic ad te dedi mellei roris libras tris in pixidibus, mea gemma obsignatis. Ex iis unam Lascari, alteram Phoedro dono dabis, reliqua tua est. Mihi præterea colligendo per æstatem capillo reticula scricea tria, totidemque ejusdem generis cingula, adhuc rudia & nullo colore infecta, ut integrum sit ex animi tui sententia tingenda curare. Cetera quæ promisi, in tempore repræsentabo. Tu tabellarium, si me diligis, e vestigio (si fieri potest) expeditum remitte. Ego enim nihil aliud cogitare possum, priusquam hanc rem componam, Vicentiaque mei quondam fratris uxori restituam dotem. Itaque longiorem nobis diem fors obtulit, ad ambiendum, quem volumus, in academia locum. Nam commodissime licet adventum differre meum ad Kal. Martias, vel in frequentem (si videbitur nobis) annum. Ita tamen ut tibi persuadeas, proque certo obtineas, in me nullam moram fore, ubi de ducenis annuis oblata spes erit. Id si subitum nunc est, expecta maturum tempus & occasionem rei per otium bene gerendæ. Vale & amicis omnibus a me salutem, sed imprimis optimæ socrui & uxori; cum literas ad eas dabis, de cujus voluntate nihil ad hanc diem ex tuis literis intellexi; rediturane sit in gratiam contuberniumque meum: vel quid aliud animo agitet. Ego enim statui, vel secum vivere, vel aliud vitæ genus hoc longe quietius instituere. Cosennæ VIII. Kal. Septembr. EPISTOLA XLIX. JANOPARRHASIO. S.D. Basilius Chalcondyla. Nihil jam restat confecto omni negotio, nisi ut tu venias, & tui expe- ctationem, quæ magna est, rumoremque jam disseminatum per urbem de
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Most clear and most learned. …they would marry, with only the mother, conscious of it, as witness to the consummation, and thus cover a heinous crime with an honorable name. Yet even so, unless some god should look upon them—that is, unless they obtain from the Supreme Pontiff, through an entry in the register, pardon for the act; so that by a professed marriage the stolen disgrace may be washed away. To this matter I should wish you to apply all the powers of your mind, and to use the favor and authority of Lascaris, Phoedrus, Citrarius, and finally all our friends; so that, since the marriage has been contracted contrary to law, in order to avoid the danger of impending slaughter, the Pontiff may, by privilege, make it valid and lawful, a penalty having been imposed in proportion to their means. For this too has been added to my misfortunes, that my resources are not even so great as to be able to bear the expenses. For these reasons I first ask you, and I beg you as suppliant, if you allow it, to take all care to obtain the pardon I have mentioned. Next, to spend as little as you possibly can. I am sending to you this man with letters, so that he may report to me, from the very oracle itself, whether what we ask can be obtained, and at what cost; for as soon as I am informed by you, we shall send some grave man with gifts and the full amount of the fee, which I ask you to write down for me. For this purpose I have sent to you three pounds of honey-dew in little boxes sealed with my own signet. Of these, give one as a gift to Lascaris, another to Phoedrus; the rest is yours. Besides this, for me to collect during the summer, three silk hair-nets, and the same number of girdles of the same kind, still raw and dyed with no color, so that it may be left to your judgment to have them dyed. The rest that I have promised I shall produce in due time. Send back the courier at once, if you love me, as soon as possible. For I can think of nothing else before I settle this matter and restore the dowry to the wife of my late brother Vicentia. And so fortune has granted us a longer day for seeking in the academy the place we desire. For it is quite possible to delay my arrival until the Kalends of March, or even, if it seems best to us, until a crowded year. Yet you must persuade yourself, and hold it for certain, that there will be no delay on my part, once there is the prospect of two hundred a year. If that is sudden now, wait for a fitting time and opportunity to conduct the matter well at leisure. Farewell, and greet all my friends from me, but above all my excellent mother-in-law and wife; when you send letters to them, I have learned nothing from your letters up to this day about her intention—whether she is to return to our friendship and household, or what else she has in mind. For I have resolved either to live with her, or to establish some other kind of life, far quieter than this. At Cosenna, 8 days before the Kalends of September. LETTER XLIX. TO JANOPARRHASIUS. Greetings. Basilius Chalcondyla. Nothing now remains, with all business finished, except that you should come, and the expectation of you, which is great, and the rumor already spread through the city about
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 139 de tua doctrina atque eloquentia re ipsa non solum confirmes, sed & augeas. Contigit tibi, quod nemini hactenus hac in urbe ejusdem cujus tu professionis, libellus nominum, quem vulgo vocant rotulam, qui singulis annis instauratur, nuper factus est coram Pontifice, ut assolet præsente & patrono & fau- tore nostro Iano Lascaris, una cum paucis aliis ad quos res pertinet. Ibi tu in primis adscriptus es cum salario ducentorum aureorum; sic enim voluit Lascaris, cujus unius perlonge maxima est authoritas, nonnullis etiam, ut in tali re fieri consuevit, renitentibus atque contradicentibus; quos omnes Herois Græcanici præsentia ita concussit, ut protinus ne hiscere quidem auderent. Aliud insuper excogitavimus, uti majori cum gloria & honore Romam peteres. Ecce curavimus tibi literas a summo Pontifice, quod a brevitate, ut puto, breve nuncupant, quibus ad honestum profitendi locum vocaris. Fac igitur animi tui magnitudinem atque constantiam conserves, Abrumpendæ tibi sunt omnes tricæ atque domesticæ necessitates, neque te vincant illecebræ semperque viris exitiosæ muliebres lachrymæ: Nosti puto argumentum epigrammatis de Cupidine, in quo tantulus infans fortissimi leonis tergo eques insidet, altera manu flagellum, quo verbera intendit, altera habenas continens. Cave ne te talem mulierculis juvælos exhibeas, tametsi illis parum obnoxium atque obtemperantem te sciebam. Sed forte merito mihi quispiam objecerit vulgo illud tritum jactatumque apud Græcos us pot "A Invasar; quippe qui eum moneam, a quo magis ipse monendus sim, quapropter missa hæc faciam; tu accelera, advolta, adhibe tibi, si fieri potest, alas more Dedali; ingens est tui expectatio, fama ac denique desiderium. Invidi obtrectatores contabescant, rumpantur. Concessa est quam petebas venia, restat ut conveniamus de pretio, sed hoc te præsente expedietur. Tu pecunias tecum feres, quibus mulctam solvas: nam alias quanti constitura sit venia, ad te scripsi, & tunc fortasse, cum scilicet Romæ eris, aliquid effici poterit per amicos ad effugiendum vitandumque tale dispendium. Vale. Pridie. Kal. Septembris. Quod ad domum & alia necessaria attinet, ego sedulo interim curabo omnia parata invenies, vel repente parabuntur sine ullo tuo labore ac tædio. EPISTOLAL. ANDREÆ HUMILIATO. S.D. Thomas Phadrus. Volupe est quando tibi omnia succedunt ut meres. Quotidie literas ad amicos datas, & ne cerdo quidem quisquam est, qui tuas non circumferat per omnia compita, nemo enim e tanto populo exstitit, qui vel transversum versiculum rescriberet: & tu miser non sentis te ne terunci quidem fieri. Ubi nunc ergo Zebaldi tui, ubi Savoia, ubi Blosius, ubi denique nepotes sexcenti? præsenti tibi blandiuntur omnes, absentem non pluris faciunt, quam ancillam, quæ latrinam lavat. Quin & hodie in corona legebat Blosius quas ad eum proxime dederas, plenas querelarum, ajebatque de compacto S 2 ta-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 139 that by your doctrine and eloquence you may not only confirm it in fact, but increase it. It has befallen you what has hitherto happened to no one in this city of the same profession as yours: the list of names, which they commonly call the rota, and which is renewed each year, has lately been made up in the presence of the Pontiff, as usual with our patron and supporter Janus Lascaris present, together with a few others to whom the matter belongs. There you were entered first, with a salary of two hundred gold pieces; for so Lascaris wished, whose authority alone is by far the greatest, though some resisted and objected, as is accustomed in such a matter; but the presence of the Greek hero so shook them all that they did not dare even to open their mouths at once. Moreover, we have contrived another thing, that you might go to Rome with greater glory and honor. See, we have procured for you letters from the Supreme Pontiff, which, because of their brevity, I think they call a breve, by which you are summoned to an honorable place of teaching. Take care, therefore, to preserve the greatness and steadfastness of your mind. All troublesome entanglements and domestic necessities must be cast off; neither let allurements, nor those tears of women which are always ruinous to men, overcome you. I think you know the subject of the epigram about Cupid, in which that tiny child sits astride the back of a most powerful lion, holding in one hand a whip with which he threatens blows, and in the other the reins. Beware lest you show yourself such a one to women, although I knew you to be somewhat subject to them and inclined to obey them. But perhaps someone might rightly object to me that common proverb, much bandied about among the Greeks: “A Invasar;” since I am admonishing him whom I myself ought rather to be admonished by. Therefore I shall let this pass; do you hasten, fly, and, if possible, provide yourself with wings after the manner of Daedalus; great is the expectation, fame, and finally the desire for you. Let envious detractors waste away and burst. The pardon you sought has been granted; it remains that we agree on the price, but this will be settled in your presence. You will carry money with you, with which to pay the fine; for otherwise I have written to you what the amount of the pardon will be, and then perhaps, when you are in Rome, something may be accomplished through friends to escape and avoid such an expense. Farewell. The day before the Kalends of September. As for the house and other necessities, I in the meantime shall take care of everything diligently; you will find all things prepared, or they will be prepared at once, without any labor or annoyance on your part. LETTERS. TO ANDREAS HUMILIATUS. S.D. Thomas Phadrus. It is pleasant when everything goes well for you, as you deserve. Every day letters are sent to friends, and there is not even a cobbler who does not carry yours about through all the street-corners; for from so great a crowd no one has appeared who would write back even a single line across the page, and you miserable fellow do not feel that you are not worth even a farthing. Where now are your Zebaldus, where Savoie, where Blosius, where at last your six hundred nephews? All flatter you when present; when absent they value you no more than a maidservant who washes out the privy. Nay, even today Blosius was reading aloud in the circle those letters you had lately sent him, full of complaints, and he was saying by common agreement that...
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140 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. tacere tecum omnes: non feret, inquam, hoc Phoedrus, nec patietur tantam fieri injuriam suo capellano: itaque domum rediens calamum sumpsi, & hoc quicquid est nugarum libens exaravi: Zebaldi tui belli valent bellissime: Savoia rediit ad antiquam fabulam suam cum Cymeo, revocavitque hominem sexcentis literis e media insula: neque quod antea sumpti fecit quicquam est, præ quo nunc facit: Advola obsecro & adcurre, si vis ridere, quantum ne Democritus unquam risit: Savoia unguenta tractat & cyprium pulverem, pulverem inquam cyprium & unguenta tractat Savoia: Qui antea bubulcitari tantum solebat, bubus equisque stipatus vadebat, nunc delicatus Myropolis adit, deque odoribus disputat. Nam quid ego narrem tibi Hispanas manicas, Gallicas vestes, Germanas soleas, nihil jam amat nisi exoticum: & ille tanquam columbulus Dioneus sibi placet, intumescit, seque pulchrum putat: itaque tanti non est tibi istud quicquid est lucelli, ut hoc spectaculo careas. Adcurre itaque obsecro & advola: vel saltem ut amicum revoces ab interitu: nam nos jam defessi sumus, neque quicquam aliud respondet increpantibus, quam, mihi non tales sæpe eveniunt hereditates: umbræ duæ venire, reliquæ credo propediem: ego quando amici functus sum officio, sat præstiti: nec volo, qui se perditum it, sectari, memor Horatiani illius invitum qui servat, idem facit occidenti: sed de eo nimis multa: Cras habebuntur comitia Gymnastica novo Dictatori dicendo: incertum qui futurus: fertur tamen Petrus Paulus tuus, & in eum optimi quicque inclinant: Euangelista Capoferreus negotium suscepit. Fex negotium urget, matre volente, nec pater alienus dicitur: Ludi fient post Saturnalia, qui quam possint commode sine te, præsertim illo dictatore, fieri non video. Credo te revocabunt re impetrata: venio jam ad tuas ad Blossium datas: Itan' tu ineptus eras, qui putares ubique Romam esse: Natura hic posuit quicquid ubique fuit: nunc luis poenas tuæ stultitiæ ingentis, qui saxa illa tua ausus sis deserere; majore dignus supplicio: quod propediem de te sumetur, nisi ad nos te receperis: quod ut facias, censeo & suadeo. Vale Romæ Nonis Decembris. M. D. VI. EPISTOLALI. M. ANTONIUS REGIENSIS. S.D. M. Antonio Majoragio. Medioanum. Nunc Majoragi doctissime breviorem quam fortasse velles epistolam accipies, cum taciturnitas, qua in scribendo superiori tempore usus sum, longiorem exigere videatur. Nihil enim jam diu literarum ad te dedi. Vide, quæso, ac diligenter animo perpende quam pure quamque simpliciter crimen meum detegam. Nec mehercule cum veris amicis aliter faciendum censeo. Nec ipse ignoras quam ridicula sit eorum excusatio, qui cum eis, quibus arctissima juncti sunt amicitia, se nunquam scripsisse meminerint, ambagibus culpam suam tuos conantur. Quare ne quod in aliis reprehendendum duco
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140 MOST CLEAR AND LEARNED. all of them would keep silent with you: “Phoedrus, I say, will not endure this, nor will he suffer so great an injury to be done to his chaplain.” So, on returning home, I took up my pen, and willingly wrote out this whatever-it-is of trifles: your Zebaldi’s fine things are exceedingly fine; Savoia has returned to his old game with Cymeus, and has fetched the fellow back from the middle of the island with six hundred letters; nor is anything he did before, whatever it was, to be compared with what he is doing now. Come running, I beg you, and hurry here, if you want to laugh more than even Democritus ever laughed. Savoia is handling perfumes and Cyprian powder—I say, Cyprian powder and perfumes Savoia is handling. He who used before to do nothing but bawl like an ox, going about escorted by cattle and horses, now visits the dainty Myropolis, and discusses scents. For why should I tell you of Spanish sleeves, French clothes, German shoes? he loves nothing now but the exotic; and he, like a little dove of Dione, is pleased with himself, swells up, and thinks himself handsome. So your little gain, whatever it is, is not worth so much that you should miss this spectacle. Therefore hurry, I beg, and fly here; or at least recall your friend from destruction: for we are already worn out, and to the reproaches made against him he answers nothing but, “Such inheritances do not often fall to my lot; two shades are coming, I believe the rest shortly after; when I have performed a friend’s duty, I have done enough; nor do I wish to follow one who is making himself lost,” remembering that saying of Horace, “He who saves a man against his will does the same thing as one who kills him.” But enough of that. Tomorrow the Gymnastic elections will be held for naming a new Dictator: it is uncertain who will be the man; yet your Peter Paul is said to be in the running, and the best men are leaning toward him. Evangelista Capoferreus has taken up the matter. Fex is pressing the business, with his mother’s support, nor is his father said to be opposed. The games will be held after Saturnalia, and I do not see how they can be held conveniently without you, especially with that Dictator. I believe they will summon you back once the matter has been secured. I now come to your letter sent to Blossius: were you really such a fool as to think that Rome was everywhere? Nature has placed here whatever existed anywhere; now you are paying the penalty for your immense stupidity, for daring to abandon those rocks of yours; you deserve a greater punishment, which will shortly be inflicted on you unless you return to us. I advise and urge you to do so. Farewell at Rome, the Nones of December, 1506. EPISTOLARY. M. ANTONIUS REGIENSIS. S.D. To M. Antonio Majoragio. Milan. Now, most learned Majoragi, you will receive a shorter letter than perhaps you would wish, since the silence which I have used in writing during the previous period seems to call for something longer. For it is now a long time since I sent you any letters. See, I beg you, and consider carefully in your mind how plainly and simply I reveal my fault. Nor, by Hercules, do I think it should be done otherwise with true friends. Nor are you ignorant how ridiculous is the excuse of those who, though they remember never having written to those with whom they are joined by the closest friendship, try by evasions to shift the blame from themselves to yours. Wherefore, lest I be blamed for something in others
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 141 duco ipse committerem, veritatem, cujus amator semper extiti, aperire vo- lui. Et hoc quidem modo magis gratum me tibi fecisse existimo, quam si quid literis mandassem, quod tuas aure s ostunderet. Si quid tamen accidisset, quod tua, aut mea, te scire interfuisset, nequaquam calamo pepercissem. Ad quid igitur summum amicum, cujus opera ac studio in rebus tantum seriis uti debeo, nugis obruam? hujus enim generis scribendi argumentum semper mihi valde displicuit. Præteriti silentii habes excusationem. Nunc paucis hujus brevitatis accipe causam. Si cuncta, quæ mihi in mentem veniunt, modo scribere vellem, epistola certe modum excederet; quod sine dubio mihi maximo detrimento foret. Nam in morbum, quo nuper levatus sum, facile rursus inciderem. Et fortasse Libitina, quam vix evasi, me exanimem exciperet. Res adhuc bene succedit, quod iter jam per oppidum facere coept, sed lento gradu, & quasi more testudinis proficiscor. Gravissima enim valetudo, quæ per dies quindecim me crudeliter afflixit, adeo crura mihi debilia reddidit, quod vix me sustentare possunt. Parum quidem defuit quin survæ regna Proserpinæ, & judicantem viderim Æacum. Istæ, qui tibi hanc reddet, est civis Mediolanensis, illi cum hero meo maxima intercedit familiaritas, me quoque valde diligit. Quare librorum, quos istic pro meorum discipulorum usu emere oportet, illi curam mandare non dubitavi; verum quia magis in rebus bellicis, quam in literis versatus est, vereor ne bibliopolarum fraude decipiatur. Quamobrem si tu, qui hoc recte & commode præstare potes, hoc negocium susceperis, non solum mihi & pueris, verum etiam eorum parentibus, qui te incredibili prosequuntur amore; gratissimum feceris. Natura meis discipulis pulcherrimum tribuit ingenium, quæcunque enim semel audiunt nunquam amplius amittunt, & libenter in ludo literario versantur. Quid pulchrius in pueris optandum censes? illum, qui apud Pomeranum erat, mihi erudiendum tradere decreverunt. Et jam duobus mensibus me audivit. Ejus ingenium satis laudari non potest. Mea quidem sententia recte puero consuluerunt, aliter barba, non re philosphum eum vidissent. Rem accipis; si dextra scribendi officio recte fungeretur, orationem, quam legato summi Pontificis composui, ad te mitterem; hanc alias & quæcunque ad illustrem Taurini præsidem scripsi, accipies. Arbitror jam te intellexisse me omnibus Biragæ domus esse charissimum, & mihi summo & pene incredibili est gaudio operam meam illis esse gratissimam. Pueris enim nunquam desum, nec quid faciunt non latet. Me & illos illustri Gaspari Birago ejusque filio plurimum commenda. Hujus epistolæ exemplar apud me non remanet, tabellario enim festinante ac iter arripiente semel tantum est scripta, si quid igitur non apte positum tibi occurrerit, calamo, quo nimis velociter usus sum, id ascribito: cupio scire quid agas. Vale, & me redama: etsi ob ea, quæ in me contulisti, tibi gratias agere debeo, tamen quia id me facere nolis, nullam de illis mentionem facere ausus sum, hoc tantum dicam, quod nulla unquam tuorum erga me meritorum memoriam delebit oblivio, & si meæ in te bene- volentiæ S 3
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LETTERS OF MEN. 141 I myself wished to make known the truth, from which I have always been an admirer. And in this way, indeed, I believe I have done you a greater favor than if I had committed anything to writing that might have wearied your ears. If, however, anything had occurred which it had been important for you or for me to know, I should by no means have spared the pen. Why then should I burden my dearest friend, whose aid and devotion I must use in matters of such seriousness, with trifles? For writing of this kind has always been very displeasing to me. You have an excuse for my past silence. Now, in a few words, receive the reason for this brevity. If I were willing to write down everything that comes into my mind, the letter would certainly exceed proper measure; which without doubt would be to my very great harm. For I should easily fall again into the illness from which I have lately been relieved. And perhaps Libitina, whom I have barely escaped, would receive me dead. Matters are still going well, since I have already begun my journey through the town, but I proceed at a slow pace, and as it were in the manner of a tortoise. For the most severe illness, which has cruelly afflicted me for fifteen days, has so weakened my legs that they can scarcely support me. I was very nearly sent to the realms of Proserpina and saw Aiacus judging. The woman who will deliver this to you is a citizen of Milan; she has the greatest familiarity with my master, and she also loves me greatly. Therefore I did not hesitate to entrust her with the task of buying the books which must be purchased there for the use of my pupils; but since she has been more occupied in military matters than in letters, I fear lest she be deceived by the fraud of booksellers. Therefore, if you, who can properly and conveniently carry out this matter, undertake it, you will be most welcome not only to me and to the boys, but also to their parents, who pursue you with incredible affection. Nature has granted my pupils a most beautiful intelligence; for whatever they once hear they never lose, and they gladly take part in the school of letters. What finer thing do you think one could wish for in boys? The one who was with Pomeranus they have decided to give over to me for instruction. And now for two months he has listened to me. His talent cannot be praised enough. In my opinion, indeed, they have chosen well for the boy; otherwise they would have seen a philosopher in a beard, not in reality. You understand the matter; if he were properly performing the duty of writing with his right hand, I would send you the speech I composed for the legate of the Supreme Pontiff; you will receive this one and also whatever else I have written to the illustrious president of Turin. I think you have now understood that I am dearest to all in the Biraga household, and it is for me a great and almost incredible joy that my efforts are most welcome to them. For I am never absent from the boys, nor is anything they do unknown to me. Commend me and them very much to the illustrious Gaspar Birago and his son. I have not kept a copy of this letter, for, the messenger being in haste and setting out on his journey, it was written only once; if therefore you come across anything not suitably expressed, attribute it to the pen I used too hastily. I wish to know how you are doing. Farewell, and love me in return: although I ought to give you thanks for what you have bestowed upon me, yet because you do not wish me to do so, I have dared make no mention of those things; I will say only this, that no oblivion will ever erase the memory of your services toward me, and if of my goodwill toward you
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142 CLARIS. ET DOCTISS. volentiæ aliquid addi posse videbitur, omni studio ac cura dabo operam, ne quid a me prætermissum videatur: hæc in calce addere mihi placuit. Verrulengi. XXVII. Septembris. EPISTOLA LII. BENEDICTUS THEOCRENUS. S. D. Paulo Iovio. Postridie ejus diei, quo literas abs te accepi, fuerunt enim ex mihi sexto demum idus Julias redditæ, intuli apud Regem Christianissimum tui mentionem, cujusmodi insignis meus erga te amor suasit, & tuæ literæ non obscure te percupere ostendebant Fuit mihi ut primus, ita facillimus ad te laudandum aditus, Historia, quam ille abs te magna omnium opinione conscribi jampridem plurimorum testimonio acceperat. Illic singulari cum laude tua versati sumus, utpote in re, quæ quia ad totius posteritatis judicium pertinet, Principibus potissimum, nisi omnino plumbei sunt, summæ curæ esse debet. Nam cum cæterorum hominum pleraque tum bona tum mala in eos merito referantur, oportet anxios esse non mediocriter, qui de se aliorum sensus sit futurus, tum cum liberum est sublato metu, quid sentias edere. Præbuit etiam nonnullum commemorandi tui locum comitas rara, quam omnes de te prædicant, & ego quantum paucis diebus dignoscere licuit, abunde mihi expertus videor. Aderant forte fortuna, cum hæc dicerem, aliquot Itali illustres viri, & ex iis, quos maxime nosti, Theodorus, & Renatus Triultii, ac Galeatius Vicecomes, ii mihi testes sunt non potuisse mihi causam illam neque opportunius suscipi, neque felicius agi, ita intento, & hilari animo Rex, id quod tum verbo, tum vultu significavit, quæcumque mihi in eam sententiam dicta sunt, excipere visus est. Inciderat quidem antea non semel honorificus de te sermo cum assensu tanti Principis, qui ad studiosorum omnium favorem mirifice pronus est, non dubio. Sed nescio quomodo, ubi dixi allatas mihi a te literas, in quibus aliqua inesset tui erga se optimi animi significatio, avidius, & lætius de te ab eo omnia audita. Verum vide (te quæso) mi Iovi, ut quicquid scribis posteris cum ipsa veritate, cujus personam rerum scriptor induit, prorsus consentiat, ne quid amori, neu odio quidabs te illie datum deprehendatur. Nihil enim tantum egregia facundia apponere potest, quantum detrahere mendacii suspitio vel minima. Adde quod posteritati in eo fucum facere scelus est, bonorum omnium odio, & detestatione dignum. Hæc salubriora, quam fortasse auditu jucundiora monita non cujuslibet hominis sunt, ut te videre confido: sed ejus qui præcipuo quodam amore alterum prosequatur, proinde ei quam optime consultum velit. Paria feceris, si tantundem mihi, ubicumque locus dabitur, reposueris. Cupio equidem jam diu esse te mihi interpretem incundæ alicujus gratiæ a Ponti. Max. quo me incipiat agnoscere ille inter eos, qui laboribus & vigiliis suis in re literaria tales sibi
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142 CLARIS. ET DOCTISS. if it shall seem that something can be added to his complaisance, I shall apply myself with all zeal and care, so that nothing may seem to have been omitted by me: this I have thought fit to add at the end. Verrulengi. XXVII. September. EPISTLE LII. BENEDICTUS THEOCRENUS. S. D. To Paolo Iovio. On the day after that on which I received your letters—for they were not delivered to me until the sixth day before the Ides of July—I mentioned you to the Most Christian King; such was the prompting of my remarkable affection for you, and your letters clearly showed that you earnestly desired this. I had, as it were, the first and easiest approach to praising you, through the History which he had long ago heard from many people was being composed by you, with great general expectation. There we spoke of you with singular praise, since this is a matter which, because it pertains to the judgment of all posterity, ought especially to be a matter of the highest concern to princes, unless they are altogether leaden. For since most things, both good and bad, in other men are rightly referred to them, those who are to have another’s judgment upon themselves ought to be not a little anxious, when it is free from fear to set forth what one thinks. There was also some occasion for mentioning you in the rare courtesy, which everyone proclaims of you, and which, so far as I have been able to discern in a few days, I seem to myself abundantly to have experienced. By chance, when I was saying these things, there were present several distinguished Italian men, and among them those whom you know best, Theodore, Renatus Triultii, and Galeatius Vicecomes; they are my witnesses that the cause in question could not have been undertaken more suitably, nor handled more successfully, so intent and cheerful was the King’s mind, as he indicated then both by word and by look, in receiving whatever was said by me in that sense. Indeed, before this there had more than once been honorable mention of you, with the approval of so great a Prince, who is wonderfully inclined toward the favor of all scholars, without doubt. But somehow, when I said that letters had been brought to me from you, in which there was some indication of your excellent good will toward him, all things about you were heard by him more eagerly and gladly. But see, I beg you, my Iovius, that whatever you write may be wholly in agreement with posterity and with truth itself, whose person the writer of history assumes, lest anything be detected as having been granted by you either to affection or to hatred. For nothing that eloquence can supply is so great as the least suspicion of falsehood can take away. Add to this that to impose a deception upon posterity is a crime, worthy of the hatred and detestation of all good men. These admonitions, salutary though perhaps less pleasant to hear, are not those of just any man, as I trust you see, but of one who pursues another with a special affection, and therefore wishes what is best for him. You will do the same for me, if in turn you repay me equally whenever occasion is given. Indeed, for a long time now I have wished that you might be for me the interpreter of some pleasing favor from the Supreme Pontiff, so that he may begin to recognize me among those who, by their labors and vigils in literary matters, have made such a reputation for themselves.
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 143 sibi viros conciliatos velint; multa si quidem faciunt, ut ei quoque non pa- rum me publica causa debere intelligam, inprimisque, ne omnia commemo- rem, incredibilis illa solicitudo, & moeror, quem vir maximus præ se fert ex tam diuturnis, tamque omnis exitii plenis Christianorum principum dis- cordiis, ad quas sedandas ita jampridem enixe incumbit, ut nullum in eo op- timi parentis officium desiderari possit, tum literarum patrocinium, quod sub ipsa summi honoris initia certissime professus est, cum Sadoletum usque e Gallia præpropere accivit, cumque præclarum illum scribarum ordinem, quos circum se haberet, tanto cum delectu doctissimi & eloquentissimi cujusque instituit, & omnibus aliis, qui in literario otio aliqua cum laude versantur, spem eandem proposuit: quæ generosissima incepta, si eventus is, quem il- liusmodi propositum meretur, comprobaverit, optime actum iri cum hac æta- te nemo dubitat. Tu modo me, qualiscumque sum, Homini totum trade, & commenda. Quod tibi eo diligentius præstandum existimo, quo aman- tius id te facturum ultro polliceris. Tibi ut suis verbis salutem hic ascribe- rem sedulo mecum egit Pomponius Triultius, qui tibiscum veterem consue- tudinem intercedere maxima cum animi voluptate mihi coram affirmavit. Is præ vi amoris erga te sui etiam gratias ingentes nobis agendas duxit, quod te Oratione nostra tantopere apud Regem amplissimum ornassemus, tanquam ad eum pars quoque illius laudis pertinuerit. Hoc scire te oportere putavi, quo mutuo ames juvenem summa virtute, ut perspexi, præditum, & tui nomi- nis in primis studiosum. Vale apud Regem Christianiss. Datæ XVI. Kalend. Augusti. EPISTOLALII. CAESAR TRIULTIUS. S.D. Pomponio Fratri. Mediolanum. Nihil jam pridem literarum ad te dedi, quia nihil dignum tuis auribus erat, tum quia quotienscunque ad communes parentes scribebam ad vos omnes scribere mihi persuadebam. Atque ut verum fatear, ne nunc quidem ad te scri- psissem, nisi materia te digna occurrisset, quæ me scribentem & te legentem oblectaret; quare audisse te credo proximis mensibus in urbe in ruinis ædium Titi Imp. inventam fuisse Laocoontis statuam, una cum ejus liberis. De qua meminerit Plinius Libro xxxvi. Capite v. his verbis. Deinde multorum obscu- rior fama est, quorundam claritati in operibus eximiis obstante artificum numero; quoniam nec unus occupat gloriam, nec plures pariter nuncupari pos- sunt, sicut in Laocoonte, qui est in Titi Imp. domo, opus omnibus picturæ & statuariæ artis præferendum: ex uno lapide eum & liberos draconumque mira- bilis nexus de consilii sententia fecere, summi artifices Agesander, Polydorus & Athenodorus Rhodii. Magnum est hoc Plinii testimonium, atque adeo ma- gnum,
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LETTERS OF MEN. 143 they may wish to have men attached to them; for they do many things, indeed, so that I may understand that I too owe not a little to the public cause, and above all, not to mention everything, that incredible solicitude and grief which that great man displays on account of the long-continued dissensions of Christian princes, fraught with every kind of ruin, to quell which he has now for a long time been applying himself so earnestly that no duty of the best of fathers can be found lacking in him; then also the patronage of letters, which he most certainly professed from the very beginning of his highest honors, when he hastily summoned Sadolet from Gaul, and established that distinguished company of secretaries about him, with such a choice selection of the most learned and eloquent men, and held out the same hope to all others who cultivate literary leisure with some distinction: if these most noble undertakings are approved by the outcome which such a purpose deserves, no one doubts that this age will be exceedingly well served. Only hand over me, such as I am, to the man entirely, and commend me to him. I think this should be done by you all the more diligently, the more affectionately you freely promise to do it. Pomponius Triultius earnestly urged me to write and send you greetings in his own words, and he affirmed to me in person, with the greatest pleasure of mind, that there exists between you and him an ancient familiarity. Out of love for you, he even thought that we owed you great thanks, because we had so greatly honored you before the most illustrious King with our Oration, as though some part of that praise also belonged to him. I thought you ought to know this, so that you may love in return a young man, as I have observed, endowed with the highest virtue, and especially devoted to your name. Farewell in the presence of the Most Christian King. Given on the 16th day before the Kalends of August. LETTERS II. CAESAR TRIULTIUS. S.D. To Pomponius, his brother. Milan. For some time now I have sent no letters to you, because there was nothing worthy of your ears, and also because whenever I wrote to our common parents I thought that I was writing to all of you. And to speak truthfully, I should not even now have written to you, unless a subject worthy of you had come up, one that would delight both me in writing and you in reading; wherefore I believe you have heard that in recent months, in the city, a statue of Laocoön, together with his sons, was found among the ruins of the house of the Emperor Titus. On this Pliny has remembered, in Book XXXVI, Chapter V, in these words: “Then there is the fame of many, of whom obscurity prevails because of the number of artists in extraordinary works; for neither does one man monopolize the glory, nor can several be named alike, as in the case of Laocoön, who is in the house of the Emperor Titus, a work to be preferred to all other products of painting and sculpture: from one block of stone, with his children and the marvellous coils of the serpents, by common agreement were made by the greatest artists Agesander, Polydorus, and Athenodorus of Rhodes.” This testimony of Pliny is great, and indeed so great,
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. gnum, ut civis Romanus, qui in suis hortis eam effodit Romano Cardinali Sancti Petri ad vincula DC nummis aureis vendere noluerit; Moxque summus Pont. illam in suburbio beluiderio habere voluerit, illique quoddam quasi sacellum extrui curaverit. Cæterum opus tam admirabile plusculi sacris Musarum initiati versiculis sunt prosecuti, hos collectos ad te mittimus, tum ut tibi, tum mehercules ut academicis tuis gratum faciam. Satuam ipsam quam Plinius cum liberis ex uno lapide factam prodidit, Ioannes Angelus Romanus & Michaël Christophorus Florentinus in urbe Roma primi nominis statuari negant ex uno lapide confectam; ostendunt compagini plus minus quatuor, sed eas tam occulto loco junctas, tam apposite ferruminatas circumlitasque, ut non nisi ab ejus artificii peritissimis id facile intelligi possit, quare aut Plinium deceptum affirmant, aut ipsum alios voluisse decipere, ut opus fieret admirabilius. Neque enim treis statuas magnitudinis justæ tot tanquam mirabilibus Draconum nexibus circumplexas in uno tantum lapide ullis instrumentis potuisse firmari. Magna est Plinii auctoritas, & nostri artifices suis nituntur rationibus, nec vetus verbum est contemnendum, fælices fore artes; si de iis soli artifices indicarent, Itaque cui sententiæ adheream non habeo dicere, utcunque statuæ ipsæ perquam egregiæ sunt & omni præconio dignæ; eas tu medius fidius vel ex carminibus Iacobi Sadoletii, viri hac in urbe doctissimi, videre poteris, qui meo judicio non minus eleganter Laocoentem cum liberis calamo descripsit, quam illi ipsi opifices cælo expoliverint. Denique qui Sadoletii carmina legerint, non habebunt cur magnopere desiderent statuas ipsas videre; ita singula quæque oculis subjicit, quamquam & aliorum carminibus sua assit gratia: quibus & meum apposui Epigramma (videlicet plumbum inter gemmas) ut reliquorum nostri comparatione fierent illustriora: Tu hæc omnia tuis illis (ut ita dixerim) consecrancis ostendes; at subjunxi etiam ecoloam Iacobi Sinceri, quamquam eam ad Jacobum Puteolanum misisse arbitror; cumque ea quædam Epigrammata Philippi Beroaldi Junioris Bononiam mitimus, viri hac in urbe eruditissimi, meique amantissimi, quod ex illius carminibus videre poteris. Tu contra si quid stomacho nostro dignum isthic habebis, tuum erit nos quoque participes facere. Nos item si quid in posterum hic excudetur dignum tuis oculis, id ad te mittemus si prius cognoverimus hæc nostratia tibi placuisse, nos omnes hic recte valemus; tu quoque bonam valitudinem cura diligenter. Communibus parentibus fratribusque multam salutem. Romæ. Kal. Iuniis. M.D.VI. EPISTOLA LIV. FRANCISCO CALVO. S.D. Antonius Verrius. Romam; Quandoquidem audio te incendium Urbis, prædam, barbaricum furorem, demum tot calamitates & ærumnas, postremo Tiberinas undas, & Deucalionis
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Most illustrious and most learned, I would not have the Roman citizen, who dug it up in his own gardens, sell it to the Roman Cardinal of San Pietro in Vinculis for 600 gold coins; and soon after the Supreme Pontiff wished to have it in the suburb of Belvedere, and had a kind of shrine built for it there. Moreover, so admirable a work was followed by the somewhat more sacred verses of those initiated into the Muses’ mysteries; we send you these collected together, both to please you and, by Hercules, to gratify your scholars as well. As for the statue itself, Pliny reports that it was made from a single stone with the children; yet Giovanni Angelo, a Roman, and Michelangelo Cristoforo, a Florentine, the foremost sculptors in the city of Rome, deny that it was made from one stone. They point out four seams or thereabouts, but so secretly joined, so fittingly brazed and overlaid, that only the most skilled in that art can easily understand it. Therefore they say either that Pliny was deceived, or that he himself wished to deceive others, in order that the work might seem more marvelous. For it is not possible that three statues of proper size, entwined as they are by so many wondrous dragon-like coils, could have been secured in one single stone with any instruments. Pliny’s authority is great, and our craftsmen support their arguments with reasons of their own; nor is the old saying to be despised, that the arts would be fortunate if only the artists themselves were to judge them. So I cannot say to which opinion I adhere; however, the statues themselves are exceedingly excellent and worthy of every praise. You, by my faith, can see them even from the verses of Jacopo Sadoleto, a man most learned in this city, who in my judgment no less elegantly described Laocoön and his children with his pen than those craftsmen themselves polished him with the chisel. Indeed, whoever has read Sadoleto’s verses will not greatly wish to see the statues themselves; he sets each detail before the eyes so vividly, though other poems too retain their own charm. With these I have also added my epigram too, as lead among jewels, so that in comparison with the rest theirs might appear more splendid. You will show all these things to those of yours, if I may so call them, whom you have consecrated; and I have also appended an eclogue of Jacopo Sincerus, though I think he sent it to Jacopo Puteolano; and we are sending to Bologna certain epigrams by Philippus Beroaldus the Younger, a man most learned in this city and most affectionate toward me, as you will be able to see from his poems. If, on the other hand, you have there anything worthy of our appetite, it will be your part to make us sharers in it as well. Likewise, if anything worthy of your eyes is printed here in the future, we shall send it to you, if we first learn that these works of ours have pleased you. We are all well here; do you too take diligent care of your health. Many greetings to our common parents and brothers. Rome, the Kalends of June, 1506. LETTER LIV. TO FRANCISCO CALVO. GREETING. Antonius Verrius. To Rome; Since I hear that you [have endured] the fire of the City, the plundering, the barbarian fury, in the end so many calamities and hardships, and lastly the Tiber’s waves, and Deucalion’s ...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 145 nis diluvium evasisse, nos hic quoque ista experti sumus, vitamque extrema per omnia traximus, tum non vidimus, sed fabulosum illud formidavimus, de quo Physici omnes & Astrologi mentiti sunt, inter has tum tot tantasque calamitates & miserias nunquam ex animo nostro penitus excessit Calvus meus, pro quo sæpius novis votis obligatus sum, & obligationi satisfeci, literas quoque sæpius ad te scripsi; qua in re admiratus sum Calvi negligentiam vel accusavi superbiam, denique nactus fidelis nuncii occasionem Hier. S. Aurelii Catanæi, auditoris nostro, & tibi ut intelligo familiaris & prope domestici, non potui non etiam ad te has rudes & incultas calamo præcipiti & alieno exarare literas, nobis enim languet manus, & oculorum morbo membra omnia torpent, & male in lecto verlan- tur. Te igitur rogo & obsecro, ut Verrium tuum ex illis tuis penitissimis præcordiis non excludas, & aliquando cum brevi tua epistola revisas, & si quid opus est mandes, jubeas, & imperes. De fratre autem tuo Andrea quid aliud scribam? nisi quod Dispensator, Secretarius, & Oeconomus a Comite Maximiliano Stampa conductus est, mercede (ut mihi retulit Andreas ipse) aureorum trecen- torum annuatim constituta, nec tamen interea desistit exercere librariam tabernam per institorem; uxorem quoque duxit (ut audio) honestissimam & pulcherri- mam foeminam, ex qua jam suscepit masculum & foeminam, spem certissimam Calvinæ domus & virtutis, sed puto me noctuas ferre Athenas, nemo enim igno- rare res suas præsumitur. Quare, his omissis, illud, mi Calve, postremo te obsecro, ut Benedictum Manchasolam, Placentinum, olim discipulum Verrianum istic Romæ anno jam abhinc tertio litigantem ad te accersas, cui his redditis nomine nostro dicere non dedigneris, ut Verium quandoque audiat, difficileque putet barbato magistro imponere, nec plura: his enim paucis omnia inter nos agitata repetet, & quid Verriopromiserit, & qua in re a Verrio commoneatur, præcipue de conventione illa per nos inter ipsum & adversarios componenda, cætera supplebunt literæ. Tu autem interea vale, & Verii tui memor sis aliquando, qui te amat plurimum. Dabam Mediol. Pridie Kal. Nov. M. D. xxx. ex studio nostro. EPISTOLÆ LV. JOHANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Iacobus Bongarsius. Postremas meas, memini me commendare Frobenio Hamburgensi, cum nescio quo, tum novo, libello. Sed abs te dudum est, quod nihil habeo litterarum. Itaque aurem tibi vello: & mitto quæ nova accepi Lutetia: tumulum Puteani, & a Casaubono illustratam Inscriptionem, veterem illam, sed recens repertam. Ipse Casaubonus totus est in Polybio, gravi, ut scis, auctore, quem & nova interpretatione, & laborioso atque docto commen- tario illustrat. Scriberem plenius, si tibi has redditas iri considerem. Sed me- moriam mei tibi renovare, satis habeo. Tu, si quid ad me, si quid a me T vis,
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LETTERS OF MEN. 145 whether we had escaped the flood, here too we experienced those things, and dragged our life through all extremities; then we did not see, but feared that fabulous thing, about which all the physicians and astrologers have lied. Amid these so many and such great calamities and miseries, my Calvus never wholly departed from my mind; for him I have more than once been bound by new vows, and I have fulfilled the obligation; I have also written to you several times, in which matter I wondered at Calvus’s negligence, or charged him with pride. At length, having found the opportunity of a faithful messenger, Hier. S. Aurelius Catanæus, our auditor, and, as I understand, your friend and almost one of the household, I could not but write these rough and uncultivated letters to you also, with a hasty and borrowed pen; for my hand is weak, and from the disease of the eyes all my limbs are numb, and I move about badly in bed. I therefore beg and entreat you not to exclude your Verrius from those deepest chambers of your heart, and at some point to look back on him with a brief letter of yours, and, if anything is needed, to commission, order, and command it. As for your brother Andrea, what else shall I write except that he has been engaged by Count Maximilian Stampa as steward, secretary, and manager, with a salary, as Andrea himself told me, fixed at three hundred gold ducats annually; and yet in the meantime he does not cease to carry on a bookshop through a manager; he has also taken to wife, as I hear, a most honorable and very beautiful woman, from whom he has now had a son and a daughter, the sure hope of the Calvin house and of virtue. But I think I am carrying owls to Athens, for no one is presumed ignorant of his own affairs. Therefore, leaving these matters aside, that too, my dear Calvus, I lastly beg you: send for Benedictus Manchasola of Piacenza, once Verrius’s pupil, who has for some three years now been litigating there in Rome, and when these lines are delivered to him, do not disdain to say in our name that he should at some time hear Verrius, and think it difficult to impose upon a bearded master; and no more. For with these few words he will recall everything discussed between us, both what he promised Verrius and in what matter he is to be reminded by Verrius, especially concerning that agreement to be settled by us between him and the adversaries; the rest the letters will supply. Farewell meanwhile, and remember your Verrius now and then, who loves you most dearly. Given at Milan, the day before the Kalends of November, 1530, from our study. LETTER LV. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Jacobus Bongarsius. I remember that in my last letter I recommended to Frobenius of Hamburg, together with I know not what other thing, a new little book. But from you it has been a long time since I have had any letters. So I tug your ear: and I send what news I have received from Paris: Puteanus’s tomb, and an Inscription illustrated by Casaubon, the ancient one, but recently found. Casaubon himself is wholly occupied with Polybius, a grave author, as you know, whom he is illustrating both with a new interpretation and with a laborious and learned commentary. I would write more fully, if I thought these lines would be returned to you. But to renew the memory of me with you, I am content. You, if there is anything to me, if there is anything from me, T
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146 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. vis, literas tuas mitte Francofurtum Cl. Marnio typographo. Deus te servet va- lentem. Argentinaxv. Iul. 1602. EPISTOLA LVI. JOHANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Iacobus Bongarsius. Rostochium, Tuis ad me amicissimis literis respondeo tardius, quod peregrinanti redditæ. Tu vero rem mihi fecisti gratissimam, quod mei abs te conservari immerentis memoriam, etiam literis testatum esse voluisti. Mutua a me expecta. Casaubonum non ignoras commentarium edidisse in auctores Augustæ Historiæ, qui post Suetonium, Persium jam sub prælo habet, & Polybium aggreditur. Daniclem vixisse, vere nobis nunciatum. Mihi hæc in Germaniam profectio instituta, privata ob negotia mea. Nundinis Francofurtensibus interero, & ab iis aulam repetam, certus inde, me abdere in sola loca, pro meis negotiis. Tu si quid a me vis, fac id quælo, ut sciam: inprimis amare me perge. Et si vivit Bordingus, saluta eum a me. De statu partium illarum, si communicare aliquid libuerit, feceris mihi sane gratissimum, Argentina XVI. Iul. 1604. EPISTOLA LVII. JOHANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Iacobus Bongarsius. Rostochium, Constantissimi animi tui testes habeo literas, quas ad me dedisti XII. Ian. quæ mihi incunte hoc mense redditæ. Tardius itaque respondeo, & valetudine sane afflicta, quæ debita amicis officia non sinit, ut ex animi mei sententia præstem. Magnas autem tibi gratias habeo, quod rerum istic vestrarum statum explicare litteris tuis volueris. Nostræ, Dei admiranda misericordia, salvæ sunt, pacato tumultu Sedanensi, postquam ad officium rediit Bullionius Dux. Litteræ, ut aliis etiam locis, animam agunt: unus eas Casaubonus sustinet apud nos: quas ubique Iesuitæ impugnant. Illius exspectamus Polybium: exspectamus & Thuani Historiæ Tomum secundum: alia quæ proximæ nundinæ dabunt. Tu si quid ame vis, fac, quæso, ut sciam. Litteras tuas inscribe hic Marnio typographo, qui eas porro curabit. Namque ego volaturus sum. Sed injicit ætas manum & me jubet quiescere. Passeratii quædam ad te mitto. Vale V. Cl. & me ama. Dominum Coryphium plurimum salvere jubeo. Francof. xxix. Apr. 1606. EPI-
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146 MOST FAMOUS AND LEARNED. If you wish, send your letters to Frankfurt to the printer Cl. Marnius. May God keep you in good health. Strasbourg, 15 July 1602. LETTER LVI. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. GREETINGS. Jacobus Bongarsius. Rostock, I reply more slowly to your very friendly letters to me, because they were delivered while I was traveling. But you have done me a very great favor in wishing to have it stated in writing that you have preserved the memory of me, though undeserving. Expect the same from me in return. You are not unaware that Casaubon has published a commentary on the writers of the Augustan History, that after Suetonius he now has Persius under the press, and is taking up Polybius. Daniel has been reported to us as having lived. I have undertaken this journey into Germany on private business of my own. I shall attend the Frankfurt fair, and after it I shall return to court, certain then to withdraw to some quiet place for my affairs. If you want anything from me, please make it so that I know; above all, continue to love me. And if Bordingus is alive, greet him for me. If you are pleased to share anything about the state of those parties, you will indeed do me a great favor. Strasbourg, 16 July 1604. LETTER LVII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. GREETINGS. Jacobus Bongarsius. Rostock, The letters you gave me on 12 January are witnesses of your most steadfast spirit, and they were delivered to me at the beginning of this month. I therefore reply later, and indeed with my health much impaired, which does not allow me to discharge the duties owed to friends as I would wish from my heart. But I owe you great thanks for having wished to explain in your letters the condition of your affairs there. Ours, by God’s wonderful mercy, are safe, the Sedan tumult having been pacified, after the Duke of Bouillon returned to his duty. Letters, as in other places too, give life; Casaubon alone sustains them among us, though the Jesuits attack them everywhere. We are expecting his Polybius; we are also expecting the second volume of Thuani’s History; and other works which the next fair will provide. If you want anything from me, please let me know. Address your letters here to the printer Marnius, who will see to them further. For I am about to take off. But age lays a hand on me and bids me rest. I am sending you some things by Passeratius. Farewell, most illustrious sir, and love me. I bid Master Coryphius send you many greetings. Frankfurt, 29 April 1606. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 147 EPISTOLA LVIII. JOHANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Iacobus Bongarsius. Rostochium, Tuas ad me dedisti Non. Maji, eas accepi, e peregrinatione aliquotmen- sium animi causa suscepta Francofurti transiens: Adjunctas ad Calaubonum nullas vidi: neque alias abs te, quas memoras, habui. Meas ad te periisse nonnullas cum libellulis novis puto. Quicquid sit, & quod mei servas me- moriam, tibi debeo; & quod pereuntes litteras studio tuo sistere pergis, tibi reiquep. gratulor, & me tui semper studiosum, scito. Huc ego concessi, ut me turba eximerem, & mihi vacarem ipsi per hanc hiemem. Et sunt qui- dem, quæ te scire & per te alios, illis locis, vellem. Sed in tanta eorum, quibus litteræ committantur, aut perfidia aut negligentia, nihil audeo chartæ committere. Te Deo commendo, cumque oro studia tua ut sovere atque promovere velit, publice utilia, tibi honorifica. Si quid ad me vis, aut a me, id scito Marnio redditum, recte porro curatum iri. Vale V. Cl. & me ama. Basilea xvII. Sept. 1608 Exercitationes Mathematicas Bruræi dudum est quod frustra requiro: tu im- pone hoc bibliopolis, ut Francofortum deferant, & Marnio unum aut alterum exemplar reddant. Vellem & Casselii Rhet. Aristotelis interpretationem; pretium meo nomine Marnius solvet: & ejusdem Casselii Orationum, quæ apud Thu- cydidem, interpretationem. Quæ omnia olim, edita Rostochii, habui. EPISTOLA LIX. JOANNI MEURSIO. S. D. Iacobus Bongarsius. Hafniam, Quæ de funere misisti, ea grata quod a te, quem facio, uti debeo, sane plurimi; quod a tuo in me affectu; quod ex iis futurus ego doctior. Sed de Glossario quod spem facis certam, me certe beas. Nam in recentioribus istis Græcis, sunt quæ me torqueant: sunt & in Constantinopolitanis rebus, quæ non assequor, quam plurima. Fac igitur quod facis: perge luce ingenii tui dispellere has tenebras, & de bonis litteris bene mereri. Me adhuc errans hæc vita tenet, cui cum anno hoc, si Deus faverit, finem faciam: te vero amabo & colam æternum. Vale. Francof. VI. Oct. 1604. T 2 EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 147 LETTER LVIII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Iacobus Bongarsius. Rostock, You gave yours to me on the Nones of May; I received them, passing through Frankfurt on my way back from a journey of some months undertaken for the sake of my mind. I saw none of the enclosures for Calaubonus; nor have I had from you any of the others which you mention. I think that some of my letters, together with new little booklets, have perished on the way. Whatever the case, and however much I owe to you the memory you keep of me, I am indebted to you; and since you continue by your diligence to keep letters from perishing, I congratulate both you and the matter itself, and know that I am always devoted to you. I have come here in order to withdraw myself from the crowd and to have leisure for myself this winter. And there are indeed some matters which I should wish you to know, and through you others, in those regions. But amid so much perfidy or negligence on the part of those to whom letters are entrusted, I dare commit nothing to paper. I commend you to God, and I pray that He may wish to cherish and promote your studies, useful to the public and honorable to yourself. If you want anything to be sent to me, or from me, know that it has been delivered to Marnius, and will be properly attended to in due course. Farewell, most learned man, and love me. Basel, 17 Sept. 1608 I have long been looking in vain for Bruræus’ Mathematical Exercises: have this brought to the booksellers, so that they may send it to Frankfurt, and let them give one or two copies to Marnius. I should also like Casselius’ interpretation of Aristotle’s Rhetoric; Marnius will pay the price in my name: and also Casselius’ interpretation of the Orations which are in Thucydides. All these works I once had, published at Rostock. LETTER LIX. TO JOHANN MEURSIUS. S. D. Iacobus Bongarsius. Copenhagen, The things you sent concerning the funeral are welcome, because they came from you, whom I esteem, and rightly must; because they come from your affection toward me; because I shall become more learned from them. But with regard to the Glossary of which you hold out a certain hope, you truly make me happy. For in those more recent Greek writers there are things that trouble me; and also in matters concerning Constantinople there are very many things that I do not understand. Therefore do what you are doing: continue to dispel these shadows with the light of your genius, and to deserve well of good letters. This life, still wandering, holds me for now, and with God’s favor I shall put an end to it this year; but you I shall love and honor forever. Farewell. Frankfurt, 6 Oct. 1604. T 2 EPI-
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA LX. PETRO CURSIO RHETORI IN ACADEMIA ROMANA. S. D. Desiderius Erasmus. C Uum Romanus in Christo pater & D. D. Matthæus. H. S. Angeli Cardinalis Roma in Germaniam revertisset, nihil mihi prius fuit, quam ut ex suis familiaribus, inter quos nonnulli sunt, quibuscun trecentos salis modios, ut est in proverbio, consumpsi, intelligerem, quidnam bonæ spei de componendis dissidiis, & resarcienda Christiana concordia afferrent, eam- que ob causam ad quendam præstantissimum, mihique charissimum illius aulæ Principem virum literas e vestigio dedi, ut mihi hunc scrupulum eximetet. Eram enim inter sacrum & saxum, quod ajunt, dum spe ac metu huc illuc- que jactarer, constitutus, verebarque ne causa publica in privatis affectibus omnino desereretur. Qui cum primum epistolam aperuisset, & manum meam jamdiu suis oculis familiarem agnovisset, ad Cardinalem statim accurrit, nunciatque literas esse ab Erasmo. Quo audito Cardinalis suaviter subridens egregie inquit, nobiscum agitur, quod Erasmus nos literis suis invisat, nam annus mihi esse videtur, ex quo ne apicem quidem ab co literarum conspexi. Quid multis? recitari eas jussit, & sub finem earum magna mea cum laude, quam de pacando religionis statu sollicitus essem, plane regia, & tali Principe digna verba in frequentissimo illius aulæ theatro protulit. Nihil se usquam habere, quod doctorum virorum proprium esse nolit, multaque alia de me adjunxit, quæ modestiæ causa prudens omitto. Sed unum tamen hoc præterire non possum, quod aureum poculum artificiossime cælatum, quod tum conger- ronibus suis forte ostentabat, transmitti ad me veluti animi erga me sui voluerit, ut declararet gratam sibi fuisse sollicitudinem meam. Quo ego profecto ita fui ob Phidiacum plane artificium delectatus, ut professus sim inter doctissimos, & scitissimos compotores meos, qui tum aderant, inter quos fuit B. Rhenanus, & Henricus Glareanus, hic Poëticæ, quæ bibax esse solet, ille Historiæ deditus, me non alio poculo, vel pharmacum adversus calculum, vel ad extinguendam sitim liquorem sumpturum esse. Nam operculum, quod paulo infra crepidinem Æsculapium tornatilem habebat, medicinæ propinandæ fabrefactum data opera videbatur. Cyathus ipse non mediocris capacitatis circumhabebat Satyros, & in corum medio Bacchum ebriosulum tanta, ita me Deus amet, elegantia, ut jam Praxitelis opera mihi fordere perfacile possint. Sed hæc præter rem. Perlectis literis meis responde- ri mihi jussit, Paulum. III. Pont. Max. ab ipsa statim electione pollicitum esse sibi, & Romano in Christo Patri & Domino D. Bernardo Cardinali Tridentino, concilium se congregaturum, ut infinita malorum examina apud Germa- nos
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CLARISS. ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTLE LX. TO PETRO CURSIO, RHETORICIAN IN THE ROMAN ACADEMY. S. D. Desiderius Erasmus. When the Roman father in Christ and D. D. Matthaeus H. S., Cardinal of the Angels, had returned from Rome to Germany, nothing was more important to me than to learn from his intimates, among whom there are some with whom I have, as the proverb says, consumed three hundred saltes of salt, what hope there might be of settling the disputes and restoring Christian concord; and for that reason I immediately sent letters to a certain most distinguished prince, and one most dear to me, of that court, that he might remove this scruple from me. For I was, as they say, between the altar and the stone, tossed this way and that by hope and fear, and I feared lest the public cause should be wholly abandoned to private feelings. When he had first opened the letter and recognized my hand, long familiar to his eyes, he at once ran to the Cardinal and announced that there were letters from Erasmus. On hearing this, the Cardinal smiled sweetly and said excellently, “We are well treated, since Erasmus visits us with his letters; for it seems to me a year since I have seen even the slightest word from him.” Why say more? He ordered them to be read aloud, and toward the end of them, with great praise of me, because I was concerned about settling the condition of religion, he uttered words in the busiest theater of that court, words clearly royal and worthy of such a Prince. He said he had nothing anywhere that he would not wish to be the property of learned men, and he added many other things about me, which for reasons of modesty I prudently omit. But I cannot pass over this one thing: that a golden cup, most artfully chased, which he happened at the time to be displaying to his companions, he wished to have sent to me as a token of his feelings toward me, to show that my concern had been pleasing to him. I was certainly so delighted by that truly Phidian workmanship that I declared before my learned and most knowledgeable drinking companions, who were then present, among whom were B. Rhenanus and Henricus Glareanus, the one devoted to Poetry, which is usually fond of drink, the other to History, that I would drink from no other cup, whether a medicine against stone or a liquid to quench thirst. For the cover, which just below the rim had a turning-worked Aesculapius, seemed to have been deliberately fashioned for administering medicine. The cup itself, of moderate capacity, was adorned all around with satyrs, and in their midst a tipsy Bacchus, with such elegance, so help me God, that I could now easily attribute it to the work of Praxiteles. But this is beside the point. When my letters had been read, I was ordered to be answered that Pope Paul III, immediately upon his election, had promised to himself and to the Roman father in Christ and Lord D. Bernard, Cardinal of Trento, that he would convene a council, so that the countless disorders among the Germans...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 149 nos funditus extirpentur, & eradicentur. Reliquum esse, ut ipsi homines eruditos & cordatos passim in Germania cohortentur, ut religioni ferre suppetias velint. E quibus certe plus quam monogrammum amplissimus Præsul me primum nominare decrevit. Sed tamen committere non voluit, quin me de nonnullorum impudentia, de quibus Romæ intellexerat, admoneret, qui Theoninis dentibus famam meam arroderent, & lacerarent. Idque eo consilio fecit prudentissimus & hoc prope solo facto illustrissimus Princeps, ut labes mihi asperas prius abstergerem, quam huic studio me præpararem. Equidem non ignorabam Romæ esse, qui nomen meum sugillarent, sed tamen qui mihi tam manifestam calumniam impingeret, quam a te fieri audiebam, neminem esse usquam ne somniare quidem potui. Ajunt enim te detorquere nescio quam voculam impressorum incuria depravatam ad meam ignominiam, adeoque fulmina quædam orationum scribere, & misellum Erasmum in sacerrimis studiis desudantem ita traducere, ut nunc omnia fora, omnia templa, omnia compita, omnia convivia, nihil aliud crepent, quam sacrilegum Erasmum, & sexcentis tauris Phalaridis dignum. Quo audito mirari principio, deinde obstupescere, postremo etiam obstipescere coepi, quid te induxerit, ut mihi non alia ratione, quam injuria notus esse velis. Nomen enim tuum alioqui nunquam audieram. Age mi Petre, te oro obtestorque perviscera Christi cogitemus, quanto in discrimine versemur, quot hæresium diluvia, quot bellorum tumultus, quot dissidiorum incendia Christianum orbem inundent. Missas faciamus has tam insignes calumnias, cujusmodi mille objicere etiam diligentissimis, & sanctissimis doctoribus possis. Nam ut tandem ad rem veniamus, quid obsecro flagitii commissi. Attalum ceu imbellem notaverim, quem Hecatæus in Dionysium αποπλημον ἐκ ἀμαχον adpellat? an mihi dependendum est, quod typographorum ignavia commisit? aut non eram ego in Anticyram relegandus perpetuo, qui bellicosissimæ omnium nationum Italiæ auferre hanc gloriam conarer? certe nominis mei oblitus esse videri possem, si Latinorum, Græcorumque hominum scripta omnia Italiæ laudibus amplissimis scatere non meminissem. Præcipue verò his, quæ ad literarum, & militiæ gloriam spectant. Verum adco nullam in me suspitionem inferendæ injuriæ extare nunc, aut extitisse unquam testis est mihi animus meus, cum haud recte meminerim, ubi de Attalis ista scriptis meis prodiderim, neque eram unquam id animadversurus, nisi amanuensis meus recordatus fuisset in proverbio Myconius Calvus, tale quidpiam esse, ubi statim deprehendi formularios, quibus non satis familiare erat Attalorum nomen, ex eo Italum fecisse. Atque utinam mihi non quotidie hujusmodi tragediæ excitarentur. Nuper enim cum inter imprimendum excusores aliquot conquesti fuissent, me sibi Xenia nondum persolvisse, exortus est inter eos quidam cæteris violentior, qui pro- siteretur se poenas a me exacturum, ni darem. Atque id profecto veterator tam egregie effecit, ut aureis nummis trecentis redimere eam ignominiam voluisset. Cum enim in viduamea, quam Serenissimæ Ungariæ Reginæ dedicave- T 3 ram
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 149 that we may be utterly rooted out and eradicated. The remainder is that learned and prudent men everywhere in Germany should be encouraged to come to the aid of religion. Among these, certainly more than a monogram, the most illustrious Prelate resolved to name me first. Yet he did not want to omit warning me about the insolence of certain persons, of whom he had learned at Rome, who would gnaw at and tear my reputation with canine teeth. And this the wisest and on this account almost alone most illustrious Prince did for no other purpose than that I should first brush off the dirty stains before preparing myself for this undertaking. Indeed, I was not unaware that there were men at Rome who would malign my name; but that anyone would level against me such a manifest calumny as I heard was done by you, I could never even dream of. For they say that you twist some little word, distorted by the carelessness of the printers, to my dishonor, and write certain thunderbolts of speeches, and so slander wretched Erasmus, toiling in the holiest studies, that now all the marketplaces, all the temples, all the crossroads, all the banquets, are saying nothing else than “the sacrilegious Erasmus,” and “worthy of six hundred bulls of Phalaris.” On hearing this, I began first to marvel, then to be astonished, and finally even to be confounded, at what has moved you to wish to be known to me in no other way than by injury. For otherwise I had never heard your name. Come now, my Peter, I beg and implore you by the bowels of Christ, let us consider in what peril we are living, how many floods of heresies, how many tumults of wars, how many fires of discord are inundating the Christian world. Let us set aside these so outstanding calumnies, such as you could also bring against a thousand even of the most diligent and holiest teachers. For, to come at last to the point, what crime, I ask, have I committed? Have I branded Attalus as unwarlike, he whom Hecataeus calls in relation to Dionysius αποπλημον ἐκ ἀμαχον? Or must I pay for what the negligence of the printers has committed? Or was I not to be banished forever to Anticyra, I who tried to deprive Italy, the most warlike of all nations, of this glory? Certainly I might seem to have forgotten my own name if I had not remembered that the writings of Latin and Greek men alike are full of the highest praises of Italy, especially those that concern the glory of letters and of arms. But that no suspicion of intending injury can now be brought against me, or ever has been, my own mind is witness, since I do not rightly remember where in my writings I published those things about the Attalii, nor should I ever have noticed it, had not my amanuensis recalled that in the proverb “Myconius Calvus,” there is something of that sort, where I at once perceived that the formulists, to whom the name of the Attalii was not sufficiently familiar, had from this made it “Italian.” And would that tragedies of this kind were not stirred up against me every day. For recently, when several correctors were complaining during printing that I had not yet paid them for the Xenia, there arose among them one more violent than the rest, who declared that he would exact penalties from me unless I paid. And indeed that rogue accomplished this so well that he would have wished to redeem that disgrace with three hundred gold coins. For when in my viduamea , which I had dedicated to the Most Serene Queen of Hungary,
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150 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. ram ad laudem cujusdam Sanctissimæ foeminæ inter alia liberalitatem illius in pauperes referrem, hæc verba subjunxi. Atque mente illa usam eam semper fuisse, quæ talem foeminam deceret. Unde scelestus ille anunadvertens sibi vindictæ occasionem oblatam esse, ex mente illa, mentula fecit; itaque volumina mille fuere impressa. Quid igitur mirum, si istorum hominum quispiam vel per errorem, vel sciens, volensque fefellerit? hoc profecto constat, in archetypo meo Attalum scriptum esse, sed nescio quo fato bis jam hæc vox magnos mihi tumultus peperit. Reprehensum enim a Lovaniensibus Theologis in me fuit, quod Act. XIII. ex Italia mutarim ad fidem Græcorum Codicum Attalia, atque ob eam causam me prope impium esse proclamabant, quod negarem Paulum in Italiam unquam venisse, quasi vero non tota fere Apostolorum Historia id pertractet. Nunc vero rursum, quod librarii Attalum in Italum commutarint me omnino inscio, novum mihi a te bellum indicitur, adeoque ut ajunt vix arbitror usquam alias calamitosissimum Aten ut Homerus ait, infestiorem mihi sese exhibuisse, quam in Attalia cognata sibi voce, vel ipso etiam sono metuenda. Cæterum, charissime frater, admonitum te velim, ne vel tuo ipsius judicio, vel instinctu aliorum te ipsum in hujusmodi præcipitia abjiceres, in quibus prope semper plus inest incommodi, quam gloriæ. Si hac via adgrediaris aucupandæ gloriolæ rationem, nihil efficies aliud, quam ut totum te deridendum propines aliis. Respondere debes his, qui nomini tuo isthic officiunt, conanturque tenebras offundere. Comperi enim postea te Archilocum habere, quem in nomen tuum proprio rabies armavit jambo. In eo tu conficiendo olei plus debes consumere, quam in appetendo Erasmo, qui jam deponentus senex, tot exantlatis molestiis, nihil aliud est, quam Afinus non omnino iners inter simias. Illi rursum, qui mihi insultant, canes videntur esse in præsepi, qui armenta a foeno invidis latratibus abigunt, quo ipsi non vescuntur. Quodsi cognovero, quod equidem non spero, te vel tantillum contra me publicare, experieris (ni fallor) Erasimum jam. LXX. annosnatum, neque edentulum esse omnino, neque exunguem. Si vero modestus, ut spero, fueris, tibi gratias quoque sum habiturus, qui me librariorum ignaviæ commonefeceris. Sunt enim Chiliades multis decuriis, quæ tamen ad centuriam non perveniunt, revocatæ sub prælum, ubi literulas has mutari curabo. Quæ mihi, ni mature prævenissem, magnæ tempestatis causa futuræ fuissent. Quod reliquum est, dare operam debemus, ne bonæ literæ apud imperitos male audiant propter inanes digladiationes, quæ tandem, nisi dimicare in frivolis rebus desierimus, non modo putribus ovis a plebe promiscua dirimentur, sed etiam catenis, quibus vesaniam nostram coërceant. Deus Opt. Max. faxit, ut submissis animis nostris suscipere illius gratiam possimus, cujus præsidio nefarios Ecclesiæ hostes prosternere valeamus. Vale, & nomine meo Genesium Sepulvedam, & Aug. Eugubinum viros insignes cohortare, ut studiis suis, labefactatis rebus succurrere potius velint, quam pantalabi
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150 CLARISSIMUS ET DOCTISSIMUS. For I had added these words, in praising a certain most holy woman, among other things her liberality toward the poor. And always, I said, she had used that disposition which became such a woman. Whereupon that wicked fellow, noticing that an occasion for revenge had been offered him, turned that disposition into “mentula”; and thus a thousand volumes were printed. What wonder, then, if one of those men, whether by mistake or knowingly and willfully, misled someone? This is certainly clear: in my archetype “Attalus” was written, but I know not by what fate this word has now twice stirred up great troubles for me. For I was censured by the Theologians of Louvain because in Acts XIII I changed, on the authority of the Greek codices, “from Italy” into “Attalia,” and for that reason they were crying out that I was almost impious, because I denied that Paul had ever come into Italy, as if the whole history of the Apostles did not treat of that almost throughout. But now again, because the scribes, without my knowledge at all, changed “Attalus” into “Italian,” a new war is declared against me by you, and so, as they say, I scarcely think that ever elsewhere the most wretched Ate, as Homer says, showed itself more hostile to me than in “Attalia,” a cognate word to be feared even by its very sound. Moreover, dearest brother, I would warn you not to cast yourself into such precipices either by your own judgment or at the instigation of others, in which there is almost always more inconvenience than glory. If you take up this path in the pursuit of a little glory, you will accomplish nothing else than to expose your whole self to be laughed at by others. You ought to reply to those who offend your name there and try to cast darkness upon it. For I later learned that you have an Archilochus, whom his own rage has armed against your name with a special iambic. In composing that, you ought to consume more oil than in attacking Erasmus, who, now an old man on the verge of laying down his burden, after so many toils endured, is nothing other than an ass not altogether idle among monkeys. Those, again, who insult me, seem to me to be dogs in a manger, who drive the herds away from the hay with envious barking, though they themselves do not feed on it. But if I should learn, which indeed I do not hope, that you have published anything even the least against me, you will experience, if I am not mistaken, Erasmus now seventy years old, and not altogether toothless, nor without claws. But if you are moderate, as I hope, I shall also owe you thanks, since you have reminded me of the negligence of the scribes. For there are multitudes, in many decades, which yet do not reach the hundred, called back to the press, where I shall take care that these little letters be changed. Had I not quickly forestalled this, they would have been the cause of a great storm for me. What remains is that we must take care that good letters do not fall into ill repute among the unlearned because of empty brawling, which in the end, unless we cease to fight over frivolous matters, will not only be separated from the common crowd by rotten eggs, but also by chains, with which they may restrain our madness. May God, the Best and Greatest, grant that with humble spirits we may be able to receive His grace, by whose protection we may be able to overthrow the wicked enemies of the Church. Farewell, and in my name exhort the distinguished men Genesius Sepúlveda and Aug. Eugubinus to be willing to succor the tottering state by their studies rather than pantalabi
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 151 pantalabi esse. Datum Friburgi Brisgojæ. Quinto idus Ianuarias. M. D. xxxv. EPISTOLA LXI. BEATUS RHENANUS. S. D. Francisco Calvo. Papiam. A Jebas apud Alciatum Historicos quosdam esse, qui post inclinationem Ro- mani imperii scripserunt, cujus generis esse puto Scotum, quem in suis annotationibus subinde citat Alciatus: & pollicebaris eos te nobis communicaturum. Itaque rogo plurimum, ut, si fieri queat, per hunc tabellarium ejusmodi aliquid ad nos mittas. Nam quod Alciatus in suis in Tacitum annotantis scribit, in alpeis Carolum Magnum conjecisse Saxonas; omnino videtur ex aliquo ejus generis Historico compertum habere. Martinus Lutherus non fuit a Saxoniæ duce Friderico destitutus, neque unquam e Vittenberga pedem movit, verum ibidem locum & dignitatem retinens appellavit ad futurum concilium, quam nunc appellationem Hagenoæ Thomas Anselmus imprimit. Imprimit & Luciani Nazianzenique quædam a Melanchthone & versa & missa. Necnon Athanasi quæstiones, quas Capnion, ut scis, latinitate donavit. Putantur, autem Turegi comitia celebrantur. Quod si fiat, de nostro regno timendum est. Dux Wittenburgensis insignis crudelitatis exemplum in Rutelingam edidit. Commenda me incomparabili virtutis & literarum decori Dn. Jo. Grolierio, & Andræ Alciato. Bene Vale Basileæ. 9. Febr. An. M. D. XIX. EPISTOLA LXII. BEATUS RHENANUS. S. D. Francisco Calvo. Papiam. Misit ad te Frobenius Tyrium, & compendium illud Erasmicum, quod plus Christianæ Theologiæ habet, quam aliorum Tu vicissim des operam, ut mittas, quæ promisisti. Porro hoc tibi persuade, nihil a te posse fieri, quod inprimis Christo, deinde studiosis omnibus gratius sit futurum, quam si hoc pacto literis bonis consulueris. Erit hoc in rem tuam, & nominis immortalitatem tibi parabit. Scripsit ex Friburgo Zasius libellum suum indiligenter in officina Frobeniana tractatum. In causa fuit castigator novus, qui huic provinciæ nondum assueverat, ut sæpe Zasii vicem doluerim, cujus opus in tyronis manus incidisset. Itaque mendas omneis adnotavit, & jussit eas in charta separatim imprimi, quæ sit ad finem operis adjicienda. Utinam a te minus exemplarium esset a vectum. Maximilianus Augustus pridie Epipha- niæ
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LETTERS OF MEN. 151 It can be of the pantalabi. Dated at Freiburg in Breisgau. On the fifth day before the Ides of January. 1535. LETTER LXI. BEATUS RHENANUS. S. D. To Francisco Calvo. Pavia. I have heard that there are at Jebas, among Alciatus’s historians, certain writers who wrote after the decline of the Roman Empire, of whose sort I think is the Scot whom Alciatus continually cites in his annotations; and you had promised that you would communicate them to us. Therefore I earnestly ask that, if possible, you send us something of that kind by this messenger. For what Alciatus writes in his annotations on Tacitus, that Charlemagne drove the Saxons into the Alps, seems altogether to show that he has learned it from some historian of that sort. Martin Luther was not abandoned by Frederick, Duke of Saxony, nor did he ever move a foot from Wittenberg, but, remaining there in his position and dignity, he appealed to a future council; and this appeal is now being printed at Hagenau by Thomas Anselmus. He also prints some works of Lucian and of Gregory of Nazianzus, translated and sent by Melanchthon. Likewise the Questions of Athanasius, which, as you know, Capnion rendered into Latin. It is thought, however, the assemblies are being held at Zurich. If that should happen, our realm must fear for itself. The Duke of Wittenberg has given an example of notable cruelty at Rutelinga. Commend me to the incomparable ornament of virtue and learning, Mr. Jo. Grolierius, and to Andræ Alciatus. Farewell at Basel, 9 February, in the year 1519. LETTER LXII. BEATUS RHENANUS. S. D. To Francisco Calvo. Pavia. Frobenius has sent you Tyrius, and that little compendium of Erasmus, which contains more Christian theology than others. Do you in turn take care to send what you promised. Moreover, persuade yourself of this: that nothing can be done by you which will be more agreeable, first to Christ, and then to all students, than if in this way you have cared for good letters. This will be to your advantage, and it will win you immortality of name. Zasius wrote from Freiburg that his little book had been handled carelessly in Frobenius’s workshop. The cause was a new corrector, who had not yet become accustomed to this task, so that I have often grieved for Zasius’s lot, whose work had fallen into the hands of a novice. Therefore he noted all the errors and ordered them to be printed separately on a sheet, which is to be added at the end of the work. Would that fewer copies had been sent from you. Maximilian Augustus, on the eve of Epiphany...
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152 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. niæ decessit, nondum rebus omnibus ad umbilicum perductis, quas fuerat ex- orsus. Moliebatur magna quædam. Sed ô fatorum invidiam! quæ præclaris operibus finem non conceditis, at ea potius in medio plerunque cursu repente præter omnium expectationem abrumpens, ô duriciem fatorum, quæ precibus exorari non potestis. Ajunt πῶν Basileα τῶν κελτῶν αἰς τῶν ἀνω Bregendorfian εμβάθεν. Putasne seriatiuros τῶς ἔνετῶς. Hui quantum turbarum? Saluta Andream Alciatum eximium Italiæ decus, Benedictum Iovium, Domitium Fasconum, Telesinum, Dardanum Jo. Franciscum Quintianum. in primis autem Stephanum Nigrum & L. Cœlium. Grolierio Musarum Patrono tac me commendes. Mitte Cucullomastiga, nosti cujus. Chalcidium Frobenius studiosis promisit in epistola, quam ad Tyrii finem adjecit. Bene Vale charissime frater. Basileæ. Sexto Calendas Februarias. An. M. D. XIX. EPISTOLA LXIII. HENRICO RANZOVIO PRODUCI CIMBRICO. S.D. Josephus Scaliger. Segelbergam. Tuas literas humanitatis plenissimas, illustrissime Heros, longioribus prosequi debueram, siquidem per angustias temporis licuisset. Sed hoc incommodi intervenit, quod necessitas ad eas respondendi mihi prius imposita sit, quam facultas data eas legendi. Ecce enim in ipso articulo is ipse, qui tuas milii reddidit, Fridericus Lindenbrog Hamburgensis, utriusque nostri studiosissimus, istas a me exegit, quod nactus esset, cui tuto eas committeret. Alioqui meliorem copiam mihi dari non posse. Itaque Cæsarianum facinus feci. Eadem opera & tibi respondi & tuas legi. Ignosces igitur pro tua humanitate, si brevioribus tecum ago. Erit locus postea, ubi & plenius & uberius respondere dabitur. Interea non possum dissimulare, quanta voluptate me assecerint tuæ literæ, quod ex illis me a te amari intellexi. Nam quod etiam plurimi me fieri sensi, id tua bonitate potius, quam merito meo factum puto. Tua virtus, eruditio, generis splendor ejusmodi sunt, ut & ab invitis aliquam confessionem exprimere possint. Quid putas amantes tui facturos, qui ea tacere non possunt? in quibus ego aut principem locum teneo, aut saltem, nemini concedo. Nuper incidit in manus meas liber de Bello Dithmarsico. Quanta voluptate me perfudit memoria illustris Patris tui, qui illis rebus interfuit, & præfuit. Non dicam, qua alacritate animi ea legerim. Amici mei testes sunt quantum amem eos, de quibus non possum loqui, nisi prius laudaverim. Sed quid te moror? scito te a me tanti fieri, quanti neminem. Cyclometrica mea nescio, quo fato prius ediderim, quam scripserim pene. Item verum ἐκτεωμα fuit foetura illa. Et plurimis ansam dedimus etiam imperitissimis in nos scribendi. Sed nunc plane res edolata est. Et speramus nos saltem περαγωνισμὸν verum edituros. Neque erit locus aut amicis vicem
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152 THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. he died, before all the matters he had undertaken were brought to completion. He was planning something great. But, oh the envy of fate! You do not grant an end to distinguished works, but rather, most often, by suddenly breaking them off in mid-course, beyond everyone’s expectation, oh harshness of fate, which cannot be moved by prayers. They say that from the Basle of the Celts, to the higher Bregendorfian valley. Do you think there will be a gathering? How much commotion there is! Greet Andrea Alciato, the outstanding glory of Italy, Benedictus Iovius, Domitius Fasconus, Telesinus, Dardanus, Jo. Franciscus Quintianus; and above all Stephen Niger and L. Cœlius. Commend me to Grolier, patron of the Muses. Send Cucullomastix, you know whose. Frobenius promised Chalcidius to the learned in the letter which he added at the end of Tyrius. Farewell, dearest brother. Basle, on the sixth day before the Calends of February, in the year 1519. EPISTLE LXIII. TO HENRICUS RANZOVIUS, DUKE OF CIMBRIA. S.P.D. Joseph Scaliger. Segelberg. Your letters, most illustrious hero, filled with the greatest courtesy, I ought to have answered at greater length, if the pressure of time had allowed. But this inconvenience intervened: the necessity of replying to them was imposed on me before I had been given the opportunity of reading them. For at the very moment the man who delivered yours to me, Frederick Lindenbrog of Hamburg, most devoted to both of us, pressed me for these letters, because he had found someone to whom he could safely entrust them. Otherwise, he said, he could not give me a better opportunity. Thus I committed a deed worthy of Caesar: by the same effort I both answered you and read your letters. You will therefore forgive me, in your courtesy, if I speak more briefly with you. There will be a later occasion when I shall be able to reply both more fully and more amply. Meanwhile I cannot conceal how much pleasure your letters gave me, since from them I learned that I am loved by you. And as for my perceiving that I am held in very high esteem, I think that is due rather to your kindness than to any merit of mine. Your virtue, learning, and nobility of birth are such that they can draw some admission even from the unwilling. What do you think your admirers will do, who cannot keep silent about these things? Among them I either hold the first place, or at least уступаю no one. Recently a book on the Dithmarsic War came into my hands. How much delight the memory of your illustrious father, who took part in those events and commanded them, poured over me! I shall not say with what eagerness of mind I read it. My friends are witnesses how much I love those of whom I cannot speak without first praising them. But why do I delay you? Know that you are esteemed by me as highly as anyone. My Cyclometrica, I know not by what fate, I published almost before I had written it. Likewise that production was a true ἐκτεωμα. And to many, even the most unlearned, we gave occasion to write against us. But now the matter is plainly worked out. And we hope at least to publish a true περαγωνισμὸν. Nor will there be room either for friends for turn
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VIRORUM EPISTOLA. 153 vicem nostram dolendi, aut inimicis nos insectandi. Vale illustrissime Heros. Lugduni Batav. VII. Kal. Octobr. c13. 13. xcv. EPISTOLA LXIV. HENRICO RANZOVIO PRODUCI CIMBRICO. S.D. Josephus Scaliger. Sogobergam, Volumen tuarum Epistolarum, Vir illustriss. hodie accepi: quod plurimis nominibus mihi gratissimum esse debet, sed præcipue, quod tot tanti- que viri operas contulerunt, ut te in acerbissimo casu tuo consolarentur. Ac quanquam tu vir tanto animo, tantaque fortitudine satis præsidii & a natura & ab institutione habes, quo adversam omnem fortunam excipias, cum te consolari possis iis fructibus, quos ex literis quotidie consequeris: tamen illi egregii Heroes, illi summi viri societate doloris abunde testati sunt, quanti te facerent in hoc gratiore, quam jucundiore officio suo. Equidem non du- bito, quin tu homo iis rebus gestis, ea humanitate literarum, alios potius con- solari possis, quam ut tu ipse aliena consolatione indigeas, nisi penitus te o- mnes industriæ tuæ fructus perdidisse dicendum fuerit, quod non magis tibi accidere potest, quam te dissimilem tui esse. Tamen illi recti & ex officio, qui & literis suis officiosissimis, & allocationibus amantissimis obviam ierunt dolori tuo, quicunque humanitus te opprimere potuisset, nisi aliunde explo- ratam & explicatam haberes rationem consolationum tuarum. Et sane in recenti vulnere tuo meum quoque erat, horum virorum exemplo, aut consolando aut æque dolendo officium meum testari. Quod quamvis a nobis præstitum non sit, tamen id exigere potuisti jure tuo, cum ejus adhuc me debitorem profi- tear. Nunc eo rem rediisse video, ut tibi potius gratulari debeamus, quod fortiter ærumnas tuas tuleris, quam ut necesse sit vulneribus tuis, quæ jam consanuerunt, manus inferre, si non volumus prudentiæ tuæ diffidere, quam tantam esse judicamus, ut te nihil cogitare quidem putemus, quod non di- gnum sit & natalibus tuis, & instituto, & persona. Itaque quemadmodum omnia animi bona in te esse mihi persuasi, ita unam fortitudinem tibi nun- quam defuturam puto. Videor pro jure amicitiæ nostræ facturus, si de fi- lii luctu, qui in Gallia cæsus est, hoc carmine te compellem. Et Vale, Vir illustriss. VII. Eid. Novembris. c13. 13. xcv. Lugduni Batavorum. Nulla ergo flendi meta tam carum caput? Nec ulla finis lacrimarum, nec pudor? Sero parentem te fuisse cogitas. Quem non habere sentiebas antea, Amissione is carior factus tibi est. Quod si in dolorem nil amici possumus V Aut
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LETTER OF THE MEN. 153 either to lament with us, or to attack our enemies. Farewell, most illustrious Hero. Leyden, VII. Kal. Octobr. c13. 13. xcv. LETTER LXIV. TO HENRY RANZOVIUS, COUNT OF CIMBRIA. S.D. Joseph Scaliger. Sogoberg, I have today received the volume of your Letters, most illustrious Sir; which must be most gratifying to me for many reasons, but especially because so many and so great men have applied their efforts to console you in your bitter misfortune. And although you, a man of such spirit and such fortitude, have sufficient support both from nature and from education to meet every adverse fortune, since you can console yourself with those fruits which you daily derive from letters: yet those outstanding Heroes, those supreme men, by their shared sorrow abundantly showed how highly they valued you in this more troublesome than pleasant duty of theirs. Indeed, I do not doubt that you, a man accomplished in such deeds and such literary humanity, can rather console others than that you yourself should need another’s consolation, unless it must be said that you have utterly lost the fruits of all your industry, which can no more happen to you than that you should be unlike yourself. Yet those upright men, and those acting from duty, who met your grief both with their most dutiful letters and with their most loving consolations, would have assuaged whatever could humanly have oppressed you, if you had not elsewhere at hand and clearly explained the means of your own consolation. And truly, in your recent wound, it was also my duty, following the example of these men, either to show my office by consoling you or by sharing your sorrow equally. Although this was not done by us, yet you could justly have demanded it of me, since I acknowledge myself still your debtor for it. Now I see the matter has come to this, that rather we ought to congratulate you on having borne your misfortunes bravely, than that it should be necessary to lay hands upon your wounds, which are now healed, unless we are unwilling to trust your prudence, which we judge to be so great that we think you do not even contemplate anything that is not worthy both of your birth, your upbringing, and your station. Therefore, just as I have convinced myself that all the goods of the mind are in you, so I think that one thing alone, fortitude, will never be lacking to you. It seems to me, in virtue of the right of our friendship, that I shall be doing a proper thing if, concerning the grief for your son, who was slain in Gaul, I address you with this poem. And farewell, most illustrious Sir. VII. Eid. Novembris. c13. 13. xcv. Leyden. Is there then no limit to weeping for a head so dear? Nor any end to tears, nor any shame? Too late you think that you were a father. Him whom before you felt that you did not possess, By his loss he has become dearer to you. But if to grief friends can in nothing Or
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Aut alloquendo, aut increpando: at aureus Flos liberorum, qui superstes mortuo est, Quotidianam hanc demat agrimoniam. Gnatos ademptos qui nimis desiderat, Injuriosus in relictos est pater. EPISTOLA LXV. JOSEPHUS SCALIGER. S.D. Claudio Salmasio. Heidelbergam. Beneficiis jam plus satis me onerasti. Habes me jam totum in ære tuo. Quantum tibi debeam, scio. Quando solvam, nescio. Accepi igitur ra X; de quibus idem tecum sentio. Monachalia plane sunt. Fru- etum aliquem jam ex lectione eorum percepia. Neque vero operam lusi in legendo: & certe si non ulla alia recommendanda essent, eo solo essent, quod post tot annos e oblivionis latebris eruta sunt Multum novitas nos afficit: & vetusta, quæ diu latuerunt, postquam lucem viderunt, nova sunt. Quid di- cam de procemio illius Gazensis Grammatici? Certe feliciter audax est. Si talis est in toto opere, qualem promittit procemium, non dubitem illum cum Nonno comparare. Quid facias? is erat ejus sæculi stilus, ut nihil bonum dictum esset, nullum poëma nisi . Utinam per tuas occupationes liceat tibi describere totum, & ad me mittere. Noli dubitare, quin multa cognitu digna habeat, quæ nobis materiam utilium notarum suggerent, quas omnes tibi mittam. Certe te in hac ætate tam be- ne de literis mereri non minus ad gloriam tuam, quam ad publicam utilita- tem pertinet. Epigrammata vellem equidem te castigatiora edere, & quidem meam operam tibi non inviderem. Sed quædam sine meliore codice emendari non possunt, ego non minus ingenium meum, quam vires cor- poris senescere jamdudum & sentio & queror. Consilium de editione hoc duntaxat dare possum. Scis Anthologiam in capita distinctam esse; auctor tibi fuerim, vel ille in sua capita conjicere cum nota quadam, quæ moneat lectorem ea nova esse. Vel omnia illa in calcem Antholo- giæ conjicere distincta per capita, ut est ipsa Anthologia, ut lector sciat ea referre ad capita Anthologiæ. Alterutrum facias necesse est. Et fortasse prius prætuleris posteriori, ut omnino editio sit eadem, quæ ante Planudem erat, qui misere eam deformavit. Expecto igitur Iohannem Gazensem, quem dabis Iudæ Bonenvittio, ut statim eum mittat ad affinem suum Ioh. Comme- linum mercatorem Amstelrædamensem. Audio te ab amplissimo Senatore pa- tre tuo in parriam revocari proxima æstate, aut autumno. Quod si ita est, non poeniteret te huc ad nos transisse, & nos invisere. Nihil tamen ausim tibi suadere præter animi tui voluntatem, aut viæ commoditatem. Nam al- tera compendiosior est. Habemus Hagæ ampliss. Præsidem Petrum Janinium vestra-
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Most clear and most learned. Either by speaking to them, or by reproving them: but the golden flower of children, who survives the dead man, may take away this daily sorrow. He who too much laments his lost children is a father unjust to those left behind. LETTER LXV. JOSEPH SCALIGER, greetings. To Claudius Salmasius. Heidelberg. You have already burdened me more than enough with favors. You have me now wholly in your debt. How much I owe you, I know. When I shall repay it, I do not know. I have therefore received the ten marks; and of them I feel the same as you do. They are quite monastic. I have already derived some profit from reading them. Nor indeed have I wasted my labor in reading them: and certainly, if no other recommendation were to be found, this alone would suffice, that after so many years they have been brought out from the hiding places of oblivion. Novelty has a great effect on us: and old things, which have long lain hidden, after they have seen the light, are new. What shall I say about the preface of that grammarian of Gaza? Certainly it is happily bold. If he is such throughout the whole work as his preface promises, I should not hesitate to compare him with Nonnus. What can you do? Such was the style of that age, that nothing was well said unless there was no poem except ... Would that your occupations might allow you to copy the whole and send it to me. Do not doubt that it contains many things worth knowing, which will suggest to us material for useful notes, all of which I shall send you. Certainly, in this age, for you to deserve so well of letters is no less to your glory than to the public benefit. I should indeed wish you to publish your epigrams in a more corrected form, and truly I would not grudge you my help. But some things cannot be corrected without a better manuscript; I myself feel and complain that my mind, no less than the strength of my body, has long since begun to grow old. I can give only this advice about the edition. You know that the Anthology is divided into chapters; I would advise you either to place them in their own chapters with some note that warns the reader that they are new material. Or else to place them all at the end of the Anthology, arranged by chapters as the Anthology itself is, so that the reader may know to refer them to the chapters of the Anthology. You must do one or the other. And perhaps you will prefer the first to the second, so that the edition may be altogether the same as it was before Planudes, who wretchedly disfigured it. I am therefore waiting for John of Gaza, whom you will give to Juda Bonenvittius, so that he may immediately send him to his kinsman John Commelin, the merchant of Amsterdam. I hear that you are to be recalled by your most illustrious father, the Senator, to your native land next summer, or in the autumn. If that is so, you would not regret having come here to us and visited us. Yet I would not dare advise you anything contrary to your own wish, or to the convenience of the journey. For the latter is the shorter. We have at The Hague the most illustrious President Petrus Janinius of your ...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 155 vestratem, cum quo patruelis patris tui est, quos ego nudius tertius conveni. Et antea aliquot dies usus sum hospitio ipsius Præsidis, qui & humanissime me excepit, & invitus me dimisit. Quicquid amplum, magnificum de eo dixero, minus quam pro ejus virtutibus dixero. Vale & me ama. VI. Kal. priores Februarii Iuliani. CIC. IX. VIII. EPISTOLA LXVI. Ioh. KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Is. Casaubonus. Aurelias, Ante horas opinor sex septem, mi Kirchmanne, tuas accepi, quibus jubeo ante responsonem expectare bene longam, & quæ, ut ille ait, utramque manum impleat. Sed dierum aliquot dari mihi veniam postulo, atque adeo flagito, sum enim occupatissimus: neque moram negotia patiuntur, quæ me nunc cum maxime ἀγασπῶσιν ἐνθεν κατθεν, non diu te traham. Omnino enim proxima hebdomada, σύντε τῶ ἰεῶν εἰπεῖν meas ad te solutiones, ad τὰς συνεκτοειαν aut certe συναπορησεις missurus sum. Interea pauca hæc tibi scribenda duxi, ut de constantia mei in te amoris non dubitares. Ego vero, Eruditissime vir, & amo te plurimum, & studiis tuis plane ex animo faveo. Perge vera humanitatis studia cum severioribus Musis, αγαθὴ τύχη, maritare: neque dubita hanc esse unam, hanc solam viam, quam seniores illi, ἐνδὲ παλαιοι calcarunt, quorum in omni genere literarum præstantiam orbis miratur. De Mercero me vide, & factum puta. Is mihi amicissimus est. Vale. Vir Eruditissime. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. Nonis Martii CIC. ICI. EPISTOLA LXVII.} I S. CASAUBONUS. S. D. Ioh. Kirchmanno. Aurelias. ET obrutus negotiis & curis confectus hæc ad te, Vir amicissime, scripsi: ut nihil mihi fide antiquius esse cognosceres: quæ ut scis, ex eo nomen habet, quod fiat id, quod dictum est. Ζητύσεων tuarum quadrigam priorem relegi hodie: simul quæ veniebant mihi in mentem, quo tibi satisfacerem, huic chartæ illevi. Quæris, quid sit in lege Numæ, fulmine occisum supra genua collere. Nobis quoque id loquendi genus negotium perfaepe fecit. Nam doctorum, quas affers interpretationes, plane sunt ανεμάπαιοι. Sed non est dubium significari a Pompilio iis verbis, quod usitatius & brevius dici solet, justa facere. Est enim αναληπητῶς mens legis hæc: non licere τὰς νομιζόμενα illi πιεῖν, quem occidisset fulmen. Putabat nimirum vetustas τὰς νερανο- ελητες Deorum odium esse promeritos: itaque ut superis exosos abominabantur: atque ut scleratis hominibus aqua & igni interdicebant: ita illos fato V 2 sum-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 155 your cousin on your father’s side, whom I met the day before yesterday. And some days earlier I made use of the hospitality of the President himself, who received me most kindly and let me go unwillingly. Whatever grand, magnificent thing I shall say about him, I shall say less than I ought for his virtues. Farewell, and love me. VI. Kal. prior of February, Julian. CIC. IX. VIII. LETTER LXVI. TO JOH. KIRCHMANN. S. D. Is. Casaubon. Aurelias, About six or seven hours ago, I think, my dear Kirchmann, I received your letter, in which I order you to await a rather long reply, and one which, as the saying goes, will fill both hands. But I ask, indeed insist upon, a delay of a few days, for I am most occupied: nor do my affairs allow any postponement, matters which are now, most of all, ἀγασπῶσιν ἐνθεν κατθεν upon me, and I shall not detain you long. For next week at the latest, to speak σύντε τῶ ἰεῶν, I shall send my answers to you, to τὰς συνεκτοειαν or at least συναπορησεις. In the meantime I thought I should write you these few lines, so that you would not doubt the constancy of my affection toward you. For indeed, most learned sir, I both love you greatly, and I am wholeheartedly favorable to your studies. Continue to join the true pursuits of humanity with the severer Muses, αγαθὴ τύχη; nor doubt that this is the one, this the only road which those elder men, ἐνδὲ παλαιοι, trod, whose excellence in every kind of learning the world admires. About Mercier, look into it for me, and consider it done. He is most friendly to me. Farewell, most learned man. At Paris. On the Nones of March, CIC. ICI. LETTER LXVII. I S. CASAUBONUS. S. D. TO JOH. KIRCHMANN. Aurelias. And crushed by business and worn out by cares, I wrote this to you, most friendly man: that you might know that nothing is dearer to me than fidelity; which, as you know, takes its name from the fact that that is done which has been said. Today I reread the first four of your ζητύσεις; at the same time I wrote down on this sheet whatever came into my mind, so as to satisfy you. You ask what it means in the law of Numa, “to heap up one slain by lightning over the knees.” This manner of speaking has often also caused us trouble. For the interpretations you bring forward from the scholars are plainly ανεμάπαιοι. But there is no doubt that Numa meant by these words what is more commonly and more briefly said, “to perform the rites.” For this is, without ambiguity, the sense of the law: that it was not permitted for him whom lightning had struck to drink the customary offerings. For antiquity thought that those νερανο-ελητες had incurred the hatred of the gods; and so, as they abhorred those hated by the gods, and as they forbade wicked men water and fire, so they by fate V 2 sum-
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156 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. functos funeris honore privabant: πούρο θέμις ἀἰτι Ἰανόντων. Sic suspendiosis justa facere fuit nefas; sic etiam apud Lacedæmonios σκήν ἐν θέμις ὑσίας πυχεῖν ἀνδεργινερον βελημητήν τὰ ὑπίσω, ait Eustathius. Hoc voluit Numa ἀναμε- φιελητιτως: sicut etiam subjecta apud Festum verba declarant. Est igitur supra tollere Θεροιοι ἀπο μεριν τὴν παντὸς ἔπιλωνη: hoc est πασης τῶς ἐθινερον ἐσίας ἐμὴνδειας. Proprie supra genua tollere iis convenit, qui corpus exanime nudabant, lavabant, ungebant. Muliercularum ea fuit cura ut plurimum: quæ humi sedentes cruribus porrectis, tibiisque supra genua positum cadaver curabant. Omnino legem Numæ explicant antiquæ statuæ, quas in hac urbe aliisque videmus. Mulieres sunt habentes Christi τὴν σωτήρον corpus cruci de tractatum, idque nudum, ἐντικίας ἀυτὸς. Si hujusmodi imagines vidisti, non quæres amplius, quid sit supra genua tollere. Nam ut dixi, ita fuit moris pollinctoribus aut mulieribus illis, quæ mortuorum corpora ἐπιεσθον, ut Græci loquuntur, & lavabant ungebantque. Nosti versum, Tarquinii corpus bona fæmina la- vit & unxit. Morem cremandi mortuos non Imperatorum constitutiones su- stulerunt: sed religionis Christianæ πιλιτεία. Sidonius Epist. III. lib. III. magis ad cremandi ritum allusit, quam significavit Christianis hominibus usurpatam fuisse κανο suo κανοναιν. Et aliter reîn habere certum est. Fuere autem Macrobius & Sidonius αquales. Ambos sub Theodosio Juniore vixisse constat. Plinii locum, de ignoratis Iliacis temporibus unguentis, attigimus in animadvers. in Athenæum lib. xv. cap. XI. vide ibi Athenæum; nam Plinius Græcum scriptorem habuit quidem ante oculos, sed parum ex fide sententiam illius expressit. Inter summi viri παροσματῶ, quæ non parva sunt, nec levia, hoc quoque censeri debet. Quod de Anacreonte subjicis, mirum quospectet; cum aliquot seculisejus ατatem ὑπι ὑπο ἔλιον præcedant. Idem sentiendum de legum XII. auctoribus. Non est neque obscurus neque difficilis ο ἰπολορομος. Apud Servium lego, moris fuit, ut noctibus efferrentur ad funalia, nisi mavis natum errorem ab imperiti critici emendatione, qui posteriori syllabæ vocis noctu superscripserat te, quasi egeret scilicet emendationis vox illa. Malo illud prius. Habes ad priorem quadrigam: neque nunc plura poteram: urgentibus molestissimis negotiis. Sed de cæteris jubeo te esse securum: non enim conturbabo. Vale. Et me constanter ama. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. III. Eid. Mart. 15. 131. EPISTOLA LXVIII. I S. CASAUBONUS. S. D. Ioh. Kirchmanno. Aureolias, Non feram, mi Kirchmanne, ut in ære tuo sim diutius. Atque utinam minus molestæ, minus graves occupationes essent, quæ nos assidue tenent: non responderem solum ad quæsita tua, verum quæstionibus ultro te fatigatum
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156 MOST FAMOUS AND LEARNED. they denied them the honor of funeral rites: πούρο θέμις ἀἰτι Ἰανόντων. Thus it was a crime to perform the proper offices for those hanging; so also among the Lacedaemonians σκήν ἐν θέμις ὑσίας πυχεῖν ἀνδεργινερον βελημητήν τὰ ὑπίσω, says Eustathius. This is what Numa intended ἀναμε- φιελητιτως: as the words quoted from Festus also show. Therefore to lift up above the knees Θεροιοι ἀπο μεριν τὴν παντὸς ἔπιλωνη: that is, πασης τῶς ἐθινερον ἐσίας ἐμὴνδειας. Properly, lifting above the knees is appropriate to those who were stripping, washing, and anointing an inanimate body. This task belonged mostly to women, who, sitting on the ground with their legs stretched out and the lower legs placed above the knees, tended the corpse. In general, ancient statues, which we see in this city and elsewhere, explain the law of Numa. The women are shown holding Christi τὴν σωτήρον body taken down from the cross, and that naked, ἐντικίας ἀυτὸς. If you have seen images of this kind, you will no longer ask what it is to lift above the knees. For, as I said, it was the custom of the undertakers or those women who, as the Greeks say, ἐπιεσθον the bodies of the dead, and washed and anointed them. You know the verse: a good woman washed and anointed the body of Tarquin. The custom of cremating the dead was not abolished by imperial constitutions, but by the religion of Christianity πιλιτεία. Sidonius, Epist. III, lib. III, alluded more to the rite of cremation than to the use among Christians of κανο suo κανοναιν. And the matter is certainly otherwise. Macrobius and Sidonius were contemporaries. It is established that both lived under Theodosius the Younger. We touched on Pliny’s passage, concerning the unknown times of Ilium and the perfumes, in the notes on Athenaeus, book XV, chapter XI; see Athenaeus there, for Pliny certainly had the Greek writer before his eyes, but he expressed that writer’s meaning somewhat inaccurately. Among the many, and not slight, mistakes of that great man, this too must be counted. What you add about Anacreon is surprising; since several centuries separate his age from ὑπι ὑπο ἔλιον. The same should be said of the authors of the Twelve Tables. ο ἰπολορομος is neither obscure nor difficult. In Servius I read that it was customary for the dead to be carried out by night to the funeral pyres, unless you prefer that the error arose from the correction of an ignorant critic, who had written te above the latter syllable of the word noctu, as if the word obviously needed correction. I prefer the former. You have enough for the first set of quadrigae; and now I could write no more, pressed as I am by very troublesome business. But I bid you be assured about the rest: I shall not cause confusion. Farewell. And love me steadfastly. Paris, III. Eid. Mart. 15. 131. EPISTLE LXVIII. I S. CASAUBONUS. S. D. To Ioh. Kirchmann. Aureolias, I will not endure, my dear Kirchmann, to remain longer in your debt. And would that the occupations which keep us busy at all hours were less troublesome, less burdensome: I would not only answer your questions, but would in turn weary you with questions of my own
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 157 fatigatum irem. Et erit fortasse brevi, cum otii plus habebimus ad generis hujus meditationes. Interea ad posteriorem quadrigam tuarum ac- cipe, quæ veniebant nobis in mentem, cum tuas legeremus. Scribit Fe- stus. Funebres tibiæ dicuntur, cum quibus in funere canitur: quas Flamini audire putabant illicitum. Repugnat istis, inquis tu, Noctium Scriptor, cu- jus verba: Flamini Diali funus exsequi non est religio. Et habent re vera contradictionis speciem hæ assertiones: speciem inquam, non . Possunt autem variis modis hæc inter se conciliari. Non inepte con- tenderit aliquis, de temporibus diversis locutos Festum & A. Gellium: hunc de suorum temporum sentire consuetudine: illum de prisco, & vetustate ipsa obsoleto more. Ideo, ait, putabant, non putant. Si dicas non Festi eam esse vocem, sed breviatoris: etsi nihil video, cur ita existimare sit ne- cesse: non in eo tamen solutionis cardinem constituo. Negabo potius sibi contraria esse funus exsequi, & tibias funerum audire non posse. Primum quia non omnia funera ad tibiam ducebantur: scis enim in honestiorum fu- ncribus tubam pro tibia esse adhibitam. Deinde illud potest dici: Pontifices raro itasse exsequias: qui si quando eo venirent, habitum esse ipsis hunc ho- norem, ut eorum gratia tibiæ removerentur. De solenni mulierum lauda- tione, quid tibi respondeam, animi pendeo: per enim mihi mirum videtur, tam longo temporum intervallo post latam legem, ignoratam Romæ fuisse eam consuetudinem. Sed & Marcum Tullium idem miratum esse non dubito: ideo de Popillia est ab illo adnotatum: ceu res observatu digna. Et tamen non audet Cicero affirmare primam omnium mulierum eam fuisse laudatam publice: verum ita se, ait, putare. quasi dicat, fieri posse, ut & aliis olim is honos esset habitus: sed quarum nulla extaret in historiis memoria. Scien- dum etiam, non statim moribus receptum esse, quicquid per leges licebat. Illu- stria exempla in lege de divortiis: & in illa quæ malum debitorem secare permittebat. Quod autem mulierum Romæ non essent in usu, etiam Polybius & Dionys. Halic. indicant, qui de eo instituto multa scribentes muliebris laudationis nullam fecerunt mentionem. Orcinos libertos lectum dominorum defunctorum solitos antecedere, Livius ait, aliique e Latinis. Dionys. Halic. Hoc est lectos prosequi. Aliud nihil significat hoc loco. Quare irent præ an pone sequerentur ex Dionysii verbis cognosci liquido non potest. Proprie est honoris causa latus tegere alicui: ponitur & pro sequi e vestigio. Sed & in genere prosequi significat, quod alia voce dictitant Græci. Sic quod ait Capitolinus, Verum Marcus Imperator usque prosecutus est, possis Græce dicere . Hac notione apud Dionysium capiam. Non assentior Rævardo, qui verba legis XII. Mortuo ne ossa legito, &c. Ad morem illum restringit, de quo Fe- stus. Aliud est digitum abscindere, aliud ossa legere. Etsi valde sunt res af- fines: & ab eadem causa manantes. Sed videtur utrumque olim factitatum, V 3 au-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 157 I shall tire out. And perhaps it will soon be so, when we have more leisure for meditations of this kind. Meanwhile, take up the latter part of your quadriga of questions, which occurred to us while we were reading yours. Festus writes: funeral pipes are so called, with which music is played at a funeral; the Flamen, they thought, was not allowed to hear them. Against this, you say, is the writer of the Night-Watches, whose words are: for the Flamen Dialis, it is not a matter of religion to attend a funeral. And indeed these assertions do bear the appearance of contradiction: the appearance, I say, not the reality. But these things may be reconciled with one another in various ways. One might not inaptly argue that Festus and Aulus Gellius spoke of different times: the latter of the usage of his own day; the former of an ancient custom, obsolete by age itself. Hence, he says, they thought, not they think. If you say that this is not the wording of Festus, but of an abridger; although I see nothing that makes it necessary to think so, still I do not rest the key to the solution on that point. Rather, I shall deny that there is any inconsistency between attending a funeral and not being able to hear funeral pipes. First, because not all funerals were conducted to the sound of the pipe: for you know that in the funerals of persons of higher rank a trumpet was used in place of a pipe. Secondly, it may be said that the pontiffs rarely attended funerals; and if at any time they came there, they were shown this honor, that the pipes were removed out of regard for them. As to the customary eulogy of women, what I am to answer you I hesitate over in my own mind; for it seems to me very strange that, after so long an interval of time since the law was passed, that custom should have been unknown at Rome. But I do not doubt that Marcus Tullius also wondered at the same thing; hence he noted the case of Popillia, as a matter worth observing. And yet Cicero does not dare to affirm that she was the first of all women to be publicly praised; rather, he says that he supposes so. As if to say that it may have been the case that this honor had once been paid to others too, though no memory of them survived in histories. It must also be known that whatever was allowed by law was not at once accepted into custom. Illustrious examples are found in the law concerning divorces, and in that one which allowed a bad debtor to be cut up. But the fact that such practices were not in use at Rome is also indicated by Polybius and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, who, while writing much about that institution, made no mention of a eulogy for women. That freedmen of the dead, called Orcini, were accustomed to precede the bier of their masters, Livy says, and other Latin writers; Dionysius of Halicarnassus says it also. This means nothing else here than to accompany the bier. Therefore, whether they went in front or followed behind cannot be clearly learned from Dionysius' words. Properly speaking, it means to cover a man's side out of respect: it is also used for to follow at one's heels. But in general it means to accompany, which the Greeks express by another word. Thus, what Capitolinus says, “Truly the Emperor Marcus accompanied him all the way,” you could say in Greek as well. I take the word in this sense in Dionysius. I do not agree with Rævardus, who restricts the words of the Twelve Tables, “When a man is dead, do not gather up his bones,” &c., to that custom of which Festus speaks. To cut off a finger is one thing, to gather up bones another. Although the matters are very closely related and arise from the same cause. But it appears that both practices were formerly in use, V 3 au-
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158 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. augendo hactui, uti ait Cicero. Erant qui ante mortuo digitum præciderent: ad quem servatum justa fierent postmodum, quoties luctum vel- lent instaurare. Erant alii, qui ossa in condendis cineribus legerent ac domum reportarent, fini eadem. Ita exponenda esse verba legis, exceptio illa arguit, quæ est apud Ciceronem: bellicam, inquit, peregrinamque mortem excipit. Et scimus ita fuisse moribus receptum: nam peregre aut militiæ defunctorum ossa legebant, & domum reportabant, inibique justum illis funus faciebant. Quod superest, ubi primum erit otium, literas omnes tuas relegam, & si quid est, cui non sit reponsum, erit illud proximæ epistolæ argumentum. Sequentur postea, quæ ipsi observavimus: nam & illa cupimus omnia tecum communicata. Vale vir amicissime. Scripsi raptum Eidibus Apr. 13. 131. EPISTOLA LXIX. I S. CASAUBONUS. S. D. Iohanni Kirchmanno. Megalopolim, Gratum mihi fuit, vir doctissime, post longi temporis silentium, tuas accipere, & de tuo statu cognoscere. Nam postquam ex Italia es reversus, de te nihil certo potueram intelligere; nisi quod ex eruditissimi tui libri lectione, quam esses in amore mei constans, luculente didiceram, neque sane ego tuas expectassem, si ubi locorum esses, aut quo meas mitterem, exploratum habuissem. Nunc cum literis tuis amantissime scriptis me lacessisti, dabo sedulo operam, ut tuæ diligentiæ tibi fructus constet: neque ullam scribendi ad te occasionem prætermittam, quam quidem satis tutam fuero arbitratus. De Mortalibus tuis quid sentiam dicerem, nisi effecisses, ne liberum mihi esset de eo pronuntiare: non enim possum cum librum non ferre in coelum laudibus, quo libro meæ laudes, & quidem immeritæ, tot locis attinguntur. Cum primis vero illud suave legenti erat, quod me alicubi ad eas literas illustrandas hortaris, in quibus solis diu est, cum ex omnibus vitæ hujus ærumnis animus conquiescit meus. Quod nuper editione libelli cujusdam Gregori Nysseni videor mihi abunde esse testatus; facturus id ipsum longe luculentius, nisi sederet : & præcisa mihi ista in loco ejusmodi scriptionis esset libertas. Sed de his alias fortasse plura: non enim facio quicquam libentius, quam ut de studiis cum amicis fabuler. Eum porro, quem dixi, libellum a Drovardis mercatoribus nostratibus, nisi longinquitas itineris impedierit, spero, te accepturum. De magni Thuani historia, tecum plane sentio, & omnes simul boni: quis enim ejus laudes satis digne exsequatur? quis non admiretur sapientiam, constantiam, eruditionem? at non ita sentiunt : quorum exarsit furor ad illius operis lectionem. Quid mirum? non enim aqua igni magis contraria, quam horumpalatum
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158 CLARISSIMUS AND MOST LEARNED. to increase the act, as Cicero says. There were those who, before the dead man had been buried, would cut off a finger; and when this had been preserved, the rites would later be performed whenever they wished to renew their mourning. There were others who, in gathering the ashes, would collect the bones and carry them home, with the same end in view. Thus the words of the law must be explained, as that exception shows, which is found in Cicero: “it excludes, he says, a war death and a foreign death.” And we know that this was accepted by custom; for they used to collect the bones of those who died abroad or in military service and carry them home, and there perform the proper funeral rites for them. As for the rest, as soon as I have leisure, I shall reread all your letters, and if there is anything to which no reply has been made, that will be the subject of my next letter. What follows after that will be what I myself have observed; for I too wish that all these things should be communicated to you. Farewell, most friendly sir. Written in haste on the Ides of April, April 13, 131. EPISTLE LXIX. I S. CASAUBONUS. S. D. To Johann Kirchmann. Megalopolis, It was gratifying to me, most learned sir, after so long a silence, to receive your letter and to learn of your condition. For since you returned from Italy, I had been able to learn nothing certain about you; except what I had clearly gathered from the reading of your very learned book, namely, that you remained constant in your affection for me. Nor indeed would I have expected your letters, had I known where you were or to what address I should send mine. Now, since you have challenged me by your most affectionate letters, I shall diligently do my best to make your diligence bear fruit; nor shall I neglect any opportunity of writing to you, so far as I judge it sufficiently safe. What I think of your Mortalibus I would say, were it not that you have made it impossible for me to pronounce freely on it: for I cannot but carry the book to the skies with praise, since in that book my praises, and indeed undeserved ones, are touched upon in so many places. Above all, however, it was pleasant for the reader to find that you somewhere exhort me to illuminate those letters, in which alone for a long time now my mind finds rest from all the troubles of this life. I seemed to have sufficiently shown this recently by the publication of a certain little book of Gregory of Nyssa; and I should have done the same much more brilliantly, were it not that I sat down; and that freedom for writing of that kind had been cut off from me. But more about these matters another time, perhaps: for I do nothing more willingly than chat with friends about my studies. As for that little book I mentioned, I hope you will receive it from our merchants Drovards, unless the length of the journey prevents it. Concerning the history of the great Thuani, I am entirely of your opinion, as are all good men together: for who could suitably enough set forth his praises? Who would not admire his wisdom, steadfastness, learning? But those do not think so whose fury was inflamed by reading that work. What wonder? For water is not more contrary to fire than their palate...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 159 latum , cujus ipsi sunt hostes infestissimi. Quæ te nunc studia habeant, quid pares velim scire. Nos in polybio sumus, quem præstantissimum scriptorem & vertimus Latine totum, & exquisita diligentia illustraturi sumus, si dabit Deus, ea posse in publicum edere, quæ quotidie meditamur; sed incredibile dictu est, quam multa se subinde nostris conatibus offerant impedimenta. Itaque & me ama. Bretoneriæ septimo ab urbe lapide. Huc enim migrare nos coegit grassans per urbem pestilentia. IV. Kal. Sept. CIO. IXC. VI. EPISTOLA LXX. JOHANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Isaacus Casaubonus. Rostochium, Iteras tuas, & quam adjecisti orationem, accepi. Noram ex scriptis & communi fama Merulam: nunc ex laudatione, qua illi parentasti, merita hominis novi & melius æstimo. Magnum in ejus morte res literaria damnum fecit: Academia vero Batava maximam. Nuper vero eadem , magnum Scaligerum amisit. Quis satis jacturam illam deslere valeat? quæ lacrymæ huic luctui sufficiant? nam illi Viro parem nulla prior ætas unquam vidit, nulla fortasse videbit. Quo majorem usum in literis quisque habet, eo melius & magnificentius de illo Heroe incomparabili, & de ejus scriptis necesse est sentiat. Ego vero pietatem Sealigeri, probitatem & non minus, quam tò non mi- nus, quam si filius fuissem, amabat. Tium de annulis commentarium, ut omnia tua, perexspecto cupide. Perge igitur , & rem augeliter ariam, ut si quis alius. Polybium a nobis Latine versum & recensitum videbis , post mensem unum aut alterum, vel ad summum tertium. Sequetur, faveant modo superi, Commentarius in gratiam scriptus, opus laboriosum & longum. Adjectæ sunt figuræ quibus prælia opus probetur; operæ certe sedulo impensæ conseii nobis sumus. Vale vir doctissime & me ama, quite ex animo. Lutetiæ Parisiorum VIII. Kal. Apr. CIO. IXC. VIII. EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 159 Latum, whose bitterest enemies they themselves are. I would like to know what studies now occupy you, what you are preparing. We are busy with Polybius, whom we are translating in full into Latin, as an excellent writer; and, if God grants, we shall bring it to light with the greatest care, publishing those things that we are meditating on day by day. But it is incredible to say how many obstacles continually arise against our efforts. So love me too. At Bretoneriæ, seven miles from the city. For the raging pestilence throughout the city has compelled us to move here. IV. Kal. Sept. CIO. IXC. VI. EPISTLE LXX. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Isaac Casaubon. Rostock, I received your letter, and the speech you added. I knew Merula from his writings and from common report; now, from the eulogy with which you have honored him, I esteem the merits of the man whom I did not know before, all the more and better. His death has caused a great loss to literature; the Batavian Academy, indeed, a very great one. Recently that same Academy has lost the great Scaliger. Who could adequately deplore that loss? What tears would suffice for this mourning? For no previous age ever saw, and perhaps none will ever see, another equal to that man. The more one has experience in letters, the more fittingly and magnificently one must think of that incomparable Hero and of his writings. For my part, I loved Scaliger's piety and integrity, and no less, than, since I was his son, I would have done. Your treatise on rings, like all your writings, I await eagerly. Go on, then, and increase the work further, as well as any other man. You will see Polybius translated by us into Latin and revised after one month or two, or at the latest after three. There will follow, if the gods favor us, a Commentary written in his honor, a laborious and lengthy work. Figures have been added to show that the work is proved by battle; we are certainly conscious that labor has been diligently bestowed. Farewell, most learned man, and love me, as you do from your heart. At Paris, VIII. Kal. Apr. CIO. IXC. VIII. EPI-
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISS. EPISTOLA LXXI. DOMINICO BAUDIO. S. D. Isaacus Casaubonus. Lugdunum Batavorum, Accepi, quæ misisti, tuorum pulcherrimorum carminum exemplaria; in qui- bus quum unum mihi inscriptum invenerim, quas tibi pro tanto munere grates agam, non invenio. Quid enim ego sum de te unquam meritus, ut tam exquisito munere, tam omni ex parte polito me beares? nec te paupertas mei census movit, unde nihil possum promere, quo paria tecum faciam. Scis enim, præstantissime Baudi, quam parum amicæ nobis illæ Deæ sint, quas a pueritia tua ipse semper in potestate habuisti. Nos tantum profecimus, ut capi tuis deliciis, si quis mortalium, possimus. Felicitatem ingenii tui admirari, & illam incredibilem in summa facundia facilitatem dicendi quicquid lubet. Itaque semel acceptum librum vix de manibus ponere prius quivimus, quam totum devorassemus. Quid dicam nunc, quam multa invenerim, quæ sæpe legendo pene memoriæ mandavi? vel illa, quæ ad defensionem magni Scaligeri scripsisti, quanta cum voluptate me legisse putas? quid illa, quæ de magno Beza, aut similibus aliis pietate & probitate viris insignibus? Memini Franciscum Pithæum dicere solitum, Musas esse hæreticas, quum significare vellet, maxima quæque ingenia ineptias non pluris facere, quam par sit. Hujus mihi sæpissime venit in mentem tua legenti, maxime cum illam suavissimam ad magnum Heroem & rei literariæ Atlantem legerem præfationem; cujus gratia si statuam deauratam in Capitolio positam iri tibi putas, næ tu multum falleris. Nam quid de Romanis exspectes, cum multos gentis nostræ tua divina offenderit. Hoc ego statim prævidi, cum tua exemplaria iis reddebam, quibus erant inscripta. Accidit autem nisi fallor peropportune, ut liber Cancellario inscriptus pluvia corruptus esset; nam ille vir alioquin maximus, haud scio quomodo libertatem tuam dicendi esset interpretaturus, si ea legeret. Omnia igitur scito reddita præter illud unicum. Miratus sum nullum fuisse, quod magno Thuano daretur. Sed alia fortasse via misisti. Non injucunda fuit mihi illa narratio de itinere tuo in Angliam. Diu tecum multis rationibus adducor, ut non aliter de illis sentiam, quos describis, quam ut te nunc video sentire. Sed de hoc pluribus alias, nam hæc scripsi sub ipsum discessum viri nobilis, cui eas tradebam. Qui paucis ante profectionem horis me invisit, & statim se profecturum significavit. Vale vir præstantissime & me ama. Lutetiæ Paris. Kal. Octob. 13. 13C. VII. EPI-
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CLARISS. ET DOCTISS. EPISTLE LXXI. TO DOMINICUS BAUDIUS. S. D. Isaacus Casaubonus. Lugdunum Batavorum, I have received the copies of your very beautiful poems which you sent; and when I found one of them inscribed to me, I cannot find words to give you thanks for so great a gift. For what merit of mine toward you have I ever had, that you should enrich me with so choice a present, so polished in every respect? Nor did my poverty move you; from which I can bring forth nothing with which to make a return to you. For you know, most distinguished Baudius, how little friendly to us are those goddesses over whom you yourself have always had power from childhood. We have made only so much progress that, if any mortal can, we may perhaps be captured by your delights. I admire the happiness of your talent, and that incredible ease in the highest eloquence of saying whatever you please. So, once we had taken up the book, we could scarcely put it from our hands before we had devoured it all. What shall I say now of how many things I have found there which, by often reading, I have almost committed to memory? Even those things which you wrote in defense of the great Scaliger—how much pleasure do you think I felt in reading them? What of those things concerning the great Beza, or similar other distinguished men for piety and integrity? I remember Franciscus Pithaeus being accustomed to say that the Muses are heretical, when he wished to signify that the greatest minds do not value follies any more than is fitting. Of this I very often had it in mind while reading yours, especially when I was reading that most delightful preface to the great Hero and Atlas of the republic of letters; if you think that, because of it, a gilded statue will be set up for you in the Capitol, indeed you are greatly mistaken. For what are you to expect from the Romans, when your divine writings have offended many of our nation? I foresaw this at once when I was returning your copies to those to whom they were inscribed. But it happened, if I am not mistaken, most opportunely that the book inscribed to the Chancellor was ruined by rain; for otherwise that very great man, I know not how, would have interpreted your freedom of speech if he had read it. Know, then, that everything has been returned except that one copy. I was surprised that there was none to be given to the great Thuanus. But perhaps you sent it by another route. That account of your journey to England was not unpleasant to me. In many ways I have long been drawn toward you so that I may think no differently about those whom you describe than I now see you think. But more on this another time, for I wrote these things just as the distinguished man, to whom I was handing them over, was taking his leave. He had visited me a few hours before his departure and at once indicated that he would set out. Farewell, most distinguished man, and love me. At Paris, October 13, 13C. VII. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 161 EPISTOLA LXXII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Isaæus Casaubonus. Alborfium. MItto tibi, Vir Clarissime, Syntagma trium super Satyrica Græcorum, & Rom. Satira, simul & scriptum nobis & editum: nam ut Horatiano præcepto pareamus, per occupationes nostras non licet nobis, & porro res non erat tanti. Equidem soleo invitissimus ad scribendum trahi, qui probe conscius ingenii, doceri a mutis magistris, quam alios ipse docere præoptem. Sed mihi per amicorum celeusmata otioso esse non licet. Itaque excitati illorum prope convitio quotidiano aliquid scriptitamus, quod prælis statim subjicitur. Hic genius meorum scriptorum, Doctissime Gentilis: quem si postulem tibi probari, jure exclames, frontem de rebus periisse. Nos certe tyronibus scribimus. Nunc quoque propositum argumentum ita ubertim contraximus, ut non multa desiderari putem, quæ eo spectarent. Cur succenseatis vos docti? non enim parata vobis hæc menla. Exquisitiores epulas, scio, eruditum vestrum palatum requirit. Nos has epulas iis instruximus, qui paupere coena & simplici possunt esse contenti. Si tamen, cum a gravioribus studiis vacabis, libellum hunc respexeris, peto a te per nostram amicitiam, censorem indus, & judicium tuum de ea scriptione seposito affectu mihi aperias. Hoc ego a te sic contendo, ut nihil possum vehementius. Tuum enim est mi Gentilis de istiusmodi rebus judicium, qui ad exquisitam eruditionem & juris civilis scientiam, studium poëscos adjecisti: poëtam autem de iis, quæ ad poëticam spectant judicem fieri, nulla est invidia. Da hoc igitur amicitiae nostræ, ut non quasi amicus, sed quasi judex severus in libellum hunc animadvertas, & libere me de omnibus moneas, quæ improbaveris. De Iudæo vestro gratissimum fuit, quod scripsisti. Utinam una essemus: sic agerem ejus discipulum, ut fortasse aliquid opera mea posset uti. Non possum negare amare me illas literas: etsi quantum adhuc profecerim poenitet me. Gratissimum feceris si de ejus inceptis feceris me certiorem. Miratus sum in inchoato Dictionario cur tantum vacuæ chartæ interponeretur inter auctorum . Nam si ad hoc exemplum opus procedit, quis par erit tantis sumptibus? atqui parci poterat dimidio hujus impensæ. Iterum te rogo significes mihi quid paret, quid habeat præ manibus. Vale & me constanter ama. Lutetiæ Paris. a. d. III. Non. Sept. 13. 15c. 1. X EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 161 LETTER LXXII. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. S.D. Isaacus Casaubonus. Alborfium. I send you, most learned Sir, a Syntagma on the Satire of the Greeks and Romans, written by us and published at the same time; for, in order to obey the precept of Horace, our occupations do not allow us leisure, and besides the matter was not of such importance. Truly, I am accustomed, most unwillingly, to be drawn into writing, though well aware of my own talent, and I would sooner be taught by silent masters than myself teach others. But the importunity of my friends leaves me no leisure. So, roused almost by their daily reproaches, we jot down something which is immediately sent to the press. This is the character of my writings, most learned Gentilis; and if I were to ask you to approve them, you would justly cry out that all shame in such matters is lost. At any rate, we write for beginners. Even now we have compressed the proposed subject so copiously that I think there is little to be desired that pertains to it. Why should you learned men be angry? This meal is not prepared for you. I know that your cultivated palate requires more refined fare. We have provided this banquet for those who can be content with a poor and simple supper. Yet if, when you are free from more serious studies, you shall have looked at this little book, I ask you, by our friendship, to put on the critic’s robe, and to disclose to me your judgment of that writing, setting aside all partiality. This I press upon you so strongly that I could not do it more vehemently. For it is your part, my Gentilis, to judge matters of this sort, since to an exquisite learning and knowledge of civil law you have added the study of poetry; and there is no envy in making a poet judge those things which concern poetry. Grant this, therefore, to our friendship: that you should examine this little book not as a friend, but as a severe judge, and freely warn me about whatever you disapprove. What you wrote about your Jew was most welcome. Would that we were together: thus I would manage him as a pupil, so that perhaps he might make some use of my help. I cannot deny that I love those letters, though I am sorry how little progress I have yet made. You will do me a great favor if you keep me informed of his undertakings. I was surprised, in the work on the Dictionary now begun, why so much blank paper was inserted between the authors. For if the work proceeds on this model, who will be equal to such expense? Yet half this cost could have been spared. I ask you again to let me know what is being prepared, what he has in hand. Farewell, and continue to love me steadfastly. At Paris, on the 3rd day before the Nones of September, 15c. 1. X EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA LXXIII. I S. CASAUBONUS. S. D. Scipioni Gentili. Altorsium, Non erat quod ad te scriberem, neque otio sane abundabam. Non tamen potui, præstantissime Gentilis, pauca hæc ad te non exarare. Scito memorem amicitiæ nostræ vivere me, & semper victurum, dum spiritus hos reget artus. Nostra studia superiore hyeme pene intermissa aut instaurabimus hoc vere, Deo propitio, aut amplius differemus, si iter susceperimus, de quo pridem cogitamus. Id quale sit icies, si futurum est aliquid. Recensuimus, tamen etiam inter curas maximas, Suetonianas animadversiones, & multa adjecimus. Perducta est ad umbilicum fere editio. Quia tamen & indices & alia quædam deerant, non curavi ad te mittere, neque ad Cl. V. Rittershusium amicum, quem ut meo nomine salvere jubeas te vehementer etiam atque etiam rogo. Vale. Lutetiæ Parisiorum x. Kal. Ap. c 13. 15c. x. EPISTOLA LXXIV. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S. D. Iac. Aug. Thuanus. Altorsium, Serius ad tuas Altorphio xx. Aprilis anno superiore datas respondenti nolim succenseas, mi Scipio; ecce nunc, qui moram excuset, secundum Historiarum nostrarum tomum ad te mitto. Nam nolui te immuneratum post tantam temporis intercapedinem adloqui. Quod a me petebas, libertissime fecissem, & nunc faciam si occasionem faciendi in manus dederis; non quod tanti faciam testimonium nostrum, ut Academiæ, vestræ & fama & tot doctissimorum professorum doctrina celeberrimæ, exactissimarum disciplina & optimis legibus fundatæ, quidquam ornamenti ex eo possit accedere. Sed amici precibus quidquam tale denegare, non solum inhumanum, sed etiam iniquum esse existimavi. Igitur de initiis vestræ Academiæ, qui præcipue in ea, ex quo coepit, Professores excelluerint, & si quæ alia ad ejus commendationem singularia habes, ante omnia edoceri cupio; tum scire velim, quospiritu vesano incitatus Lucas Osiander, quibus verbis eam lacessiverit. Hugo Donellus nostras minime tacebitur, cujus jam honorificam mentionem alibi fecimus, nimirum cum de tumultu Lugdunensi in Batavis loqueremur. Verum annales scribenti ex annorum singulorum ratione occasio capienda est, ut de iis rebus, quæ quasi extra Historiæ corpus positæ longius a publica negotiorum tractatione absunt, sermo suo loco injiciatur. His de rebus si diligenter ad me perscripseris, efficiam, ut tu collegæque tui intelligant, maximum pondus in tuis ad me literis fuisse. Si quid
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VERY CLEAR AND LEARNED. LETTER LXXIII. I. S. Casaubon. S. D. To Scipio Gentili. Altdorf, There was no reason for me to write to you, nor indeed was I at all plentifully supplied with leisure. Yet I could not, most excellent Gentili, refrain from writing these few lines to you. Know that I live mindful of our friendship, and shall always live so, so long as this spirit governs these limbs of mine. Our studies, almost interrupted last winter, we shall either resume this spring, God favoring, or postpone further if we undertake the journey we have long been thinking about. You will see what that is, if there is to be anything. We have gone through, even amid the greatest occupations, the notes on Suetonius, and added much besides. The edition is now almost brought to completion. But since there were wanting both indices and certain other things, I have not thought fit to send it to you, nor to the learned and excellent Rittershausen, my friend, whom I very earnestly beg you to greet in my name again and again. Farewell. Paris, 10 days before the Kalends of April, 1503, x. LETTER LXXIV. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. S. D. Jac. Aug. Thuanus. Altdorf, Do not take it amiss, my Scipio, that I am responding later than I should to your letter sent from Altdorf on the twentieth of April in the previous year; see now, to excuse the delay, I send you the second volume of our Histories. For I did not wish to speak to you after so long an interval without making some return. What you asked of me, I would most gladly have done, and I shall do it now if you put the opportunity of doing so into my hands; not because I think so highly of my testimony that anything of ornament could thereby be added to your Academy, which is made famous both by its reputation and by the learning of so many most learned professors, and founded on strict discipline and excellent laws. But I thought it not only inhumane, but also unjust, to deny friends anything of that kind when they ask it. Therefore I most desire to be informed, above all, about the beginnings of your Academy, who, especially among its professors from the time it began, have distinguished themselves, and if you have any other singular particulars for its recommendation; then I should like to know by what words Lucas Osiander, stirred by a mad spirit, assailed it. Hugo Donellus shall certainly not be passed over in silence by us, of whom we have already made honorable mention elsewhere, namely when speaking of the disturbance at Lyon among the Dutch. But for one writing annals, occasion must be taken from the sequence of individual years, so that discussion of those matters which, as it were, lie outside the body of history and are more remote from the public conduct of affairs, may be introduced in its proper place. If you write to me carefully about these matters, I shall make it clear to you and your colleagues that your letters to me carried the greatest weight.
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 163 quid aliud tua causa possum, me ad omne obsequium semper paratissimum ex- perieris. Conrado Rittershusio plurimam a me salutem, cui & exemplar his ad- junctum tradi curabis. Vale Vir Doctissime & me ama. Ex Villaboniano nostro. xv. Kal. Septembr. c12. c13. vi. EPISTOLA LXXV. JOANNI FRANCISCO ARLUNO. S.D. Sebastianus Gryphius. Mediolanum, SI majore, quam expectares, intervallo hæ tibi a nobis reddantur literæ, ita velim existimes, non nostræ id aut culpæ, aut negligentæ, sed infelici cuidam casui debere adscribi. Nam cum lectis tuis literis statim respondere decrevissem, nescio quo pacto acciderit, ut reliquo schedarum nostrarum acer- vo miscerentur, sicque infinitis typographiæ nostræ negotiis obrutus, obli- tus sum rescribere. Verum cum mihi superioribus hisce dicbus alia de causa capsas meas perscrutanti præter omnem expectationem sese obtulissent; cum- que nuper ex ornatissimi viri Nicolai Landriani literis cognovissem, summo te literarum nostrarum teneri desiderio: nolui diutius earum expectatione com- modum tuum remorari. Quod itaque (ut scribis) Bernardini fratris histo- riam, quam ille de rebus Mediolanensium scriptam reliquit, in lucem decre- veris emittere; non possum equidem institutum tuum non magnopere com- mendare, vestræque in primis familiæ, ad quam inde certissima reditura est gloria; deinde & universis vestratis historiæ studiosis, qui quam uberrimum ex eo consecuturi sunt fructum, ex animo gratulari. Quod vero nostra potissimum opera hac in re uti decreveris: non mediocrem tibi habeo gratiam, quod me potissimum idoneum judicaris, cujus opera industriaque fratristui amantissimi vigiliæ, vivaque animi monumenta, quam optime ab interitu possint vin- dicari. Cæterum, quod ex tripartita historia primam tantum nobis sectio- nem polliceris: non potest id nos non magnopere ab hujusmodi coeptis de- terrere. Nimium enim sæpe non parvo rei familiaris dispendio sumus ex- peri, id genus fragmenta a studiosis non magnopere requiri. Quare si no- stram tibi operam paratam cupias: velim universam ad me Historiam mittas: quam ea lege excudendam suscipiam: si & nobis, & viris eruditis, quorum consilio utimur, luce digna videatur. Nam etiamsi ita existimem, nihil nisi numeris omnibus absolutum a fratre tuo, viro (qualem mihi eum in literis tuis depingis) & nobili, & erudito, potuisse proficiisci: non est tamen nostræ consuetudinis, in opus nunquam visum operam nostram polliceri. Tui ita- que muneriserit, despicere, num totam nobis historiam censeas committendam: nos hic operam dabimus, ut aut quam emendatissime in lucem excat: aut certe, si id ex re nostra non videatur, meo istuc & sumptu referatur & periculo. Vale, Lugduni IIII. Kal. Septemb. M. D. XLVI. X 2 EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 163 Whatever else I can do for your sake, you will always find me most ready for every service. Convey my very best regards to Conrad Rittershusius, and also see that the enclosed copy is delivered to him. Farewell, most learned sir, and love me. From our Villabonian house. XV. Kal. Septembr. c12. c13. vi. LETTER LXXV. TO JOHN FRANCIS ARLUNUS. S.D. Sebastian Gryphius. Milan, IF these letters of ours are returned to you after a longer interval than you expected, I would have you believe that this should be attributed not to any fault or negligence of ours, but to some unfortunate accident. For when I had at once resolved to reply upon reading your letter, somehow it came about that they were mixed in with the rest of our heap of papers, and thus, overwhelmed by the countless business of our printing house, I forgot to write back. But when, on the present occasion, while searching through my boxes for another reason, they unexpectedly came to light; and when I had recently learned from the letters of the most distinguished Nicolaus Landrianus that you are held in the greatest longing for our writings: I was unwilling to delay your convenience any longer by withholding them. Therefore, as you write, you have resolved to publish the history of your brother Bernardinus, which he left written on the affairs of the Milanese; I cannot but highly commend your undertaking, and rejoice from my heart, first for your family, to which from it glory is certain to return; and then for all those among your fellow countrymen devoted to history, who will derive from it a very rich fruit. But since you have decided to use especially our help in this matter: I am not a little grateful to you for judging me especially fit, by whose labor and diligence the vigilant labors and living memorials of your most beloved brother may be rescued as well as possible from destruction. Moreover, since from the tripartite history you promise us only the first section: this cannot but greatly deter us from such projects. For we have too often, at no small loss to our resources, experienced that fragments of this kind are not much sought after by readers. Therefore, if you desire our help to be ready, I would wish you to send me the whole History: which I shall undertake to print on this condition, namely, if it appear worthy of publication both to us and to the learned men whose counsel we use. For although I believe that nothing except what is complete in every respect could have come from your brother, a man whom, as you describe him in your letters, I understand to have been both noble and learned: nevertheless it is not our custom to promise our labor for a work we have never seen. It is therefore your part to consider whether you judge the whole history to be entrusted to us; we shall here do our best that it either come forth into the light as accurately as possible, or certainly, if that does not seem to be to our advantage, that it be returned there at my cost and risk. Farewell, From Lyons, IIII. Kal. Septemb., 1546. X 2 EPI-
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. EP STOLA LXXVI. MICHAEL ISINGRINIUS S.D. Francisco Cicerino. Mediolanum, INhumanitatis merito arguendus sum, Clariss. Cicerine, nisi tantorum vi- rorum amicitiam vel ultro mihi, ab nescio quam in libris excudendis con- ceptam industriam, sese offerentem, ambabus (quod ajunt) ulnis amplecte- rer, cum nihil æque typographorum officinas exornet, atque præclara doctis- simorum virorum monumenta, cujusmodi & Marci Antonii esse, cujus erudi- tionem tantopere prædicas, minime sane dubitaverim. Cæterum quod ad para- phrases ejusdem in Aristotelis de coelo ac de generatione libros, & porro repre- hensionum in M. Nizolium volumen attinet, operam meam, quam efflagitas, hac ratione vobis addico, si eorundem editionem tantisper differre voluerit, dum quæ nunc sub prælo sunt, absolvero, id quod proxima æstate aut citius etiam, Deo favente, futurum spero. Interim Dominum Marcum Antonium hujus sententiæ certiorem facito, atque ut alterutrum opus polite limatum tempestive huc transmittat, quo & typos elegantes & chartam nitidam, alia- que nonnulla ad operis venustatem pertinentia in tempore procurare queam, moneto. Quibus solita accedente diligentia utrumque vestrum ita promereri conabor, ut nec M. Antonium suscepti poenituisse laboris, nec tu in typographo deligendo judicio aberrasse videamini. Vale & Isingrinium, qua soles, benevolen- tia constanter prosequi perge. Basileæ, Calendis Ianuarii, anno 1549. Literas tuis conjunctas Brixiam ad D. Aloissium Mundellam ejus loci medicum, mei gratia per amicum quendam tuto perferrì cura, rogo: mutuis amicitiæ offi- ciis hoc quacunque occasione oblata, compensaturus. EPISTOLA LXXVII. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Luzanum, Agnosco singularem erga me benevolentiam tuam, optime atque doctis- sume Cicerine, & ago ingentes gratias, cum pro muneribus literariis, quibus me & locupletare & ornare ita sedulo pergis, tum quia levidensia illa, quæ a me mitti solent (majora enim vix queam) tanti facis, tamque tibi esse grata declaras. Accepi Majoragii orationes, quas misisti, & perplacent illæ nobis, quia elegantes cumprimis, & prudentiam viri doctissimi haudquaquam vulgarem testantes. Quod vero etiam amicitiæ quædam veluti semina apud illum nobis sparsisti jam, unde ita bene jam ille de nobis sentire incipit, ut etiam suum vocare me, & suas lucubrationes, quas adhuc sub incude habeat, polliceri nobis dignetur: id vero tantum est erga nos officium, ut agnoscere vix
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VERY ILLUSTRIOUS AND MOST LEARNED. EPISTLE LXXVI. MICHAEL ISINGRINIUS sends greetings. To Francisco Cicerino. Milan, I should rightly be accused of inhumanity, most illustrious Cicerino, unless I were to embrace with both arms, as the saying is, the friendship of such great men, which offers itself to me of its own accord, arising from that zeal, I know not how, for printing books; for nothing so adorns a printer’s shop as the splendid monuments of most learned men, such as I would never doubt yours and Marcus Antonius’s to be, whose learning you praise so highly. As for his paraphrases of Aristotle’s books On the Heaven and On Generation, and furthermore the volume of objections against M. Nizolius, I dedicate to you my labor, which you request, on this condition: that if he should be willing for their publication to be delayed for a while, until I have completed what is now under the press, which, with God’s favor, I hope will happen next summer or sooner. Meanwhile, make Marcus Antonius aware of this opinion, and advise him to send here in good time either work, polished and refined, so that I may be able in due course to provide elegant type, fine paper, and certain other things pertaining to the beauty of the work. By such means, with my usual diligence added, I shall endeavor to satisfy you both in such a way that neither Marcus Antonius may seem to regret the labor he undertook, nor you to have erred in your judgment in choosing a printer. Farewell, and continue steadfastly to pursue Isingrinius with the goodwill you are accustomed to show him. At Basel, on the Calends of January, in the year 1549. I ask that you take care to have your letter, together with mine, safely delivered to Brixen, to Doctor Aloissius Mundella, physician of that place, by the hand of some trusted friend, which I shall repay on whatever occasion offers itself, by mutual offices of friendship. EPISTLE LXXVII. To FRANCISCO CICERINO, greetings. Io. Oporinus. Luzern, I recognize your singular goodwill toward me, most excellent and most learned Cicerino, and I give you great thanks, both for the literary gifts with which you so diligently continue to enrich and honor me, and because you value so highly those trifles which I am accustomed to send—for greater things I can scarcely manage—and declare them to be so pleasing to you. I have received the orations of Majoragius which you sent, and they greatly please us, especially because they are elegant and clearly attest to the not at all common wisdom of the most learned man. But the fact that you have also, as it were, sown for us certain seeds of friendship with him, whereby he is already beginning to think so well of us that he even deigns to call me his own, and to promise us his studies, which he still keeps under the hammer: this is such a service to us that I can hardly acknowledge
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 165 vix satis pro magnitudine, referre vero haud unquam posse, me sperem. Itaque oro, quam mihi conciliare apud eruditissimum pariter atque humanissimum virum amicitiam coepisti, in posterum firmare pergas, atque ut me sibi quam commendatissimum habere dignetur, impetres. Quod vero Ben. Iovii poëma attinet, placet id quoque vehementer: at vellem paulo esset prolixius tamen, quo forma quoque libri augustiore excudi posset. Solent enim, nescio quo pacto, minutiora illa, quamvis erudita ac bona, cum a nobis eduntur, a plerisque negligi. Proinde hortor te, mi D. Francisce, ut ab illo etiam reliqua impetres, quo uno postea libro omnia simul comprehensa mitti honestius in publicum possint. Interim ego illis vel solus fruar: aut, cum erit commodum, tamen communicare etiam cum aliis vel sola non gravabor. Apologiæ Majoragii in Nizolium miror deesse titulum. Neque enim puto ita esse editum, quod fieri id haud soleat. Itaque si quid aliud ad eam pertinet, velim per opportunum tabellarium quoque ad nos mittas. Cuperem enim omnia colligere, quæ Majoragius hactenus edidit, & saltem catalogum eorum omnium habere, quo colligi facilius possent. Forte enim aliquando conjungi uno volumine omnia simul & utile & gratum studiosis foret. Certe quæcunque in re ego illi gratificari opera nostra potero, dabo operam, ut intelligat, se a nobis amari haud vulgariter. Salutabis eum meo nomine quam potes officiosissime Mitto ad te vistas Plutarchi nuper absolutas, quæ constitere floreno uno. Item Bucolica diversorum, quæ petiisti, pro quibus nihil peto, quemadmodum neque pro Mosellani Annotationibus in Gellium a Bebelio quondam excusis, quæ quia non reperiebantur usquam venales amplius, malui ex mea Bibliotheca rescindere, quam non gratificari tibi, quod utinam in ipso quoque Gellio ad te mittendo præstare potuissem, quem ita ut tu petis a Sotero anno 26 impressum, nusquam reperio. Tuum itaque fuerit, boni consulere opellam hanc nostram, ac ea quoties libuerit uti. Reperies enim me tibi semper ad omnia votaparatissimum. Bene vale, & Oporinum tuum, quod facis, amare atque ornare perge. Basileæ 12 Novembris 1547. D. Hyeronymo Friccio plurimam quoque salutem dices meo nomine. EPISTOLA LXXVIII. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Luganum. Quod de nobis conquereris, optime atque doctissime Cicerine, non respondisse nos hactenus literis tuis, mirari hercle ac detestari perfidiam tabellariorum satis non possum, quum omnibus hactenus literis tuis, quantum per alias occupationes licuit vel brevius vel prolixius responderim, semperque mihi vel imprimis gratulatus sim, quoties gratificari tibi ulla in remini a te præberetur occasio. Ad postremas vero tuas, in quibus de Majoragii lucubrationibus scribis, ideo hactenus rescribere distuli, quod nondum obli- X 3
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 165 I hope that I shall scarcely be able to speak in proportion to its greatness, but never to repay it. Therefore I ask you to continue in future to strengthen the friendship you have begun to win for me with a man equally most learned and most humane, and to procure that he deign to hold me in as high recommendation as possible. As for Ben. Iovius’s poem, I like that very much too; but I should wish it were somewhat longer, so that the book might also be printed in a more imposing form. For I know not how it happens, but such smaller works, however learned and good, when published by us, are neglected by most people. Therefore I urge you, my dear Sir Francis, to try to obtain the rest from him as well, so that all things together may later be sent in one book and more honorably brought before the public. Meanwhile I shall enjoy them even if alone; or, when it is convenient, I shall not be unwilling to share them with others, even if they are only single items. I wonder that Majoragius’s Apology against Nizolius lacks a title. For I do not think it was published in that condition, since that does not usually happen. Therefore, if anything else pertains to it, I should like you to send it too by a suitable messenger. For I should like to collect everything Majoragius has published thus far, and at least have a catalogue of them all, so that they might be more easily gathered together. Perhaps someday it would be both useful and pleasant for students if everything could be combined at once in a single volume. Certainly whatever in this matter I can do to please him with my efforts, I shall do my best so that he may understand that he is loved by us in no ordinary way. Give him my greetings most courteously in my name as you can. I am sending you the newly completed editions of Plutarch’s lives, which cost one florin. Also the Bucolica of various authors, which you requested, for which I ask nothing, just as I ask nothing for Mosellanus’s Annotations on Gellius, once printed by Bebelius, which since they could no longer be found for sale anywhere, I preferred to cut out of my library rather than not oblige you—something I wish I could also have done in sending you that Gellius himself, which, as you ask, printed by Soter in the year 26, I can nowhere find. It will therefore be your part to take this little service of ours in good part, and to use it whenever you wish. For you will find me always ready for all your desires. Farewell, and continue to love and honor your Oporinus, as you do. Basel, 12 November 1547. Give my very best greetings in my name also to D. Hyeronymus Friccius. EPISTLE LXXVIII. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Lugano. Because you complain of us, most excellent and most learned Cicerino, that we have not answered your letters hitherto, I cannot sufficiently wonder at and detest the treachery of the messengers, since I have replied, as far as other occupations allowed, either briefly or at greater length, to all your letters so far, and have always especially congratulated myself whenever any opportunity was offered to me to be of service to you in anything. But with regard to your latest letter, in which you write about Majoragius’s writings, I have thus far delayed replying, because I had not yet X 3
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166 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. tus esset certus tabellarius, cujus fidei me certo posse committere nostras putarem. Nam qui tuas mihi literas asserunt, fere vel alio proficiscuntur, neque recta ad te redeunt: & quia ego sæpe toto menses vix semel pedem domo effero, quod per sex præla typograhica, quibus perpetuis domi exerceor, id non liceat, facile fit, ut ego, quando illi ipsi ad vos redeant, ad te vide- licet reversuri; etiam ignorem. Proinde etiam nunc forte non rescripsissem, nisi forte fortuna hic bonus Vir Lucernensis Mercator me de sua ad te profectione admonuisset. Itaque quantum licet in præsentia, ad illud negotium Majoragii librorum paucis respondebo. Equidem ut nihil magis in votis habeo, quam & tibi & D. Majoragio gratificari aliqua in re ut possim: ita quacunque alia in re id fieri velim, quam hujuscemodi concertatione ac veluti muromaxia per vos publicanda quam, D. Majoragium suscepisse cum Nizolio scribis. Quin potius velim me tanta valere apud te & Majoragium autoritate, ut sopire potius, si qua inter ipsum & Nizolium coorta est simultas, possim, quam ut promulgandam esse censeam. Idque non ideo, quod non præferendum etiam Majoragium Nizolio existimem, aut indignos fore libros, etiam quoscunque tandem, cujuscunque argumenti tantum ab eo scriptas, uti a doctis legantur, judicem: sed quod eruditis hominibus indignissimas esse hujusmodi concertationes duorum magni nominis apud nos doctorum virorum exemplo jampridem didicerim. Quid enim Cornarii & Fuchsii contrahese mutuo scripti libelli aliud effecerunt, quam ut, dum uterque quibus se approbare possit lectoribus ita sedulo contendit, multo pluribus sese ridendum propinarit uterque. Et forte necdum etiam insania illa, & scribendi, seseque de nihili calumnia defendendi cacoëthes inter illos desiisset, nisi ego tam acriter utrumque & dignitatis suæ admonuisset, & ad meliora potius argumenta tractanda essem exhortatus. Quasi vero non suppetant millia alia argumenta, in quibus eruditionem ac styli elegantiam, vimque dicendi, qualicunque polleas, declarare possis, nisi antagonistam aliquem tibi deligas, in quem debaccheris, ac bonas horas male colloces; aut quasi non totus orbis jam hujuscemodi Apologiis, Antopologiis, ac rixosis libellis oneratus sit. Itaque effeci saltem, ut uterque illorum quos dixi, & gladiatorium illum animum ad meliora converteret, & alter interea in Ægineta vertendo, eodemque commentariis illustrando; alter scribendis in totum Galenum commentariis, quicquid superest temporis impendere maluerit. Satis interim gloriæ suæ consultum apud posteros fore uterque existimantes, si eos toto pectore scriptis a se libris rempub. literariam ornare atque juvare veluisse, aliquando constet. Idem velim etiam a Nizolio & Majoragio fieri, siquidem impetrare queam. Et a Nizolio forsan facile id impetraro, ut qui se mihi ex animo bene velle non unis literis ad me scriptis hactenus testatus fuerit, cujus equidem in provocando Majoragio petulantiam tantum abest, ut probem, ut per occasionem etiam de ea cum ipso expostulaturus omnino sim. De Majoragio quid mihi polliceri debeam, tu ipse videris. Vellem autem omnino, quicquid hujuscemodi ocii
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166. MOST FAMOUS AND MOST LEARNED. If there were a reliable messenger, whose good faith I could confidently trust, I would think our letters could be safely entrusted to him. For those who bring me your letters are usually either setting out elsewhere, or do not return straight to you; and since I often scarcely put foot outside my house once in a whole month, because of the six printing presses with which I am perpetually occupied at home, and which do not permit it, it easily happens that when they themselves return to you, I, who of course would be returning to you, do not even know it. Therefore even now I perhaps would not have replied, had not that good Lucerne merchant here perhaps by chance reminded me of his journey to you. Accordingly, as far as is possible at present, I shall answer briefly that matter concerning the books of Majoragius. Indeed, as I desire nothing more than to be able in some way to do something agreeable both to you and to M. Majoragius, so I would wish to do it in any other matter rather than in this sort of dispute and, as it were, muromachia to be published by you, which you write that M. Majoragius has taken up with Nizolius. Rather would I wish to have such authority with you and Majoragius that I might be able to calm, if any quarrel has arisen between him and Nizolius, than that I should think it ought to be made public. And this not because I do not also consider Majoragius to be to be preferred to Nizolius, or because I judge books, even whatever they may be, and of whatever subject, written by him, to be unworthy of being read by the learned; but because I have long since learned from the example of learned men how utterly unworthy of scholars are such contests between two men of great reputation among us. For what else did the pamphlets of Cornarius and Fuchsius, written in mutual opposition, accomplish, except that, while each man so diligently strove to commend himself to readers, he offered himself as an object of laughter to many more? And perhaps that madness, and that itch for writing and for defending oneself against groundless calumny, would not yet even have ceased among them, had I not so sharply reminded each of his dignity and exhorted him rather to take up better subjects. As if, indeed, there were not a thousand other topics in which you could display learning, elegance of style, and force of expression, whatever degree of skill you possess, unless you choose some antagonist on whom you may rage, and thus badly spend your good hours; or as if the whole world were not already burdened with this sort of Apologies, Antapologies, and quarrelsome pamphlets. So I at least brought it about that each of the two men I mentioned turned his gladiatorial spirit to better things: one, meanwhile, preferred to devote whatever time remained to translating Aegineta and illustrating him with commentaries; the other, to writing commentaries on the whole of Galen. They judged that their own glory would in any case be sufficiently provided for among posterity, if it should once be clear that they had with all their heart wished, through the books they wrote, to adorn and assist the republic of letters. I should like the same to be done also by Nizolius and Majoragius, if only I can persuade them. And perhaps I shall easily obtain this from Nizolius, who has so far shown by more than one letter written to me that he is sincerely well disposed toward me; and whose impudence in provoking Majoragius I am so far from approving that I shall certainly take the opportunity to remonstrate with him about it. As for what I ought to expect from Majoragius, you yourself will see. But I should by all means wish that whatever sort of leisure
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 167 ocii ac eruditionis in tales contentiones impendere D. Majoragius instituit, in aliud argumentum aliquod, & sua eruditione magis dignum, & reipub. lite- rariæ utilius futurum impenderet potius. Alioqui ad gratificandum ipsi ita sum paratus, ut nihil magis cupiam, quam ejus mihi materiam & occasionem ab ipso primo quoque tempore præberi. Atque hactenus de hoc negotio. Nam plura non permittunt occupationes typographicæ. Quanquam forte plus satis etiam sic nugatus fuero, quod nimis tumultuante & incondite omnia effutiam: neque enim licet nunc quidem aliter. Fontes Iovii expecto, atque ideo etiam distuli carmen illud ejusdem, quod nuper milisti, excudere, ut cum il- lis conjungam. Bene vale, mi Cicerine, & Oporinum tuum, ut facis, amare at- que ornare perge. Basileæ 13 Iulii 1548. EPISTOLA LXXIX. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum, Iteras tuas xv. Kalend. Novemb. Mediolani scriptas, doctissime Cicerine VII. Decembris die demum accepi, intervallo tamen non ita magno, ut meas ta jam ante 3. Id. Iulii datas te accepisse scribis. Quanquam etiam interea rursum ad te semel atque iterum scripsi, neque mirari satis possum, eas non accepisse. Sed ita nunc sunt tempora, nemini quicquam tuto commiseris. Scripseram autem de D. Majoragio nostro, me in excudendis illius lucubrationibus tam libenter operam meam omnem impensurum, quam in cujusquam alterius, qui hodie vivunt, eruditi hominis. Solum hoc deprecabar, ut si omnino scriptum illud, quod contra Nizolium jam absolvisset, edi in lucem cuperet ab illius nomine publice infamando abstineat, & scriptum ipsum ita ederet, ut a Nizolio saltem & paucis aliquot amicis intelligi facile posset, contra quem esset scriptum, nomen vero ipsius interim non traduceret, rem ipsam ac disputationis institutæ veritatem publice astruxisse contentus. Nisi forte in paucis aliquot exemplaribus exprimi etiam Nizolii nomen vellet, & quibus videretur distribuere cuperet; in reliquis, quæ passim divulgari deberent, solum contra quendam, &c. nullius nomine expresso, fieri editionem passurus esset. Ad eam rem plane me ipsi, omnemque meam operam obtuleram. Ac me id ab illo viro & erudito, & de cujus erga me benevolentia & humanitate nihil non jam pollicebar, impetraturum omnino tua intercessione sperabam, idque pluribus in illis literis egeram, adeoque serio, quæ vix jam tumultuario calamo repetere vel obiter licet. Idemque etiam nunc sentio, nihil mihi gratius contingere posse, quam si Dominus Majoragius occasionem mihi gratificandi ipsi in lucubrationibus ipsius edendis qualemcunque præbeat, quam honesta saltem ratione exsequi ipse possit. Quanquam enim, ut ipse etiam scribis, non desunt tam veterum, quam recentiorum exemplaria, quibus excudendis subinde obruor, tamen non sum ita forsan (nisi fallor) parum
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LETTERS OF MEN. 167 I had determined to devote the time and learning that I would spend on such disputes, D. Majoragius, to some other subject, more worthy of his learning and more useful to the republic of letters. Otherwise, in order to do him a favor, I am so ready that I desire nothing more than that he should provide me with the occasion and the material for it at the first possible time. And so far concerning this business. For the printing office will not permit more. Although perhaps I shall have babbled more than enough even so, since I pour out everything with too much tumult and without order: for even now it is not allowed to do otherwise. I am waiting for the sources of Jovius, and for that reason I have also delayed printing that poem of his, which you recently sent me, so that I may join it with them. Farewell well, my little Cicero, and continue, as you do, to love and honor your Oporinus. Basel, 13 July 1548. EPISTLE LXXIX. TO FRANCESCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Milan, Your letters, written at Milan on the XVth day before the Kalends of November, most learned Cicerino, I received only on the 7th day of December, yet with not so great an interval, however, as you write that you had received my letters sent before on the 3rd day before the Ides of July. Although in the meantime I again wrote to you once and then again, I cannot wonder enough that you did not receive them. But times are such now that to no one can you safely entrust anything. Now I had written concerning our D. Majoragius that I would most willingly devote all my labor to printing his writings, just as I would for any other learned man now living. I only begged that, if he wished to bring into the light that work which he had already completed against Nizolius, he should refrain from publicly defaming him by name, and should publish the work itself in such a way that Nizolius, and perhaps a few friends, might easily understand against whom it was written, but that he should not meanwhile bring his name into disrepute, being content to have publicly established the matter itself and the truth of the undertaking. Unless perhaps he wished Nizolius’s name also to be printed in a few copies, and to distribute them to whomever he thought fit; while in the rest, which should be spread abroad generally, he would allow an edition to be made merely “against a certain man,” etc., with no name expressed. To this end I had fully offered myself to him, and all my assistance. And I hoped altogether, through your intercession, to obtain this from that man, who is both learned and of whose goodwill and kindness toward me I was now prepared to promise myself anything; and I had pressed this at greater length in those letters, and indeed so seriously that it is scarcely possible even now to repeat it, even cursorily, with a hurried pen. And I feel the same even now: nothing could happen to me more welcome than if Lord Majoragius should grant me some occasion to do him a favor in printing his writings, which I could at least carry out in an honorable way. For although, as you yourself also write, there is no lack of examples, both of the ancients and of recent writers, with the printing of which I am from time to time overwhelmed, yet I am not perhaps so little
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168 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. parum prudens, quin quos quibus præferre debeam, diligenter apud me con- stituam. Itaque non potuit mihi non gravissimum esse officium istuc tuum, ac singularis erga me benevolentix certissimum argumentum; quod ita sedulo te id curare intelligerem, uti D. Majoragius, quem ego jam antea ex lucu- brationibus jam editis tanti facerem, sua scripta per me potius, quam quemvis alium evulgari cuperet: idque etiam ut curare non delinas, vehementer te, mi D. Cicerino, oro atque obtestor: simulque precor, ut me apud ipsum ita commendes, ut semel persuasissimum habeat, nihil esse, in quo si Opo- rini opera ac studio uti velit, ipsum non habiturus sit, & paratum & ex animo fidum. Adeo magnam ego mihi illius Viri existimationem animo impressi, ac fore spero, ut ejus existimationis me non facile prænitere unquam debeat. Quod Benedicti Iovii opuscula attinet, solum ideo ea hactenus excudere distuli, quod sperarem subinde aliquid amplius ab eo scriptum, per te missum iri, quo li- bellus alioqui nimis exiguus futurus formam quoque augustiorem nancisceretur: non credis enim, mi D. Cicerine, quantum non negligi solum, sed contemni etiam soleant libelli tales, quamlibet eruditi scripti, si non tres aut quatuor pagellas excedant. Adeo jam est depravatum malis opinionibus vulgi judicium, ut nullius esse precii putent, quod nullo sere precio venale exponitur. Itaque nisi sperassem, aliquid lucubrationum illius te denuo ad nos missurum, quod annecti illis prioribus posset, jampridem sorte illa, quamlibet exigua, typis meis describi curassem: idque in vestrorum potius quam nostrorum gratiam, quos tantopere illa desiderare audio. Faciam autem id ipsum etiamnum si ni- hil aliud missurus es, ut illa saltem ita prodeant, quantumcunque mallem ali- quid amplius accedere vel ipsius Iovii, vel cujuscunque tandem eruditi homi- nis, quo libro etiam ex forma ipsa dignitatis aliquid accederet. Quod po- stremo de historico opere mihi a Medico quodam Mediolanensi impetrando scribis, libenter sane legi: ut qui in nullo fere alio scripti genere & nostros homines versari libentius, re ipsa jam hactenus sæpe deprehenderim, & me ipsum eodem plurimum oblectari facile agnoscam. Verum ut libentissime in co excudendo operam meam pollicebor, ita antea saltem inspiciendum illum mihi mitti percuperem, quo tutius atque facilius, eo penitius cognito, quid sæcto esset opus de illo statuere possem. Accedit etiam, quod nihil hic ex- cudere licet, nisi prius a censoribus ad hoc ipsum destinatis & inspectum & approbatum. Quæ quidem constitutio ut nova apud nos, ita hoc præ- scrivim tempore necessariæ magistratui nostro visa est, maxime rebus ita nunc mirabiliter passum se habentibus. Itaque rem mihi gratissimam feceris, mi D. Cicerine, si per occasionem ita illum librum a Medico isto impetres, ut ad paucas dies inspectionem illius mihi permittat, quo certius de sumptu in ipsius impressione faciendo deliberare atque constituere aliquid possum. Sed præter hæc vehementer te orarim, ut a D. Majoragio mihi exores, si quid sorte annotationum habeat aut observationum in Ciceronis orationes, aut Phi- losophicos ejusdem libros, mecum ut communicare ad proximam æstatem velit: sum
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168 MOST CLEAR AND MOST LEARNED. I was not so little sensible, that I should not diligently determine with myself whom I ought to prefer to whom. Therefore your duty there could not but be to me a most serious matter, and the surest proof of your singular goodwill toward me; since I understood that you were taking such careful pains that D. Majoragius, whom I had already held in such esteem from the works he had previously published, would rather wish his writings to be published by me than by anyone else. And I most earnestly beg and implore you, my dear D. Cicerino, not to cease taking care of this; and at the same time I pray that you recommend me to him in such a way that he may once for all be most fully persuaded that there is nothing in which, if he wishes to make use of Oporinus's effort and zeal, he will not find him ready and sincerely faithful. So great an estimate of that man have I impressed upon my mind, and I hope that I shall never easily prove unworthy of that estimate. As for the little works of Benedicti Iovii, I have hitherto refrained from printing them only because I hoped that some further thing written by him would shortly be sent through you, so that the booklet, which otherwise would be too small, might also obtain a more imposing form. For you do not believe, my dear D. Cicerino, how much such little books, however learnedly written, are not merely neglected but even despised, if they do not exceed three or four pages. So corrupted has the judgment of the crowd already become by bad opinions, that they think worthless whatever is offered for sale at almost no price. Thus, unless I had hoped that some of his writings would again be sent to us by you, to be joined to those earlier ones, I should long ago have had that collection, small though it is, printed by my press; and that rather for your people’s sake than ours, since I hear that they desire it so greatly. Yet I shall do this even now, if you are not to send anything else, so that at least those pieces may come out in that form, though I would far rather something further were added, either from Iovius himself or from some other learned man, whereby even the book’s very appearance might gain something of dignity. What you wrote finally, about procuring for me the historical work from a certain physician in Milan, I read with pleasure indeed: for I have already often discovered in fact that our men are employed in scarcely any other kind of writing more willingly, and I readily recognize that I myself am greatly delighted by it. Yet while I shall most gladly promise my assistance in printing it, I would still greatly wish that it be sent to me first for inspection, so that, having more safely and more easily, once I know it more thoroughly, I may be able to determine what is needed to be done about it. There is also this consideration, that nothing may be printed here unless it has first been inspected and approved by the censors appointed for that very purpose. Although this regulation is new among us, it has seemed necessary to our magistracy at this present time, especially with matters now standing so remarkably as they do. Therefore you will do me a most welcome service, my dear D. Cicerino, if, by some opportunity, you obtain that book from this physician in such a way that he will allow me to examine it for a few days, so that I may more certainly deliberate and decide something concerning the expense to be incurred in printing it. But beyond this, I would strongly ask you to obtain from D. Majoragius, if by chance he has any annotations or observations on Cicero’s speeches or on his philosophical books, that he may be willing to share them with me by next summer: I am
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 169 sum enim denuo editurus doctorum hominum in Ciceronis orationes & Philoso- phicos libros ejusdem lucubrationes, quas etiam antea, ut nosti, semel edidi, & cuperem nova aliqua accessione editionem illam commendari denuo. Et si nihil aliud, Antiparadoxa saltem D. Majoragii adjici Paradoxis Ciceronis po- terunt: in quibus tamen si quid a D. Majoragio vel emendatum vel mutatum esset, ejus mihi copiam ab illo fieri cuperem. Quod si etiam ab aliis doctis aut a te ipso tale aliquid in Ciceronem annotatum est, quod in publicum necdum prodierit, quæso id mecum ut communicetur, curare sedulo pergas, & ea in re quam mihi gratificari cupias, declarare non graveris. De nummis pro Aristotele, Plinio & Plutarcho jamdudum acceptis, scripsi non semel, & miror te post tantum temporis intervallum id repetere; quasi non in majo- ribus etiam gratificari tibi cupiam. Scripsi jam denuo ad D. Bellam, & ut eas quoque literas diligenter ei tradendas cures, vehementer te mi D. Cicerine oro: Bene vale & D. Majoragio me de meliore nota quod ajunt commenda. Basileæ 7. Decembris 1548. Ignosce, non licuit relegere, & scripsi ad noctem fere concubiam. EPISTOLA LXXX. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum. REprehensiones adversus M. Nizolium Majoragii nostri, jamdudum im- pressissem, nisi ita majoribus aliquot operibus occupata fuissent præla no- stra, ut citra magnam incommoditatem ea intermittere non licuisset. Ita- que absolutis illis jam pridem coeptis, & quæ prius absolvere omnino erat opus, ad reprehensiones illas manum admoliri coepimus, & antequam Basilea ad nun- dinas Francfordianas proficisceremur, unum atque alterum folium in illis ex- cudi curavimus, tradito postea tanquam per manus negotio absolvendi reli- qua iis, quos ex nostris interea officinæ nostræ typographicæ curandæ præfe- cimus. Non dubito ergo statim ubi domum reversi fuerimus, vel absolutas illas jam esse, vel intra paucas dies absolutum iri. Statim igitur, cum absolu- tæ fuerint, curabo justum illarum numerum ad vos perferri, quo & Majora- gio & tibi gratificer, & vos causæ vestræ patrocinari eo citius possitis. De Arluni historia nihil aliud promitto, quam daturum me operam ut ea prius tota perfecta, ubi nihil deprehendero, quod officere nostris rationibus pos- sit, aut minus tuto queat in publicum edi, prima quaque occasione etiam de ea typis nostris promulganda curem. Interea te, mi D. Cicerine oro, ut apud D. Majoragium me excuses, & moram hanc æquo animo feras. Be- ne vale, nosque ut coepisti amare perge. Francfordiæ, ex mercatu Septembr. 1549. Y EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 169 for I am about to publish again the learned man’s notes on Cicero’s speeches and philosophical books, which, as you know, I once published before as well, and I should wish that edition to be recommended anew by some fresh addition. And if nothing else, at least Majoragius’s Antiparadoxa may be added to Cicero’s Paradoxa; but if in these anything had been either corrected or altered by Majoragius, I should wish to receive from him a copy of it. If, moreover, anything of this sort has been noted on Cicero by others learned men, or by yourself, and has not yet appeared in public, I beg that you continue to take care to communicate it to me, and do not hesitate to show how much you wish to oblige me in this matter. Concerning the money already received long ago for Aristotle, Pliny, and Plutarch, I have written not once, and I marvel that after such an interval of time you repeat the request; as though I did not wish to oblige you even in greater things. I have already written again to Mr. Bella, and I earnestly beg you, my dear Cicerino, to see that those letters also are carefully delivered to him: Farewell well, and commend me to Mr. Majoragius, as they say, under the better name. Basel, 7 December 1548. Forgive me, I had no opportunity to read it over, and I wrote nearly at nightfall. LETTER LXXX. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Milan. I should long ago have printed Majoragius’s Reprehensions against M. Nizolius, had our presses not been so occupied with certain larger works that it would not have been possible to interrupt them without great inconvenience. So, when those earlier undertakings were at last completed, and those that had first of all to be finished had been fully brought to an end, we began to turn our hand to those Reprehensions; and before we set out from Basel for the Frankfurt fair, we took care to print one sheet and then another of them, and afterward, as it were by hand, we entrusted the rest of the business of completing them to those of our people whom we had meanwhile appointed to oversee our printing shop. I therefore do not doubt that, as soon as we have returned home, they will either already be finished or will be completed within a few days. As soon as they are finished, I shall see to it that a proper number of copies are sent to you, so that I may do a favor both to Majoragius and to you, and so that you may the sooner be able to support your cause. As for Arluno’s history, I promise nothing more than that I shall do my best that it be first brought to full completion, and that, when I have found nothing in it that could be harmful to our interests, or that could not safely be published, I shall take care, at the first opportunity, to issue that also through our press. Meanwhile I beg you, my dear Cicerino, to excuse me to Mr. Majoragius and to bear this delay with an even mind. Farewell well, and continue to love us as you have begun. Frankfurt, at the September fair, 1549. Y EPI-
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170 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA LXXXI. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum, NOn male suspicaris, mi Cicerine, me non tam longo tempore literarum ad vos mittendarum officio abstinuisse, & literas forte esse interceptas: scripsi enim a tempore proxime editarum reprehensionum Majoragii, bis ad te, & de Arluni historia prolixe respondi, illam & placere nobis, &c de editione circumspecturos occasionem commodam. Unus adhuc nobis in ea locus occurrit, qui prudenti consilio habebit opus, quo nominatim eos perstringit, quorum persidia Dux Mediol. proditus est. Id si verum est, haud scio an ita illud pro vero affirmari publice, tolerabile apud nostros futurum sit. Itaque quo pacto huic loco mederi liceat, ita ut narrationis veritati nihil decedat, sedulo consulto, consultaturus etiam amplius, antequam editioni manus admoveatur, quod brevi tamen futurum spero. Interim D. Franciscum Arlunum mihi placabis, & ut moram hanc æqui bonique faciat, meo nomine precaberis; sarciemus eam diligentia & officio. Quod ad D. Majoragii lucubrationes attinet, vellem per occasionem ad nos mitti quodcunque in Ciceronis & Quintiliani opera ab eo est annotatum, quod in Commentariis illis diversorum in Cic. opera edendis toti jam incumbamus. Et memini ejus non paucas lucubrationes, in corum, quæ ab ipso hactenus conscripta sint, catalogo recenseri, in Ciceronis diversos libros. Itaque hortabere D. Majoragium, ut cum videbitur commodum & maturum ad nos id genus mittat, quodque est reliquum, me sibi quam commendatissimum habeat. Bene vale, doctissime Cicerine, & occupationibus nostris tumultuariam ac brevem scriptionem imputa. Sumus enim jam si unquam alias, occupatissimi in absolvendis Paulania Latino, commentariis Nigebelii de tota Græcia, Marliani de Top. urbis Romæ, Omphalii de usurpatione legum libris VII. ejusdem de Principis functione lib. 11. Poliæni strategematis, colloquiis Jo. Morisoti, annotationibus Betulei in lib. de natura Deorum Cic. & aliis quibusdam. Iterum vale Basilæ 10. Augusti, 1550. EPISTOLA LXXXII. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum, REtulit mihi hic bonus Vir Christophorus Italus, cujus opera hasce literas jam ad te mitto, quantopere me apud D. Paulum Iovium commendaris, passimque prædicandi nominis mei apud optimos & doctissimos quosque occasionem arripias, adeoque etiam nuper te mihi cujusdam docti hominis, Antonii Vulpii, poëmata misisse affirmabat, quæ tamen ego neque vidi hactenus, neque intra
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170 MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. EPISTLE LXXXI. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Milan, You do not suspect amiss, my Cicerinus, in thinking that I have not refrained so long from the duty of sending letters to you, and that perhaps the letters have been intercepted: for I have written, from the time of Majoragii’s criticisms recently published, twice to you, and have at length replied concerning Arluni’s history, saying both that it pleases us, and that we will consider a suitable occasion for the publication. One passage still occurs to us there, which will need prudent deliberation, namely the one in which he expressly strikes at those by whose treachery the Duke of Milan was betrayed. If that is true, I do not know whether it will be tolerable among ours for that to be publicly affirmed as true. Therefore, in what way this passage may be dealt with, so that nothing is taken away from the truth of the narrative, I am carefully considering, and will consider further before the hand is laid to publication, which, however, I hope will be soon. Meanwhile you will put D. Franciscus Arlunuus in good humor for me, and in my name you will ask him to take this delay fairly and kindly; we shall make up for it with diligence and service. As for the writings of D. Majoragii, I should wish, if opportunity offers, that whatever he has noted in the works of Cicero and Quintilian be sent to us, since we are already wholly engaged in publishing the Commentaries of various authors on Cicero’s works. And I remember that not a few of his writings are listed, in the catalog of those things which have thus far been composed by him, on various books of Cicero. Therefore you will urge D. Majoragius that, when it seems convenient and timely, he send us things of that kind, and for the rest let him hold me in the highest regard. Farewell, most learned Cicerinus, and ascribe this hurried and brief letter to our occupations. For we are now, if ever at any time, most occupied in completing Paulania Latino, Nigebelius’ commentaries on all of Greece, Marlianus on the topography of the city of Rome, Omphalus on the use of laws, books VII, the same author’s book on the function of the prince, book 11, Polyaenus’ stratagems, the dialogues of Jo. Morisotus, Betuleius’ annotations on Cicero’s book On the Nature of the Gods, and certain others. Farewell again, Basel, 10 August, 1550. EPISTLE LXXXII. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Milan, This good man, Christophorus Italus, by whose agency I am now sending these letters to you, reported to me how greatly you commend me to D. Paulus Iovius, and how you seize every occasion to proclaim my name among the best and most learned men; and indeed he further affirmed that you recently sent me the poems of a certain learned man, Antonius Vulpius, which, however, I have neither yet seen, nor intra
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V. I R O R U M E P I S T O LÆ. 171 intra sex aut septem menses vel unas a te literas accepisse memini. Id quod vehementer & doleo & miror. Quod etiam in postremis ad te scripseram, me vehementer cupere, ut a D. Majoragio nobis impetrares ea, quæ in Ciceronem elucubravit, nescio an literas eas acceperis, nec ne. In iisdem etiam de Arluni historia nonnihil adjeceram, quod eam hactenus perlegendam Censoribus dare oportuerit, qui locum quendam de Helvetiis, ubi de Ducis Mediolanensis proditione scribit, repererunt, propter quam ipsa tota historia ut a nobis excudi possit valde metuo. Movebo tamen omnem lapidem, ut ex- cudatur, sive mutato eo loco, sive omisso; sive (quod melius multo) si hic non liceat, alibi ut excudendam meo sumptu curem. Itaque D. Arluni co- gnato bonam spem facies, omnino fore ut non ita multo post intelligat, il- lius historiæ excudendæ curam mihi fuisse seriam quoque. Quod reliquum est etiam atque etiam te mi D. Cicerine oro, me D. Majoragio aliisque bonis & doctis hominibus per occasionem, ut facere coepisti, commendare per- gas, vicissimumque, si qua in re gratificari tibi potero, libere imperes. Sem- per nos ad obsequendum tibi paratissimos re ipsa experturus. Bene vale Basileæ 4. Novembris 1550. E P I S T O L A L X X X I I I. F R A N C I S C O C I C E R I N O. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum, UTinam vero mi D. Cicerine, vel toties mihi scribere ad te, quoties libet, liceret, vel quoties licet, & scribo, toties etiam ad te certo per- ferri nostras constaret. Verum cum in utroque nos destitui fortuna sive suc- cessu, re ipsa satis appareat, bono animo & tu ferre cessationem literarum nostrarum, & ego fortunæ iniquitatem, debemus. Interea tamen non in- gratas tibi nostras literas esse, quamlibet negligenter ac tumultuarie plerumque scriptas, candoris est erga me tui, omnia ab amico profecto magni ducentis. Quanquam id quidem mutuo facis; nam non minus grata mihi sunt omnia, quæ a te nobis quoque adferuntur. De Arluno mitterem ad te specimen, sed obstitit hactenus aliquid, quo minus me ad eam prælostatim committen- dum parare potuerim. Spero tamen intra paucos dies id fore; in quo, ut scripsi, loco illi, de quo mihi metuebam, ita medebor, uti sperem te neque fidem neque diligentiam nostram quicquam desideraturum. Inventa enim est nobis ratio, qua paucissimis verbis mutatis, nemo quicquam mutatum possit deprehendere, & veritati historiæ nihil sit detractum. De Majoragii lucubrationibus quod scribis, libenter ego & tuo & illius consilio acquiescam, ac se- orsim illas primum excudam. Neque enim ita me rem plerisque ingratam facturum spero. Characteres, quos pro quibusdam amicis tuis impressoribus petis, nullus hic est, qui venales habeat, nec qui mutuo dare ad fundendum aliis velit. Ego si matrices (quas vocant, & quibus ad fundendum uti est Y 2 opus)
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V. I. R. O. R. U. M. EPISTOLÆ. 171 Within six or seven months, or once, I remember having received letters from you. This I greatly regret and wonder at. I had also written to you in my last letter that I greatly desired that you should obtain for us from D. Majoragio those works which he has laboriously prepared on Cicero; whether or not you received those letters, I do not know. In the same letter I had also added something about Arluno’s history, namely that it ought to be given to the Censors for perusal up to this point, since they have found a certain passage about the Swiss, where he writes of the betrayal of the Duke of Milan; because of this I greatly fear that the whole history itself may not be allowed to be printed by us. Nevertheless I shall move every stone so that it may be printed, either with that passage altered or omitted; or, which is much better, if it may not be printed here, that I may have it printed elsewhere at my own expense. And so you will give good hope to D. Arluno’s relative that in no great while he will understand that I have been seriously concerned also with the printing of that history. What remains is that I again and again beg you, my dear D. Cicerinus, to continue, as you have begun, recommending me on occasion to D. Majoragio and other good and learned men, and in return, if in any matter I can do you a service, command me freely. You will in fact always find us most ready to obey you. Farewell. Basel, 4 November 1550. EPISTLE XXXIII. TO FRANCESCO CICERINO. Greetings. Io. Oporinus. Milan, Would that, my dear D. Cicerinus, I were allowed either to write to you as often as I like, or, whenever I do write, to be certain that our letters are also delivered to you as often as they should be. But since in both respects fortune, or rather success, clearly shows that we are disappointed, both you ought to bear the interruption of our letters with a good spirit, and I ought to bear the unfairness of fortune. Meanwhile, however, that my letters are not unwelcome to you, however carelessly and hastily they are usually written, is a mark of your kindness toward me, you who certainly esteem everything from a friend highly. And indeed you do the same in return; for all things that are brought to us from you are no less welcome to me. As for Arluno, I would send you a specimen, but something has so far prevented me from preparing myself to commit it at once to the press. Yet I hope that within a few days this will come about; in which matter, as I wrote, I shall remedy that passage which I feared, in such a way that I trust you will find nothing lacking either in our good faith or our diligence. For a means has been found by us by which, with very few words altered, no one can detect that anything has been altered, and nothing is taken away from the truth of the history. As to what you write concerning Majoragio’s studies, I shall gladly accept both your advice and his, and shall print them separately at first. For I do not hope that I shall thereby do something unwelcome to most people. The typefaces which you ask for on behalf of certain printer friends of yours, no one here has for sale, nor is there anyone willing to lend them out for casting to others. As for me, if I had the matrices (as they are called, and which are needed for casting) ...
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172 CLARIS ET DOCTISS. opus) haberem, libenter communicarem. Nam ad eos, quos ego habeo al- terius cujusdam Francofordini amici mei matricibus, mutuo mihi ab illo da- tis, sum usus, quod nostrarum civium nullus esset, qui ea re gratificari no- bis vellet: ut nosti semper Figulum invidere figulo. Itaque si illos tantopere desiderare, & moram hanc, qua novis matricibus comparandis est opus, æquo ferre animo posse putas, libenter ego proximis nundinis Francofordinis cura- bo, ut proprias characterum illorum matrices nanciscar, & reversus domum efficiam, uti fundantur, quanto illi numero voluerint, hoc est, pro una aut duabus formis, pluribus paucioribusve utut illis visum fuerit. Sed expectabo prius tuam de tota hac re sententiam, cujus me adhuc breviusculis etiam lite- ris certiorem ante proximam quadragesimam reddere poteris. De rerum tua- rum conditione quod nobis etiam scribere dignatus es, libenter legi, & agno- sco in hoc ipso singularem erga me observantiam atque benevolentiam cui uti- nam pares aliquando referre grates possim. Habeo jam sub prælo tota Biblia a Sebastiano Castalione, non parum quam antea Latinius atque elegantius ex- pressa, adjectis ejusdem annotationibus. Item Christophori Milei universi- tatis rerum historiam quinque libris ab eo comprehensam. Præterque hæc duo, alia quædam levioris operæ, quorum quædam jam absoluta, ad te huc mitto, quædam adhuc absolvenda spero, utsunt Ioach. Camerarii commentarius Græ- cus in Theognidem, Threni Hieremiæ latino carmine expressi ab Abrahamo, Leschero, cujus opera conversum nuper Pausaniam quoque edidimus. Item ejusdem Ioach. Camerarii Progymnasmata, sive Elementa rhetoricæ exercitio- nis, ab eo recognita, Comadias aliquot sacras. Viti Amerbachii in off. Ci- coronis commentariolum: & nescio quæ alia. Mitto ad te una cum libellis tibi muneri destinatis etiam fasciculum alium D. Lilio Gyraldo Gregorio inscri- ptum, quem una cum libris adjunctis eidem Ferrariam transmitti ut cures ve- hementer te, mi Cicerine, oro atque obtestor. Quæso fac me certiorem, num fasciculus ille ad Gyraldum missus fuerit, ac probe curatus sit. In libel- lis vero, quos ad te mitto, si quid est quod gratum esse D. Majoragio nostro possit, id tecum illi esse commune velis vehementer etiam te atque etiam oro; cui meo nomine plurimam salutem dices, & per occasionem quam officiosissime commendabis. Bene vale & ignosce tumultuariæ scriptioni, neque enim per sex præla, quibus toto jam triennio perpetuis exerceor, licet vel sæpius, vel melius, vel prolixius scribere. Iterum atque iterum vale optime atque doctissime Cicerine, & nos, quod facis, amare atque ornare, ut coepisti, perge. Basileæ Prid. Kal. Februarii 1551. EPISTOLA LXXXIV. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum, Accepi D. Majoragii in Ciceronis Oratorem & partitiones commentaria sane doctissima, proque iis ad me missis ago utrique ingentes gratias. Mitto
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172 MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED SIR I would gladly share the work, if I had any. For I have used matrices belonging to a certain friend of mine in Frankfurt, which he had lent me, since none of our fellow townsmen was willing to do us that favor, as you know the proverb: every craftsman is always envious of another craftsman. So if you think those matrices are so greatly needed, and that this delay, during which new matrices must be procured, can be borne with a calm mind, I shall gladly take care at the next Frankfurt fair to obtain the proper matrices for those characters, and when I return home I shall see to it that they are cast in whatever number he may wish, that is, for one or two forms, more or fewer, as may seem best to him. But first I shall wait for your opinion on the whole matter, which you can still let me know in a rather brief letter before the next Quadragesima. What you were kind enough to write us also about the state of your affairs I read gladly, and in this very thing I recognize a singular regard and goodwill toward me, for which I wish I could one day repay fitting thanks. I already have under the press the entire Bible of Sebastian Castalio, rendered not a little more Latinly and elegantly than before, with his annotations added. Also Christophorus Mileius' history of the affairs of the university, comprised by him in five books. Besides these two, I am sending you here some other works of lighter labor, some of which are already finished, others I hope will soon be completed, such as Ioach. Camerarius' Greek commentary on Theognis, the Lamentations of Jeremiah expressed in Latin verse by Abraham Lescher, whose Pausanias, translated by his work, we have also recently published. Likewise the same Ioach. Camerarius' Progymnasmata, or Elements of rhetorical exercise, revised by him, and some sacred comedies. A little commentary by Vitis Amerbachius on Cicero's office: and I know not what else. Along with the little books intended as a gift to you I am also sending another packet addressed to D. Lilio Gyraldo Gregorio, which I earnestly beg and entreat you, my dear Cicerinus, to forward to Ferrara together with the books enclosed with it. I ask you to let me know whether that packet has been sent to Gyraldus and whether it has been properly taken care of. And in the little books which I am sending to you, if there is anything that may be pleasing to our D. Majoragius, I beg you very much, indeed again and again, to share it with him; give him my warmest greetings, and on occasion commend me to him most courteously. Farewell, and forgive this hurried writing; for under the six presses with which I have now been continuously occupied for three full years, it is not permitted me to write either more often, or better, or at greater length. Again and again farewell, most excellent and most learned Cicerinus, and continue, as you have begun, to love and honor us, as you do. Basel, on the day before the Kalends of February, 1551. LETTER LXXXIV. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. Greetings. Io. Oporinus. Milan, I have received D. Majoragius' commentaries on Cicero's Orator and Partitiones, truly most learned, and I give both of you my great thanks for sending them to me. I send
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 173 Mitto etiam specimen hic futuræ editionis ad proximum septembrem uti spe- ro absolvendæ. In ea vero, si vel forma vel characteris elegantia forte respon- dere expectationi vestræ non potero, saltem emendatione, ac locuplete, quem adjecturus sum rerum ac verborum indice ut satisfaciam, curabo sedulo. Le- go ipse omnia imprimenda in hoc, quod non ita in omnibus aliis licet, & colligo ipse indicem; unde polliceri certius possum. De loco in Arluni hi- storia adhuc alio paulum mitigando, dabo operam, ubi in eum incidero, ut rationem & voluntatis vestræ & officii mei habuisse, videri merito queam. Interea me meaque omnia tibi ac D. Majoragio commendo. Bene vale, & D. Majoragio officiosissime ex me salutem dicio, atque tumultuariæ scriptio- ni ignoscito: sum enim ita occupatus, ut vix antea unquam magis, id quod communis amicus hic noster testari coram poterit, cui literas hasce ad te per- ferendas dedi. Iterum atque iterum vale, & si quid tuo nomine a me fieri velis, proxime indicato Basileæ 12. Iulii. 1551. EPISTOLA LXXXV. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum. Valde miror literas nostras non perferri ad vos: scio enim hoc semestri ad minimum ternas literas ad te scripsisse, & inter cætera etiam de libris Christophori Mylæi, quid esset actum, indicasse: nempe cum commode mit- ti ad vos non possent, me Petri Pernæ ballis, quæ Patavium mitterentur, in- clusisse, ubi eos reperturus esset apud D. Matth. Grybaldum Jureconsultum: idque ut ei, si quando ad te venturus esset, indicares, orabam. Deinde misso etiam ad me D. Majoragii in oratorem & Partitiones Ciceronis commentario, me & illum accepisse, & uti primo quoque tempore typis nostris in lucem edatur sedulo daturum operam significavi, actis insuper, ut par est, gratiis quod ornandæ officinæ nostræ tantum vobis studium esset: Quin postremo etiam ejus jam sub prælo nostro sudantis specimen misi, quod miror non esse ad te perlatum. Quod etiam locum in Arluni historia attinet, de Marchione Mussii, cum quoque me, ubi in illum incidero, curaturum permisi. Specimen orationum Demetrii Moschi, quod misisti, non displicet, & velim ejus mi- hi copiam fieri: sed ita, ut te bonas horas in ea describendo, teque tanta mo- lestia confici nolim. Facies igitur quod e re nostra, & citra tuam magnam molestiam fieri posse putaris. Bene vale & D. Majoragio plurimam ex me salu- tem dicio. Basileæ 25 Iulii 1551. Quæso si nosti ubi jam sit Christ. Mylæus, ad eum scribas de libris suis quod Patavii eos inventurus sit apud Grybaldum. Y 3 EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 173 I also send here a specimen of the future edition, which I hope will be finished by next September. In it, if I shall perhaps be unable to meet your expectation either in form or in the elegance of the type, I shall at least take care to satisfy you by the correction, and by the plentiful index of things and words which I shall add. I myself read through everything to be printed in this work, which is not permitted in all others in the same way, and I myself compile the index; from this I can promise more certainly. As for the passage in the history of Arluni, which should still be somewhat softened in another place, I shall take pains, whenever I come upon it, that I may rightly seem to have considered both your wish and my duty. Meanwhile I commend myself and all that is mine to you and to D. Majoragius. Farewell well, and give my most respectful greetings to D. Majoragius, and pardon the haste of my writing: for I am so occupied as hardly ever before, which our mutual friend here can testify in person, to whom I have given these letters to deliver to you. Farewell again and again, and if you wish anything to be done by me in your name, indicate it soon. At Basel, 12 July 1551. EPISTLE LXXXV. TO FRANCIS CICERINUS. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Milan. I greatly wonder that our letters are not being delivered to you; for I know that this half-year I have written to you at least three letters, and among other things have also indicated what had been done about the books of Christophorus Mylæus: namely, since they could not conveniently be sent to you, I had enclosed them with the bales of Peter Perna, which were to be sent to Padua, where he would find them at the house of D. Matth. Grybaldus, a jurist; and I asked that you should tell him this if ever he should come to you. Then, having also sent to me D. Majoragius’s commentary on the Orator and the Partitiones of Cicero, I signified that I had received both it and him, and that I would diligently take care that it be published in print at the earliest possible time, giving thanks moreover, as is fitting, for the great zeal you show for adorning our workshop: indeed I also sent a specimen of it, now sweating under our press, which I wonder has not been brought to you. As for the place in the history of Arluni, regarding the Marquis of Mussi, I too promised that I would see to it when I came upon it. The specimen of the speeches of Demetrius Moschus, which you sent, is not displeasing, and I should like to have a copy of it: but only so that I do not wish you to spend good hours in copying it, nor to wear yourself out with so much trouble. You will therefore do what you think is for our advantage, and can be done without great inconvenience to yourself. Farewell, and give my very best greetings to D. Majoragius. At Basel, 25 July 1551. I ask that if you know where Christ. Mylæus is now, you write to him about his books, that he will find them at Padua with Grybaldus. Y 3 EPI-
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA LXXXVI. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum, BRevi ad te mittam, mi D. Cicerine, Majoragii Oratorem, quem tamen scorsim excudere absque partitionibus in præsentia oportuit, idque non mea culpa, cui utilius fuisset utrumque conjungere, & librum utrumque alterius accessione reddere commendabiliorem: sed partim operarum, subinde moras alias ex aliis nectentium, partim etiam præsentium temporum calamitatis vitio, qua per annum fere jam peste apud nos grassante, subinde alios atque alios adhibere jam huic operi, jam aliis absolvendis fuit necesse. Non puto tamen, neque te neque D. Majoragium magnopere curaturum, si etiam absque partitionibus jam Orator in publicum prodeat: propediem enim partitiones subsequentur, idque forma minore paulo, & studiosis scholasticis commodiore. Nisi omnino D. Majoragius malit, etiam hac eadem, qua orator excusus est, forma excudi. Tum ab eo præfatiunculam adhuc aliam, sive epistolam qualemqualem præmitti velim, ad amicum aliquem nuncupatione destinata, ne ipso invito aut nesciente ita excusus liber videri possit. Nuper vidi Aristotelis Rhetorica ab eodem versa, apud Coelium nostrum: neque quicquam opto magis, quam ut commentarios quoque in eadem, quos parare cum jam aliquamdiu intellexi, aliquando etiam absolvat. Eum ut meo nomine quam officiosissime salvere jubeas, meque ei per occasionem commendes, etiam te atque etiam, mi D. Cicerine, oro. Bene vale, & Oporinum tuum amare atque ornare, ut coepisti, perge. Basileæ 25. Februarii 1552. Arluni quoque historiæ ultimam manum proxima æstate imponi curabimus, si vitam nobis Deus producerit. EPISTOLA LXXXVII. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum, IAmpridem equidem ad te & D. Majoragium misissem exemplaria aliquot editi commentarii ipsius in M. T. Ciceronis Oratorem, si vel per bellorum turbas ausus fuissem, vel non expectandum potius duxissem D. Petri Per- næ, ejus a quo literas hasce accipies, summi amici nostri ac Bibliopolæ Itali, ad vos profectionem, qui etiam pedes gratificari mihi, & vobis hac in re voluit, ut sarcinulæ molestiam subiret. Itaque D. Majoragio me excusabis, atque brevi plura accepturum verbis meis affirmabis, orabisque præterea, ut si quid forte in ista editione erratum deprehenderit, annotare ne gravetur, quo secunda editio, quam nos brevi adornaturos speramus, & emendatior esse & gratior studiosis possit: nam majore hac forma non plura quadringentis exempla- ria
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CLARISS. ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA LXXXVI. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Milan, I will send to you shortly, my dear Mr. Cicerino, Majoragius’s Orator, which however it was necessary to print separately, without the divisions, for the present; and that not through any fault of mine, for it would have been more useful to join the two together, and by the addition of one to make both books more commendable: but partly because of the workers, who were continually drawing one delay after another from one thing to another, and partly also because of the misery of the present times, since for almost a whole year the plague has been raging among us, so that it was necessary to employ now one set of hands, now another, sometimes on this work, sometimes on finishing others. Yet I do not think that either you or Mr. Majoragius will much mind if the Orator now appears in public even without the divisions: for very soon the divisions will follow, and that in a somewhat smaller format, and more convenient for scholarly students. Unless Mr. Majoragius should altogether prefer that it be printed in this same format in which the Orator has been issued. Then I should wish that another short prefatory note, or some such letter, be placed before it by him, addressed by dedication to some friend, so that the book may not seem to have been printed thus without his knowledge or against his will. Recently I saw Aristotle’s Rhetoric translated by the same man, at our Coelius’s place: and I desire nothing more than that he may also one day complete the commentaries on the same work, which I have understood for some time now that he is preparing. I beg you, very earnestly indeed, my dear Mr. Cicerino, to greet him most respectfully in my name, and to recommend me to him when opportunity offers. Farewell, and continue, as you have begun, to love and honor your Oporinus. Basel, 25 February 1552. If God grants us life, we shall also see to it that the final hand is put to the history of Arluno next summer. EPISTOLA LXXXVII. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Milan, Indeed, I should long ago have sent to you and to Mr. Majoragius some copies of the published commentary of his on M. T. Cicero’s Orator, if I had either dared to do so amid the disturbances of war, or had not thought it better to await the coming of Mr. Peter Pernæ, through whom you will receive these letters, our very dear friend and Italian bookseller, who also wished to oblige me and you in this matter by undertaking the burden of the parcel. Therefore you will excuse me to Mr. Majoragius, and will assure him in my words that he will shortly receive more, and moreover will ask him, if he should perhaps detect anything in that edition that has been wrongly printed, not to hesitate to note it down, so that the second edition, which we hope shortly to prepare, may both be more corrected and more pleasing to scholars: for in this larger format there are not more than four hundred copies
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 175 ria excudere libuit, quo citius in forma minori, quam octavam vocant, re- cudere ipsi potius possemus, quam plagiariis quibusdam Italis aut Gallis, qui hujuscemodi captandis, inhære solent, percipiendi laborum nostrorum fructus occasionem præberemus. Adjeci etiam primum ternionem Historiæ Me- diolanensis B. Arnuni, in qua propter temporum calamitatem tardius aliquanto procedimus, quod sumptibus ferendis etiam minus hoc tempore sufficiamus. Multum enim insumpsumus jam per menses aliquot, & intercepta nundinarum messe magna jam penuria laboramus. Itaque nuper etiam D. Ascanio, cum forte hic esset, exhibuimus specimen historiæ, & an subsidii aliquid sive a Re- pub. Mediolanensi, sive Duce impetrari posset, rogavimus, quo ferendis sum- ptibus atque eo citius absolvendæ editioni sufficere possemus. Et quia spem aliquam is nobis fecit, ubi primum aliquid subsidii ad nos pervenerit, sedu- lo curabimus, uti brevi tum absolvatur. Interea me meosque conatus ac stu- dia tibi, si unquam alias, quam commendatissima esse hoc tempore vel potis- simum cupio, quo ita affligimur, ut sæpe de tota jampridem cæpta de bonis literis benemerendi functione etiam deserenda consilium nos fatiget. Sed da- bit Deus his quoque finem. Bene vale, & nos, mi D. Cicerine, ut facis, amare atque ornare perge, Basileæ 13. Maji 1552. EPISTOLA LXXXVIII. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum. Cum optimus & doctissimus vir D. Georgius Tamerus Austriacus, amicus meus singularis, ad vos prosecturus esset, non potui facere, quin per cum ad te scriberem, simulque ipsum tibi, mi D. Cicerine quam officiosissi- me commendarem. Eum igitur ut meo nomine amice complectare, & si quid est Mediolani dignum cognitu, adesse ei ut digneris, vehementer te oro. Scripsi etiam D. Majoragio, ad quem ut Tamero nostro etiam aditus pateat efficies. De obitu Francisci Arnuni quod scribis, valde mihi dolet. Debebam enim illi vel imprimis historiæ, quam miserat, editionem gratificari. Sed quid fa- cerem? impediebat temporum injuria, & (quod ajunt sapientis non esse di- cere) illum ita brevi nos post te relicturum non putabam. Polliciti mihi quidem D. Ascanius & D. Angelus Ducis vestri legati qui fuerant, se effecturos, ut vel honorarii vel subsidii loco 100 coronatos haberemus, quo & citius & ele- gantius absolvi historia illa posset, & sperabam sane successurum; sed quia nihil comparet hactenus, differre editionem oportebit, in tempora paulo, quam hæc sunt, fortunatiora. Atque utinam saltem inveniri possit ex vestris civi- bus, qui vel mutuo suppeditare ad hoc opus ducentos coronatos vellet, ad biennium saltem aut triennium a me bona fide ex librorum distractione red- dendos: haberetque interea libros a nobis editos pignoris loco, tum vel hac hyeme uti absolveretur curarem. Aljoqui nisi aliunde auxilium suppetat, non video
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Letters of Learned Men. 175 it pleased me to print this, so that we might be able to republish it ourselves more quickly in the smaller format, as they call the octavo, rather than give an opportunity for certain Italian or French plagiarists, who are accustomed to lurking about in order to seize such things, to profit from the fruit of our labors. I have also added the first quire of the History of Milan of B. Arnuni, in which, because of the calamity of the times, we proceed somewhat more slowly, since at this time we are not even sufficiently able to bear the costs. For we have already spent much during these past several months, and with the fairs interrupted we are suffering from great scarcity. So recently, too, when D. Ascanio happened to be here, we showed him a specimen of the history, and asked whether some aid could be obtained either from the Republic of Milan or from the Duke, so that we might be able to meet the expenses and bring the publication to completion all the sooner. And because he gave us some hope, as soon as any assistance reaches us, we shall diligently see to it that it is completed soon. Meanwhile I most earnestly desire, if ever at any time, that my efforts and studies be most warmly recommended to you at this time, when we are so afflicted that we are often driven by anxiety even to consider abandoning altogether the long-undertaken duty of deserving well of good letters. But God will bring this also to an end. Farewell, and continue, my dear D. Cicerino, to love and favor us, as you do, Basel, 13 May 1552. EPISTLE LXXXVIII. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. GREETING. Io. Oporinus. Milan. Since the best and most learned man, D. Georgius Tamerus the Austrian, my very particular friend, was about to set out to you, I could not but write to you through him, and at the same time most respectfully commend him to you, my dear D. Cicerino. I therefore earnestly ask you to receive him kindly in my name, and, if there is anything at Milan worth knowing, to deign to assist him in that. I have also written to D. Majoragio, through whom you will ensure that access is also open to our Tamerus. I am deeply grieved by what you write concerning the death of Franciscus Arnuni. For I was bound especially to gratify him by publishing the history he had sent. But what was I to do? The hardship of the times was an obstacle, and I did not expect, as they say, that a wise man should not say he would be leaving us so soon after you. Indeed D. Ascanio and D. Angelus, who had been the legates of your Duke, promised me that they would bring it about that we should have 100 crowns, either as an honorarium or as assistance, so that that history might be completed both more quickly and more elegantly, and I certainly hoped it would succeed; but since nothing has appeared so far, the publication must be postponed to times somewhat more fortunate than these. And would that at least some citizen of yours could be found who would be willing to advance, as a loan, two hundred crowns for this work, to be repaid by me in good faith from the sale of books within at least two or three years: and meanwhile he would have the books published by us as security; then I would take care that it be completed even this winter. Otherwise, unless help comes from elsewhere, I do not see
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. video quando absolvere liceat: adeo sunt rationes nostræ omnes propter nundinarum Francofurtensium jam semel atque iterum præcisam messem perturbatæ. Itaque ut etiam hanc adhuc aleam in nostram gratiam jacere digneris, etiam atque etiam te, mi Cicerine, oro atque obtestor, forsan erit aliquis, qui tantilla pecunia, alioqui forte otiosa interea domi latitatura, carere tantillo tempore ut velit, adduci queat. Neque gravabor, si sit opus etiam cum tolerabili & honesto foenore eam reddere, aut aliquo excusorum librorum justo munere gratiam illam rependere. De hoc posses apud Nicolaum Landrianum bibliopolam videre. Esset enim ea res bibliopolæ alicui maxime usui futura. Miror autem quod scribis Sessæ successores, nomen meum in ipsius rationibus nusquam reperire, & chirographum ipsius a me petere, cum is nulli nostrorum pro libris postremo hic acceptis ullum chirographum dederit, sed per Nicolaum Episcopium collectos a diversis libros Basilienses mitti ad se petierit. Cumque Episcopius a me peteret libros Sessæ nomine ipsi ut darem, præbui me, ut par erat, admodum facilem, nempe quod mihi (ut antea factum fuerat) satisfactum ab ipso iri, ad tempus ab eo in literis suis ad Episcopium scriptis manifeste expressum, non dubitarem. Et spero etiamnum successores ipsius denuo admonitos, bonorum virorum functuros officio. Mitto itaque schedulam hisce literis ad te nostris inclusam, qua librorum catalogum, quos per Episcopium petenti ipsi misi, complexus sum, ut plane ipsis constet, nihil nos fingere, neque dolo malo extorquere vel obolum, qui nobis non debeatur, velle. Eam schedulam itaque eis quæso des, & ut mihi satisfiat curabis. Quod vero tua ad hanc rem opera abuti audeo, ignosces. Commiseram eandem etiam Mario Iutio, Sessæ quondam familiari, qui suam quoque operam pollicitus est. Sed desino. Mitto folium, quod te in Omphalii de usurpatione legum desiderare scribebas. De mittendis aliquot exemplaribus commentariorum Majoragii ad vos, quæso per occasionem mercatores vestros Damonos ut sollicitare velis, ut suis, quos Basileæ habent, curatoribus scribant, ut recipere a me, & curare velint. In me nulla eritmora. Bene vale, & prolixitati ignosce. Basileæ. 13. Septembris 1552. EPISTOLA LXXXIX. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum. Pro singulari humanitate tua erga D. Georg. Tamerum meo nomine exhibita, ago ingentes gratias, relaturus etiam prima quaque occasione, pro virili. Mitto jam tandem per Balthassarem Ravalascum, fasciculum librorum, inquo reperies 20 exemplaria commentariorum Ant. Majoragii in Oratorem, quæ ut ipsi statim reddantur curabis, atque ex iis si voles ipse etiam servabis pro te aliquot, si plura voletis, mittam alio tempore. Adjunxi Commentarium Mart. Borchai in Aristotelis Rhethorica, quem pro nobili quodam petebas, is constabit
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Most learned and most distinguished Sir, I see when it may be fitting to conclude; so much have all our plans been disrupted by the business of the Frankfurt fairs, which has already twice cut short the harvest. Therefore, if you would be so kind as to cast yet this chance in our favor, I beg and implore you again and again, my dear Cicerinus: perhaps there may be someone who can be induced, for a very small sum of money, which otherwise might meanwhile be lying idle at home, to be without that little amount of money for a short time. Nor shall I be unwilling, if necessary, to repay it with tolerable and honorable interest, or to return that favor with some just gift of printed books. You could inquire about this with Nicolaus Landrianus, the bookseller. For this matter would be of the greatest use to some bookseller. I am surprised, however, that you write that Sessæ’s successors, in his accounts nowhere finding my name, ask me for his promissory note, when he did not give any promissory note to any of our people for the books he last received here, but through Nicolaus Episcopius requested that the books collected from various people be sent to him from Basel. And when Episcopius asked me to give books in Sessæ’s name to him, I made myself, as was fitting, very accommodating, namely because I did not doubt that I would be satisfied by him, as had been done before, at the time plainly stated in his letters written to Episcopius. And I still hope that his successors, admonished once again, will perform the duty of good men. I therefore enclose with this letter to you a slip in which I have included a catalog of the books which I sent to him through Episcopius at his request, so that it may be entirely clear to them that we are inventing nothing, nor wishing to extort by bad faith even a penny that is not owed to us. Therefore I ask that you give them that slip, and that you take care that I am satisfied. As for my daring to make use of your help in this matter, you will forgive it. I had entrusted the same matter also to Marius Iutius, once Sessæ’s intimate friend, who also promised his assistance. But I am stopping. I am sending the sheet which you wrote that you desired in Omphalus concerning the usurpation of the laws. Regarding the sending of a few copies of Majoragius’s commentaries to you, I beg that you would, on the opportunity, urge your merchants, the Damones, to write to their agents whom they have in Basel, so that they may be willing to receive them from me and take care of them. There will be no delay on my part. Farewell, and excuse the length. Basel, 13 September 1552. LETTER LXXXIX. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Milan. For your exceptional kindness shown toward D. Georg. Tamerus in my name, I give you very great thanks, and I shall also repay it at the first opportunity, to the best of my ability. At last I am sending, through Balthassar Ravalascus, a package of books, in which you will find 20 copies of the commentaries of Ant. Majoragius on the Orator, which I ask you to have returned to him at once, and from these, if you wish, keep for yourself a few copies; if you want more, I shall send them at another time. I have added the Commentary of Mart. Borchai on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, which you had been asking for on behalf of a certain nobleman; it will cost
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 177 constabit batziis decem. Quod si pro te ipso eum servare voles, nihil exigo. Cæterum quod scire cupis, Philip. Melanchthon nihil in Aristotele vertit, sed constanter asseritur, Joan. Sturmium & Rhetorica Aristotelis vertisse, & jam in eadem meditari comentarios; vix tamen ante biennium absolutos fore puto, adeo est magnus cessator Sturmius: & spero longe prius Majoragii commentarios in eadem absolutos iri, quando & textum rhethoricum jampridem ab eo in Latinum sermonem conversum esse, & editum intellexi. Adjunxi cæteris, & fasciculo uno inclusi exemplar manuscriptum commentarii Majoragium in partitiones, quod tantopere desiderabas. Id vero uti ad nos aliquo redeat cum foenore, curabitis uterque. Officiosè autem D. Majoragium meo nomine salutabis, & quod non ipsi quoque una scripserim excusabis, orabisque ut & missa exemplaria boni consulat, & de cætero nos nostramque officinam habeat commendatos. Bibliopolæ Francisco Serono libenter tuo nomine sum gratificatus, & remitto scedulam literis tuis inclusam, cui adscripsi precium singulorum, quos petiit librorum. Sed & indicem meorum una mito, si quos forte etiam de nostris peteret: nam vix alioqui nostræ editionis libros, vel nosse videtur, vel pro aliis curare. Quod nullus apud vos reperitur, qui vel experiri fidem nostram, aut conferre aliquid opis velit ad edendam Arluni historiam, non possum equidem mirari satis: & vehementer doleo inceptam esse, hoc præsertim tempore quo ita sunt res nostræ accisæ, propter interceptas jam semel atque iterum nundinas, ut nunquam antehac magis: alioqui longe facilius eam ad vos remitterem, quam ut absolvere ære meo, quod nullum fere est aut perexiguum, in præsentia possum. Certe D. Ascanius & Angelus, sed inprimis Ascanius, Ducis Mediolanensis apud Helvetios legatus, de eo admonitus perquendam amicum meum Italum, pollicitus est se curaturum, ut 100 coronati nobis mitterentur, quo absolvere coeptam jam historiam possem. Itaque si forte Mediolani eum reperies, meo nomine quæso admoneri eum promussi hujus cures. Interim ego opperiar meliorem fortunam, qua vel mediocriter aspirante, non cessabo, quin meum officium strenue exsequar. De rebus Italicis valde scire cuperem, quomodo haberent. Germaniæ certe ita sunt perturbatæ, ut de recuperanda ita brevi publica tranquillitate jampridem desperaverim. Valde miror improbitatem atque perfidiam successorum Petri Sessæ; quod enim illi de rationibus anni 1547. affirmant mihi esse satisfactum, quid adrem facit? neque enim ego de eo anno quicquam mihi ab illo deberi ajo, sed de anno 1551. quo anno, die vero 10 Iunii nisi ad Sessam cum Episcopii & Herugi & aliorum libris meos quoque pro 15 florenis & 13. batziis, petente eos Balthassare Ravalasco vectore Mediolanense, idque nomine Petri Ant. Sessæ: neque hactenus cuiquam nostrum (ut etiam alios conqueri audio) satisfactum est. Unde si nolint illi curare, ut nobis satisfiat citra impensas alias, vel jure debitum nostrum a prædicto Balthassare exigemus. Sed homines perfidi ex suo ingenio alios æstimant. Efficiam tamen, nisi quod bona fide debent solverint, ut hac fraude sua non 7
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 177 It will amount to ten batzii. If, however, you wish to keep it for yourself, I ask nothing. As for what you are eager to know, Philip Melanchthon has translated nothing of Aristotle, but it is firmly asserted that John Sturm has translated Aristotle’s Rhetoric, and is now meditating commentaries on the same; yet I think they will hardly be completed before two years, so great a procrastinator is Sturm: and I hope Majoragio’s commentaries on the same will be finished much sooner, since I have understood that the rhetorical text itself was long ago turned into Latin by him and published. I have added to the others, and enclosed in one packet, a manuscript copy of Majoragio’s commentary on the divisions, which you so much desired. You will both kindly see to it that it returns to us somehow with interest. Please greet Master Majoragius from me, and excuse the fact that I have not written to him as well; and ask him to take in good part both the copies sent and henceforth to regard us and our workshop as recommended to him. I have gladly obliged bookseller Francesco Serono in your name, and I am sending back the slip enclosed with your letter, on which I have noted the price of each of the books he requested. But I am also sending along my catalogue, in case he should perhaps ask for some of ours too: for otherwise he seems scarcely either to know our editions or to care about them in place of others. That there is no one among you who is willing either to try our good faith or to contribute some help toward publishing Arlunius’ history, I can truly wonder at enough: and I am greatly grieved that it has been undertaken, especially at this time when our affairs are so pressed, after the fairs have already been intercepted once and twice, as never before; otherwise I would far more easily send it back to you than I can at present complete it at my own expense, which is practically nothing or very little. Certainly Master Ascanius and Angelo, but above all Ascanius, the Duke of Milan’s envoy among the Swiss, when informed of the matter through a certain Italian friend of mine, promised that he would arrange for 100 crowned coins to be sent to us, so that I might be able to finish the history already begun. Therefore, if by chance you find him in Milan, I ask you to remind him in my name of this promise. Meanwhile I shall wait for better fortune, and with even a moderate favoring of it I shall not cease to carry out my duty vigorously. Concerning affairs in Italy, I very much wish to know how they stand. Germany, certainly, is so disturbed that I have long since despaired of the public tranquillity being restored so soon. I greatly marvel at the wickedness and treachery of Peter Sessa’s successors; for what they affirm about the accounts of the year 1547, that I have been satisfied, what has that to do with the matter? For I do not say that anything is owing to me from him for that year, but for the year 1551, when, on the 10th day of June, at Sessa’s, along with the books of Episcopius and Herugius and others, I likewise handed over my own books for 15 florins and 13 batzii, by the request of Balthassar Ravalasco, Milanese carrier, and this in the name of Peter Ant. Sessa: and up to now satisfaction has not been given to any one of us either (as I hear others also complain). Therefore, if they are unwilling to see to it that we are paid without further expense, we shall exact our rightful debt from the aforesaid Balthassar. But deceitful men judge others by their own character. Yet if they do not, in good faith, pay what they owe, I shall see to it that by this fraud of theirs they 7
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178 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. non multum nec diu lætentur. Bene vale, & ignosce tumultariæ scriptioni, neque enim licuit, in præsentia quidem aliter. Basileæ 1552. festo omnium sanctorum. EPISTOLA XC. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum. M Isi nuper per Balthassarem Ravalascum, ad vos fasciculum, in quo 20 exemplaria Commentariorum Majoragii nostri in Ciceronis oratorem posueram, una cum manuscripto commentario ejusdem ad partitiones Ciceronis, quem ad se remitti petierat, ut prius quam ederetur, denuo cum re- cognosceret. Adjeceram vero etiam Borehai eommentarium in Rhetorica Ari- stotelis, quem te pro quodam amico tuo petere scripseras. Eum fasciculum an acceperitis, nec ne, valde miror. Itaque nactus tabellarium, qui se recta Mediolanum profecturum diceret, non potui facere, quin per eum ad te scri- berem, & ut prima quaque occasione hunc mihi scrupulum per literas exi- meres, etiam atque etiam te orarem. Facies igitur, mi Cicerine, ut brevi, an perlatus ad vos sit fasciculus, intelligam, & an missa ad vos exemplaria sufficiant, & an quid amplius fieri a me in gratiam vestram velitis. Dabo enim operam, ut me gratum vobis declarem pro virili, si quare vicissim gra- tificari vobis opera ac fides nostra possit, liquido intelligam. Quod ad æs alie- num attinet, quo mihi Pet. Ant. Sessa adhuc tenetur, quod semel atque iterum jam per te petii, valde illorum hæredum ipsius improbitatem atque impuden- tiam miror, cum ipsiusmet Petri Ant. Sessæ chirographo testari possim, eos li- bros ipsum accepisse, & se mihi bona fide mihi satisfacturum promisisse. At- que chirographum illud jam ad te misissem, si fidere itineri jam nimis periculo- so fuissem ausus. Quod solum potui, huic bono & docto viro (eujus nomen velim per occasionem mihi a te aliquando indicari per literas) a quo literas has nostras jam accipis, chirographum illud Sessæ legendum obtuli, isquese vidisse & legisse testabitur. Hæc habui, quæ obiter & subito ad te scriberem, quod ut æqui bonique facias, & ad literas ignoscas oro. Bene vale, & præsenti anno jamjam inchoato feliciter fruere, una cum D. Majoragio, cui plurimam meo nomine salutem dices. Basileæ, 8. Ianuarii 1553. EPISTOLA XCI. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum. Multum sane debere me tibi, mi Cicerine, ingenuo pro eo atque par Mest, fateor, qui rebus meis juvandis adeo sedulo incumbis, ut nullum non lapidem tibi movendum eenseas, quo institutæ a me Arlunensi historiæ editioni promovendæ, aliquod undecunque opis asseratur. Ego certe si Mer- curius
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178 THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. They will not rejoice much, nor for long. Farewell, and excuse the hurried writing, for indeed it was not possible, at the present time, to do otherwise. Basel, 1552, on the feast of All Saints. EPISTLE XC. TO FRANCESCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Milan. I I recently sent by Balthassar Ravalascus a packet to you, in which I had placed 20 copies of our Majoragius’ Commentaries on Cicero’s Orator, together with the manuscript commentary of the same author on the Partitiones of Cicero, which he had asked to be sent back to him, so that before it was published he might revise it once more. I had also added Borehaus’ commentary on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, which you had written that you were requesting for a certain friend of yours. Whether you have received that packet or not, I am greatly surprised. Therefore, having found a messenger who said that he was going straight to Milan, I could not but write to you by him, and I also begged you most earnestly that at the first opportunity you would remove this scruple from me by letter. You will therefore do me a favor, my dear Cicerino, if you let me know soon whether the packet has been delivered to you, whether the copies sent to you are sufficient, and whether you wish anything further to be done by me in your behalf. For I shall make it my care to show myself grateful to you to the best of my ability, if only I clearly understand in what way our services and fidelity may in turn be of use in giving you pleasure. As for the debt by which I am still held by Pet. Ant. Sessa, which I have now once and again asked you to pursue, I greatly wonder at the wickedness and shamelessness of those heirs of his, since I can prove by Peter Anthony Sessa’s own handwritten acknowledgment that they received those books and promised in good faith to satisfy me. And I would have sent that acknowledgment to you already, if I had dared to trust a journey now too full of danger. What I could do, I did: I offered that acknowledgment for reading to this good and learned man, whose name I should like you to tell me at some time by letter on some occasion, and from whom you are now receiving these letters of ours; he will testify that he saw it and read it. These are the things I had to write to you hastily and on the spur of the moment; I ask that you take them in good part and pardon the letter. Farewell, and enjoy with happiness the year now just begun, together with Master Majoragius, whom you will greet very warmly in my name. Basel, 8 January 1553. EPISTLE XCI. TO FRANCESCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Milan. Indeed, I confess, my dear Cicerino, that I owe you much, as a man of noble spirit and equal rank, for you so diligently devote yourself to assisting my affairs that you think no stone should be left unturned by you, in order that some help from whatever quarter may be secured for advancing the edition of the Arlunense history undertaken by me. For my part, if Mercury
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 179 cuius dexter hoc rerum statu vel paulum conatibus nostris affulsisset magis, non commisissem, neque vel operæ vel oleo pepercissem, quin vestra jampridem expectationi atque desiderio, meoque erga vos officio satisfactum curassem. Nunc vero chartis in eadem historia paulo pluribus impressis, referre pedem non licet, neque ea quæ jam excusa sunt abjicere libet, quo fit, ut inter sacrum saxumque hærens, opem aliquando expectare necesse habeam: prima quaque occasione eam nactus, tum extremam reliquis quoque manum impositurus. Itaque quod cum D. Riccio agere coepisti, sedulo ut perfectum nobis tandem aliquando tradas, vehementer, mi D. Cicerine, etiam atque etiam oro, ac per communia amicitiae nostrae ac literarum sacra obtestor. Egi nuper etiam cum uno hæredum aut successorum Petri Antonii Sessæ, qui Basileæ libros aliquot emebat, & ipsius Sessæ chirographo ostenso, ne illum, & debere adhuc mi- hi, necdum satisfecisse tamen, in posterum dubitaret, effeci. Ac pollicitus mihi is est, se curaturum, ut ad proximum Septembrem mihi satisfiat. Oro itaque mi Cicerine, ut per occasionem, & quantum citra molestiam licet, eundem, qui apud nos fuit (nomen ejus ignoro) nostri ut meminisse velit, hortere. Fuit præterea nuper apud nos Augustinus Planta Luganensis, vir (quantum ex unico eoque non prolixo admodum colloquio licuit conjicere) neque malus neque indoctus: qui tui mentione inter nos facta, quum & de eruditione tua singulari ac rara, tum familiari inter nos necessitudine non pauca in medium proferrem, dici non potest quantum ille ea se narratione oblectari testaretur, atque ob eandem etiam me jam arctius amare præ se ferret, & quacunque in re posset suam mihi operam polliceretur. Proinde quæso te, mi Cicerine, proximis literis tuis, de illo ipso quid sentias, certiorem facias. Ceterum folium quoque istud, quod te in Majoragii in oratorem Cic. com- mentariis desiderare scribis, hic una mitto: libenter adjecturus etiam libello- rum proxime a me excusorum aliquid, si committi vectoribus commode po- tuisset. Quod reliquum est, oro, si qua in re gratificari tibi aut etiam Ma- joragio nostro possum, mihi non parcatis: nullam mihi aliam rem facturi gra- tiorem. Bene vale, meque bonis ac doctis viris omnibus, de meliore, quod ajunt, nota quam potes officiosissime commenda, & D. Majoragio nostro no- mine plurimam salutem dicitio. Basileæ, 24. Maji 1553. EPISTOLA XCII. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum. Neque hanc occasionem scribendi ad te negligendam duxi, optime at- que doctissime Cicerine, quum D. Guil. Postellum ad vos in Italiam re- diturum intellexissem: saltem ut & ipsum tibi commendarem quoque, si qua in re eum juvare, vel propter eruditionem & probitatem singularem, tum etiam nostro nomine, & posse & velles: simul ut Arhininæ historiæ negotium tibi Z 2
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LETTERS OF MEN. 179 whose right hand in this state of affairs had but slightly favored our efforts, I would not have entrusted it, nor spared either labor or oil, but would long since have taken care to satisfy your expectation and desire, and my duty toward you. But now, since sheets on the same history have been printed in somewhat greater number, I may not turn back, nor do I wish to cast aside what has already been printed; so it comes about that, caught, as it were, between sacred rock and hard place, I must at times await help: which, having found it at the first opportunity, I shall then also put the finishing hand to the rest. Therefore, what you have begun to arrange with D. Riccio, I beg and entreat you again and again, dear D. Cicerinus, by the common sacred ties of our friendship and letters, to deliver to us at last duly completed. I recently also dealt with one of the heirs or successors of Peter Antonius Sessæ, who was buying some books at Basel; and, by showing him Sessæ’s own signed acknowledgment, I made him not doubt that he still owed me, and had not yet satisfied me. And he promised me that he would see to it that I should be paid by the coming September. I therefore ask you, dear Cicerinus, to urge him, as opportunity offers and as far as may be done without inconvenience, to remember us—the same man who was with us (I do not know his name). Moreover, Augustine Planta of Lugano was recently here with us, a man who, as far as could be judged from a single conversation, and that not very lengthy, is neither bad nor unlearned. When mention of you was made among us, and I brought forward not a little concerning both your singular and rare learning and our familiar friendship, it cannot be said how much he showed that he delighted in that account, and by the same token he declared that he already loved me more closely on that account, and promised me his help in whatever matter he could. I therefore ask you, dear Cicerinus, to let me know in your next letters what you think of that same man. As for the sheet also which you write that you were missing in Majoragius’ commentaries on Cicero’s orator, I send it herewith; I would gladly have added something from the little books recently printed by me, if it could conveniently have been entrusted to the carriers. For the rest, I beg you, if in any matter I can do you or even our Majoragius a favor, do not spare me: you will do me no other kindness more welcome. Farewell well, and commend me most dutifully to all good and learned men, under, as they say, the better auspices you can; and give our D. Majoragius, in my name, very many greetings. Basel, 24 May 1553. LETTER XCII. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Milan. Nor did I think that this opportunity of writing to you should be neglected, most excellent and most learned Cicerinus, since I had learned that Master Guil. Postellus was returning to you in Italy: at least so that I might commend him to you too, if in any matter you might be able and willing to assist him, both because of his singular learning and probity, and also in our name; at the same time, that the matter of the history of Arhiniæ Z 2
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180 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. tibi revocarem in animum, in qua equidem nisi eo essem excudendo pro- gressus, ut citra magnam jacturam retrahere manum non liceat, citius eam ad vos remitterem, quam ut de absolvenda ea citra cujusquam subsidium cer- to instituere quicquam possim. Proinde & eam rem nostro nomine, ita ut spem jam non exiguam fecisti, curabis: & nos, ut hactenus, amare atque ornare perges. Bene vale, & D. Majoragio meo nomine salutem officiosissime dicio. Basileæ, 17. Iulii 1553. EPISTOLA XCIII. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum, Nuper cum nepotem meum in Italiam mitterem, Petro Pernæ bibliopo- læ Italo adjunctum comitem, respondi ad literas tuas, perque eum ad te misi, ut quid de D. Majoragii paraphrasi in libros IIII. de Cælo & aliis, de quibus scripseras, instituissem, proxima occasione significarem. Interea alias a te literas accipio, Kal. Octobris scriptas, quibus idem sed brevius re- spondendum duxi in præsentia: neque aliter licet maxime ad ejusdem argu- menti & tenoris literas, quibus priores erant scriptæ: nisi quod ad finem ad- jicis, non exspectandum mihi est, ut tertio eadem de re scribas, sed potius omni mora deposita respondendum, nempe si forte aliis jam coeptis operibus impediar, quo minus statim hac hyeme vacare toti operi absolvendo possim, saltem ut nulla mora interposita intelligatis, me accepti exemplaris vestri prio- res utriusque partis chartas expressas vobis quamprimum daturum. Id vero me facturum primo quoque tempore, acceptis libris, polliceor, ut in tempore & tituli & præfationes, si minus totum utrumque opus liceat, in lucem pro- deant, & cum vestræ, tum Archiepiscopi vestri, cui dicatum inscribis opus, sive aliorum sive utrique expectationi satisfiat. Reliqua fusius in alteris literis per nepotem missis, quas te jam pridem accepisse spero. Non licuit autem in præsentia plura. Commendo itaque tibi & me & mea omnia, de quibus alias jam sæpe. Bene vale & D. Majoragium officiose meo nomina saluta. Basi- leæ, 3. Octobris 1553. EPISTOLA XCIV. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum. Per hunc juvenem, nepotem meum, Patavium per vos extractum, fa- cere non potui, quin ad te scriberem, doctissime Cicerine: simulque & ipsum tibi meo nomine commendarem, & ad tuas literas IO. Kal. Septembris ad nos scriptas, sed idibus demum Octobris nobis redditas, saltem breviter responderem. Primum itaque ingentes tibi gratias ago, pro singulari erga me
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180 CLARISSIMO AND MOST LEARNED. I would recall to your mind, in which matter, unless I had already advanced in printing it to such a point that it is not allowable to draw back my hand without great loss, I should sooner send it back to you than be able to determine anything certain about completing it without someone’s help. Therefore take care of that matter in our name, just as you have now given no small hope; and do you continue, as hitherto, to love and honor us. Farewell well, and in my name give most dutiful greetings to D. Majoragius. Basel, 17 July 1553. LETTER XCIII. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Milan, Recently, when I was sending my nephew to Italy, accompanied by Peter Perna, the bookseller from Italy, I replied to your letters and sent by him to you, so that I might indicate at the next opportunity what I had decided regarding D. Majoragius’s paraphrase on Books IIII of On the Heavens and the other matters about which you had written. Meanwhile I receive another letter from you, written on the Kalends of October, to which I have judged that the same reply, but more briefly, should now be made; nor indeed could it be otherwise, especially in view of letters of the same subject and tenor as those which had been written earlier, except that at the end you add that I should not wait until you write a third time about the same matter, but rather, all delay set aside, should reply—namely if perhaps I am hindered by other works already begun, so that I may not at once be able this winter to devote myself to completing the whole work—at least that, with no delay interposed, you may understand that, from the copy you sent, I shall as soon as possible give you the printed sheets of the earlier part of both sections. Indeed I promise that I shall do this at the earliest possible time, once the books have been received, so that in due time both the titles and the prefaces, if not the whole of both works, may come to light, and satisfaction may be given to both your expectation and that of your Archbishop, to whom you inscribe the dedicated work, and to others as well, or to both. The rest I have written more fully in the other letters sent by my nephew, which I hope you have already long since received. But it was not possible to say more at present. Therefore I commend both myself and all my affairs to you, concerning which I have often written before. Farewell, and dutifully greet D. Majoragius in my name. Basel, 3 October 1553. LETTER XCIV. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Milan. Through this youth, my nephew, brought out by you from Padua, I could not help writing to you, most learned Cicerino; and at the same time I wished both to commend him to you in my name and to reply briefly to your letter of 10 September written to us, but not delivered to us until the Ides of October. First of all, therefore, I give you my great thanks for your singular toward me
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 131 me benevolentia tua, quam tot hactenus argumentis atque officiis in me conferendis prolixe testaris: quibus utinam referre aliquando parem ego quoque gratiam vicissim possum, nihil equidem magis a Deo Opt. Max. operarim. Deinde quod Arluni negotium attinet, sedulo ille apud me hactenus expectat, dum ad umbilicum coepto opere dignum perduci possit. Sed quia D. Riccio id adeo curæ esse scribis, non minus quam tibi, ut occasionem captet, qua commodè id, quod utrimque cupimus, & aggredi & perficere possit, ipse quoque vobiscum interea æqui bonique faciendam esse quantulamcunque istam moram cenico. Sessæ vero hæredum moram iniquiore animo fero, ut qui ad proximum Septembrem curaturos se, ut omne vetus debitum mihi persolverent, sanctè promiserunt. De Majoragii in Aristotelis de coelo & generatione libros commentariis quod scribis, video temporis occasione nos exclusos plane: neque enim fieri jam amplius potest quod cupitis, ut intra proximam hyemem absolvatur. Sed fieri tamen posset, ut libri coepti typis nostris excudi specimen, hoc est initium cum dedicatione absolverem, atque ita Archiepiscopo vestro, cui dicatum esse id operis scribis, afferretur, quo inde percipere oblectationem, & cujus proxima quaque occasione absolvendi spe sese consolari atque delectare interea posset. Sum jam totus in absolvendo magno ac justo opere Wolfgangi Lazii de Rep. Romana, ante biennium ferme a nobis coepto; quod dici non potest quantum & olei & operæ nobis absumat. Sed spes mihi facta est honorarii, cum ob illud ipsum, tum propter Nicephorum nuper editum ab ipso Ro. Rege consequendi. Alioquin illis etiam sumptibus vix possem sufficere. In Philosophicis tamen & scholasticis libellis, quia citiùs redit sumptus, sere sumptibus ferendis melius sufficio. Itaque quod de partitionibus etiam propediem ad nos mittendis scribis, valde me oblectavit, coeperunt enim illæ jampridem desiderari, a non paucis, qui eam editionem etiam in librorum nostrorum catalogo promissam legerunt. Aristotelicos tamen commentarios, si nobis etiam committere Majoragius vellet, libenter quicquid possem diligentia atque industriæ ad eos excudendos conferre ex animo vellem. Quod si tamen etiam in tempore eos accepissem, potuissem forte rationem inire, qua etiam hac hyeme absolvere eos licuisset: nam ad magna hujusmodi opera, ut tempore opus est dum conscribuntur, ita & parandæ papyri & characterum occasio non ita subito captari potest. Itaque excusabis nos apud D. Majoragium, & de reliquo me meaque studia ipsi quantum licet commendabis. Bene vale, doctissime Cicerine, & nos quod facis amare atque ornare perge. Basilæ, 24. Octobr. 1553. EPISTOLA XCV. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Mediælanum. DE paraphrasi D. Majoragii nostri in libros IIII. de coelo itemque aliis, & præcipue etiam annotationibus in partitiones rescripsi ad vos ante men- Z 3 ses
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LETTERS OF MEN. 131 Your benevolence toward me, which you have so abundantly shown by so many proofs and services conferred upon me hitherto: I could wish to be able to repay it in turn with equal gratitude; and indeed I should ask nothing more from God, the Best and Greatest. Then, as regards the Arluni business, he has been waiting with diligence at my place so far, until the work begun can be brought to a fitting conclusion. But since you write that it is very much a concern of D. Riccio’s, no less than of yours, that he may seize an opportunity by which he may conveniently both undertake and complete what we desire on both sides, I too, for the present, think that this little delay must be borne equably and well by you all. But I endure the delay of the heirs of Sessæ with a less patient mind, since they solemnly promised that by the coming September they would take care to pay me all the old debt in full. As to what you write concerning Majoragius’s commentaries on Aristotle’s De Coelo and Generatione , I see plainly that we have been shut out by the course of time: for it can no longer be done as you wish, that it be completed within the coming winter. Yet it might still be possible that the books begun be printed in our press, and that I should finish the specimen, that is, the beginning with the dedication, and thus it might be brought to your Archbishop, to whom you write that the work is dedicated, so that he may derive pleasure from it, and in the meantime console and delight himself with the hope of its completion at the next available opportunity. I am now wholly occupied in completing the great and important work of Wolfgang Lazius, De Rep. Romana , begun by us nearly two years ago; and it cannot be said how much both oil and labor it consumes from us. But I have been given hope of receiving a fee, both for that very reason and for the recently published Nicephorus from the King himself. Otherwise I could scarcely meet even those expenses. In philosophical and scholastic books, however, because the outlay returns more quickly, I can better bear the expenses. Therefore what you write about the partitions also being sent to us shortly greatly delighted me, for they have long been desired by many, who have also read that edition promised in the catalog of our books. Yet if Majoragius would also entrust us with the Aristotelian commentaries, I would gladly wish from the heart to contribute whatever diligence and industry I could toward printing them. And if I had received them even in time, I might perhaps have found a way by which they could also have been completed this winter; for in great works of this kind, just as time is needed while they are being written, so too the occasion for procuring paper and type cannot so suddenly be seized. Therefore you will excuse us with D. Majoragius, and in the rest you will commend me and my studies to him as much as you may. Farewell, most learned Cicerinus, and continue, as you do, to love and honor us. Basel, 24 October 1553. LETTER XC V. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S.D. Io. Oporinus. Milan. Concerning the paraphrase of our D. Majoragius on the four books De Coelo , as well as others, and especially also the annotations on the Partitiones , I replied to you before mon- Z 3 ths
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182 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. ses duos & amplius, idque bis: ut vehementer mirer an literas non acceperis. Certe quia statim certior a me reddi postulabas, an si non confestim excudi illa possent, saltem præfationibus maturandis gratificari vobis vellem ea præsertim, quæ Archiepiscopo vestrati jam senio confecto destinata esset, scripsi me statim ea in re vobis operam meam summa fide & diligentia locaturum. Sed & editionem ipsam ut hac hyeme absolvere non possem, ita ut primo quoque tempore expedirem, sedulo daturum operam. Itaque jam tabellarium bonæ fidei nactus Casparum Heruagium, qui brevi etiam ad nos rediturus est, non potui facere, quin denuo ac tertio meum vobis animum declarem, si forte priores literæ non curatæ fuissent, ex hisce quid facto opus videretur, constituere possetis. Poteris itaque per eundem ad me de rebus omnibus rescribere, & si nihil aliud, saltem præfationes mittere: & an adhuc præperato sit opus, ut statim excudantur, significare. D. Majoragio me officiosè commendabis, meoque nomine plurimam ipsi salutem dices. Literas quoque ad D. Gaudentium Merulam quæso cura, ut certo illi reddantur. Audio enim ipsum jam apud Marchionem de Maziguian agere. Bene vale. Basileæ, 14. Ianuarii 1554. EPISTOLA XCXVI. FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Mediolanum, Absolvi tandem paraphrasin D. Majoragii nostri, cujus hic exemplaria mitto viginti, quæ ipsi Majoragio dabis, accepturus ab eodem unum atque alterum pro te, si forte gratificari ipse etiam alicui amico velles. Equidem addidissem, & de aliis a me excusis hac æstate aliquot, si non in tempore potius mittere illa, quam expectare aliorum finem qui ante Kal. Septembres vix absolventur, operæ pretium duxissem. Itaque boni consuletis hanc & operam & voluntatem nostram, & si plura mitti ad vos cum hujus ipsius paraphraseos, tum aliorum a me editorum exemplaria volueritis, proxima quaque occasione certiorem me facite. De vectura curavi, ut ne ulla nobis indemolestia oboriatur, ipse enim in me totam eam recepi: cum pro ea ipsa libenter satisfacturus, tum pro illa etiam, qua (si modo libuerit) & alia per eundem vectorem ad me vestrarum lucubrationum estis missuri. Expecto enim & ea, quæ in partitiones, & quæ de senatu sive Repub. jampridem a Majoragio absoluta, ex literistuis intellexi. Sed & fasciculum bene magnum accepturus eram a Ioan. Cynthio Gyraldo Ferrariæ Ducis Secretario, ad quem jam scribo ut eundem ad vos mittat, quo dein una cum iis, quæ vos missuri estis, per hunc ipsum, aut quemvis alium vestratium, qui curatores hic habent, tuto perferri ad nos possit. Bene vale & nos amare, quod facis, perge. Plurimam vero salutem D. Majoragio dicitò, meque ei officiosè commendato. Basileæ, Prid. Idus Augusti 1554. EPI-
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182 MOST FAMOUS AND LEARNED. two months and more, and that twice: so that I greatly wonder whether you have not received my letters. Certainly, because you were asking to be informed by me at once, whether, if they could not be printed immediately, I should at least wish to oblige you by hastening the prefaces—especially those which were destined for your Archbishop, now worn out by age—I wrote that I would immediately in that matter lay my services at your disposal with the utmost fidelity and diligence. And as for the edition itself, although I could not finish it this winter, I was nevertheless determined to bring it out at the earliest possible time, and was diligently to do my best. Thus, having now found a trustworthy messenger in Caspar Heruagius, who is also shortly to return to us, I could not refrain from declaring to you once more and a third time what is in my mind, in case the earlier letters had not been attended to, so that from these you might determine what needed to be done. You may therefore write back to me about everything through the same man, and if nothing else, at least send the prefaces, and indicate whether what has been prepared should still be printed at once. You will kindly commend D. Majoragius to me and give him many greetings in my name. I ask also that you take care that the letters to D. Gaudentius Merula are certainly delivered to him. For I hear that he is now staying with the Marquis de Maziguian. Farewell. Basel, 14 January 1554. EPISTLE XCVI. TO FRANCISCO CICERINO. S. D. Io. Oporinus. Milan, I have at last completed the paraphrase of our D. Majoragius, and I send herewith twenty copies, which you will give to Majoragius himself, and from whom you will receive one or two for yourself, if perhaps you too should wish to do a favor for some friend. Indeed, I should have added some others printed by me this summer, had I not judged it better to send them in due time rather than wait for the completion of others, which before the Kalends of September will scarcely be finished. Therefore you will kindly take in good part both this labor and goodwill of ours; and if you wish more copies to be sent to you, both of this very paraphrase and of other works published by me, let me know at the first opportunity. I have taken care concerning the carriage, so that no inconvenience may arise for us; for I have taken the whole matter upon myself, being willing to pay both for that itself and also for the other, if only you should choose to send me other works of yours by the same carrier. For I am expecting both those which concern the divisions, and those which, on the senate or the Republic, have long since been completed by Majoragius, as I learned from your letters. But I was also expecting a rather large packet from Ioan. Cynthius Gyraldus, Secretary to the Duke of Ferrara, to whom I am now writing so that he may send it to you, so that afterwards, together with those things which you are to send, it may safely be conveyed to us through this same man, or through any other of your countrymen who have agents here. Farewell, and continue, as you do, to love us. Give my very kind regards to D. Majoragius, and commend me to him politely. Basel, the day before the Ides of August 1554. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 183 EPISTOLA XCVII. ILLUSTRISSIMO PRINCIPI FREDERICO, Hæredi Norvegia, Duci Slesvici et Holsatia. S.D. Hugo Grotius. Inter cætera exsilii mei solatia, quæ Deus optimus benigne mihi largitus, præcipuum habeo, Princeps Illustrissime, quod me clementiæ tuæ ac bonitatis materiam esse volueris, animum benevolum testando humanissimis literis: pro quo beneficio, si quid est mearum virium, id tibi omne dico ac consecro. Neque minus lætum mihi, quod ob sententiam de sacris aut de republica extorres atque afflictos tua miseratio sublevat, qua virtus non tenuibus epistolis, sed annalium memoria celebranda est. Quod res hujus regni attinet, postquam Montis Albani obsidio, maxime ob! rem a ducibus regiis male curatam, in irritum cecidit, Cleracum quoque nuper receptum, & prælii unius aut alterius prosperior fortuna animum Protestantibus fecit; at sapientiores secunda hæc pro adversis interpretantur, quod quo magis Rex dignitatem suam læsam putat, eo a pacis consilio longius avertitur. Atque adeo colloquia aliqua de pace instituta in illis locis, ubi hoc anno bellatum, frustra fuere: & Rex ipse, ex quo Lutetiæ est liberior, jam post Luinii mortem, ita ut de ipsius animo promtius sit judicare, ad bellum videtur propensior, quo & procerum pars major fertur, quanquam ex Rupellensium pertinacia ac desperatione non mare tantum per prædas infestum, sed & externorum armorum periculum alii ostentant. Lesdignerius interim pergit in his & finitimis locis Regi operam novare, cuncta in ejus obsequium redigendo: neque scribere omittit pacis hortamenta literis ad Regem. Multa quotidie a Protestantibus proterve aut sæve gesta causam ipsorum onerant. Monte Pelicro nuper senatus præses a Lesdigneri missus suasor pacis a conjuratis quibusdam foede trucidatus est. Sed hoc scelus sumtis a magistratu suppliciis expiatum. Prodiit & nuper liber, quasi Rupellæ vulgatus, sed quem in Hollandia factum ac typis datum constat, in quo armorum in Regem sumtorum causa ita redditur, ut fundamenta jaciantur omnibus Regibus ac Principibus merito suspecta: ut nullum unquam populum a Deo reprehensum, quod se in libertatem vindicaverit: arma pro tuenda Ecclesia licite sumi a quovis etiam privato, qui pii propositi sibi sit conscius, multaque alia in eam formam. Rex intra hos quatuor aut quinque dics Aurelianum est iturus, ubi nuntios rerum internarum atque externarum opperietur, ex illis constiturus quod tempora exigent: sive perdomandis oppidis obsequium abnuentibus, sive hic pace facta vertendis armis in Hispanum, qui valle Telleria occupata, & contra promissum retenta, non Rhætis tantum, sed Helvetiis quoque & Venctis se formidabilem facit. Deus Optimus Maximus Regum populorumque animos ad pacata consilia flectat:
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Letters of Men. 183 Letter XCVII. TO THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE FREDERICK, Heir of Norway, Duke of Schleswig and Holstein. S.D. Hugo Grotius. Among the other consolations of my exile, which the most good God has kindly granted me, I count as chief, Most Illustrious Prince, this: that you have been willing to make me an object of your clemency and goodness, by testifying your benevolent regard in your most gracious letters; for which benefit, if I have any strength at all, I devote and consecrate it all to you. Nor is it less pleasing to me that your pity relieves those who are driven out and afflicted on account of their opinion concerning religion or the state, a virtue which should be celebrated not in trivial letters, but in the memory of history. As for the affairs of this kingdom, after the siege of Montauban, failing chiefly because the royal commanders managed the matter poorly, had come to nothing, and Clermont also had recently been recovered, the more favorable fortune of one battle or another encouraged the Protestants; but wiser men interpret these successes as misfortunes, since the more the King thinks his dignity has been wounded, the farther he turns from any plan of peace. Indeed, certain negotiations for peace begun in those places where fighting took place this year came to nothing; and the King himself, now that he is freer in Paris, especially after the death of Luynes, so that it is easier to judge his mind, seems more inclined to war, and most of the nobles are said to be likewise; though others point to the obstinacy and desperation of the people of La Rochelle, showing not only the sea made unsafe by plunder, but also the danger of foreign arms. Meanwhile Lesdiguières continues to advance the King’s interests in these and neighboring places, bringing everything into obedience to him; nor does he fail to write letters to the King urging peace. Many things done daily by the Protestants, whether insolently or cruelly, burden their cause. At Monte Pelicro, the president of the senate, recently sent by Lesdiguières as an advocate of peace, was most foully butchered by some conspirators. But this crime has been expiated by punishments inflicted by the magistrates. There has also recently appeared a book, as if published at La Rochelle, but which is known to have been produced and printed in Holland, in which the reason for taking up arms against the King is set forth in such a way that foundations are laid for making all Kings and Princes rightly suspect: that no people has ever been reproved by God for vindicating itself into liberty; that arms may lawfully be taken up for the defense of the Church by any private person as well, provided he is conscious of a pious intent; and many other things to that effect. Within these four or five days the King is to go to Orléans, where he will await reports of domestic and foreign affairs, and from them determine what the times require: whether by reducing towns that refuse obedience, or, peace having been made here, by turning his arms against Spain, which, having occupied the valley of Telleria and kept it contrary to promise, makes itself formidable not only to the Rhaetians, but also to the Swiss and Venetians. May God, the Best and Greatest, incline the minds of kings and peoples to peaceful counsels:
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134 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. fectat: atque idem te, Princeps Illustrissime, paterno præsidio protegat & tuis in miseros beneficiis vicem rependat. Lutetiæ XVII. Martii C15. IC. XXII. EPISTOLA XCVIII. D. MULLERO, REGINÆ SUECIÆ A SECRETIS. S.D. Hugo Grotius. Gratissum me mihi fuere, Nob. V, literæ XXIV. Decembris datæ, cum accessionibus suis. Spero Excellentissimos regni Suedici rectores super Saxonicæ foedere ea capturos consilia, quæ ipsorum fortitudinem & prudentiam deceant. Est sane perplexum negotium, maxime ob indicia non optime volentis nobis Daniæ regis. Dicitur Imperator valde improbare, quod is Rex, magnus vectigalium concupitor, aliena per Poloniam vectigalia impugnet, imminuatque vires Regis Poloniæ, domui Austriacæ tam arctis innexi vinculis. Idne ab Imperatoris amicitia avellere Danum possit, an vero hic illius cessurus sit auctoritati, & sua posthac acturus, rectius dijudicabunt, qui propiores sunt. Video & a rege Daniæ, & ab aliis id agi, ut recusatæ pacis invidia Suedos onerent: quo magis laborandum est nostris, ut, si non omnibus, quod fieri nequit, certe æquissimis Principum patefaciant eam culpam ad se non pertinere. Illustrissimi D. Salvii ad Daniæ regem epistola querelas de hostium circa pacem effugiis multas satis continet, alias aliis speciosiores. Illud justissimum mihi videtur, quod, nisi & Gallis paratis incipere colloquia, locis divisa, rebus cohærentia non possumus: pro Gallorum autem foederatis, præcipue Batavis, nondum data sunt diplomata. Lunæburgici conventus consulta nobis ad cuncta dijudicanda lucem adferent, quæ utinam viam nobis sternant potius ad honestam æquamque pacem, quam augeant hostium numerum. Alterum unde augurii signa capiamus sunt Scotici motus. Quisi manent, & , ut nunc gliscunt, honesta erit oratio internas curas externis prævertentium. Metuendum vero maxime ne Hispanica arte ac largitione & Scoti in Regem suum concitentur, & Rex in Scotos. De Gallica pecunia Suedis debita quid sit, jam perscripsi. Ego pergo & Illustrissimo D. Salvio & Nob. V. meum æquissimum negotium commendare. Minus aptos nos reddunt ad publicas dispectiones privata incommodi. Quod si semel constituto, unde petam, quod mihi promissum est, ab isto salo atque agitatione liberer, facile Smalzii minas contemnam, neque ei invideam Gallicas auras aurumque. Non est incredibile id quod dicit Asterius, & purpuratus ille magnus est talium auceps. Ego hanc stationem, quam maxima potero diligentia tutabor, præsertim vobis amicis me adjuvantibus in iis. Nobilissime Domine, Deus vos salvos præstet. Lutetiæ v. Ianuarii C15. IC. XXXIX. EPI-
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134. MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. he accomplishes: and may the same Most Illustrious Prince protect you with a fatherly safeguard and repay your benefits to the wretched in kind. At Paris, 17 March, 1622. EPISTLE XCVIII. TO D. MULLER, SECRETARY TO THE QUEEN OF SWEDEN. S.P.D. Hugo Grotius. Your letters of 24 December, Noble Sir, with their supplements, were most welcome to me. I hope that the Most Illustrious rulers of the kingdom of Sweden will take in the Saxon alliance such counsels as become their courage and prudence. It is indeed a perplexing business, especially on account of indications that the King of Denmark does not wish us well. It is said that the Emperor strongly disapproves of the fact that this King, a great seeker after revenues, attacks foreign tolls through Poland and diminishes the strength of the King of Poland, who is bound to the Austrian house by ties so close. Whether this may draw the Dane away from the Emperor’s friendship, or whether he will rather yield to his authority and henceforth act on his own, those who are nearer will judge better. I see that both the King of Denmark and others are working to burden the Swedes with the odium of a peace refused; so our men must labor all the more to make it plain, if not to all, which is impossible, then certainly to the most equitable of princes, that this blame does not belong to them. The letter of the Most Illustrious Lord Salvius to the King of Denmark contains enough complaints about the evasions of the enemies concerning peace, some more specious than others. That seems to me the most just point: unless the French are also ready to begin negotiations, divided in place yet united in substance, we cannot proceed. But for the allies of the French, especially the Dutch, the credentials have not yet been issued. The decisions of the Luneburg assembly will bring light for us to judge all things, and may they rather open the way for us to an honorable and equitable peace than increase the number of enemies. Another source from which we may draw signs for divination is the Scottish disturbances. If they remain, and, as they now swell, the speech of those who avert inward cares by outward ones will be honorable. But what is especially to be feared is lest, by Spanish art and largesse, the Scots be stirred up against their King, and the King against the Scots. I have already written what the matter is regarding the French money owed to the Swedes. I continue to commend my very just cause both to the Most Illustrious Lord Salvius and to you, Noble Sir. Private hardship makes us less suited for public deliberations. If once it is settled from whom I am to ask what has been promised to me, and if I am freed from that hardship and agitation, I shall easily despise Smalzius’ threats, nor shall I envy him French breezes and gold. It is not incredible what Asterius says, and that great purple-clad man is a catcher of such things. I shall guard this post with as much diligence as I can, especially with you, my friends, helping me in these matters. Most Noble Sir, may God preserve you in safety. At Paris, 5 January, 1639. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 185 EPISTOLA XCIX. JOANNI MEURSIO. S. D. Theodorus Canterus. Luzdunum Batavorum. EA quæ literis tuis, amicissime Meursi, mihi adscribere videris, minime in memet ipso recognosco: quare vide in posterum ne Cantero tuo ni- mitum tribuere videaris, in quo scies omnia esse longe infra mediocritatem, amo tamen viros pios & probos. Et quotienscunque Romanas historias lego, libere & promptissime dixerim, pudet Christianitatis. Si illis, ut nobis, co- gnitio veri Dei fuisset, & veram pietatem præ se ferre licuisset, illisque da- tum esset, ad summam felicitatis pietatisque metam pervenissent, & quam serventi zelo eam amplexi fuissent, qui tantopere in salsa religione, & de qua ipsi naturæ quodam ductu dubitabant, excolenda, religiosi erant. Nos nunc, pro dolor! nihil præter nudum Christi nomen circumferimus, cæteris omni- bus virtutibus nudi & expoliati. Metuo nobis omnibus, ne in die judicii meliori loco, qui Christum non cognoverunt, sint futuri, quam nos. Non quod operibus quicquam aut plurimum tribuendum censeam, sed quia ex ope- ribus nostris, internam cordis fidem & in Deum pietatem palam reddimus. Utinam Romanorum virtus nobis semper ob oculos versaretur? Quanta in illis hominibus fuit probitatis æquitatisque studium, qui Masinissæ inter cætera responderunt, se Masinissa causa omnia velle, sed jus gratia non dari, O au- reum dictum! Quid nos Christiani? Utinam illud dictum penetralibus pe- ctoris nostri penitus impressum insculptumque esset. Hæc tecum. Emenda- tio tua Arnobiana placet, quamvis meo judicio non incommode legi possit: munera sanandis animis hominibusque portabant. Tu judica: Alteras etiam tuas accepi, & emendatio Festi perplacet, quamvis otium non fuit penitus eam introspicere. His vale, & Scriverium meo nomine saluta, cujus codi- cem fortunate accepi, & cum usus fuero, bona fide, remittam. Saluta etiam officiosè Dominum Scaligerum. Iterum vale, raptim. Ultrajecti. XXI. Se- ptembris. Fragmenta Lucilii si ad me per occasionem miseris, pergratum feceris, in- dicato pretio statim refundam. EPISTOLA C. JOANNI MEURSIO. S. D. Marcus Velferus. Hudelbergam. ERgo tu istic hærere cogitas, donec Italici tumores desidant? vide ne hu- jus rei exspectatio longissimam moram trahat: etsi enim Legatus Galli- cus, qui Venetiis agit, me concordiam desperare vetat, alii tamen omnia contra nunciant, & ego sane cui potissimum fidem habere debeam, animi du- Aa bius
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LETTERS OF THE MEN. 185 LETTER XCIX. TO JOANNES MEURSIUS. S. D. Theodorus Canterus. Luzdunum Batavorum. Those things which you seem, most friendly Meursius, to ascribe to me in your letter, I recognize by no means in myself; wherefore see in future that you do not seem to attribute too much to your Canterus, in whom you will know that all things are far below mediocrity; yet I love pious and upright men. And whenever I read the Roman histories, I would freely and readily say that I am ashamed on behalf of Christianity. If they had had, as we do, knowledge of the true God, and had been allowed to display true piety, and if it had been granted to them, they would have attained the highest goal of happiness and piety, and with what fervent zeal would they have embraced it, they who were so religious in cultivating a religion so unsound, and of which they themselves, by some guidance of nature, were in doubt. We now, alas, carry about nothing except the bare name of Christ, stripped and divested of all other virtues. I fear for us all, lest on the day of judgment those who did not know Christ may be in a better place than we. Not that I think anything, or much at all, is to be attributed to works, but because from our works we openly make known the inward faith of the heart and piety toward God. Would that the virtue of the Romans were always before our eyes! How great among those men was the zeal for honesty and fairness, who answered Masinissa among other things that, for Masinissa’s sake, they wished everything, but that right is not given through favor. O golden saying! What of us Christians? Would that that saying were deeply impressed and engraved in the innermost chambers of our heart. Enough of that with you. Your emendation of Arnobius pleases me, although in my judgment it may be read not unfittingly: they were bringing gifts for healing souls and men. Judge for yourself. I have also received your other letter, and the emendation of Festus pleases me greatly, although there was no leisure to inspect it thoroughly. Farewell in these matters, and greet Scriverius in my name, whose codex I fortunately received, and when I have used it, I shall return it in good faith. Greet also Master Scaliger respectfully. Farewell again, hastily. At Utrecht, the 21st of September. If you send me the fragments of Lucilius by some opportunity, you will do me a great favor; state the price, and I will refund it at once. LETTER C. TO JOANNES MEURSIUS. S. D. Marcus Velferus. Hudelberga. So you are thinking of lingering there until the Italian tumults subside? Take care lest expectation of this matter draw out a very long delay; for although the French ambassador, who is staying at Venice, forbids me to despair of peace, others nevertheless report everything to the contrary, and I myself, indeed, am uncertain whose testimony I ought chiefly to trust, being doubtful in mind.
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. bius pendeo. Sed itinerum interea nulla sunt pericula, &, si bellum non exardescet, quod mihi non futurum videtur, saltem his proximis aliquot mensibus, omnes Italiæ angulos tuto perambules licet. Quod pingue otium describendis optimis codicibus bene collocas, quodque Tacticos scriptores in unum tanquam corpus cogere instituis, magnopere probo. Apud nos est Constantinus Imp. Romani filius de apparatu bellico terra & mari, quem si prius non vidisti, hic coram cum in rem præsentem veneris, examinabis. Amicorum meorum quidam nescio quid in Iulium Obsequentem molitur, cujus nullum adhuc exemplar manuscriptum paulo antiquius nancisci potuit, tu si nosti, indica quæso, res enim loquitur, editiones vulgatæ omnes, hujus generis auxilia requirunt. Tacticos an Græce tantum, an cum versione Latina, quod opinor, daturus sis, non ascripsisti. Vale. Et cum in Bataviam literas dabis, Illustr. Scaligerum, cum Clarissimis viris Clusio, Vulcanio, Merula salvere jube. Augustæ Vind. postridie Kal. Ian anni M. DC. VIII. quem tibi tuisque felicem precor. EPISTOLACI. MARCUS VELSERUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Rosstochium. Ommendationes tuas permagni semper apud me futuras ponderis, plane persuasum habe, sed quos tu proxime literis Kal. Septembribus datis diligenter & accurate commendasti, in conspectum nunquam venerunt; epistolam Hæschelius domum attulit, ipsi recte ad mercatum literarium abierunt, credo quod rei, cujus causa tam longinquam profectionem instituissent, nihil prævertendum existimarent: nisi eos morbus fortasse santicus, quo ego cruciabiliter jam diu exerceor, a congressu absterruit. Ne lucubrationes tuas, qua possum symbola non juvem, mitto ecypon annuli antiqui, qui exterius octangula, intus rotunda forma constat, cujusmodi nullum præterea videre memini, inscriptionem habet GENIO CASSI SIGNIF. Vide an alicui tibi usui esse possit. Symmachi locus interpretationem, quam excogitasti admittit, quanquam Munsteri & posteriorum Imp. testimonio & exemplis in re tam antiqua uti nolim, nisi forte obiter, magis placeant Græcorum & Romanorum numismatum characteres. Est apud me Maronitarum nummus, in quo & , in aliis , & sexcenta generis ejusdem, nam & , quod postea ad Servatoris nostri nomen Christiani translulerunt, in veteri Ptolemæi numismate visitur. Ad Magistratuum nomina, qui rei monetariæ præfecti, pertinere plerique existimant. In Romanis est , pro Atilio pro Calpurnio, pro Cuprennio. Et nullo negotio plura ad eum modum observes. Alia ratio est notarum, quibus Gruterus Tyronem & Senecam præscripsit, cum ex Trithemii codice ederet, & si iis quoque proprie nomina expressa. Sed quo magis Symmachum cogito, eo mi- nus
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Most learned and distinguished, I am hanging in suspense. Meanwhile there are no dangers on the journeys; and if war does not break out, which does not seem to me likely, at least for the next few months, you may safely travel through all the corners of Italy. I greatly approve of your spending this comfortable leisure in copying out the best manuscripts, and of your plan to gather the tactical writers into one body, as it were. We have here Constantine, son of the Emperor of the Romans, on military equipment by land and sea; if you have not seen it before, you shall examine it here in person when you come to deal with the matter. Some of my friends are plotting something concerning Julius Obsequens, of whose work no manuscript copy even a little older has yet been found; if you know of one, pray let me know, for the matter itself shows that all the published editions need aids of this kind. You did not state whether you mean to publish the tactical writers only in Greek, or with a Latin translation as well, as I suppose. Farewell. And when you write to Batavia, greet the most distinguished Scaliger, together with the most learned men Clusius, Vulcanius, and Merula. At Augsburg, on the day after the Kalends of January, in the year 1608; I pray it may be a happy one for you and yours. EPISTOLACI. MARCUS VELSERUS. S. D. To Ioannes Kirchmann. Roystock. Be fully persuaded that your recommendations will always carry great weight with me; but those whom you recently, in your letter of the Kalends of September, diligently and accurately commended have never come into view. Hæschelius brought the letter home; they themselves went properly to the literary market, I believe because they considered that nothing should stand in the way of the business on account of which they had undertaken so long a journey: unless perhaps sickness, that wretched disorder by which I myself have been tormented for a long time now, kept them away from meeting. That I may not fail to support your studies with whatever assistance I can, I send an ancient ring bezel, which is octagonal on the outside and round within, such as I do not recall having seen any other of its kind; it bears the inscription GENIO CASSI SIGNIF. See whether it can be of any use to you. The passage in Symmachus admits the interpretation you devised, although I would not wish to use the testimony and examples of Münster and later emperors in a matter so ancient, unless perhaps incidentally; I prefer the characters of Greek and Roman coins. I have among my things a coin of the Maronites, on which there is this, and on others that, and six hundred of the same sort; for that sign, which Christians later transferred to the name of our Savior, is seen on an ancient coin of Ptolemy. Most think it pertains to the names of magistrates who were in charge of the money supply. In Roman coins there is this sign for Atilius, for Calpurnius, for Cuprinnius. And you can observe many more of the same kind without difficulty. A different explanation applies to the signs which Gruter placed before Tyro and Seneca when he published them from Trithemius’ codex, although those too, properly speaking, express names. But the more I think of Symmachus, the less...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 187 nus mihi probari potest, homini auctoritate, ingenio, elegantia præstanti obsignandi rationem placuisse, quæ cuivis ex Quiritibus patri familias conveniat. Viri enim graves & prudentes, se ab his etiam minutis existimari sciunt, ita- que Clemens Alexandrinus lib. 3. cap. II. pædag. multus est in præscribenda Christianis annulorum sculptura, cautione, ut mihi videtur, adhibita, ne vel se ipsos proderent, si aut crucem, aut quidvis ex Christianis mysteriis imprimerent, vel in religionem peccarent, si idololatrico aliquo aut libidinoso signo uterentur. Meminit inter alia columbæ, cujusmodi sculptura apud me est, olivæ ramum rostro ferentis; Gorlæus quoque in dactyliotheca exhibuit num. I I8. addita supra Iride, infra area Noëtica, ut plane Christianum hominem agnoscas, nisi hæc novitia inventio, quod propemodum vereor: apud veteres enim omnia simpliciora. Quid ergo Symmachi verbis faciemus? nemo opinor facile nisi divinando assequitur. Ego mihi facile persuaderi patiar insculpsisse aliquid gemmæ, quod ad Symmachianum nomen alluderet. Sic observare licet in Accoleji Laricoli nummo Phaëtontis sorores mutatas in larices, florem in Aquillii Flori, Ciconiam in Metelli Pii, malleum in Malleoli, & non pauca in aliis aliorum. Nisi fallor ipse eo nos Symmachus tanquam manu ducit, ait enim. Nomen meum magis intelligi, quam legi promptum est. Sed de his rectius tu tum cogitabis, tum constitues. Quid nostri hic mathematici de maculis solaribus sentiant, in adjunctis foliis leges, & quæ vestrorum istic sint judicia, tuo commodo rescribes. Vale. Augustæ Vind. 8. die Novembris An. 1612. EPISTOLA CII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. David Hoeschelius. Altorsium. MItto vir doctissime, libros abs te desideratos, historiam Bavaricam a bibliopolio: Hieroglyphica, & indicem a Domino Vellero, cui litteras nisi tuas velpera, qua mercator attulit. De rebus nostris quod scribam, vix est, nisi quod hic coeptæ sunt imprimi ὑποποιητῶν e Dexippo, Eunapio; Prisco, Malcho, Menandro, Petro Patricio. Codicibusutor duo- bus, sed ejusdem si non manus; certe seculi, id est, ἀγίει ἀἰνι πεωλην scriptis; jamjam & Procopii fiet initium. Quibus finitis, συν ἡμῶ δ ἔπειν proximus forte locus erit Porphyrio ὑπι ὑποχητῶν ἐμιμύχων, & Epicteteis, verum instituta prius editorum cum MSS. collatione. Tuo libro quod scribam epigrammation, vix occurrit: neque enima poëta sum, neque vino vendibili opus est hædera. D. D. Remus & Rittershusius in hoc genere sunt felices, quorum ingeniose compositis versibus tuum exornes librum licebit. Mihi certe vel tetra[n]tichon, quod subjiciam, durius videtur, quam ut scribi hoc loco, nedum imprimi ad libri frontem, mereatur. Ecce enim, (nisi aliud sit libri tui argumentum.) A2 2 T[er]r
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 187 I can hardly think that the reason for sealing could have pleased a man distinguished by authority, genius, and elegance, a reason that would suit any citizen who is pater familias. For serious and prudent men know that even these small matters are observed by others; accordingly Clement of Alexandria, book 3, chapter II of the Paedagogus, says much in prescribing the engraving of rings for Christians, with the caution, as it seems to me, that they should neither betray themselves if they were to imprint either a cross or anything from Christian mysteries, nor sin against religion if they were to use some idolatrous or lustful symbol. Among other things he mentions a dove, of which sort of engraving I have one, carrying an olive branch in its beak; Gorlaeus too showed one in the dactyliotheca, no. 118, with Iris above and Noah’s ark below, so that you may clearly recognize a Christian man—unless this is a novelty of recent invention, which I greatly fear; for among the ancients everything was simpler. What then shall we do with Symmachus’ words? I think no one can readily make them out except by divination. I would easily allow myself to be persuaded that something had been engraved on the gem alluding to the name Symmachus. Thus one may observe on the coin of Accoleius Laricolus the sisters of Phaëthon transformed into larches, a flower in Aquillius Florus, a stork in Metellus Pius, a hammer in Malleolus, and not a few such things in others. Unless I am mistaken, Symmachus himself is leading us there as it were by the hand, for he says: “My name is more easy to understand than to read.” But about these matters you will think more rightly then, and decide. What our mathematici here think about sunspots, you will read in the appended sheets, and what judgments your men have there, you will write back at your convenience. Farewell. Augsburg, 8 November 1612. EPISTLE CII. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. David Hoeschelius. Altorsium. I send, most learned sir, the books you desired from the bookseller: the Bavarian history; the Hieroglyphica, and an index from Master Veller, to whom I had no letters except yours by Vepera, which the merchant brought. As to our affairs, there is scarcely anything for me to write, except that here they have begun printing the ὑποποιητῶν from Dexippus, Eunapius; Priscus, Malchus, Menander, Peter the Patrician. I use two codices, though if not of the same hand, certainly of the same century, that is, ancient writings; and now at once the beginning of Procopius will be made. When these are finished, συν ἡμῶ δ ἔπειν, perhaps the next place will be for Porphyry ὑπὶ ὑποχητῶν ἐμιμύχων, and the Epicteteans, but only after first comparing the published editions with the MSS. As for the epigram I might write for your book, hardly anything occurs to me; for I am neither a poet nor is ivy needed for wine for sale. D. D. Remus and Rittershusius are fortunate in this genre, and you may adorn your book with verses ingeniously composed by them. For my part, even the tetra[n]tichon, which I might add, seems too harsh to deserve being written in this place, let alone printed on the front of the book. For behold, (unless your book’s subject is something else.) A2 2 T[er]r
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CLARIS ET DOCTISS. Τὴ πρύσαι γαίη τῶς τερερῶς είδεν ἐρῶν πις, Πν οἰν ἀμμαίοις τῶς πᾶλαι ὑασα γεν; Τῶδε λαδῶν δέλπεν Ναμάγνη, πάρτα * μαθεῖνη. Keiνς τῶ ἡμπίεν Ὁς σάφα γερίλε τρόπες. Lege, dele, plurimumque vale. Tuus item nobilis Dn. Vuitzentorphius Aug. Vind. 16. Kal. Octob. A. 1602. EPISTOLA CIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. David Hoeschelius. Rostochium. MItto, vir clarissime, Notas ad Phrynichum ejus, quem Aquilam in nubibus appellat Lipsius, quod aciem oculorum ipsius nihil fugiat; de quo Vuackerus, inter alia, hæc ad me: In Phrynicho, quam elegantes sunt observationes magni illius nostri! Memini cum adhuc Andreas Duchthius, acris vir ingenii et judicii, viveret; indignari ipsum sapius solitum, quod in legendis auctoribus ipse animadvertere non potuisset, quæ Scaliger, aliud agens, vel somnians etiam deprehendisset. Sed est hac virtus magnorum ingeniorum, ut quod alii vix immenso labore consequi possunt, ipsis sub manum nascatur. Hactenus ille. Quæras cur hæc ad te? Video cum in Criticis exercitationibus, tum in aliis abs te editis, ingenii tui quoque acumen, perficientis ea, quæ permultos latent. Velim igitur scribas, quid videatur de versiculis tribus, quos in Codice quodam Augustæ reperio inserros carmini Pithagoræ aureo, quod vocant. Post versum namque περήσε θε ταυθ ὅ σε μὴ βλατή, &c. Sequitur hoc distichon. Περῶτα μὴ ἐξ ὑπειο μελιφρον οἰκοπατισ, Εν μᾶλα πιπηνη ο ὑ στὴ μᾶλι ἐρα πελεως, Mὴ ὑπνον, &c. Et post versum δεῦλα μὴ επιρίζα, &c. In codice MS. hic sequitur Σαίς αυταίς Χελαις πισοῦ Φινον, ὅν ιεθέλησα. Sic in Phocylide, cujus auctoris I I I. calamo exaratos habemus libros, invenio tritissimum illum. Mὴte dixiò dixiònes, &c. Post versum LXXXVIII. positum utque multas notatu dignas διορθωσε, ita suspectas Αλαφόρα quasdam lectiones. Velut v. 102. pro σῶμα ἐδ ὅν γαίνε ἐχομενη πᾶντες είς αυτῶ, in M.S. uno legitur Σωμα ἐδ ὅν γαίνε ἐχομενη πᾶντα de ἀν πυρός αυγή. V. 7. pro αιώια, in cod. ἐγγωνιασματα V. 125. pro αυδαξ αυτον, in cod. legitur αυδαξ αδεντον, in alio αυδαξ αναδεντον. Hujus generis alia subjicerem, nisi de his ipsis Gnomicis scriptoribus cum tribus MSS. Codicibus modo a me collatis edendis, ut & de Theognide ad totidem libros comparatos cogitarem. Et forsan imprimet jamjam Scultetus, cum alter, e cujus officina prodit Arctæus, Procopium sit exculurus. Hæc, ne nihil ad te, sub ipsum ad nundinas Francofurdenses Dominici Custodis nostri discessum, exarare visum est: quæ boni sat scio * Futuro (quod Grammatici non annotarunt) medio utitur Theocritus.
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Most clear and most learned. Lege, blot out, and fare well in the highest degree. Yours also, the noble Mr. Vuitzentorphius. Aug. Vind. 16. Kal. Octob. A. 1602. EPISTLE CIII. TO JOANNI KIRCHMANN. S.D. David Hoeschelius. Rostochium. I send, most illustrious man, notes on Phrynichus, that one whom Lipsius calls “an eagle in the clouds,” because nothing escapes his keen eyesight; and concerning him Vuackerus wrote to me, among other things, as follows: “In Phrynichus, how elegant are the observations of that great man of ours! I remember that when Andreas Duchthius, a man of acute intellect and judgment, was still alive, he used often to be indignant that, while reading authors, he himself could not notice things which Scaliger, while doing something else, or even while dreaming, would detect. But this is the power of great minds: what others can scarcely achieve with immense labor, springs forth for them ready to hand.” So far he. You may ask why I send this to you. I see, both in your Critical Exercises and in other works published by you, your own sharpness of intellect, which accomplishes things hidden from many. I should therefore like you to write what seems right about the three little verses which I find inserted in a certain codex at Augsburg in the so-called golden poem of Pythagoras. For after the verse “περήσε θε ταυθ ὅ σε μὴ βλατή, &c.” follows this distich: “Περῶτα μὴ ἐξ ὑπειο μελιφρον οἰκοπατισ, Εν μᾶλα πιπηνη ο ὑ στὴ μᾶλι ἐρα πελεως,” “Mὴ ὑπνον, &c.” And after the verse “δεῦλα μὴ επιρίζα, &c.” in the MS. code there follows “Σαίς αυταίς Χελαις πισοῦ Φινον, ὅν ιεθέλησα.” Likewise in Phocylides, whose books we possess written out in three volumes by the hand of that author, I find that very common line, “Mὴte dixiò dixiònes, &c.” After verse LXXXVIII, besides many emendations worthy of note, there are also some suspicious readings. For example, at v. 102, instead of “σῶμα ἐδ ὅν γαίνε ἐχομενη πᾶντες είς αυτῶ,” in one MS. there is read “Σωμα ἐδ ὅν γαίνε ἐχομενη πᾶντα de ἀν πυρός αυγή.” At v. 7, instead of “αιώια,” in the codex is “ἐγγωνιασματα.” At v. 125, instead of “αυδαξ αυτον,” in one codex is read “αυδαξ αδεντον,” and in another “αυδαξ αναδεντον.” I would add other examples of this sort, if I were not now thinking of publishing those very Gnomic writers, with three MSS. codices just collated by me, and also Theognis, with the same number of books compared. And perhaps Scultetus is now already printing, while the other, from whose workshop Arctaeus comes forth, is about to publish Procopius. I have written this, lest I should send nothing to you, just before the departure of our worthy host for the Frankfurt fair at the time of Dominic; and I know well that what is good
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 189 scio consules. Eclogas Legationum ab illustri Scaligero accipies. Salutat te plurimum Velserus noster. Bene Vale. 7. Eid. April. Ann. 1603. Augustæ Vind. EPISTOLA CIV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. David Hoeschelius. Rostochium. Iteras tuas accepi, vir clarissime, & de funeribus Romanorum quos edi- disti libros. Avidowov, si id nominis meretur, mittam Siracidem Græce cum Notis editum meis, adjecta ideo veteri potius interpretatione, quamno- va, quum lectionem M S. Codicis, quo sumus perquam vetere usi, & il- lam, in multis convenire animadverterum; & cætera etiam antiquitate com- mendetur. Iisdem namque a Cypriano verbis citatur: qui diu ante D. Hie- ronymum vixit, cui Bibliorum versionem adscribunt Quamquam & Augu- stinus mentionem facit alterius interpretationis, quam Italicam nuncupat. De Iesuitarum docendi ratione, quam observent, locutus sum cum nostro Domino Velfero: qui ait colligi id posse ex iis, quæ hactenus ediderint Phy- sica, Logica, & id genus alia. Cæterum quod aves scire, quid hic jam li- brorum exoudatur, vel sit excusum. Velseri nostri historia Boica, ab ejus fratre Paulo Augustæ consule, in linguam vernaculam translata, in lucem prodiit. Origenis item libri VIII. contra Celsum, Græce cum Gelenii inter- pretatione ac meis notis. Accessit Panegyricus Greg Neocas. Thaumaturgi in- terprete Rhodomano, cum II. Casauboni & nostris notis. Nunc imprimitur Procopius Historicus Græce, & Bibliotheca Photii Latine, interprete A. Schot- to Antverpiano, sumptu hæc Velseriano. Prodituras nundinis hisce puto esse Epistolas Isiodori Pelusiotæ & Codice Boico, auctas & Latine redditas a D. Rit- tershusio. Francofurdo accepturum me spero Libanii Declamationes Parisiis impressas, & tractatum Is. Casauboni de Satyra Græcorum, Satira Latinorum: Nam literis, illa mihi lese missuros, sunt polliciti. Themistium D. Remi non dubito, quin ab auctore jamjam sis accepturus. Plura si qua incident scriptu digna, ovr Iei[us] alias. Bene vale, Aug. Vind. 12. Kal. Octobr. 1605. EPISTOLA CV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. David Hoeschelius. Rostochium. Iteris tuis lectis, Vir Clarissime, Velserum, licet cum adversa valetudi- ne conflictantem, illico adii, ut historiarum & antiquitatis peritissimum, a quo fasciculum cum epistola & annuli forma quadam nova mitto; Equidem nihil videor mihi observasse in Græcorum lectione, quod non jam sit cogni- tum tibi, velut in Dionis epitome apud Jo. Xiphilinum, quibus annuli aurei A a 3 jus
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LETTERS OF LEARNED MEN. 189 I know the consuls. You will receive the Eclogues of the Legations from the illustrious Scaliger. Our Velser sends you many greetings. Farewell. 7th day before the Ides of April, 1603. Augsburg. LETTER CIV. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. GREETING. David Hoeschelius. Rostock. I received your letters, most distinguished sir, and the books you published on the funerals of the Romans. I shall send you, if it deserves the name, Siracides edited in Greek with my notes, with the older interpretation added for that reason rather than the new one, since I observed that the reading of the manuscript codex, which I have used, agrees with it in many places; and because it is also recommended by its antiquity. For it is cited by Cyprian in the same words: he who lived long before St. Jerome, to whom they ascribe the translation of the Bible. Although Augustine also mentions another interpretation, which he calls the Italian one. I have spoken with our Lord Velser about the method of teaching followed by the Jesuits; he says that this may be gathered from the Physics, Logic, and such other works as they have published so far. For the rest, I should like to know what books are now being printed here, or have already been printed. Our Velser’s Bohemian History, translated into the vernacular by his brother Paul, consul at Augsburg, has been brought to light. Likewise Origen’s eight books Against Celsus, in Greek with Gelenius’ translation and my notes. There has also been added the Panegyric of Gregory Thaumaturgus of Neocaesarea, translated by Rhodomanus, with the notes of Casaubon and ours. Now there is being printed Procopius the Historian in Greek, and Photius’ Library in Latin, translated by A. Schott of Antwerp, at Velser’s expense. I think that at these fairs will appear the Letters of Isidore of Pelusium from the Bohemian Codex, enlarged and rendered into Latin by D. Rittershusius. I hope to receive from Frankfurt Libanius’ Declamations printed at Paris, and Is. Casaubon’s treatise On Greek Satire, Latin Satire; for they have promised in letters that they will send me those books. I do not doubt that you are about to receive from the author the Themistius of D. Rémi. If anything else worthy of writing occurs, I shall write again. Farewell. Augsburg, 12 days before the Kalends of October, 1605. LETTER CV. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. GREETING. David Hoeschelius. Rostock. After reading your letter, most distinguished sir, I at once went to Velser, though he was suffering from ill health, as the most learned in history and antiquity, from whom I send a packet together with a letter and a certain new form of ring. Indeed, I seem to myself to have observed nothing in the reading of the Greeks that is not already known to you, as in the epitome of Dion by Joannes Xiphilinus, in which the gold rings of the A a 3 jus
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190 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. jus sit concessum? in Cæs. Aug. vita; jus annulorum aureorum Medicis quan- do concessum? in eadem. Item quod annulo ejus signatorio Sphinx fuerit insculpta, post ipsius imago: Galbæ autem annulo, canis e navis prora prospectans: Pompeji & Sullæ annulo tria trophæa; in vita Jul. Cæs. apud cundem Xiph. Gestatio annulorum quam sit antiqua, notum e sacris literis. Genes. 38, Thamar a socero petit αρραθῶν τὸν δαπύλιον. Et cap. 41. Πε- μελομων Φαρμὸν τὸν δαπύλιον ἀπὸ τὴς χερῶς αυτῶν υπειγμεν αυτῶν ἀπὶ πλῶ χεῖεν ἀυτῶν, de quo Philonem lege, lib. de Josepho p. 372. Clem. Alex. lib. 3. pæd. cap. I I. annulum aureum mulieribus ait dari, σεν είς πομον, αἰτι είς τὸν δοπημαινεθη τὰ δικοι Φυλαυης αξια. Cap. cod. docet, qui viris annulus conveniat, & quibus sit imaginibus insigniendus. Execestum Phocensium tyrannum duos habuisse annulos fatidicos, scribit idem Clemens Al. Stromate I. Annulum gestare, Deorum iis imaginem insculpere Pythagoras vetuit, ὑ μὴ πῶς αἰσθητῶς περισανέχαιν, ἐπὶ δὲ τὰ νοντὰ μελιναι, ut idem scribit strom. v. Demonax, invento annulo aureo, scheda in foro affixa, ei se redditurum promisit, qui gemmam, pondus, typum vere diceret. Lucian. in illius vita: idem in Philopseudo, mentionem facit annuli e ferro de cruce quapiam facto; item alterius, cui Apollinis Pythii imago insculpta fuerit; item in Dialogis δαπύλιον μεγάλον πολογων, ὑ ἐνεξελητο τῶν δεχωμεν ἐνθερεῖν πε λω ἐπιμελης. De Gygis annulo & Polycratis Samii nihil addo. Quamquam etiam his scribendis supersedere potuissem, ut tritioribus, quare desino, te- que jubeo bene valere. Aug. Vind. 4. Kal. Novembr. A.S.N. 1612. Nihil jam diu mearum lucubrationum prodiit, quia fui occupatus conferen- do homilias Chrysostomi editionis Anglicanæ cum M. S. Cod. in gratiam Hen- rici Savillii, cujus liberalitate impressa sunt Etonæ opera illius τὰς χρυσομημο- νὸς Tomis VIII. Nunc totus sum in recognoscendis Epicteteis, Enchiri- dio, Simplicio, Ariano, inde ad Cyrilli adversus Iul. Apostatam libros ac- cessurus. EPISTOLA CVI. JOANNI MEURSIO. S. D. David Hoeschelius. Lugdunum Batavorum, Acepi, Vir Clarissime, Hesychium tuum, donum perquam gratum; non eo solum quod amoris in me tui ea significatio: verum etiam, quia editis abs te quibuscunque eruditiorem me fieri posse video. Andronici ὑδὶ παθῶν opusculum, nisi te jam habere existimassem, pridem misissem. Quan- quam ita pauca sunt impressa exempla, ut haud sciam ullane, quæ bibliopolæ nostri est negligentia, Francofurdum venerint. Casaubonus semel atque ite- rum Notis in Theophrasti characteres ejus meminit. Operæ igitur omnino facturus esses pretium, si cum tua interpretatione ac Notis, ut Hesychium modo, eruditissimis illustrares, maximo studiosæ juventutis fructu, minimo tuo
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190 MOST DISTINGUISHED AND LEARNED MEN. When was the right granted? In the life of Caesar Augustus; when was the right of gold rings granted to physicians? In the same work. Likewise, that upon his signet-ring there was engraved a Sphinx, and afterward his own image; but on Galba’s ring, a dog looking out from the prow of a ship; on the ring of Pompey and Sulla, three trophies; in the life of Julius Caesar, by the same Xiphilinus. How ancient the wearing of rings is, is known from the sacred writings. Genesis 38, Tamar asks her father-in-law for the ἀρραβών, the signet-ring. And chapter 41. ... on their hands. On this see Philo, book On Joseph, p. 372. Clement of Alexandria, book 3 of the Paedagogus, chap. 11, says that a gold ring is given to women, ... and that it serves for the distinctions of lawful marriage. The chapter of the codex teaches what kind of ring befits men, and with what images it should be adorned. That the tyrant of the Phocians had two prophetic rings is written by the same Clement of Alexandria in Stromateis I. Pythagoras forbade wearing a ring and engraving upon it the image of the gods, ... as the same writer says in Stromateis V. Demonax, having found a gold ring, posted a notice in the forum promising to return it to the person who truly identified the stone, weight, and device. Lucian, in the Life of that man: he also mentions, in Philopseudes, a ring made of iron from some cross; likewise another on which the image of Apollo Pythius had been engraved; and also in the Dialogues a large ring, ... I add nothing about the ring of Gyges and that of Polycrates of Samos. And although I might also have forborne to write on these matters, as being more commonplace, I therefore stop, and bid you farewell. Augsburg, 4 Kalends of November, A.S.N. 1612. Nothing of my little writings has appeared for a long time, because I have been occupied in collating the homilies of Chrysostom, the English edition, with a manuscript codex, for the benefit of Henry Savile, by whose liberality his works were printed at Eton in eight volumes. Now I am wholly engaged in revising Epictetus, the Enchiridion, Simplicius, Arrian, and after that I shall proceed to Cyril’s books against Julian the Apostate. EPISTLE CVI. TO JOANNES MEURSIUS. GREETING. David Hoeschelius. Leiden. I have received, most distinguished sir, your Hesychius, a very welcome gift; not only because it is a token of your affection toward me, but also because I see that by whatever you publish you can make me more learned. I would have sent long ago Andronicus’s little work On Passions, unless I had thought that you already had it. Yet so few copies have been printed that I do not know whether any have come to Frankfurt, which would be due to the negligence of our bookseller. Casaubon once and again mentions it in his Notes on Theophrastus’s Characters. You would therefore certainly be doing a most worthwhile service if, together with your interpretation and notes, as you have just done with Hesychius, you were to illuminate it with your most learned scholarship, to the greatest benefit of studious youth and at the least expense to yourself.
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 191 tuo labore, qui in hoc lucubrationum genere es exercitatissimus. Herodis inscriptionem abs te versam habeo e tuo autographo, atque ut Casaubonus no- ster edidit; unde minus de Glossariensi laboraram editione, ad quam nega- bant quicquam accessisse; neque ullum ejus exemplum venale prostat. Quod si de illa recognoscenda cogitas; vide an versus 6. ita possit legi, et a[n]i[m]a[n]tæ πινετοιον, id est, recenseamini. Nam in M. S. Roma huc ad Nobilissimum nostrum Velsrum misso, ultima solum litera desideratur, et a[n]i[m]a[n]tæs αλειχεσθον. Sic Pind. Ode 2. Olymp. πηλαίς πεληκάδις καθμὸς εν τέτοις αλειχεσθον. In editione Casauboni post versum XI I. hic desideratur; τις δοσλω σκιτεῖναι ἐν- ποχον ἐστφανωτιν. V. 24. videtur legendum χλωροδ[ει] Ιενον. Velut Hesiodus in Scuto Herculis v. 145. dixit λοθια Ιεροτον. V. 25. putabam legi posse δεω[η]ν π. α. ἐπιχειμακενην v. 34 προφήμενο malim πειχον. Epiphan. in Ancyro, de cultu Deorum αλλον δερέμενον, (libri editi περμενον, mendose) ἐν περικατι ἀρπευτιον περεπιπε ἐν μεθυσον διονύσινον ἐν πολυμοχθον ἑληπλιεν. Sed Sus Mi- nervam, qui hac ad te. Si tibi notus sit, aut amicus, Iacobus Philippus Maus- sacus Bitterrensis, qui mecum hic ante quadriennium fuit; cum eo per lite- ras agere possis (quanquam ubi locorum vivat, me latet, nisi forte in Gallia) de Harpocratione; quem e codice M. S. integriorem & emendatiorem pro- misit. Amplissimus noster Velserus te peramanter resalutat: salutem plurimam adscribo etiam Cl. Domino Heinsio, cui ex literis Fed. Morelli, professoris Regii, hæc ad me, ni molestum, significa; & quidem ipsa ejus verba; Au- dio etiam penes Danielem Heinsium, Clarissimum Doctissimumque virum esse M. S. Epictetum, qui Ios. Scaligeri μαναξίτε fuerat, emendatiorem am- plioremque. Ego humanitate viri illius cum singulari eruditione juncta, pla- ne perspecta, non dubito quin tibi publico bono peculium istud conferat vel ul- tro. Hæc ille, qui etiam ad Arianum nonnullas emendationes sponte misit. Benevale, vir eximie, meque amare perge. Augustæ Vind. 5. Kalend. No- vembr. 1614. EPISTOLA CVIÆ Reverendissime Pater ac Domine Clementissime. Affertur literis, atque sermone multorum R. D. V. cooptatam esse in sacrum Cardinalium collegium. Gaudeo sane, ut debeo, vehementer, eam virtutis suæ pietatisque erga Ecclesiam & innumerabilium meritorum fructum tandem aliquando coepisse. Gratulor igitur R. D. V. atque ut hæc ei dignitas bene feliciter, prospereque eveniat opto. Neque solum illigratulor, sed ipsi etiam Pontifici nostro Maximo, qui eum tribuit fructum. Nam & ce- lebratur hoc illius pulcherrimum factum, & laudibus pene divinis ad coelum usque extollitur. Neque id injuria. Constat enim in creandis Cardinalibus, hoc tempore rationem esse habitam eorum, quorum excellens sapientia, ac pietas singularis Ecclesiam prope ruentem fulcire possit. Itaque Romam esse etiam nunc locum illum, ubi virtus præstantium virorum lucere atque ornari possit,
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LETTERS OF MEN. 191 by your labor, in which branch of study you are most highly practiced. I have your inscription of Herodes, taken from your autograph, and as our Casaubon published it; from which I had less trouble over the Glossarian edition, to which they denied that anything had been added; nor is any copy of it offered for sale. But if you are thinking of revising it, see whether line 6 may be read thus: a[n]i[m]a[n]tæ πινετοιον, that is, “be counted over.” For in the M.S. sent here from Rome to our most noble Velsrus, only the last letter is missing, and a[n]i[m]a[n]tæs αλειχεσθον. Thus Pindar, Ode 2 Olymp. πηλαίς πεληκάδις καθμὸς εν τέτοις αλειχεσθον. In Casaubon’s edition, after verse XI. I. this is missing: τις δοσλω σκιτεῖναι ἐν- ποχον ἐστφανωτιν. In v. 24 it seems it should be read χλωροδ[ει] Ιενον. As Hesiod in the Shield of Heracles, v. 145, said λοθια Ιεροτον. In v. 25 I thought it could be read δεω[η]ν π. α. ἐπιχειμακενην; in v. 34 I would prefer προφήμενο πειχον. Epiphan. in Ancyro, on the worship of the Gods, αλλον δερέμενον, (the printed books have περμενον, incorrectly) ἐν περικατι ἀρπευτιον περεπιπε ἐν μεθυσον διονύσινον ἐν πολυμοχθον ἑληπλιεν. But enough of that. I am sending this to you. If he is known to you, or your friend, Jacobus Philippus Maussacus of Bitterrense, who was here with me four years ago, you may correspond with him by letter (though where he lives I do not know, unless perhaps in France) about Harpocration, whom he promised from a M.S. codex in a fuller and more corrected form. Our most distinguished Velserus sends you his most affectionate greetings: I also send my warmest respects to the learned Lord Heinsius, to whom, from letters of Fed. Morellus, Royal Professor, please convey this from me, if it is not troublesome; and indeed his very words: “I also hear that Daniel Heinsius, a most famous and most learned man, has the M.S. Epictetus, which had belonged to Jos. Scaliger, more correct and more complete.” I, having clearly seen the humanity of that man joined with singular learning, do not doubt that for the public good he will confer that little treasure upon you willingly, even of his own accord. This is what he said, who also freely sent some emendations to Arianus. Farewell, excellent man, and continue to love me. Augsburg, 5th day before the Kalends of November, 1614. EPISTLE CVI To the Most Reverend Father and Most Clement Lord. It is brought by letters and by the report of many that Your Reverence has been admitted into the sacred college of Cardinals. I rejoice indeed, as I ought, greatly, that the fruit of your virtue and piety toward the Church, and of your innumerable merits, has at last begun to appear. Therefore I congratulate Your Reverence, and I pray that this dignity may come to him well, happily, and prosperously. And I congratulate not only him, but also our Most Holy Pontiff himself, who has bestowed this reward. For this his most beautiful deed is celebrated, and is exalted to heaven with almost divine praises. Nor without reason. For it is clear that in the creation of Cardinals, regard has been had at this time for those whose outstanding wisdom and singular piety might support a Church that was almost collapsing. Thus even now Rome is that place where the virtue of outstanding men may shine forth and be adorned,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 193 veteri, Deus a nobis vere ac pie colatur. In quam rationem si incubuissime jamdudum, neque auctores sectarum habuissent tantum, unde nobis invidiam conflare possent, neque Deus ipse passus fuisset illa nobis infligi vulnera, quibus pene confecti sumus. Itaque si Ecclesiæ nostræ constitutæ fuerint melius hoc tempore, & conservabuntur ipsæ, & multi eorum, qui defecerunt amore illarum excitati, ad eas se reduci non ægre patientur. Ut si qui forte maneant pertinaces, hi minore postea negotio atque periculo frangantur. Sed quid ago! qui ipse consilii inops de re tanta sententiam meam explicare non dubito, idque R.D.V. veruntamen cum sequor, quo me vocat eadem, quæ jure quodam suo mihi imperare potest, culpam hanc meam ipsa præstabit. Iam vero quod Reverendissimus Episcopus Missensis D. Decanum optavit adjutorem sibi, est id quidem factum me non solum consentiente, sed etiam applaudente. Faveo enim honori optimi illius viri, qui tam bene meritus est de ecclesia Missensi, ut si ratio ipsius habita non fuisset, gravem accepisse injuriam videretur. Quæ autem de me scripsit R.D.V. præ se scrunt singularem ejus erga me clementiam, qua quidem adducitur ipsa, ut & tribuere mihi magna, & de ornamentis meis cogitare non desinat. Quamobrem maximas illi gratias habeo, ac ita prorsus existimo, in ipsa mihi plurimum adjumenti esse, ac præsidii; atque hoc quidem eo mihi est jucundius, quod videtur in patria mihi quodammodo obseptum esse iter ad uberiora commoda ornamentaque, nam quæ illic habeo, eo loci sunt, ut præclare agatur mecum, si ipsa non dico augere, sed tueri quoquomodo & retinere possim. Quanquam patriæ nihil hic exprobro. Nullo enim meo obstricta est beneficio, ac, si obstricta esset maxime, non foret tamen causa, cur exprobarem, cum præsertim in ea nec Principis optimi favor, nec optimatum studia mihi desint. Id quod non ita pridem expertus sum, cum ecclesiæ Merseburgensis Episcopus esset eligendus. Sed quia plus tum valuit certorum hominum potestas (quos tamen non tam affectione animi, quam judicio suo ductos fuisse arbitror, nihil enim mihi sumo, nec ulli invideo) lætor mihi tantum præsidii in R.D.V. positum esse, non quod magnos honores jure quodam meo vendicare mihi possim, aut doleam, cum in altiori dignitatis gradu non collocer, sed quod nolim accessionem emolumentorum meorum honorisque ex arbitratu istorum amplius pendere: fatendum est enim. Quapropter ad benignitatem R.D.V. me confero totum, illique me ac mea omnia trado, atque commendo. Quod reliquum est, Munsterum nuper vi eaptum est. Rex ejus civitatis in potestatem venit Episcopi Munsteriensis. Hujus casus multos, qui alias cupidi sunt novarum rerum, in officio haud dubie continebit. Valeat R.D.V. meque in clientibus suis habeat. Moguntiaci Nonis Iulii. Anno post Christum natum. M.D. xxxv. JULIUS PFLUG. Eb EPI-
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Letters of Men. 193 in the old way, God may be truly and piously worshiped by us. Had this course been vigorously pursued long since, the authors of the sects would not have had so much material from which to stir up enmity against us, nor would God himself have allowed those wounds to be inflicted on us by which we have almost been brought to ruin. Therefore, if our Churches are now better established, they will both be preserved, and many of those who have fallen away, being stirred by affection for them, will not refuse to be brought back to them. Even if some should perhaps remain obstinate, they will afterward be broken with less trouble and danger. But what am I doing? I, who myself am without counsel in so great a matter, do not hesitate to explain my opinion, and that to R.D.V. Nevertheless, as I follow the path to which that same authority calls me, and which by a certain right of its own can command me, it will itself bear this fault of mine. And now, as the Most Reverend Bishop of Münster wished D. the Dean to be his assistant, this was done not only with my consent, but also with my approval. For I favor the honor of that most excellent man, who has deserved so well of the church of Münster that, if regard had not been had for him, he would seem to have suffered grave injustice. But what R.D.V. has written concerning me shows her singular kindness toward me, by which indeed she is led not only to bestow great things on me, but also never to cease thinking of my distinctions. For this reason I thank her most earnestly, and I quite believe that in her there is for me very great help and protection; and this is the more pleasing to me because it seems that in my native place the way to fuller advantages and honors is somehow blocked for me. For what I have there is such that I am treated well enough, if I can not so much increase them as in some way preserve and retain them. Although I make no complaint here against my native place. For it is under no obligation to me because of any benefit received, and even if it were under the greatest obligation, that would still not be a reason for complaint, especially since I do not lack there either the favor of the best of princes or the support of the leading men. I have recently experienced this, when a bishop had to be elected for the church of Merseburg. But because the power of certain men then prevailed more strongly—though I think they were guided not so much by personal feeling as by their own judgment, for I claim nothing for myself and envy no one—I am glad that so much support is placed in R.D.V.; not because I can by any right of mine claim great honors for myself, or complain that I am not placed in a higher rank of dignity, but because I do not wish the increase of my emoluments and honor to depend any longer on the will of those men: for this must be admitted. Wherefore I commit myself wholly to the kindness of R.D.V., and I entrust and commend to her myself and all that I have. The rest is this: Münster has recently been captured by force. The king of that city has come into the power of the Bishop of Münster. This event will undoubtedly keep many, who are otherwise eager for novelties, in their duty. Farewell, R.D.V., and keep me among your clients. At Mainz, the Nones of July, in the year after the birth of Christ 1535. JULIUS PFLUG.
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CVII. Reverendissime in Christo Pater ac Domine D. Colendissime. Iteras R.D.V. accepi, quibus humanissime, atque amantissime mihi de- clarat, se nuper amplissimi Collegii nostri suffragiis Cardinalem renuncia- tum esse. Quæ quidem res vel communi Christianorum bono, vel amplissimi collegii nostri ornamento, vel postremo clarissimo. S.D.N. de ipsius meritis ju- dicio, mihi (ut par erat) accidit gratissima. Tanta enim R.D.V. tua virtus, tua pru- dentia, tua auctoritas est, ut hujusmodi quidem honor, etsi amplissimus, tamen non tam in cum gratis collocatus, quam meritis, ipsius redditus, ac persolutus esse videatur. Quare quemadmodum & Sancto D.N. & isti Sanctæ sedi, & R.D. V. ex animo gratulor, ita quod ad me attinet, vehementer gaudeo, cum tam insi- gnem virum in collegium nostrum ascitum & cooptarum esse videam. Atque hanc meam lætitiam nuper literæ R.D.V. mihi redditæ cumularunt, quibus & operam suam, & amicitiam amantissime mihi desert, ut facile vel hoc uno argumento planum, ac testatum relinquatur, eandem virtute & humanitate demini cedere. Ego vero R.D.V. summas pro eo gratias ac debeo, & ago, & habeo, idemque proviribus annitar, contendamque ut pari animo & af- fectu summam ipsius erga me humanitatem prosequar, cui equidem tam stu- diosè, tamque cupide in mutua nostra amicitia respondere curabo, ut facile sperem, me dignissimum ab omnibus existimatum iri, quem tanta sua bene- volentia atque animo complectatur. Quod ipsum ut quam sæpissime velit, ex- periri, eandem vehementer etiam atque etiam oro. Profecto re ipsa liqui- do intelliget, me quemadmodum amicitiam erga me suam maximi faciam, ita ab eadem nec officio nec amore posse unquam superari. Felicissime valeat: R.D.V. quam Deus optimus augere, & conservare dignetur. Datæ Ebonæ die XVI. Iulii. M. D. XXXV. C. Rmæ. D. V. Humilis Stor. A. CARDINALIS. EPISTOLA CIX. P. POMERANUS. S.D. M. Antonio Majoragio bono atque erudito homini. Mediolanum. Venit nuper ad me M. Antonius Savolius, quem ego cum multis de causis acceperim hilare, tum sane eo vidilibentius, quod abs te proficisceretur. Biragi mei arcte complexi sunt hominem, & vitæ subsidia omnia detulerunt cumulate. Qua de re tibi sane habenda est gratia, qui huc illum extruseris. Verum quoniam te ego bonorum virorum curam ac patrocinium tam graviter suscipere video, age nunc doctissime Majoragi, Nicolaum Montanum summa spe,
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Most clear and most learned. Epistle CVII. Most Reverend Father in Christ and most esteemed Lord. I have received your letters, Reverend Lordship, by which you very kindly and most affectionately inform me that, by the votes of our most illustrious College, you have recently been declared a Cardinal. This matter was most gratifying to me, whether for the common good of Christians, or for the ornament of our most illustrious College, or finally for the very clear judgment of our most holy Lord concerning your merits. For so great is your virtue, your prudence, and your authority, Reverend Lordship, that such an honor, though most distinguished, seems not so much to have been bestowed upon you gratuitously, as to have been returned and repaid to you according to your merits. Wherefore, as I sincerely congratulate both our Holy Lord and that Holy See and your Reverend Lordship, so, for my own part, I greatly rejoice to see so eminent a man admitted and enrolled in our College. And this joy of mine has been increased by the letters of your Reverend Lordship lately returned to me, in which you most lovingly declare both your assistance and your friendship toward me, so that by this one proof alone it may be made plain and manifest that you are second to none in virtue and kindness. And indeed I owe, and render, and hold, the greatest thanks to your Reverend Lordship for this, and I shall strive with all my power, and endeavor that with like spirit and affection I may pursue your great kindness toward me, to which I shall take care to respond so zealously and eagerly in our mutual friendship that I may easily hope to be judged by all as most worthy of being embraced by your great goodwill and favor. I beg you very earnestly to experience this as often as possible. Indeed, by the fact itself you will clearly understand that, just as I greatly value your friendship toward me, so neither in duty nor in affection can I ever be surpassed by it. May your Lordship fare most happily: may the most good God deign to increase and preserve your Reverend Lordship. Given at Ebona, on the 16th day of July, 1535. To your Reverend Lordship. Your humble servant, A. CARDINALIS. Epistle CIX. P. POMERANUS. S.D. To M. Antonio Majoragio, a good and learned man. Milan. Recently M. Antonio Savolius came to me, whom I received gladly for many reasons, and indeed the more willingly because he was coming from you. My Biragi embraced the man warmly, and provided all the necessaries of life in abundance. For this you certainly deserve thanks, since you have sent him here. But since I see that you take so seriously the care and patronage of good men, come now, most learned Majoragi, Nicolaus Montanus with the highest hope,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 195 spe, & maxima ad te fidicia confugientem, apud virum aliquem præstantem ac divitem colloca: ubi & Italice loqui, & gentis vestræ instituta ac mores discere accuratè possit. Ego hoc quidem tam enixe abs te postulo, quam quod enixissime. Vale. Alavasii Ad. VI. Kal. April. M. D. XLVIII. EPISTOLA CX. ILLUSTRISSIMO PRINCIPI A D O L F O. Hæredi Norvegia, Duci Slesvici, Holsteinia, &c. S. D. Iustus Lipsius. Verecundor certe Illustrissimam Celsitudinem Tuam appellare, aut interpellare in re non grandi. Ante annum unum aut alterum Fredericus Holstinius (quem propriis literis Celsitudo tua mihi commendarat) cum e Gallia redisset, pecunia a me adjutus fuit ad iter & ad vestes. Ea summa, cum reliquiis debiti Gallicani, sive Parisiensis, tangit & accedit ad florenos nostrates septuaginta quinque & 15. Stuf. Sæpius ego & litteras & rationes cum fide &c particulariter scriptas transmisi. Sed nihil responsi hactenus cum acceperim, coegit me ipsa res uti ad Celsitudinem Tuam hoc scriptum dirigerem: & ab ea supplex peterem finem aliquem negotio non magno imponi. Mihi quidem & serviisse Celsitudini Tuæ jucundum est, & in, posterum erit: tantum ut id ne cum damno meo fiat, clementer peto. Deus Opt. Max. Illustrissimam Celsitudinem Tuam cum Illustrissima Conjuge & liberis diu servet incolumem. Leidæ XXVIII. Iunii. 1584. EPISTOLA CXI. J. LIPS IUS. S. D. Christiano Bruningio. Subscribe te meum, si patiar. Egone patiar; imo peto, & jubeo uti meus sis, & semper sic perseveres. Nam candidè, amo ingenium tuum atque indolem factam ad virtutem & doctrinam: nec mutarunt me ea, quæ censes, levia, juvenilia, ut uno verbo dicam. Ego non nescio quid ea ætate soleat: sed hoc quoque scio regressum esse debere, & fræna non laxanda ad cursum, quo servor aut lascivia vocant. Omnino, mi Bruningi, te hoc minime decet, super ætatem doctum & sapientem, atque optimam viam ad optima ingressum. Ne spem hanc nostram & vota destitue, illos potius destitue qui sevocant aut abducunt, tui dissimiles, te indignos, & quos ad latus tuum videri indignor. Summa mei scripti est, amo te, bene tibi esse & te bonum cupio; & si quid ad hæc possum, enitar. Vale. Lovanii Idibus Sextil. c13. 13. xcvi. Bb 2 EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 195 in hope, and taking refuge with the greatest confidence in you, place him with some excellent and wealthy man: where he may carefully learn both to speak Italian and to acquire the institutions and customs of your people. I certainly ask this of you as earnestly as can possibly be asked. Farewell. At Alavasium, VI Kal. April. 1548. LETTER CX. TO THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE ADOLPHUS, Heir of Norway, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, etc. S. D. Justus Lipsius. I am certainly ashamed to address or trouble Your Most Illustrious Highness in a matter of no great importance. A year or two ago Frederick Holstinius (whom Your Highness had recommended to me by your own letters), when he had returned from France, was assisted by me with money for his journey and clothes. That sum, together with the remainder of the French, or Paris, debt, amounts to and comes to our own florins seventy-five and 15 stivers. I have often sent both letters and accounts, faithfully and, etc., written in detail. But since I have as yet received no reply, the matter itself has compelled me to direct this writing to Your Highness, and to beg her humbly that some end may be put to a business not a great one. Indeed, it is agreeable to me both to have served Your Highness and, in future, it will be so; only I beg kindly that it not be done to my loss. May God Almighty preserve Your Most Illustrious Highness, together with your Most Illustrious Consort and children, safe and sound for a long time. At Louvain, the 28th of June, 1584. LETTER CXI. J. LIPSIUS. S. D. To Christian Bruning. Consider yourself mine, if I may allow it. Shall I allow it? Nay, I ask and command that you be mine, and always continue so. For, frankly, I love your talent and your disposition, formed for virtue and learning; nor have those things, which you consider trifles, youthful follies, to speak in a word, changed me. I do not ignore what is customary at that age; but I also know that there must be a return, and that the reins must not be loosened toward that course to which indulgence or wantonness call us. In any case, my dear Bruning, this is least fitting for you, learned and wise beyond your years, and already entered upon the best path to the best things. Do not disappoint this hope of ours and these wishes; rather disappoint those who draw you aside or lead you away, men unlike yourself, unworthy of you, and whose being seen at your side I deem unworthy. The sum of my letter is this: I love you, I desire that you be well and that you be good; and if I can do anything to that end, I shall strive. Farewell. At Louvain, the Ides of Sextilis, 1596. Bb 2 EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CXII. J. LIPSIUS. S. D. Christiano Bruningio. Grata & bona quæ scribis de te, & ut sic semper, numen oro. Mi Bru- Gningi, temperanda hæc ætas est, & fræno rationis auriganda, quo honestas & utilitas vocant. Sed tali ingenio non potes quin facias, & ipse potius ab- ripias locum aliis, quam ut abripiare. In otio te esse, sed & quiete, quod scribis, gaudeo; utere illo, & hac fruere, in bonum tuum gaudiumque. Quid autem Canteri? illine Augustinum? id mihi novum nuntium fuit, & censebam ta- lium artium scriptorumque eos esse. Non quin ipsi quoque eos libemus, sed libemus scilicet tantum. De Petronianis, recte judicas: juventus est, & va- nitas, & cruda adhuc studia in lucem protrusa. Sed in illis hæretis, anhuc, an alio discendi vivendique caussa te conferas? etsi hinc edicta credo te arcent, al- tera, barbarica, si fas mihi (sed fas) dicta. Quid agitis Batavi? quid lon- gius a nobis, quos jungi volebamus & expedit iter? sed pauca hæc capita tur- bant, quibus dignitas aut salus vix sit, nisi inturbis. Nolo hujus generis plura ad te, quem magis volo & suadeo suarum rerum, quam publicarum esse. Vale igitur, & nos ama, & litteris appella, non quia pariare semper possem (occu- patiunculæ vetant) semper tamen velim: quod satis sit animo justo. Lovanii, postrid. Kal. Octobr. 13. 13. xcvi. Sunt illic Pollio, Wiltzius, Lecmputius omnes mihi noti & amici, quid agunt? quî in nos etiam afficiuntur? nam tempora hæc multum mutant. Scri- be libere. EPISTOLA CXIII. J. LIPSIUS. S. D. Christiano Bruningio. S Ane quam diu siluisti, ut ais, & fateor me non quidem indignatum, sed tamen miratum. Nam ego postremas tuas non dimiseram sine responso. Requiesco tamen, & quidquid multæ aut molestiæ fuit abstergeo, cum te sa- num incolumemque audio, cum etiam in nos artesque bonas affectum, ut optabam. Nam quod ad juris usum te dederis, an displiceat? immo vero mo- ribus hujus ævi non aliter oportuit: & hodie hæc est ad honores, ad opes, lata & prætoria via. Ingredere, non ego retraham, ne sistam quidem: nisi quod fortasse monuero obiter & e latere alpicerè comitantes etiam te (nam quî tam veterem contubernalem sic deserant?) nostras musas. Sed maxime stre- nutares illos, & quæ non Philologiæ proprie, sed Philosophiæ se adscribunt. Mens & mores formandi sunt, mi Bruningi, inter multa lubrica non ætatis hujus tux solum, sed temporum communium: quæ nescio quomodo ad vanitates, luxus, impietates, inclinant. Sed monita omitto. Demeis Pollione & Wilt- zio
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Most famous and most learned. Epistle CXII. J. Lipsius sends greetings. To Christian Bruningius. What you write about yourself is welcome and good, and so may it always be, I pray heaven. My dear Bruningius, this age must be moderated and driven with the rein of reason, to that which honor and usefulness call. But with such a temperament you cannot help but act, and rather yourself take the place from others than be taken from it. I rejoice that you are at leisure, but also at rest, as you write; use the one, and enjoy the other, for your own good and delight. But what of Canter? To him Augustine? That was new news to me, and I had thought them men of such arts and writers. Not that we do not also gladly read them, but, of course, only so far as we may. As for Petronius, you judge rightly: it is youth, and vanity, and studies still crude, brought forth into the light. But do you still remain in those things, or do you turn yourself elsewhere, for the sake of learning and living? Though from here I believe edicts keep you back—another, barbarous one, if I may say so (but I may). What are you Batavians doing? What of those farther from us, whom we wished to be joined, and the journey is easy? But these few heads disturb things, by which scarcely dignity or safety can exist, unless in confusion. I do not wish to write more of this kind to you, whom I would rather have and advise to attend to your own affairs than to public ones. Farewell, then, and love us, and write to us, not because I could always answer in kind (little occupations prevent it), yet I would always wish to do so: which is enough for a fair mind. Louvain, the day after the Kalends of October, 13. 13. xcv. There are there Pollio, Wiltzius, Lecmputius, all known and friendly to me; what are they doing? How do they feel toward us also? For these times greatly change things. Write freely. Epistle CXIII. J. Lipsius sends greetings. To Christian Bruningius. Since you have been silent so long, as you say, I confess I was not indeed angered, but I was surprised. For I had not let your last letters go without a reply. Yet I rest, and whatever annoyance or trouble there was I cast off, when I hear that you are sound and safe, and also well disposed toward us and the good arts, as I wished. For as to your applying yourself to the study of law, should I disapprove? Indeed, by the customs of this age it could not be otherwise: and even today this is the broad and praetorian road to honors and wealth. Enter upon it; I will not draw you back, nor even stop you—except that perhaps I shall casually warn you, and from the side, that my companions also may be spared (for how could they desert such an old messmate?), our Muses. But especially those more strenuous ones, and those who claim themselves not properly to Philology but to Philosophy. The mind and morals must be formed, my Bruningius, amid many slippery things, not only of your age, but of the common times: which somehow incline toward vanities, luxuries, and impieties. But I omit advice. About Pollio and Wiltzius from mine...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 197 rio (uterque meus fuit, & nunc est) volupe audire, quæ nuncias: etsi nec aliter unquam sum opinatus. Qui semel & serio, & domi præsertim, me monent, raro ulla res a me alienavit De Cantero, tristia quæ postrema scribis: & tamen fiet per me ad illum aditus, si etiam nunc usui esse posse censes. Alias non temere ad quenquam in iis locis scribam. Caussas nosti. Vale mi Bru- ningi, & noster semper esto. Lovanii. Nonis Octobr. C13. 13. XCVIII. EPISTOLA CXIV. J. LIPS IUS. S. D. F. Meursio. IN ipsa invaletudine mea (quæ insolenter me affligebat) tua inspexi, mi Meursi: quid nisi optimi ingenii & rarioris industriæ item notas? Ego vero utroque pollice faveo, & ut certam studiorum viam, procul ab hodierna ambitione aut æmulatione, pergas hortor. Hoc serio facio, plura etiam nunc imbecillitas vetat, quæ, etsi morbo minuente, manet. Vale mi Meursi, & magno Scaligero (felicem te illo ductore!) salutem dicit. Lovanii, postrid. Nonis Maji. C13. 13. XCVIII. * EPISTOLA CXV. LÆVINUS TORRENTIUS. S. D. Justo Lipsio. Lug unum Bacavorum. Ibros tuos de Constantia nuper a Plantino ad me missos, postquam aliquid Lnactus otii, in manus sumpsi, sine intermissione, atque uno quasi spiritu avidissime perlegi. Est enim in illis ut verborum copia atque elegantia singularis, sic sententiarum gravitas admiranda. Nec credebam sane, mi Lipsi, tantos te in Philosophia fecisse progressus. Juvabat enim Car. Langii, quem loquentem in eis facis, renovata memoria, quæ cum mihi rara ac poene sancta sit, ob eximiam viri illius eruditionem ac veterem vitæ nostræ consuetudinem, tanto equidem vehementius te amo, qui amico nostro summo tuas ipsius in disceptando laudes adscripseris. Perge igitur istiusmodi lucubrationibus nomen tuum magis magisque indies illustrare, aliarumque nationum eloquentiæ luminibus obstruere. Ac si me amas, quoniam tibi, cui nec res desint, & verba etiam supersint, nihil difficile esse video, ne quæso intra humanæ sapientiæ, nimium mehercule vanæ atque incertæ, limites consiste; sed ultra progredere, & quæ divinitus nobis de coelo tradita sunt, qua par est, diligentia ac sollicitudine perquire. Quid enim Stoicorum aut quorumcunque aliarum placita ad Christi doctrinam comparata aliud sunt, quam ostentatio mera ac fallax studium auræ popularis? Platonem fortassis ac Socratem, quicque ætate præcesserunt, quorum unanimi consensu asserta & crudita animarum est immortalitas, possim excipere: verum quid Seneca, quid Epictetus, Bb 3 quibus * Responsonem ad hanc Epistolam vid. in Epistolis Lipsii. Contur. 1. Miscell. xcvii.
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LETTERS OF MEN. 197 I am glad to hear what you report, since he was once both my friend and now is still; though I never thought otherwise. Those who admonish me once and seriously, especially at home, seldom have I been alienated by anything. As for De Cantero, the sad things you write at the end: nevertheless access to him will be arranged through me, if you still think it can be of use. Otherwise I shall not hastily write to anyone in those parts. You know the reasons. Farewell, my Brunings, and ever be ours. Louvain, the Nones of October. 13. XCVIII. EPISTLE CXIV. J. LIPSIUS. S. D. To F. Meursius. In the very midst of my illness, which was unusually afflicting me, I examined yours, my Meursius: what did I find except marks of an excellent mind and likewise of more uncommon industry? Indeed I encourage both with both hands, and I urge you to continue in a sure path of study, far from the ambition or emulation of our day. I do this in earnest; weakness now forbids even more, though it remains, even if lessened by illness. Farewell, my Meursius, and he sends greetings to the great Scaliger (happy are you with that guide!). Louvain, the day after the Nones of May. 13. XCVIII. EPISTLE CXV. LÆVINUS TORRENTIUS. S. D. To Justus Lipsius. Lugunum Batavorum. Your books On Constancy, lately sent to me by Plantin, after I had obtained some leisure, I took up and read through with the greatest eagerness, without interruption and as it were in a single breath. For in them there is not only a singular abundance and elegance of words, but also an admirable gravity of thought. Nor did I indeed believe, my Lipsius, that you had made such great progress in philosophy. For I was pleased by the renewed memory of Car. Langius, whom you make speak in them; memory which is rare and almost sacred to me, because of that distinguished man's learning and our former habit of life together. So much the more do I love you, who have ascribed to our dearest friend your own praises in disputation. Continue therefore, by compositions of this kind, to make your name more and more illustrious day by day, and to outshine the lights of the eloquence of other nations. And if you love me, since I see that for you, to whom neither things nor words are lacking, nothing can be difficult, I beg you, do not remain within the bounds of human wisdom, which, in truth, is too vain and uncertain; but advance beyond them, and diligently and carefully inquire into those things which have been handed down to us divinely from heaven, as is fitting. For what are the doctrines of the Stoics or of any others, when compared with the teaching of Christ, except sheer display and a deceptive pursuit of popular favor? Perhaps I could except Plato and Socrates, and whatever they anticipated in age, whose immortal souls were affirmed and learned in unanimous agreement; but what of Seneca, what of Epictetus, Bb 3 by whom
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198 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. quibus te inhærere video, nobis ad salutem conferent? quippe qui neque post mortem nostri aliquid superesse credunt, & ubi collibuerit ex hac vita egredi, ac sui ipsius homicidam fieri, libere permittunt. Quo recepto errore virtutum vitiorumque discrimen, imo & nomina ipsa tolli necesse est, ac confundi o- mnem de moribus quæstionem, quæ cum ad animum, quo sapimus atque in- telligimus, atque adeo homines sumus, spectet, cur hic quæso velut vitæ no- stræ dux quidam atque arbiter constitutus, per arduam illam atque difficilem viam incedet? eamque alteri præferet? quæ per tot illecebras ducit ad volu- ptatem, qua poene rapitur ipsa natura, si nullum aliud sibi propositum esse laboris præmium videat, quam quod inquit ille; Ut pueris placeat & decla- matio fiat. Nam ad opinionem ac famam, ac qualemcunque nominis diu- tumitatem quid attinet? Est illud quidem aliquid, sed cur eo vel tantillum mo- vestur, qui una cum corpore in æternum sit periturus! Aut igitur qui simpli- cior est, ut major pars mortalium, genio obsequens suo totum se voluptati dabit, atque in diem vivet, aut qui cautior & severior fuerit, aliud aget quam singat: bis peccans, quia peccando etiam fallit, occulte injustus, palam alius, ut vel famæ consulat, vel legum poenas evitet. Quæstus enim uberrimus simu- lata justitia est, ut adversus Socratem laudator ille injustitiæ Glauco in Platonis dialogos probare conatus est. Neque negaverit credo verbis, quod re ipsa ostendit Seneca, quem constat quater millies H S. sub illo pallio possedisse; nescio tamen an Epicteto olim servoditior, si divitiæ in solo usufructu consi- stant. Liberalis certe esse non potuit, qui tantam auri vim discipulo, a quo decisus fuit, reliquerit, rectius Demetrio suo atque aliis ejus symmystis do- naturus. Taceo toties reprehensas ab eo discincti Mæcenatis plumas atque de- licias: qui vir tamen ut nihil aliud unquam præstiterit, auctor ipsi Augusto Cælari pietatis atque clementiæ, multo plus quam philosophus noster reipubl. profuit; ausus etiam carnificem eum appellare, cum rerum criminalium cognitio- ni damnandisque reis intentiorem cerneret. At Stoicus iste Neronis sui sævi- tiam, quæ præceptorem latere vel in puero non potuit, nimium adulando auxit, ne dicam etiam excitavit. Quare Epicurum in hortulis suis id, quod sentit, aperte profitentem audire malim, quam rigidos istos ac severos de virtute tam præclare disputantes, cum virtutis usum nullum teneant, & post- quam nescio quibus verborum coloribus ac pigmentis hominem docuerint suis tantum viribus niti, nec quicquam extra se quærere, quavis eum pecude mi- seriorem efficiunt. Quippe qui tot perfunctus pro virtute laboribus, sive hoc pro- spere, sive aliter ei cesserit, tandem æquali cum cæteris animantibus Sorte infeli- cissimus moriatur. Scio equidem te hunc detestabilem errorem una mecum exde- crari, neque in libris, de quibus agimus, aliud proposuisse, quam ut de Constantia, his temporibus plurimum desiderata, humano more sub alterius, nihil ultra inqui- rentis persona, disputares. Sed quanto præstantius utiliusque, mi Lipsi, ea ipsa de re- scribere potuisses, si ad Christi primum præcepta, deinde ad eorum, qui Christum secuti sunt, exempla te convertisses: atque hæc omnia oratione, qua polles, illu- strasses
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198 MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. How, I ask, will those things to which I see you attached contribute to our salvation? For they believe that nothing of ours survives after death, and, whenever one feels inclined to depart from this life and to become the murderer of oneself, they freely allow it. Once this error is accepted, the distinction between virtues and vices must necessarily be abolished, indeed the very names themselves, and every inquiry concerning morals must be confounded; since this inquiry concerns the soul, by which we are wise and understand, and by which we are therefore human beings, why, I ask, should this soul be established here as a kind of guide and arbiter of our life, and proceed along that steep and difficult path? Why should it prefer that path to another, which leads through so many enticements to pleasure, toward which nature itself is almost carried away, if it sees no other reward for its labor than that which the other says: “That it may please boys, and so that a declamation may be made.” For what concern is there in reputation, fame, or any lasting renown of one’s name? Certainly it is something, but why should the one who is destined to perish forever together with his body be moved by it, even in the slightest degree? Therefore either the more simple man, as the greater part of mortals are, obeying his own inclination, will give himself wholly to pleasure and live from day to day; or the more cautious and severe man will do something other than he pretends: sinning twice, because by sinning he also deceives, secretly unjust, openly another man, either to satisfy his reputation or to escape the penalties of the laws. For simulated justice is the most profitable gain, as that admirer of injustice, Glaucon, in Plato’s dialogues, attempted to prove against Socrates. Nor, I believe, would Seneca deny in words what he has shown in fact, who is known to have possessed four million sesterces under that cloak; though I do not know whether he was once richer than Epictetus, as a slave, if riches consist only in usufruct. Certainly he could not have been generous, who left such a mass of gold to the disciple by whom he was stripped, when he should rather have bestowed it on his Demetrius and the others of his fellowship. I say nothing of the repeatedly criticized feathers and luxuries of the undressed Maecenas: a man who, if he accomplished nothing else, was nevertheless, as adviser to Augustus Caesar himself, of piety and clemency, far more useful to the commonwealth than our philosopher; he even dared to call him an executioner, when he saw him intent upon the investigation of criminal affairs and the condemnation of guilty men. But this Stoic, by excessive flattery, increased the savagery of his Nero, which could not have escaped the teacher even in the boy; I do not say, indeed, that he even stirred it up. Wherefore I would rather hear Epicurus in his little gardens openly professing what he thinks, than these rigid and severe men discoursing so splendidly about virtue, while holding no use of virtue at all, and, after having taught a man by I know not what verbal coloring and pigments to rely on his own powers alone and to seek nothing outside himself, make him more miserable than any beast whatsoever. For he, after enduring so many labors for virtue, whether things have turned out well for him or otherwise, finally dies most unhappy, with the same lot as the rest of living creatures. I know indeed that you abhor this detestable error together with me, and that in the books of which we are speaking you proposed nothing else than to discuss Constancy, so much desired in these times, in a human manner, under the person of another man who inquires no further. But how much more excellent and useful, my Lipsius, you could have written on that very subject, if you had turned yourself first to the precepts of Christ, then to the examples of those who followed Christ: and had illustrated all these things with that style in which you excel.
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 199 strasses; veterum etiam quorundam, quilibet Christiani non fuerint, rationem tamen secuti sunt, dictis factisque eadem confirmasses. Nam meo sane judicio in antiquos philosophos illos, ut neque sapientia neque virtus, sic nec vera constantia cadit: quanquam enim alii aliis longius, simul tamen aberrarunt omnes. At errori honestum nomen imponere non possumus, ut neque virtutem dice- re, unde nulla homini salus aut beatitudo existat. Causa autem erroris, quod verum vitæ finem non solum non tenuerint, sed penitus ignorarint, quem nos in Dei agnitione atque in fruenda æternitate ponimus. Hæc enim linea est, hæc meta quo tendimus, ad hoc nati sumus, ad hoc, nisi nos quoque abetraverimus, morituri, ut per mortem vivamus in æternum. De quo qui dubitat, hunc ne hominis quidem appellatione dignum esse censemus. Et plurimis quidem aliis in rebus pertinaces atque obstinati esse possumus, in eo vero, quod jam diximus, tenendo, certa ac perfecta constantia est: quippe si neque in prosperis, neque in adversis de recto mentis statu nos dejici sinamus, in illis feroces nimis & elati, in his humiles atque demissi, ita ut nec temperantiam, nec fortitudinem teneamus. Ad quod evitandum quid, obsecro, efficacius? quam si Deum hinc interruptæ hujus perseverantiæ vindicem, illine servatæ remuneratorem statuamus? & præmium quidem ecelum ipsum atque immortalitatem, poenam vero perpetuos apud inferos cruciatus? Hanc doctrinam per divinos ante homines inchoatam tandem Deus ipse per Iesum Christum silium suum & perfecit, & nobis omnibus revelavit. Unde &c immensus ob- collatum tam insigne beneficium amor, simul & metus, ne, quem diligimus, quoquo modo offendamus. Sed generosior amor est, qui caritatis vinculo adstrictos ita nos Deo conjungit, ut eo separari nequeamus, animo semper in utrumque parato, sive bona, sive mala eveniant, vel illis frui, vel hæc tolerare. Nempe cum persuasissimus, etiam mala, quæ dicuntur, converti in bona, si æquabiliter nos getamus; immo ne videri quidem esse mala, quod fomenta sint excendæ virtuti. In hoc veluti puncto consistit veritas, atque adeo omnis vitæ nostræ actio huc referenda. Itaque alter tibi superest labor, ut quod humano abs te more, quanquam elegantissime, attamen profane (dicam enim libere) jam scriptum est, addito alio volumine paulo religiosius pertractetur. Hoc tenta, mi Lipsi, & succedet. Quamvis enim ita disertus es, ut nemo magis, ipsa materia te faciet disertiorem. Atque aderit Deus augens istam tuam constantiam, ne novis hujus seculi erroribus involvaris. Hæc precor, hæc opto: Tuum erit, me tuæ faventem gloriæ & saluti pari studio ac benevolentia complecti. Beaveris etiam me, si quod suis literis nuper de te Plantinus scripsit, peculiari epistola confirmes. Sed & de lano Douzasi quid simile forte intellexero, gandebo plurimum. Atque ea incident tempora, quibus vos nostræ amicitiæ non poenitebit. Idem opto de cæteris vestris literatis, quorum tu familiam ducis. Vale. Leodio Nonis Aprilis A. Cl. D. LXXXIV. Ex literis judices me hæc & celerius & fortassis etiam neglectius scripsisse. Sed ignosces perpetuis nostris in republica occupationibus, quod futurum æquitas spondet. E. P. L.
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LETTERS OF MEN. 199 …you would have followed the course of certain of the ancients also, though they were not Christians; yet if you had followed their reasoning, you would have confirmed the same things by word and deed. For in my judgment, with regard to those ancient philosophers, neither wisdom nor virtue, nor true constancy, can be attributed to them: for although some wandered farther than others, still all wandered alike from the right path. But we cannot give the name of honorable to error, any more than we can call virtue that from which no salvation or blessedness for man can arise. Now the cause of their error was that they not only did not hold fast the true end of life, but were utterly ignorant of it; whereas we place it in the knowledge of God and in the enjoyment of eternity. For this is the line, this the goal toward which we strive; for this we were born; for this, unless we too shall have wandered away, we are to die, that through death we may live forever. Whoever doubts this, we judge unworthy even of the name of man. And indeed in many other matters we may be stubborn and obstinate; but in holding fast to what we have now said, there is sure and perfect constancy: namely, if we do not allow ourselves to be cast down from the right state of mind either in prosperity or in adversity, so that in the former we become too fierce and exalted, and in the latter too humble and dejected, until we hold neither temperance nor fortitude. And what, I ask, is more effective to avoid this than if we set before us God as the avenger of this interrupted steadfastness, and as the rewarder of its preservation? And the reward indeed is heaven itself and immortality, but the punishment everlasting torments among the lower regions? This doctrine, begun by the divine men of old, God Himself at last perfected through Jesus Christ His Son, and revealed to us all. Hence arises an immense love for so great a benefit bestowed, and at the same time fear, lest we offend in any way the One whom we love. But more noble is that love which binds us to God by the bond of charity, so that we cannot be separated from Him, with the mind always ready for either outcome, whether good or evil befall, either to enjoy the former or to endure the latter. For we are most firmly persuaded that even the so-called evils are turned into goods if we behave equably; nay, that they do not even seem to be evils, since they are incentives to virtue that is being raised up. In this as it were point the truth consists, and indeed the whole action of our life must be referred to it. Thus another labor remains for you: that what has already been written by you in a human manner, though most elegantly, yet profanely—I say this frankly—may be treated somewhat more religiously in another volume added to it. Try this, my Lipsius, and it will succeed. For although you are so eloquent that no one is more so, the subject itself will make you even more eloquent. And God will be present, increasing that steadfastness of yours, lest you be entangled in the new errors of this age. This I pray, this I desire: yours it will be to embrace me, favoring your glory and welfare, with equal zeal and goodwill. You will also oblige me if you confirm by a special letter what Plantin recently wrote about you in his letter. And if I should likewise learn anything similar about Jan Douza, I shall rejoice greatly. And times will come when you will not regret our friendship. I desire the same of the rest of your learned friends, whose household you lead. Farewell. Liège, the Nones of April A.D. 1584. From the letter you will judge that I have written this both more quickly and perhaps also more carelessly. But you will pardon this, because our continual occupations in public affairs promise that this will be so. E.P.L.
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CXVI. JANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. Ioh. Kirchmanno. Argentinam. Quid ni enim hic redhostiam? etsi tu tamen nimis hic largus, ne dicam prodigus, ita ea mihi tribuis in solidum, quorum umbram in me non agnosco. Verum utut est, amo atque osculor hunc affectum, qui tam splendido stylo tuo ingessit præconia. Ergo amaris & diligeris mihi & Tona- gli nomine, cujus memoria mihi etiamnum sanctissima, & tuo, quem Musa ac Pallas prosequuntur, & quicquid ego tibi tuisve studiis possum, impera tantum, atque impetras: hactenus enim vires nostræ valent. Nam hoc lustrali morbo, hoc luctu, hac viduitate exaruimus non modo e rebus musicis, sed etiam literatis, satisfque est tucri posse famam digitalem, quam adepti adolescentiores. Propositum tuum de Funeribus non possum non laudare: nam licet tale quid habere se in manibus enuntiarit Lipsius, vereor ne ipse prius fiat funus, quam illa ejus funera videamus; ita semper novas orditur telas & veteres relinquit imperfectas. Perculisti me nihilominus omine malo nominis: nam & ego minus firme valeo, & filia major ægrotat hos aliquot dies e febri. Verum Deus malum omne averruncassit, & det nobis, quæ salutifera novit. Ego si te hic juvare aliqua in re possum, fac sciam, excutiam locos nostros, quanquam, ne quid mentiar, nos parum exercitati in auctoribus ævi inferioris. Jam nunc toti feriamur, nisi quod ante mensem auspicatus est typographus opus illud magnum Inscriptionum antiquarum imperii Romani, quo complectimur, quicquid honoris accidit, sive vivis, sive defunctis. Scaliger Smetianis ac Lipsianis aliquot Epigrammatum millia adjecit; longe plura ego adminiculantibus certatim omnibus doctis ac magnis, qui in Europa; spero prodire posse nundinis Autumnalibus, dummodo firmetur nobis valetudo. Absolvimus etiam hisce diebus commentarium mere politicum (cui scilicet nihil admiscuimus rei criticæ) ad Gnosandri Strategicum; multis erit ad gustum, multis non. Sed quis eis est cervicibus, ut omnibus placere possit? præsertim exul, præsertim hoc familiari statu desolatus, præsertim cum benigniori Principum non sublevetur aura, & quasi regulus aliquis aquilæ tergo feratur in altum æthera supra nubes omnes. Deprimunt scilicet multa animos meos. Sed & illa ferenda, ut aliis omnibus, ita & mihi, qui sane non inter eximios. Domino Christophoro Colero plurimam meo nomine salutem impertias velim, significesque optare atque vovere studiis ejus successum plenarium. Literis ejus dudum est quod respondi via, quam præscripserat. Vale atque salve mi Kirchmanne, & uti meus voceris, ita tuus faciam ut semper sim. Heydelbergæ, die x. Martii 16. 16. raptim meo more, quod jam in naturam abiit, quare ei ignoscas oportet: nam epistolam relegere ncfas puto, nedum describere. EPI-
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Very clear and very learned. Letter CXVI. Janus Gruterus, sends greetings. To Johann Kirchmann. At Strasbourg. Why indeed should I not here return the favor? Though you are here perhaps too generous, let me not say prodigal, in that you ascribe to me in full what I do not recognize even as a shadow in myself. But be that as it may, I love and kiss this affection of yours, which has introduced such praises in your splendid style. Therefore I am loved and esteemed by you in the name of Tonagli, whose memory is even now most sacred to me, and by yours, whom the Muses and Pallas attend, and whatever I can do for you or your studies, only command it, and you obtain it: for thus far our strength is sufficient. For with this pestilential disease, this grief, this widowhood, we have dried up not only from musical matters but even from literary ones; and it is enough if we can safeguard the slender reputation acquired by younger men. I cannot but praise your plan about Funerals: for although Lipsius has announced that he has something of the sort in hand, I fear he himself will become a funeral before we see those funerals of his; he is always beginning new webs and leaving the old unfinished. You have nevertheless struck me with an ill omen of the name: for I too am less firmly well, and my elder daughter has been ill these past few days from fever. But may God avert every evil, and grant us what He knows to be healthful. If I can help you here in any matter, let me know; I shall search our sources, though, not to lie, we are little practiced in the authors of the lower age. Just now we are wholly occupied, except that a month ago the printer began that great work of the Inscriptions of the ancient Roman Empire, in which we include whatever honor has occurred, whether to the living or to the dead. Scaliger has added several thousand epigrams from Smetius and Lipsius; far more have I, with the eager assistance of all the learned and great men in Europe; I hope it may appear at the Autumn fairs, provided our health is strengthened. These days also we have completed a commentary that is purely political—into which, of course, we inserted nothing of a critical kind—on Gnosander’s Strategic. It will suit many, not many others. But who has such a neck as to be able to please everyone? especially an exile, especially one left desolate in this domestic condition, especially when he is not supported by a more favorable breeze from princes, and is as if some little king were carried on the eagle’s back into the lofty heavens above all the clouds. Many things, to be sure, weigh down my spirit. But these too must be borne, as all other things are, by me as well, who am certainly not among the outstanding. I should like you to convey very many greetings from me to Master Christophorus Colerus, and to inform him that I desire and pray for full success for his studies. I replied long ago to his letters by the route which he had prescribed. Farewell and be well, my Kirchmann, and just as you call me yours, so shall I see to it that I am always yours. Heidelberg, 10 March 1616, in haste, as is my custom, which has now become second nature, and for this you must pardon me: for I think it wrong to reread a letter, much less to copy it. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 201 EPISTOLA CXVII. JANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. Ioh. Kirchmanno. Argentinam, Iteras tuas Kal. datas Aprilibus serius omnino accepi, & per tertium ali- quem, non amicum illum tuum, qui si me coram adüsset, magno me affecisset beneficio, utpote quem de his illis rebus eram interrogaturus. Tuæ mihi gratæ, vel ob id quod laudi apponant meæ, quod non fecisse summum fuisset scelus. Uberius eis responderem, nisi lator harum, vir mearum artium unus e Patritiis, inopinato abiret, & jam aliis distraherer. Sic tamen breviter habe. Funesta illa tua nihil nisi cineres erunt, nisi accedant illis & multa & magna, quæ in opere nostro inscriptionum; cujus potissima pars ritum illum complectitur; illa omnia excerpere non est unius horæ, imo ne mensis. Quin tibi, si res tuæ ferrent, suaderem, inviseres nos, & in repræsenti ex voluminibus illis vastis seligeres, quæ proposito convenire putares: nam ut tramittam, elephanto opus fuerat; ita sunt ponderosa: & alioqui quotidie ex Italia, Græcia, Gallia superveniunt inscriptiones novæ, quas suis locis inserere soleo. Quippe quod jam pars earum circa prælum. De fulguribus memini me quædam in opinionibus: sed chartæ meæ ita dispersæ sunt, uti eas invenire de subito nequeam. Venit nunc tantum in mentem loci Acronis ad Horatii poët. Bidental locus, in quo fulmen conditum erat, cum magna reverentia a sacerdotibus, & bidental a bidentibus dictum: nam reliquias fulminis pontifices cum sacrificio sepeliebant; item versuum Lucani lib. 1. num. 607. Arvis dispersos fulminis ignes, Colligit & terra moesto cum murmure condit, Datque locis nomen. Si hic esses instruerem certe te libris pluribus, annotatisque, quæ materiæ illi funestæ facerent; quæ nunc an tibi ad manum, nec ne divinare non possum. Supra genua tollere, non est illud quod vult Fruterius, nec tamen nunc occurrit melius quid. Ossa lecta defunctis jam crematis, innumera clamant. April. 3. Florid. legenda ejus esse nunc ossa, mox carmina. Martialis alibi ambiguo sensu. Tempus erat jam te Sosibiane legi. Apulej. lib. 7. cap. 5. Infelicissima famina, nondum extulisti filium, & jam ossa legisti, quod Senecæ illi genuinum: addatur his Seneca lib. 2. cap. 33. de ira. item ad Helviam matrem, nescio quo capite. De quo tres nepotes emiseras, ossa trium nepotum suscepisti. Pater Seneca lib. 10. contr. 1. legunt argumenta patres, & ossa liberorum conjectura dividunt, sic enim ibi legendum, alibi moneo. Lucan. lib. 2. Ceu morte parentem natorum orbatum, &c. Divisio funerum tibi talis facienda est, quæ omnia complectatur, sicque inclusa publicis, indictivis, simplideariis, imaginariis, (de quosic memoriter certe nihil possum) ita dividi possent. Verum hæc te, mi Kirchmanne, latere non possunt, si omnes omnium arculas excussisti. Si vel illa viderem, quæ meditatus es e re nata nonnulla adderera, nonnulla monerem: nam alias jam desi illa studia, & historica gravio- C c
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LETTERS OF MEN. 201 LETTER CXVII. JANUS GRUTERUS, GREETINGS. To Joh. Kirchmann. At Strasbourg, I received your letter, dated the Kalends of April, much later than I should have done, and through a third party, not that friend of yours; if he had come to me in person, he would have done me a great service, since I was going to question him about those matters. Your letter is welcome to me, if only for the reason that it adds to my reputation that I did not do that which would have been a most serious crime. I would reply to it more fully, were it not that the bearer of these lines, a man of my profession, one of the patricians, was unexpectedly leaving, and I was already being drawn away by other matters. Still, let me say briefly thus much. That funeral subject of yours will amount to nothing but ashes, unless there be added to it many and important things from our work on inscriptions, the chief part of which embraces that rite; to extract all of those things would require not an hour, indeed not even a month. Nay, if your affairs allowed, I would advise you to visit us, and there, directly from those vast volumes, choose what you thought suited your purpose; for, to pass over the fact that an elephant would have been needed, they are so weighty. Moreover, every day new inscriptions arrive from Italy, Greece, and Gaul, which I am accustomed to insert in their proper places. Indeed, part of them is already at the press. I remember that I had something on thunderbolts among my opinions; but my papers are so scattered that I cannot find them at once. The only thing that now occurs to me is Acron’s note on Horace: a bidental was a place in which a thunderbolt had been buried, held in great reverence by the priests, and called bidental from the victims with two horns; for the pontiffs buried the remains of a thunderbolt with sacrifice. Likewise the lines of Lucan, book 1, line 607: “The fires of the thunderbolt scattered through the fields, the earth gathers them and, with mournful murmur, hides them, and gives the places their name.” If you were here, I would certainly furnish you with several books and notes that would suit that funereal subject; whether you now have them at hand or not, I cannot divine. “To raise above the knees” is not what Fruterius wants, and yet at present nothing better occurs to me. “Bones gathered after the dead have already been burned” cry out loudly, innumerable. April 3. Floridus says that what is to be read there now is “bones,” and soon “poems.” Martial elsewhere uses the phrase in an ambiguous sense: “It was now time for you, Sosibianus, to be read.” Apuleius, book 7, chapter 5: “Most unhappy woman, you have not yet carried out your son, and already you have gathered his bones,” which is genuine in Seneca. Add to these Seneca, book 2, chapter 33, On Anger; and also to Helvia the Mother, I know not in what chapter: “Of whom you had sent forth three grandsons, you received the bones of three grandsons.” Father Seneca, book 10, Controversies 1: “Fathers read the arguments, and divide the bones of their children by conjecture”; for thus it should be read there, as I note elsewhere. Lucan, book 2: “As though a father bereaved by the death of his children,” etc. The division of funerals must be made by you in such a way as to include everything, and thus the included categories—public, appointed-days, single-day, imaginal, about which, as I remember from memory, I can certainly say nothing—could be divided in this way. But these matters, my dear Kirchmann, cannot be hidden from you, if you have searched through all men’s little boxes. If I could even see what you have meditated on, I would add some things as the matter requires and would note some things: for otherwise those studies are now already abandoned, and historical...
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202 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. gravioris generis meditor. Perpetuo Amico meo Christophoro Colero, si adhuc apud vos, plurima salute mea honestes velim, huncque meum Huswedelium tantum non civem tuum, si non sua causa, at mea, ames. Extemplo Heydelbergæ die VIII. Maji 13. IX. EPISTOLA CXVIII. IANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Argentinam, Quas dedisti ad me ipsis Kal. Iunii, iis vix nunc rescribo, ipso illo præcipite in occasum. Facit tabellariorum occasio rarior, certe quæ occurat in oculos vel aures. Facilitatem meam laudas, sed ex supervacuo: facinus enim suerit deesse conatui tam laudabili. Utinam modo adesses! & in re præsenti experireris verba, quæ scribo provenire e radice cordis. placuit: sed scis pluscula minuta latere posse, veluti folia, sub istis arbusculis. Itaque vix est, ut tibi dicam, quid desiderem in eo, quid non; hoc tantum memini; prodiisse Gallice librum tituli paris, editum Lugduni factumque a Guicciardo Jurisconsulto, in quo, si bene recordor, omnia illa membra, quæ in tuis. Verum ipse nude tantum & tribus verbis, absque testibus auctorum prolatis, sua proponebat. Librum illum inspexisse vellem te; ne homines, nescio qui, dicant vel te actum agere, vel plagium incurrere. Ibi etiam agebat de loco Festi, & tibia funebri; de qua plura scripsisse videtur in suis miscellaneis Hieronymus Magius lib. 1. cap. XII. qui jam non est ad manum: Francfurti scilicet depositus apud typographos, dum tribus tomis, quicquid est Criticorum junctum excudi cupimus. Illud Ciceronis 11. Orat. de Popilia video capi a plerisque, etiam a Torrentio, tanquam de laudatione funebri; sed quî credamus centum aliquot annis non usas privilegi sui prærogativa mulieres? Aliter laudatas mulieres nihil vetat. Haud memini tamen legere in hac omnium rerum perturbatione. Ita enim & animo & corpore sum incompositus, ut, non dico, quid sciam, quid nesciam, sed ne quidem quid loquar, quid scribam, ipse noverim. Videor cymbula inter fluctuum voragines. A page igitur deinceps consultationem omnem. Si hic adesses, aliqua forte juvaremus. Nunc votis tantum valemus. Saluto Dominum Christophorum Colerum, quem isthic adhuc hærere, & mei quidem memorem nihil vetat, quin mihi persuadeam, quamvis pertinaciter tacentem. Hæc præcipitabam extemplo die 25 Iulii 1606. EPISTOLA CXIX. JANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Argentinam, Ondoles ipse quidem morbo nostro, sed indulgentius forsan, quam par est; ut enim tibi rem fatear, magis est animi quam corporis, etsi item istius,
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202 MOST CLEAR AND MOST LEARNED. I am pondering a matter of a weightier sort. To my perpetual friend Christophorus Colerus, if he is still with you, I would wish that you give him my very many greetings, and that you love this my Huswedelius, almost as your fellow citizen, if not for his own sake, then for mine. At once, at Heidelberg, on the 8th of May 13. IX. EPISTLE CXVIII. JANUS GRUTERUS. GREETING. To Ioannes Kirchmann. Strasbourg, What you gave to me on the very Kalends of June, I am only now replying to, with that very same one hurrying down the slope toward the sunset. The opportunity of couriers occurs more rarely, at least such as comes before one’s eyes or ears. You praise my readiness, but needlessly; for it would be a crime to fail in so commendable an undertaking. Would that you were here! And in the present matter you would see from experience the words I write to proceed from the root of my heart. It pleased me: but you know that a few minor matters may be hidden, as leaves beneath those little trees. So I can scarcely tell you what I desire in it, what not; this only I remember: that a French book of the same title had come out, published at Lyons and written by Guicciardus the jurist, in which, if I recall correctly, all those parts that are in yours. Yet he himself offered his material only briefly and in three words, without adducing the witnesses of authors. I should wish you to have examined that book, lest people, I know not who, say either that you are copying yourself, or that you have fallen into plagiarism. There too he discussed the passage of Festus and the funeral pipe; concerning which Jerome Magius seems to have written more in his Miscellanies, book 1, chapter XII, which is now not at hand: namely, deposited at Frankfurt with the printers, while we wish to have all the Criticorum gathered into three volumes printed. I see that Cicero’s passage in Oration 11, on Popilia, is taken by many, even by Torrentius, as referring to a funeral eulogy; but how can we believe that women, who for some hundreds of years had not used the prerogative of their privilege, were concerned? It is not impossible that women were praised otherwise. Yet I do not remember having read it in this confusion of all things. For so disordered am I in mind and body that I do not know, I say not what I know, what I do not know, but not even what I say, what I write. I seem like a little boat amid the whirlpools of the waves. Therefore, from now on, I resign all consultation. If you were here, perhaps we might help in some measure. As it is, we have only our prayers. I greet Master Christophorus Colerus, whom nothing forbids me to believe is still lingering there, and mindful of me indeed, though stubbornly silent. I was hurrying off this letter at once on the 25th of July 1606. EPISTLE CXIX. JANUS GRUTERUS. GREETING. To Ioannes Kirchmann. Strasbourg, You yourself, indeed, are stricken by our illness, but perhaps more gently than is fitting; for to confess the matter to you, it is more a trouble of the mind than of the body, though also of the body, as well,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 203 istius, pro ea, quæ est utriusque, sympathia, haud ideo tamen aut protol- llerentur aut tollerentur quæ promisi, utpote quibus pridem ultima accellit manus, nisi fluxiore esset fide typographus noster, morboque illo nostro ab- uteretur ad nescio quas suas causationes. Alia illa tua præter sciagraphicam non dubito quin mihi approbares; nec ambigo etiam, quin etiam iis aliquid addere possem de meo, quo illud opus prodiret aut plenius aut illustrius. Itaque si res tuæ tulerint, fac quod polliceris, & excurre ad nos; invenies plures ad tuum gustum, ita quidem, ut me vix inter extremos jure reposueris abiens. Gui- ciardi funus excusum est Lugduni, reperieturque nullo non Galliæ angulo: Ma- gii Miscellanea rariora inventu, utpote excusa solum, quod sciam, in Italia. Si tamen ad nos veneris, faciam utriusque auctoris tibi copiam: extant enim in Bibliotheca Commelini, cujus claves in mea utcunque potestate. Apo- logeticum Rittershusii non vidi, nisi quatenus scripto quædam communicavit ante sex menses, editi nihil accepi. Arbitror tamen non admodum discre- pare ab primitivo, quod dixi. Chytræum obiisse vero verius est, die nem- pe Iunii xxv. ita & filius natu major, & gener literis suis ad me, nec non Praschius. Multum amisit vestra ora, jacturamque postuma ostendet dies. Ego profecto ejus raptu privor amico incomparabili. Dum ibidem agerem ex- pertus sum mei amantissimum, nec mutavit affectum erga absentem; auxit potius, quod vel inde colligas, quod me dignatus in supremis suis legato ho- norabili, quo memoriam ipsius porro servarem tartam tectam: etsi eo nihil opus fuerat; meo quidem ingenio prorsus, Trajicit & fati littora magnus amor. De Isaaco Mennio velim per occasionem signifies, an adhuc agat Lubecæ, an uxorem duxerit, & quid gerat rerum. Iam enim triennium est, quod nihil de eo inaudierim, cuperem vero sæpius, tanquam a juvene spei non vulgaris, & quem patris causa amarem, licet nihil esset a se incentivi. Henrici Molleri salutes meis remuneror ex animo profectis. His vale mi Kirchmanne. Hey- delbergæ, extemplo uti solco, die XIII. Augusti 15. IX. EPISTOLA CXX. JANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Rostochium, Quam eo libentius tibi largior, quod ex orco te habeam quasi reducem. Iam enim heic toto semestri fama fuit, fuisse Kirchmannum. O bel- lum tamen mortuum! officia literaria obire ero deinceps paratissimus; si ha- ctenus cessatum fuit, imputabis operi molestissimo inscriptionum antiquarum; quod nisi adhibueris funeri tuo, brevi & ipsum erit funus; sed id jam ante monui, nec dubito, quin etiam præstiteris. Ingenio tuo faveo; uberiúsque tecum agere liberet, nisi tabellarius noster has tuas bene sero traderet, mina- returque prima aurora abitum. Itaque contentum teneto te jejunis istis ver- siculis C 2
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LETTERS OF MEN. 203 of that matter, because of the sympathy between us both; yet for that reason the things I promised were not therefore to be delayed or put off, since they had long since received their final polish, unless our printer were more lax in his faith and were abusing that ailment of ours for some, I know not what, excuses of his own. That other matter of yours, apart from the sketch, I do not doubt you would approve for me; nor do I hesitate to believe that I could add something of my own to it, so that the work might come forth either fuller or more distinguished. Therefore, if your affairs permit, do as you promise and come over to us; you will find more books to your taste, indeed so many that on leaving you could hardly justly place me among the last. Guicciardini’s funeral oration has been printed at Lyons, and will be found in no corner of France; Magius’s Miscellanea are rarer to find, since, as far as I know, they were printed only in Italy. If, however, you come to us, I shall make both authors available to you: for they are in the Bibliotheca Commelini, the keys to which are, in some measure, at my disposal. I have not seen Rittershausius’s Apologeticum , except insofar as he communicated certain things in writing six months ago; I have received nothing printed. Yet I think it does not differ much from the original, as I said. But it is more likely that Chytræus has died, namely on June 25; his eldest son and his son-in-law wrote to me, and Praschius also. Your region has suffered a great loss, and time will show the damage in the aftermath. For my part, I am deprived by his sudden death of an incomparable friend. While I was there I experienced how much he loved me, and his affection toward me in my absence did not change; rather, it increased, as you may gather even from this, that in his last moments he deemed me worthy of an honorable legation, so that I might continue to preserve his memory faithfully and with due reverence: though he had no need of that; for in my own judgment, Great love crosses the shores of fate. Concerning Isaac Mennius, I should like you, at some opportunity, to let me know whether he is still active at Lübeck, whether he has taken a wife, and what he is doing. For it is now three years since I have heard anything about him, though I should much like to hear more often, as from a young man of no common promise, and one whom I should love for his father’s sake, though there were no other inducement of his own. I return in full measure my greetings to Henricus Moller, sent from my heart. Farewell, my Kirchmann. Heidelberg, as I am accustomed, on the 13th day of August, 15. IX. EPISTLE CXX. JANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. To Ioannes Kirchmann. Rostock, I am the more gladly liberal with this to you, because I have you back, as it were, from the underworld. For now during the whole half-year there has been a report here that Kirchmann was dead. O dead man indeed! I shall henceforth be most ready to perform literary services; if up to now there has been delay, you will impute it to the most troublesome task of ancient inscriptions; unless you apply yourself to your own funeral, even that too will soon be a funeral; but I warned you of that before, nor do I doubt that you have done so. I am well disposed toward your talent; and I should be more willing to deal more fully with you, if our messenger were not delivering these notes of yours so late, and threatening to depart at first light. Therefore keep yourself content with those lean little verses C 2
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204 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. sicutis; qualibus tamen magnos Principes sinimus esse expertes, qui ambiunt, sed frustra. Musa enim mea est alia ab eis, quæ omnibus vigilant; Ego tantum dormio omnibus, vigilo solum benevolentibus meis, quorum numero te censeo tuo merito. Fac tantum brevi videamus opus integrum. De me cur quæris? post inscriptiones poteramus & debebamus etiam interjungere integrum annum; sed non ut sol perpetuo in motu, sic ego etiam. Itaque his nundinis damus Senecam Tragædum cum notis nostris; item P. Syri mimos aliquot versuum centuriis auctiores comptioresque. Autumno autem destinavimus dissertatiuncularum ad Tacitum centuriam integram, qua Italis omnibus gratum opus præstare me posse spes est; sed quid ego Paratragædior. Accipe potius ineptum tuum carmen. Cum tibi pompa sepulchralis Kirchmanne decenter A capite ad calcem sit celebrata libro, Quem Musa lustrare oculis, quem Gratia posset. Nec Genius fugiat parte fovere sinus. Haud trutina Libitina tuum pensaverit aqua Officium, ipsa tibi ni velit esse cliens. Et sic te chartasque tuas defendere contra Morborumque do[m]ios, mortiferumque nefas. Ut quoque cum tenuem fueris mutatus in umbram Usque tuis chartis vita sit, usque tibi. I nunc & nega me poëtam, qui tam putida ausim allinere papyro. Verum istud malui quam nihil, ne putares contemni a me amicos tenuiores, quos majoris sane facio, quam titulatos illos omnes, & qui sibi omnia arrogant. Vale & salve. Diexiv. Martii 1604 plus quam raptim. EPISTOLA CXXI. JANUS GRUTERUS. S.D. Ioh. Kirchmanni Lubecam. Lubens manum tuam aspexi, sed invitus orationes. Gaudebam tanto intervallo agnoscere te non modo memorem mei, sed calide amantem. Inde enim factum, ut de musca elephantum faceres, imique subsellii hominem collocares in curuli. Sed bene, quod inveniantur, qui non honeste sic tecum errent. Jam enim in procinctu est horribilis liber discipuli quondam mei (sed quem nunquam agnovi, aut approbavi, nisi scavi ingenii, scaviorisque indolis) ubi e manuscriptis illis veteribus Plauti, quibus usus est Camerarius, probabit (meris procul dubio demonstrationibus) Plautum Taubmanni nostri a capite ad calcem suffarcinatum esse centonum meorum mangoniis. Itaque vides in eo rem esse, ut tu tunc tueatis tuam sententiam, sed nec Taubmanni famam postumam deseras. Iamque nunc istud tibi denuncio, uti auxilia vestra subsidiaria mihi in promptu sint, ubi contigerit opem implorare. Expectato ergo verum Plautum Parei, si non proximus, at Autumnalibus nundi- nis,
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204. MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. like those things; yet such as we allow great princes to be without, though they seek them, but in vain. For my Muse is different from those that keep watch over everything; I alone sleep over everything, I keep watch only for my well-wishers, among whose number I count you by your merit. Only see to it that we may soon have the complete work. Why do you ask about me? After the inscriptions we might and indeed ought also to have inserted a whole year; but not as the sun is perpetually in motion, so am I too. Therefore at these fairs we publish Seneca the Tragic Poet with our notes; likewise several mimes of P. Syrus, increased by some hundreds of verses and made more polished. In autumn however we have planned a whole hundred little dissertations on Tacitus, with which I hope to present a work pleasing to all Italians; but why am I going on as a Paratragedian? Take rather your own foolish little poem. When your funeral procession, Kirchmann, has been fittingly celebrated from head to foot in a book, which the Muse could survey with her eyes, which Grace could behold. Nor would Genius flee, but cherish you in some part of her bosom. Libitina herself would not have weighed your office in the scale, unless she wished to be your client. And thus to defend both you and your papers against diseases and the deadly crime. So that also, when you shall have been changed into a slender shade, life may still exist in your papers, and still in you. Go now and deny that I am a poet, since I dare to smear such vile stuff on paper. Yet I preferred that to nothing, lest you should think that I despise my humbler friends, whom I certainly value more than all those titled men, and those who arrogate everything to themselves. Farewell and greet well. March 14, 1604, more than hastily. EPISTLE CXXI. JANUS GRUTERUS, GREETING. To Joh. Kirchmann. Lübeck. I gladly looked upon your hand, but unwillingly upon your speeches. I rejoiced to recognize, after so long an interval, that you not only remembered me, but loved me warmly. Hence it came about that you made an elephant out of a fly, and seated a man of the lowest bench in a curule chair. But it is well that there are found those who do not shamefully err with you in this matter. For now there is already in readiness the terrible book of my former pupil—though one whom I never acknowledged or approved, except for his sharp wit, and sharper disposition—in which he will prove, from those old manuscripts of Plautus used by Camerarius, that Plautus of our Taubmann has been stuffed from head to foot with the patchwork of my own literary scavenging; and that, no doubt, by sheer demonstrations. So you see what the matter comes to: then you must defend your own opinion, and yet not abandon Taubmann’s posthumous reputation. And now I give you notice of this, so that your auxiliary supports may be ready to hand for me whenever I shall have occasion to implore help. So then wait for the true Plautus of Pareus, if not at the next, then at the Autumn fairs,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 205 nis, & videto quantum distent æra ejus meis lupinis. I nunc, & Philologorum hujus ævi Principem me indigita: nisi item præstas, probe vapulabo, verum de eo viderit stultorum magister eventus. Multa enim cadunt inter calicem supremaque labra. De morte Bordingi invitus intelligo. Amisi quippe in eo amicum non e multis. Auspicium nostræ amicitiæ fuerat anno 1584 in convivio Brunæi. Exinde nullas neglexit occasiones exercendi amoris sui stricturas. Bene functo, quod solum defuerat, tu supplesti; perpetua dignum vita reddidisti vere immortalem. Laudo exosculorque illam naturæ tua boni- tatem; votaque facio ad Deum Opt. Max. diu diuque vivas cum tuis, mente sanus in corpore sano. Quod & mihi quoque opto, maneoque virtutis tuæ doctrinæque fautor præcoque J. Gruterus. Heydelbergæ xiii Ianuarii 1618. Ante xxxv. annos vivebat apud vos apothecarius quidem manu, sed mente Charitum Musarumque mysta Joachimus Tegnagel. Obiit jam procul dubio, sed in quos incidit bibliotheca ejus? observator erat singularis Caselii nostri, collegeratque lucubratiunculas ipsius curiose nimis, quas vereor ne unquam videamus publice, nisi inde depromantur, & merebantur præ mille aliis alio- rum nugis aspicere lucem, inquire, quæso, & fave hac quoque in parte reip. literariæ; per occasionem non gravaberis spero salutationes meas dirigere Ro- stochium ad DD. Lubinum, Posselium, Smonium, Huswedelium, Gry- phium aliosque animo meo accepissimos, quibus isto anno ut & multis sequen- tibus, fausta omnia animitus precor venerorque. EPISTOLA CXXII. JANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. Ioh. Kirchmanno. Lubeam. Bene est; teneas id porro propositum, meque alatis vocibus nonnunquam invisas. Officio rescribundi nunquam deero, dum ero. Quid virtus mea aut eruditio mereatur, vos videritis, qui per amoris coloratum vitrum utramque contemplamini. Ego abunde satis consecutus mihi videbor, si possum exsors esse convitiorum, non extraneorum, sed discipulorum meo- rum, si modo id non in eos quadrat, qui pependerunt quidem aliquantum ab ore nostro, sed nihil immiserunt in animum. Si enim aselli agunt, ut do- ctiores videantur, quam ego sim, & pro talibus ab omnibus habeantur. Quan- diu hæc manus, hoc cerebrum vigebit, flagelli sono mero talia animalia facile fugabo, indigna sane, ob quæ alia induam arma, verum ubi non fuero, ve- strum erit memoriam meam conservare comiter, sæculo isto tam barbare ru- di, ut nunquam inquirat in editorem alicujus libri, sed sine controversia opti- mum arbitretur censeatque, qui ultimam ei imposuit manum. Examen, cen- sura, statera, lapis lydius jam nusquam sunt. Gratissimum fuit intelligere, non- dum strangulata esse inter plurium manus Caselii monumenta; & næ tu Phi- lologis eximiam navabis operam, si versus ejus, si versiones, si alia omnia Cc 3 pro-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 205 and see how far his copper coins differ from my lupins. Go on then, and call me the Prince of the Philologers of this age: unless you also make good that claim, I shall get a good beating; but the outcome will show who is the fool’s master. For many things fall between the cup and the upper lip. I hear with reluctance of Bording’s death. Indeed, in him I lost a friend not to be found among many. The beginning of our friendship was in the year 1584 at a banquet at Brunæus’s house. Thenceforth he neglected no opportunity of exercising the close bonds of his affection. What had been lacking was the proper end; that you supplied: you restored him to perpetual life and made him truly immortal. I praise and kiss that kindness of your nature; and I pray to God Almighty that you may live long and long with your own, sound in mind and in a sound body. That same I also pray for myself, and I remain the supporter and herald of your learning and virtue, J. Gruterus. Heidelberg, 13 January 1618. Thirty-five years ago there lived among you a pharmacist indeed by hand, but by mind an initiate of the Charites and the Muses, Joachim Tegnagel. He is now doubtless dead, but in whose hands has his library fallen? He was a singular observer of our Caselius, and had carefully collected his little writings, which I fear we shall never see published, unless they are brought forth from there; and they deserved to see the light before a thousand other trifles of others. Inquire, I beg you, and favor the republic of letters in this respect too; by the way you will, I hope, not find it troublesome to convey my greetings to Rostock to the worthy men Lubinus, Posselius, Smonius, Huswedelius, Gryphius, and others most welcome to me, to whom I most sincerely pray and wish all good things this year and in the many years to come. EPISTOLA CXXII. JANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. To Joh. Kirchmann. Lubeam. It is well; hold fast to that intention, and visit me now and then with winged words. I shall never be lacking in the duty of answering, while I live. What my virtue or learning deserves, you yourselves will judge, you who behold both through the tinted glass of affection. I shall think I have sufficiently achieved my aim if I can be free from insults, not from strangers, but from my own pupils—provided that this does not apply to those who have indeed hung somewhat upon our lips, but have put nothing into their minds. For if little asses act as though they are wiser than I am, and are held by all as such. As long as this hand, this brain, shall have vigor, I shall easily drive such creatures away with the sound of the lash—creatures certainly unworthy of my taking up other arms against them; but when I am no more, it will be yours to preserve my memory kindly in this age, so barbarously crude that it never inquires into the publisher of any book, but without dispute judges and deems as the best the one who put the final hand to it. Examination, judgment, balance, the touchstone—these are now nowhere. It was most gratifying to learn that Caselius’s writings have not yet been strangled in the hands of many; and indeed you will perform an outstanding service to philology if his verses, his translations, and all the rest of them Cc 3 pro-
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206 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. produxeris in publicum. Ea propter sane plurimum tibi debebimus omnes. Sed heus! adhucne vivit Tengnaglii uxor? oportet sit annorum LXXX, nam cum eam duceret; jam perierat ei flos ætatis; sed & filius iste natusne est ex Tegnatio? habebat ipsa privignum scio! utut est & hunc & illam pluribus a me salutabis. De bello invitus audio semper; utpote cui assidue in ore, Pa- cem te piscimus omnes. Magis facit animo meo alterum illud, quo prose- queris Landgravii Mauritii affinitatem cum Duce Megapolitano. Deus eam Opt. Max. fortunet. Die lunæ Unionis Principes heic prope Spiram oppidum Idenheim, quod in formam castri munire pergebat Episcopus Spirensis, ma- nu intrarunt armata, & illico muros recens excitatos dejecerunt, adeo di- splicet omnis novatio; illo præsertim loco, quod quasi Germaniæ meditul- lium, & juxta Rhenum imminens Palatino, Badensi, Wirtenbergico. A- junt pecunia Hispanica munimentum illud crevisse. Utut est: Religiosi opus non habebant tam operoso & inexpugnabili molimine, quo excluderent a se sexum foemineum. Heus, mi Kirchmanne, quæso te, crue effigiem Pa- tris mei, ea depicta fuit anno 1585. a cive vestro Joanne Conrado, cogna- to Petri Mennii medici ac physici ibidem. Dn. Frobenius super ea quidem inquisit; sed retulit ipso & uxore mortuis, omnes picturas distractas, neque esse reperiendas. At mihi verosumile videtur, adhuc latere in Lubeca. Quære, obsecro, super ea liberos Conradi, paratus sum justo pretio redimere imagi- nem illam Parentis mei, relictam in officina ejus, quod arriperet longinquius iter Dantiscum versus, ubi mox diem suum obiit. Vides rationem affectus esse in caussa, cur eiconion illud desiderem: servat enim faciem patris, qua fuit paulo ante mortem. Si non constat eis tabula; quoniam forte nomen appositum non fuit, sciant suisse virum annorum quasi quinquaginta, barba adhuc flavescenti, thoracem seu diploidem habebat ex serico illo, quod ho- die vocatur Atlas. Ante annos XXVII. transibam Stetinum, Cancellariusque illius Pomeraniæ Principis Otto Ramin tam similis erat patri, ut videri pos- set indiscretæ similitudinis; hoc dico, ut si qui sint, cui ille notus fuerit, facile etiam deprehendant progenitorem meum. Vides, mi Kirchmanne, licentiam meam; verum tu quoque aliquid etiam mihi injunge, impetrabis quod imperabis. Interim vale & salve cum tuis, a tuissimo J. Grutero 16. Iunii 1618. Heydelbergæ. Salutat te plurimum Jo. Adolphus Tassius, qui eadem mensa & domo mecum utitur. Si enim nescis, iterum ago scholasti- cum, utorque mensa aliena in æde propria. Familiam non alo. Una filiarum ante septem menses nupit præfecto, Amptschulten, Brittanno. Minor hæret apud agnatam. Sic igitur rursus sum studiosorum unus. Jam fere ita vivo tri- ennium. EPISTO-
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206 MOST FAMOUS AND LEARNED. When you have brought it forth into public. For that we shall indeed owe you very much, all of us. But, hey! does Tengnaglius’s wife still live? She must be eighty years old, for when he married her, the bloom of her youth had already passed; and was this son born of Tegnatius? I know she had a stepson! In any case, you will greet both him and her from me at greater length. I always hear of war unwillingly; especially since “We are all continually fishing for you in peace” is always on my lips. The other matter, however, which you report to me, regarding the alliance of Landgrave Maurice with the Duke of Mecklenburg, pleases me more. May Almighty God prosper it. On Monday the Union princes here near the town of Idenheim, not far from Speyer, which the Bishop of Speyer was continuing to fortify into the form of a castle, entered with armed hand, and at once demolished the recently raised walls, so much does all innovation displease them; especially in that place, which is as it were the middle of Germany, and lying beside the Rhine threatens the Palatinate, Baden, and Württemberg. They say that Spanish money increased that fortification. However that may be: religious men did not need such an elaborate and impregnable structure in order to keep out the female sex. Hey, my dear Kirchmann, I beg you, search for the likeness of my father; it was painted in the year 1585 by a citizen of your town, Johann Conrad, a relative of Peter Mennius, physician and scholar there. Mr. Frobenius did inquire about it; but he reported that, after both he and his wife had died, all the paintings were dispersed and could not be found. Yet it seems to me quite probable that it is still hidden in Lübeck. Please ask the children of Conrad about it; I am ready, at a fair price, to buy back that portrait of my father, which was left in his workshop, because he set out on a more distant journey toward Danzig, where he soon met his end. You see that it is feeling that is the reason why I desire that little portrait: for it preserves my father’s face as it was shortly before his death. If the panel is not known to them, since perhaps no name was added, let them know that the man was about fifty years old, with a beard still somewhat yellowish; he wore a coat or doublet made of that silk which today is called atlas. Twenty-seven years ago I passed through Stettin, and the chancellor of that Pomeranian prince, Otto Ramin, was so like my father that it seemed to be an indistinguishable resemblance; I say this so that if there are any who knew him, they may easily identify my progenitor as well. You see, my dear Kirchmann, my freedom; but do you too impose something on me, and you will obtain what you command. Meanwhile farewell and be well, with yours, from your most devoted J. Gruter, 16 June 1618, Heidelberg. Jo. Adolphus Tassius sends you many greetings; he makes use of the same table and house with me. For if you do not know it, I am once again a student, and I use another man’s table in my own house. I do not support a family. One of my daughters married seven months ago to the prefect, the district magistrate, a Briton. The younger remains with a kinswoman. So once again I am one of the students. I have been living almost like that for three years now. EPISTO-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 207 EPISTOLA CXXIII. JANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. Ioh. Kirchmanno. Lubecam, Quantum debeam diligentia tuæ, vix est, ut verbis exprimam: tanto quidem magis, quia omnis cura & indagatio frustra fuit; verum non ideo tamen obligor serventi illi tuo studio. Sed & divinctum me sentio gratiositati D[omi]næ Tonaglianæ; cui uti plures salutes unaque item filio ipsius a me nuncies, plurimum quæso. Coram eam agnovi matronam cordatam, officiosam atque indulgentem. Nunc ut video, mos ille ipsi in naturam vertit; eaque propter hic quoque desiderio meo satisfacere cupit. Utinam tibi, utinam illi in re etiam aliqua majori gratificari possem! nihil profecto facerem aut promptius, aut efficacius. Interim ut me adhuc strictius vobis quasi applicetis, fac quæso sciam diem tuum natalem; ut & Ioachimi Tonagli P. M. emortualem, ut & natalem, si potes. Iam enim in eo sunt Aubrii, ut recudant Chronicon Chronicorum, ubi exstat titulus virorum literis virtutibusque illustrium, a me maxima parte concinnatus. Ei peplo nomina vestra injurie nimis diutius abfuerint. Lubens intellexit, superesse adhuc Principes, qui memorias colunt mortuorum; & næ illi nomen sibi comparant perenne, dum adstruunt alteri. Sed & tua nimis quam laudabilis opera, qui Caselii carmina colligis. Quamvis typographi hodie omnem despuant poësin, sperarem tamen aliquid impetrare posse ab Aubriis, utique si quis inveniretur, qui centum exemplaria pretio librariorum redimere vellet. Et absque eo, mi Kirchmanne, non est cur deseras officium tam pium. Fata viam invenient scriptis tam doctis. Domani mors nescio an ulli sit futura mærori, ob eam sane multigaudebunt, quibus erat fastuosior imperiosiorque. Tassius agit Tubingæ. Ego jam iterum commisi typis Discursus meos in Tacitum, nihil reveritus censuram ad te Baudianam. Vocat commissuras meras, neque aliud quid unquam ipse certe præ me tuli. At omnino cæcutiit, arbitratus propositum mihi imitari Lipsium. Ubi enim definio, ubi partior, ubi distinguo? Imo exhibere volui exemplum, quod imitarentur juniores in legendis auctoribus, qui de quacunque re different in utramque partem, que rem unam eandemque aliis aliisque efferant verbis sententiisque. Rei illi animum applicui jam ab annis fere decem, cum evocarer Hamburgo ad Henricum Ranzovium Bredenbergæ, ibidemque viderem Lipsium in curis ad ipsum Ranzovium, ei quippe dedicat, secundis jactare quasi & appendere aurea in statera parallelum unicum alterumque Græci Latinive auctoris, ad scriptorem eundem. At ejus rei omnia plena sunt, quemadmodum nulli non patebit, si mens mihi manserit adhuc in sano corpore sana ad aliquot annos. Singulis enim semestribus animus est extrudere similes dissertatiunculas triginta numero plus minus, dum Cornelium excussero totum totum. Si quæras forte, cur morosior in me fuerit Baudius, verbo dicam: caussa
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LETTERS OF MEN. 207 LETTER CXXIII. JANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. To Ioh. Kirchmann. Lübeck, How much I owe to your diligence, I can scarcely express in words; so much the more indeed because every effort and inquiry have been in vain; yet for all that I am not ungrateful for your zealous devotion. But I also feel myself bound to the kindness of Lady Tonagliana; to whom, as well as to her son, I beg that you convey from me many greetings. I have known her in person as a sensible, obliging, and kindly matron. Now, as I see, that habit has become second nature to her; and for that reason she also desires to satisfy my wish in this matter. Would that I might be able to do a favor for you, would that for her, even in some greater matter! Certainly I would do nothing more willingly or more effectively. Meanwhile, so that you may bind me to you still more closely, as it were, do let me know, I beg, the day of your birth; and also the day of death of Joachim Tonnagel, P.M., as well as his birthday, if you can. For Aubrius is now in the process of reprinting the Chronicon Chronicorum, where there appears the title of illustrious men in letters and virtues, for the most part drawn up by me. Your names have too long been unjustly absent from that book. He gladly learned that there still exist Princes who cherish the memory of the dead; and indeed, by thus honoring another, they win for themselves an everlasting name. And very praiseworthy is your own work also, in collecting the poems of Caselius. Although printers today despise all poetry, I would still hope to obtain something from the Aubrii, especially if someone could be found who would be willing to buy one hundred copies at the booksellers’ price. And even without that, my dear Kirchmann, there is no reason for you to abandon so pious a duty. Fate will find a way for such learned writings. Domani’s death, I do not know whether it will be a cause of mourning to anyone; certainly, because he was more haughty and overbearing, many will rejoice at it. Tassius is at Tübingen. I have now once again committed my Discourses on Tacitus to the press, having feared nothing of the criticism directed at you, Baudian. He calls them mere connected passages, and certainly I have never put forward anything else. But he is completely blind, thinking that I intended to imitate Lipsius. For where do I define, where do I divide, where do I distinguish? Rather, I wished to present an example for younger readers to imitate when reading authors who, on any subject whatsoever, differ on either side and express one and the same matter in different words and different judgments. I have applied myself to that matter now for nearly ten years, since I was summoned from Hamburg to Henricus Ranzovius at Bredenberg, and there saw Lipsius, in his works addressed to Ranzovius himself, with second thoughts, as it were, tossing and weighing in a golden scale a single parallel passage and another from a Greek or Latin author, in relation to the same writer. But that whole matter is full of such things, as will be clear to everyone, provided my mind remains yet for some years in a sound body and a sound state. For my intention is, every half-year, to bring out similar little treatises, about thirty more or less in number, until I have fully edited Cornelius. If you should perhaps ask why Baudius has been more harsh toward me, I will say in a word: the reason
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208 CLARIS. ET DOCTISS. caussa fuit naturæ morumque diversitas. Poëta siccus usque & usque sobrius dicor Dousæ patri: sed & virginali modestiæ etiamnum assidue lito. Noster ille Veneri ac Lyæo notior erat? verum nolo plura, ne videar nunc demum aliquid mutire, postquam ipse loqui non potest. Nam quam saverim alioqui ingenio ejus, expressi Epigrammate satis amico. Plautum Parei certo videbitis vere proximo pulchre recoctum, qualiter a Medea scilicet vetus Pelias. Simulatque prodierit, ego eidem comico manum admovebo, & Asellum excipiam flagris meritis. Interim salve & vale amice prime, & ignosce impolitis. Nunquam audeo mea relegere, ne oblinantur lituris & alioqui semper mihi abest otium. Nunc præcipue, dum Heringio novos aliquot molior discursus ad priores. Heidelbergæ xxi. Novemb. 1618. EPISTOLA CXXIV. JANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. Ioh. Kirchmanno. Lubecam, Læta narras de Caselio: sed de Aubriis nihil certi unquam extricabimus, nisi exemplar ipsum antea suis oculis arbitrati fuerint. Compararunt sibi librariam officinam Marniorum integrum. Itaque exhausti pecunia ad omnia sunt tardiores. Verum paulo post, spero, redibunt ad ingenium. Si quid ab eis impetravero super Caselio, tecum communicabo. Ita est, auxi discursus, sed parte: cum tamen ad manum esset sylva immensa. Sed nihilvolo prævorti Plauto nostro, quem sub Taubmanni nomine edimus contra Cumani Asini fraterculum, qui auctorem eum utraque editione foedum in modum excruciavit, sub persona medici carnis eximia novæ. Istud tamen apud te manere velim. Nam quantum intelligo, Guldastus ille noster in vestra vicinia satagit eruere, quid istis locis scribam ad amicos, & pro ingenii sævitate detorta in pejus transmittit ad comparem suum, de cujus moribus uti summarie tibi constet, legesis tantum verba, quæ Gruterus in ejus caput ceu flores sparsit inter euphemias. Secunda hac editio tua Plautina, Quam paras (spondeo) mille modis superabit priorem. Quid arbitraris in eadem epistola, & præcessisse & subsecutum? multa sane, quibus propositum ejus approbarem, exstimularemque currentem ad editionem secundam. Imo contra fuit. Miserat ad me quinque vel sex com[m]odias uti percurrerem, & si censerem dignas impressione, pergeret in opere inchoato, sin indignas, desisteret. Scripsi simpliciter, editionem prinam fuisse plane sæculo nostro indignam, & ipsum expertum, qualipastoritia fistula excepta fuerit a Doctis ac bonis. Hanc, scire me, mille modis futuram vitiosiorem cacatioremque, addebamque ejus sententiæ causas meas. Qui tamen ita me vivo, me præsente quasi, verba measy-cophantice in alium sensum detorquere audet, quid non moliretur me mortuo? Epistola Baudiana cur movear? unicuique liberum est sentire quid velit. Et stultissimus sum, si velim ubique auferre ab omnibus mea legentibus calculos albos,
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208 CLARIS. ET DOCTISS. The cause was the diversity of nature and of character. I am called a dry poet, and sober enough, again and again, to Dousa’s father; yet I still make constant offerings even to virgin modesty. Was that man of ours better known to Venus and Lyæus? But I do not wish to say more, lest I seem now at last to be muttering something, after he himself can no longer speak. For as much as I otherwise knew his spirit, I have expressed it sufficiently in a very friendly epigram. You will certainly see Plautus, by Pareus, beautifully reworked next spring, just as old Pelias was, namely, by Medea. As soon as it appears, I myself will lay hands upon that comic poet, and I shall take the little Ass to the lash he deserves. Meanwhile, farewell and stay well, dearest friend, and forgive the roughness. I never dare reread my own writings, lest they be smeared over with corrections; and besides, leisure is always lacking to me. Especially now, while I am devising several new digressions for Heringius alongside the earlier ones. Heidelberg, 21 Nov. 1618. EPISTLE CXXIV. JANUS GRUTERUS sends greeting to Johann Kirchmann, at Lübeck, You tell a cheerful story about Caselius; but as for the Aubrius affair, we shall never get anything certain out of it unless they have first examined the copy itself with their own eyes. They have bought up the entire bookshop stock of the Marners. And so, having exhausted their money, they are slower in everything. Yet a little later, I hope, they will return to their senses. If I obtain anything from them concerning Caselius, I shall share it with you. So much for that: I have added to the digressions, though only in part, although a vast forest lay at hand. But I do not wish to get ahead of our Plautus, whom we are publishing under Taubmann’s name against the little brother of the Cuman Ass, who has cruelly tormented that author in both editions, under the guise of a physician of extraordinary novelty. I should like that, however, to remain between us. For, as far as I understand, that Guldastus of ours in your neighborhood is busy trying to discover what I write from these places to friends, and, according to the perversity of his temper, he sends it on, twisted worse still, to his counterpart; and so that you may know briefly what sort of character he is, just read the words which Gruter scattered like flowers over his head amid euphemisms. Your second edition of Plautus, which you are preparing, will, I swear, surpass the former in a thousand ways. What do you suppose was both before and after the passage in that same letter? Indeed, many things by which I would have approved his purpose and encouraged him onward to a second edition. In fact, the opposite happened. He had sent me five or six comedies to go through, and if I judged them worthy of printing, he should go on with the work already begun; if unworthy, he should desist. I wrote plainly that the first edition was utterly unworthy of our century, and that he himself had experienced with what sort of rustic pipe it was received by the learned and the good. I added that this one, I knew, would be a thousand times more defective and more foul, and I gave the reasons for that opinion. Yet whoever, while I am alive, almost in my presence, dares to twist my words in a sycophantic way into another meaning, what would he not attempt when I am dead? Why should I be moved by Baudius’ letter? It is free to each man to think what he wishes. And I am the greatest fool if I want everywhere to take from all who read me the white pebbles,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 209 albos, satis est si suffragia impetrem tua tuorumque similium. Quanquam ut antea indicavi, discursus mei nihil ejus sunt, quod sonant Italice, sed quod Latine; sicuti etiam indicavi præfatione ipsa. Ob missum diem natalem, multas ego tibi gratias acturus & alias, ubi Tonagli nostri submiseris. Sed & ille vester Dn. Aislemæ dignus comparere in eo ordine. Dissertationes ejus nondum vidi. Sed esse virum ingenii judiciiique eximium inde colligo, quod cum muneri illi præfecerint Dni ordines. Nescio an idem sit cum eo, cujus libellos carminum vidi aliquando in Gallia excusos. Utut fuerit! faveo felicitati tuæ, cui datum posse vestros labores edulcare suavibus talis viri alloquiis. Ego heic neminem habeo, quicum verfer, factus adeo Timon, ac tantum non Misanthropos, quatenus scilicet in hominibus odi vitia: quæ cum ab ipsis separari nequeant, eos quoque non frequento, horto meo inclusus, ubi lito Floræ ac Musis, securus quid Reges agant Principesque, quod fatum qualecunque, quæso, non mihi invideos. Dno Tonaglo salutes adscribo perofficiosas. Tu etiam mi Dn. Kirchmanne vale ac salve ex animi mei, hæc est, tuimet ipsius sententia. Scribo raptim, ut omnia soleo. Postremo Ma[ste]r Heydelbergæ 1613. EPISTOLA CXXV. JANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Lubecam. Imo ipsemet illustrissimus Dux Brunsvicensis dedit in mandato Conrado Hornejo Professori philosophiæ moralis publico Helmstadii, colligendi, edendique publicis sumptibus Caseliana. Scripsi ei de proposito tuo. Tu etiam quæso tua cum ipso communica, ut ita conjunctis operis animisque omnia prodeant plenius ornatiusque. Meretur id sane Caseliana Charis. De Parei Plauto non miror quæ dicis, est enim homo Gratiarum Musarumque verumodium. Impudentiam agnoscis ex Euphemiis; ubi mea etiam verba exhibuit prorsus contra animi mei mentem & sententiam. Interim edidit Epistolam a se fictam, sub nomine advocati Parisiensis truncato, qua nullis non contumeliis proscindit auctorem Asini Cumani. Sed & modo in nundinis folium integrum bibliopoliis adfigi curarat cum titulo, Apologia Parei contra famosum libelum, palam clamve sparsum a Iano Grutero, &c. Pauca exemplaria distracta sunt, cætera Pater ejus statim intervertit & suppressit, ut etiam falsam illam epistolam, quam excuderat quatuor exemplariorum millibus. De natali tuo & Tonagli emortuali plurimum te amo, neque minus debeo pro natali Dn. Aislemæ cui salutes meas remitto cum foenore. Utinam & istis hic locis aliqua in re vobis aut usui esse possim, aut voluptati! experiremini hominem virtutibus, doctrinis famæque vestræ addictissimum. Interim utrique omnia fausta opto atque precor: uti etiam Domino Tonaglo & Lectissimæ ejus matri. Illustrissimus noster inSuperiorem abiit Palatinatum cum Principissa & fi- D d lio
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 209 the white, it is enough if I obtain your votes and those of your like. Although, as I indicated before, my discourses have nothing of what they sound like in Italian, but rather in Latin; as I also stated in the very preface. For the omitted birthday, I shall give you many thanks, and others when you send down our Tonaglio. And that man of yours, Dn. Aislema, is also worthy to appear in that order. I have not yet seen his dissertations. But from this I gather that he is a man of outstanding talent and judgment, because the Lords of the Estates have placed him over that office. I do not know whether he is the same as the one whose little books of poems I once saw printed in France. However that may be! I favor your good fortune, to which it has been given to be able to sweeten your labors with the gracious conversations of such a man. Here I have no one with whom to converse, having become a Timon, and almost a Misanthropos, insofar as I hate vices in men: and since these cannot be separated from them, I do not frequent men either, but remain shut up in my garden, where I pay my devotions to Flora and the Muses, unconcerned with what kings and princes do, since I do not, I pray, envy any fate whatsoever. I add my most respectful greetings to Dn. Tonaglio. You too, my Dn. Kirchmann, farewell and hail from the disposition of my heart, that is, from your own opinion of yourself. I write in haste, as I always do. Finally, at Heidelberg 1613. EPISTOLA CXXV. JANUS GRUTERUS. S. D. To Ioannes Kirchmannus. Lübeck. Indeed the most illustrious Duke of Brunswick himself gave orders to Conrad Hornejo, public professor of moral philosophy at Helmstedt, to collect and publish the Caseliana at public expense. I wrote to him about your proposal. You too, I beg, communicate your plans to him, so that thus, with united labor and spirit, everything may come forth more fully and more elegantly. The Caseliana surely deserves this from the Graces. I am not surprised by what you say about Pareus’ Plautus, for he is a man truly hostile to the Graces and the Muses. You recognize the shamelessness from the Euphemiae; there too he displayed my own words entirely contrary to my mind and opinion. Meanwhile he published a letter forged by himself, under the name of a Parisian advocate, with the title cut short, in which he tears the author of the Asinus Cumanus to pieces with every insult. And just now at the fair he had also caused a whole sheet to be posted up in the booksellers’ shops with the title, Apologia Parei contra famosum libelum, publicly or privately circulated by Janus Gruterus, etc. A few copies were sold; the rest his father immediately intercepted and suppressed, as also that false letter, which he had printed in four thousand copies. For your birthday and for Tonaglio’s death-day I love you greatly, and I owe no less for Dn. Aislema’s birthday, to whom I send my greetings with interest. Would that in these parts I might be able to be of some use to you, or of pleasure, in some matter! You would find a man devoted to your virtues, your learning, and your reputation. Meanwhile I wish and pray all good fortune to both of you: as also to Lord Tonaglio and his most excellent mother. Our most illustrious prince has gone up into the Upper Palatinate with the Princess and his son
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210 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. lio majore, electus in Regem Bohemiæ. Deus actiones ejus fortunet! nam aut omnino fallor, jam inibi sumus, ut aut vincamus satellites Papæ, aut iis succumbamus; quod ultimum providentia coelestis avertet. Hei! quanta instat tota Germania mutatio! ego me involvo studiis meis. Plautus iterum correctus a me ad M.SS. Pall. recuditur Witebergæ, una cum commentariis Taubmanni. Editioni ei favebis, vel constantiæ causa tuæ, vel quia modestissimi fuimus in emendatione ejusdem comici, præ viperina licentia Parei. Herin- gio extorqueo jam modo via judiciali Discursus meos in Tacitum, quei hac hyeme prodeant ab Aubriis. Iterum Vale. 1. Octobris 1619. EPISTOLA CXXVI. GOTHOFREDO JUNGERMANNO. S. D. Ianus Gruterus. Lipsiam. Habe paucis', recepisse me tuas nuper in nundinis unas alteras modo, respondendi viam non habeo certam, has tamen Gotham mitto, forsan inde invenient tabellarium aliquem. Quod attinet ad interpretationem Statii circa res Venereas, satisfaciundum est junioribus. Nec hic tu peccas, sed author, & quid? an non moris Græcis Romanis exhibere statuas suas fere Deorum pariter atque hominum sine veste, quales a matre natas? ita evincunt reliquiæ, item icones Philostrati aliorumque. Offendentur eo ipso forte Iesuitæ, qui Curios simulant & Bacchanalia vivunt. Sed quid tam? surda aure præter- eundi sunt, vel meo exemplo, quem tot calumniis proscidit asinus quidam Gretzerus, ut mirer in ignotum tantum cadere virulentiæ. Nam eum sane, aut societatis ejus fratres sacerrimos præfatione illa non magis designavi, quam Gesnerum, qui primus Martiali castrator. Consobrinus tuus Camerarius nuper rediit a comitiis, doleoque una mecum te heic non subsistere. Perrumpe omnia vincula obsecro, & te nobis siste nundinis proximis. Uber vini proven- tus edulcabit rerum omnium cæterarum pretia, viliusque heic vivetur, quam antehac. Criticorum volumina duo nunc proxime publicabuntur, dummodo expediero me ex indice tectii, nam ut ego te vocem in partem laboris, jam serum nimis est. Ante si constitisset de hac tua voluntate, ea fuissem sane impudentia, & eam non sprevissem. Apud nos nemo est, qui patienter folium nunc perlegeret. Facio tamen omnia negligenter, utpote rerum plane aliarum. Biloviana non vidi. Ex schedis tamen, quas misisti, facile colligo fuisse me- rum pus & venenum. Libertissime legi, communicavique cum amicis; maximas ea propter tibi gratias ago, sive ipse tu author, sive Putschius, sive uterque. Guldasto literas quas destinasti, heic adhuc hærent. Abest enim adhuc in pa- tria una cum nobilissimo suo discipulo, quicum abiit ad matrem. Reverso curabuntur: nam nuntii, qui eo abeant, non sunt. Eustatium jam puto rece- pisti, certe enim se misisse indicavit per epistolam D. Hoeschelius. Quicquid in Statio, in Eustathio verteris, vel feres tecum Francfurti Autumno proximo, vel mittes spero. Malim tamen primum. Et id sic, mi Jungermanne, offi- cio,
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210 CLARISSIME AND MOST LEARNED. With my elder son elected King of Bohemia. May God prosper his actions! For unless I am entirely mistaken, we are now at the point where either we shall defeat the satellites of the Pope, or be overcome by them; which latter heaven’s providence will avert. Alas! what a change is pressing upon all Germany! I am devoting myself to my studies. Plautus, corrected again by me according to the M.SS. of Pall., is being reprinted at Wittenberg, together with Taubmann’s commentaries. You will favor that edition, either for the sake of your steadfastness, or because we were most modest in correcting that comic poet, in contrast to Pareus’s serpent-like license. I am now wresting from Heringius by legal process my Discourses on Tacitus, which are to appear from Aubrius this winter. Farewell again. 1 October 1619. LETTER CXXVI. TO GOTHOFRED JUNGERMANN. GREETINGS. Janus Gruterus. From Leipzig. Take it briefly: I have received yours, only one other lately at the fair; I have no certain way of replying, but I am sending these to Gotha, perhaps they will find some messenger there. As for your interpretation of Statius concerning matters of Venus, the younger men must be satisfied. Here too you do not err, but the author. And what then? Do the Greeks and Romans not, according to custom, display their statues of gods and almost equally of men without clothing, such as those born from a mother? So the remains, and likewise the images of Philostratus and others, demonstrate. Perhaps the Jesuits will be offended by that very thing, they who pretend to be Catos and live Bacchanalian lives. But what of that? They must be passed over with a deaf ear, or by my example, whom some ass Gretzer has attacked with so many slanders that I wonder such venom should fall upon one unknown to him. For I certainly did not, in that preface, designate him or the most sacred brothers of his society any more than Gesner, who was the first castrator of Martial. Your cousin Camerarius has recently returned from the assembly, and I grieve that you are not staying here with me as well. Break through all bonds, I beg, and come to us at the next fair. The abundant yield of wine will sweeten the prices of everything else, and life will be cheaper here than before. Two volumes of the Critics will soon be published, provided I can get myself out of the index of Tectius; for to call you to a share in the labor now is far too late. If your intention in this matter had been known earlier, I would indeed have had the impudence, and I would not have rejected it. Among us there is no one who would now patiently read through a leaf. Yet I do everything carelessly, being engaged with entirely different matters. I have not seen Biloviana. From the papers, however, which you sent, I easily gather that it was my pus and poison. I read it very freely and shared it with friends; for that I give you the greatest thanks, whether you yourself are the author, or Putschius, or both. The letters you intended for Guldast still remain here. For he is still absent in his homeland, together with his very noble pupil, with whom he went to his mother. When he returns, they will be attended to; for there are no messengers who go there. I think you have already received Eustathius; certainly D. Hoeschelius indicated by letter that he had sent it. Whatever you translate in Statius, in Eustathius, either you will carry with you to Frankfurt next autumn, or, I hope, send it. Yet I would prefer the former. And so, my Jungermann, I am duty-bound,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 211 cio, fide, candore aderimus tibi in omnibus per omnia. Ingenium enim tuum & industriam facimus jure maximi. Ideoque eo præsentes uti frui in votis non e multis. Interim salve & cura istas tuo, meo, Putschio. Heydelbergæ præ- cipitabam die XVIII. Iulii 1603. EPISTOLA CXXVII. GOTHOFREDO JNNGERMANNO. S.D. Georgius Remus. Beasti me tuis, Jungermanne doctissime: & gaudeo Longum prodire tuum. Deloco illo, cui Machaon medeatur aliquis, sic habeto. Non solum illam Ægæi maris insulam. Chium, sed & Eubææ, Caria sub monte Pellenæo, & in Rhodiorum. Cherroneso fuisse urbes sic dictas. Ex his selige, quam scopo aptam putes auctoris. Et ut de Chio insula loquatur, quid vetet. Latumiam non ignobilem id ævi fuisse didæ, * cum tot Ferrariæ hodie sint? Fac etiam fuisse lapicidinas, quæ nomina sortitæ sint sua. Sed hæc conjectura est mera, & ampliandum censeo: quin & ad alios abire tri- podas potes, quando hoc meum nullius putas momenti oraculum. Probo in- terea studium tuum improbum bene merendi de bonis auctoribus, & te con- secrandi immortalitati. Vale & salve, & a me Putschio elegantissimo & eru- ditissimo salutem. Norimb. ipsis Kal. Decemb. C13. D. CIV. EPISTOLA CXXVIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Georgius Remus. Rostochium, Serius opinione tua, expectatione mea mihi redditus est tuus de Funeribus Romanorum Commentarius Vir Cl. & eruditissime, Dn. Kirchmanne. Ex- emplaria accepitria. Quorum duo mandatu tuo Augustam nisi, queis destinabas, Magnis viris M. Velfero & D. Hoeschelio: ac jam nomen tuum expunctum pu- ta. Apothecas in Philologiæ alium non est quod existimes librum esse, quam Nuptias Mercurii cum Philologia, Marciano Capella auctore, quem Scripto- rem Hug. Grotius IC. ignei ingenii homo, recensuit, & februis expiavit. Ma- nuscriptus, in quem incidi, erat, unde quid libri esset aliquandiu inquisivi: sed deprehendi altero post die, quam ad te scripseram, Sidonii Apollinaris Epistolas. Jo. Savaro dedit: & dedit perquam politas. Sunt tamen cor- rectiones super non contemnendæ, quas ex MSS. Norimbergæ hausi. Porro The- mistium ad Augg. Cæsares perorantem, a me toga pro virili indutum (penes te & tui simillimos, id est viros omni doctrinarum genere perpolitos judicium resideat, quam recte, & quam bene factum) tibi quoque amicorum facile pri- mo sisto: quem auctorem facio jure magni, & te quoque æstimaturum spe- ro, ubi , quem patri dixit, videris, excusseris, ac commentario D d 2 tuo * Corrupta hæc est lectio.
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LETTERS OF MEN. 211 with zeal, faith, and sincerity we shall stand by you in all things and in every way. For we rightly hold your talent and industry in the highest esteem. Therefore I do not among many desire to enjoy your presence now. In the meantime, farewell, and take care of those matters of yours, and of mine, Putschius. At Heidelberg I was hurried along on the 18th day of July, 1603. EPISTLE CXXVII. TO GOTHOFREDUS JNNGERMANNUS. S.D. Georgius Remus. You have delighted me with your letter, most learned Jungermannus; and I am glad that your Longum has come out. As to that passage, where some Machaon is to heal, hold it thus: there were not only that island of the Aegean Sea, Chios, but also cities so called in Euboea, in Caria beneath Mount Pellenæus, and in the Chersonese of the Rhodians. Choose from these whichever you think best fits the author’s aim. And as for his speaking of the island of Chios, what forbids it? I have learned that a latomia was not an insignificant thing in that age, * since so many Ferraras exist today? Suppose even that they were quarries which took their names from their own use. But this is a bare conjecture, and I think it should be expanded; indeed you may even turn to other tripods, if you think this oracle of mine of no importance. Meanwhile I approve your industrious desire to deserve well of good authors and to consecrate yourself to immortality. Farewell and greetings, and greetings from me to Putschius, most elegant and most learned. Nuremberg, on the very Kalends of December, 1604. EPISTLE CXXVIII. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANNUS. S.D. Georgius Remus. Rostock, Your Commentary on the Funerals of the Romans, most distinguished and most learned Sir Kirchmannus, has reached me later than you expected and later than I expected. I have received the copies. Of these, by your command, I sent two to Augsburg, to the great men whom you intended, M. Velferus and D. Hoeschelius; and now I think your name should be struck out. In the Apothecae on Philology, you should not suppose there is any other book than The Marriage of Mercury and Philology, by Martianus Capella, a writer whom H. Grotius, an attorney and a man of fiery genius, has recently reviewed and purified with Februa. The manuscript into which I came was such that for some time I inquired what kind of book it was; but I discovered, the day after I had written to you, that it was the Epistles of Sidonius Apollinaris. Jo. Savaro produced it, and produced it very elegantly. Yet there are corrections on top of that which are not to be despised, and these I have drawn from manuscripts at Nuremberg. Moreover, the Themistius addressing the August Caesars, dressed by me in a toga as best I could—let judgment rest with you and those like you, that is, men polished in every kind of learning, as to how rightly and how well this was done—I readily present to you as well, first among my friends: him I rightly hold in great esteem, and I hope that you too will value him, once you have seen what he said to his father, have examined it, and have compared it with your commentary. D d 2 your * This reading is corrupt.
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. tuo ea, quæ ad rem erunt, inserueris; quod fors æterna cum laude tua fiet, quam quidem jamjam emeritus videris omnium suffragio bonorum, ac Senatus Critici adplausu maximo. Edere statui cæteras quoque orationes, ubi ocium dabitur. Cl. Scherbius Medicus fuit: beatus est: cui Ernestus Sonerus Philosophus & Medicus successit. Florent Rittershusius & Hubnerus JC. & ipse noster Scipio . Jo. Hier. Cressius nupturit. Quod superest, magno te rogatum opere velim, ut quum me in notis Themistianis aberrasse videris, homo quippe sum, & me humano pede ac modulo me- tior, nemo, notes candido veru, ac significes libere, quæ mu- tanda, quæ in melius reducenda existimaris. Sin aboleri notas, & litura una dignas judicaris, id quoque me pro amicitia nostra non celabis spero. Al- terum exemplar (par enim est) Cl. & Excell. Augustino Kockerto JC. exi- mio, patrono meo, transmittes, cum salute magna. Spero superesse vi- rum, & constitutum, amiculi sui Remi memoriam cum benevolentia conservasse. Cum Nobilissimo D. Woverio nulla mihi intercessit familiaritas: bene de litteraria meretur republica. Quod & ipsi, & tibi, quam diuturnum a Numine comprecor contingere beneficium. Va- le & salve, dulce decus meum, Kirchmanne. Norimbergæ III. Non. Sept. quæ dies Pietati Consecranca, si bene ephemerides habent. Quin Pietati erga Deum quilibet dies nobis devovetur. Anno 13. 13. CV. EPISTOLA CXXIX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D Georgius Remus. Rossochium. Ostridie Non. Sept. ad te dederam, unaque Themistianarum orationum exemplaria tria miseram Vir. Clariss. Ea cum vix abissent, mihi tuæ xx Julii Scriptæ a Magnifico D. Rectore Acad. Altorsinæ Doct. Matthia Hub- nero redduntur, quibus postulato meo satis abunde fecisti: Quo pro officio tibi me ingentes debere gratias ultro profiteor: eoque majores, quo prom- ptius curaveris D. D. Aug. Kockerto, & D. Woverio Themistium. Ego, quod in mandatis dedisti, executus sum. Testes erunt, ni fallor, hæ ab Hæ- schelio mihi transmissæ, tibi curandæ litterulæ. Velserus Themistium ex- cepit meum non nimis male. Aras Christianos primitivæ Ecclesiæ non ha- buisse, qvi caruerint templis, liquet opinor. Objiciuntur loca duo ex Cy- priano & Optato Milvetiano. Hic quidem paulo posteriorisævi, ille sub per- secutionibus fuit, unde & martyrii adorem meritus. Verum contra, quod apud Themistium, & quorsum facient, ni Orthodoxos Christianos a paganismo alienos, mensis usos dicemus? Athanasius Epist. ad vitam solita- riam agentes, & Orig. contra Celsum lib. VIII. ostendunt aris caruisse Chris- tianos. Facio hoc tui judicii; ut, quod ad auctoritatem Cypriani & Optati respondendum putes, mihi libere edisseras. Gestio enim tuam audire senten- tiam
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most clear and most learned man, if you shall have inserted in your work whatever will bear on the matter; which by chance will happen to your eternal praise, for you now seem, by the unanimous vote of all good men and by the loud applause of the critical Senate, to be almost retired from service. I have resolved to publish the remaining orations too, when leisure shall be given. Mr. Scherbius was a physician: he is blessed; and Ernest Soner, Philosopher and Physician, has succeeded him. Rittershusius and Huebner flourish, both jurists, and our own Scipio too. Jo. Hier. Cressius is about to marry. What remains, I would very much ask you, since whenever you shall see me to have strayed in the notes to Themistius—since indeed I am a man and measure myself by human foot and standard—if you should notice it, do so candidly, and freely indicate what you judge should be changed and what brought back into better shape. But if you judge the notes ought to be erased and are worthy of a single stroke of the pen, I hope you will not conceal that either from me, in consideration of our friendship. You will send the other copy too (for the same is fitting) to Mr. and Excellent Mr. Augustin Kockert, most distinguished jurist, my patron, with warm greetings. I hope the man is still alive, and has kept in kindly remembrance the memory of his little friend Remus. I have had no intimacy with the most noble Sir Woverius: he deserves well of the republic of letters. May that blessing come both to him and to you, and may it last as long as I pray from the Godhead. Farewell and be well, my sweet honor, Kirchmann. At Nuremberg, the third day before the Nones of September, which day is consecrated to Piety, if the calendar is correct. Indeed every day is devoted by us to piety toward God. Year 13. 13. CV. EPISTLE CXXIX. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. S.D. Georgius Remus. Rossochium. On the day before the Nones of September I had sent to you, and at the same time had sent three copies of the speeches of Themistius to the most distinguished man. Since scarcely these had gone off, your letter of July 22, written by the magnificent Lord Rector of the Academy of Altdorf, Doctor Matthias Huebner, is delivered to me, in which you have abundantly satisfied my request: for that service I freely profess myself greatly in your debt; and the more so, the more promptly you have taken care of Mr. August Kockert and Mr. Woverius with Themistius. I have carried out what you had ordered. The letters transmitted to me by Häschelius, to be forwarded to you, will bear witness, unless I am mistaken. Velserus has taken my Themistius not too badly. That the primitive Church had no altars, since they were without temples, is clear, I think. Two passages are brought against this, from Cyprian and Optatus of Milevis. The latter is indeed somewhat later in time; the former was under the persecutions, and therefore deserved the glory of martyrdom. But, on the other hand, what in Themistius, and to what purpose would they serve, unless we say that Orthodox Christians were alien to paganism and used tables? Athanasius, in the Epistle on those leading a solitary life, and Origen, against Celsus, book VIII, show that Christians were without altars. I make this a matter for your judgment, so that whatever you think should be answered concerning the authority of Cyprian and Optatus, you may freely explain to me. For I long to hear your opinion
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 213 tiam. Verum hæc severioramitto, & ad epithalamion scribendum, si tantum faverent Apollo & Musæ, quantum opus, & res exigit, me offerrem. Aliis hanc spartam relinquo. Bona tamen verba precabor novo sponso, tibi inquam viro magno, quemque ipsa Thalia canat, digno. Plura non addo, nec placet nunciare Istrigonium jamjam in hostium manibus nunciari. De comitiis Augustæ vel Ratisbonæ indicendis fama volat. Vale, quod superest, & me amare perge. Norimbergæ. 3. Kal. Octobr. CIO. ID. CV. EPISTOLA CXXX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Georgius Remus. Rossoctum, Tardum nomen sum; fateor, causam dicere possim. V. Clariss. D. Kirchmaune, tabellariis idoneis me destitutum. Dudum ad te dare gestii: nemo fuit, cui committerem. Lipsienses nundinæ nunc quidem sese offe- runt. Neostephanum, quem mihi commendasti, amicis Augustinis & Pa- tavinis insinuavi; quem, ut par est, comiter excepere. Ex quo autem a no- bis abiit, nihil quicquam de ipso audii. Ceterum pro munere illo pulcher- rimo gratias tibi ago: beasti me; ajo tibi. Atque utinam dies illucescat, qua paria faciam, tibique rependam beneficia hujus generis pluria a te in me col- lata. Nescio sane, qua tati felicitate vos auctiores præ nobis sitis: & nos eo infortunatiores, quod Clariss. Rittershusii [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [veneris], consortio, eheu! privati simus, Abiit is e vivis 8. Kal. Jun. maximo totius Academiæ ac bono- rum omnium luctu. Obiit Vir optimus & extra alce controversiam, doctissimus; relictis tribus filiis, duabus sequioris sexus prolibus, vidua moestissima. Parentavit manibus, Baro Bohemo-Moravus Wenzelickius: parentabit vero Doct. Casp. Pansa J.C. denuo: Epicedia a variis Academiis accepimus: a vestra, expectamus expetimusque id genus officii, [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] edentur, ubi etiam a Belgis, & remotioribus aliis Sarmatis, acceperimus. Matures, velim. Lente procedit negotium editionis. Quæritur successor; necdum repertus est. Quatuor an- tecessores alet Senatus Ampliss. D. Scipio, qui maritus & pater est, tractatus, sive materias, aut si mavis, locos communes proponet: alter, qui quæritur, Codicis professor erit: tertius digesta Doctor Andr. Dinnerus. Quartus, In- stitutiones enucleabit, qui est Doct. Ægid. Agricola. M. Queccius. M. Pic- cartus, Virdungus, vivunt, valent, officiumque faciunt. Doctor Sohnerus medicus superiore anno a nobis ad Coelos abiit, Vir certe acutissimus, neque hic successorem habet. Medicum, fama est, vocatum aliunde, qui subrogetur. Floret Academia pro more. Vestra nunc, ut spero, quiescit ab illis turbis turbidis Academia, & sane modus esse debet motus, inquam, turba- rum. Doctorem Augustinum Kockertum florere opto. Is Lubecæ agit, ut nosti. Non addam verbum. Clariss. & Excellentiss. DN. Cothmanno juris- cons. hujus ævi facile principi a me salutem officiosam nuncia, per occasio- nem, Dd 3
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LETTERS OF MEN. 213 …indeed. But I omit this more severe matter, and for writing an epithalamium, if Apollo and the Muses only favored me as much as the work and the occasion require, I would offer myself. I leave this task to others. Yet I shall pray good words for the new bridegroom, I mean, to you, a great man, one whom even Thalia herself may sing, as being worthy. I add no more, nor do I care to announce that Istrigonia is now being reported as already in the hands of the enemy. Rumor flies that the assemblies are to be called at Augsburg or Regensburg. Farewell, for the rest, and continue to love me. At Nuremberg, 3 Kalends of October, 1605. EPISTLE CXXX. TO JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Georgius Remus. Rossoctum, I am slow in name; I confess I could give the reason. Most illustrious Mr. Kirchmann, I have been deprived of suitable messengers. I have long desired to send you something: there was no one to whom I could entrust it. The Leipzig fair is now indeed offering itself. I have introduced Neostephanus, whom you recommended to me, to my Augustinian and Paduan friends; they received him kindly, as was fitting. But since he left us, I have heard absolutely nothing about him. As for that very beautiful gift, I thank you: you have made me happy; I tell you so. And would that the day might dawn when I could do the same, and repay you with many such benefits as these which you have conferred upon me. Truly I do not know by what good fortune you are more favored than we are; and we are the more unfortunate because we are deprived, alas!, of the company of the most illustrious Rittershusius [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [veneris]. He departed this life on 8 Kalends of June, to the great grief of the whole Academy and of all good men. The very best man, and beyond all controversy the most learned, has died, leaving three sons, two daughters, and a most sorrowful widow. Baron Wenzelickius, a Bohemian-Moravian, paid funeral honors to his remains; Doctor Casp. Pansa, J.C., will do so again: we have received funeral poems from various academies; from yours we await and earnestly desire that kind of service, [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] will be published, once we have also received them from the Belgians and other more distant Sarmatians. I should like them to be completed quickly. The business of the edition proceeds slowly. A successor is being sought; none has yet been found. The very eminent Senate will support four predecessors: Mr. Scipio, who is husband and father, will present treatises, or, if you prefer, commonplaces; the second, who is being sought, will be professor of the Code; the third, Doctor Andr. Dinnerus, of the Digest; the fourth will expound the Institutions, and this is Doctor Ægid. Agricola. M. Queccius, M. Piccartus, and Virdungus are alive, well, and performing their duties. Doctor Sohnerus, the physician, went up to heaven the year before last, a man certainly of the keenest intellect, and here too there is no successor. A physician, it is said, has been called from elsewhere to be appointed in his place. The Academy flourishes as usual. Your Academy, I hope, is now resting from those turbulent disturbances; and indeed there ought to be moderation, I say, in disturbances. I wish Doctor Augustin Kockertus well. He is staying at Lübeck, as you know. I shall add no further word. Convey my respectful greetings, on the occasion, to the most illustrious and most excellent Lord Cothmann, the leading jurist of this age. Dd 3
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214 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. nem, & Cæteris Clariss. Collegis tuis, amicisque: quos inter Dn. Henricus Heinius. Norimbergæ. v. Kal. Octobr. 10. CXIII. EPISTOLA CXXXI. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Georgius Remus. Restochium, Slluimus, hem! numquid ad satietatem? Ruptum eo ergo silentium primus, te non invito, Vir Clariss. Dn. Kirchmanne. Vestras turbas jamjam sopitas, spero. Tranquilla est nostra Academia; sed cheu! orbata magno Rittershusio & Sohnero: quos si nos deflevisse dicerem, mentirer. Parentavit Rittershusio Baro Bohemus Wenzelikius: parentavit eidem Doctor Caspar Pansa, aurotus [est] eo tuis cunximus [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] Pietepotius . Addidi p[ro]lun[di]o[n]e , quo celebravi XII. viros Germaniæ nostræ doctissimos, qui illo anno (1613.) in fata concessere: at non satisfacit carmen mihi; nedum ut pro dignitate laudatos a me dixerit viros illos Clarissimos: quorum Principes Caselius, Taubmannus, Menzelius, Rittershusius, Baudius. Belgam adsociavi nostris Germanis, uti numerus constaret. Germanica vero edentur, quæ ab amicis passim honoribus Rittershusii consecrata sunt; & expectantes adhuc versus Isaaci Casauboni ex Britannia, & Meursii ex Belgio. In professione Digestorum successit Rittershusio Doct. Vir Dennerus: Institutiones enucleat Aegidius Agricola. Verum cognosces ex tabellifero fusius, quare, inquam, Reipubl. nostræ status pacatissimus est. Cæsar ad Kal. Septemb. proximas comitia indicturus est, Ratisponæ. Interea Pragæ commorabitur. In Galliis novæ lites ac dissidia gliscunt. Henricus enim Burbonius, Dux Condæus; gravissima capita Reginæ Rectrici præscripsit emendanda. Regina contra largitionibus & aliis rationibus sibi ordines Galliæ devincit, & hoc agit, ne rationes dare cogatur villicationis suæ. Constat de prodigalitate ejus. Constat Thesaurum Regium, quem Henricus I v. magnum corraserat, exhaustum. Constat Marchioni Ancorano (is est novus homo Florentinus, (le Mignon de la Reyne) dona inofficiosa oblata. Habes capita. Ferunt tympana audiri per Galliam, & ad bellum parari omnia. Eheu! De bello Turcico sunt qui blaterent multa. Ego ex media Ungaria scriptas extremo Januario ab Alberto Molnare Pannonio non ita pridem accepi, quibus vix mentionem belli injicit. In Italia tandem pax inter Allobrogem & Mantuanum facta, Rege Hispaniæ damna Mantuano sarciente. Genevenses & Bernates in perpetuo metu ac motu sunt; sed quæ ad mare Balthicum agantur, tu rectius nosti. Porro Philonis libellum mitto recentem a prælo Augustano o[mn]i i[n]cæpum , cum melius nihil ad manum sit. Federicus Morellus Regius Professor Lingua Græca Latine reddet, uti recepit quidem, hunc Philonianum libellum. Ab Isaaco Casaubono exspectantur Exercitationes Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ adversum purpuratum Romanæ Synagogæ Baronium. De M. Velseri morbo, cujus nomen o[mn]i iactu[m] p[ro]cidet edere nesciunt, nosti. Excruciabilibus doloribus exagita-
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214 MOST RENOWNED AND LEARNED. to him, and to your other most illustrious colleagues, and friends: among whom is Dn. Henricus Heinius. Nuremberg, Oct. 27, 1613. EPISTLE CXXXI. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. S.D. Georgius Remus. Restochium, I am alive, alas! But do you mean, to satiety? So I am the first to break the silence, not without your leave, most illustrious Sir, Dn. Kirchmann. I hope your disturbances are now all quieted. Our Academy is calm; but alas! bereft of the great Rittershusius and Sohner: if I were to say that we lamented them, I should lie. Rittershusius has been honored by the Bohemian Baron Wenzelkius; he was likewise honored by Doctor Caspar Pansa, ... Pietepotius . I have added p[ro]lun[di]o[n]e , by which I celebrated the twelve most learned men of our Germany, who in that year (1613) departed this life: but the poem does not satisfy me; far less does it speak, as is fitting, in praise of those most illustrious men: whose leaders were Caselius, Taubmannus, Menzelius, Rittershusius, and Baudius. I have included a Belgian among our Germans, so that the number might be complete. German pieces, however, will be published, which have been consecrated by friends in various honors to Rittershusius; and we are still awaiting verses from Isaac Casaubon out of Britain, and from Meursius out of Belgium. In the professorship of the Digest Rittershusius has been succeeded by the learned Dennerus: Aegidius Agricola is expounding the Institutes. But you will learn more fully from the messenger, why, I say, the condition of our commonwealth is most peaceful. The Emperor is to summon the elections for the next Kalends of September, at Regensburg. Meanwhile he will stay in Prague. In Gaul new quarrels and dissensions are growing. For Henri Bourbon, Duke of Condé, has prescribed the gravest matters for the Queen Regent to correct. The Queen, on the other hand, by gifts and other means binds the estates of France to herself, and is striving for this: that she may not be compelled to render accounts of her stewardship. Her prodigality is well known. It is well known that the royal treasury, which Henry I had amassed in great measure, is exhausted. It is well known that to the Marquis Ancorano (he is a new Florentine man, le Mignon de la Reyne) unsuitable gifts have been offered. You have the main points. They say that drums are heard throughout France, and that all things are being prepared for war. Alas! There are those who babble much about the Turkish war. From the middle of Hungary I recently received letters written at the end of January by Albert Molnare Pannonio, in which there is scarcely any mention of war. In Italy at last peace has been made between the Savoyard and the Mantuan, the King of Spain making good the losses of the Mantuan. The Genevans and Bernese are in perpetual fear and unrest; but what is being done concerning the Baltic Sea, you know better. Moreover, I send a recent little book by Philo, from the Augsburg press ... in part begun , since nothing better is at hand. Federicus Morellus, Royal Professor of the Greek Language, will translate it into Latin, as he has indeed undertaken to do, this little Philonic work. Isaac Casaubon is expected to send his Exercises on Ecclesiastical History against the Roman-synagogical cardinal Baronius. Concerning the illness of M. Velser, whose name ... to be brought forth at every turn they do not know how to publish, you know. Tormented by excruciating pains...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 215 agitatur, neque quisquam remedium asserre potest? latent enim causæ. Iam jamque moriturus credebatur. Elector autem Palatinus Fridericus v. non ita pridem primogenitum sacro fonte tingendum exhibuit per Regem Socerum (cujus vices egit Christianus Anhaltinus Princeps) & Fridericum Henricum, Mauritii Nassovii fratrem. Nomen puerulo inditum est Friderico Henrico. Sed de tabula manum. Vale Virorum eruditorum decus: & salutem nuncia Excellentiss. D.D. Em, Cothmanno JC. Antecessori primario Acad. vestra, viro florentissimo. Norimbergæ. VIII. Kal. Apr. CIC. 13. CXIII. EPISTOLA CXXXII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Georgius Remus. Lubecam, M Agnas, V. Cl. & facundissime, tibi me gratias agere par est, pro dono Luculentissimo orationis funebris, quam quidem vestrae Reipubl. Lube- censi ob jacturam tanti ornamenti, viri, mea opinione, omni lau- de majoris, non sine tui nominis benevolentissima memoria cum voluptate le- gi: qua Ideam viri politici expressisti atque jurisconsulti excellentis. Alte- rum Nestora tu Nestoria facundia commendasti, & posteritati consecrasti, Jacobum, inquam, Bordingum consulem, quo Lubeca vestra merito glo- riatur; & fortunatam natam se hoc consule jactat. Amisimus & nos viros ma- gnos, Paumgartnerum, Genderum, Furerum, Nüzelios, Hallerum, & alios, quorum catalogum ne conficiam angustia epistolica vetat. Certe Aca- demia orbata est Scip. Gentili JC. (qui quantus fuerit, nosti, opinor: ac magis te edocebit oratio) itemque Jo. Prætorio Mathematum professore, octo- genario. Amisimus Augustæ M. Velsrum, cui prope biennium, ac quod excurrit, parentatum est ab amicis. Habe, quæ tuo ocio legas commodoque. Nolim enim meliores horas te his inanibus impendere. Tacta a me est am- bitio eorum, qui se incidi curant æri, aut argento exprimi, quibus nullæ li- teræ, nulla in præcordiis virtus; Tacta urbanatim, ni fallor, non rustica- tim. Velsrum'vero, qui Augustanam et Boicam historiam Corneliano conscripsit stylo, laudem historici promeritum, nec tu inficias ibis. De Re- ligione nihil attigi. Pontificius fuit, sed vir bonus. Laudatur in hoste vir- tus; quidni in cive meo, & qui summo Magistratu functus est, super astra evehi debeat? Nosti virum. Rerum nostrarum status satis pacatus est. Prin- cipes & civitates, quotquot unitarum nomine veniunt, Heilbronnæ conven- tum celebrant, de proroganda Unione tractaturi. Pragæ Cæsar agit, fere o- peram dans certaminibus ballistariorum, vel etiam Comcedorum actionibus. Cetera Cardinalis Glaselius curat. Agi autem de designando Rege Romano, ignorare non potes, Ferdinando, qui contra Venetos bellum gerit. Istis sup- petias tulere Batavi, jam jamque in portu adpulere Veneto: circumvecti se- cundis ventis Galliam, Hispaniam & Italiam. Das seind wasser vogels. In Galliis
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 215 is being debated, and no one can provide a remedy? For the causes are hidden. It was already believed that he was on the point of dying. But the Elector Palatine Frederick V not long ago presented his firstborn to be baptized at the sacred font by the King, his father-in-law (whose place was taken by Prince Christian of Anhalt), and by Frederick Henry, brother of Maurice of Nassau. The little boy was given the name Frederick Henry. But enough of the tablet. Farewell, ornament of learned men; and convey greetings now to the most excellent D.D. Emm. Cothmann, first professor of civil law at your Academy, a most flourishing man. Nuremberg, 8th day before the Kalends of April, 1613. EPISTLE CXXXII. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Georgius Remus. Lübeck, I think, most distinguished and most eloquent Agnas, that I ought to thank you for the most splendid gift of the funeral oration, which I read with pleasure for your Republic of Lübeck, because of the loss of so great an ornament, a man, in my opinion, greater than all praise, and that too with a most benevolent remembrance of your name: in which you expressed the idea of an outstanding statesman and jurist. You praised the other Nestor with Nestorian eloquence, and consecrated him to posterity, I mean Jacob Bording, the consul, of whom your Lübeck rightly boasts; and through this consul she calls herself fortunate in her very birth. We too have lost great men, Paumgartner, Genderus, Furerus, the Nüzels, Haller, and others, whose cataloguing is forbidden me by the limits of a letter. Surely the Academy has been bereft of Scipio Gentilis, jurist, who, I think, you know how great he was: and the oration will teach you even more fully; and likewise Joannes Praetorius, professor of mathematics, an octogenarian. We have lost at Augsburg M. Velsrus, for whom funeral rites have now been observed by friends for nearly two years and a little more. Take this for your leisure reading and convenience. For I would not wish you to spend your better hours on these trifles. I have touched upon the vanity of those who have themselves carved in bronze or cast in silver, men who have no letters, no virtue in their inmost hearts; touched upon it, I think, with urbanity, not rusticity. And you will not deny that Velsrus, who wrote the history of Augsburg and Bavaria in a Cornelian style, deserved the praise of a historian. I said nothing about his religion. He was a Catholic, but a good man. Virtue is praised even in an enemy; why should it not be exalted above the stars in a fellow citizen of mine, and one who held the highest office? You know the man. The condition of our affairs is calm enough. The princes and cities, as many as come under the name of the Union, are holding a meeting at Heilbronn, to discuss the extension of the Union. At Prague the Emperor is active, spending most of his time on contests of marksmen or even on comic performances. The Cardinal Glaselius attends to the rest. And you cannot be unaware that talk is being had about designating a Roman King, Ferdinand, who is waging war against the Venetians. The Dutch have brought aid to them, and have just now come into the Venetian harbor, having sailed around France, Spain, and Italy with favorable winds. Das seind wasser vogels. In France
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Galliis ad internecionem heu! omnia spectant; Principes enim licet causam foveant justam, quippe Reipubl. salutem, legum & libertatis conservationem spectant, tamen minores armis sunt. Qui religionem reformatam profitentur, silent. Duces Nivemensis, Cenomanus, Bullionæus, Longovillanus, Vindocinensis proscripti sunt: omnes Pontificii, excepto uno Bullionæo. Coneinus Florentinus, Gynæceio a teneris addictus, Monarcha est regni Francici, fato Metelli. O tempora! Veneti cum Allobroge confæderati fidem præstant, ac divertunt molem belli a suis cervicibus; hoc foedere, quid sit futurum dies docebit, æstas ostendet proxima. Quod restat Cl. & Excellentiss. V. Dn. Augustino Kockerto J.C. insigni salutem adscribam officiosam. Dn. Elswigium amo & deosculor ob ingenium summum, quem si in Patriam rediit, saluta meis verbis. De Prole Megapolitanorum & Pomeraniæ Ducum memineris. Vale salve virorum optime, decus maris Balthici magnum & immortale Norimbergæ Idibus Aprilibus. C13. 13. CXVII. EPISTOLA CXXXIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Georgius Remus. Lubeam; Redditæ mihi tuæ sunt, Vir clarissime & eruditissime DN. Kirchmanne, amice optime, quibus carmen gratulatorium adjunxeras, pro quo munere gratias tibi ago maximas. Gaudeo sane, litem illam sopitam esse, utinam bene obsopita sit, neque posteriora prioribus deteriora fiant. Utinam sane pax illa solida sit! Dolorem vero ingentem in animo meo excitasti nuncio obitus V. Cl. D. D. Augustini Kockerti, J.C. summi, quem ob doctrinæ præstantiam, morum candorem & varias ingenii dotes mirum in modum adamaveram annos præter propter duodequadraginta, cum in Galliis & Germania familiarissime vixerimus: eique in Italiam (ex qua ego paulo ante redieram in patriam) abeunti scripseram, cujus exemplar nullum mihi servaveram; & jam ab heredibus emendicare erubesco! si tamen tanti est, cujus me vel alios rationem habere oporteat. Vixit mihi carissimus & quasi antesignanus in stadio & studio juris nostri Augustinus, cheu! noster olim Kockertus, qui me ætate aliquot antecessit annis, minimum octo aut decem. Complebo ad diem IV. Ian. 1621. annum sexagesimum, cum Deo propitio. Habuit amicos magnos Augustinus in Galliis, Italia, Helvetia, Germanica, Belgio, Dania, ac forte etiam in Suecia. Nemo virtutem tanti viri, qui oderat cane & angue p[ro]cujus ambitionem admiratus fuit: cujus ego filiis si velificari possim, remis non defuturus sim. Filium patri homonymum superiore æstate exspectaram adventurum, ac civem Academiæ Altorfinae futurum. Qua de causa non se stiterit ignoro. Rectorem hoc anno habet Altorphina nostra magnificum doctorem Matthiam Christianum Dithmarsum, austerum sane censorem juventutis, quæ libertatem potius amat. Tempora vero cum
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Alas, everything in Gaul tends toward utter destruction! For although the princes support a just cause, namely the preservation of the commonwealth, of the laws, and of liberty, they are nevertheless inferior in arms. Those who profess the reformed religion are silent. The leaders of Nevers, Mans, Bouillon, Longueville, and Vendôme have been proscribed; all are Papists, except for the one of Bouillon. Cœneus of Florence, from childhood devoted to the women’s quarters, is the monarch of the French kingdom, by the fate of Metellus. O tempora! The Venetians, allied with the Allobroges, keep their faith and divert the weight of war from their own necks; what will come of this alliance, time will tell, and the coming summer will show. What remains is that I should devote my respectful greetings to the most distinguished and excellent learned jurist Augustinus Kockert. I love and embrace Mr. Elswig for his supreme talent; if he has returned to his homeland, greet him in my name. Remember the offspring of the Mecklenburg and Pomeranian dukes. Farewell, most excellent man, great and immortal glory of the Baltic Sea. Nuremberg, the Ides of April. C13. 13. CXVII. EPISTLE CXXXIII. TO JOANNI KIRCHMANN. Greetings. Georgius Remus. Lubeck; Your letters have been delivered to me, most distinguished and most learned Mr. Kirchmann, my very good friend, together with the congratulatory poem you attached to them, for which gift I thank you most heartily. Indeed I rejoice that that dispute has been settled; I only wish it has been settled well, and that the later outcome may not prove worse than the earlier. Would that that peace were truly firm! But you have now stirred great grief in my heart by the news of the death of the very distinguished Dr. Augustine Kockert, a supreme jurist, whom, on account of his excellence in learning, the purity of his character, and his many gifts of mind, I had loved deeply for, roughly speaking, forty-eight years, during which we lived most familiarly in France and Germany. And to him, when he was departing for Italy, from which I myself had shortly before returned to my homeland, I had written a letter, of which I had kept no copy; and now I am ashamed to beg it from the heirs! unless, however, it is worth so much that either I or others ought to care about it. Augustine, alas! our former Kockert, who was a few years older than I, at least eight or ten, lived for me as my dearest friend and almost as a standard-bearer in the field and study of our law. By God’s favor I shall complete my sixtieth year on January 4, 1621. Augustine had great friends in France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, and perhaps even in Sweden. No one admired the virtue of such a man, who hated ambition like poison and venom, more than I did; if I could be of service to his sons, I would not be lacking in effort. I had expected his son, his father’s namesake, to come last summer, and to become a member of the University of Altdorf. For what reason he did not appear, I do not know. This year our Altdorf has as rector the magnificent Doctor Matthias Christianus Dithmarsus, certainly a severe censor of youth, which prefers liberty instead. But the times, however
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 217 cum sint exulceratissima non plane est, Catonem quendam præfici Lycceo. Publicas calamitates non, si centum linguæ oraque totidem mihi sint, enumerem. Sufficiat Bohemia & ipsa urbs Praga, ad quam sane infelicissime pugnatum fuit Martinalibus superioribus. Theatrum jam est miseriarum Praga, quæ Regina urbium, Imperatorum sedes florebat non ita pridem. Mitto , æri incisam pugnam, quam lustrabis sine periculo a globis gladiisque: extra turbas & tubas futurus, visurus congredientes Cæsarianos & Regios. Da horulam huic spectaculo, & si videbitur, cum amicis communica. Cæsarianorum numerus erat LXCIO, Regiorum vero vix XXXVI. CIO. militum, quorum illi optimi, instructi, exercitatique: hi minus. Strages facta, ad XCIO, ut calculus justior dat. Prodibunt descriptiones, Panegyrici, & gratulatoria scripta agminatim. Tripudiant tota Germania, Gallia, Italia, Hispania, Polonia, Loyalitæ: neque reputant Amurathum Sultanum ad Varnum, Solymannum in campis Mohotz vicisse Sigismundum & Ludovicum Reges Pannonicorum, longe majoribus instructos copiis. Papam Clementem VII. Roma expugnata a Cæsarianis captum fuisse. Taceo Lubecam, taceo Olyssiponem, de quibus Thuanus noster fusissime, si addas LVIII. libros recens editos. Ubi Karthago? Numantia? Constantinopolis a Turca occupata inexpiabili Christianorum flagitiosaque ignominia & ignavia? cæterum, quid futurum sit, audiemus vere primo. Palatinatum occupat Ambrosius Spinola, lenta quadam celeritate, vulpinam Leoninæ assuens. Vaticinium exstat, fore, ut, ubi Fridericus ad sua redierit (frustra enim Bohemiam tentavit) prospere agat. Pyrrhus aliena appetens, sua perdidit. Hoc observet. Reges Daniæ, Sueciæ, Britanniæ, Ungariæ vix tantum suppetiarum submittent, quibus adjutus Fridericus Pragam reciperet. Ferunt enim XLCIO. ex Insubribus adfutura Cæsari, quibus Silesiam & Moraviam & reliquas provincias subjuget. Hactenus nostram urbem Deus Opt. Max. bando vultu aspexit: quod nobis solidum bonum esse optamus omnibus votis & precibus pulsantes Coelum, & qui in Coelis præsidet ac residet. Minitantur extremâ nobis Archieratici: plura non poterunt, quam in nostram emendationem permittat Numen paterna nos castigaturum ferula. Nimius fui, D. Kirchmanne, de tabula manum. DD. Backmeisterum & filios Kokertos Augustini , saluta ex me. Vale ac salve. Norimbergæ, die Innocentibus consecranca. Anno CIII. CIO. IO. CXXI. EPISTOLA CXXXIV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Georgius Remus. Lubecam. Quas xx. Junii ad me dedisti, Vir Clariss. Dn. Kirchmanne, amicorum coryphæe, eas VI. Nonas Quintil. accepi. Inclusas Dn. Augustino Kokerto nostro curavi, quum quidem eo tempore Ingelstadium excurrerat & Ra- Ee risponam;
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LETTERS OF MEN. 217 though they are very sorely inflamed, it is not entirely clear, to put a certain Cato in charge of the Lyceum. I could not enumerate the public calamities, even if I had a hundred tongues and as many mouths. Let Bohemia suffice, and Prague itself, to which, certainly, very disastrously battle was joined in the past Martinalia. Prague is now a theatre of miseries, Prague, which, the Queen of cities, the seat of Emperors, was flourishing not very long ago. I send an engraving of the battle, which you may inspect without danger from bullets and swords: you will be outside the tumult and the trumpets, and will see the Cæsarians and the Royalists coming together. Give an hour to this spectacle, and if it seems worthwhile, share it with friends. The number of the Cæsarians was 69,000; of the Royalists, indeed, scarcely 36,000 soldiers, of whom those were the best, well equipped and trained; these less so. The slaughter made was 90,000, as a more exact reckoning gives. Descriptions, panegyrics, and congratulatory writings will come forth in troops. They are exulting throughout Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, and Loyalty; nor do they consider that Amurath the Sultan at Varna, Solyman on the fields of Mohotz, defeated Sigismund and Louis, kings of the Hungarians, with forces far greater and more fully equipped. Pope Clement VII. was taken when Rome was captured by the Cæsarians. I say nothing of Lübeck, I say nothing of Lisbon, about which our Thuanus has written very copiously, if you add the 58 recently published books. Where is Carthage? Numantia? Constantinople occupied by the Turk, to the inexpiable disgrace and shameful cowardice of the Christians? However, what is to come, we shall hear in the very first days of spring. Ambrosius Spinola is occupying the Palatinate, with a certain slow speed, sewing the fox skin onto the lion’s. A prophecy exists, that when Frederick has returned to his own territories (for he attempted Bohemia in vain), he will act successfully. Pyrrhus, coveting what belonged to others, lost his own. Let him take note of this. The kings of Denmark, Sweden, Britain, and Hungary will scarcely send such aid as would enable Frederick, with their support, to recover Prague. For it is said that 40,000 from the Insubres will come to the Emperor, with whom he will subdue Silesia and Moravia and the remaining provinces. Up to now God Almighty has looked upon our city with a gracious countenance: we pray with all vows and supplications, beating heaven, and Him who presides and sits in heaven, that this may be a solid good for us all. The Archieratics threaten us with extremities: they will not be able to do more than what the Deity, as a father, permits for our correction, chastising us with the rod. I have been too long, Mr. Kirchmann, over the page. Greet for me Master Backmeister and the Kokert sons of Augustine. Farewell and good health. Nuremberg, on the day consecrated to the Innocents. In the year 1621. EPISTLE CXXXIV. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Georgius Remus. Lübeck. The letters you gave me on June 20, most illustrious sir, Mr. Kirchmann, chief of friends, I received on the 6th day before the Nones of Quintilis. I took care that the enclosed ones should go to our Mr. Augustine Kokert, since at that time he had ridden out to Ingolstadt and Ra- I shall reply;
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. tisponam; itaque dum rediret, motam facere respondendo coactus fui, ve- niam dabis. Universitatis Altorsinæ Privilegia publicata sunt sollenni ritu, præsente legato S. C. Majestatis Illustriss. Principe Dn. Georgio Orthone Com. Pal. Rheni, Duce Bojar. Illustrib. & Nobiliss. ac V. V. Senatoribus, civibus, hospitibus, advenis, maxima frequentia cohonestantibus actum, adplaudenti- bus bonis lingua, animoque: Et ipse Titan solito splendidior ac suavior illu- xit sine nube; sine lite, sine querela abiit dies illa memorabilis posteritati: quod Deus coeli & terræ ratum ac gratum habeat. Orationes habitæ typis ex- scri- bentur: supplere jussu Senatus nostri coactus fui partes Dn. Procancellarii Do- ctoris [con]tin[en]t[ur] [n]o[n] [con]nusce[ss]is I. C. Nestoris nostræ Reipubl. qui ob senectam jam decrepitam domi lecto affixus se continet: ita moris est, ut collegæ col- lega vices agat. Quam bene steterim, judicium penes alios esto, qui nihil af- fectui tribuant. Dns Auguranus causam exponit, cur Lauream nondum petat, litteris ad D. avunculum Ioh. Petersenium Senatorem Ampliss. Lubecæ Rei- publ. quæ mihi quoque probatur. Itaque quod differtur, non ausertur. Candidati aliquot nomina dedere; decanus retulit ad Senatum. Hic nos studia pacis tra- tamus, dum in vestra Saxonia Mars fulminat. Quæ belli metas quis finis putabamus dejecto Friderico Palatino tranquilla omnia futura. Fallimur. Exstirpatos radicitus hæreticos & eradicatos stirpitus volunt archieratici. Sic stat sententia menti, Bojo, Ligæque toti. At consilium nullum est contra Dominum, & Ecclesia premi, op- primi non potest, contra portas inferum stabit invicta, Christo duce, triumphato- re Satanæ mundique. Hoc alimur; hoc fovemur solatio, speque, quæ falli, ne- quit, neque fallere potest. Si Deus pro nobis, quis contra nos? Mavortis alumnos fese ostendent Saxones: & ut succumbant homines, non succumbet veritas. Vale & salve vir præclarissime: & Augustinum mihi commendatissimum esse, persuasissimus sis. Norimbergæ VII Kal. Sextil. 13. 15. cxxiii. EPISTOLA CXXXV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Georgius Remus. Lubeacam. Cum ex nostra Academia ornatiss. ac præstantiss. juvenis Dn. Iacobus Hollan- der Lubeensis domum redeat; suamque is operam mihi nuper ferendis li- teris ad te Vir Clariss. ac Florentiss. detulerit, officio deesse nec debuineque po- tui. Me quod attinet, nuper adeo Prid. Non. Ian. Natalem lxv. celebravi: triduo post me Asthma inasit inopinato. Decubui: at jam meliuscule ha- beo Dei nostri beneficio. Adeo curiam, & fungor officio provirili. Urbs nostra ingenti molestia perfuncta est, transitu 4 legionum Cæsarianarum. Mi- les piccis manibus diripit omnia, utut liberalitate Senatus Ampliss. commeatus fuerit suppeditatus: quin sanguine innocentissimorum rusticorum manus suas cruentavit polluitque miles. O latrones! non milites: Bellum in Insubribus Gallo & Allobroge auctoribus lbero movebitur. Proschema varium est. Thua- num
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. I will reply; and so, while he was returning, I was compelled to make a disturbance by answering; you will excuse me. The Privileges of the University of Altdorf were published with solemn rite, in the presence of the envoy of His Serene Majesty, the Most Illustrious Prince Lord Georg Orth, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, and the Most Illustrious and Most Noble Senators, with citizens, guests, and newcomers honoring the act with the greatest attendance, applauding with good voice and mind. And Titan himself shone forth more splendid and more kindly than usual; that memorable day passed away without cloud, without dispute, without complaint, for posterity: may the God of heaven and earth approve and accept it as ratified. The speeches delivered will be printed: by order of our Senate I was compelled to supply the part of the Vice-Chancellor, Doctor [unclear] I.C. Nestor of our Republic, who, on account of his now very decrepit old age, remains confined at home in bed; it is thus the custom, that one colleague acts in the place of another. How well I stood, let the judgment be left to others, who attribute nothing to affection. Lord Auguranus explains the reason why he does not yet seek the laurel, in letters to his uncle, Lord Johann Petersen, most eminent senator of the Republic of Lübeck, which also seems right to me. So what is delayed is not lost. Several candidates gave in their names; the dean reported to the Senate. Here we are engaged in studies of peace, while in your Saxony Mars thunders. What boundary of war, what end, did we imagine, when Frederick the Palatine was brought down, that all things would be peaceful? We are mistaken. The arch-hierarchs want the heretics uprooted to the very roots and eradicated utterly. Thus stands the sentence in the mind, in Bohemia and in the whole League. But there is no counsel against the Lord, and the Church, though pressed and oppressed, cannot be crushed; against the gates of hell it will stand unconquered, with Christ as leader, triumphant over Satan and the world. This is our nourishment; this is our consolation, and with this hope we are sustained, a hope that cannot be deceived nor can deceive. If God be for us, who can be against us? The Saxons will show themselves as pupils of Mars; and though men may yield, truth will not yield. Farewell and hail, most distinguished man; and be most assured that Augustine is most warmly recommended to me. At Nuremberg, 7 days before the Kalends of Sextilis, 13. 15. cxxiii. EPISTLE CXXXV. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Georgius Remus. To Lübeck. Since from our Academy the most distinguished and excellent young man, Lord Jacob Hollander of Lübeck, is returning home, and he recently entrusted to me his services in carrying letters to you, most illustrious and most flourishing Sir, I could not, nor ought I to have, failed in my duty. As for myself, only recently, on the day before the Nones of January, I celebrated my sixty-fifth birthday; three days later asthma attacked me unexpectedly. I took to bed; but now, by the grace of our God, I am somewhat better. So I attend the court and perform the duties of a man. Our city has suffered great hardship from the passage of four Caesar’s legions. The soldier, with his pitch-black hands, plunders everything, although provisions were supplied by the generosity of the Most Noble Senate; indeed the soldier stained and polluted his hands with the blood of the most innocent peasants. O robbers, not soldiers! War in Lombardy will be stirred up by the French and the Allobroges as instigators. The pretext is varied. Thuanus
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 219 num (ut hoc addam) lib. xix. rejicit in Protestantes abrupti Colloquii Wormatiensis causam & culpam. Acta hactenus pronuper Ingelstadii prodiere opera Personali Episcopi Hebronensis, Suffraganei Dapaberii vicini nostri, hominis virulenti, qui (sit honor dicto) permerdavit illa acta glossis nugacissimis. Virum se præstitit Bonus Philippus: ei Petrus Canis Iesuitaster se opposuit. At Melanchon rem probe egit, Pontificii injecere Vinariensium technis. O fraudes! male ergo Thuanus: male. Nobis pacem & panem in Germania opto. Vale. Vir Præstantiss. & me ama. Norimbergæ prid. Eid. Febr. c13. 10. cxxv. EPISTOLA CXXXVI. JOANNI ELSWYCHIO. S.D. Georgius Remus. Rostochium. Ita profecto est Rem arduam ac difficilem, addo, immensi laboris, & quæ periculo non careat, Jane Politissime, Jane amicissime, adgrederis. Oceanum inquam, ingrederis, qui de Originibus, Institutis, Iuribus, Privilegiis & Arcanis Rerumpubl. scribere tentas. Vera semper ac comperta prodas necessum; ni offensionem multorum incurrere, ac scriptione tua lædere velis, qui proscribere possint. Vidimus nuper P. Bertii opus de civitatibus, quarum incrementa, civium mores, ac nonnulla in eam rem ex Munstero & aliis, Aventino, Irenico, ut opinor, collecta, decripta, deslorataque protulit: laudem ab his, ab illis insectationem promeritus. Nosti & novit Germania, in solis Augustæ Vindel. originibus veris e ruderibus barbariei eruendis, atque a tenebris asserendis, non paucos desudasse annos Marcum Velserum. Quid dicam de aliis urbi- bus, quarum plurimæ suas ignorant originationes? de juribus, municipiorum legibus, moribus, privilegiis conscribere, ingentis laboris: petere vero li- cet ex codicibus statutorum, quæ nolim tangere. Modum gubernandi civitates, hoc est Magistratum creandorum rationem diversam, & qua singuli potestate sint præditi per urbes Germaniæ, tutius est proferre. Norimbergæ nostræ Magistratus Conradus Celter, Poëtarum Germanorum Princeps, & primus lauru coronatus conscripsit libello parvo, quem in Bi- bliotheca publica asservamus religiosissime: licet typis mandatus sit. Est enim exemplar, quod ipse auctor Senatui amplissimo obtulit. Augustæ vero Magi- stratus Achilles Gassarus medicus sparsim attigit. Aliarum civitatum Impe- rialium Magistratus seu Decuriones qui descripserit ex professo, non habeo exploratum. Fuit nuper mecum Cl. V. Jo. Baptista Befardus Vesuntinus, qui statum Reipublicæ illius antiquissimæ. (Vesuntionis quippe Cæsar men- tionem fecit) mihi exposuit. Miratus sum prudentiam. Bremæ urbis statum alius indicavit, qui me latebat hactenus. Verum hæc parum te juvabunt, qui singularia & non vulgo nota expetis. Audio, quod extremum, Cl. Piccar- E e 2 tum
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LETTERS OF MEN. 219 number (to add this) in book xix. he throws back upon the Protestants the blame and cause of the abrupt Colloquy of Worms. Up to now the acts have lately come out at Ingolstadt through the work of Personal, Bishop of Hebron, suffragan of Dapaberia, our neighbor, a virulent man, who (let honor be said) has befouled those acts with most frivolous glosses. Good Philip showed himself a man: Peter Canis, the little Jesuit, opposed him. But Melanchthon handled the matter well; the Pontificals cast in the devices of the men of Winar. O frauds! Thuanus therefore is wrong; wrong. I wish for us peace and bread in Germany. Farewell. Most distinguished sir, and love me. At Nuremberg, the day before the Ides of February, 130. 10. 125. EPISTLE CXXXVI. TO JOHANN ELSWICH. S.D. Georgius Remus. Rostock. So indeed it is: a difficult and arduous task, I add, one of immense labor and not without danger, that you undertake, most polished John, most friendly John; you enter, I say, an ocean, when you try to write about the origins, institutions, rights, privileges, and secrets of republics. You must always put forward what is true and established; unless you wish to incur the offense of many, and to injure by your writing those who can denounce you. We have lately seen the work of P. Bertius on the cities, in which he presented their growth, the customs of the citizens, and certain things on that subject collected, as I think, from Munster and others, Aventinus, Irenicus, and the like, transcribed and elaborated: winning praise from some, attack from others. You know, and Germany knows, that in seeking out the true origins of Augsburg alone from the ruins of barbarism and rescuing them from darkness, not a few years were worn away by Marcus Welser. What shall I say about other cities, most of which are ignorant of their own origins? To write about rights, municipal laws, customs, privileges is a work of great labor; yet one may draw from the codices of statutes, which I do not wish to touch. It is safer to set forth the manner of governing cities, that is, the method of creating magistrates, which differs, and the powers with which each is endowed in the cities of Germany. At our Nuremberg, the magistrate Conrad Celter, Prince of German poets and the first crowned with laurel, wrote it in a small booklet, which we preserve most religiously in the public library, though it has been given to print. For it is the copy which the author himself presented to the most honored Senate. At Augsburg, however, the magistrate Achilles Gassarus, a physician, touched upon it here and there. Who has treated in detail the magistrates or aldermen of the other Imperial cities, I have not as yet determined. Recently there was with me the distinguished and honorable Joannes Baptista Befardus of Besançon, who explained to me the condition of that most ancient republic. (For Caesar mentioned Vesontio.) I marveled at his prudence. Another person indicated to me the condition of the city of Bremen, which had until now escaped me. But these things will help you little, since you seek singular matters and things not commonly known. I hear, as the last point, that the distinguished Piccar- E e 2 tum
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220 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. tum nostrum, qui ocio in Academico vivit, itidem moliri de statu rerum publicarum Italiæ, Germaniæ, &c. conscribere: in quo argumento non pauca congresserit. Sed tibi forte Hanseaticarum civitatum ratio, Picarto Supe- rioris Germaniæ urbium, rectius constabit: ut alter alterius luminibus mini- me sit obfuturus. Tantum erat, vale salve Elswychi doctissime: ac de hoc toto negotio quod melius, rectius, statue. Nolim ego calamum remorari tuum; quin calcar addo. Perge nobis æternum ingenii tui felicissimi monumentum relinquere. Norimbergæ. Prid. Non. Septembr. c13. 13c. XVII. EPISTOLA CXXXVII. PETRO SCRIVERIO. S.D. Andreas Schottus. Lugdunum Batavorum. Quod honoris mei gratia, eruditiss. Scriveri, inopinato miseris dono Bilhitanum Poëtam a te aliisque doctissimis egregie illustratum, facis benigne, meque obstrictum, dum voles, tenebis. Ego vero nescio quod avrid reponam, nisi forte, quia & in poëtica excellis, & Simonidæ Ly- rica eidem poëtæ comitem muneri misisti, ad te allegem Pindarico stylo Joan. Aurati poëtæ Regii quædam, quæ a Canteris fratribus, dum viverent, sunt- que Gulielmi manu pleraque descripta, accepi, & quædam typis nondum esse evulgata observavi. Habes itaque Poëta Poëticum munusculum, exiguum, at magni pignus amoris habe, quando nihil nunc quidem suppetit, quod re- pendam. In Belgica Historia, quam & ipse Latine patriæ gratia coepisti recte illustrare, scito me misisse avendora non pauca Jo. Grutero, sed ægre posse ab Aubrianis editionem extorqueri. Habeo & alia selecta e bibliothecis, sed sustinebo, dum typographus reperiatur idoneus, ne frustra sumptus tolerave- rim. Hoc enim ago, optoque ut posteri habeant, tametsi rustice, ut illa erant tempora, conscripta, quæ elegentiore alii stylo si velint calamistris inu- rent, ormentque pro virili. Hoc meum consilium facile, vobis iisdem vesti- giis hærentibus, ut spero, probabo. Vale in Do. Salvebis a Schotto & He- riberto. Antwerpiæ 27. Maji. c13. 13c. XIX. EPISTOLA CXXXVIII. IOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ianus Rutgersius. Rostochium. Superioribus diebus ad te Varias meas misi præcipitatum opus, & in quo typographi infinitas mendas excusarem, nih meæ plures essent. Tu pro tua summa humanitate excusabis. Ampliss. Cons. Brokesio, & D. Superinten- denti ipse cum Deo feram. Librum tuum de annulis absolvisses vellem Oc- casio optima nitide excudendi foret. Sed ut tibi commodum est. Affinis tui, quem mihi commendas, causa omnia volo. Quicquid possum, ei omne serviet.
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220 CLEAR AND MOST LEARNED. then our own, who lives in leisure in the Academy, likewise to undertake to write about the condition of public affairs in Italy, Germany, &c.; in which subject he has dealt with not a few things. But perhaps for you the account of the Hanseatic cities, or of the towns of Upper Germany, will be more fitting: so that one may not in the least be an obstruction to the other’s light. That was all; farewell, most learned Elswych: and about this whole business decide what is better and more right. I would not wish to delay your pen; rather I urge it on. Go on to leave us an eternal monument of your most fortunate talent. At Nuremberg, on the day before the Nones of September, c13. 13c. XVII. EPISTLE CXXXVII. TO PETER SCRIVERIUS. S.D. Andreas Schottus. From Leiden. Since, for the sake of my honor, most learned Scriverius, you have kindly sent me, unexpectedly, as a gift, the Bilhitan Poet, excellently illustrated by you and other very learned men, you hold me obliged to you, whenever you wish. For my part I do not know what avrid to give in return, unless perhaps, because you excel in poetry too, and have sent the lyric poems of Simonides as a companion gift to that same poet, I should present to you, in Pindaric style, certain things of the poet Janus Auratus, which I received from the Canter brothers while they were alive, and most of which were copied by William’s hand, and I noticed that some have not yet been published in print. So you have from one poet a poetic little gift, small indeed, but accept it as a pledge of great affection, since at present I have nothing that I can repay you with. In the History of Belgium, which you yourself have also begun to illustrate properly in Latin for the sake of your country, know that I have sent avendora quite a number of things to Jo. Gruterus, but it is difficult to wrest an edition from the Aubrians. I also have other selections from libraries, but I shall wait until an appropriate printer is found, lest I incur expenses in vain. For this is my aim, and I wish that posterity may have them, although written in a rustic style, as those times were, which others, if they wish, may anoint with more elegant style and adorn as far as they can. This plan of mine I shall easily commend to you all, if, as I hope, you hold to the same footsteps. Farewell in the Lord. You will be greeted by Schottus and Heribert. At Antwerp, 27 May. c13. 13c. XIX. EPISTLE CXXXVIII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Janus Rutgersius. Rostock. On the previous days I sent to you my Varieties, a work hurriedly brought forth, and in which, if I excuse the printer’s countless mistakes, there would be even more of my own. You will excuse them in your great kindness. I shall myself, with God’s help, convey it to the most distinguished councillor Brokesius and to the superintendent. I would wish that you had finished your book on rings, if there were a very good opportunity to print it neatly. But do as suits you. For the sake of your kinsman, whom you recommend to me, I desire everything. Whatever I can do will all be of service to him.
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 221 serviet. Recepimeam e Suecia Bibliothecam, totum indicem brevi, ut spero, ad te mittam. Dico spero. Nam cum nondum evasata sit, nescio, quando potero. Rogo, si meis usus es, remittas. Quoscunque rursus voles, paratisunt. Vale. Iulii. Amsterod. 1618. EPISTOLA CXXXIX. IOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ianus Rutgersius. Lubecam, Non dubito, Vir Clariss. quin ipsum centum & sexaginta Millia Impe- rialium onus facile me tibi purgaturum sit, quod hac vice ad vos non venerim, sed quod in tuis ad me stipularis, sancte promitto, si quod iter in Belgium mihi rursus obventurum est, non negligam convenire illas venerandas animas, Brokesium dico, Stampelium item, & illum, qui urbi vestræ non exiguo splendori est, Aismam. Wittium enim alibi hærere in aularum aliqua puto. Quem ante discessum meum Ionecopiam rediturum sperabam; verum frustra. Quæ causa est, quod tardius respondeam, quam fortassis expectatio tua, & officia mea postulabant. De Grutero queri desino. Sortem, quam omnes ferunt, solus dolere non debes. Cum ei Varias meas mitterem, ac humanissimis litteris eum ad amicitiam invitarem, adjunxi exemplar pro Paræo, ac id ut ei daret, rogavi. Homo, pene dixerim, phreneticus, iis litteris mihi respondet, quas non dicam ad mei ordinis ullum, sed ne scurram quidem vilissimum, ullus sanæ mentis misisset. Nam post debacchationes in Paræum. Si illum, inquit, æstimas amicitia, Rutgersi, restuas tibi habe & plura iis etiam ineptiora adjungit. Ego nihil aliud respondi, quam per discipulum quendam ejus, qui iturus Heidelbergam me salutatum venit, Gruterum meo nomine rogaret, uti indicem mihi amicorum inimicorumque suorum mitteret, ac tunc operam me daturum, ne quid denuo peccaretur. Si unquam reditus mihi in patriam contigerit, Capacium ad te mittam. Velim scire an folia farfari, hoc est, Variarum mearum receperis, quæ in tuo exemplari non erant. Sed Annulis tuis quid sit? obsecro acceleres. Ego jam cum Elzevirio locutus sum, qui libenter suscepturus est. Quis Domanno successerit, scire velim. An quis dignus illo Atlante. Sed hæc & plura proximis a te expectabo. Vale Vir Cl. & nos ama. 1619. Stockholmæ. EPISTOLA CLX. IOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ianus Rutgersius. Rostochium, Eustathius Swartius tibi & e libris, & præsens Lubecæ, ut puto, notus Agentis munus Illustrissimorum Principum Megapolensium nomine ad Ill. ordines foederatos ambit. Cum autem petiisset, ut se Principibus illis, quibus me
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LETTERS OF MEN. 221 shall serve. I have received my library from Sweden; I shall send you the whole index soon, I hope. I say I hope, for since it has not yet been unpacked, I do not know when I shall be able to do so. I ask that, if you have made use of my books, you return them. Whatever others you may wish again, they are ready. Farewell. July. Amsterdam. 1618. EPISTLE CXXXIX. TO IOANNES KIRCHMANN. S.D. Janus Rutgersius. Lübeck, I do not doubt, Most Illustrious Sir, that even the burden of one hundred and sixty thousand Imperial coins will be easily cleared by me in your eyes, because on this occasion I did not come to you, but as for what you stipulate in your letter to me, I solemnly promise that, if I should again have occasion to travel into Belgium, I shall not neglect to visit those venerable souls, I mean Brokesius, also Stampelius, and that man who is no small ornament to your city, Aisma. For I think Wittius is lingering elsewhere in some court. I had hoped that before my departure he would return to Ionecopia; but in vain. This is the reason why I reply more slowly than perhaps your expectation and my duty required. I cease to complain about Gruter. You ought not alone to grieve at the lot which all bear. When I was sending him my Variæ, and inviting him by the most friendly letters to friendship, I added a copy for Paræus, and asked that he give it to him. The man, I had almost said a madman, answers me with letters such as I would not say any person of my order, but not even the vilest buffoon, would have sent if in his right mind. For after invectives against Paræus: “If you value him,” he says, “as a friend, Rutgers, keep your anger for yourself,” and he adds other even more foolish things. I replied nothing more than that, through one of his students, who came to Heidelberg to visit me, he should ask Gruter, in my name, to send me a list of his friends and enemies, and that then I would take care that nothing should again be done amiss. If ever I should have the good fortune to return to my native land, I shall send Capacius to you. I should like to know whether you have received the coltsfoot leaves, that is, those of my Variæ, which were not in your copy. But what is the matter with your Annuli? I beg you to hasten it. I have already spoken with Elzevir, who will gladly undertake it. I should like to know who has succeeded Domannus. Whether anyone worthy of that Atlas. But I shall expect these things and more from you in the next letter. Farewell, Most Illustrious Sir, and love us. 1619. Stockholm. EPISTLE CLX. TO IOANNES KIRCHMANN. S.D. Janus Rutgersius. Rostock, Eustathius Swartius, both from his books and in person at Lübeck, as I think, is known to you, seeks the office of Agent, in the name of the Most Illustrious Princes of Mecklenburg, before the allied Estates. But since he had asked that, to those Princes to whom I
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222 CLARIS. ET DOCTISS. me notum esse sciebat, commendarem, hominis eruditi & amici caula libenter feci. Eas litteras ad te mitto, utque ad utrumque Principem cures, rogo. Quantumque gratia & auctoritate apud eos polles, enitaris, ut voti sui com- pos fieri possit. Quo nihil gratius mihi facere potes, & ad majora me vicissim obligabis. Vale amicissimum caput, & nos ama. Dabantur Hage Co- mitum III Octob. 1624. EPISTOLA CXLII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ianus Rutersius. Lubosam, Mitto defectum in meis nugis, quem postularas. An titulus & prætatio defuerunt, scire velim. Id si est, continuo mittam. quanquam tibi potius optandum foret, alterum tantum defuisse, quo facilius tædio legendi defungaris. Affinis tuus in quacunque re mea opera atque studio indigebit, in omnibus paratissimum me offendet. Incidi nuper in Iulii Cæsaris Capacii Neapolitani Secretarii elogia illustrium utriusque sexus hominum; in quo honorificum & satis longum tuum est. Nescio an videris. Liber tam ineptus est, ut etiam Varias meas aut superet, aut dubiam certe palmam faciat. Candorem tamen laudo, qui certe in eo videtur summus. Si hominem in Italia videris obsecro fac sciam, quis qualis sit. V. Cl. Superintendenti, ut & Ampliss. Col. exemplar meorum misissem, nisi ipse præsens tradere præoptarem. Id quod brevi, cum Deo, futurum spero. Tu quæso utrique me commenda & Vale. Hage 28. Septembr. 1618. Domannus moritur, & puto intra triduum audies . EPISTOLA CXLII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ianus Rutersius. Rostochiam. Tuas Non. Sept. datas recte accepi. Quod ad eos, quos mihi commendas, operam dabo, ut intelligant commendationem tuam maximum apud me pondus habuisse. Idem Brokesii filio libenter ostendissem, nisi properatus ejus abitus impedisset, quo minus vel dimidiam saltem horam ejus conspectu frui potuerim. Quod ad Gebhardum attinet, quid is a me exspectet, nescio, cum literas ejus ad Regem Bohemiæ viderim, quibus jam ante biennium in Sueciam se vocatum scribit. Quod certe gaudeo, qui, e sermonibus Procerum & ipsius Regis, desperabam, ullum reformatæ religionis ad publicum docendi munus admissum iri. Nunc hanc opinionem meam in eo talsam fuisse gaudeo, qui præclaro ejus ingenio ac doctrinæ summopere faveo. Ac si quid pro eo possum, libenter vellem. Venusinæ meæ tarde properant; ne tu hanc causam silentii mei fuisse putes. Sed ob bellicum Majestatis.
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222 TO THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED I knew that it was known to me, and I gladly did as the learned man and friend’s cause required, recommending him. I send those letters to you, and I ask that you take care of both Princes. And as much as you are powerful among them by favor and authority, you should strive that his wish may be fulfilled. Nothing could be more pleasing for you to do for me, and in return you will bind me to greater things. Farewell, most friendly heart, and love us. Given at The Hague, 3 October 1624. EPISTLE CXLII. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. S.D. Janus Rutgersius. Lubosam, I send the omission in my trifles, which you had requested. I should like to know whether the title and preface were missing. If so, I will send them at once. Although it would rather be your wish that only one of them were missing, so that you might more easily rid yourself of the weariness of reading. Your relative, whenever he shall need my help and effort in any matter, will find me most ready in all things. I recently came upon Julius Caesar Capaccius of Naples, secretary, Elogia illustrium utriusque sexus hominum ; in it there is something honorable and quite lengthy about you. I do not know whether you have seen it. The book is so foolish that it either surpasses my Variae , or certainly makes the palm doubtful. Yet I praise its candor, which certainly seems greatest in it. If you see the man in Italy, I beg you to let me know what sort of man he is. I would have sent a copy of my works to the most excellent Superintendent, as well as to the Most Honorable College, had I not preferred to deliver it myself in person. Which I hope, with God’s help, will happen shortly. I ask you to commend me to both of them, and farewell. The Hague, 28 September 1618. Domannus is dying, and I think you will hear within three days. EPISTLE CXLII. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. S.D. Janus Rutgersius. Rostock. I received your letter of the Nones of September duly. As for those whom you commend to me, I will do my part so that they may understand that your recommendation has had the greatest weight with me. I would gladly have shown the same to Brokesius’s son, had his hurried departure not prevented me from enjoying at least half an hour in his company. As for Gebhard, what he expects from me I do not know, since I have seen his letters to the King of Bohemia, in which he writes that he was already, two years ago, summoned to Sweden. I am certainly glad of this, because from the conversations of the nobles and of the King himself I had despaired that any man of the reformed religion would be admitted to the public office of teaching. Now I rejoice that my opinion in that matter has been false, since I greatly favor his distinguished talent and learning. And if I can do anything for him, I would gladly do so. My people from Venus are slow in coming; do not think this the cause of my silence. But because of the warlike Majesty.
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 223 jestatis suæ apparatum tot negotiis oppressus fui, ut ne nunc quidem respi- rem, & vides me aliena manu uti. Totus sum in legendis Barthii adver- sariis; sed nunquam obtinebis, ut judicium meum scribam; quod tamen fa- cile cognosces, si Varias meas unquam legisti. Scripsi ad te nuper, & adjunxe- ram exempla aliquot orationis Fratris mei. Eas litteras an recceperis, scire cu- pio. Liber tuus de annulis apud eruditos hic in deliciis est, nihilque magis in votis habemus omnes, quam ut quamprimum aliud quiddam a te habeamus. Neque enim aut diligentia tua cessare potest, aut eruditio debet. Mitto tibi litteras collybi ad Henr. Bremer. Eas ut acceptet, togo effice: & quampri- mum pecuniam mihi curet. Est enim periculum in mora, cum ea pecunia pu- blicasit, & magnopere Mai. suæ interlit, quamprimum solvi. Hoc mihi gra- tius nihil facere poteris. Vale. ubi Barthius sit, scire velim. Video eum mihi Rutilium dedicasse. Itaque gratias debeo. Vale Clarissime atque Amicissime vir, & nos amare perge. Salutem uxori, Stampelio, hospiti meo, & commen- sali tuo Van Gaerten dicas velim. Dabantur Hagæ Comitum 22. Octobr. 1624. EPISTOLA CXLIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ianus Rutgersius. Rosiochium, Inas tuas, unas xxvII, alteras xxIX. Octob. datas recte accepi. Quod ad Bremerum attinet, tricas ejus non semel expertus sum, e quibus fi- des Regia tantam apud Ordines jacturam fecit, ut vix ullis rationibus repara- ri possit. Scis quantam summam S.M. Ordinibus debeat, pro qua foenus an- num solvit, quod plerumque vestratibus mercatoribus, ut ad me transmit- terent, mandatum est. Qui dum non septimanas aliquot, sed sæpe menses tri- cantur, incredibile dictu est, quantum incommodi S.M.S. apud hanc tam po- tentem rempublicam ea res pepererit. Si enim ne usuram quidem solvendo est, quid de sorte sperandum sit? Vides quam justas indignandi rationes habeam, quas & ad Bremerum ex parte scripsi, & ut tu porro latius ei explices, vehe- menter a te peto. Certe ridiculum est in tanta mercatorum frequentia Hambur- gi neminem reperiri posse, qui tam exiguam summam remittat, cum si ducenta millia velim, facilis ratio futura sit. Nam quod ad coll. bi damnum attinet, id ad me nihil, cum pecunia Regia sit, cujus ego dispensator tantum. Et summam hic esse completam oportet. Quare per amicitiam nostram te rogo, ut hominem urgeas. Equidem non ignarus sum, quantæ impudentiæ sit, me- liora tempora tua hisce nugis morari; sed ignosces fiduciæ, quam de tuo in me amore concepi; Et alioqui, quæcunque occasio incidet, libere mihi im- pera. Re ipsa ostensurus sum, nullum onus tam grave esse, quod non tua cau- sa libenter subire velim. Orationes Heinsii jam te accepisse puto. Iisdem enim literis, quibus Sorgius tuas mittit, eas se recepisse scribit. Vale vir Clarissi- me & nos amare perge. Dabantur Hagæ Comitum xxII. Novembr. 1615. EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 223 I have been so oppressed with business in making preparations for her Majesty that even now I can scarcely breathe, and you see me using another man’s hand. I am wholly occupied with reading Barthius’ notes; but you will never obtain that I should write down my judgment, though you will easily discern it if you have ever read my Variæ. I wrote to you recently and had added a few specimens of my brother’s speech. I wish to know whether you received those letters. Your book on rings is here in the highest favor among scholars, and nothing is more in the wishes of us all than that we may as soon as possible have something else from you. For neither can your diligence cease, nor ought your learning to do so. I send you the letters concerning the collyb of Henr. Bremer. Do all you can that he may accept them, and that he may have the money paid to me as soon as possible. For there is danger in delay, since that money was publicly discussed, and it is greatly to the interest of Her Majesty that it be paid as soon as possible. You could do me nothing more pleasing. Farewell. I should like to know where Barthius is. I see that he has dedicated Rutilius to me. Therefore I owe him thanks. Farewell, most distinguished and dearest man, and continue to love us. Please give my greetings to your wife, to Stampelius, my host, and to your table companion Van Gaerten. Given at The Hague, 22 October 1624. EPISTLE CXLIII. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANNUS. S.D. Janus Rutgersius. Rosiochium, Your letters, the one of the 27th and the other of the 29th of October, I received duly. As for Bremer, I have more than once experienced his delays, by which the Royal credit has suffered such loss among the States that it can scarcely be repaired by any means. You know what a large sum His Majesty owes the States, for which he pays yearly interest, and which it has usually been entrusted to your merchants to transmit to me. While they delay, not for a few weeks but often for months, it is incredible to say how much inconvenience that matter has caused His Majesty in relation to this so powerful a commonwealth. For if he is not even able to pay the interest, what is to be hoped for of the principal? You see what just grounds I have for complaint, and I have written part of this to Bremer; and I earnestly ask you further to explain it more fully to him. Surely it is ridiculous that in such a great crowd of merchants in Hamburg no one can be found who will remit so small a sum, when if I wanted two hundred thousand, a ready way would be found. For as to the loss of the collyb, it concerns me not at all, since it is the King’s money, of which I am only the dispenser. And the full amount ought to be here. Wherefore, by our friendship, I ask you to press the man. I am indeed not unaware how presumptuous it is to detain your better times with these trifles; but you will pardon the confidence which I have conceived from your affection toward me. And otherwise, whatever opportunity may arise, command me freely. I shall in fact show that no burden is so heavy that I would not willingly bear it for your sake. I think you have now received Heinsius’ speeches. For in the same letters in which Sorgius sends yours, he writes that he has received them. Farewell, most distinguished man, and continue to love us. Given at The Hague, 22 November 1615. EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CXLIV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D, Daniel Heinsius. Rostochium. Cum subito vir honestissimus & amicus tuus Academiæ nostræ valedice- ret, subito hæc scripsi? Tum ut gratias tibi singulares agerem pro mu- nere tuo, μαίλα δεξιως μ ζευ Φίλε, εν τῶν των Μυσῶν κηπω, εί ἐν τὸ οἰκο εκ- πεπονηθῶν. Tum vero ut serio a te peterem, ne tam diuturnum silentium meum spectares potius, quam amorem, quo nunc te prosequor & benevolentiam. Equidem menses sunt aliquot, cum hic juvenis, sicut forte a lectione mecum redibat, diceret viam nosse, qua commode ad te meas curarem. Ga- visus fui vehementer, ut qui diu occasioni illi intentus, me torsissem vehemen- ter, άδεν δίον. Itaque cum officium hac in re suum nobis offerret sedulo, nescio quo modo tamen factum est, ut jam demum, in procinctu cum sit, hoc præsta- re potuerit. Scaligero nostro quantum placuerit opus tuum non facile dixe- rim. Laudat enim καὶ τῶν αἰφελεων in scribendo, καὶ τῶν αιφελεων in perse- quendis singulis, quibus nullum volumen par futurum putabamus omnes. Ma[n]cte hoc ingenio, ma[n]cte hoc judicio: cujus in partem aliquam κατὰ τῶν κατῶν τὴς φιλιαν νόμον, si Heinsius tecum venturus est, non magnopere de infelicitate sua laborabit, quippe qui abunde apud te inveniet, quicquid sibi deesse quo- tidie agnoscet. Vale Clarissime Vir, & me ama. Lugd. Bat. v. Novemb. C13. Ic. CV. EPISTOLA CXLV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Daniel Heinsius. Rostochium. Magna cum voluptate de vinculis jugalibus, in quibus jam hæres, ex literis tuis accepimus. Nunc est cum tecum exclamare lubet, Hymenæ. Num cum τὴν ζυγία καὶ τὴν Λητεῖ, quarum illa foederi suavissimo, hæc τὴν ιυπεια præesse creditur, vota tecum suspendere. ΟΦεσμὴ ἀσπερικὴ γενηκὴ αἰφαντὸς ὑληται. Nisi universum hoc negotium immortali Deo curæ esse scirem, cui melius hoc uterque credemus. Ut feliciter cum tua ætatem exi- gas, nec feliciter minus prolem suscipias, quæ non tam vultu & oris linea- mentis, quam virtute & eruditione parentem referat. Carmen etiam petis, quod quidem & feci & prætermisi: alterum, quod nihil tibi a me negari pos- se arbitror: ὑν ὑδ ἰειμις τύτω. Alterum, quod iniquis excluderer tempo- rum spatiis. Accipe hoc igitur: quod facile prolixitatem sibi & elegantiam vin- dicabit, si benevolentia tibi satisfieri patiaris, nec tam de versuum numero, quam de amore nostro judicaris. Vale, Clarissime Vir, & nos ama. Lugd. Bat. c13. Ic. CVI. 25. Iun. Ultima
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Most Illustrious and Most Learned. EPISTLE CXLIV. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANNUS. S.D. Daniel Heinsius. Rostock. When your most honorable friend suddenly took leave of our Academy, I at once wrote this, first to give you special thanks for your gift, and then, μὰλᾶ δεξιῶς μι ζεῦ φίλε, εν τῶν των Μυσῶν κηπῳ, εἰ ἐν τὸ οἰκο εκπεπονηθῶν. And then indeed to ask you seriously not to regard my so long a silence as anything other than the love with which I now pursue you and the goodwill I bear you. For it is now some months since this young man, as he was perhaps returning with me from a reading, said that he knew a way by which I might conveniently send my letters to you. I was greatly pleased, as one who had long waited for that opportunity and had greatly tormented myself, άδεν δίον. Accordingly, although he diligently offered his service to me in this matter, somehow it has happened that only now, being in readiness, he has been able to accomplish it. How much our Scaliger admired your work I should not easily say. For he praises both the ease in writing and the care in pursuing each detail, against which we had thought no volume would be a match. Continue in this genius, continue in this judgment; and if Heinsius is to come to you, according to the law of friendship, he will not greatly trouble himself about his own unhappiness, since he will abundantly find with you whatever each day he recognizes himself to lack. Farewell, Most Illustrious Sir, and love me. Leiden, 5 November, 1635. C13. Ic. CV. EPISTLE CXLV. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANNUS. S.D. Daniel Heinsius. Rostock. We have received your letters with great pleasure concerning the marital bonds in which you are now held fast. Now I am inclined to cry out with you, Hymenæ. How should we suspend our prayers with you for the marriage-bed and for Lethe, of which the one is believed to preside over the sweetest covenant, the other over sleep. ΟΦεσμὴ ἀσπερικὴ γενηκὴ αἰφαντὸς ὑληται. Unless I knew that this whole matter was in the care of the immortal God, to whom we both trust it better. May you happily pass your life with your wife, and not less happily receive offspring who may resemble the parent not so much in face and features as in virtue and learning. You also ask for a poem, which I both have made and have omitted: one thing, because I think nothing can be denied you by me; ὑν ὑδ ἰειμις τύτω. The other, because I would be excluded by the unfavorable span of time. Receive this then: it will easily claim for itself both length and elegance, if you will allow yourself to be satisfied by goodwill, and judge not so much by the number of verses as by our love. Farewell, Most Illustrious Sir, and love us. Leiden, 1635. Ic. CVI. 25 June. Last
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 225 Ultima donarat populo Kirchmannus, & ignes Funereos, victor funeris ipse sui. Ridet & exclamat gemina cum Matre Cupido, Dii melius! flammis dignior ille meis. Dixerat, & sacram, qua commovet omnia, tædam Tollit, & audaces instruit igne manes. Hanc toties, Kirchmanne, tuos excussit in artus, Dum penitus toto pettore sedit amor. Ridet & exclamat Puero Puer alter ab illo; Et socios ignes ignibus addit Hymen. Hoc bene dum vivit gemino Kirchmannus in igne, Quam procul ipsius tertius ignis erit. EPISTOLA CXLVI. DANIEL HEINSIUS. S. D. Ioh. Kirchmanno. Rostochium, Ita diligenter aliquamdiu uni amicorum operam dedi, ut habere rationem reliquorum non potuerim. Grotius noster nuptias in Zelandia celebravit, quibus interesse me oportuit. Maxima inter nos familiaritas annos aliquot intercessit: quam auxerunt & confirmarunt ipsæ literæ, quas uterque maxima cum voluptate, etsi non eodem successu, tractamus. Accepi literas tuas, quibus Laurenbergium commendas, Medici amici tui, & collegæ filium: ipsum adolescentem, quod sciam, non vidi, neque exhibere ei potui, quæ tua causa debebam, humanitatis officia. Si ad nos denuo redierit, aut nondum discelsert, faciam ut intelligat, quantum apud me tua possit commendatio. Orationem in obitum V. C. Pauli Merulæ legi & probavi: neque eruditionem in ea tantum, sed & pietatem. Excuditur in hac urbe denuo Satira Menippea in Gasparem Schioppium, cum libello Viri illustrissimi pro gente sua, & in vanissimam Burdonum fabulam. Hoc avnd accipies a nobis, simul ac a prælo demiserint operæ. Miror neminem esse in Germania, qui in nebulonem impudentissimum aliquid moliatur: cum præsertim vobis de origine monstri & vita constet optime. Audiveramus aliquid a collega vestro Lubino parari, quem jam forte alia detinent. Velim optimo Viro me commendes ex animo, & si quis ibi vivit nostri studiosus. Qui has tibi tradet ejus est filius, quem oratione tua celebrasti: cum commendare tibi non possum, cum parentem ejus exquisitissimo elogio orbi terrarum commendaris. Vale V. Cl. & nos ama. Lugd. Bat. c13. 13. cviii. Aug. Ff EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 225 Kirchmann had given the people their last gift, and funeral fires; himself, victor over his own funeral. Cupid laughs and cries out with his twin Mother, “Gods, be better pleased! He is more worthy of my flames.” He had spoken, and lifts up the sacred torch, with which he stirs all things, and with fire equips the bold dead. So often, Kirchmann, did this dart strike your limbs, while love sat deep within your whole breast. Another Boy laughs and cries out to the Boy from him; and Hymen adds friendly fires to fires. While Kirchmann thus lives well in a double fire, how far off will his third fire be. LETTER CXLVI. DANIEL HEINSIUS. S. D. To Joh. Kirchmann. Rostock, I have for some time so diligently devoted myself to one of my friends that I have not been able to take account of the rest. Our Grotius celebrated his wedding in Zealand, and I was obliged to be present. A very close friendship has existed between us for several years; this has been increased and confirmed by letters themselves, which each of us handles with the greatest pleasure, though not with equal success. I have received your letter in which you recommend Laurenbergius, the son of your friend and colleague, the physician: I have not, so far as I know, seen the young man himself, nor have I been able to render to him those offices of courtesy which I owed on your account. If he comes back to us again, or has not yet departed, I shall see to it that he understands how much your recommendation can do with me. I have read and approved the speech on the death of the very learned Paul Merula: not only its learning, but also its piety. There is being printed again in this city the Menippean Satire against Gaspar Schioppius, together with the booklet of that most distinguished man in defense of his nation, and against the utterly foolish fable of the Burdons. You will receive this from us as soon as the printers have let it down from the press. I wonder that there is no one in Germany who undertakes something against that shameless rogue; especially since you know very well the origin of the monster and his life. We had heard that something was being prepared by your colleague Lubinus, whom perhaps other matters now detain. I should like you to commend me heartily to that excellent man, and also to anyone there who is devoted to our studies. The man who will deliver this letter to you is his son, the one whom you celebrated in your speech; I cannot commend him to you, since you are already commended to the whole world by an exceptionally fine eulogy of his father. Farewell, most distinguished sir, and love us. Leiden, Aug. 13, 1608.
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CXLVII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Daniel Heinsius. Rostochium, ÆGer hæc scribo, & a quadam febricula, quæ me pessime habet, lan- guidus, & animo dejectus. De juvene, quem nuper commendasti mi- hi, gratias tibi ago. Nam cum illi plerumque, qui commendant aliquem, iis se obstrictos & obligatos esse existiment, quibus aliquem commendant: contra me non parum tibi debere existimo, quod dum nobis amicos tuos esse commendatos optas, inter eos loco vel præcipuo ponas nos ipsos: dum vero tales, amicorum nostrorum, quos & literæ & virtus satis per se ipsa com- mendant, numerum amplifices. Quod de illo vere dici potest, qui & pro- bitate & eruditione juxta est ornatissimus. Quemadmodum autem tua no- bis commendatio, ita non dubito, quin hoc nostrum tibi testimonium gra- tum sit futurum: quod non minus me, quam illum vehementer amas. Vale Clarissime Domine, & amare nos perge. Lugd. Bat. c13. 13. c.x. IX. Feb. EPISTOLA CXLVIII. IOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Daniel Heinsius. Lubeacam, OStendit nobis, quas ad se dedisti, literas cognatus noster Muysius, quæ ut illi merito fuerunt gratæ, ita nobis nihil evenire gratius potuit, quam quod nostri etiamnum meminisse te ex iis intellexerim. Ego, quod ex ani- mo, mi Kirchinanne, sit dictum, cum ex scriptis tuis & imprimis accurato illo de funeribus libro, olim serio te æstimarim, multum postea ex commen- datione aliorum, qui insignem eruditionem tuam cum virtute incredibili con- junctam, ac candore miris sæpe apud nos extulerunt modis, ad opinionem hanc accessit, ut non raro sim miratus, cur vir tantus, eo tempore præsertim, quo chartarum neminem miseret, neque quicquam tam ineptum est, quod non in vulgus protrudatur, hactenus latere malit, quam doctissimos docere. Prodierunt nuper quædam nostra, & in iis perpetua in Aristotelis politica paraphrasis, cujus destinatum tibi tuo merito exemplar mittere hactenus non potui. Ubi nactus fuero commoditatem, dabo operam, ut fidem liberem. Vale Vir Clarissime, & amare nos perge. Lugd. Bat. An. 1622. 6. Novemb. EPISTOLA CXLIX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Daniel Heinsius. Lubeacam. MUnus tuum vere eximium de annulis accepi, pro quo nomine non uno me obstrictum tibi scire debes. Nam & ab autore eo est profectum, quem
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Most Illustrious and Most Learned. LETTER CXLVII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Daniel Heinsius. Rostock, As I write this, I am ill, and weakened and cast down in spirit by a slight fever, which is treating me very badly. I thank you for the young man whom you recently recommended to me. For whereas those who recommend someone usually think themselves bound and obliged to those to whom they recommend that person, I think that I owe you no small debt, since, while you wish our friends to be recommended to us, you place us ourselves among them, in a place, if not the first, at least a very prominent one; and at the same time you increase the number of such friends of ours as letters and virtue sufficiently commend of themselves. This can truly be said of him, who is most distinguished alike in integrity and learning. And just as your recommendation to us is welcome, so I do not doubt that this testimony of ours will be welcome to you: namely, that you love me no less than him very warmly. Farewell, Most Illustrious Sir, and continue to love us. Leiden, 13. c. x. IX. Feb. LETTER CXLVIII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Daniel Heinsius. Lübeck, Our kinsman Muysius showed us the letters which you gave him; and just as they were deservedly agreeable to him, so nothing could have happened more pleasantly to us than that I should have learned from them that you still remember us. To speak frankly, my dear Kirchmann, since from your writings, and especially from that careful book on funerals, I once seriously esteemed you, much has since been added to that opinion by the commendation of others, who have often and in wondrous ways praised among us your remarkable learning joined with incredible virtue and your candor; so that I have not seldom wondered why a man so great, especially in this age, when no one pities paper and nothing is so foolish that it is not thrust out into public, should prefer thus far to remain hidden rather than to teach the most learned. Some works of ours have recently appeared, including a continuous paraphrase of Aristotle’s Politics, of which I have not yet been able to send you the copy intended for you according to your deserts. When I have the opportunity, I shall do my best to discharge this obligation. Farewell, Most Illustrious Sir, and continue to love us. Leiden, 6 November 1622. LETTER CXLIX. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Daniel Heinsius. Lübeck. I have received your truly excellent gift concerning rings, for which you must know that I am indebted to you in no small degree. For it has come from an author whom
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 227 quem ex accuratis de funere antiquorum libris pridem admiratus sum, & in- scriptum ei, quem in terris carissimum habeo, quodque caput rei est, sic scriptum, ut cum plurima hoc tempore, vel tituli vel voluptatis causa legamus, longe doctior a lectione illius discesserim. Quare noli dubitare, quin sim in- ter eos, quos tu illud agendo plurima docere potes. Vale Vir Clarissime, & amare nos perge. Salutat te cognatus noster Muysius ad omnia exempla laudum natus adolescens. Hagæ Com. An. 1624. 20. Octob. EPISTOLA CL. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Daniel Hei[n]sius. Lubecam, NEque literis tuis quicquam nobis esse solet gratius, & hæ cur gratiores essent reliquis, peculiaris causa fuit, quod elegantis ingenii ac eruditio- nis Virum, Iohannem Frider. a Wintersfeldt nobis commendarent. Nam nec tibi se probare possunt nisi tales, nec alii magis se probare solent nobis, quam qui prius se probarant tibi. Accessit adhanc causam altera, doctum & poli- tum vere scriptum tuum, quod quanti esset faciendum, non modo olim ju- venes experti sumus, sed & aliis non semel commendavimus. Ne tu ex me quæras, quid post limam ultimam, ut vere tuam, judicem. Rutgersii si quod videre lucem possit, nihil præter Venusinas lectiones hactenus habemus, quas cum nostris in Poëtam illum observationibus, jam multo auctioribus, typographi conjungent. Bibliothecam ejus integram adhuc, & quidem conditam clausamque asservamus: tum quia ipsis nobis maxima ad manum est librorum copia: tum quia Serenissimus Rex noster de emenda ea aliquando cum defuncto egerat. Cæterum & summi Principis absentia, & continua hæc cum Polono bella obstant hactenus, quo minus eo me conferre possim, quo jam aliquot ab annis res familiaris, & defuncti rationes reliquæ me vocant. Magnam enim patrimonii partem ibi habuit, cujus me hæredem esse voluit. Calamitatem vestram, & periculum, quod jam in proximo est, doleo. Scias tamen nostra causa geri, quicquid geritur. Qui nisi magnos animos cum armis opponamus, frustra libertatem tanto hactenus successu vindicamus, quæ & nobis commendata esse debet, nisi forte obstat Numinis Divini vis, quæ fortunam nostram premit, qua indigni fuimus. Occasio- ne prima, quæ se dederit, orationes nostras, quæ nunc omnes pa- riter leguntur, ad te mittam. Exercitationes nostras sacras an videris, & de iis quid judices scire aveo. Mi Kirchmanne vale, & me ama. Lugd. Bat. 9. Ianuarii 1628. F f 2 EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 227 which I long ago admired from the careful books on funerals among the ancients, and inscribed to him whom I hold dearest on earth, and, which is the chief point, so written that, although in this age we read many things either for the sake of titles or of pleasure, I have departed from that reading far wiser. Therefore do not doubt that I am among those whom you can teach many things by doing that. Farewell, most distinguished sir, and continue to love us. Our kinsman Muysius greets you, a young man born to every example of praise. The Hague. Oct. 20, 1624. LETTER CL. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Daniel Heinsius. To Lübeck, There is nothing that is usually more pleasing to me than your letters, and if these were more pleasing than the rest, there was a special reason: they recommended to us a man of elegant genius and learning, Johann Friedrich a Wintersfeldt. For neither can such men commend themselves to you except as such, nor do others usually commend themselves to us more than those who had already commended themselves to you. Another reason was added to this, your learned and polished letter, whose worth we not only once knew in our younger days, but have also more than once recommended to others. Do not ask me what I judge of Rutgers, after the final revision, if anything of his can see the light; so far we have nothing except the Venusine readings, which the printers will now combine with our observations on that poet, now much enlarged. We still preserve his entire library, indeed locked up and sealed, both because we ourselves have at hand a very great supply of books, and because our most serene King had once discussed with the deceased the purchase of it at some future time. Moreover, both the absence of the Supreme Prince and this continual war with the Poles still prevent me from going there, though for some years now family affairs and the remaining accounts of the deceased have been calling me. For he had a large part of his patrimony there, and wished me to be his heir. I grieve for your misfortune and for the danger now close at hand. Yet know that whatever is being done is being done for our sake. Unless we oppose great spirits to arms, we shall in vain vindicate liberty with such success as hitherto, liberty which ought to be dear to us too, unless perhaps the force of the Divine Being, by which our fortune is pressed down, of which we were unworthy, stands in the way. At the first opportunity that presents itself I shall send you our speeches, which are now being read in print together. I am eager to know whether you have seen our sacred exercises and what you judge of them. Farewell, my Kirchmann, and love me. Leiden. January 9, 1628. Ff 2 EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CLI. CASPAR BARTHIUS. S. D. Ioanni Meursio. Lugdunum Batavorum, Optimum cultu erga te amorem in isto pectore, Meursi clarissime, ne puta nunc demum incipere, eum tibi cum declaro. Dudum ille nos cepit, & quidem a prima pueritia, cum scriptis tuis aureolis occæpisti nomen habere inter antiquæ doctrinæ Proceres; quis eam novit, vel ejus studiosus vere est, qui te non amet? dico quod res est, se ipsum in iis literis non novit. Nos nunc primum e tenebris gradum movemus in radiantem oculum lucis, hactenus detrusi ab ætate & penuria typographorum. Quæso ne sperne adolescentuli amicitiam, quem spes sui, genusque & fortuna nihil, nisi clarum, colere & amare, imo & imitari volunt; proximeque, (vidi enim ex tuis ad amicissimum mihi Taubmannum litteris tibi eum esse animum) nos invise, videbis, si nil aliud, in his oris pro miraculo studio- sum rei antiquæ. Molimur Petronium, & alia quæ coram narrabuntur melius. Vale & salve a candidissimo pectore. Scripsi 13. 13. CVII. XII. Martio. Witte- bergæ Saxonum. EPISTOLA CLII. CASPAR BARTHIUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Rostochium, Dudum gestienti mihi refricare tibi memoriam veteris inter nos amicitiæ, V. Cl. optatissimam occasionem dedere litteræ ad me Casauboni, quæ te traduce post aliquam multum temporis nobis redditæ. Si itaque nominis nostri memoria non penitus abolita est e pectore isto tuo antiquitatis omnis solertissimo, scire debes me ex tribus fratribus minimum natu esse, qui ante hoc decennium tecum, qui tum Fran. Witzendorphio præfectus eras, Jenæ una mensa apud Protonotarium Saxonicum usi sumus. Verum ego inscitus fortassis, qui postquam tu per varias exterorum oras pennis ingenii simul & corporis velificatus, ingentem ubique gloriam confecisti, instar noti & pristini familiaris, ut te compellare non verecunder; quicquid est, V. Cl. omnia tibi de me putando indulgere concessero, modo ne adolescentiæ nostræ octodecenni modestiam & agnatum a nobilissimis natalibus pudorem abstrahas. Cætera scito nos magnopere famæ tuæ favere, ingenium & industriam admirari, vel ob unum tuum de funeribus librum, sive tu delicias libri dicas, quas ego quidem solide tales amo & æstimo, nec moveor, quod ante hoc triennium Parisius quidam Heraldus ad Arnobium de te sinistra quædam commentari ausus est. Et ut mentem tibi meam penitus denudem, dolui hactenus Germanos nos tam patientes exterarum nationum esse, ut nec quid, nec quare, capitis bus nostris insultantes a nobis æquis animis ferendos arbitremur, ob unam scilicet
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Most learned and distinguished. Epistle 151. Caspar Barthius. S. D. To Ioannes Meursius. Lugdunum Batavorum, Do not think that the best affection toward you in this heart, most illustrious Meursius, is only now beginning when I declare it to you. Long ago it seized me, and indeed from earliest childhood, when by your golden writings you began to have a name among the leaders of ancient learning; who knows that study, or is truly devoted to it, who does not love you? I say what the matter is: a man does not know himself in those letters. We now for the first time move our step out of darkness into the radiant eye of light, hitherto thrust back by age and by lack of printers. I beg you not to scorn the friendship of a young man whom hope concerning himself, and whose birth and fortune compel only this—to cultivate and love, indeed even to imitate, what is distinguished. And soon, too—for I saw from your letters to my very dear Taubmann that such is your feeling toward him—visit us; you will see, if nothing else, a lover of antiquity, remarkable as a prodigy in these regions. We are undertaking Petronius, and other things will be better recounted in person. Farewell, and greetings from a most sincere heart. Written 13. 13. CVII. XII. March. At Wittenberg of the Saxons. Epistle 152. Caspar Barthius. S. D. To Ioannes Kirchmann. Rostock, Longing for a chance to revive for you the memory of our old friendship, most illustrious sir, the letters to me from Casaubon provided the most welcome occasion, and through your agency they were at last, after a very long time, returned to us. If, then, the memory of our name has not been wholly erased from that most knowledgeable heart of yours concerning all antiquity, you should know that I am the youngest of three brothers, who before this past decade, when you were then in charge under Fran. Witzendorphius, used to share one table with you at Jena at the house of the Saxon protonotary. Yet perhaps I am ignorant, since after you, by the wings of both intellect and body, sailed through various foreign shores and everywhere won great fame, I do not hesitate to address you as though you were an old and former acquaintance. Whatever the case, most illustrious sir, I grant you leave to think everything kindly of me, provided you do not strip away the modesty of our eighteen-year-old youth and the shame that belongs to noble birth. For the rest, know that we greatly favor your reputation, admire your talent and diligence, even for the sake of that one book of yours on funerals, or, if you prefer, those delights of the book—which I indeed love and esteem as truly such—and I am not disturbed that before this past three years a certain Herald, in Paris, dared to invent some unfavorable things about you in his work against Arnobius. And, to lay my mind completely bare to you, I have long been grieved that we Germans are so patient toward foreign nations that we think that those insulting our heads with neither what nor why should be borne by us with equanimity, merely on account of one
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 229 licet gentis prærogativam. Verum tu inficeto hoc monitore forsan non opus habes, V. Cl. tamen valde velim te homini os obturare, & Scioppius bipedum nequissimus, qui nos provocavit, ita excipietur, ut ol- lam condigna sibi olcra legisse nunquam non sis fassurus. Salve ab amica manu V. Cl. & si amicitia nostra placet, rescribe, proxime muneri Cirin Virgilii, cum Musæo, & toto Claudiano a nobis reeensitis, exspectans. Wittembergii. xxv. Iulii Anno 13.13. CVIII. Si quid rescribis recta ad Taubmannum cura. Eilhard. Lubinum, si me amas, officiosè saluta, cui antehac scripsi, literæ sint redditæ, ambigo. EPISTOLA CLIII. GOTHOFREDO JUNGERMANNO. S. D. Melchior Haminsfeldius Goldasus. Hanoviam, Spissius rescribo existimatione mea, sed spissitudinem pensabo pleniori ma- nu. Prudentium edidere, & notis singuli illustrarunt, Anton. Nebris- sensis, Des. Erasmus, Joan. Sichardus, Georg. Fabricius, & Victor Giselinius, omnes MSS. codicum opera & magisterio usi. Habui universos, sed furtivæ manus solum mihi Fabricium reliquum feererunt. Oribasianorum, præter ea, quæ dixi, nihil est editum, & fallet Brodæus, si tibi persua- dere sinis. In Sleidanum elogia non habeo ulla. Super lib. IV. Monarehia- rum exstat penes me commentarius MS. Multa habet in illis libris Sleidanus, quæ mihi videntur nulla commoda interpretatione leniri posse, nec video cur tanti factus a Meibomio, in quem commentarios pararet. ἀπεικτισιν ma- lim (quod pace tua liecat dixisse) cum Meursio scribere. Suidis meus MS. principio caret, cujus demum in απè literarum ordo integer. Quæ vero scri- ptura compositi verbi fuerit, est, ut conjicio ex ejus simplici, quo de in meo MS. ἐνιαυτήω ἐνιαυτήν πῶ ἀγαθεῖω. Quid multis? Platonem audi lib. 9. de leg. ἀπεικτιζεω πρῶς ἐνιαυτῶς. Hinc ἀπεικτισμὸς in Megali Etymologico, cujus apud me duo exstant vetustissima exemplaria, quintam partem vulgato auctiora. Quid rugasti frontem, quod dixi Megali? audi, mi Jungermanne, & docebo te rem miram. Megalus nomen est auctori Etymologici, vide fa- einus imperitorum ex conjunctione vocum, quæ disjungendæ erant. Mei MSS. constantissime scribunt, ἔπομολογικὸν ἡ Megάλα γεμμαλινὴ, quam in suo quoque reperisse Silburgiustestatur, at vim ejus non quitus est capere. Idem ait in Step. cod. fuisse ἀγχη συν Θεῶ τὴς μεγάλης γεμμαλινὴς, quæ scriptura, si vera est, sine dubio ab interpretibus fuit præposita. Quid si fuit τὴς Megάλα γεμμαλινὴς? Rectum fuisse easum non μέγας, sed μέγαλον ** in μεγάλον jun- cto verbo ** utroque loco disces Megalum sive Megallum fuisse nomen pro- prium. Sed de eis aliquando publice. Tu nune meo periculo Megalum in Etymo- logico, MSS. auctoritate fretus, porro laudabis. Sed ad institutum. Ego si quis contendat ἀπεικτιζη & ἀπεικτην veteres vario inflexu dixisse, non magno- pere E f 3
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LETTERS OF MEN. 229 although it may claim a prerogative of the nation. But perhaps you have no need of this clumsy admonisher; still, Most Learned Sir, I would very much like you to shut the fellow’s mouth, and Scioppius, the vilest of bipeds, who challenged us, will be received in such a way that you will never not confess he has gathered a broth worthy of himself. Farewell from an affectionate hand, Most Learned Sir, and, if our friendship pleases you, write back; expecting in the next gift the Ciris of Virgil, together with Musaeus and the whole of Claudian, recently collated by us. Wittenberg, July 25, in the year 13.13. CVIII. If you reply, send it directly to Taubmann. Salute Eilhard Lubinus courteously for my sake, if you love me; I am uncertain whether the letters I wrote to him before were returned. LETTER CLIII. TO GOTHOFRED JUNGERMANNUS. Greetings. Melchior Haminsfeldius Goldasus. Hanover, I am writing somewhat fully according to my estimate, but I shall weigh the fullness with a fuller hand. The Prudentii were edited, and each was illustrated with notes by Anton. Nebrissensis, Des. Erasmus, Joan. Sichardus, Georg. Fabricius, and Victor Giselinus, all using the labor and skill of MSS. codices. I had them all, but a thief’s hand has left me only Fabricius. As for the Oribasiani, apart from what I have said, nothing has been published, and Brodæus will be mistaken if you allow yourself to be persuaded. I have no commendations at all on Sleidan. On book IV of the Monarchies there exists in my possession a manuscript commentary. Sleidan has many things in those books which seem to me incapable of being softened by any suitable interpretation, nor do I see why he was so highly regarded by Meibomius, for whom he was preparing commentaries. I would rather write ἀπεικτισιν (if I may say so with your permission) with Meursius. My manuscript of the Suidas lacks the beginning; only from the letter ἀ are the letters in their full order preserved. But the form of the compounded word was, as I conjecture from its simple form, what in my manuscript is ἐνιαυτήω ἐνιαυτήν πῶ ἀγαθεῖω. Why use many words? Hear Plato, book 9 of the Laws: ἀπεικτιζεω πρῶς ἐνιαυτῶς. Hence ἀπεικτισμὸς in the Great Etymological, of which I have two very ancient copies, richer by a fifth than the printed text. Why did you frown when I said “Great”? Listen, my dear Jungermann, and I will teach you something remarkable. Megalus is the author’s name of the Etymologicum; see the error of the ignorant arising from the joining together of words that ought to have been separated. My manuscripts most consistently write, ἔπομολογικὸν ἡ Megάλα γεμμαλινὴ, which Silburgius testifies he also found in his copy, though he is unable to grasp its force. He also says that in a Stephani codex there was ἀγχη συν Θεῶ τὴς μεγάλης γεμμαλινὴς, which reading, if true, was doubtless placed there by the commentators. But what if it was τῆς Megάλα γεμμαλινὴς? You will learn that the case was rightly not μέγας, but μέγαλον ** in the compounded word μέγαλον ** in both places, so that Megalus or Megallus was a proper name. But more of this another time, in public. For now, on my authority, supported by the manuscripts, you will further cite Megalus in the Etymologicum. But to return to the subject. If anyone should argue that the ancients used ἀπεικτιζη and ἀπεικτην in varying inflections, not greatly E f 3
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pere velim refragari, præsertim cum non temere exempla abundant, quibus apud Platonem persuadeamur rescribendum: Vale, hisce interim contentus. Francofordiæ III. Non. Sextil. A. C. N. CIC. LC. CVII. EPISTOLA CLIV. GOTHOFREDO JUNGERMANNO. S. D. Melchior Haiminsfeldius Goldætus. Hanoviam, DE Apulejanis, non est ut me cupere existimes, quod nefas esse intelli- gam. Iuste ab justo justa impetrare æquum est, nam injusta ab justo pe- tere non par esse arbitror Prudentiana lectio non est nauci. Meliores codd. cum MSS. meis habent: Mater morte sua non sexu fertilis. Leviter distin- xerim sensus causa; Morte sua, non sexu, fertilis. Sexus in eo est, quo ma- res aut foeminæ sunt. Atque hic nullus in viperis, non penis mari, nec vulva foeminæ. Hæc fertilis est, id est parit, non vulvæ seu locorum apertione, sed eroso a catulis ventre, unde mors. Ita quidem Prudentius cum veteribus sensit. Quod hodie aliter se habere, Medicorum filii e Polyhistore tradunt. Oribasianorum libri Tomis XVII. Latine impressi Parisiis An. 55. in librariis videntur. Tu vero ulteriores habes. Operæ esse audio, ut describantur. Et inibis ma- gnam a Stercicoris gratiam. Certum enim est vel tua causa etiam illa inquisita non amittere. Cetera : vinces. Vellem ut velles, & ingenia nostra exer- ceremus hujuscemodi . Quo studiorum genere nihil utilius, nihil ad doctrinam ituris divinius. Vale: & amorem tuum persevera. Francof. pridie S. Viti. A. C. N. CIC. DC. VII. EPISTOLA CLV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. H. Giphanius. Altorfium, Mirabar initio tuum silentium, prius enim ex Genderi literis, quam ex tuis, quid Noribergæ meo nomine egeris, cognovi. Quod nisi postea tuas Altorphio accepissem, jam te in Patriam putarem rediisse. Binas autem acce- pi: ex quibus video te libenter istic esse, neque id injuria. Habet enim lo- cus ille multos egregie doctos, omni que humanitate politos viros: quorum consuetudine captum te diutius ibi consistere non miror. Et quando autem istuc redibunt amici illi nostri Rittershusius & Gentilis? tu quoque an brevi domum reverti constitueris scire velim. Delector hac licet ætate multum libris Cic. de officiis. Sed in iis non pauca reperio perobscura, vel ad explicandum difficilia, in quibus unum aut alterum locum adscribere hic volui, ut & tuum de his judicium cognoscam, & quasi argumentum epistolæ tibi præbeam. lib. 3. ubi de testamento Basili: Hunc dico Patronum agri Piceni et Sabini. Quis quæso patronus, quod ejus nomen? Lib. 1. ubi de Catonis filio, scribit cum in
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I would prefer not to disagree, especially since examples are abundant and not rashly, by which we are persuaded that something should be emended in Plato. Farewell, meanwhile content with these things. Frankfurt, the 3rd day before the Nones of Sextilis, A.D. 1607. EPISTLE CLIV. TO GOTHOFRED JUNGERMANN. GREETINGS. Melchior Haiminsfeldius Goldæus. Hanover, CONCERNING the Apuleian matters, do not suppose that I am eager for it, since I understand that it would be impious. It is right for the just to obtain just things from the just; for I think it not fitting to seek unjust things from the just. The reading of Prudentius is not to be slighted. Better manuscripts, together with my own MSS., have: Mother fruitful by her death, not by sex. I would lightly punctuate for the sake of the sense: By her death, not by sex, fruitful. Sex consists in that by which males or females are such. And here there is none in vipers, neither in the male organ of the sea, nor in the womb of the female. This one is fruitful, that is, she brings forth, not by the opening of the womb or parts, but by the belly gnawed through by the young, whence death. So indeed Prudentius thought together with the ancients. That things today are otherwise, the sons of physicians relate from the Polyhistor. The books of Oribasius, seventeen volumes, printed in Latin at Paris in the year 55, seem to be in the bookshops. But you have the later ones. I hear that efforts are being made for them to be copied. And you will earn a great favor from Stercicorus. For it is certain that even for your sake those things, once sought out, will not be lost. As for the rest: you will prevail. I wish that you would wish it too, and that we might exercise our minds in such matters. There is nothing more useful than this kind of study, nothing more divine for those who are going on to learning. Farewell; and continue your affection. Frankfurt, the day before St. Vitus’ Day, A.D. 1607. EPISTLE CLV. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. GREETINGS. H. Giphanius. Altdorf, At first I wondered at your silence, for I learned what you had done at Nuremberg in my name sooner from Gender’s letters than from yours. If I had not afterward received your letters from Altdorf, I should already have thought that you had returned to your homeland. I have received two letters, from which I see that you are gladly staying there, and not without reason. For that place has many men outstandingly learned and polished in every kind of human culture; I do not wonder that, captivated by their company, you remain there longer. And when will those friends of ours, Rittershusius and Gentilis, return there? I should also like to know whether you too have decided to come home soon. Although I am advanced in years, I take great delight in Cicero’s books On Duties. But in them I find not a few passages very obscure, or difficult to explain, and I wanted here to transcribe one or two places, both that I might know your judgment on them, and as it were provide you with the matter for a letter. Book 3, where he speaks of Basil’s will: “I call this man patron of the Picene and Sabine land.” I ask, who is this patron, and what is his name? Book 1, where he writes concerning Cato’s son, when in
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 231 in exercitu Popillii fuisse, atqui bellum illud Persicum non a Popillio, sed a Consule Paulo Æmilio gestum fuit, an igitur hic Ciceronis? tu explicabis & valebis. D. Scherbio a me salutem, & hoc amplius, ut ad meas rescribat. Praga. 17. Novembr. EPISTOLA CLX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittersbusius. Argentinam, BEGAGAPOMAS εγονιον ἐν Βαγαροις. Liceat enim mihi ad te post longa silentia scribenti fateri, quod res est, me dum in barbaris quibusdam scriptoribus volutor, & in aliis quibusdam negotiis tractandis verbor, pene barbarum & factum tardius, & brevius ad juvenem elegantissimum rescribere, dum mihi desit, quod ternis, ni fallor, literis tuis omni refertis eruditione elegantiaque respondeam. Quærebas ex me solutionem quarundam in tractatione argumenti tui de funeribus tibi occurrentium. Ego vero dum jus feudale tracto, & alia quædam consimilia, tam diu & longe absum ab humanioribus studiis, ut fere omnium desuetudinem contraxerim, & vix videam, qui possim cum Musis in gratiam redire. Et ut assiduus essem in his studiis, in quibus tu excellis, tamen quantum meminisse possum (neque enim ad manum sunt omnes tuæ literæ) ejusmodi erant tua, quibus alio opus esse Oedipo videatur, quam Rittershusio, qui se parum supra vulgus in illis rebusvidere & sapere ingenue fatetur. Mene tu, mi Kirchmanne, Sphingem domi habere putas, ut tibi interpreter ista ænigmata, tot viris doctissimis & sagacissimis aut ignorata, aut certe non explicata? Ego unde fluxerit ritus ille supra genua tollendi exstinctum, quidve sibi voluerit, juxta cum ignorissimis scio. Nebulæ quoque mihi erant primo legenti ea, quæ de Pontifice scribebas, nunc etiam vix memini, quid fuerit, quod de eo quæsivisti: nam ex literæ nunc se inveniri non patiuntur. Neque vero te hæc talia ab editione reliqui operis maturanda deterrere debent, utut omnia exputare statim non possis. Satis erit interdum, si aliis ansam, dederis cogitandi. Quædam etiam relinquere debebis. Non deerunt qui te moneant, qui doceant, ubi specimen foras dederis. Apellem nosti, hunc imitare, & proposita publice egregii operis tabella explora hominum judicia. Hæc ergo pro meo in te amore, proque studio famæ & honoris tui, cui te parest non deesse. Quod ajebas te exacto illo biennio, quod addixisti D. Witzendorphio, velle nos quoque visere, & si tibi honestus in Academia locus contingere possit, etiam commorari & habitare nobiscum: libenter ubi eo ventum erit adjutabo, quicquid potero. Christophoro Colero succedet Bremanus quidam Albertus Clapmarius, diligenter, ut nihil supra, commendatus Scholarchis & Acad. nostræ a Landgravio Mauricio, de quo alias plura. D. Giphanins in Aulam Cæsaris se contulit; & Praga his diebus ad me humanissime scripsit. Malam gratiam utrique nostrum rependit Schioppius,
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Letters of Famous Men. 231 He was in Popillius’ army; but that Persian war was not conducted by Popillius, but by the consul Paulus Aemilius. So is this one then Cicero’s? You will explain it and prosper. Give my regards to D. Scherbius, and this more, that he write back to my letters. Prague, 17 November. Letter CLX. To JOHANN KIRCHMANN. Greetings. Conrad Rittersbusius. To Strasbourg, Begagapomas εγονιον ἐν Βαγαροις. For let me, writing to you after a long silence, confess what is the truth: while I am occupied with certain barbarous writers, and taken up with handling certain other matters, I have become almost barbarous myself and write back to so most elegant a young man more slowly and more briefly, since I lack what, if I am not mistaken, should answer your three letters, all full of learning and elegance. You were asking me for an explanation of certain things that occurred to you in your treatment of your subject concerning funerals. But while I am dealing with feudal law and certain similar matters, I am so long and so far removed from more humane studies that I have almost fallen out of all practice, and can scarcely see how I may come back into the good graces of the Muses. And even if I were assiduous in those studies in which you excel, yet so far as I can remember — for I do not have all your letters at hand — your questions were of such a kind that they seem to require someone else as Oedipus, rather than Rittersbusius, who frankly confesses that in such matters he sees and knows himself to be somewhat above the common crowd only in a small degree. Do you, my dear Kirchmann, suppose that I keep a Sphinx at home, so that I may interpret for you those riddles, ignored by so many learned and keen men, or at least not yet explained? I know, just like the most ignorant, where that custom of lifting the dead above the knees originated, and what it intended. Even the things you wrote about the Pontiff were at first clouded to me as I read them; now I hardly remember what it was you asked about him, for from the letter itself they will not now allow it to be discovered. Nor should such matters deter you from hastening the publication of the rest of the work, even if you cannot at once unfold everything. It will be enough sometimes if you have given others a spur to think. You will have to leave some things unresolved as well. There will be no lack of people to warn you, to instruct you, once you have shown a specimen to the public. You know Apelles: imitate him, and by publicly displaying the tablet of an excellent work, test men’s judgments. These remarks, then, are made out of my love for you and out of concern for your reputation and honor, to which it is fitting that you should not be indifferent. As for what you said, that after that completed two-year term which you had committed to D. Witzendorph you wished to visit us too, and if an honorable place should be available to you in the Academy, even to stay and live with us: I shall gladly help you there in whatever way I can when the time comes. Christoph Coler will be succeeded by a certain Albert Clapmarius of Bremen, recommended with extraordinary diligence, by no means less, to the scholarchs and to our Academy by Landgrave Maurice; more on him elsewhere. D. Giphanius has gone to the Emperor’s court, and in these days has written to me most kindly from Prague. Schioppius has repaid both of us with ill grace,
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232 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. pius, qui famæ suæ primordia nobis, invidia fatente, debet. Longa est fabula, ut mecum ex quo Romam commigravit, agere coeperit. Non dubito, quin aliquid jam inaudieris. Si tibi notitia est cum D. Bongarsio (debet autem omnino esse) ab illo licetpetas nostrum apologeticum, quem calumniosæ & criminosæ epistolæ Schioppii opposui. Late sparsa est illius & Ingolstada & alia editio, nec paucos etiam cordatos mihiq[ue] amicos perturbant ipsius criminationes. Ea res me impulit ad mei defensionem, quanquam non tam meus, quam Dei & veritatis honor in hac causa agitur, mihiq[ue] fuit propositus. B. V. 12. Iunii A. CIC. DC. EPISTOLA CLVII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Ritter'sbusius. Argentinam, ITa est, eruditiss. Kirchmanne; Recepituo beneficio Q. Calabrum meum: I quem auctorem utinam tandem ab se emendatum illustratumque ederet Rhodomanus noster! De tuo in illam Academiam adventu gratulor tibi & Nobi- lissimo discipulo tuo, optoque ut sit vestris studiis quam opportunissimus, utque cum cæteras meditationes tuas ibi perficere possis, tum maxime de Fu- neribus, argumentum copiosum & tua diligentia atque cura dignum. Quid autem ego ad id conferre possim, quod non abs te ante prævisum & annota- tum sit uberrimeque ac felicissime explicatum? De loco Serviano quod scire cupis, idem tecum sentio, non fuisse statum ac perpetuum quod ibi scribit Grammaticus eruditiss. cujus novam editionem Parisinam nuper mihi donavit clariss. Bongarsius. In ritibus antiquis annotandis, non dubito, quin ultro non nunquam conferas eos cum iis, quæ in vulgo quoque nostro remanent: quale est quod, cum sæpissime antehac, nunc in funere viduæ avunculi mei carissimi, his ipsis diebus a pueris pariter & puellis factitari vidi, ut scilicet ter injecto pulvere in sarcophagum jamjam terra contegendum abeant. Solent etiam, ubi quis in conclavi animam exhalavit, fenestram aperire: quasi exitum dent animæ ad superos evolaturæ, & periculum sit, ne alioquin illa spiritualis natura egredi non possit. Hujus moris tu fortasse quid simile in tuis collectaneis observasti in paganismo. Mihi nihil succurrit. Et sum alias jam animi æger & oblivio- sus. Quod si mihi integer xvi sanguis foret, tentassem aliquod Epigramma scribere in tuum illud opus. Nunc a languente & ægro animo hos male na- tos accipe versiculos: & vale. Funereos ritus, prisca et solemnia mortis Dum tu vivaci condis, Kirchmanne, papyro, Et veterum illustras nitida face plurima scripta, Ipsa tibi æternam reparabunt funera vitam, Effugiensque rogos ardentes inclyta fama, In Sophia regno plaudet fulgentibus alis. Altorphii xxII. Novemb. EPI-
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232 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. pious man, who owes to us, though envy admits it, the beginnings of his fame. It would be a long story if I were to tell how, since he moved to Rome, he began to act with me. I do not doubt that you have already heard something about it. If you are acquainted with D. Bongarsius (and you certainly ought to be), you may ask him for our apology, which I put forward against Schioppius’s slanderous and criminal letter. His attack has been widely circulated, and there is also another edition at Ingolstadt; his accusations disturb not a few sensible men and friends of mine as well. This matter moved me to defend myself, although in this cause it is not so much my own honor as that of God and truth that is at stake, and that is what I had in view. B.V. 12 June A. 1600. LETTER CLVII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Conrad Rittershusius. Strasbourg, It is so, most learned Kirchmann; I have received with gratitude my Q. Calaber: I wish that our Rhodomannus would at last publish that author, corrected and illuminated by him! I congratulate you and your most noble disciple on your arrival at that Academy, and I wish that it may be as favorable as possible for your studies, so that there you may complete your other meditations, and above all those on Funerals, a subject abundant in material and worthy of your diligence and care. But what could I contribute to that, when everything has already been foreseen and noted by you beforehand, and explained most abundantly and successfully? As for the Servian passage about which you wish to know, I agree with you that it was not a fixed and permanent custom, as that most learned grammarian writes there, whose new Paris edition the illustrious Bongarsius recently gave me. In noting ancient rites, I do not doubt that you will from time to time compare them with those that remain among our own people as well: such as the custom whereby, as I have often seen done before, now too at the funeral of my dearest uncle’s widow, in these very days, boys and girls together were doing it, namely that after powder has been cast three times into the sarcophagus, which is now to be covered with earth, they depart. They also usually, when someone has breathed his last in the chamber, open the window: as if they were giving the soul a way out to fly to the heavens, and as if there were a danger that otherwise that spiritual nature could not depart. Perhaps you have observed something like this custom in your own notes concerning paganism. Nothing occurs to me. And besides, I am already weary in mind and forgetful. If I still had my full vigor, I should have attempted to write some epigram on your work. Now, from a languishing and ailing mind, accept these ill-born verses; and farewell. While you, Kirchmann, enshrine funeral rites, the ancient and solemn customs of death, in lively pages, and with bright light illuminate many writings of the ancients, the funerals themselves shall restore eternal life to you; and, escaping the blazing pyres, your illustrious fame shall rejoice with shining wings in the realm of Sophia. Altorf, 22 Nov. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 233 EPISTOLA CLXII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittershusius. ITa vivam & valeam, mi Kirchmanne (familiarius te jam, ut propiorem mihi factum alloquor), ut gratus mihi est adventus tuus, & ut ipso die he- sterno de eodem mihi incidit cogitatio, submiranti moram tuam. Literæ namque tuæ maturiorem polliceri videbantur. Gratulor itaque toto pectore, quod salvus ad nos veneris, mihique diu optatissimam occasionem præbueris tui alloquendi, & literis hactenus contractam fotamque amicitiam firmandi vi- vis colloquiis. Illud mihi hic per molestum accidit, quod in eundem diem & amicissimi capitis adventus, & nuntius de obitu amicissimi mei inciderit. Quid quæris? mi Dn. Kirchmanne: aut quid ego te moror? quin rem elo- quar ut est? Paterjneus, optimus & doctus senex, vixit: eique ultimum in his terris diem fuisse IX. Augusti, hodie primum hora IX. ex sororiorum & affini- um literis cognovi. Ita in eum datus sum mærorem & languorem, quem fa- cile tute conjicere potes. Certe oculos pene perdidilacrumando. Nec adhuc per hoc proximum triduum satis recte valebat caput infestatum catharro. In- telligisne, vir humanissime & cordatissime, quid me domi detineat, quo mi- nus ad te complectendum advolem? quid prohibeat tecum in diversorio coe- nare? equidem me ipsum impietatis damnarem, si tam mihi funesto die ad convivium ullum irem; ut taceam quod non possim me honeste hominibus ostendere, cum istis fletu turgentibus oculis, sed necdum siccis. Excusa- tum igitur tali hoc suo tempore habebis Rittershusium tuum. Gratissima ta- men fuit invitatio, nec minus gratum feceris, si me domi meæ convenire, & alloqui dignatus fueris. Experiar quam vere dictum sit illud: eis εἰνος Φωτος ιμελιωι γλυκοῦ. Vale feliciter, & interim, hanc Coleri mei re- centem epistolam percurre. x. Aug. Anno M. D. cII. EPISTOLA CLXIII. CONRADUS RITTERSHUSIUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Rostochium, ET quas Lubecæ dederas VIII. Maji, & quas Lunæburgi idibus Junii, recte accepi, mi Cariss. & Opt. Kirchmanne. In illis beasti me utroque nuntio, & quod Funeribus tuis tandem extremam manum imponere cogites, & quod spes tibi facta sit notarum Ciceronianarum J. Gulielmi civis tui. Cre- de mihi & a Funeribus tuis æterna te manet gloria, & Notarum illarum editio neminem magis quam te decet. Itaque feliciter & hoc & illud. De Amæbæis nostris ad Ausonium Epistolis quid quæris? Iuvenilis ille labor, & pridem mi- hi in derelictis habitus seu quisquilliis, nescio quo casu tamen factum, ut in Gg ædibus
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LETTERS OF MEN. 233 LETTER CLXII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Conrad Rittershusius. So may I live and fare well, my Kirchmann—for now I address you more familiarly, as one made nearer to me—that your arrival is most welcome to me, and that even yesterday the thought of it came to me, while I was wondering at your delay. For your letters seemed to promise an earlier coming. I therefore rejoice with my whole heart that you have arrived safely among us, and that you have long afforded me the most desired opportunity of speaking with you and of strengthening by living conversation the friendship heretofore contracted and cherished by letters. One thing here has been very troublesome to me: that on the same day there fell both the arrival of a most dear friend and the news of the death of one most dear to me. What do you ask? My dear Mr. Kirchmann, or why should I delay you? Why not speak the matter as it is? My father-in-law, that most excellent and learned old man, has lived his life; and today for the first time, at the ninth hour, I learned from the letters of my sisters and relatives that his last day on this earth was the ninth of August. I have thus been cast into such grief and weakness as you can readily imagine. Indeed I have almost lost my eyes from weeping. Nor yet, during these last three days, has my head, afflicted with a catarrh, been well enough. Do you understand, most humane and most sensible man, what keeps me at home, so that I cannot fly to embrace you? what prevents me from dining with you at the inn? Indeed I should condemn myself of impiety if I were to go to any banquet on so fatal a day to me; to say nothing of the fact that I cannot properly show myself among men with those eyes swollen from weeping, and not yet dried. You will therefore have your Rittershusius excused at this time. Nevertheless your invitation was most welcome, and you will do no less to my liking if you deign to call on me at my house and speak with me. I shall try whether that saying be truly spoken: “... one sweet token of love.” Farewell happily, and in the meantime run through this recent letter of my Colerus. 10 August, 1602. LETTER CLXIII. CONRAD RITTERSHUSIUS. S. D. To Johann Kirchmann. Rostock, And those which you sent at Lübeck on the eighth of May, and those at Lüneburg on the Ides of June, I have received properly, my dearest and best Kirchmann. In them you made me happy with both pieces of news: both that you are at last thinking of putting the finishing hand to your Funerals, and that hope has been given you of the notes on Cicero by J. Wilhelm, your fellow citizen. Believe me, both immortal glory awaits you from your Funerals, and the publication of those Notes is more fitting for no one than for you. So may you prosper in this and in that. As for our Amœbæan letters to Ausonius, what do you ask? That youthful labor, and long since among my discarded things, or, if you like, among my trifles, somehow or other it has yet happened that in the house of the Gg
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. adibus paternis reliquerim, cum quidem mecum huc asportare cogitarem. Sed facilis earum jactura. De Colero quod quærebas, is Pragæ prensat: Ajunt eum familiarem esse D. Petschio: nec desunt, qui metuunt . Abque hoc enim difficile esse perhibent conseqvea, quæ ipse ambit. Ego dum res ita dubia est, literas cum eo non commuto, tametsi me semel atque iterum tentavit. Hoeschelius cum jamjam sese accingeret editioni Procopii Græci tam- diu expectatæ, nuncium accepit ex Belgio, in eodem denique esse Bonau. Vulcanium. Itaque huic indignabundus, qui nihil præmonuerit, de subito con- silium mutavit, & ad Origenis libros contra Celsum Græce edendos studium suum transtulit. In his jam credo currit prælum Augustanum. Calanbonus hac æstate scripsit D. Scipioni, & me salutatum in eisdem literis provocat ad scribendum: negat enim se accepisse, quam Francofurto ad eum scripseram non indiligenter, quod equidem permoleste sero. Venio ad alteras tuas, & his quoque vicem reddo. Paraclesin modo tibi redditam, teque dolorem nostrum doluisse, gratum mihi. Migrationem tuam Rostochianam tibi feliciter evenire opto precorque, & unam mecum affinis Queccius, & uxor mea & Piccardus, quanquam te nou solum viciniorem nobis, sed & incorporatum, ut sic loquar, esse multo mallemus. Sed nondum omnium dierum vespera venit. De honoribus veteris amici & domestici G. Schumacheri gratissimum mihi fecisti indicium. Itaque jam ei gratulor honestissimum illum locum scriptis ad ipsum literis. Augustæ historiæ scriptores cum commentariis nemo nostrum ad hunc usque diem vidit, quamvis diligenter inquisiverimus per tabernas librarias urbis N. Itaque a me non posse tibi loci illius descriptione, quem desideras, gratificari. Cras tamen Deodante in urbem cogito, & magis magisque inquiram, si alicunde expiscatus fuero. Pittacium huic epistolæ inseram, vel addam. Mihi de Antoninorum illislegibus acerrimis nondum liquet. Sed neque nostro Gentili, quem consului frustra. Ubi quid excogitaverimus, communicabitur tecum. Interea perge feliciter in editione Funerum. Multo mallem, te imprimendum dare opus Antonio Gulielmo Hanoviensi typographo (qui meas partitiones feudarias (si vidisti) excudit) quam Wecheliano Claudio, cujus miræ sunt fordes, quas in consiliis nostris expertus sum. Adde quod & elegantia typorum, & distrahendi industria Hanovianus nihil cedit Claudio. Si in illum inclinas, facile efficiam, ut bonis conditionibus recipiat imprimendum opus, dum ex te intelligam & voluntatem tuam, & quid ab eo petas; an exemplaribus xxx. aut circiter consentus sis futurus, an aliquid nummorum insuper, & quantum dari tibi postules. Rescribe igitur quamprimum. Constitueram omnino jam etiam ad Dn. Witzendorfium scribere per hanc occasionem; sed video me tempore excludi. Itaque excusabis me, & officiosè ipsi meis verbis salutem dices. Vale & salve. Iam fortasse vobiscum D. D. Hubnerus fuit, aut brevi erit. Deus & illum ad nos salvum reducat propediem, & te servet cum D. Francisco Witzendorfio cara mihi capita. Iterum atque iterum vale. Altorfii die 20. Iulii 1603. Rectu-
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Most clear and most learned. I would have left them behind in my paternal home, though I had thought of bringing them here with me. But their loss is easy enough to bear. As for Colerus, whom you asked about, he is in Prague, making connections. They say he is on familiar terms with D. Petsch; and there are no lacking those who are afraid. For without this, they say, it would be difficult for him to obtain the consequences he is seeking. As long as the matter is so uncertain, I do not exchange letters with him, although he has tried me once and again. Hoeschelius, just as he was about to set himself to the long-expected edition of the Greek Procopius, received news from Belgium that, after all, Bonav. Vulcanius was in the same place. So, angrily at being given no warning, he suddenly changed his plan and transferred his efforts to editing the Greek books of Origen against Celsus. I believe the Augsburg press is already at work on these. Calanbonus wrote this summer to D. Scipio, and in the same letter he urges me to write to him and sends greetings: for he says he has not received the letter I wrote to him from Frankfurt, though I did not write carelessly, which I confess vexes me greatly and with too much delay. I come to your second letter, and I return the compliment in this as well. I am pleased that the Paraclesis has just been returned to you, and that you have felt our sorrow. I wish and pray that your move to Rostock may turn out happily for you; my brother-in-law Queccius, my wife, and Piccardus join me in this wish, though we would much prefer that you were not only nearer to us, but, if I may so speak, incorporated with us. But not yet has the evening of all days come. You have given me the most welcome notice of the honors of our old friend and household companion G. Schumacher. Accordingly I already congratulate him in letters written to him on that most honorable position. No one among us has seen the writers of the history of Augsburg with the commentaries, although we have inquired diligently through the bookshops of the city of N. Therefore I cannot gratify you by a description of that place, which you desire. Tomorrow, however, I am thinking of going into the city with Deodantus, and I shall inquire more and more, if I can fish something up from somewhere. I shall insert a note in this letter, or add one. As to those severe laws of the Antonines, the matter is not yet clear to me. Nor is it clear to our Gentilis, whom I consulted in vain. Whatever we devise will be communicated to you. Meanwhile, continue happily with the edition of the Funerals. I would much rather that you give the work to be printed to the Augsburg printer Antonius Gulielmus of Hanover (who printed my feudal partitions, if you have seen them), than to the Wechelian Claudius, whose extraordinary stinginess I have experienced in our arrangements. Add to this that in both the elegance of his type and his diligence in distribution the Hanover man yields nothing to Claudius. If you incline toward him, I shall easily arrange that he accept the work to be printed on good terms, as soon as I know from you both your wishes and what you ask of him; whether you will agree to about thirty copies, or whether you would ask that some money be added, and how much. So write back as soon as possible. I had altogether intended now also to write to Dn. Witzendorf on this occasion; but I see that I am prevented by lack of time. So you will excuse me, and you will kindly give him my greetings in my name. Farewell and greetings. By now D. D. Hubner may perhaps have been with you, or will be shortly. May God bring him safely back to us soon, and preserve you with D. Francisco Witzendorf, dear heads to me. Farewell again and again. Altdorf, 20 July 1603. Rectu-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 235 Recturam resignavi nuper ac tradidi D. Nic. Taurello volentibus licet Scholarchis, ut paterer mihi prorogari magistratum in annum sequentem. EPISTOLA CLXIV. IOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittersbusius. Rostochium, Tuas, Doctissime & amicissime Dn. Kirchmanne, superioribus diebus recte accepi, ex iisque libenter cognovi de editione Funerum. Itaque hanc propediem ex Frobeniana expectabimus, cujus typi satis sunt nitidi, nec concedunt quicquam Wechelianis. Mitto tibi jam pridem destinata duo capita sacris lectionibus ex meis descripta, si forte in calce operis tui placeat ea adjicere, honoris mei ergo potius, quam tui, & ut hac ratione sacrarum lectionum nostrarum desiderium in animis lectorum excitetur. Sed hoc tui esto arbitrii. De pestilentia, quæ apud vos, & magis etiam Rostochii grassetur, quod addidisti, profecto me & quotquot hic tui amantes reliquisti, non parum terrusti hoc nuntio. Nam ut, Res est solliciti plena timoris amor, Metuimus tibi: Bene tamen sperare nos jubet respectus & consideratio Bonitatis Divinæ, cujus dulcissima descriptio in Psalmo xc. & xci. continetur, ut alia sacrarum literarum loca tibi notissima nunc præteream. Horum meditatione animum tuum eriges in his contagionibus. Jubeo etiam te pro amicitia nostra utriusque illius psalmi paraphrasin metricam conficere, quam aliquando abs te exigam. Vides quam sum morosus. Non aliter decet, nec te penitebit paruisse. Hubnerus noster sæi a περοσηριαν ἰγναληθει υληστοῦ , affirmat se & Rostochi & Lubecæ de te quæsisse, sed frustra: nec enim potuisse indagare, ubi esses. Rediit ad nos bene sanus, & pinguiusculus, seu habitior, quam dimiseramus. Etiam Mich. Virdungus ad nos rediit, nostroque convictu iterum utitur, sæpe tui, sæpe D. Witzendorfii amica & honorifica inter nos mentio est, nihilque mallemus, quam te hujus Collegii sive sæpitudine habeti socium: si fata sincerent. Dn. Hubneri literas his inclusas habe. Clapmarius de arcanis rerump. dabit vi. libros, ut ex Catalogo librorum Francofurtensi proximo videre potuisti; omnium animos crexit in exspectationem tanti operis. Ipse indies fit insolentior omnibus in rebus, brevique adeo vix se ipsum noverit aut pedes suos. D. Hubnerus in gratiam quorundam studiosorum Pandectas privatim, sed breviter percurrit. Ego differentias juris civilis & Pontificii colligo & explico, auditoribus meis. Cæteri Professores etiam recte valent, nisi quod D. Scerbii articularis morbus antiquum obtinet. Is tamen nuper in auditorium publicum descendit, & Polono cuidam de Analyticis disputanti præfuit. Habes de nobis, quæ succurrebant. A te crebras expectabo, ut sine metuimus. V. Altorfii III. Novemb. C13. 15. C111. P. S. Clariss. virum Dn. D. Theodorum a Sendem civem tuum officiose meis Gg 2 verbis
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LETTERS OF MEN. 235 I recently resigned the rectorship and handed it over to Mr. Nic. Taurellus, to the satisfaction of the Scholarchs, so that I might allow the magistracy to be extended for me for the coming year. LETTER CLXIV. TO IOANNI KIRCHMANN. S. D. Conradus Rittersbusius. Rostock, Your letters, most learned and most friendly Mr. Kirchmann, I received properly some days ago, and from them I gladly learned of the publication of the Funerals. Accordingly we shall shortly await this from the Frobenian press, whose type is quite handsome and уступes nothing to the Wechelian. I am sending you the two chapters long ago intended, copied from my sacred readings, in case perhaps you may wish to add them at the end of your work, more for the sake of my honor than of yours, and so that in this way a desire for our sacred readings may be stirred up in the minds of readers. But let this be at your discretion. What you added about the plague, which is raging among you and even more so at Rostock, certainly frightened not a little me and all who are still here and remain lovers of yours, with this news. For as Love is a thing full of anxious fear, so we fear for you. Yet the consideration and contemplation of the divine Goodness, whose sweetest description is contained in Psalms 90 and 91, bids us hope well; I pass over other places in Holy Scripture that are very well known to you. By meditation on these you will lift up your mind in these contagions. I also bid you, for the sake of our friendship, compose a metrical paraphrase of both those psalms, which I shall sometime exact from you. You see how exacting I am. But it is only right, and you will not regret having complied. Our Huebner says sæi a περοσηριαν ἰγναληθει υληστοῦ , and affirms that he inquired for you both at Rostock and at Lübeck, but in vain; for he could not discover where you were. He has returned to us in good health, and rather plump, or in better condition, than when we sent him away. Michael Virdungus has also returned to us and is again making use of our company; often mention is made among us of you, often of Mr. Witzendorf, in friendly and honorable terms, and we would prefer nothing more than that you might be a companion of this College in its habits, if fate were to permit. Take the letters of Mr. Huebner enclosed here. Clapmarius will give you six books on the secrets of the state, as you could see from the latest Frankfurt book catalog; he has stirred up everyone's expectations for so great a work. He himself becomes day by day more outrageous in all things, and before long will scarcely know himself or his own feet. Mr. Huebner, for the benefit of certain students, reads through the Pandects privately, but briefly. I collect and explain the differences between civil and Pontifical law for my auditors. The other professors are also in good health, except that Mr. Scerbius's joint disease continues from of old. Yet he recently went down into the public auditorium and presided over a certain Pole disputing on the Analytics. You have what occurred to us about ourselves. From you I shall expect frequent letters, that I may be without fear. From Altdorf, 3 Nov. 13. 15. C111. P.S. To the most distinguished gentleman Mr. Dr. Theodor a Sendem, your fellow citizen, respectfully in my words Gg 2
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236 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. rerbis quæso salutes, & jubeas meas ex longo intervallo propediem exspecta- ve. Nunc excludebar tempore, quo minus ipsi scribere possem, sicut constitue- ram. Nescio autem quo fato factum sit, ut hæ literæ quamvis ante mensem to- tum scriptæ tamen a me dimitti non potuerint ante hunc diem. Exitus docuit, quid defuerit. Nimirum ad te erat perferendus lugubris nuntius de obitu dilectissimi filii mei Balthasaris. Hic postquam cum febri ardentissima &c continua per tres hebdomadas fuerat colluctatus, tandem pie placideque de- functus est VIII Decemb. me oculos ei claudente turbato mortalitatis ordine. Quanto sim in luctu ipse cogita. Solet novissima plaga præteritos refricare do- lores, ut ait, ni fallor, Symmachus. Id mihi in hoc casu accidit, qui uno fere anno sepelivi patrem, socrum, duos filios, sororis filium a me susce- ptum & M. Queccei filium, optimæ spei paerum. Sed manum de tabula vel potius de ulcere. Tu, mi D. Kirchmanne Vale, & rescribe, ut extra, metum simus. Scripsi hæc XII. Decembr. An. 1603. Plurimam salutem meis verbis dicio, nunciatoque Dn. Francisco Wit- zendorfio, & de Balthasare in eo fac indicium. EPISTOLA CLXV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. ET IGNATIO HANNIELI. Conradus Rittershusius. Rostochium. Francofurti jam sum, unde hæc ad vos conjunctim scribo, carissima capita. Dabitis mihi hanc veniam, ut isto utar compendio, dum inter hos stre- pitus simul ad alios plures scribendum, simul & alia negotia curanda sunt mihi. Veni huc maxime Epistolarum Isidori Pelusiotæ causa, ut bonis conditioni- bus eum auctorem ope M. S. Bavarici auctum & correctum extrudam. Com- mendavi autem opus illud Commelinianis heredibus, quando illi etiam Chr- sostomi opera nobis dederunt: ut comes sit ac socius in prælo, qui fuit fa- miliaris ei in vita, & geminus eloquentia & sanctitate. Ieci jam fundamen- ta hujus negotii: sed alter fratrum rejecit illud ad consortem, qui Amsterda- mi habitat, cujus ajebat expectandum esse consensum Spero non diffensu- rum: & placituras ipsi conditiones, de quibus inter nos actum est. In his ipsis nundinis literæ mihi redditæ sunt Scaligeri & Casauboni (at quantorum vi- rorum!) quibus comprobant institutum meum, & exhortantur me ambo, ut strenue pergam in exequendo. Eas literas auro contra caras habeo, & alias vobiscum communicabo. Nunc describere non vacabat. In Scaligeri literis insertum etiam est Epigramma heptastichon, jambis constans Græcis. Tuum, ornatissime D. Kirchmanne, opus de funeribus Rom. prodiisse lætor, & tam tibi quam reipublicæ literariæ gratulor. Sumpsi exemplar de Frobenio, quasi abste mihi donatum. Spero te ratum id habitutum. avnd cape meum As- sem Fatidicum, & boni consule. Præ Meursio rivali tuo, quem miramur si- mul
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236 THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. with words, I beg you send greetings, and bid you await letters from me in the near future after a long interval. I was shut out by the time, so that I could not write to you myself, as I had planned. But I do not know by what fate it has happened that these letters, though written a whole month ago, could not be sent off by me before this day. The outcome has shown what was lacking. Clearly it was necessary that to you should be carried the mournful news of the death of my dearest son Balthasar. After he had struggled for three weeks with a very burning fever and the like, continually, he finally died piously and peacefully on 8 December, while I was closing his eyes amid the disturbed order of mortality. How much I am in mourning, think for yourself. The last blow is wont, as Symmachus says, I think, to reopen past sorrows. This happened to me in this case, I who in about one year buried my father, my mother-in-law, two sons, my sister’s son received by me, and the son of M. Quecceius, a boy of the best promise. But enough of the tablet, or rather of the wound. Farewell, my dear Mr. Kirchmann, and write back, so that we may be without fear. I wrote this on 12 December, in the year 1603. I send very many greetings in my words to my people, and please inform Mr. Franciscus Witzendorf, and make known to him about Balthasar. EPISTLE CLXV. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. AND IGNATIUS HANNIEL. Conrad Rittershausius. Rostock. I am now at Frankfurt, and from there I write this jointly to you, most dear friends. You will grant me this indulgence, that I use this abbreviation, while amid all this bustle I must at the same time write to many others and attend to other matters. I came here chiefly on account of the Epistles of Isidore of Pelusium, so that I might bring out that author, enlarged and corrected with the help of a Bavarian manuscript. I have, however, recommended that work to the heirs of Commelinus, since they too gave us the works of Chrysostom, so that he may be a companion and partner at the press who was his familiar in life, and twin in eloquence and holiness. I have already laid the foundations of this business; but one of the brothers referred it back to his partner, who lives in Amsterdam, whose consent, he said, must be awaited. I hope he will not disagree, and that the conditions, about which we have been negotiating, will please him. At this very fair I received letters from Scaliger and Casaubon (but from men of what stature!), in which they approve my undertaking and both exhort me to proceed energetically in carrying it out. I hold those letters dearer than gold, and I shall share the others with you. There was no time now to copy them out. In Scaliger’s letter there was also inserted an epigram of seven verses, composed in Greek iambics. I am delighted that your work on Roman funerals, most accomplished Mr. Kirchmann, has appeared, and I congratulate both you and the republic of letters. I took a copy from Frobenius, as though it had been given to me by you. I hope you will count that as approved. Take my Fatidic Penny, and accept it kindly. In front of your rival Meursius, whom we admire together
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 237 mul iisdem nundinis prodiisse, tibi Senatus Criticus palmam defert, perfectiennemque operis tui collaudat. Cum Grutero, Bongarsio, Frehero, Camerario, & aliis hic jucunde fui aliquoties. Jamque in diem XII. hic hæreo, expectans dum sodalitium meum se accingat itineri, cum quo redeundum est mihi. Quo loco res nostrates sint, procul dubio ex literis Dn. Hubneri, t[ame]n , recens cognovisti. Tuas avide expecto, quibus de statu rerum tuarum nos certiores facias: ac fortasse domum reversus illas inveniam. Valete viri clarissimi opt. doctissimi, & amicissimi, vestrumque mihi amorem servate æternum. Francofurti XXI. Septemb. Anno CIC. IC. CIII. EPISTOLA CLXVI. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittershusius. Restochium, Principio tibi, ornatissime & amicissime D. Kirchmanne, cum in Acad. illustri locum toto pectore gratulor, & opto ut gradus sit ad altiora, quæ suo tempore, cum Deo, tua virtute, pietate & eruditione procul dubio consequere. Quæ ipsa est causa, cur desiderium tui lenius & æquiore animo feram. Etsi enim hic tecum vitæ quod reliquum est exigere maluissem, quam tantis locorum spatiis esse diremptus: tamen apud nos tales emergendi occasiones non habuisses. Virdungus quidem, cui nuper adeo D. D. scholarchæ, postquam de te spes decollarat, illam professionem assignarunt C C. Florenis initio contentus esse cogitur. Nosti autem quam hic sint omniacara, quamque restricti ad augenda salaria nostrates. Itaque non possum non tibi magnopere gratulari cum illam ob causam, tum ob vicinitatem patriæ, quæ procul dubio tua opera aliquando, uti & ortus tui partem sibi vindicare volet: quo & spectabat illa a me non indiligenter ad te scripta epistola, quam non redditam esse & miror & ringor. Etsi enim nihilo jam deterior est ex hac jactura vel tua, vel mea conditio, tamen ad te illam pervenisse mallem, quam ab aliis interceptam neglectamve, saltem ut tibi inde quoque meum tibi gratificandi studium constaret. De Alcimo quod quæris, variæ ejus sacri poëtæ exstant editiones: sed nulla accuratior, quam Joachimi Zehneri Sleusingensis pastoris, quæ Lipsiæ apud Schurerum prostat. Marius Victor mihi non est visus. Credo cum exstare in opere sacrorum poëmatum Georgii Fabricii, quod mihi non est ad manum, nec ab aliis hic sumere licet. Funera tua vidimus, & tibi ab his non solum vitam, sed & immortalitatem auguramur ac spondemus. In his quod tam amicam & multam mei mentionem exstare voluisti, est de 'qno mihi gaudeam, tibi gratias agam. Exemplar sumpsi Francofurti, cum ibi essem Isidori Pelusiotæ extrudendi causa, a M. Frobenio, qui simul ac audivit quis essem, libens dedit. Recte feceris, si & D. Remo tui amantissimo miseris. De Apulejo Wouwerii jam aliquid ex Helia Putschio cognoram. Tu ipse eum ex propinquo incita & instiga ut maturet, multoque magis etiam impelle hominem ad proferendas in lucem & usum boni publici emendationes Cicero- Gg 3 nianas
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LETTERS OF MEN. 237 to have come out at the same fairs, the Critical Senate awards you the palm, and praises the perfection of your work. I have been here pleasantly several times with Gruter, Bongarsius, Freher, Camerarius, and others. And now I have been hanging about here for twelve days, waiting until my company should make ready for the journey, with whom I must return. In what state our affairs at home stand, you have doubtless recently learned from the letters of Mr. Hübner. I eagerly await yours, by which you may inform us of the condition of your affairs: and perhaps, when I have returned home, I shall find them there. Farewell, most distinguished, most learned, and most dear sirs, and preserve your affection for me forever. At Frankfurt, 21 September, in the year 1603. EPISTLE CLXVI. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. Greetings. Conrad Rittershusius. At Restochium, First of all, most distinguished and most dear Mr. Kirchmann, I congratulate you with all my heart on your place in the illustrious Academy, and I hope it will be a step to higher things, which in due time, with God’s help, by your virtue, piety, and learning, you will no doubt attain. This is the very reason why I bear more lightly and with a calmer mind my regret at your absence. For although I would have preferred to spend the rest of my life here with you rather than be separated by such great distances: yet with us you would not have had such opportunities for advancement. Indeed, Virdungus, to whom lately the scholarly trustees, after their hopes of you had faded, assigned that professorship, is at first compelled to be content with 200 florins. You know, too, how dear everything is here, and how sparing our countrymen are in increasing salaries. Therefore I cannot but greatly congratulate you, both for that reason and on account of the nearness of your homeland, which will doubtless one day seek to claim your services, as well as part of your origin: to which also was directed that letter written by me to you not without care, which I both wonder and am vexed has not been delivered. For although by this loss neither your condition nor mine is now any the worse, still I would rather it had reached you than been intercepted or neglected by others, at least so that you might also know my desire to oblige you. As for Alcimus, about whom you inquire, various editions of that sacred poet exist: but none more accurate than that of Joachim Zehner, pastor of Schleusingen, which is on sale at Leipzig אצל Schurer. I have not seen Marius Victor. I believe he is contained in the work of the sacred poems of Georg Fabricius, which I do not have at hand, nor may I borrow it here from others. We have seen your Funera, and from it we predict and promise you not only life but immortality. In it, because you wished such a friendly and ample mention of me to appear, there is something for which I may rejoice, and for which I thank you. I obtained a copy at Frankfurt, when I was there for the printing of Isidore of Pelusium, from M. Frobenius, who, as soon as he heard who I was, gave it willingly. You would do right if you also sent one to Mr. Remo, your very loving friend. As for Wouwerius’ Apuleius, I had already learned something from Helias Putschius. Urge and spur him on from close at hand to hasten, and much more indeed press the man to publish the Ciceronian emendations for the light and use of the common good. Gg 3 nianas
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238 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. ni[n]nas ex codice Iani Gulielmi. Non poterat melius otium suum alibi collo- care. De Persio Casauboni edito nihil dum comperti habeo. Dn. Bongarsius Francofurti me convivio excipiebat, & literas ab eo in reddi- dit, quibus meos in Isidorum conatus perbenigne approbat, sicut & Scaliger. Magnum & quidem geminum præjudicium habeo: à quo qui dissenserit, ca- veat, ne judicio caruisse videatur. Prodibit, ut spero, ad proximum merca- tum curante & sollicitante meam vicem Cl. Grutero apud Comelinianos. Cum his enim, ut qui Chrysostomi quoque multa Græce nobis dederint, contraxi etiam de Isidoro, ut ex eadem officina & magister prodeat & discipulis eonon indignus. Taubmanni Plautus jam prælum patitur tandem Witcherbi, ut his die- bus ad me scripsit. D. Scherbius noster ex febri valde est debilis, ut metuat sux ipse vitæ: quanquam ad mortem præsenti est animo, vel ideo, ut brevi sit cum conjuge, quam præmisit. Nudius tertius supremis ejus condendis elogiis in- terfuerunt septem teltes Academici. Magnum lumen nobis exstinguetur, quan- quam enim jam ab aliquot annis id morbi nebulis quasi obscuratum quodam- modo videri potuit, tamen domi adhuc splendebat, contractionibus quidem, sed tamen satis dilucidis & illustribus radiis. D. Hubnerus è ipse de se scribet tibi. Tu velim multa meis verbis salute impertias Cl. V. D. Ignatium & Rev. D. Eilardum Lubbinum, cujus novæ functioni sacræ gratulor & di- vinam benedictionem adprecor. Hasad D. Theod. a Senden, ut jussisti, mi- si: per quem, ut spero, etiam deinceps nostræ utrinque curari poterunt, si quas à te nobis inscriptas acceperit, jubeat Noribergi apud D. Georg. Remum no- strum deponi, Bene vale mi Kirchmanne. Altorfii. die 22. Decemb. Anno 1604. De Giphanii Scriptis scripsi ad D. Theodorum. Is tecum communicabit, tu cum D. Ignatio. EPISTOLA CLXVII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittershusius. Rostochium. Recte accepi exemplar Epithalamiorum sive Hymnæi nuptiis tuis cohone- standis editi, Vir Cl. & ornatissime, & animo meo carissime. Sed cur unum tantum misisti mihi? debebas duo vel tria addere, ut esset quo Dn. Que- cerum, Doctorem Rhumelium, alios munerari possem. Nimis profecto ex- pisti tenax esse, ex quo paterfamilias es factus, quid fiet, ubi ad meam ætatem perveneris? sed extrajocum, debuisti certe plura mittere, tam optata præser- tim occasione, quam suppeditabat ornatissimus adolescens Henricus Bakmeiste- rus, Rever. & Cl. V. D. Lucæ F. quem in vestram gratiam, & ut intelligatis me nihil non velle vestra causa, eorumque, qui vobis cari & amici vivunt, statim domo & mensa excepi mea. Intentus quoque ero in omnes ipsum juvandi, promovendi, ornandi occasiones. Deus det eventus, quos optamus. Tibi molestias creari a Des. Heraldo, nollem profecto. Sed non deerunt tibi tela, quibus
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238. MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. ...from the codex of Iani Gulielmi. I could not place my leisure better elsewhere. I have as yet learned nothing about Casaubon’s published Persius. Mr. Bongarsius entertained me at a banquet in Frankfurt, and gave me letters in return, in which he very kindly approves my attempts on Isidore, as did Scaliger also. I have a great and indeed double prejudice; let him who disagrees beware lest he seem to have lacked judgment. I hope it will appear at the next fair, through my care and solicitation on behalf of Mr. Gruter at the Comelian press. For with them, since they have also given us many things of Chrysostom in Greek, I have made an arrangement concerning Isidore as well, so that from the same workshop there may come forth both master and not unworthy disciples. Taubmann’s Plautus is now at last under the press with Witcherbi, as he wrote to me these days. Our Mr. Scherbius is very weak from fever, so that he fears for his own life; though he is in a mind prepared for death, if only for this reason, that he may soon be with his wife, whom he has sent ahead. Three days ago seven academic witnesses were present at the composition of his final funeral eulogies. A great light will be extinguished for us; for although for some years now it may have seemed in some measure obscured by the mists of illness, yet at home it still shone, though in contracted form, with nonetheless quite clear and bright rays. Mr. Hubner himself will write to you about himself. I ask that you convey many greetings in my name to the distinguished and reverend Mr. Ignatius and to the reverend Mr. Eilard Lubbinus, whose new sacred office I congratulate and for whom I pray divine blessing. I sent the things for Mr. Theod. a Senden, as you ordered, through whom, I hope, our letters too may hereafter be looked after on both sides, if, of those written to us by you, he should receive any, let him be instructed to deposit them at Nuremberg with our Mr. Georg. Remus. Farewell, my dear Kirchmann. Altdorf, 22 December, 1604. I have written to Mr. Theodorus about Giphanius’s writings. He will communicate them to you; you to Mr. Ignatius. EPISTLE CLXVII. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANNUS. GREETING. Conrad Rittershusius. Rostock. I duly received the copy of the Epithalamia, or Hymnæus, published to adorn your nuptials, most distinguished and most polished sir, and most dear to my heart. But why did you send me only one copy? You ought to have added two or three, so that I might have some with which to present Mr. Quecerus, Doctor Rhumelius, and others. Indeed, you have become too sparing, since you became a householder; what will happen when you have reached my age? But aside from joking, you certainly ought to have sent more, especially since the very welcome occasion was provided by the most elegant young man Henry Bakmeister, son of the reverend and distinguished Mr. Lucas, whom I received at my house and table for your sake, and so that you might understand that I am willing in no way to fail in your cause and in the cause of those who live dear and friendly to you. I shall also be attentive to every opportunity of helping, advancing, and honoring him. May God grant the results we wish. I would not want trouble to be caused to you by Des. Herald. But you will not lack weapons with which
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 239 quibus hunc vitiligatorem repellas. Credo æmulatione impulsum hominem, ut sic in te irrueret immerentem. Sunt enim in gente illa, qui putant, Germanos nihil sapere, te solos æstimant ac circumspiciunt. Ex his fortean ille quoque, doctus alioquin, ut apparet, juvenis. Ex iisdem credo erat Rigaltius: cui quid feceram ego, ut me ita fugilaret in Phaedro? Quem ego olim probe deperum dedissem, in Analectis Phaedri, nisi libellum hunc in gratiam D Bongarsii suppressissem. Tu vero hanc petulantiam tui adversarii non sues inultam. At libens cognovi de renovanda illius tui pulcherrimi operis editione te cogitare. Si quid inter relegendum mihi in mentem venerit, de quo sis admonendus, faciam tuo rogatu certiorem. Interea duo loca tibi suggero, quæ in meo exemplari tui libri annotavi 1. libri secundi caput tertium hoc a me emblema accepit, inserum prope finem ante illa. Fit autem mentio cereorum. Allusit eodem & Alcimus Avitus lib. V. Nulla vacans a morte domus, dum lumine multo Tosa curatur populosum funus in urbe. II. extremo capiti XI. ejusdem libri I post tu[m] chancaddidi coronidem. Conjungis & plures hujusmodi insanos ritus Alcimus Avitus libr. v. ubi stragem inter primogenitos Ægypti editam describis. Ergo ubi percussas soboles confusa repente Aula videt, carrum flenses ad funera matres, Pettora contundum pugnis, crinesque revellunt Unguibus & nigras festinam scindere malas. Sed non dubito quin per te ipsum jam hæc & similia obtervaris & addideris. Boni tamen confules nostrum hanc tui juvandi voluntatem. Habes hic Icona meam, amicorum studiis a me expressam. Boni consule & candidè interpretare. Decreveram hac ipsa occasione, quam de improviso aliud agenti monstavit D. Remus, etiam D. Ignatio tradere, sed non licet per temporis brevitatem. Itaque meas alia via accipiet, nec multo post has. Cum eo communicabis etiam in Scioppii Lædorias. Bene Vale, mi Dn. Kirchmarne. Noster Hubnerus brevi me deseret, & muticanam nostram vitam cum deliciis urbanis commutabit. Mallem ipsum in vita Academica remansisse. Verum videtur mihi festinare ad opes. Plura ex ipso cognosces. Iterum Vale, & saluta ex me amicos, imprimis D. Ignatium, & D. Lubinum, cui etiam suum contigisse Antæum audivimus. Altorfu die xxx. Maji. MDCVI. EPISTOLA CLXVIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Conradus Rittershusius. Rostachium. Respondeo literis tuis, Vir Cl. & doctiss. quas 12. Martiidatas accepi ante paucos dies primum, curante D. Remo nostro. Is ea redimere coactus
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LETTERS OF MEN. 239 by which you may repel this libeler. I believe the man was driven by rivalry, so that he thus attacked you, though you had done nothing to deserve it. For there are in that nation those who think that Germans know nothing, and they esteem and look up to you alone. Perhaps he too was one of them, a young man otherwise learned, as it appears. From the same circle, I believe, was Rigaltius: what had I done to him, that he should thus fly at me in Phaedrus? I, who long ago had rightly fallen in love, in the Analects of Phaedrus, unless I had suppressed this little book in favor of D. Bongarsius. But do not leave your adversary's wantonness unpunished. Yet I was glad to learn that you are thinking of renewing the edition of that most beautiful work of yours. If, while rereading, anything should occur to me of which you ought to be reminded, I shall inform you at your request. Meanwhile I suggest two passages to you, which I noted in my copy of your book: 1. the third chapter of the second book received from me this emblem, insert it near the end before those words. There is mention of candles. Alcimus Avitus alluded to the same thing in book V. No house free from death, while with much light the populous funeral is tended in the city of Tosa. II. At the end of chapter XI of the same book I added the closing mark after tu[m]. You also join with these several such insane rites in Alcimus Avitus, book V, where you describe the destruction wrought among the firstborn of Egypt. Therefore, when the court suddenly sees its offspring struck down, weeping mothers carry them to the funeral pyres, they beat their breasts with fists and tear out their hair with their nails, and hasten to rend their dark cheeks. But I do not doubt that you yourself have already observed and added these and similar things. Please, however, take kindly our desire to help you in this. Here you have my likeness, engraved by me through the efforts of friends. Accept it kindly and interpret it with candor. I had resolved on this very occasion, which D. Remus unexpectedly pointed out while I was otherwise engaged, also to hand it to D. Ignatius, but this is not possible because of lack of time. Therefore he will receive mine by another route, and not long after these. You will also communicate with him about Scioppius's Lædoriae. Farewell well, my dear Mr. Kirchmarn. Our Hubner will soon leave me, and will exchange our rustic life for the pleasures of the city. I would rather he had remained in academic life. But it seems to me that he is hurrying after wealth. You will learn more from him himself. Farewell again, and greet the friends from me, especially D. Ignatius and D. Lubinus, who, we have also heard, has had his own Antaeus happen to him. At Altdorf, the 30th of May, 1606. LETTER CLXVIII. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. Greetings. Conrad Rittershusius. Rostock. I reply to your letters, most distinguished and learned sir, which I received dated March 12, a few days ago for the first time, through the care of our D. Remus. He was forced to redeem it
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. ctus est pretio 24 cruciferorum, de quibus ipse 6. ego 18 solvimus: meæ enim literæ propter carmina adjuncta erant crassiusculæ. Sed fuit tanti accipere amicissimi viri literas, quæ non fuissent caræ, quamvis pluris constitisset nóius . Gratias magnas ago tibi de procurata editione illius pestilentis satyræ. D. Ignatio vero de honore nominis sui profixi mihi accommodato. Mora non eguit excusatione; sat cito quod sat, bene factum. De Henrico nostro omitte illam sollicitudinem tuam. Ego sum placabilis, memor videlicet illius aures . Sed ubi quæso jam & qua conditione vivit? an ad vos rediit? Nos de ipso postquam Jena abiit, nihil cognovimus. Caspar Barthius ad me semel scripsit Witeberga hac proxima hyeme, eoque ipsi ego rescripsi, parariousus Dn. Taubmanno, qui mihi pererudito juveni commendavit. Dn. Gruterus mihi Heidelberga misit ipsius libellum notarum ad Petronium Arbitrum, de quibus Gruterus satis scabiose sentit. Ego illas tamen non contemno: & hoc mercatu Lips. remisi ei, hortatus auctorem, ut edat. De editione scriptorum Giphani, quod quæris, res tota est in manu Joannis filii & heredis, privilegio muniti. Is quid tamen facturus sit patris sui scriptis (in quæ alii quidam nullo jure involaruri, ad editionem inconsulto ipso festinantes) ignoro. Procul enim a nobis abest in Alsatia, & tarde ac raro inter nos commeant literæ. Vellem aut propior esset, aut mihi rem istam committeret. Nunc per me faciat quisque quod volet. Ego habeo quod agam satis rerum mearum. Vidllstisne ibi librum novum, sacrum & horribilem ipso titulo (ulterius autem nondum vidimus) quem Scioppius (olim Schoppius) in Scaligerum edidit? Rogo quid censetis, tu inquam & Cl. V. D. Ignatius, aliaque candidiora pectora? Calauboni & Bongarsii judicia jam scimus. Speramus non defuturos vindices honoris Scaligeri, ut ipse taceat. Vale mi D. Kirchmanne, & rescribe sæpius. Tuam enim ut benevolentiam facio plurimi, & amicitiam sancte colere cupio dum vivam, ita epistolam ac manum soleo exosculari. Altorsii die XIX. April. MDCVII. Quod mihi de Magistratu scholastico gratularis, benigne facis: sed magis gratulabere, cum eum deposuero, simulque multis molestiis fuero liberatus: quod spero post duos menses futurum Deo propitio. Tunc piès idem piis & ad studia mea tranquilliore animo revertar. EPISTOLA CLXIX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittershussus. Rostochium, I Am antè ad te scripsi, Vir ornatissime & amicissime, tuoque vel potius nostro communi desiderio utrinque satisfeci, in cohonestanda celebrandaque optimi nostri Ignatii memoria, quæ mihi semper erit venerabilis juxta teum. Amisimus, enim vel præmisimus (ut magis pie loquar) virum vera antiqua virtute & fide. Quid igitur, inquies, sibi volunt hæ novæ literæ? ni- mirum
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. It was sold at the price of 24 kreuzers, of which he himself paid 6 and I 18: for my letters had been made rather bulky by the poems appended to them. But it was worth it to receive the letters of a most dear friend, which would not have been dear, even if they had cost more. I thank you very much for securing the publication of that pestilent satire. And to D. Ignatius, for the honor of his name, which was gracefully lent to me. The delay needed no excuse; soon enough is what is enough, if it is well done. As for our Henricus, do not keep worrying about him. I am placable, mindful, namely, of those aures . But where, I ask, is he now, and under what condition does he live? Has he returned to you? We have learned nothing about him since he left Jena. Caspar Barthius wrote to me once from Wittenberg this past winter, and I replied to him, having previously consulted Dn. Taubmann, who recommended him to me as a very learned young man. Dn. Gruterus sent me from Heidelberg his little book of notes on Petronius Arbiter, about which Gruterus thinks rather poorly. I, however, do not despise them: and with this shipment from Leipzig I sent them back to him, urging the author to publish them. About the edition of Giphanius’ writings, which you ask about, the whole matter is in the hands of Johannes, the son and heir, protected by privilege. What he will do, however, with his father’s writings—into which certain others, having no right, are trying to intrude, hurrying to the publication without consulting him—I do not know. For he is far away from us in Alsatia, and letters pass between us slowly and rarely. I would wish either that he were nearer, or that he entrusted that matter to me. Now let anyone do through me what he wishes. I have enough of my own affairs to keep me busy. Have you seen there the new book, sacred and horrible even in its title (though we have not yet seen beyond that), which Scioppius (formerly Schoppius) has published against Scaliger? I ask what you think, you, I say, and Cl. V. D. Ignatius, and the other more candid minds. We already know the judgments of Calauboni and Bongarsius. We hope that defenders of Scaliger’s honor will not be lacking, so that he himself may be silent. Farewell, my D. Kirchmann, and write back often. For I value your goodwill greatly, and I desire to cherish your friendship sacredly as long as I live, just as I am accustomed to kiss your letter and your hand. Altorsii, April 19, 1607. What you congratulate me on, regarding the scholarly magistracy, is kindly done: but you will congratulate me more when I shall have laid it down, and at the same time been freed from many annoyances; which I hope will happen in two months, God willing. Then piès idem piis I shall return to my studies with a calmer mind. EPISTOLA CLXIX. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANNUS. S. D. Conradus Rittershussus. Rostochium, I wrote to you earlier, most distinguished and dear sir, and in both directions I satisfied your, or rather our common, desire, in honoring and celebrating the memory of our very excellent Ignatius, which will always be venerable to me as to you. For we have lost, or rather sent ahead of us (if I may speak more piously), a man of true ancient virtue and faith. What then, you will say, do these new letters mean? namely
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 241 mirum datur hæc opera studiosis nostris quatuor, qui hinc ad vos studiorum causa proficiscuntur. Ex his unus est tuus civis, Johannes Steinius ante biennium commendatus mihi Argentinæ, à Clarissimo & consultissimo viro Dn. Theodoro a Senden J.C. reliqui tres fratres Bussi, non modo populares mei, sive conterranci sunt (ignosce vulgi more tecum fabulanti) sed etiam, dum hic fuerunt, maximam temporis partem sub eodem tecto mecum habitarunt. Omnes tibi quam commendatissimos esse cupio, eamque de te fiduciam habeo, quod sis ipsos, vel mea causa, humanissime amplexurus, & quibus scies poterisque modis adjuturus. Idque ut facias te rogo. Qua in parte cuique commodare queas ex ipsis coram rectius intelliges. De Georgio tamen Bussio jam nunc tibi prædico, quid animo agitet. Auctor ipsi fui, colligeret in unum variorum, quæ sparsim existant, Auctorum versiones Latinas Epigrammatum Græcorum, quæ habet Anthologia: & cum ipso communicavi, quæ ego jam olim huc facientia collegeram, in quibus multæ avunculi mei Mathiæ Bergii, multæ etiam meæ translationes. Non dubito, quin & ipse faveas boni juvenis laudabili instituto, & aliorum quoque favores, imprimis autem R. & C. V. D. Eilardi Lubini, qui in eodem genere jam pridem operam navavit, & procul dubio multa in mundo habet, quibus possit ipsum instruere, dum professione Theologica ipse impeditur, quo minus, quod cæperat, stadium decurrat. Rogo te, velis ipsi pararius esse ad Dominum Lubinum. Ejus frater natu maximus Theodorus legalis eruditionis specimina haud vulgaria apud nos aliquoties, qua publice, qua privatim, disputando pariter & docendo edidit; qua de re cum publicum habeat facultatis nostræ testimonium, plura verba hic addam ad compendium, præsertim cum ipse secum ferat eas artes, ex quibus verissima cujusque commendatio proficiscitur. Si quorum studia noveris posse ab eo gubernari vel adjuvari, dabis operam, ut ratio ipsius ha- beatur. Id mihi ipsi tributum existimabo. Superiora dictavi fessus aliis laboribus. Hæc subscribe, te rogans ut cura- re velis recte reddi 1. literas meas D. Bredovio inscriptas. 11. literas, quas ad Dn. Theodorum a Senden dedi. Habes hic literas Dn. Remi nostri, quas ad me misit ante paucos dies. Joanni Steinio quasdam dedi chartas, quas suo vasi inclusas tibi redderet. Eas distribues inter amicos. Exemplar etiam de sin- gulis unum dabis Rever. & Cl. V. D. D. Lubino: quem rogabis meo no- mine, ut in uxoris meæ obitum paucos mihi condonet suos etiam versus. Co- gito enim edere quorundam Carmina amicorum, quæ pridem in meam gra- tiam super illius morte mei consolandi ergo scripserunt. Obstetricem hanc animorum, qua te dono, boni consule. Eum libellum vestratibus commen- dabis bibliopolis & studiosis, non solum quia dignissimus est commendarile- gique, sed etiam ut tanto plura exemplaria distrahat typographus, qui ex edi- tione Parisiensi librum recudit, me hortatore B. V. Altorfii, raptim ut vi- des XXI. Octob. MDCVIII. Trajanum meum integrabo tibi, ubi totus fuerit impressus; Interea pau- Hh cula
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LETTERS OF MEN. 241 This wonderful work is given to our four students, who are departing from here to you for the sake of study. One of them is your fellow citizen, Johannes Steinius, whom two years ago I commended to me at Strasbourg by the most distinguished and learned man, Master Theodor a Senden, J.C. The other three are the Bussi brothers, not only my fellow countrymen, or from the same land as I am (excuse my speaking with the common people), but also, while they were here, they lived with me under the same roof for the greater part of their time. I wish them all to be most highly recommended to you, and I have confidence in you that, for my sake if for no other, you will embrace them most kindly and assist them in whatever ways you know and can. I ask you to do this. In what respect you may be able to help each one you will understand better from them in person. As for Georg Bussius, however, I can already tell you what is in his mind. I myself encouraged him to collect together the Latin translations by various authors of the Greek Epigrams found in the Anthology, which exist here and there; and I shared with him what I had long before gathered for this purpose, among which were many translations by my uncle Matthias Bergius and many of my own. I do not doubt that you too will support the laudable undertaking of this good young man, and also the favor of others, especially that of the Reverend and most distinguished Doctor Eilard Lubinus, who has long labored in the same field and doubtless has many things at hand with which he may instruct him, while his theological profession hinders him from running the course he has begun. I ask you to be ready to assist him with Doctor Lubinus. His elder brother Theodorus has on several occasions among us, both publicly and privately, displayed no ordinary proofs of legal learning, disputing and teaching alike; concerning this, since he has a public testimonial from our faculty, I shall add no more words here, by way of brevity, especially since he himself carries with him those accomplishments from which the truest commendation of anyone proceeds. If you know of anyone whose studies may be guided or aided by him, take care that account be made of him. I shall consider it bestowed on myself. The foregoing I dictated when weary from other labors. Add these notes, I beg you, asking that you please see to it that 1. my letters addressed to D. Bredovius are properly delivered. 11. the letters which I gave to Master Theodor a Senden. Here you have the letters of our Master Remi, which he sent me a few days ago. To Johannes Steinius I gave certain papers, enclosed in his own vessel, which he was to deliver to you. You will distribute these among friends. You will also give one copy of each to the Reverend and most distinguished Doctor Lubinus, whom you will ask in my name to grant me a few of his verses also on the death of my wife. For I am thinking of publishing the poems of certain friends, which long ago they wrote in my favor, for my consolation over her death. Take this midwife of minds, which I present to you, kindly. Recommend that little book to your townsmen, booksellers, and students, not only because it is most worthy to be recommended and read, but also so that the printer, who is reprinting the book from the Paris edition at my urging, may distribute more copies. At Altdorf, hastily, as you see, 21 October 1608. I shall complete my Trajan for you when it has all been printed; meanwhile, a few
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242 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. cula illa boni consule. Salutabis per occasionem verbis meis Dn. Franc. Witzendorphium nostrum. EPISTOLA CLXX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittersbusius. Respectum, Cum amicitias Doctorum Virorum ultro expetere atque ambire soleam, easque secundum Theocriti . valde certe inhumanus sim & instituti mei immemor, si non oblatam a te, Kirchmanne, amicam voluntatem libens amplectar atque exosculer. Ego vero hoc facio, & testor tibi, me summa cum voluptate legisse literas tuas, quibus ut tuam mihi offers, ita meam reflagitas benevolentiam. Age, mi tu, faciamus mutuum, & alter alterum amemus, cum nos devinciat inter nos studiorum & animorum similitudo, a qua nexus solet esse arctissimus. Atque utinam in me aliquid esset tua tam honorifica de me opinione dignum: sicut ego mihi de tuo tam elegante ingenio & recondita doctrina omnia summa polliceor. Protulit Lubeca vestra sidus aureum, nimis, heu! celeriter præreptum terris! Janum Gulielmium dico, qui omnium eruditorum puncta tulit. Ei te successurum auguror: nec non alterum civem tuum, Theodorum a Senden, amicum meum, qui jam Tubingæ studia Principis Brunswicensis & jam Augusti gubernat, Vir eleganter doctus, . Bene spero de posteritate, cum talium succrescentem gloriam video, cui ex animo faveo. Oppianum meum abs te desiderari ex unis alterisque Coleri nostri litteris intellexi. Explerem egomet desiderium istud, nisi ipse jam pridem omnibus exemplaribus (quæ mihi perpauca typographi heredes donarant) inter amicos distributis, egerem. Pagellas duas tamen mitto, ut proprium aliunde nactus illum scriptorem meum, suo loco inseras. Ad proximas nundinas vernas prodibit, ut spero, Gunterus noster, quem jam exprimit Gruppenbachius Tubingæ. Nunc horis subsecivis conficio librum non ineleganrem, cui titulum faciam, Homerica. Sed de hoc plura alias. Vale, & nos, ut coepisti, ama. Altorphii ad D. V. Kal. Ian. M. D. XCIX. EPISTOLA CLXXI. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittersbusius. Respectum Clarissime & doctissime Vir, Dn. & Amice plurimum dilecte & hono- rande, diu est, ex quo nihil a te accepi, adeoque ne hoc quidem resci- scere
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242 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. That little matter, take it kindly. You will greet, on occasion, our Mr. Franc. Witzendorphium in my words. LETTER CLXX. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Conradus Rittersbusius. Greeting, Since I am accustomed of my own accord to seek and court the friendships of learned men, and, according to Theocritus, I should certainly be very uncivil and forgetful of my own habit if I did not gladly embrace and kiss the friendly goodwill offered by you, Kirchmann, toward me. I do indeed do this, and I testify to you that I have read your letters with the greatest pleasure, in which, as you offer yours to me, so you require mine goodwill in return. Come, my dear fellow, let us make it mutual, and let one love the other, since the likeness of our studies and our minds binds us together; from this a very close bond is wont to arise. And would that there were in me something worthy of your so honorable opinion of me: just as I promise myself everything of the highest from your so elegant wit and hidden learning. Your Lübeck has brought forth a golden star, alas! too quickly snatched away from the earth! I mean Janus Gulielmius, who carried away the votes of all the learned. I predict that you will succeed him; and also that other citizen of yours, Theodorus a Senden, my friend, who is now directing the studies at Tübingen of the Prince of Brunswick and now of Augustus, a man of elegant learning. I have good hopes for posterity, since I see a glory springing up from such men, to whom I give my wholehearted support. I learned from one or two letters of our Colerus that my Oppian is desired by you. I would myself satisfy that desire, were I not already long since short of copies—those which the printer’s heirs had given me in very small number—having distributed them among friends. Nevertheless I send two pages, so that, having obtained that writer of mine elsewhere for yourself, you may insert him in his proper place. At the next spring fair, I hope, our Gunterus will appear, whom Gruppenbachius is now printing at Tübingen. At present, in my spare hours, I am completing a not inelegant book, to which I shall give the title Homerica. But more on this another time. Farewell, and love us, as you have begun. At Altdorf, on the day before the Kalends of January, 1599. LETTER CLXXI. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Conradus Rittersbusius. Greeting, Most distinguished and most learned man, most dear and honorable lord and friend, it is now a long time since I have received anything from you, and so even this much I have not been able to learn
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 243 scere potui, an quæ ad te misi mense Octobri superioris anni in obitum & me- moriam Cl. viri Dn. D. Ignatii a variis auctoribus scripta. Ea tradideram ad vos proficiscentibus Bussiis Fratribus & Iohanni Stenio, civi tuo: de quibus ipsis etiam interea quid factum sit, tantundem scimus, quantum qui nihil. Aut igitur tibi meas illas, aut mihi tuas interceptas esse oportet. Quicquid sit, rogo me certiorem facias. Has ut ad te darem effecit Cl. Calaubonus, qui suis ad me istas, quas vides inclusas, commendavit, tibi ut curarem, Quod a me sedulo factum esse, facies quam primum ut intelligat. De mearum rerum statu breviter sic habe: sponsus sum, qui alterum fere annum ago viduus. Tandem enim & amicorum suasu, & rei domesticæ necessitate adductus, ad secundas nuptias animum adjecti. Itaque ante octiduum Bambergæ conjugii fidem dedi pudicissimæ virgini Catharinæ, filiæ Ampliss. & Consultiss. viri D. Pancratii Holtzschuhii J. C. & advocati Nobilitatis Franconicæ, cujus soror nupta est Cl. V. D. And. Dinner, Conradi J. C. Fi. Collegæ & compatri meo conjunctissimo. Eam volente Deo ducam domum 19 die Junii. Is enim nuptiis dictus est dies. Interea sponsam domi suæ apud parentes reliquo. Scio te, ut ante hac adversis meis indoluiti, ita nunc secundis gavisurum esse. Atque utinam propius favere nobis atque adesse posses. Esto tamen cum tuis suavissimis Musis invitatus. Salutem plurimam dices Reverendo & doctissimo viro D. Lubino, cui de rerum mearum statu, quæ scripsi, si videbitur, commu- nicabis. De Novellis, quid molar novi operis, alias cognosces ad longum ex Ampl. Viro. Dn. Ernesto Cothmanno J. C. Cogito enim brevi ad Am- plissimum Collegium Juridicum Academiæ vestræ de eo scribere, idque ex- plorandæ eorum censuræ. Vale & salve, mi amicissime Kirchmanne, & tan- dem rescribe. Altorsii die 28. April A. 1669. EPISTOLA CLXXII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittershusius. Restochium. Ante paucos menses literas a te, Vir clarissime & doctissime, amice cha- rissime, reddidit mihi Joachimus Albinus, egregius juvenis, qui huc ad- duxit nobilem Pomeranum Iasmundum, discipulum suum, quos mihi dili- genter commendabas, nec minus etiam causam Academiæ vestræ disputatam defensamque aliquot Consiliis Clarissimi & Consultissimi Viri Dn. Doctoris Cothmanni. Nihil equidem gratius mihi fuisset, quam tunc statim respon- dere tibi ea occasione, quam habebam præ manibus redeunte domum Dn. Quilovio, Advocato Stralsontensi, egregio certe viro, nisi sub illud ipsum tempus mihi peregre abeundum fuisset ad agendam causam cujusdam clientis. Quod igitur hactenus sine responso te reliqui, quæso te, ne id in malam par- tem interpreteris. Has ad te dicto, oblata mihi alia occasione, per quendam Stral- Hh 2
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I could not learn whether those which I sent to you in October of the previous year, concerning the death and memory of the illustrious man, Lord D. Ignatius, written by various authors, reached you. I had handed them over for you to the Bussii brothers and to Johann Stenius, your fellow citizen; concerning them too, meanwhile, we know just as much as those who know nothing. Therefore either my letters to you, or your letters to me, must have been intercepted. Whatever the case, I ask that you let me know. It was the illustrious Calaubonus who caused me to send these to you; for he entrusted to me the enclosed items you see, recommending that I take care of them for you. That I have diligently done so, you will kindly let him know as soon as possible. Briefly, this is the state of my affairs: I am betrothed, having been a widower for almost the second year. At last, moved both by the urging of friends and by the needs of my household, I have turned my mind to a second marriage. And so, eight days ago in Bamberg, I gave my pledge of marriage to the most virtuous maiden Catharina, daughter of the most distinguished and most learned man, Lord Pancratius Holtzschuhius, Doctor of Laws and advocate of the Franconian nobility, whose sister is married to the illustrious Lord D. Andreas Dinner, son of Conrad, Doctor of Laws, my colleague and closest fellow countryman. With God’s will I shall bring her home on the 19th day of June; that day has been appointed for the wedding. Meanwhile I have left my bride at her parents’ house. I know that, just as you formerly grieved over my misfortunes, so now you will rejoice in my happier lot. And would that you could be nearer to favor and support us. Yet in the meantime, be invited by your sweetest Muses. Give very many greetings to the reverend and most learned man, D. Lubinus, to whom, if it seems good, you will communicate what I have written about the state of my affairs. As for Novellus, what kind of new work I am planning, you will learn at greater length on another occasion from the most distinguished man, Lord Ernest Cothmann, Doctor of Laws. For I am thinking of writing soon to the most distinguished Juridical College of your academy about it, and to seek their judgment on the matter. Farewell and greetings, my dearest Kirchmann, and at last write back. From Altorsii, on 28 April 1669. LETTER CLXXII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. Greetings. Conrad Rittershusius. Restochium. A few months ago, most distinguished and most learned sir, dearest friend, Joachim Albinus, an excellent young man, delivered to me a letter from you; he had brought here a noble Pomeranian, Iasmundus, his pupil, whom you had warmly recommended to me, and likewise the cause of your academy, which had been discussed and defended at several consultations by the most distinguished and most learned Lord, Doctor Cothmann. Indeed, nothing would have been more pleasing to me than to have replied to you immediately on that occasion, when I had at hand the return home of Lord Quilovius, advocate of Stralsund, certainly an excellent man, had I not at that very time been compelled to travel abroad to conduct the case of a certain client. Therefore, if I have so far left you without a reply, I beg you not to interpret it in bad part. I send these to you on this occasion, another opportunity having presented itself, through a certain Stral-
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244 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Stralsontensem, Doctorem juris hodie mihi commendatum a Dn. Doctore Simeone Tilmanno advocato reipub. Augustanæ, quo curante spero te has recte accepturum. Albinus diligens est auditor meus, & nomen quoque suum dedit pridem collegio meo privato, in quo sese aliquot Iuris studiosi singulis hebdomadibus exercent in disputationibus Pandectarum. Rogo te ut multos ejusmodi nobis commendare velis, quos nunquam patiemur in nobis desiderare humanitatis officia. Ipsi quidem Albino hactenus videor ad vota respondisse, idem porro quoque facturus. Quod attinet ad consilia de causa vestra Academica, nondum ea nobis visa sunt, detenta quippe hactenus Norinbergæ a Consiliariis Reipub. nostræ. Dedi autem hoc consilii Albino nostro, ut interdum eos per literas submoneat de expeditione maturanda, quibus ipse tradidit illa volumina. Ipse quoque nonnunquam in literis meis ad Cl. Remum nostrum significavi; nos consilia ista ab ipsis primum perlustrata expectare, & expedire velle. Quod ideo tibi significo, ne in nobis aliquam moram esse putes, & excuses quoque si opus sit, nos apud Collegas tuos viros præstantissimos, quibus ego & mei Collegæ gratificari paratissimi sumus. Atque hæc hactenus. A tuis convictoribus DD. Bussiis, fratribus ornatissimis literas accepi, non minus accurate, & diligenter, quam amanter scriptas. Quibus sane eadem hac opera & occasione respondere percuperem, nisi me jam simul & semel plurima circumstarent negotia, ut proinde mihi apud ipsos hac vice opus sit excusatione, quam ut ipse eis exponas diligenter & officiose a me salutatis, majorem in modum abs te peto. Brevi erit cum ipsis rescribam & satisfaciam. Interea velim seorsum dicas Georgio Bussio, hortari me ipsum, ut sua Epigrammatum Græcorum collectanea ex manibus ne deponat, sed variorum translationes, quas hic me approbante & instigante cæperat, velit pertexere, & ad optatum finem perductas aliquando in publicum emittere. Habiturus est non leve subsidium in tripartito opere illo, quod nuper Francofurti ex officina Iona Rhodii exijit, inscriptum, Delicia Poëtarum Gallia. Ibi enim variorum epigrammata nuper translata vidi. Habebit etiam quædam Latine reddita inter Nicolai Grudii & Hadriani Marii poëmata, excusa Lugduni Batavorum apud Iohannem Patium hoc ipso anno. Sed ego fortasse memorem moneo, & currentem, quod ajunt, calcaribus urgeo. Vale mi charissime D. Kirchmanne, & hacce inclusas pagellas boni consule. Altorsii die 23. Novemb. A. 1609. Salutem officiosiss. adscribo Dn. D. Cothmanno & tuis civibus Colero & Steinio, puto enim hos etiam vobiscum commorari. Recens accepto nuntio de obitu sroris dilectiss. cum aliquot liberis peste extinctæ, in luctum & maerorem magnum datus sum. EPI-
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244 TO THE MOST DISTINGUISHED AND LEARNED. the Stralsund Doctor of Law, recommended to me today by Dr. Simeon Tilmann, advocate of the Augsburg republic, at whose care I hope you will receive these letters properly. Albinus is my diligent auditor, and he has also long since enrolled himself in my private college, in which a few students of law exercise themselves each week in disputations on the Pandects. I ask you to be willing to recommend to us many such men, whom we shall never suffer to lack the offices of human kindness among us. Indeed, as far as Albinus himself is concerned, I seem hitherto to have answered his wishes, and I shall continue to do the same. As for the plans regarding your Academic cause, we have not yet seen them, since they have hitherto been held back at Nuremberg by the Councillors of our Republic. But I gave this advice to our Albinus, that from time to time he should remind them by letter to hasten the dispatch, to whom he himself delivered those volumes. I too have at times indicated in my letters to our learned Remus, that we wish to await these plans, first examined by them, and then to expedite them. I mention this to you, lest you think there is any delay on our part, and also so that you may excuse us, if need be, before your colleagues, those most distinguished men, whom both I and my colleagues are most ready to oblige. And so much for that. From your fellow lodgers, the highly esteemed brothers Bussius, I received letters, no less accurately and diligently than kindly written. I would certainly very much wish to reply to them on this same occasion as well, were I not already at once surrounded by many affairs, so that for this time I need an excuse with them, which I earnestly ask you to explain to them on my behalf, after greeting them diligently and courteously. I shall soon write back to them and satisfy them. Meanwhile I would like you to tell Georg Bussius separately that I myself urge him not to lay aside his collection of Greek epigrams, but to finish the translations from various authors, which he had begun here with my approval and encouragement, and to bring them at some time to the desired end and publish them. He will have no slight assistance in that tripartite work, which recently at Frankfurt came out of the press of Iona Rhodius, entitled, Delicia Poëtarum Gallia. For there I saw epigrams of various authors recently translated. He will also find certain pieces rendered into Latin among the poems of Nicolaus Grudius and Hadrianus Marius, printed at Leiden by Johann Patius in this very year. But perhaps I am admonishing one who already remembers, and, as they say, I urge with spurs the man who is already running. Farewell, my dearest Mr. Kirchmann, and kindly accept these enclosed pages. At Altorsius, on 23 November A.D. 1609. I add my most dutiful greetings to Mr. D. Cothmann and your fellow citizens Colerus and Steinio, for I think that these too are staying with you. On receiving recent news of the death of my dearest sister, with several children, who were carried off by the plague, I was plunged into deep mourning and sorrow. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 245 EPISTOLA CLXXIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittershusius. Rostochium. Responsa Cl. viri. Dn. D. Ernesti Cothmanni mense Martio primum ad nos miserunt Dni Consiliarii Norimbergenses. Quæ statim sub manus sumpsimus, ac perlegimus, censuramque super illis nostram breviter, sicut petuistis, concepimus, & sub finem voluminis inscriptimus, sigillo facultatis nostræ munitam. Commendassem ego volumen illud, quo nimis diu caruisse videmini (nulla tamen nostra culpa) mercatori cuipiam profecturo Lipsiam ad mercatum, unde porro ad vos curaretur perferendum. Sed D. Remus nunc mihi scripsit, prius remitti debere ad D. Hubnerum, qui habeat mandatum, secundum quod curaturus sit, utiliber ad vos redeat. Ideo quoque necessarium fuit, librum remittere ad Noricos nostros, quod ipsorum subscriptio necdum adesset. Maluissemus autem hanc præcessisse, eamque ob causam tria folia vacua reliquimus inter Dn. Mart. Chemnitii & nostram approbationem, si forte adhuc velint suam subscriptionem nostræ præponere. Sed hoc in ipsorum erit arbitrio. Neque tantum est (hac quidem in re) momenti in collocatione, cum videamus etiam Lipsiensium subscriptionem subjectam esse Francofurtensi, vetustius nempe collegium post positum recentiori, quod sine præjudicio sit dignitatis cum ista res agatur . Spero jam curæ futurum Clarissimo D. Hubnero, ut librum & documenta, quæ omnia salva a nobis recepit, vos quoque mature recipiatis. Hæc interim ad te, ut constet vobis de fide nostra, & quod per nos non fiat, quo minus in tempore responsa ad vos redeant. Etiam Censuræ nostræ concepta verba, quomodo ad calcem responsorum adjecta est, volui denuo descriptam & subsignatam sigillo publico ad vos, quasi in antecessum, mittere cum his literis, quas ex mercatu Lipsico recte, uti spero, accipietis, curante ornatissimo juvene Theodoro Sizmanno: huic enim commendavi. Haberem plura, de quibus non solum ad te perscriberem, & inter alia etiam de metu, in quo hic versamur ob exercitum ad Danubium collectum, verum etiam ad Dn. Theodorum, ejusque fratres (si tamen adhuc vobiscum sunt) modo & tempus & vires ad scribendum sufficerent. Nunc & illud me deficit, & propemodum etiam istæ, languent certe oculique ambo, cerebrumque manusque inter hunc concursum multiplicium scriptionum. Alioquin etiam a semestri toto, & quod excurrit, dubiæ sæpe & afflictæ fui valetudinis, necdum satis me recollegi. Excusabis igitur me, & ipsis (diligenter a me salutatis) , & tibi quod nec plura nec accuratius scribam. Salutem adscribo officii & cultus plenam Cl. V. Dn. D. Cothmanno, & Dn. D. Reinholdo (quem confido meos & M. Picarti versus accepisse in tempore, missos scil. ad eum & ea via, quam & quem ipse nobis designarat) & Rever. clarissimoque viro Dn. D. Lubino. Vale, mi cariss. amice, & salve. Altorhii die XIIX. Aprilis MDCX. Hh 3 EPI-
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LETTERS OF LEARNED MEN. 245 LETTER CLXXIII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Conrad Rittershausius. Rostock. The answers of the distinguished man, Mr. Dr. Ernesti Cothmann, the Councillors of Nuremberg first sent to us in the month of March. We took them up at once, read them through, and composed our brief judgment upon them, as you requested, and entered it at the end of the volume, authenticated with our faculty’s seal. I would have recommended that volume, of which you seem to have been deprived for far too long (though by no fault of ours), to some merchant about to travel to Leipzig for the fair, so that it might from there be forwarded to you. But Mr. Remus has now written to me that it must first be sent back to Mr. Hübner, who has the authority and will see to it that, when it returns to you, it comes back with you informed. For that reason it was also necessary to send the book back to our Noricans, since their signature was not yet present. We would, however, have preferred that it had come before ours, and for that reason we left three blank folios between Mr. Martin Chemnitz’s approval and ours, in case they should still wish to place their signature before ours. But that will be at their discretion. Nor is it, in this matter at least, of much importance in the ordering, since we also see that the Leipzig subscription is placed after the Frankfurt one, namely the older college after the newer, which may be done without prejudice to dignity where the matter is concerned. I now hope that it will be Mr. Hübner’s care that you too may promptly receive the book and the documents, all of which he received safely from us. This, meanwhile, I write to you in order that you may be assured of our good faith, and that it may not be through us that the responses fail to return to you in time. I also wished to send you, in advance, the exact wording of our censure, as it was appended to the end of the responses, newly copied and signed with the public seal, together with these letters, which I trust you will receive properly from the Leipzig fair, through the care of the most excellent young man Theodor Sizmanna; for to him I entrusted it. I would have more to write, not only to you, and among other things even about the fear in which we here live, because of the army gathered by the Danube, but also to Mr. Theodor and his brothers, if they are still with you, provided I had both the time and the strength to write. But now that too fails me, and the powers of my body almost as well; certainly my eyes are weak, and my brain and hands too, amid this rush of many writings. Besides, for a whole half-year and more I have often been in doubtful and afflicted health, and have not yet recovered sufficiently. You will therefore excuse me, both to them, whom I greet diligently, and to yourself, for not writing more, or more carefully. I send my respects, full of duty and affection, to the distinguished man Mr. Dr. Cothmann, and to Mr. Dr. Reinhold, whom I trust has received my verses and those of M. Picart in good time, sent, namely, to him and by the route which he himself had indicated to us, and to the reverend and most distinguished man Mr. Dr. Lubin. Farewell, my dearest friend, and greetings. From Altdorf, 18 April 1610. Hh 3 EPI-
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246 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CLXXIV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittersbusius. Rostockium. Merebatur hoc singularis illa de me sollicitudo tua, V. Cl. & doctissime, & amicissima affectio, quæ ex omnibus partibus litterarum tuarum extremo mense Augusto, & deinde aliarum 24 Septembris ad me datarum luculenter apparebat, ut multo ante responderem. Neque sane voluntas ac mihi defuit, sed mittendi occasio. Eam cum nunc demum monstravit mihi noster Ruarus, quidni ea libentissime utar? Non dubito, mi carissime Kirchmanne, quin ab aliis jam cognoveris calamitatem Academiæ nostræ, quam superiori tempore Autumnali perpessa est, dum semina quædam contagiosi morbi, aliunde huc importata, & quibusdam civibus exitialia tantum, ac fere panicum terrorem plerisque omnibus studiosis (quorum tamen nemo, quæ singularis est Dei clementia, malo isto correptus aut sublatus est) injicerent, ut velut agmine facto certatim diffugerent, aut certe secessum quærerent in vicinia, speculaturi ex tuto, quo res evasura esset. Clementer nobiscum egit Deus, & plagam a nobis avertit post paucas dierum hebdomadas, nec ita multos e medio sublatos, cum quidem plus periculi impendere videretur, & satis refertum sit oppidum nostrum pauperculis ac sordidis hominibus, adeoque turba puerorum & puellarum. Cessante igitur malo, cessavit etiam solitudo nostra scholastica, & satis magnus numerus ad nos rediit, ut mediocris frequentia in auditoriis nostris denuo conspiciatur: tametsi nonnulli alias sibi sedes delegerunt, & quidam Ingolstadium commigrarunt, inter quos etiam Albinus noster cum suo Iasmundo. Scripsimus nonnulla per hanc occasionem Cl. D. Scipio & ego, quæ idcirco edenda censuimus potissimum, ut aliis ad quos forte sinistra de nobis fama pervenit ( ) certi quid habeant de rebus nostris, quo jam sint loco: tum etiam ut publicum existet grati erga Deum servatorem animi nostri indicium sive testimonium. Pagellas cum his litteris spero te accepturum. Indies enim vel in horas potius exemplaria ex urbe exspectamus, ubi imprimuntur. Habeshic etiam orationem Magnifici nostri, quam eadem occasione habuit atque edidit. Ejus titulus nonnullis visus est paulo insolentior in Restituitq. & contra nimis abjectum, quod in præfatione scribitur, Academiam non parum debere Baroni illi, qui adhuc est adolescentulus, & vix semestre hic vixit, ut necdum potuerit suis meritis valde sibi devincire atque obnoxiam reddere Academiam. Sed hæc te , quod mihi fraudi esse nolim. Responsum nostrum pro causa vestra justissima non ingratum vobis fuisse, libenter ex tuis cognovi. Parati autem sumus præstare vobis etiam deinceps, quicquid vires nostræ ferunt, & vobis gratum fore intelligemus. Mirabar si antagonista vester nondum quierit. Male sit illis, qui premunt, affligunt, persequuntur, per quos creve-
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246 MOST CLEAR AND LEARNED. LETTER CLXXIV. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. GREETINGS. Conradus Rittersbusius. Rostock. That singular concern of yours for me, most excellent and most learned sir, and your most friendly affection, which plainly appeared from all parts of your letter sent to me at the end of August, and then from the other letters of September 24, deserved that I should have replied much earlier. Nor indeed was will lacking on my part, but the opportunity to send. Since our friend Ruarus has now at last shown me that opportunity, why should I not use it most gladly? I do not doubt, my dearest Kirchmann, that you have already learned from others the calamity of our Academy, which it suffered in the previous autumn season, when certain seeds of a contagious disease, brought here from elsewhere, would have proved fatal to some citizens and would have struck nearly all the students with almost a panic terror, though by the singular mercy of God none of them was attacked by that evil or carried off by it, so that they scattered in competing haste as if in battle formation, or at least sought refuge in the neighboring countryside, to watch safely from there how matters would turn out. God dealt gently with us and turned the blow away from us after a few weeks, and not so many were removed from the midst, although greater danger seemed to threaten, and our town is sufficiently full of poor and dirty people, and therefore of a crowd of boys and girls. When the evil ceased, our scholastic solitude also ceased, and a fairly large number returned to us, so that a moderate attendance can once again be seen in our lecture halls; although some chose other residences for themselves, and certain ones moved to Ingolstadt, among whom was also our Albinus with his Iasmundus. On this occasion Cl. D. Scipio and I wrote some things, which for that reason we judged should especially be published, first so that others to whom perhaps unfavorable rumor about us has reached may have reliable information about our affairs and know where matters now stand; and also so that a public token or testimony of our grateful spirit toward God the savior may exist. I hope you will receive the sheets with these letters. For we are daily, rather hourly, expecting copies from the city where they are being printed. You will also here have the oration of our Magnificent One, which he delivered and published on the same occasion. Its title seemed to some a little more unusual in Restituitq. and, on the other hand, too humble, because in the preface it is written that the Academy owes not a little to that Baron, who is still a youth and has lived here barely half a year, so that he has not yet been able, by his merits, greatly to attach and obligate the Academy to himself. But enough of this, lest I do myself harm. I gladly learned from your letter that our reply in your most just cause was not displeasing to you. Moreover, we are prepared to render you in the future also whatever our strength can bear, and whatever we shall understand to be pleasing to you. I was wondering that your antagonist had not yet grown quiet. Ill befall those who oppress, afflict, and persecute, by whom it has grown-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 247 creverunt: vel ut mitior ipsis sim, meliorem mentem iis precor. Syntagmati tuo de annulis (quod in luce publica videre gestio) bene precor. Strenue igitur perge, & opus absolve, propitio Deo. Quod ex me quæris, quis sit ille Magistellus, quem Casaubonus perstringit, puto esse Theodorum Marcilium, tametsi nihil explorati habeam, nec emendationes ipsius Suetonianas viderim. De pugna inter Plinium & Tertullianum quoad materiam annuli pronubi, vix video, quomodo sit componenda, si repudiemus Iunii conjecturam, nisi forte & hoc dicamus. Non negare Tertullianum annulum ferreum, dum significat foeminas aureum quoque gestasse eodem illo digito, quem sponsus sibi subarrhasset dato annulo ferreo. Sed fortasse meliora jam exputasti ipse, aut aliunde cruisti, quæ libenter ex te discemus. Nobilem illum Dn. Tessenium Parsovium non novi nisi ex tuo elogio, quod apud me plurimum valet. Velim scire, cur quæsieris de mea ipsius notitia. In nuntio de obitu præstantiss. viri Dn. Theodori a Senden serio ingemui. Sed ille jam pro his terrenis & caducis, qua bona appellantur, cælestia illa & sempiterna, quæ vere talia sunt, consecutus, multisque molestiis, turbis & malis hujus vitæ ereptus, gratulationem potius meretur, quam lamentationem. Quid fit de iis, quæ in obitum B. M. D. Ignatii nostri edere parabas? fortasse jam conjunges hoc par amicorum, & simul consecrabis amborum memoriam. Vale & nos amare perge. Salutant te Collegæ mei Altorfii die S. Thomæ Anno 1610. EPISTOLA CLXXV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittersbusius. Rostochium. Redditæ sunt mihi literæ tuæ, Vir doctiss. & amiciss. quas decimo nono Iunii ad me dederas. Ex cum essent domum comunis amici nostri Cl. Dn. Doctoris Remi allatæ, una cum adjuncto fasciculo, Bambergæ hæsi in ædibus Ampl. Dn. D. Pancratii Holtzscuhii, Soceri mei. Fuit eo excurrendum mihi cum uxore & affine Dn. Dinnero ejusque conjuge, quod bonus ille vir subito & improviso casu nobis ereptus sit. Nam decimo nono Iunii, cum ex itinere, quod officii ratione susceperat, domum redire pararet, Vorcheimiique interjunxisset, ac divertisset apud veterem amicum & hospitem, ad mensam assidens sobriam solus, cum præsentibus duntaxat famulis, Apoplexia correptus est, quæ ipsum intra duodecimam horam extinxit. Memorabile autem hic mihi illud imprimis visum fuit; quod eo ipso die hæc ei evenerunt, quo ante annum lætus lubensque hic filiæ suæ meisque nuptiis interfuerat. Deinde quod super eadem mensa paulo ante illam, quam dixi, sermones cum amico habuerat, de suo munere, quod nimis grave suis humeris incumbere sentiret, propediem resignando. Ego Bamberga ante 7 quasi hebdomadas huc solus redii, ad operas & rem familiarem meam, relictis ibidem, familiæ esciscundæ causa uxore mea, cum sorore Dn. D. Din- neri
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 247 have written: or, if I am to be kinder to them, I pray for a better mind in them. For your work on rings (which I eagerly wish to see in public light) I wish well. So press on vigorously, and complete the work, with God’s favor. As for what you ask me, who that little schoolmaster may be whom Casaubon alludes to, I think it is Theodorus Marcilius, though I have nothing certain, nor have I seen his emendations of Suetonius. Concerning the dispute between Pliny and Tertullian on the matter of the betrothal ring, I scarcely see how it is to be reconciled, if we reject Junius’s conjecture, unless perhaps we say this too: that Tertullian does not deny the iron ring, while he indicates that women also wore a gold one on that same finger, which the bridegroom had taken for himself by giving an iron ring. But perhaps you have already worked out better things yourself, or have discovered them elsewhere; we shall gladly learn them from you. I know that noble Mr. Tessenius Parsovius only from your eulogy, which has very great weight with me. I should like to know why you asked about my own acquaintance with him. When I heard the news of the death of the most excellent man, Mr. Theodorus a Senden, I groaned deeply in earnest. But since he has already attained for himself those heavenly and eternal things, which are truly such, instead of these earthly and perishable things, called goods, and has been snatched away from the many troubles, disturbances, and evils of this life, he deserves congratulations rather than lamentation. What is being done about those things which you were preparing to publish on the death of our B. M. D. Ignatius? Perhaps now you will join this pair of friends together, and at the same time consecrate the memory of both. Farewell, and continue to love us. My colleagues at Altorf greet you on St. Thomas’s Day, in the year 1610. EPISTOLA CLXXV. TO JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittersbusius. Rostock. Your letters, most learned and most friendly sir, which you had sent to me on the nineteenth of June, have been delivered to me. Since they were brought to the house of our common friend, the distinguished Dr. Remi, together with the accompanying packet, I remained in Bamberg in the house of the honorable Mr. D. Pancratius Holtzschuh, my father-in-law. I had to go there with my wife and my relative Mr. Dinner and his wife, because that good man has been suddenly and unexpectedly taken from us. For on the nineteenth of June, when he was preparing to return home from a journey undertaken on business, and had come to Vorchheim and stayed with an old friend and host, sitting down to a sober meal with the servants only present, he was struck by apoplexy, which killed him within twelve hours. What seemed to me especially noteworthy here was, first, that this happened to him on the very day on which, a year earlier, he had gladly and willingly been present here at the wedding of his daughter and of mine. Then, that on the same table, shortly before the event I mentioned, he had been speaking with a friend about resigning his office soon, because he felt it was too heavy a burden on his shoulders. I returned alone from Bamberg about seven weeks ago to my work and household affairs, leaving my wife there, along with the sister of Mr. D. Dinner, for the purpose of settling the household.
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248 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. neri conjuge & ipso affine DInnero, qui etiam nunc in ædibus paternis hærent, donec cum noverca & aliis negotium facessentibus convenerint. Hæc de rerum mearum conditione, quæ simul ni fallor commiserationem apud te commovebit erga nos, simul etiam veniam mihi impetrabit moræ paulo longioris in respondendo; Non enim potui citius; tametsi maturare me debuisse fateor gratiarum actionem de tranimissa pulcherrima præfatione & commen- datione Novellis meis præfigenda. Quæso te ut meis verbis maximas gratias agere velis spectabili Dn. Decano ordinis JConsultorum, pro tanto honore mihi habito, quibus memoriam grati animi sempiternam spondeo, & ubi opus illud lucem aspexerit, ejus rei pignus & tesseram quasi ad vos mittam. De responsis Ampliss. & Consultiss. viri Dn. D. Ernesti Cothmanni maturandis institi Noribergæ apud Dn. Remum, daret operam ut tandem ad vos, qui jam toto anno illiscaruistis, redirent. Respondit detineri ea a quibusdam Col- legarum suorum. Mihi etiam hoc in causa esse videtur tam diuturnæ reten- tionis, quod turbulentæ hæc æstas & formidolosa tempora JConsultis nostris, qui in urbe sunt, labores suos subinde augent gravioresque faciunt. Senatores Duo Noribergenses Dn. Wolfgangus Loffelholzius & Dn. Georgius Volkai- merus Reipublicæ suæ nomine Pragam missi ad vocationem Cæsareæ Maje- statis, duos jam menses absunt. Mercatores Norici cum peterent Linzium ad mercatum euntes, Passavii intercepti detinentur adhuc cum mercibus maximi pretii, trium, ut ajunt, tonnarum auri. In Alsatia inducias factas perhibent. Interim Iuliacum in potestatem Principum confæderatorum venisse fama est, quæ ad vos jam pridem, ut arbitror, pervenit. Sed de his aliisque ad publicum statum pertinentibus, procul dubio cum ab aliis plura certioraque accipis, tum a Cl. Remo nostro. Ego ad privata redeo. Bussis ornatissimis felicem peregrinationem precor, & felicem ad suos reditum, ut post annum acclamare possimus Theodoro & Clingiæ sponsis feliciter. Commendabo eos hoc mercatu Ca- saubono. Hoc enim officium me rogavit postremis suis D. Theodorus, quam- quam, ut ad nos perscriptum est, Csaubonus migraturus est in Angliam, accer- situs a magno Rege Britanno. Amisit enim, Rege nefarie trucidato, incom- parabilem patronum. Martinus Ruarus Hollatus magnopere me sibi devinxit pulcherrimis & elegantissimis duabus Elegiis suis, quibus secundas nuptias meas exornavit: quod fortasse nunquam facturus, absque tuo hortatu & incen- tivo, fuisset. Ita sit, ut non minus tibi hortatori, quam ipsi debeam authori. Utique certe vestrum fateor debere plurimum. Et ipse quidem Ruarus nu- perrime e Saxonia ad me scripsit literas eruditione & amore mei singulari re- fertas: cui respondebo propediem, cum sciam, ubi locorum degat. Qui has tibi reddet studiosus noster, ait se cognatum Cl. nostri Ignatii tu μαναγίτιν. Spero eum tibi vel hoc nomine gratum adventorem futurum. Mihi quidem etiam propriæ indolis ergo acceptus fuit, adeoque hic ipsum promovissem se- dulo, si occasiones præsto fuissent: quæ apud nos funtrariores. Utinam apud vos inveniat; quæ commoda quærit. Tu adjutum ibishominem, quem tibi, si
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248 VERY FAMOUS AND LEARNED. with his wife, and even with DInnero, his relative by marriage, who still cling to the paternal house, until they come to terms with the stepmother and the others who are causing trouble. This concerning the condition of my affairs, which, if I am not mistaken, will at once move your compassion toward us, and at the same time also obtain for me pardon for a somewhat longer delay in replying; for I could not do it sooner; although I admit that I ought to have hastened my expression of thanks for the very beautiful preface and dedication sent over, to be prefixed to my Novels. I ask you to be pleased to give, in my name, the utmost thanks to the honorable Dean of the Order of Jurists, for the great honor shown me, to whom I promise everlasting remembrance of my gratitude, and when that work has seen the light, I shall send you as it were a pledge and token of that matter. Concerning the replies of the most illustrious and most learned man, Dn. D. Ernst Cothmann, I pressed at Nuremberg upon Dn. Remus to hasten matters, that he would do his part so that at last they might return to you, who have now been kept waiting for a whole year. He replied that they are being detained by certain of his colleagues. This also seems to me to be the cause of so long a delay, that this turbulent summer and these fearful times continually increase and make more burdensome the labors of our jurists who are in the city. Two Nuremberg senators, Dn. Wolfgang Loffelholzius and Dn. Georgius Volkaimerus, sent to Prague in the name of their republic at the summons of His Imperial Majesty, have now been away two months. The merchants of Nuremberg, when they were seeking to go to Linz for the market, were intercepted at Passau and are still detained together with goods of the highest value, of, as they say, three tons of gold. They report that a truce has been made in Alsace. Meanwhile it is said that Jülich has come into the power of the confederate princes, which, I think, has already long since reached you. But about these and other matters pertaining to public affairs, no doubt when you receive more and more reliable information from others, as well as from our esteemed Remus. I return to private matters. I wish Bussis, adorned with the finest things, a happy journey, and a happy return to his own people, so that after a year we may be able to cry out in congratulation, “Theodorus and Clingia, bridegroom and bride, happily!” I shall commend them at this market to Casaubon. For Dn. Theodorus asked me to do this in his last letter, although, as has been written to us, Casaubon is about to move to England, summoned by the great King of Britain. For, since the king was wickedly murdered, he lost an incomparable patron. Martin Ruarus of Holland has greatly bound me to himself by his two most beautiful and elegant Elegies, with which he adorned my second marriage: something he would perhaps never have done without your encouragement and prompting. So let it be that I owe no less to you as instigator than to him as author. Indeed, I certainly confess that I owe you very much. And Ruarus himself recently wrote to me from Saxony, letters filled with learning and with a singular affection for me: I shall answer him shortly, since I know where he is staying. He who will deliver these to you, our student, says that he is a relative of our distinguished Ignatius, your μαναγίτιν. I hope that for that reason alone too he will be a welcome visitor to you. He was indeed welcome to me also because of his own character, and I would have promoted him eagerly here, if opportunities had been at hand: which are rarer with us. Would that he may find among you what he seeks and what is convenient. Do you assist that man there, whom, if you
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 249 si opus est, commendo. Vale & salutem dic, cum cæteris Dominis Collegis, quibus notus sum aliquomodo, tum Cl. Dn. Cothmanno, cui & hoc in aurem, libenter nos gratuitam hanc operam Academia vestra præstitisse, quam lectio- ni & approbationi consiliorum ipsius impendimus, neque hoc nomine quid- quam desiderare præter mutuam benevolentiam. Iterum atque iterum vale, & ignosce, si aberravit [n]o[n] [con]c[ern]iæ, qui mea dictata excepit. Non vacat relegere. Altorfii die v Septembris MDCX. EPISTOLA CLXXVI. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Conradus Rittershusius. Rostochium. Post longa nostra silentia, quorum ego culpam, Vir amicissime & huma- nissime, deprecor, rejiciens partim in varia impedimenta, quæ me hacte- nus a scribendo abstinuerunt, redeamus, si placet, ad consuetam vicissitudi- nem hoc genus officii. Principio autem, quando hanc epistolam tibi sub ini- tium novi anni redditum iri spero, faustissimum tibi illius exordium, progres- sum & exitum comprecor, atque opto coelitus a Patreluminum, a quo omne datum optimum proficiscitur. Secundum hæc vota adfero ad te duo Euange- lia, unum de studioso vestrate, meo auditore sedulo, Henrico Heynio: al- terum de Salviano, meisque in hunc conatibus. Ac Heynius quidem noster disputationis suæ de minoribus xxv. annis Præsidem me superioribus diebus elegit. Eamque ante quatriduum, publice in bona frequentia præclare susti- nuit, promeritus approbationem laudemque omnium, qui aderant, & aliquid de ingeniis ac studiis talibus æstimare possunt. Hoc si retuleris ipsius adole- scentis honoratissimis propinquis, scio placiturum non mediocriter, imprimis fratribus & Amplissimo Clarissimoque viro Dn. Ernesto Cothmanno. Ho- rum ut & tui nominis mentione versiculos meos, quos rogatu ipsius scripsi, ut thesibus subjungerentur, exornare placuit, cum alioquin ex se ipsis satis je- juni atque invenulti futuri viderentur. Id factum vobis non improbari cupio. Atque hæc hactenus. De Salviano sic habe. Cum is gravissimus autor ex Dn. Cujacii aliorumque juris & humanitatis antistitum, ut Jac. Revardi, P. Fabri Fr. Jureti, Lipsii, Calauboni nostri citationibus quorundam locorum pri- mum innotuisset, indeque mihi comparatum magna cum voluptate legissem, nonnullaque (ut fit) observassem & notassem. Collegi tandem diversorum temporum annotationes in unum libellum, & consilium cepi de hoc ipso cum authore, qui multis etiam doctis (quod expertus scribo) incognitus & infre- quens, in nostris præsertim regionibus, hactenus fuit, in publicum emitten- do. Iam sat scio, te ultro huic nostro instituto subscripturum illud vetus B. F. Fateor equidem esse, a quibus hic autor gravissimus sanctissimus atque do- ctissimus longe melius illustrari potuisset, inter quos te quoque optimo jure numeramus. Quia tamen alii majorum gentium Critici atque Philologi ni- mi
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 249 if necessary, I recommend it. Farewell, and give greetings, with the other lords and colleagues, to whom I am in some way known, and also to the distinguished Mr. Cothmann, and tell him this in his ear as well: that we have gladly rendered this gratuitous service to your Academy, which we have devoted to the reading and approval of his proposals, and that on this account we desire nothing except mutual goodwill. Farewell again and again, and forgive me if the man who took down my dictation made a mistake in the reading; I have no time to revise it. Altorf, on the 5th day of September 1610. EPISTLE CLXXVI. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Conrad Rittershusius. Rostock. After our long silence, the blame for which, most friendly and most humane sir, I beg pardon for, laying part of it upon various hindrances that have thus far kept me from writing, let us return, if you please, to the accustomed exchange of this kind of service. And first, since I hope that this letter will be delivered to you at the beginning of the new year, I pray and wish for you a most happy beginning, progress, and end of it, bestowed from heaven by the Father of lights, from whom every good and perfect gift proceeds. Next to these wishes I send you two announcements, one about a student from your town, my diligent hearer, Heinrich Heynius; the other about Salvian and my efforts concerning him. Heynius of ours, indeed, chose me a few days ago as president for his disputation on those under twenty-five years of age. And four days ago he sustained it publicly, in a large assembly, very creditably, earning the approval and praise of all who were present and who can form some judgment about talents and studies of that kind. If you report this to the young man’s most honorable relatives, I know it will be greatly pleasing, especially to his brothers and to the most eminent and most distinguished Mr. Ernest Cothmann. In my verses, which I wrote at his request to be appended to the theses, I was pleased to embellish them by mentioning both their names and yours, since otherwise they would have seemed in themselves sufficiently meager and lacking in ornament. I wish that this act of mine may not be disapproved by you. And so much for this for the present. As for Salvian, hear the following. Since this very serious author had first become known from citations in Dn. Cujacius and other leaders in law and learning, such as Jac. Revardus, P. Faber, Fr. Juretus, Lipsius, our Calaubonus, and others, and since I had read the work, acquired with much pleasure, and had noticed and recorded some things in it, as happens, I at last gathered the annotations of various times into one booklet, and formed the plan of issuing this author himself to the public, one who has so far been unknown and uncommon even to many learned men—so I write from experience—especially in our regions. I now know well enough that you will of your own accord subscribe to this our undertaking the old saying of B. F. I confess indeed that there are some by whom this most serious, most holy, and most learned author could have been illustrated far better, among whom, with the best of right, we count you as well. Yet because other critics and philologists of the greater nations are not at hand...
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250 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. mis diu cessant, ego in medium prodire volui, non quasi hanc provinciam optime administrare possem, sed ne diutius æquo vacua relinquueretur. Itaque vel meo sumptu apud nos imprimendum curo Salvianum; quæ res tametsi ma- gno mihi constabit, tamen est tanti, dum publice prosimus, etiam rem fa- miliarem atterere: id quod & in Malcho superiore æstate emittendo mihi con- tigit. Sed hanc potissimum specto utilitatem, quod operi quotidie adesse, & currente prælo, quasi sub manu nata, addere licet, idque si alio peregre mit- tenda sunt, secus habet. Nunc illud est, quod te rogo, ut si quid memora- bile ad Salvianum habes consignatum, id mecum velis communicare, ut cum laude tua ad utilitatem publicam una cum meis commentariis proferatur. Per- venerunt operæ ad literam K. & quamvis lente, nec nisi horis subsecivis pro- cedat impressio, tamen spero intra trimestre proximum opus absolutum iri, ut Deo volente ad Nundinas Francofortenses deportari exemplaria possint. Interea spero me responsum abs te habiturum. Præter hasce tres editiones Ba- siliensem Brassicani, quæ omnium, ni fallor, prima extitit, P. Pithei Pari- siensem, & Iac. Chovet vidi nullam, tametsi exstare audio plures. Harum prima caret epistolis simul & libris quatuor ad Ecclesiam Catholicam sub Ti- mothei nomine invulgatis, quos ipsissimos illos esse puto, qui contra avari- tiam a Salviano scripti sunt. Tertia epistolas quidem habet Salviani; sed qua- tuor illos libros non item, sed de his fatis. Iam enim prolixus esse incipio, & simul ad plures scribendum est mihi, mercatus Lipsici occasione. Lippi- tudinis meæ signum tibi esto manus aliena, si tamen filii manus aliena dicitur, cum ipse filius portio sit corporis paterni. Ei igitur hæc dictavi, nec relegi, eodem obstante vitio, quod superioris dici scriptionibus & lucubrationibus contraxi. Cætera mediocriter valemus. Vale tu quoque & salve amiciss. Dn. Kirchmanne, & mature, quæso, rescribe. Salutem illis, quos supra nomi- navi Ampl. & Cl. viris meo nomine velim dicas, ut & Rev. Cl. Dn. Lu- bino & Dn. Reinoldo a Gheren. De Cl. Casauboni ex Gallia in Angliam migratione, & totius familiæ translatione, hic nonnihil superioribus diebus inaudivimus, quod vocatus a Magne Britanniæ Rege mille coronatis operam suam conduci passus sit. Qua de re vos procul dubio certiora habetis. Ad Gentilem nostrum Magnificum ipsemet superiore mense Octobri scripsit de fua in Angliam transfretatione. De mansione tamen nihil: hoc tantum; a Re- gina vidua ad bimestre commeatum impetrasse. Bene sit magno illi viro litera- rum lumini & columini, ubicunque terrarum sit. Malchi nostri exemplar an tibi antehac miserim, non bene commemini. Hic ecce habes, ea lege ut si jam aliud habes, hoc des amico cuipiam, cui talia sux sux sux sux esse noveris. Iterum atque iterum vale. Altorfii die S. Thomæ Ap. A. 1610. EPI-
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250 CLARISSIMO ET MOST LEARNED SIR, Since things have long been delayed, I wished to come forward in the matter, not as though I could administer this province in the very best way, but lest it should remain vacant any longer than was fitting. And so I have arranged, at my own expense, for Salvianus to be printed among us; although this will cost me greatly, still it is worth it, so that while we are of service to the public, even my private resources may be spent: and this is what also happened to me when I put forth Malchus last summer. But what I chiefly have in view is this advantage: that one may attend to the work day by day, and, while the press is running, may add something as it were born under one’s hand; but if things must be sent elsewhere, the case is different. Now this is what I ask you: if you have set down anything memorable concerning Salvianus, please share it with me, so that it may be brought out together with my commentaries, to your credit and for the public benefit. The workmen have reached the letter K, and although the printing goes on slowly, and only in spare hours, I still hope that within the next quarter the work will be completed, so that, God willing, copies may be taken to the Frankfurt Fair. Meanwhile I hope to receive an answer from you. Besides these three editions, I have seen none: the Basel edition of Brassicanus, which, unless I am mistaken, was the first of all; that of P. Pithoeus of Paris; and that of Jac. Chovet, though I hear that several more exist. The first of these lacks the epistles as well as the four books published under the name of Timothy to the Catholic Church, which I believe to be the very same books that Salvianus wrote against avarice. The third has Salvianus’s epistles indeed, but not those four books; but enough of these matters. For now I am beginning to be rather lengthy, and at the same time I must write to several people, on account of the Leipzig fair. Let the mark of my sore eyes be the hand of another, if indeed a son’s hand can be called another’s, since the son himself is a part of the father’s body. So I dictated these lines to him, and did not reread them, because of the same ailment that I contracted from yesterday’s writings and late-night labors. The rest of us are moderately well. Farewell you too, and greetings, dearest Sir Kirchmann; and I beg you to write back promptly. Please convey my greetings to those honorable and learned men I named above, as well as to the reverend and learned Sir Lubinus and Sir Reinold a Gheren. Of the learned Casaubon’s move from France to England, and the transfer of his whole family, we heard something here a few days ago: namely, that, summoned by the King of Great Britain, he consented to hire out his services for a thousand crowns. On this matter you undoubtedly have more certain information. He himself wrote to our distinguished friend last October about his crossing over to England. As for his residence, nothing; only this, that he had obtained from the widowed Queen a two-month allowance. May that great man, the light and pillar of learning, fare well wherever he is on earth. Whether I had previously sent you a copy of our Malchus, I do not remember clearly. Here, then, you have it, on the condition that if you already have another copy, you give this one to some friend whom you know to be fit for such things. Once again, farewell. At Altdorf, on the day of St. Thomas the Apostle, A. 1610. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 251 EPISTOLA CLXXVII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Conradus Rittershusius. Rostochium, SCio jam pridem in expectatione apud vos esse expisse Salvianum nostrum: quem multo ante misissem, si typographicæ operæ fecissent officium. Nunc cum illæ nostam diu remoratæ fuerunt, habebis me, amicissime mi Dn. Kirchmanne, excusatum. Accipies cum his exemplar sancti illius & gravis scriptoris, mea cura atque impensa editi, quod rogo una cum literis adjunctis offe- ras Magnif. Dn. Recteri vestro. Adjunxissem perlibenter plura exemplaria, quorum unum tibi reservares ad privatos usus, haberesque a me , cætera distribueres aliquot Collegis & amicis. Sed cui fasciculum commendo, is majorem molem recusat ac deprecatur. Itaque non nisi unum ei committe- re potui Lipsiam deportandum, indeque ad vos curandum, & hoc ipsum . Et hoc ergo, & illud pro tua humanitate exculabis, munusculum licet investe verbis exornans quod poteris. Utrumque ut facias, pluribus te non rogabo, ne diffidere videar tuæ erga me benevolentia, quam scio esse eximiam. Inter relegendum si quid in Salviano observaris, quæso me- cum communica, ut mantissæ, quam paro, accedat, debito cum præconio no- minis tui. Valde jam destituor tempore, præsertim dum ad plures simul scri- bendum est, sine detrimento tamen operarum nostrarum Academicarum. Ita- que nec ad te omnia, quæ cuperem, post tantum præsertim silentium per- scribere licet, nec ad Cl. V. D. Theod. Bussium nostrum multa potero. Vi- deo tamen ne dem nihil, measque cum literis Theod. Sitzmanni compatris amicissimi conjungam. Sed & tu ipsum meis verbis amantiss. salutabis. Vale & salutem quoque dic Cl. & Ampl. viro Dn. Cothmanno, & aliis Collegis vestris. Altorsii pridie S. Matthæi, Anno Domini M.D. CXI. EPISTOLA CLXXVIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Conradus Rittershusius. Rostochium, Iteras tuas Vir Doctiss. Dn. & amice honoratiss. quas 10 Martii dederas, ad me misit. Cl. Remus noster, una cum iis, quas ad Collegium nostrum dedit Academiæ vestræ Syndicus. Non potuimus habere certam occasionem respondendi ante nundinas Lipsicas. Ego igitur has mittam cum Responso Collegii, bona spe fretus, inde ad vos probe ista curatum iri. Commenda- vi certe diligenter Theodoro Sitzmanno compatri meo, qui Lipsiam a nobis hac hyeme remigravit. Si desiderio vestro satisfactum fuerit a Collegio nostro, gaudebimus istius officii præstatione. Dolemus autem vicem vestram, qui toties I i 2
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LETTERS OF MEN. 251 LETTER CLXXVII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Conrad Rittershusius. Rostock, I know that our Salvian has long since been expected among you: I would have sent him much earlier, if the work of the printers had done its duty. Now that they have long delayed our publication, you will have me excused, my very dear Mr. Kirchmann. With this you will receive a copy of that holy and serious writer, published through my care and at my expense, which I ask you to present, together with the enclosed letters, to your Magnif. Mr. Rector. I would gladly have added several more copies, one of which you might keep for your private use and from me, while you distributed the rest among some colleagues and friends. But the man to whom I entrust a packet refuses and declines a greater burden. So I could not commit to him anything more than one copy to be carried to Leipzig, and thence forwarded to you; and this only. Therefore, by your kindness, make both these excuses, adorn the little gift, though modest, with such words as you can. I shall not ask you further to do both, lest I seem to distrust your goodwill toward me, which I know to be exceptional. While rereading it, if you notice anything in Salvian, I ask you to communicate it to me, so that it may be added to the appendix I am preparing, with due mention of your name. I am now greatly pressed for time, especially while I must write to many at once, yet without detriment to our academic work. Therefore I cannot set down to you everything I would wish, especially after such long silence, nor can I write much to our distinguished and esteemed Dn. Theod. Bussius. Yet I see that I should not leave you with nothing, and I shall join my letters with those of Theod. Sitzmann, my dearest comrade. But you too will greet him in my most affectionate words. Farewell, and give greetings also to the distinguished and noble gentleman Dn. Cothmann, and to your other colleagues. Altorsii, on the day before St. Matthew, in the year of our Lord 1611. LETTER CLXXVIII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Conrad Rittershusius. Rostock, Your letters, most learned sir and highly honored friend, which you gave on 10 March, were sent to me by our distinguished Remus, together with those which the syndic of your Academy sent to our College. We could not have a sure opportunity to reply before the Leipzig fairs. I therefore shall send these with the College’s answer, hoping confidently that from there they will be duly forwarded to you. I certainly recommended the matter carefully to Theodor Sitzmann, my countryman, who returned to Leipzig from us this winter. If your wish has been satisfied by our College, we shall rejoice at the performance of this service. But we grieve for your situation, who so often I i 2
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toties collidamini cum Senatu urbico: quem certe æquum erat magis esse , adeoque revereri aliarum de se judicia Academiarum, imo & singulorum hominum, qui aliquem habent sensum humanitatis, & adversus judicant de talibus actionibus, in quibus certe nos esse confidimus: Tuas literas triduo post subseqvebatur Nobilis Adolescens Cimber, qui mihi adferebat literas Cl. viri Dn. M. Dosenii Rectoris. P. T. Magnifici, una cum eleganti & pretioso poëmate, quod nihil minus, quam tale quid, cogitanti Academia vestra mihi mittendum decreverat, cujus rei indicium in tuis mihi feceras. Itaque tibi hoc nomine debeo . Magnifico Dn. Rectori, & per hunc toti Reverendo Concilio vestro per literas gratum animum testari studui, quas rogo ei reddas. Scripsi etiam peculiariter ad Dn. Dosenium, cum putarem hunc magistratu jam abiisse. Magno in ære vestro me agnosco & profiteor, nec ullam dimittam occasionem probandi vobis memorem ac gratum animum, omnemque observantiam, qua vos colo. Dicto hæc ad te, languens adhuc ex contumaci morbo thoracis, qui me totas jam septem hebdomadas dierum satis graviter adfluxit, adeoque lecto adfixit, quo nondum carere postum aliquot diei horis. Cautio mihi est, ne desinat istud malum in Hecticam, aut hujus sororem Phthisin. Deus me clementer respiciat, meque, si ipsi videbitur, liberis meis & studiosæ juventuti diutius sospitet, pristinæ valetudini restitutum: quod te juxta mecum optare ac precari sat scio. Vale felicissime, & verbis meis dic salutem cum cæteris Collegis tuis, tum imprimis Rev. & Cl. viro Dn. D. Eilardo Lubino, & Ampliss. Consultissimoque Dn. D. Ernesto Cothmanno. Altorsii D. 25. April. An. 1612. EPISTOLA CLXXIX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Christopherus Colerus. Rosochium, Cum tuæ literæ, Vir doctissime, huc adferrentur a tabellario Noribergensi, peregre aberam, & si scire cupis, Pragæ eram. Nihil vero illis gratius mihi accidere tum potuit, quæ ex itinere fere trimestri contractam omnem nauseam abstergerent. Nam & doctæ erant & animi tui signa exstantia præferebant. Ignatius Hanniel eruditione singulari mihi satis notus est; fide & candore notissimus. Unde non vulgariter ejus amicitiam colo. Verum is nimis a nobis abest procul, hoc est in Academia Bituricensi Gallica. De Terentio cur me olim amares causæ non erat. Puer ista olim somniaveram. Parergis fortean non derogem ipse diligentiæ & industriæ laudem. Alia etiam edidi, sed quæ magis inserviant vulgo, quam doctis & tibi placeant; ut Quæstiones Vaudi & Costani a me Ienæ editæ: Sententiæ ex utroque jure consarcinatæ, excipio tamen Alexandrum ab Alexandro, in quem quædam post magnum illum Tiraquellum vidimus. Nunc typographus exspectat Commentarium in Bellum Catilinarium Sallustii, quem spero me eruditis probaturum. Schioppii nostri suspectas videbis illic post nundinas. Is jam
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You are again at odds with the city Senate: whom certainly it was more fitting to be more equitable, and accordingly to respect the judgments about itself of the other Academies, and even of individual men who have some sense of humanity and judge rightly about such actions, in which certainly we trust ourselves to be right. Three days after your letter there followed a noble young man, Cimber, who brought me letters from the distinguished man Mr. M. Dosenius, Rector P. T. of the University, together with an elegant and valuable poem, which your Academy had resolved to send me, though I was thinking of nothing less than such a thing; of this matter you gave me notice in your letter. Therefore I owe you thanks on that account. To the Magnificent Mr. Rector, and through him to your whole Reverend Council, I endeavored to testify my grateful feelings by letter, which I ask you to deliver to him. I also wrote separately to Mr. Dosenius, since I thought he had by now left office. I acknowledge and confess myself greatly indebted to you, and I shall omit no opportunity of showing you a mindful and grateful spirit, and all the respect with which I honor you. Having said this to you, I am still suffering from a stubborn chest illness, which for seven whole weeks has attacked me rather severely and has consequently confined me to bed, from which I have not yet been able to be free for a few hours of the day. I am anxious lest that evil should turn into consumption, or its sister, phthisis. May God look upon me mercifully, and, if it seem good to Him, preserve me longer, restored to my former health, for my children and for studious youth: which I know well you also desire and pray for with me. Farewell most happily, and convey my greetings in my words to all your other colleagues, but especially to the Reverend and distinguished Mr. D. Eilard Lubinus, and to the most honorable and most learned Mr. D. Ernest Cothmann. At Altorsii, on the 25th of April, 1612. EPISTLE CLXXIX. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANNUS. Greetings. Christopher Colerus. Rosochium When your letter, most learned sir, was brought here by the Nuremberg courier, I was away from home, and if you wish to know, I was in Prague. Yet nothing could have happened to me more welcome than that letter, which removed all the nausea contracted from an almost three-month journey. For it was both learned and bore clear signs of your character. Ignatius Hanniel is well known to me for his singular learning; most well known for his faithfulness and sincerity. Hence I cherish his friendship not in a commonplace way. But he is too far away from us, that is, in the French Academy of Bourges. As for Terence, there was no reason why you should once have loved me on that account. In boyhood I had once dreamed of such things. Perhaps I shall not myself detract from the praise of diligence and industry in my Parerga. I have also published other works, but such as serve the common reader more than scholars and your taste; such as the Questions of Vaud and Costan, published by me at Jena; and Sentences patched together from both laws, excepting however Alexander ab Alexandro, in whose case we have seen certain things after that great Tiraquellus. Now the printer is waiting for my Commentary on Sallust’s Bellum Catilinarum, which I hope to have approved by the learned. You will see suspicious matters of our Schioppius there after the fair. He already...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 253 jam in Italia est, rediturus huc ante hiemem. Ejus loco tibi paravi alium amicum, V. Cl. Conradum Rittershusium J. C. tui ut vere vice Schioppii interim fungatur, scribere potes. Ab eo salutem tibi nunciare jussus sum. Ne dubita, acceptissimus nobis es, ac perge sis modo, & ejusmodi literis crebrius me vise. Vale Kirchmanne doctissime. Altorfii XXIX. Aug. 13. 13. XCVII. EPISTOLA CLXXX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Christopherus Colerus. Rostorhium, SERius equidem quam debebam, tuis respondeo, mi Kirchmanne, sed hoc peccatum crebro inter amicos committi solet, uti ipse nosti. Itaque facile veniam apud te spero vincibilem. Si tamen irasceris, puto hisce te novis demulcebo. Schioppius iste, quando defecerit, & ubi, puto probe nosti. Illud non item, agere nunc Ferrariæ apud quendam Wakerum D. juris & Cæsaris legatum. Orationem in laudem hujus Pontificis habuit, in qua mirifice adulatur illi Pseudo-Petro, & ad sæviendum in nos bonos Christianos, perfide & crudeliter eundem invitat. Est ea oratio typis vulgata Ferrariæ, & huc a Gifanio missa, subscripsit se in illa Oratione Schioppius Aulæ Lateranæ & sacri Palatii comitem. Hinc illæ lacrimæ. Honores ille homo plane Diabolio factu venatur & raptat. Rittershusius ex morbo diutino & admodum periculoso pene convaluit. In Gallia summum otium nunciatur, & literæ in novum florem crescunt. Vocavit Rex Casaubonum Lutetiam & Scaligerum. Scaligero sua manu scripsit. Cum Casaubono de Academia Parisiensi instituenda per tres horas locutus, scribitur a Francisco Pithæo. Evocabuntur ex Germania ut audio aliqui excellentes J. C. Mirum quid noster Scipio Gentilis sit facturus. Suboluit mihi nescio quæ de ejus in Galliam captatiuncula. Nam eo omnium familiarissime utor. Gifanius a Pontifice vocatus est, ad instaurandas ibi cathedras Jurisconsultorum. Ego an adhuc Basileam ante Pascha, ad petendos honores Doctoris sim iturus, addubito. Vale, VIII. Ian. EPISTOLA CLXXXI. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Christopherus Colerus. Rostorhium. MEl merum mihi literæ tuæ fuerunt, amicissime mi Kirchmanne. De Mauru quid mihi narras? Equidem nihil tale me a Reusnero petiisse scio. Tu tamen aliquid ex penu Musico depromas licet. Nam fortean ultro mittet Reusnerus, quod non spernam. De Sallustio ante hasce mundinas nihil fiet culpa & flagitio maximo typographi mendacissimi. Plautinæ æque nihil quam typographum citant. Delibero an has Francofurtum ad Moenum mittam: ubi Ii 3
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LETTERS OF MEN. 253 already in Italy; he will be returning here before winter. In his place I have prepared for you another friend, the distinguished man Conrad Rittershusius, jurist, so that he may for the time being act in Schioppius’s stead; you may write. I have been ordered to send you greetings from him. Do not doubt it, you are most welcome to us, and do continue, if you please, and visit me more often with letters of this sort. Farewell, most learned Kirchmann. Altdorf, 29 Aug. 13. 13. XCVII. EPISTLE CLXXX. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Christopher Colerus. Rostock, Indeed I reply to your letters later than I should have, my dear Kirchmann; but this fault is often committed among friends, as you yourself know. And so I hope for an easy pardon from you. If, however, you are angry, I think I shall appease you with these new items. That Schioppius fellow, when and where he failed, I think you know well enough. What you do not know is that he is now active at Ferrara with one Waker, an envoy of law and of Caesar. He delivered a speech in praise of this Pontiff, in which he marvellously flatters that False Peter, and treacherously and cruelly invites him to rage against us good Christians. That speech has been published in print at Ferrara and was sent here by Gifanius; in that speech Schioppius signed himself as a member of the Lateran Court and of the sacred palace. Hence those tears. That man is plainly hunting and snatching up honours as if fashioned by the Devil. Rittershusius has almost recovered from a long and very dangerous illness. In France the greatest leisure is reported, and letters are growing into a new bloom. The King has summoned Casaubon to Paris and Scaliger. He wrote with his own hand to Scaliger. With Casaubon, concerning the founding of the Paris Academy, he conversed for three hours, as is written by François Pithou. As I hear, some excellent jurists will be called from Germany. I wonder what our Scipio Gentilis will do. Something or other about his being lured into France has reached my ear. For I am on very familiar terms with him in every respect. Gifanius has been summoned by the Pontiff, to restore there the chairs of the jurists. I still hesitate whether I shall go to Basel before Easter, to seek the honours of the doctorate. Farewell, 8 Jan. EPISTLE CLXXXI. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Christopher Colerus. Rostock. Your letters, my dearest Kirchmann, were pure honey to me. What are you telling me about Maurus? Indeed I know that I asked Reusner for no such thing. Yet you may, if you wish, take something from the storehouse of music. For perhaps Reusner will send something of his own accord, which I shall not despise. About Sallust, before these market days nothing will be done, because of the fault and the greatest disgrace of a most mendacious printer. The Plautinæ mention neither anything nor the printer. I am deliberating whether I should send these to Frankfurt am Main: where
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254 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. ubi cum quibusdam typographis antehac notitiam contraxi. Gaudeo te de Magistratibus Romanis legere, sed velim te videre etiam Iusti Lipsii libellum egregium, qui penes me, De Magistratibus Rom; nunquam editus est, & mihi a quodam Lipsii discipulo donatus. Nuper cum Noribergæ essem, indagavi & reperi tandem bibliothecam quandam optimæ notæ. In qua, præter multas insignes alias antiquitates, inveni utriusque linguæ scripturas complures in pergameno scriptas. Dici non potest, quam ista res me delectaverit. Fuit ea olim Wilobaldi Pirkheimeri, Viri nobilis, & Patritii, & summi Historici. Inveni etiam Plautum & Sallustium antiquissimos, Thucydidem, Ptolemæum, Euclidem, Horatium, Iuvenalem, Martialem & alios scriptores. Quædam Plinii de Medicina nunquam typis edita. Gaudebis mecum scio, & magis quidem ubi scis, mihi illa tota Bibliotheca uti frui licere. Vale, & me ama. Altorsii 13. Feb. Professio mea heic magnifica. Habeo enim ultra 100 auditors quotidie. EPISTOLA CLXXXII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Michael Piccartus. Rossochium. Cum triga hæc fratrum Bussiorum pulcherrima & ornatissima, Kirchmanne Clarissime, ad vos viam adfectaret, duplici nomine gravisus sum, altero, quod occasio mihi daretur alloquendi te per certos homines, quique, quod unice habebam in votis, mihi repræsentarent, altero, quod ostendere liceret doctissimis fratribus, consalaneis diu meis, amicis semper suavissimis, meum de ipsis apud exteros judicium. Utrumque tibi non fore ingratum, mi Kirchmanne, spondeo. Illud, quia & præsens amari me abs te non obscure intellexi, & ejusdem in absentem esse animi literæ loquuntur ad Cl. Rittershusium nostrum. In eo paria tecum me facere persuasissimum habe, Vir. Cl. & facturum, quamdiu me mei compotem voluerit esse Deus Opt. Max. Idem ut tu perseveres facere non rogabo, quoniam istud natura tua auguratur & virtus. Istud quoque humanitas tua patietur, ut tibi commendem eos, quos tuapte sponte commendatissimos habiturus es, ubi cognoveris. D. Theodorum natu maximum in jure civili versatissimum deprehendes, sic ut multos hordeaceos doctores longo post se intervallo relinquat. Ejus fratres strenue fraternis insistunt vestigiis. Sed vecors ego, qui in illis commendandis te fatigem, qui se, sat scio, & Academiæ vestræ & tibi probabunt. In cujus mentionem dum incido, re crudescit, & in animo meo vulnus eidem inflictum morte summi viri Ignati Hannielis J.C. amici tui, cujus obitu insperato, quantum acceperit damni res literaria, non dici satis, nec doleri potest. Tu, mi Kirchmanne, vides geminum tibi onus hoc casu impositum tuendi honoris Academici, quorum alterum ab amico in te devolutum sustines hactenus sine querela. Vive modo & pereuna cum paucis aliis Academiæ tuæ proceribus, & mitius feremus, quod Deo
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254. MOST BRILLIANT AND LEARNED. there, where I had formerly made the acquaintance of certain printers. I am glad that you read about the Roman Magistrates, but I should wish you also to see the excellent little book of Justus Lipsius, which I have in my possession, De Magistratibus Rom.; it was never published, and was given to me by a certain disciple of Lipsius. Recently, when I was in Nuremberg, I searched and at last found a certain library of the best sort. In it, besides many other distinguished antiquities, I found several writings in both languages written on parchment. It cannot be said how much this delighted me. It had once belonged to Willibald Pirckheimer, a nobleman, a patrician, and a very great historian. I also found very ancient editions of Plautus and Sallust, Thucydides, Ptolemy, Euclid, Horace, Juvenal, Martial, and other authors. Certain works of Pliny on Medicine never printed. You will rejoice with me, I know, and all the more when you know that I am permitted to use and enjoy that whole library. Farewell, and love me. Altdorf, 13 Feb. My professorship here is splendid. For I have more than 100 auditors daily. EPISTLE CCLXXXII. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. S.D. Michael Piccartus. Rossochium. When this trio of the Bussio brothers, most handsome and most distinguished, Kirchmann, most illustrious, was making its way to you, I was doubly pleased, for one reason, because an occasion was given me of speaking to you through certain men, and of having presented to me what I had chiefly wished for; for another, because it was possible to show to the most learned brothers, my longtime fellow townsmen, my always sweetest friends, my opinion of them among strangers. I promise you that neither will be unwelcome to you, my dear Kirchmann. The former, because even when present I clearly perceived that I was loved by you, and your letters to our distinguished Rittershusius speak the same of your feelings toward one absent. Be fully persuaded that I act in the same way toward you, Most Distinguished Sir, and shall continue to do so so long as Almighty God wishes me to retain my senses. I shall not ask you to continue doing the same, since your nature and virtue foretell that. Your kindness will also allow this, that I should recommend to you those whom you will of your own accord count most worthy of recommendation once you have become acquainted with them. You will find D. Theodorus, the eldest by birth, most experienced in civil law, so that he leaves many barley-witted doctors far behind at a great distance. His brothers vigorously follow in their brotherly footsteps. But I am thoughtless, who burden you by recommending those who, I know well enough, will commend themselves both to your Academy and to you. While I mention this, the matter grows raw again, and in my mind the wound inflicted by the death of the greatest man, Ignatius Hannielius, J.C., your friend, is renewed; by whose unexpected death one cannot say, nor can one lament enough, how much loss the literary world has suffered. You, my dear Kirchmann, see the double burden laid upon you by this event of protecting the honor of the Academy, of which one part, transferred to you by a friend, you have hitherto borne without complaint. Only live, and survive along with a few other leaders of your Academy, and we shall bear more lightly what God...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 255 Deo visum videmus Honori summi viri scripsi Epigramma, quod per Cl. Rittershusium ad vos jam credo missum. Vale Cl. Kirchmanne, & sicubi tibi otium erit quandoque, ad has nugas nostras diverte. Vale iterum meque, si mereor, amare perge. Altorsii, Mense Octobri die 20 Anni CICICIX. EPISTOLA CLXXXIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Michael Piccartus. Lubecam. NOn potui non animo commoveri & exsultare, cum intelligerem te nihil immutatum mihi esse. Superest ut abs te petam, uti deinceps quoque vel constantiæ tuæ causa affectum illum mihi servare velis: Nam ea sunt tempora, cum penuriam amicorum queri oportet, ita nobis vel fata eos eripiunt, vel alia quædam insperata. Quot enim meliores animas paucorum annorum spatium eripuit? pauci certe sunt, qui dignitatem nostri ordinis & literarum cum aliqua fama tuentur: Ego præter Gruterum & te, Heinsiumque nostrum & Meurium paucos habeo, postquam Calauboni, Rittershusi, Taubmanni & alii veriboni nos & hæc mortalia deseruere, itaque mirari non debes, si studeam omnibus officiis & obsequiis veteres amicos retinere. De meis scriptis quid tu & viriboni sentiant, quanquam non ingratum est cognoscere, tamen nolim quidquam affectui dari, & si quisquam alius modice aut, intra etiam modum, ego de me sentio, & cognosco indies magis, me velle aliquid, vos posse. Itaque cupide exspecto Syntagma tuum de annulis, in quo vellem aliqua a me te juvare possent. Sed scio te omnia jam inventa habere. De usu annulorum in sinistra locum Tertulliani notavi extremolibello, de habitu muliebri, sinistra inquit per singulos digitos, de singulis sacris ludit, quo facit & Plin. l. 33. c. i. & 2. Rationes ab aliquibus redduntur hæc. I. ut tegatur luxus & superbia, quia sinistra manus magis latet quam dextra, aut certe facilius tegi potest. II. ut dextra sit liberior, quæ plus laborat. III. ut gemma annuli laboribus minus perdatur. IV. ut cordi principali membro honor habeatur, a quo venula pertingit ad digitum sinistræ manus, qui exinde dicitur annularis. v. ut gemmæ vires per illam venulam facilius ad cor pertingant. Ridebisne cor Z enodoti & jecur Cratetis? Alia in meis Adversariis si reperero, submittam. Occasio enim. sc offert sæpius scribendi, per D. Gulderstern Baronem Suecum, qui meo convictu utitur, & ad Grunewaldium vestrum frequenter literas mittit, cui tu & tuas, si quas mittere voles, commode tradere poteris. Ruarus à nobis decessit aucta eruditione, sed non famâ: nam & in castra Photinianorum cum aliis quibusdam adolescentibus concessit, quorum societas non leve vulnus Academix nostræ inflixit. Fuit hic Professor Philosophus Ernestus Sonerus, qui venenum in Belgio ab Arminio propinatum transfudit in discipulos tuos, & non nisi optimo ingenio præditos, qui porro plantare possent. Hi jam numerum & sectam trahunt, equibus aliqui captivi a Senatu nostro asservantur, sti- pen-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 255 I have written an epigram, as it seemed good to God, in honor of the most distinguished man, which I believe has now been sent to you through the honorable Rittershusius. Farewell, esteemed Kirchmann, and if ever you have leisure, turn aside to these trifles of ours. Farewell again, and continue, if I deserve it, to love me. At Altorsius, October 20, in the year CICICIX. LETTER CLXXXIII. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Michael Piccartus. From Lübeck. I could not help being stirred in spirit and rejoicing when I learned that nothing had been changed in your regard toward me. It remains for me to ask of you that henceforth also, for the sake of your constancy, you will wish to preserve that affection for me: for such are the times, when one must complain of a scarcity of friends, since either fate snatches them from us, or some other unexpected thing does. For how many better souls has the course of a few years carried off? Few indeed are those who defend the dignity of our order and of letters with any renown. I, besides Gruter and you, and our Heinsius and Meurius, have but few left, after Scaliger, Rittershusius, Taubmann, and other true men deserted us and these mortal things; and so you need not wonder if I am eager by every duty and service to retain old friends. What you and true men think of my writings, though it is not unwelcome to know, nevertheless I would not have anything given over to mere feeling; and if anyone else judges moderately, or even within bounds, so do I myself judge of myself, and I recognize day by day more clearly that I wish one thing, while you are able to do another. Therefore I eagerly await your treatise on rings, in which I should wish that I might be able to help you in some way. But I know that you already have everything discovered. I noted the passage of Tertullian about the use of rings on the left hand in the last little book, De habitu muliebri: “on the left,” he says, “on every finger, he plays upon the several sacred rites”; and Pliny does the same, book 33, ch. 1 and 2. The reasons given by some for this are as follows. I. That luxury and pride may be concealed, because the left hand is more hidden than the right, or at least can more easily be covered. II. That the right hand may be freer, since it does more work. III. That the gem of the ring may be less worn away by labor. IV. That honor may be paid to the principal member, the heart, from which a small vein reaches to the finger of the left hand, which on that account is called the ring finger. V. That the powers of the gem may more easily reach the heart through that vein. Will you laugh at the heart of Zenodotus and the liver of Crates? If I find anything else in my Adversaria, I shall send it on. For an occasion for writing offers itself frequently through Mr. Gulderstern, the Swedish baron, who uses my lodging and often sends letters to your Grunewald, to whom you will be able conveniently to hand any letters of yours, if you wish to send any. Ruarus has departed from us, increased in learning, but not in fame; for he has gone over, along with certain other young men, to the camp of the Photinians, whose society has inflicted no slight wound on our Academy. There was here the professor and philosopher Ernestus Sonerus, who poured out in his disciples the poison first administered in Belgium by Arminius, and not upon any but those endowed with the best intellects, who might in turn be able to propagate it. These now form a body and sect, among whom some are being kept in custody by our Senate as captives, sti-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. ubi cum quibusdam typographis antehac notitiam contraxi. Gaudeo te de Magistratibus Romanis legere, sed velim te videre etiam Iusti Lipsii libellum egregium, qui penes me, De Magistratibus Rom; nunquam editus est, & mihi a quodam Lipsii discipulo donatus. Nuper cum Noribergæ essem, indagavi & reperi tandem bibliothecam quandam optimæ notæ. In qua, præter multas insignes alias antiquitates, inveni utriusque linguæ scripturas complures in pergameno scriptas. Dici non potest, quam ista res me delectaverit. Fuit ea olim Wilobaldi Pirkheimeri, Viri nobilis, & Patritii, & summi Historici. Inveni etiam Plautum & Sallustium antiquissimos, Thucydidem, Ptolemæum, Euclidem, Horatium, Iuvenalem, Martialem & alios scriptores. Quædam Plinii de Medicina nunquam typis edita. Gaudebis mecum scio, & magis quidem ubi scis, mihi illa tota Bibliotheca uti frui licere. Vale, & me ama. Altorsii 13. Feb. Professio mea hæc magnifica. Habeo enim ultra 100 auditors quotidie. EPISTOLA CLXXXII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Michael Piccartus. Restochium. Cum triga hæc fratrum Bussiorum pulcherrima & ornatissima, Kirchmanne Clarissime, ad vos viam adfectaret, duplici nomine gravibus sum, altero, quod occasio mihi daretur alloquendi te per certos homines, quique, quod unice habebam in votis, mihi repræsentarent, altero, quod ostendere liceret doctissimis fratribus, consalaneis diu meis, amicis semper suavissimis, meum de ipsis apud exteros judicium. Utrumque tibi non fore ingratum, mi Kirchmanne, spondeo. Illud, quia & præsens amari me abs te non obscure intellexi, & ejusdem in absentem esse animi literæ loquuntur ad Cl. Rittershusium nostrum. In eo paria tecum me facere persuasissimum habe, Vir. Cl. & facturum, quamdiu me mei compotem voluerit esse Deus Opt. Max. Idem ut tu perseveres facere non rogabo, quoniam istud natura tua auguratur & virtus. Istud quoque humanitas tua patietur, ut tibi commendem eos, quos tuapte sponte commendatissimos habiturus es, ubi cognoveris. D. Theodorum natu maximum in jure civili versatissimum deprehendes, sic ut multos hordeaceos doctores longo post se intervallo relinquat. Ejus fratres strenue fraternis insistunt vestigiis. Sed vecors ego, qui in illis commendandis te fatigem, qui se, sat scio, & Academix vestræ & tibi probabunt. In cujus mentionem dum incido, recrudescit, & in animo meo vulnus eidem inflictum morte summi viri Ignati Hannielis J.C. amici tui, cujus obitu insperato, quantum acceperit damni res literaria, non dici satis, nec doleri potest. Tu, mi Kirchmanne, vides geminum tibi onus hoc casu impositum tuendi honoris Academici, quorum alterum ab amico in te devolutum sustines hactenus sine querela. Vive modo & perenna cum paucis aliis Academix tuæ proceribus, & mitius feremus, quod Deo
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Most illustrious and most learned. where, long ago, I formed acquaintance with certain printers. I am glad that you are reading about the Roman magistrates, but I would like you also to see the excellent little book of Justus Lipsius, which is in my possession, De Magistratibus Rom ; it was never published, and was given to me by a certain student of Lipsius. Recently, while I was in Nuremberg, I investigated and finally found a library of excellent repute. In it, besides many other distinguished antiquities, I found several writings in both languages written on parchment. It cannot be said how much this delighted me. It once belonged to Wilibald Pirckheimer, a nobleman and patrician, and a most eminent historian. I also found very ancient copies of Plautus and Sallust, Thucydides, Ptolemy, Euclid, Horace, Juvenal, Martial, and other authors. There were some works of Pliny on medicine never before printed. You will rejoice with me, I know, and all the more when you learn that I am allowed to use and enjoy that entire library. Farewell, and love me. Altdorf, February 13. My professorship is splendid indeed. For I have more than 100 auditors daily. EPISTLE 182. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. Greetings. Michael Piccartus. Restochium. When this very beautiful and splendid trio of the Bussius brothers was making its way to you, most excellent Kirchmann, I was burdened in two ways: first, because an opportunity was given me of speaking with you through certain men who would, as I had chiefly wished, represent me; secondly, because I was able to show to those most learned brothers, my long-time fellow townsmen and always most delightful friends, my judgment of them among foreigners. I promise you that neither of these will be unwelcome to you, my dear Kirchmann. The first, because both in your presence I clearly perceived that I am loved by you, and because your letters to our esteemed Rittershusius speak the same way about your feelings toward one who is absent. In this matter believe me fully your equal, most excellent sir, and that I shall continue to be so as long as God Almighty wishes me to remain in possession of myself. I shall not ask you to continue doing the same, since both your nature and your virtue foretell that. Your kindness will also allow me to recommend to you those whom, of your own accord, you will consider most worthy of recommendation once you have come to know them. You will find D. Theodorus, the eldest by age, highly skilled in civil law, so that he leaves many barley-fed doctors far behind him at a long interval. His brothers vigorously follow in their brotherly footsteps. But I am foolish to weary you by recommending them, when I know well that they will commend themselves both to your Academy and to you. As I mention this, the wound inflicted on my mind by the death of the eminent man Ignatius Hanniel, J.C., your friend, is reopened; by whose unexpected death how much loss letters have suffered cannot be said enough, nor lamented sufficiently. You, my dear Kirchmann, see the double burden laid upon you by this event of defending the honor of the Academy, one part of which, transferred to you by a friend, you have thus far borne without complaint. Only live on and endure together with a few other leading men of your Academy, and we shall more gently bear what God
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 255 Deo visum videmus. Honori summi viri scripsi Epigramma, quod per Cl. Rittershusium ad vos jam credo missum. Vale Cl. Kirchmanne, & sicubi tibi otium erit quandoque, ad has nugas nostras diverte. Vale iterum meque, si mereor, amare perge. Altorsii, Mense Octobridie 20 Anni CICICIX. EPISTOLA CLXXXIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Michael Piccartus. Lubeacam. NOn potui non animo commoveri & exsultare, cum intelligerem te nihil immutatum mihi esse. Superest ut abs te petam, uti deinceps quoque vel constantiæ tuæ causa affectum illum mihi servare velis: Nam ea sunt tempora, cum penuriam amicorum queri oportet, ita nobis vel fata eos eripiunt, vel alia quædam insperata. Quot enim meliores animas paucorum annorum spatium cripuit? pauci certe sunt, qui dignitatem nostri ordinis & literarum cum alia qua fama tuentur: Ego præter Gruterum & te, Heinsiumque nostrum & Meur- sum paucos habeo, postquam Casauboni, Rittershusii, Taubmanni & alii ve- ri boni nos & hæc mortalia deseruere, itaque mirari non debes, si studeam omni- bus officiis & obsequiis veteres amicos retinere. De meis scriptis quid tu & viri boni sentiant, quanquam non ingratum est cognoscere, tamen nolim quid- quam affectui dari, & si quisquam alius modice aut, intra etiam modum, ego de me sentio, & cognosco indies magis, me velle aliquid, vos posse. Itaque cupide exspecto Syntagma tuum de annulis, in quo vellem aliqua a me te juvare possent. Sed scio te omnia jam inventa habere. De usu annulorum in sinistra locum Tertulliani notavi extremo libello, de habitu muliebri, sinistra inquit per singulos digitos, de singulis sacris ludit, quo facit & Plin. l. 33. c. i. & 2. Rationes ab aliquibus redduntur hæc. 1. ut tegatur luxus & superbia, quia sini- stra manus magis latet quam dextra, aut certe facilius tegi potest. 11. ut dex- tra sit liberior, quæ plus laborat. 111. ut gemma annuli laboribus minus per- datur. 1V. ut cordi principali membro honor habeatur, a quo venula pertingit ad digitum sinistræ manus, qui exinde dicitur annularis. v. ut gemmæ vires per illam venulam facilius ad cor pertingant. Ridebisne cor Zenodoti & jecur Cratetis? Alia in meis Adversariis si reperero, submittam. Occasio enim. se offert sæpius scribendi, per D. Gulderstern Baronem Suecum, qui meo convictu utitur, & ad Grunewaldium vestrum frequenter literas mittit, cui tu & tuas, si quas mittere voles, commode tradere poteris. Ruarus à nobis de- cessit aucta eruditione, sed non famâ: nam & in castra Photinianorum cum aliis quibusdam adolescentibus concessit, quorum societas non leve vulnus Acade- miae nostræ inflixit. Fuit hic Professor Philosophus Ernestus Sonerus, qui venenum in Belgio ab Arminio propinatum transfudit in discipulos tuos, & non nisi optimo ingenio præditos, qui porro plantare possent. Hijam nume- rum & sectam trahunt, equibus aliqui captivi à Senatu nostro asservantur, sti- pen-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 255 What God wills, we see. I have written an epigram in honor of a very great man, which I believe has already been sent to you through the distinguished Rittershusius. Farewell, learned Kirchmann, and if ever you have leisure, turn aside to these trifles of ours. Farewell again, and continue to love me, if I deserve it. At Altorsius, the 20th day of the month of October, in the year CICICIX. LETTER CLXXXIII. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Michael Piccartus. At Lübeck. I could not help being moved in spirit and rejoicing when I learned that you had remained unchanged toward me. What remains is for me to ask that, henceforward too, for the sake of your steadfastness, you may wish to preserve that affection for me: for these are times when one must lament the scarcity of friends, since fate either snatches them away from us or some other unexpected thing does. How many better souls has the span of a few years taken away? Certainly there are few who uphold the dignity of our order and of letters with any renown. I, besides Gruter and you and our Heinsius and Meursius, have few left, since Casaubon, Rittershusius, Taubmann, and others of true worth have deserted us and these mortal affairs; and so you should not wonder if I am eager by every duty and service to retain old friends. What you and good men think of my writings, though it is not unwelcome to know, nevertheless I should not wish anything to be credited to affection; and if anyone else thinks of me moderately, or even within bounds, so do I of myself, and I am ever more aware that I wish something, while you are able to do it. Therefore I eagerly await your treatise on rings, in which I should wish that in some things I might be able to help you. But I know that you already have everything discovered. On the use of rings on the left hand I noted a passage of Tertullian in the last little book, On the Dress of Women : “on the left, he says, upon each finger he plays upon each sacred thing,” which Pliny also does, bk. 33, ch. 1 and 2. The following reasons are given by some: 1. so that luxury and pride may be concealed, because the left hand is more hidden than the right, or at least can more easily be concealed. 2. so that the right hand may be freer, since it does more work. 3. so that the gemstone of the ring may be less worn by labor. 4. so that honor may be paid to the chief member, the heart, from which a little vein reaches to the finger of the left hand, which is therefore called the ring finger. 5. so that the powers of the gem may more easily reach the heart through that vein. Will you laugh at the heart of Zenodotus and the liver of Crates? If I find anything else in my Adversaria , I shall send it along. For occasion offers itself often enough for writing, through Mr. Gulderstern, the Swedish Baron, who makes use of my lodging, and frequently sends letters to your Grunewaldius, to whom you will be able conveniently to hand your letters, if you wish to send any. Ruarus has departed from us, with learning increased, but not his fame; for he too has passed over into the camp of the Photinians along with certain other young men, whose company has dealt no slight wound to our Academy. There was here the philosopher Professor Ernest Sonerus, who passed on to your pupils the poison brewed up in Belgium by Arminius, and not to any except those endowed with the best talent, who might in turn have been able to plant it further. They now draw along with them both number and faction, from whom some are being held in custody by our Senate,
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pendiarii ipsorum. Quid de illis statuatur, forte post scribam. Ruanus Argentinam concessit, alii Witebergam, alii Ienam, alii Helmæstadium insederunt, ut plures in partes suas pertraherent. Deus illis ignoscat, & nisi in reprobum sensum dati sunt, justo judicio in viam regiam reducat. Idem te vir Cl. & Amicissime bono publico & literis ac studiis nostris servet, mihi etiam amicum paria facturo pro virili. B. V. Altorfii 6. Cal. Majas Anni 1616. EPISTOLA CLXXXIV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Michael Piccartus. Lubecam, Iteris tuis, Cl. & Amicissime Kirchmanne ad vi. Cal. Ian. datis respondi copiose, responsumque commisi Generosi D. Guldenstern L. B. Sueci Ephoro, D. M. Laurentio Olao Wallio, qui suis inclusum misit ad mercatorem vestratem, virum magni ut intelligo, nominis, & opum non modicarum, D. Grunewaldum, per eum tibi recte curatum confirmabant illi mihi; Factum id sit an secus, tu noveris. Antequam vero illæ tibi meæ literæ redditæ essent, venita te mihi epistola viva, florentissimus virtute & doctrina adolescens Iohannes Elsvigius, cognatus tuus, commendatus mihi per literas a viro Cl. D. Theodoro Bussio J.C. amico communi. Ejus conversatio, sicut & honoratissimorum ipsius comitum mihi longe fuit jucundissima, quam tamen voluptatem interpellavit fatum meum & ipsorum festinatio, venerant enim ut abirent, & unam solum noctem hic substiterunt, Tubingam cum primosole contendentes. Assiduus fuit inter Elsvigium & me dete sermo, sicut & de Ruaro, de quo quæ tibi scripseram, ea narrabam illi vix fidem mihi habenti, nisi Epistolam ejus ad me legisset. Is Ruarus Argentinæ hactenus cum nobili Marchico a Burgsdorff vixit conditione honesta. Sed postquam illum & publica fama, & complicum judicia Photinianæ impietatis reum peregerant, moniti sunt ab amicis Nobilis illius tutores, qui res illum suas sibi habere jusserunt, & magisterio ejus cognatum adolescentem subtraxerunt. Itaque ante paucos dies Argentoratose movit, quo locorum iverit, nescio. Hic autem constat eum Musæum suum impietati isti commodasse, in quo & Sacramento se invicem obstrinxerint, & cænam administrarint, sed minime Dominicam. Hic tamen in literis ad me suis cum innocentia de puritate contendere videbatur. Retulit mihi Elsuigius, D. Bussium, cum hæc de ipso inaudivisset, in hæc verba erupisse, utinam Deus illum citoperdat; nisi enim hoc futurum est, magnam stragem dabit, ita in animos hominum influere novit, & quæ cupis persuadere; a cujus viri judicio meum non abjungo. Sed hoc, cui meliorem precor mentem, misso, venio adliterastuas alteras, quas attulit mihi ornatissimus item juvenis D. Hermannus Buschius, & morum probitate & virtutum studiis ac liberali doctrina ita mihi hactenus cognitus atque perspectus, ut de ipso omnia vero minora dixisse videaris: quin mirisice amo hominem, affe- ctum-
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of their supporters. What should be decided about them, I may perhaps write later. Ruanus went to Strasbourg; others settled in Wittenberg, others in Jena, others in Helmstedt, so as to draw more people over to their party. May God forgive them, and unless they have been given over to a reprobate mind, may He, by righteous judgment, bring them back to the royal road. May the same illustrious and most dear friend preserve you for the public good and for letters and our studies; I too will, to the best of my ability, do my part as a friend in return. Altdorf, 6 Kalends of May, in the year 1616. EPISTLE CLXXXIV. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANNUS. Greetings. Michael Piccartus. To Lübeck, I have answered at length your letter, illustrious and most dear Kirchmann, written on the 6th day before the Kalends of January, and I entrusted the reply to the noble Lord Guldenstern, Ephor of the Swedish L. B., and to Doctor M. Laurentius Olaus Wallius, who sent it enclosed to your local merchant, a man, as I understand, of great name and not inconsiderable means, Mr. Grunewald; they confirmed to me that it had been properly cared for by him. Whether this was done or not, you will know. But before those letters of mine had been delivered to you, there came to me a living letter, your cousin, the most flourishing young man in virtue and learning, Johannes Elsvigius, recommended to me by letters from the illustrious Dr. Theodor Buscius, J.C., our mutual friend. His company, as well as that of his most honorable companions, was for me most pleasant; yet that pleasure was interrupted by my fate and by their haste, for they had come in order to depart, and stayed only one night here, making for Tübingen at first light. Conversation between Elsvigius and me was constant, as was conversation about Ruarus, concerning whom I was relating to him what I had written to you, matters which he could scarcely believe until he read his letter to me. This Ruarus had up to now lived in Strasbourg on honorable terms with the noble Margrave von Burgsdorff. But after both public rumor and the judgments of his companions had branded him guilty of Photinian impiety, the guardians of that nobleman were warned by friends, who ordered that the nobleman’s affairs be kept in his own hands and removed the young relative from under his tutelage. So a few days ago he left Strasbourg; where he has gone I do not know. It is certain, however, that he accommodated his Museum to that impiety, in which they also bound one another by the Sacrament and administered a meal, but by no means the Lord’s Supper. Yet in letters to me he seemed to contend for his innocence with regard to purity. Elsvigius told me that Dr. Buscius, when he had heard these things about him, broke out into these words: “Would that God destroy him quickly; for unless that happens, he will cause great devastation, so well does he know how to insinuate himself into people’s minds and persuade them of what he wishes”; from whose judgment I do not dissent. But leaving that aside, and praying for him a better mind, I come to your second letters, which the most accomplished young man, Mr. Hermann Buschius, brought me, a man known and so far thoroughly known to me for the probity of his character, the pursuit of virtues, and liberal learning, that you seem to have said all too little about him; indeed I love the man greatly, affect-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 257 etumque illum qua fovet, qua auget consuetudo domestica & convictus. Recepit enim tua commendatione in domum meam & convictum, frugalem quidem illum, sed qui naturæ tamen satisfaciat, neque illum, quantum intelligo, conditionis pænitet. Aperta est illi mea Bibliotheca, pateo ego, cui illud unice studium, nunquam occupatum esse amico operam dare. Id te scire volui, mi Kirchmanne, & vel ideo, ut quid de me tibi polliceri deinceps habeas in simili causa, liquido intelligas. Nova hic nulla habemus, quæ te lateant, nisi id forte novum tibi sit, quod prid. Cal. Iul. in ipso Academice natali & festivitate annua in publico foro oppidi nostri circumstante Amplissimo Scholarcharum ordine & plerisque Reip. nostræ Senatoribus, & præterea corpore Academico, & magna hospitum caterva peregrinorumque concursu libri Photinianæ insaniæ, reperti apud nostros male fascinatos adolescentes, concremati sunt, interveniente voce præconis, quæ impietatem illam dejerabat, & omnes ejus fautores complicesque exesse & ditione nostra excedere serio jubebat, idque brevi. Ubi ad operas consuetas redibimus, agmine nostro iterum coacto, quod per has ferias varie dilapsum est, edicto promulgato repetetur. Tantum erat, mi Kirchmanne, quod respondere nunc tuis visum, quæ uti non ingrata habeas, omni studio & contentione abs te peto, nam rogare, ut me porro ames, injuriam esset facere tuæ virtuti ac constantiæ. Literas Ruari ecce commode occasione oblata, quas lege & ad me redire jube. Accipe sis Satanæ technas, & ex uno Ruaro dicce omnes. Ovum ovo non est similius. Legi enim omnium apologias. B. V. vir Cl. & optimo publico vive ac flore. Syntagma annulorum avide expecto. Altorfi prid. Cal. Aug. 1616. EPISTOLA CLXXXV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Michael Piccartus. Lubecam. Clarissime & amicissime D. Kirchmanne, utque ne succenseas homini officii tardo, te oro: diu enim jam responsum debeo, sed causæ fuere hujus more, quas ut spero non adspernaberis; primum differre responsum visum, donec mittere una liceret nostra, quæ tamen, nisi tu & alii me fallunt, deletant, si non prosunt. Atque hæc causa in mea manu fuit, altera a manu illa cælesti, cui repugnare aut cornua obvertere gigantum est, non meum, qui in Christi schola profiteor discipulum. Morbus videlicet, qui mihi, negotiosissimo alias in nihil agendo homini, ingratum hebdomadum indixit otium, lectoque affixum tenuit. Nunc cum novo hoc incunte anno recolligo me paulatim, & proinde visum insimul ad te aliquid, indicinam occasionis faciente Bussio tuo, meo, juvene optimo, qui quanquam convictu meo, rebus meis ita ferentibus, excesserit, nihilo tamen secius amicitiam mecum contractam officiis quibuscunque demerendam & retinendam censet, mutuum K k inc
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LETTERS OF MEN. 257 and the domestic habit and companionship by which he is fostered and increased. For, at your recommendation, he was received into my house and into my company, a frugal man indeed, but one who nevertheless satisfies nature; nor, so far as I understand, does he regret his condition. My library is open to him; I am accessible, whose one and only pursuit is never to be occupied in refusing help to a friend. I wished you to know this, my dear Kirchmann, and for this reason too, that in a similar case you may clearly understand what you may hereafter promise yourself of me. We have no news here that would be unknown to you, except perhaps this one thing may be new to you: that on the day before the Calends of July, on the very anniversary and annual festival of the Academy, in the public market-place of our town, in the presence of the most distinguished body of Scholarchs, and of most of the Senators of our Republic, and moreover of the Academic body, and with a great gathering of guests and strangers, the books of Photinian madness, found among our badly deluded young men, were burned, the herald meanwhile proclaiming, in words denouncing that impiety, and solemnly ordering all its supporters and accomplices to depart and to go out of our jurisdiction, and that soon. When we return to our customary duties, our company, which has in various ways dispersed during these holidays, being gathered together again, this will be repeated by public edict. This was all, my dear Kirchmann, that I thought fit to reply now to yours, which I beg you to receive as not unpleasing, with all zeal and earnestness; for to ask that you continue to love me would be to do violence to your virtue and constancy. Here, by good chance, are Ruari’s letters, which you are to read and then order to be sent back to me. Please accept Satan’s contrivances, and from one Ruarus recognize them all. An egg is no more like an egg. I have read, indeed, the apologies of them all. Farewell and flourish, most learned man and most excellent supporter of the public. I eagerly await the Syntagma of Rings. Altdorf, the day before the Calends of August, 1616. EPISTLE CLXXXV. TO JOHN KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Michael Piccartus. To Lübeck. Most learned and dearest Mr. Kirchmann, and I beg you not to be displeased with a man slow in doing his duty: for I have long owed you a reply, but there were reasons for this delay, which, as I hope, you will not despise. First, it seemed best to put off replying until I could send something of my own along with it, which, however, unless you and others deceive me, only dulls the edge if it does not help. And this cause was in my own hands; the other was in that heavenly hand, against which to resist or to turn the horns is for giants, not for me, who profess myself a disciple in Christ’s school. I mean illness, which, to me, a man otherwise most busy in doing nothing, imposed an unwelcome holiday of weeks and kept me fastened to my bed. Now, as this new year begins, I am gradually recovering myself, and therefore it seemed fitting at the same time to send you something, the occasion being supplied by your, nay my, Bussius, an excellent young man, who, although he has left my household, circumstances so determining, nevertheless thinks that the friendship contracted with me ought to be deserved and maintained by every kind of service, mutual K k inc
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me cum eo faciente. Idem & literis facit noster Elsvigius Tubinga, a quo- ante dies aliquot humanissimas cum donario chartacco accepi venusto & face- to. Fabii Albergati discursus politicos contra Bodinum eruditissimos, Latio do- natos ex Italico idiomate, mihi Grutero nostro nuper typis exscribendos. Re- cepere Elzevirii Lugdunenses. Quando lucem visuri sint, dicere non ha- beo. Nunc mitto, quas superius innui, observatiunculas nostras in quibus multi me volunt pergere, multi dissuadent. Dicto tamen adhuc quædam Hermanno Buschio nostro, qui operam ad eam rem ultro mihi addixit. No- tata mihi in Excerptis, quæ juventutem forte quorundam admoneant, ad vos superioris subsellii, & qui in theatro literario in quatuordecim sedetis, ista nihil pertinent, quibus hæc domi & meliora nascuntur. Addidi & alia quæ- dam, quæ ut grata habeas rogo. Syntagma de Annulis tuum valde expeto. Movisti salivam, exple sitim, & brevi, quomodo valeas, quid rerum agas, & quo in statu res vestræ sint perscribas. Quædam enim de Dani vicini ve- stri consiliis hic, non ita læta vobis, narrantur. Turbis ille natus videtur, & turbis quidem utrimque perniciosis. Deus cohibeat hujusmodi furores. Idem te, mi Cl. Kirchmanne, sospitet & tucatur ab omni incommodo! Tume autem, quod facis, amare perge. Altorfii 7. Id. Ian. CIC. 136. XVII. EPISTOLA CLXXXVI. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Michael Piccartus. Lubeam. Adspersisti æquam literis tuis, Cl. Kirchmanne, jam enim ego tantum non in fermento jacebam, & indignabar pertinax & obstinatum tuum silen- tium. Nam longius anno nihil tuarum videram, neque quid rei ageres, ut valeres, explorare a quoquam licebat. Scripseram ego tibi & ubertim de rebus nostris, miseram etiam quædam nostra, commendaveramque Buschio nostro, cujus fidem an mercatores, hominum genus literarum negligens, fefellerint, dicere non habeo. Jubebat sane ille bene sperare, pollicebaturque adeo fore, ut recte redderentur, sed illud, quod dixi, silentium tuum incertum me omnium illarum rerum reddidit. Non memineram aliquid a me commissum, quod vinculum illud nostrum rumperet aut amoris te ambiguum redderet. Nam & Hermanum Buschium omni officio complexus sum, & Iohannem Elsvigium, proh dolor! olim tuo-meum, eo amore amavi, qui etiam in exemplum ve- nire possit. Et quanquam corporibus disjuncti fuimus, tamen per literas semper sua amicitiæ nostræ jura constiterunt tam diu, quam diu sancta illa animula custos comisque afflicti & exhausti corporis fuit, quam & defunctam acerbissime luxi, & nunc desiderium illius impatientius fero. Gratulor autem mihi, in locum illius tua commendatione successisse ornatissimum adolescen- tem Iohannem a Werlem affinem tuum, quem ob egregiam indolem & mo- destiam, pene dicam virgineam, non minus, quam quia tuus est, quiaitem per
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with me doing so. Our Elsvigius at Tübingen does the same by his letters too, from whom a few days ago I received a very kind little paper gift, handsome and witty. Fabio Albergati’s most learned political discourses against Bodin, translated into Latin from the Italian idiom, I have recently sent to our Gruter to be copied out in type. The Elzevirs of Lyon have received them. When they will see the light, I have nothing to say. Now I am sending the little observations of ours mentioned above, in which many want me to continue, many discourage me. Still, I have said something also to our Hermann Busch, who of his own accord promised me his help in that matter. What I have noted in the Excerpta may perhaps remind some of the younger sort; but to you, of the upper bench, and to those of you who sit in the literary theater in the fourteen seats, these things do not concern you, since better things are born at home in my house. I have added certain other items as well, which I ask you to receive kindly. I very much desire your Syntagma de Annulis. You have stirred my appetite; satisfy my thirst, and briefly write how you are, what you are doing, and in what state your affairs are. For some things are being reported here about the plans of your Danish neighbor, not altogether pleasing to you. He seems born for disturbances, and indeed for disturbances harmful to both sides. May God restrain such rages. May the same preserve and protect you, my most distinguished Kirchmann, from every inconvenience! And as for you, continue, as you do, to love me. Altdorf, 7th day before the Ides of January, 136. XVII. EPISTLE CLXXXVI. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Michael Piccartus. Lübeck. You have held back an equal course with your letters, most distinguished Kirchmann; for by now I was almost lying in a ferment, and I was vexed at your stubborn and obstinate silence. For for more than a year I had seen none of your letters, nor was I able to learn from anyone what you were doing or how you were faring. I had written to you myself at length about our affairs, had also sent certain things of ours, and had recommended them to our Busch, whose trust the merchants, a kind of men negligent of literature, may have deceived—I cannot say. He certainly kept urging me to hope well, and even promised that they would be properly delivered; but that silence of yours, as I said, left me uncertain about all those matters. I had not remembered any fault of mine that might break that bond of ours or make you doubtful of my affection. For I embraced Hermann Busch with every mark of duty, and Johann Elsvigius, alas, once yours and mine, I loved with such affection as might even serve as an example. And although we were separated in body, yet by letters the rights of our friendship always remained firm, as long as that holy little soul was the guardian and companion of his afflicted and exhausted body; and when she died, I mourned her most bitterly, and now I bear her loss all the more impatiently. But I congratulate myself that, in her place, through your recommendation, there has succeeded that most accomplished young man Johann von Werle, your relative, whom, because of his excellent disposition and modesty—almost, I may say, virgin-like—I esteem no less than because he is yours, because also through
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 259 per te mihi de manu in manum veluti commendatus, amo atque nihil illum Elsvigium. Argumento tibi sit, quod, ut voluisti, sine ulla tergiversatione in convictum recepi, ubi conversatur cum nobiliss. adolescentibus plerisque patriiis Norimbergensibus, aliisque egregiis & eruditis juvenibus. Condixi etiam illi operam meam in studiis Ethicis & Politicis ejusdem provehendis, quorum comitem seu socium exspectat Rostochio contubernalem suum Borussum quendam. Igitur de eo te Cl. Kirchmanne & lectissimam optimi adolescentis matrem extra curam & metum esse jubeo. Habebo tanquam filium, & commodis ipsius incumbam, & tanto quidem studiosius, quanto magis ille conqueritur de iniquitate cujusdam Rostochiani, qui pro institutione fidehi nummis illum usque ad sanguinem emungere ausus fuerit. D. Henricum Buschium saluto officiose, & dereditu ipsius ad nos libenter ex Werlino cognovi. Iuvenis est probus, & quem vellem fundamenta paulo diligentius jecisse, antequam in Academias provolasset, sed hæc dies afferet. Tu vir Excellentissime plurimum a Piccarto tui observantissimo salve & vale, & de me omnia viri boni officia tibi indubie pollicere. Et si quos bonæ frugis huc inissurus es adolescentes, illis omnia humanitatis officia & a me & a meis Collegis pollicere. Altorfii Non Maji 1616. Syntagma Annulorum tuorum ubi? De Val. Flacco lentum negotium, & in his occupationibus pene derelictum. EPISTOLA CLXXXVII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Michael Piccartus. Lubeacam. Responsum mihi debebas Cl. Kirchmanne, quod dum ego nimis diu exspecto frustra & in vanum, metus oritur, ne amicitia nostra inusu & incultu rubiginem contrahat. Malui ego igitur telam ordiri denuo, quam admittere, ut tu silendo, ego silentium silentio vindicando, dubitare etiam de animis inciperemus. Quod ita interpretabere factum, ut æquum est. Nos hic in mediis turbis vivimus, incerti, quo brevi res casuræ sint. Cæterum ut nubes has undique glomeratim coire video, tempestatem nobis eam dabunt, quam nullæ historiæ veteres locutæ sunt, secururæ vix loqui poterunt. Tota enim Europa quasi in partes secessit, jamque id Neronis usurpatur ei ui aviæsi, [n]o[n] ig[itu]r o[mn]i. Caulam horum motuum quæris? dicam sine fuco. Olim Resp. potentissimas Græcorum Demagogi, Romanam Tribunitii mucrones perforarunt. Hodie prorsus iidem Lojolitæ & Prædicantes nostri, qui cum sopire has flammas deberent, oleam suffundunt. Neque facio hic discrimen, Tros Rutulusve sint, Calvinista an Lutheranus; omnes enim æque ambitione laborant, & satagei quidam sunt, qui omnibus rebus se immisce re volunt. Hem! sic datur! Principes, si alienis auribus auditis, alienis oculis videtis, & carnificibus illis conscientiarum nimium tribuitis. Nunc Germa- Kk 2 nia
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LETTERS OF MEN. 259 by you, as if recommended to me hand to hand, I love and nothing that man Elsvigius. Let this be proof to you, that, as you wished, I have received him into my household without any evasion, where he keeps company with many noble young men, mostly natives of Nuremberg, and other excellent and learned youths. I have also promised him my assistance in advancing his studies in Ethics and Politics, for the sake of which he awaits at Rostock the company, or associate, of his fellow boarder, a certain Prussian. Therefore, concerning him, I bid you, most learned Kirchmann, and the most excellent mother of that best young man, be free from care and fear. I shall regard him as a son, and shall attend to his welfare, and indeed all the more eagerly as he complains of the injustice of a certain man of Rostock, who for the sake of fees for instruction has dared to bleed him dry even to the point of blood. I respectfully greet Mr. Henricus Buschius, and I have gladly learned from Werlino of his return to us. He is an honest young man, and one whom I could wish had laid his foundations a little more carefully before he had rushed off to the Universities; but time will bring this to light. You, most excellent man, receive the very kind greetings and farewells of your most devoted Piccartus, and be assured of all the offices of a good man from me. And if you are sending hither any young men of good character, promise them every act of kindness both from me and from my colleagues. At Altdorf, 3 May 1616. Where is the Syntagma of your Rings? The affair of Val. Flaccus is dragging on slowly, and in these occupations is almost abandoned. EPISTLE CLXXXVII. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. S. D. Michael Piccartus. To Lübeck. You owed me an answer, most learned Kirchmann; and while I have waited for it too long, in vain and to no purpose, a fear arises that our friendship, unused and uncherished, may contract rust. Therefore I preferred to begin the web anew rather than allow that, by your silence and my vindicating silence with silence, we should begin even to doubt one another’s feelings. Interpret what has been done in this way, as is fair. We live here amid the midst of troubles, uncertain whither affairs will soon fall. Besides, as I see these clouds gathering together on all sides, they will bring us such a storm as no ancient histories have spoken of, and scarcely those who are to tell it will be able to speak securely. For all Europe has, as it were, withdrawn into factions, and now that saying of Nero is being used by him who was begotten by the old woman, [n]o[n] theref[ore] al[l]. What is the cause of these movements? I shall tell you without disguise. Once the most powerful commonwealths of the Greeks were pierced by Demagogues, and the Roman by the sharp points of the Tribunes. Today it is exactly the same with our Jesuits and Preachers, who ought to quench these flames, but instead pour on oil. Nor do I here make any distinction whether they be Trojans or Rutulians, Calvinist or Lutheran; for all alike are consumed by ambition, and there are some busy men who wish to meddle in everything. Ah! so it is given! Princes, if you hear with other men’s ears, see with other men’s eyes, and trust too much to those executioners of consciences. Now Germa- Kk 2 nia
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260 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. nia alieno milite premitur, opes imperii exhauriuntur, & quod Germanis no- stris quasi suum & proprium, factiosi lingua sumus, opera inertes. Sede- mus, & militem intra viscera recepimus imperii nostri, & multam molimur, nihil efficimus, libet exclamare cum poëta, Heu quantum terra potuit pelagique parari Milite, quem nostris dudum suscepimus oris. Sed satis querclarum. Deo eventum permittamus, & Romanorum illud am- bitiosum dictum nobis proponamus; & facere & pati fortia Germanum esse. De literis nostris: nescio an inaudiveris de bello Plautino, quod Gruterus noster cum Pareo gerit, Entellus cum Darete. Doleo sane rem eo devenis- se, ut jam conviciis e trivio petitis utrimque agatur. Monui utrumque amice, & Gruterum, ne nominis sui famam extrema ætate collutularet hoc scribendi genere; illum, ne cum tanto Heroë de literis nostris præclare merito ferram reciprocaret, daret quin potius aliquid, cujus Pausanias docet. Sed ita concitatis animis rem gerunt, ut prius vitam quam rabiem posituri videantur. Sic publice non satis turbarum, nisi privatim quoque in- saniamus. Sed hæc hactenus. Ego tertiam partem observationum jam prælo paro; sed nondum habea typographum, nam qui priores partes typis descripsit decoxit, neque ei rei jam ultra par. Novus igitur quærendus mihi, de quo Ipem injecerat Parcus, sed nihil certi est tamen. Molior Lexicon Criticum, rem Herculei laboris, sed nullius aut modici ingenii, quale meum esse nosti. Colligo libros de significatione verborum, de usulocutionum ex omnibus Criticis, quam veteribus quam recentioribus. An vitam prorogaturus Deus sit, dum absolvam, in ipsius manu est. Is te, mi Kirchmanne, literis nostris sospitet, & servet etiam mihi amicum. Ita opto, ita voveo. Mitto hæc quædam nostra, quæ ut boni consulas rogo. Warlinus noster officium facit, Politica absolvit, in Hi- storicis & Eutropio hæremus. Vale iterum Altorsii 18. Febr. 1620. EPISTOLA CLXXXVIII. MICHAEL PICCARTUS. S. D. Ioanni Meursio. Nobilissimorum Barnefeldiorum Ephoro. Cum multi his diebus apud me instarent, Vir Cl. & Amice Pl. hono- rande, ut orationem, quam hisce proximis diebus, te etiam auscultan- se, habui, publice typis exscriptam, omnibus communicem, pene ad sensus tan- dem ipsis sum. Idque facere cogito rationibus, mihi domi natis, aliisque ad- ductus; quam Nobilissimis Tuis Barnefeldiis inscribere, pro more recepto cogito Sed cogito solum, neque enim facturus unquam sum, nisi & tibi & ipsis gratum hoc esse intelligam. Itaque pro amicitia nostra, quam tam benigne mihi obtulisti, tam humaniter & egregiis documentis ostendisti, te rogo Cl. Vir, ut sincere dixeris, quid de hoc instituto meo tibi videatur, tribus verbis aperies. Item quot
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260 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. ... the land is oppressed by foreign soldiery, the resources of the empire are being drained, and what is, as it were, our own and proper possession for us Germans, we are factious in speech, sluggish in action. We sit still, and have received the soldier into the very bowels of our empire, and we undertake much, accomplish nothing; one is tempted to cry out with the poet, Alas, how much land and sea could have been provided With the soldier whom we long ago received on our shores. But enough of complaints. Let us commit the outcome to God, and let that boastful Roman saying be set before us: that it is German to do and to endure brave things. As for our literary matters: I do not know whether you have heard of the Plautine war, which our Gruter wages with Pareus, Entellus with Dares. I am truly sorry that the matter has come to this point, that on both sides it is now carried on with insults gathered from the street. I advised both of them kindly, and Gruter not to stain the reputation of his name in extreme age with this manner of writing; and the other not to bandy back the iron against so great a Hero, who has deserved so well of our literature, but rather to yield something, as Pausanias teaches. But they conduct the affair with such inflamed minds that they seem likely to lay down their lives before their rage. Thus, in public, there is not trouble enough unless we are mad in private as well. But enough of this. I am already preparing the third part of my Observations for the press; but I still have no printer, for the one who printed the earlier parts has gone bankrupt, and there is now no further help from him in that matter. A new one must therefore be sought for me; Parcus had held out hope of one, but there is still nothing certain. I am working on a Critical Lexicon, a task of Herculean labor, but one requiring no great or only modest talent, such as you know mine to be. I am collecting books on the meanings of words and on the use of expressions from all the critics, both ancient and recent. Whether God will prolong my life until I finish it lies in His hands. May He, my dear Kirchmann, preserve you for our literature, and keep you as a friend to me as well. So I wish, so I pray. I send these few things of mine, which I ask you to receive kindly. Our Warlinus is doing his duty; he has finished the Politics, and in the Historical works and Eutropius we are stuck. Farewell again. Altorsii, 18 February 1620. EPISTLE CLXXXVIII. MICHAEL PICCARTUS. S. D. To Ioannes Meursius. Guardian of the noblest Barnefelds. Since many people these days have been pressing me, most distinguished Sir and much-honored friend, to publish in print for all to share the speech which I gave on these recent days, when you too were listening, I have at last almost come round to their view. And I intend to do this, moved by reasons born at home to me and by others as well; and I think to dedicate it, according to custom, to your most noble Barnefelds. But I only think of it, for I shall never do it unless I understand that this will be pleasing both to you and to them. Therefore, for the sake of our friendship, which you have so kindly offered me and so humanely and with excellent proofs shown, I ask you, distinguished Sir, to say sincerely what seems to you of this plan of mine; you will explain it in three words. Likewise how many
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 261 quot adhuc dies Nobilissimi tui hic commoraturi sint, ut editio vel maturetur, vel trahatur, vellem enim in ultimum eorum vale, & discessum oblationem dilatam. Tu, Cl. Meursi, quæso libere & candide mone, & a me omnem observantiam, omniaque studia, quæ ab amico proficisci possunt, tibi pollice- re. Atque heus! si Epigrammate me beare voles, quod laboribus Valerianis aliquando præfigatur, magno me mactaris beneficio. Vale Vir clarissime, & Piccartum tuum, si meretur porro quoque ama. Altorsii ipso die Lauren- tii An. CIC DC VII. EPISTOLA CLXXXIX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Martinus Ruarus. Rostochium, Proximis Lipsensibus literas ad te Rittershusii cum exemplaribus Salviani duo- bus misi, quæ si tam recte, quam ego tuas iisdem nundinis, accepisti, uterque ut spero valde lætabimur. Serius autem nunc respondeo, quod ni- hil eorum interesset, quæ ad te scriberem, quæ ne quidem Studiorum meorum eadem quæ prius est ratio, nisi quod paulatim supercilium ab amoenioribus ad severiores Musas subducam: cujus consilii nec auctores mi- hi desunt, nec duces. Sitzmannus adhuc apud nos est: nescio quamdiu fu- turus, aventer enim patriam recogitat: si modo pestis, quæ locis illis hacte- nus violento imperio dominata fuit, aliquantum remittat. Sollicitaverat eum Patronus suus ingentibus præmiis, ut in Galliam & Italiam cum discipulis, quorum nunc præest studiis, iret: sed alio trahit ipsum magnes suus, Varisca puella forma & moribus, ut audio, insignis: tum ætas hominis est, ut ab hoc desultorio vitæ genere ad fixam sedem transire debeat. Habet adhuc sub manu Rutilii itinerarium, quod in publicum cum luculento dabit commenta- rio, quam primum in libertatem, ut ait, a pulverese pædagogico vindicaverit. Vita Antonini Imperatoris Lipsiæ typis nunc describitur, in cujus speculo Rittershusius o imaginem boni Principis, sed ad Historiam paulo, quam Antonius Guevara verius, repræsentat. Quod nunc scribam, ei præfari liceat, Scipio Gentilis tandem fecit quod ante xx annos oportue- rat fecisse: dedit se in vincula (an pungo te? pone metum) Venerisne dicam an Junonis? parum curans quod poëta occentet, Turpesenex miles. Nosti cæ- tera. Virgo quam in matrimonium ducet Norimbergæ vivit, nata patre Ita- lo, Calendrino, viro nobili & ditissimo, matre Belgica. Ipsa non formosa magis quam docta, utpote quæ Italice Galliceque tam scit, quam Germanice, ac necio an etiam Latine. Altorphii a. d. XIV. Kal. Ian. Juliani A. Epochæ Christianæ cIC ICX XI. Kk 3 EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 261 how many more days your most noble friend will stay here, so that the edition may either be hastened, or delayed; for I should wish the offering to be postponed until their final farewell and departure. You, learned Meursius, I beg, advise me freely and candidly, and I promise you from me all respect, and every service that can come from a friend. And, hey! if you should wish to honor me with an Epigram, to be placed at some time before the Valerian labors, you would confer on me a great benefit. Farewell, most excellent man, and continue to love your Piccartus too, if he deserves it. At Altorsf, on the day itself of Laurence, in the year 1607. EPISTLE CLXXXIX. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Martin Ruarus. Rostock, With the latest Lipsian books I sent to you through Rittershusius letters, together with two copies of Salvian, which, if you received them as correctly as I received yours at the same fair, I hope we shall both greatly rejoice. But I now answer later, because there was nothing in what I had to write to you that was of importance; nor is the condition of my studies now the same as before, except that little by little I am drawing my attention away from the more pleasant to the more serious Muses: for this plan I lack neither advisers nor guides. Sitzmann is still with us; I know not how long he will remain, for he eagerly thinks of his homeland, if only the plague, which has hitherto ruled those regions with violent sway, should somewhat abate. His patron had tempted him with great rewards to go to France and Italy with the pupils whose studies he now directs; but his own magnet draws him elsewhere, namely a Variscan girl, famous, as I hear, for beauty and character. Moreover, the man is of such an age that he ought to pass from this unsettled way of life to a fixed abode. He still has under his hand the itinerary of Rutilius, which he will publish with a splendid commentary as soon as he has, as he says, freed it from the pedagogical dust. The life of the Emperor Antoninus is now being printed at Leipzig, in the mirror of which Rittershusius presents the image of a good prince, though somewhat more in the manner of history, and more truly than Antonius Guevara. What I am now about to write may be prefaced by this: Scipio Gentilis has at last done what ought to have been done twenty years ago: he has put himself in chains (am I pricking you? lay aside your fear). Shall I call it of Venus or of Juno? caring little what the poet sings, “An old soldier is ugly.” You know the rest. The maiden whom he will take in marriage lives in Nuremberg, born of an Italian father, Calendrinus, a noble and very wealthy man, and a Belgian mother. She herself is not more beautiful than learned, since she knows Italian and French as well as German, and I know not whether also Latin. At Altdorf, on the 14th day before the Kalends of January, Julian year 1611 of the Christian era. Kk 3 EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CLXXX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Martinus Ruarus. Restochium SAtis tu quidem benigne Cl Dn. Kirchmanne, qui literas meas vix sa telegi dignas tantorum virorum ipsiusque Doctissimi Principis oculis subjicis: quod quamvis tenuitatis meæ conscius ægre fuerim admissurus, si vetare possum, nunc tamen, postquam factum est, in honorem meum interpretor, tuique vim amoris agnosco, qui securus aliorum judicii, tui oblitus, me quasi per vitrum intueris, adeoque vero tibi majorem fingis. Sed tu cogita, quomodo factum excuses: ego quidem hoc pretio sæpius ejusmodi tibi quisquillas vendere vellem, nisi modestia mihi legem aliam ferret. Unum tamen memorare non omittam spectaculum Onoltzbachii præterito mense, cum Joachimus Ernestus Marchio, Sophiaque Solmensis Comes, pulchrum sine exemplo par, nuptias facerent, præter acroamata vulgaria publicæ festivitati solenniter exhibitum; in quo sequar narrationem amici cujusdam mei qui spectator interfuit, fidelem magis quam doctam, ut e vestigio patebit. Certamen fuit , quod annulare fere vocant; id ipse Marchio satis splendide obivit. Præter Ministros scutatos & , tympanotribas, cornicines, tubicines, fidicines, ludionumque gregem illum procedebat Mercurius anteambulo, mox equitabant tres augusta forma heroës Achilles, Hector & Ajax, quorum personam sumpserant Marchio, Christianus Anhaldinus, & Comes Solmensis. Sequebatur Hercules catenatum ducens cerberum, qui flammas obluctando vomebat. Hinc curru cum omnis generis armis Mars somnum capiens provehebatur; cujus vestigia virgo Pax multum diversis moribus pedes legens, oleæ ramum manu prætendebat. Arioni quoque delphinus aquis innatans tergum substraverat, qui tum recte non minus caveæ, quam olim mari circumfusos populos barbiti dulcedine in admirationem suspendebat. Crederes accensum æmulatione Phæbum pugnam post Marsyæ fatum desitam majoribus animis redintegrare: ita pone vectus equo, sonos testudinis varios artificio miro acuebat; ac nescio, an non dishus dubio victorix eventui Sorores in auxilium vocaverit. Parnassus enim quantum apparebat, totum illum chorum Musarum adduxerat, quæ juxta Hippocrenen accubantes, cum exsilientium undarum strepitu numeros suos exquisita symphonia confundeant. Iam currus ab oloribus trahebatur, in quo Venus Dormiens sinistra manu cor duobus transfixum jaculis ostentabat. Præcedebant vero Charites in equis habitu partim candido, partim viridi: a tergo mulier cum face Cupidinem, ut ajebant, amissum quæritabat: hanc Bacchus Ceresque, demum Juno, Dianaque securæ pompæ celebritatem claudebant. Ter ita lustrato Circo, mons alius a læva se parte diduxit, in eoque consistens Jupiter trisulco pilo fulmen excussit, juxtaque
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Most illustrious and learned. Epistle CLXXX. To Joanni Kirchmanno. S.D. Martinus Ruarus. Restochium You are indeed very kind, Cl. Dn. Kirchmanne, who place my letters, scarcely worthy to be read, before the eyes of such great men and of the most learned Prince himself: although, conscious of my own smallness, I should have been reluctant to allow this, if I could prevent it; yet now, since it has happened, I take it as an honor to myself, and I recognize your force of affection, who, secure of others’ judgment and forgetful of your own, look upon me as though through a glass, and thus imagine me to be greater than I truly am. But consider how you will excuse what has been done: I certainly would like, at this price, to sell you such trifles more often, unless modesty imposed another law upon me. One thing, however, I shall not omit to mention: the spectacle at Onoltzbach in the past month, when Joachim Ernestus, Margrave, and Sophia, Countess of Solms, a beautiful pair without example, celebrated their nuptials, besides the customary entertainments solemnly exhibited to the public festivity; in describing which I shall follow the account of a certain friend of mine, who was present as a spectator, more faithful than learned, as will straightway appear. There was an contest, which they almost call annular; the Margrave himself carried it out with sufficient splendor. Besides the armored attendants, drummers, horn-blowers, trumpeters, fiddlers, and that troop of entertainers, Mercury went before as usher; soon there rode three heroes of august form, Achilles, Hector, and Ajax, whose parts were taken by the Margrave, Christianus Anhaldinus, and the Count of Solms. Hercules followed, leading chained Cerberus, who in struggling vomited forth flames. After him Mars was borne in a chariot with arms of every kind, taking sleep; behind him the maiden Peace, walking on foot with manners very unlike his, extended a branch of olive in her hand. Arion also, with a dolphin swimming in the waters, had set his back beneath him, and then, no less than once in the cave than formerly amid the peoples surrounding the sea, he held them suspended in admiration by the sweetness of his lyre. You would have thought Phoebus, kindled by emulation, was renewing the battle, ceased after the fate of Marsyas, with greater courage: thus seated behind on horseback, with marvelous skill he sharpened the varied sounds of the lyre; and I know not whether he did not call the Sisters to his aid for the uncertain outcome of the victory. For Parnassus, as far as could be seen, had brought with him that whole chorus of the Muses, who, lying beside Hippocrene, mingled their strains with exquisite harmony and the sound of the leaping waves. Now the chariot was drawn by swans, in which Sleeping Venus, with her left hand, displayed a heart pierced by two darts. The Graces went before on horses, partly in white, partly in green dress: at the rear a woman with a torch was, as they said, seeking Cupid, lost; Bacchus and Ceres, and finally Juno and Diana, closed the pageantry in peaceful celebration. Thus the Circus having been traversed three times, another mountain detached itself on the left side, and standing upon it Jupiter hurled a thunderbolt with his three-forked spear, and alongside
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 263 taque Cupido artifices ignes in Martem immisit, unde conterritus, secuto simul tormenti crassioris (Mortarium indigitant) ictu, somnum oculis pe- nitus abstersit. Paulo post, cum Venus illac prætervcheretur, Cupido arte intorto telo cor, quod Mater manu gestabat, inflamnavit, ex quo statim evigilans natum ad se in currum recepit. Iulii vero Wittenbergensis Ducis apparatus uno trium rotarum curru, quem equi alati a singulis anni partibus denominati trahebant, visendus fuit: de cætero nihil insigne præ se tulit, ut nec Baronis Waldstenii legati Cæsarei, nec Oetingensis Comitis. Marchio Durlachius Comites suos ad Æthiopum similitudinem colore noctis infecerat, inter quos unus incassum solus proverbii fidem astruebat. Franciscus Grie- chingensis Comes, quem suo nomine Austriæ Archidux Leopoldus adesse jusserat, venatorio cultu pulcherrimam scenam explicuerat, in qua Diana cum Nymphis aliquot, Faunis item, Satyrisque spectaculi novitate facile cunctos incenderat. Historiam habes: nunc assem præbe. De comitiorum loco incertus rumor nunc Ratisbonam inclinat, nunc Norimbergam, quæ spes Varenhol- tium meum retenuit hactenus, ne cum aliis, quos Altorphio contages expulit, longius, quam huc, ad asylum confugeret: cui non difficulter consensi. Quod eo modo temporis aliquod lucrum mihi prorogari possit, cui alias propria quadra jam esuriendum esset. Nequid enim te celem, mi Domine, videtur mihi Varenholtius, quam primum his ex locis discesserit, id quod adulto vere certo fiet, bonis literis remissurus nuncium, seque potius appli- citurus, tum ad choreas exoticas, equorum agitationem, pugilatum, alia- que exercitia gymnastica, tum ad linguæ fortassis Gallicæ studium, in quo cum opera mea parum illi prodesse queat, futurum metuo, ut ab ipso dimit- tar; quamvis nec mihi dixerit istud hactenus, & te meminisse, cum ad illum scripseris, prorsus nolim. Sed de illo, quod futurum impendet, videat, qui de crastino nos sollicitos esse vetuit, in quo mea spes acquiescit: interim præsentia lætus capiam, quæ nunc se dant aliquanto felicius, postquam re- mittere visa lues ad stationem nos pristinam consuetasque studiorum operas, a quibus per sex dierum hebdomadas absumus, tandem revocat. Quam- vis equidem non sine victima nostra pacem hanc e cælis impetravi- mus, quoniam proximo tempore, morbi tamen alio genere, quam epidemico, sublati fuerunt e vivis amicissimi Rittershusii filiola, non- dum trimestris, & excellentissimus Ernestus Sonerus Professor, cui viro, sicut fassus publice fuit Magnificus Dn. Piccartus, cum funus indiceret, in illa sublimiori Philosophia parem Germania vix habet, majorem non inve- niet. Pæne etiam ipsi nostro Rittershusio morbus recidivus aliquid triste nuper minatus fuerat, quod tamen Deus clementer avertitne dicam, an distulit? utinam in aërem mala dissipentur omnia! Is dedit publico nuper con- jecturarum reliquias in Panegyricos Veteres, quas fortassis, ut existimo, ti- bi jam transmisit. Cæterum, quod libros hinc nonnullos proximis tuis li- teris petiveras: mallem Francofurtenses indices ipse percurreres, & si quid inveni-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 263 So Cupid sent his fiery weapons against Mars, and, terrified by this, together with the blow of a heavier kind of missile, which they call a mortar, he completely wiped sleep from his eyes. Shortly afterward, as Venus was passing by that way, Cupid with a cleverly bent shaft inflamed the heart which the Mother was carrying in her hand; and immediately, waking, she received her son into her chariot. But the display of Julius, Duke of Wittenberg, was worth seeing: a chariot with three wheels, drawn by winged horses named after the several parts of the year. Otherwise he showed nothing remarkable, any more than did the ambassador of Baron Waldstenius or the Count of Oetingen. The Margrave of Durlach had dyed his attendants the color of night, in imitation of the Ethiopians, among whom one man alone, to no purpose, was confirming the truth of the proverb. Count Francis Griechingen, whom Archduke Leopold of Austria had ordered to be present in his own name, had produced a most beautiful scene in hunting dress, in which Diana with some Nymphs, as well as Fauns and Satyrs, had easily kindled everyone by the novelty of the spectacle. You have the story: now hand over the coin. As for the place of the assembly, uncertain rumor now leans toward Regensburg, now toward Nuremberg; this hope has so far kept my Varenholt from fleeing with the others, whom the contagion has driven from Altdorf, to a refuge farther away than here: to which I readily agreed. In this way some gain of time may be granted me, whereas otherwise I would already be forced to go hungry on my own ration. For not to hide anything from you, my Lord, it seems to me that as soon as Varenholt has departed from these places, which will surely happen with the coming of spring, he will send word that he is withdrawing from the study of good letters, and will rather apply himself, first, to foreign dances, riding, boxing, and other gymnastic exercises, and then perhaps to the study of the French language; and since my work can be of little use to him there, I fear it will come about that I shall be dismissed by him, although he has not yet said so to me, and I would by no means wish you to remember it when you write to him. But let him look to that which hangs over the future; he who forbade us to be anxious about tomorrow, in whom my hope rests. Meanwhile I shall gladly take what is present, which now presents itself somewhat more happily, after the plague seemed to be remitting and was calling us back to our former station and accustomed studies, from which we have been absent for six weeks. Although indeed we have not obtained this peace from heaven without our victim, since in the recent time, however from another kind of illness than the epidemic, the very dear little daughter of Rittershusius was taken from life, not yet three months old, and the most excellent Ernest Sonerus, Professor, of whom the Magnificent Mr. Piccartus publicly admitted, when he announced the funeral, that in that higher Philosophy Germany scarcely has his equal, and will not find a greater. Even to our own Rittershusius himself a recurring illness had lately threatened something sad, which God, however, mercifully averted, or shall I say delayed? Would that all evils may be dispersed into the air! He recently published for the public the remainder of his conjectures on the Ancient Panegyrics, which perhaps, as I think, he has already sent to you. Moreover, as for the books which you had asked for in your last letters from here: I would rather you yourself went through the Frankfurt catalogues, and if anything you inveni-
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264 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. invenenis, quod istic haberi commode non possit, nominatim ad me per- scribas, ne perdam officium judicii temeritate, ea nimirum mittendo, quæ tuo fortassis palato minus sapiant. Et vides alias, quam steriles bo- narum rerum sint Typographi, circumquaque nobis vicini: Norimbergenses vix toto semestri Heuthneri itinerarium procuderunt, quod mittam for- tassis ad te nundinis Lipsensibus brumalibus, si probari Doctoribus nostris prius animadvertero: unus Schonfeldius Ambergensis hujus Provinciæ lau- dem sustinere videtur, & in illo præcipue genere lætioris Musæ cum paucis triumphat. Varenholtius tibi plurimam salutem nunciat: tu quæso meis ver- bis, cum commodum erit, Clmo viro D. Theodoro Bussio, cujus lite- ris respondebo, quam primum Altorphium reversus his incertæ vitæ tumul- tibus exsolvat. Vale column studiorum meorum. Norimbergæ. a. d. VII. anno Aëræ Dionys Novembr. MDCLII. EPISTOLA CLXXXI. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Martinus Ruarus. Rostockium. Scripsi ad te fere jam ante trimestre, cumque nihil literarum ex eo tem- pore receperim, expectatione diuturna frustra luctatus animum induxi mucrone styli tantisper vos fodicare, donec ab aliis occupationibus, quæ sunt fortasse graviores, excitati pristinam scribendi consuetudinem repetatis. Ignosce, Clme Kirchmanne, libertati sermonis, quem purus affectus mihi dictat, & apud te tam candidum amicum, ut reor etiam permittit. Ne sint tamen, ut pleræque omnes, inanes meæ literæ, quandam de transitu Cæsaris per hæc loca tibi narrationem contexam, mihi quidem, cum e memoria in tabulas retulero, quæ præsentibus antea sensibus arbitrabar, jucundam, tibi vero, ut opinor, lectu non plane ingratam. Ab utraque parte plateæ quæ à porta hospitali, usque ad arcem protenditur, stabat armata manus pedi- tum quasi quater millium: equites quinquaginta supra octingentos ob- viam Cæsari processerunt, splendide omnes & uniformiter vestiti chlamysin albis limbo rubro simbriatis, pileis item albis cristisque rubris. Columnæ triumphales duæ pontem carnarium egregio spectaculo decorabant: arcus pen- debant tres diversis in locis: paulo ante ipsam arcem splendebat porta triplex, tum imaginibus decem Imperatorum domus Austriacæ satis eleganter pictis, tum simulacris quatuor summorum Monarcharum, quatuor partium mundi, quatuor virtutum primariarum e gypso affabre fictis, insignibus item Electo- rum ipsiusque Imperatoris, multis præterea Emblematis, quæ facilius peniculo quam penna describuntur, ad miraculum exornata. Faltigium hujus portæ tenebant aquilæ tres, quarum una sceptrum, altera pomum, tertia eaque media virilis magnitudinis coronam unguibus comprehenderat, seque adven- tante Rege, aliquoties convertere, caput inclinare, & alas quater poterat. Ibi-
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264 MOST CLEAR AND LEARNED. If there are any books which can be conveniently obtained there, you should write to me specifically, so that I may not destroy the usefulness of judgment by rashness, sending those things which perhaps may be less to your taste. And you see how barren the local typographers around us are in good works: the Nuremberg printers have scarcely produced Heuthner’s itinerary in a whole half-year, which perhaps I shall send to you at the Leipzig winter fair, if I first notice that it has been approved by our Doctors. Only Schonfeld of Amberg seems to uphold the reputation of this province, and in that particular kind of lighter Muse he triumphs with a few others. Varenholt sends you many greetings: I ask you, in my name, when it is convenient, to pay the distinguished man D. Theodor Bussius, to whose letter I shall reply, as soon as he returns to Altdorf, his release from these tumults of uncertain life. Farewell, pillar of my studies. Nuremberg, on the 7th day, in the year of the Dionysian Era, November 1652. EPISTLE CLXXXI. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Martinus Ruarus. Rostock. I wrote to you almost three months ago now, and since I have received no letters from you since then, after a long and vain struggle with expectation I resolved for the present to prick you with the point of my pen, until, roused from other occupations, which are perhaps more serious, you return to your former custom of writing. Forgive me, most distinguished Kirchmann, the freedom of my speech, which pure affection dictates to me, and which, as I believe, is also permitted by you, a friend so sincere. Yet lest my letters, like almost all others, be empty, I shall weave for you some account of Caesar’s passage through these regions, an account which, once I have committed to paper what I had previously judged from present impressions, is indeed pleasant to me, and, as I think, not altogether unpleasing to read for you. On both sides of the street which extends from the hospital gate to the citadel stood an armed body of foot soldiers, about four thousand strong: more than eight hundred horsemen advanced to meet Caesar, all splendidly and uniformly dressed in white cloaks bordered with red fringe, and likewise in white caps with red plumes. Two triumphal columns adorned the butcher’s bridge with a splendid spectacle; three arches hung in different places; just before the citadel itself there shone a triple gate, then with ten images of the Emperors of the Austrian house painted quite elegantly, then with statues of the four greatest Monarchs, the four parts of the world, and the four principal virtues, skilfully fashioned in plaster, likewise with the insignia of the Electors and of the Emperor himself, and with many other Emblems, which are more easily described with a brush than with a pen, adorned to the point of wonder. The crest of this gate was held by three eagles, one of which had grasped a scepter, another an apple, and the third, the middle one, a crown in its claws of manly size; and as the King arrived, they were able several times to turn, bow their heads, and spread their wings. The-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 265 Ibidem quoque Musici variis artis suæ instrumentis aërem usque ad Syrenum invidiam permulcebant. Rebus ita dispositis urbem eques ingressus est Im- perator postridie Kal. Jul. subter holoserico velo, quod portabant Senatores sex ex illis, qui recens adlecti inter juniores numerantur. Ter in turribus explosus tormentis majoribus pulvis pyrius fumo & Salmonæo tonitru coelum pene conterruit. Primo, cum extra urbem Imperator a Senatoribus quatuor rei militari præfectis, quinque item ex iis, quos Septemviros vocant, exciperetur; secundo cum a XII. Patribus intimi consiliis sub Urbis porta, demum cum in ipsa arce a. d. v. Non. Jul. homagium in conclavi præstiterunt Se- natores: sub dio vero cives; cum prius in editiore theatro extra curiam por- recto Cæsar præsedisset, Wackerus Cæsaris nomine perorasset. Paulo post honoraria osterebantur, quinque currus avena, totidem vinis variis onusti: pisces aliquot orcas impleverant: accedebat poculum aureum ingentis magnitu- dinis, mille aureis æstimatum. Hæc ad ipsum Imperatorem spectabant: Cæsa- rissæ vero mensa ex ebore donata fuit, præter quod argento vermiculati ope- ris præfulgebat, ipsa quoque octingentis aureis stipata. Ut autem reliquos aulæ administros silentio præteream, quorum non pauci muneribus mactati sunt, catenulam certe Nello, qui Cæsari est a jocis, datam tacere non de- beo propter facetum responsum, quod exinde natum est. Cæsar occasione muneris illius ad Nellum conversus dixerat, vides, mi Nelle, quantos ho- nores nobis Norimbergenses exhibeant, quam vero gratiam referemus? Re- spondens Nellus, ehodum inquit, Cæsar, an istud ignoras? crucem in foro excita, Cleseliumque tuum dicrectum in illa age, gratius certe Norimber- gensibus nihil facere poteris. Encor Zenodoti; en jecur Cratetis! est vero Cleselius Episcopus Viennæ Austriacæ, magna Cæsaris efflorescens gratia, sed qui sæpenumero materiam incendiis reipub. Christianæ constandis contu- lit. Eadem vespera artifices ignes per aërem jaculati sunt, satis tamen inau- spicate: siquidem ancilla pyrobolo tacta animam exspiravit; quidam etiam senex ab equis repentino fulgore perterritis conculcatus est; sunt & alii vulne- rati, nec necesse habeo recensere, quot pilei, aut pallia, pallæve inter fa- rum manus strangulatæ perierint. Tertio iduum Imperator convivium quæ- sitissimis epulis celebravit, cui præter ipsum & Cæsarissam adfuerunt Elector Coloniensis Ferdinandus, Episcopus Argentinensis & Passaviensis, Leopoldus Austriacus (quem cum Cæsare certis hic conditionibus in gratiam redegit Co- loniensis) Episcopus Bambergensis Gothofredus Asihusius, Marchio Bur- gaviensis, Carolus ab Austria frater Cæsarissæ consanguineus, tres Marchiones Brandenburgenses, Christianus, qui Culmbachii aulam fixit, Joachimus Er- nestus, qui Onoltzbachii, & tertius de cujus nomine mihi non liquet, ul- timus denique Princeps Anhaldinus Joachimus Ernestus. Versati sunt alias Norimbergæ eodem tempore nuncius Apostolicus Episcopus Amelphitanus, Legatus Hispanicus Balthasar de Geniga, Gallicus nescio quis, alius tamen a Bongarsio, item Florentinus & Bavarus: Comites vero & Barones tot, ut co- LI rum
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LETTERS OF MEN. 265 There also musicians with various instruments of their art soothed the air almost to the envy of the Sirens. Matters thus arranged, the mounted Emperor entered the city on the following day, the day before the Kalends of July, beneath a silk veil borne by six senators, who, recently enrolled, are counted among the younger members. Three times, from the towers, larger cannon were fired, and the smoke and the Salmonean thunder of the gunpowder nearly shook the sky. First, when outside the city the Emperor was met by four senators in charge of military affairs, as well as by five of those whom they call the Seven Men; second, when the senators rendered homage in an inner chamber beneath the city gate, at the a. d. v. Nones of July in the very citadel; then the citizens did so in the open air, after Caesar had first presided in a more elevated theatre set up outside the council chamber, and Wacker had delivered an address in Caesar’s name. A little later honorary gifts were displayed: five wagons laden with oats, just as many with various wines; some fish had filled several orcas; and there was also a golden cup of enormous size, valued at a thousand gold coins. These were meant for the Emperor himself; but to the Empress was given a table of ivory, besides which it shone with silver work of marquetry, and it too was stocked with eight hundred gold coins. But to pass over in silence the other attendants of the court, many of whom were heaped with gifts, I certainly must not omit the chain given to Nello, Caesar’s jester, because of the witty reply that arose from it. Caesar, on the occasion of that gift, had turned to Nello and said: “You see, my Nello, what honors the Nurembergers show us; how shall we repay their kindness?” Nello replying said, “Come now, Caesar, do you not know that? Set up a cross in the marketplace, and hang your Cleselius from it; you could certainly do nothing more pleasing to the Nurembergers.” “Encor Zenodoti; en jecur Cratetis!” But Cleselius is the Bishop of Vienna in Austria, enjoying great favor with Caesar, yet one who very often contributed material for the kindling of fires in the Christian commonwealth. That same evening the artificers shot fireworks through the air, though not without ill omen: for an attendant girl, struck by a pyrotechnic device, gave up her life; and a certain old man was also trampled by horses frightened by the sudden flash; there were others wounded as well, and I need not recount how many hats, cloaks, or shawls perished, strangled between the hands in the confusion around the pyrotechnics. On the third of the Ides the Emperor celebrated a banquet with the most exquisite dishes, at which, besides himself and the Empress, were present Ferdinand, Elector of Cologne; the Bishop of Strasbourg and Passau; Leopold of Austria, whom the Cologne Elector here brought back into favor with Caesar under certain conditions; Gothofredus Asihusius, Bishop of Bamberg; the Margrave of Burgau; Charles of Austria, the Empress’s brother and cousin; three Brandenburg Margraves, Christian, who established his court at Kulmbach, Joachim Ernest, who did so at Onolzbach, and a third whose name is not clear to me; and lastly the Prince of Anhalt, Joachim Ernest. At Nuremberg at the same time were also present the Apostolic Nuncio, the Bishop of Amelphita; the Spanish envoy Balthasar de Geniga; a French envoy, I know not whom, though someone other than Bongars; likewise a Florentine and a Bavarian; and Counts and Barons in such numbers that...
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266 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. rum numerum subducere nemo facile quiverit. Demum VIII. eid. Pragam rediit Imperator eadem pompa, qua huc est ingressus. Habes historiam satis prolixam, cui verbum amplius non addam, si te prius a Varenholtio meo salvere jussero, qui simul interrogat, numquid literas a se jampridem datas acceperis? Vale, alpha amicorum meorum. 2. d. vi. Eid. Jul. EPISTOLA CLXXXII. L. RHODOMANUS. S. D. F. Kirchmano. Rostochium. Biennium deccurrit, cum nihil abs te literarum mihi redditum est. Ultimas enim statim post discessum a Witzendorfis, accepi. Nec ubi locorum hæreres mihi constitit hactenus, nisi quod nuper admodum te Professorium apud Rostochienses munus gerere, indicio tamen obscuro, cognovi. Intervæ igitur sunt & deperditæ, si quas per intervallum hoc ad me eurandas dederis. Mihi per biennium hoc, ex quo avulla est conjux optima, perpetuus cum scribibus & stomachica fuit agon, imo : ubi natura jam succumbit, jam eluctatur. Irritum namque subsidium . Interea præclarum opus tuum de funeribus Romanorum cum immortali nominis tui fama exiisse audio. Macte novosque tibi ad exornandam, quam nactus es, spartam animos sume. Et sine carmen hoc tuum aliquid divini nobis polliceri. Diodorus quoque meus & Calaber lucem adspexerunt: sed multis in partibus quam deformes & monstrosi! obstetricantium incuria ne dicam an injuria? proximis diebus disticha Catonis, & Publii Syri Mimijambos a Scaligero non redditos verti. Tironibus enim Græci sermonis libellum adorno, studiis illorum magis aptum, quam sunt, qui a vulgo Magistellorum invitis Musis obtruduntur: modo a Typographis (ut fortunæ mos est meæ) non destituar. Vale III. Non. Octobr. A. C. CIVIDCV. EPISTOLA CLXXXIII. JACOBO BORDINGO. S. D. Ioannes Caselius. Lubetam. Commoditatem ad te scribendi negligendam non putavi. Hic ab id. Oct. novæ calamitati objecti fuimus: & ab eo principio novam dissipationem Academica metuere coepimus: & si juventus maximam partem hic ad Martium, immo plerique ad Apilem, apud nos perseverarunt: qui cesserunt, brevi redituri credebantur, & redire constituerant, si metus belli tolleretur. Affulsit etiam aliquoties spes pacis, nec tamen nisi per densam nebulam, ut nulla sequeretur serenitas. Cum de compositione tot modis tentata desperatum esset, itum est ad extremum remedium. Depromserunt enim legati de- cre-
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266 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. ...no one could easily make up the number. At length, on the eighth day before the Ides, the Emperor returned to Prague with the same pomp with which he had come here. You have the history, sufficiently long; I shall add no more word to it, if first I bid you farewell from my Varenholt, who at the same time asks whether you have already received the letters long ago sent by him? Farewell, the alpha of my friends. 2d. vi. Eid. Jul. EPISTLE CLXXXII. L. RHODOMANUS. S. D. To F. Kirchmann. Rostock. Two years have gone by since I have had nothing from you in reply to my letters. For your last I received immediately after your departure from the Witzendorfs. Nor has it been settled by me where in the world you are lingering, except that quite recently, though by a somewhat obscure indication, I learned that you were holding the professorial post among the Rostock people. My letters in the interval therefore have been lost, if you had entrusted any to be conveyed to me during this time. For these two years, since my excellent wife was taken away, there has been a continual struggle with scribblers and with stomach troubles, indeed: where nature is already yielding, it is now striving. For the support is ineffectual. Meanwhile I hear that your excellent work on the funerals of the Romans has come forth with the immortal fame of your name. Keep at it, and take fresh courage to adorn the Spartan task you have obtained. And let this poem of yours promise us something divine. My Diodorus too and the Calabrian have seen the light: but in many parts how misshapen and monstrous they are! Shall I not say through the negligence, or rather the wrongdoing, of the midwives? In the past few days I have translated the Distichs of Cato, and the Mimes of Publilius Syrus not rendered by Scaliger. For I am preparing a little book for beginners in the Greek language, more suited to their studies than those which are forced upon them by the crowd of schoolmasters, against the Muses’ will; only may I not be deserted by the printers (as is the habit of my fortune). Farewell. III. Non. Octobr. A. C. CIVIDCV. EPISTLE CLXXXIII. TO JACOBO BORDINGO. S. D. Ioannes Caselius. To Lübete. I did not think the opportunity to write to you should be neglected. Here, from the Ides of October, we have been exposed to a new calamity; and from that beginning we began to fear a new scattering of the Academy. And although the youth in great part remained here until March, indeed most until April, those among us who departed were believed to be returning shortly, and had resolved to return if the fear of war were removed. Hope of peace also shone out several times, yet only through a dense fog, so that no clear weather followed. When all hope of a settlement tried in so many ways had been given up, recourse was had to the final remedy. For the envoys brought out the de-
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VIRORUM. EPISTOLÆ. 267 cretum Imperatoris, quo sub poenam, quæ gravissima imponi solet, & Duci & urbi bello interdiceretur. Assensit Princeps, obsidionem solvit, tormenta avexit, militem abduxit, & passim dimittere coeperat. Idem bona fide cum Senatus populusque promisisset, non desiere ab Albi sollicitare ad se copias, tempus esse, patere transitum: ut interceptus tabellariorum unus, non ipse quidem docuit, sed quas ferret litteras: litteris exciti per ambages profecti illuc venere prohibente nemine. Gesta autem cum alia hostiliter, tum hoc, quod Principem cum consueto, aut non multo majore comitatu intra Schoningam & arcem Guelphiam aliquot equitum turmis & peditum cohortibus adorti pæne interceperunt: sed dum equites impetum sustinent, vix ipse salvus evasit: hæc illi triumphabundi magnifice prædicaverint. Sed de toto negotio differere non est literarum. Ut relinquam cætera: Academia a Kal. Apri- lis demum pæne tota dissipata est: nos domi videmur exules, jam hostili vio- lentiæ expositi. Ipsi enim tanquam jurati in artes liberales, nobis præomni- bus semper minitati sunt. An non me hac ætate miserum dicas, qua non intempestivum sit, & optabile potius, placide migrare ex vita mortalium, quam metu torqueri tot calamitatum, in quibus exilium & mendicitas minima sint. Diripiant sane reliqua: supellectilem librorum tota vita comparatam, semel direptam non recuperavero, nec ego, nec mei: quod si fiat, forte simul crudeliter trucidabimur. Nihil enim mediocre sperare licet ab hominum iniquissimis: qui quadriennio abhinc rura & prædia & arces & oppida deprædati, trimestri exilio nos multarunt, quando plurium rerum jacturam fecimus: in quo hoc pessimum, quod nemo fere fuit, qui illis excursionibus peccatum diceret: inventi contra, qui talia facta coloribus quibusdam pingerent. Ve- rum ne a querela in disputationem digrediar, quod minime velim, finem scribendi faciam. Optarem qui animarint ab initio civitatem contra æquita- tem, & copias subministrarint, salubria consilia dedissent, & vel reluctanti- bus imposuissent, quod auctoritate sua poterant, armis ante septendecim. Vereor autem, ut urbes veram historiam minime cognoverint: nec esse opi- nor quemquam Principum magis expositum calumniis, quam noster: id ad- firmant familiares, qui undecunque peregre domum redeunt: cum ea audie- rint seri & asseverari, quæ nos esse falsissima novimus. Forte fato urgemur nos etiam, ut Belgium. Ego si de officio & dignitate Principum & Ci- vitatum scribam, quæ sedulo ab annis quinquaginta consideravi, nec ab alterutris magnam ineam gratiam, nec nisi paucis, quæ vera & re- cta sunt (sunt autem non nisi quæ ad publicam salutem tendunt) probem. Eorum tamen te tuique similes censores feram. Et talia a bonis, quos & sapientia erudiit, & usus partim emendavit, partim confirmavit. Pra- væ enim opiniones, uti sunt pleræque in populo fere omnium, non pa- riunt, nisi mala consilia: unde res male administrari necesse est: quod cum fit, tum vero πλεη μεη γη παςα καπη, πλη δε θάλασα: Verum vestrum qui hoc præstare valeant, iis vel a negotiis reipublicæ, vel a curatione rei domesti- Ll 2 ex
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The decree of the Emperor, by which, under the penalty, as usually the gravest, imposed, war was forbidden to the Duke and to the city. The Prince agreed, raised the siege, carried off his artillery, withdrew his troops, and had begun to dismiss them in all directions. Since he had in good faith promised the Senate and people, they nevertheless did not cease to urge from Albi that the forces should be sent to them, that the time was come, that passage was open: as one of the messengers had been intercepted, who indeed did not reveal this himself, but only the letters he was carrying; stirred by the letters, they set out by devious ways and came there, no one hindering them. And though other acts were done hostilely, especially this one: that they, with his customary escort, or with no much larger one, within Schöningen and the fortress of Welf, attacked the Prince with several troops of horse and companies of foot, and nearly intercepted him; but while the cavalry withstood the assault, he himself scarcely escaped safe. These things they have trumpeted forth in triumph with great boasting. But to go over the whole affair is not for letters. To omit the rest: the Academy, since the Kalends of April, has at last been almost entirely broken up; we seem at home to be exiles, now exposed to hostile violence. For they themselves, as though sworn against the liberal arts, have always threatened us above all others. Should I not say that I am wretched at this age, when it is not untimely, but rather desirable, to depart quietly from the life of mortals than to be tortured by fear of so many calamities, among which exile and beggary are the least. Let them plunder the rest as well: the collection of books, gathered throughout a lifetime, once seized, I shall never recover, neither I nor my family; and if that happens, perhaps we shall be cruelly slaughtered at the same time. For from the most unjust of men nothing moderate may be hoped: men who, four years ago, after plundering farms and estates and castles and towns, punished us with a three-month exile, when we suffered the loss of many things. And the worst of it was this, that there was scarcely anyone who said those raids were wrongful; on the contrary, there were those who painted such deeds in flattering colors. But lest I wander from complaint into discussion, which I least wish to do, I shall make an end of writing. I should wish that those who from the beginning encouraged the city against equity, and supplied forces, had given wholesome counsel, and had imposed it, even upon the unwilling, by the authority they possessed, before seventeen years by arms. Yet I fear that the cities have by no means learned the true history; nor do I think there is anyone of the princes more exposed to slander than ours. So testify those intimates who return home from abroad from every quarter: when they have heard and solemnly reported things which we know to be most false. Perhaps we too are pressed by fate, as is Belgium. If I were to write about the duty and dignity of princes and cities, things which I have diligently considered for fifty years, I should win little favor from either side, nor approve anything except a few things that are true and right—and these are only such as tend to the public welfare. Yet I shall endure the censors who are like you and your fellows. And such things from good men, whom both wisdom has instructed and experience has partly corrected, partly confirmed. For false opinions, as is the case with most in the populace of nearly all men, beget nothing but evil counsels; whence affairs must necessarily be badly administered. When that happens, then indeed πλεη μεη γη παςα καπη, πλη δε θάλασα. But as for yours, those who are able to do this should be kept either from the business of the commonwealth, or from the care of domestic affairs...
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268 CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. ex non vacat. Nam qui illam geritis, neque hanc negligere potestis. Ipse- adspicere illa soleo, aggredi non audeo Canto quæ solitus, ut ille ait: eccam modo lucubratiunculam, eam cum olim setipsissem, in his turbis relegi. De præmio & epilogo adhuc delibero: forte & alia subjiciam. De hoc argu- mento responde aliquid: alterum patior ne attingas. Ignosce si quid perperam scriptum sit, quod hæc mihi relegere nec licuit, nec vacavit. Iterum Vale. Helm. ex acad. Jul. 14. April. CICIDCVI. EPISTOLA CLXXXIV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ioannes Caselius. Rostochium, Clarissime Dn. Kirchmanne amice honorande: ad priores nihil tum re- scripsi: neque tabellarius modo se teneri patitur, ut respondeam, que- madmodum exspectes, aut ego velim. Rescribam hoc diligentius, paucis diebus commoditatem habiturus per Megapol. Hic enim sub id. proximas futura comitia nationalia, a circulis dicta, nunciant: quem puerilem libel- lum vis, tum quoque si interea invenero, mittam. Apud nos vixit civis tuus Joan. Hovelius, hodie Gissæ vivit: is mihi persuasit ut Patrui quarum laudationem scriberem, eam proxime mittam. Sane si præmia sint tuis civi- bus, emergant alii ex aliis. Mirum sane in his terris ingenia inclarescere, ubi non solum nihil exspectandum præmii, sed contraria omnia. Sunt enim magis in precio & honore, qui ab inscitia impudentiores atque gloriosiores sunt. Vale. Helm. ex acad. Jul. pridie 11on. 1608. EPISTOLA CLXXXV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ioannes Caselius. Rostochium. Clarissime Dn. Kirchmanne, amice carissime: Igitur e prioribus tuis co- gnoscam, quæ noluerim. Adolescens enim a fratre, ut conjicio, aut Parchimii pluribus diebus detentus, nondum rediit. Tunc edam negociadum , interea scripsi, sive libellum, sive orationem dicas, philosop ; argumentum quæris? de prærogativa civium in honoribus & commodis, ubi multa de ma- litia & adventitiorum: scriptum judicabunt acrius, ut de ejus editio- ne nihil dum statuam. Laudabo quoque elect Joach. Fridericum. Megapo- litanis græculor, quod otium colunt: quod inter principes bene convenit, quodhi urbibus favent, urbes officium faciunt: hic una parere videri nolit: dominari velit, in quibus possit, omnibus. Vale Helm. ex acad. Jul. XVI. Kal. Sept. 1608. Scripta epistola venit mihi in mentem, quod hoc mense nobis pererudi- tus juvenis juris studiosus, ex ipsa urbe narravit: litteris Senatum ate flagitasse virum
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268 CLARISS. ET DOCTISSIM. is of no leisure. For you who bear that office cannot neglect this one either. I myself am accustomed to look at it, but I do not dare to undertake it. I am sending, as he says, “here now is a little piece written in the evening; when I had once finished it long ago, I reread it in these disturbances. I am still deliberating about the prize and the epilogue; perhaps I shall add something else as well.” Reply something about this subject; I endure that you should not touch the other. Forgive me if anything has been written wrongly, since I was neither allowed nor at leisure to reread this. Farewell again. Helm. from the Acad. Jul. 14 April 1606. EPISTLE CLXXXIV. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Johannes Caselius. Rostock, Most illustrious Mr. Kirchmann, honored friend: to your earlier letters I then replied to nothing; nor does the messenger now allow himself to be detained, so that I should answer as you expect, or as I myself would wish. I shall write back more carefully in a few days, when I shall have an opportunity by way of Mecklenburg. For they announce that the next national assemblies, called “circles,” will soon be held there. I shall send that childish little book which you want, and also, if in the meantime I find it, I shall send it. Among us your fellow citizen Joan. Hovelius lived; today he lives in Hesse: he persuaded me to write a praise of my uncle, which I shall send very soon. Indeed, if there are prizes for your fellow citizens, let others arise after others. It is truly remarkable that talents become renowned in these lands where not only is no prize to be expected, but the opposite of all this. For those who are more shameless and more boastful through ignorance are held in greater esteem and honor. Farewell. Helm. from the Acad. Jul. the day before the 11th Kalends of September, 1608. EPISTLE CLXXXV. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Johannes Caselius. Rostock. Most illustrious Mr. Kirchmann, dearest friend: Thus from your earlier letters I shall learn what I should not have wanted. For the young man, as I infer, detained by his brother, or at Parchim for several days, has not yet returned. Then I shall publish the thing, whatever it is; meanwhile I have written, whether you call it a little treatise or an oration, about the privilege of citizens in honors and advantages, where there is much about the envy and the intruders. The script will be judged more sharply, so that I have not yet decided anything about its publication. I shall also praise the elect Joachim Frederick. I jest with the Mecklenburgers because they cultivate leisure; because there is good agreement among princes; because they favor cities, and cities render service: here one would not wish to seem to obey; one would wish to rule, wherever one can, over all. Farewell. Helm. from the Acad. Jul. on the 16th day before the Kalends of September, 1608. After the letter was written, it occurred to me that this month a highly learned young man, a student of law, narrated to us from the city itself: by letters the Senate had demanded from you a man
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 169 virum doctum, quem facerent rectorem scholæ ad divam Catharinam. Velim scias, quam doctiss. & opt. virum quibus artibus sub Kal: Febr. eliserint M. Ioan. Bechman.: relatu hoc quoque turpe est, tam nihil, vel a paucis aliquid de recta pueritiæ educatione intelligi: tam injuste & ingrate virum annos XI I. vel amplius de adolescentia meritum, nullam ob culpam deturbatum ab officio: odio facit hoc auctoritate sua apud plebem valens , homo haud dubie non nisi populariter doctus, si doctrina vocanda est absque scientia, adjuvante sive connivente . Cum in multa loca scripserint a tot mensibus, ne mediocrem quidem invenerunt, quem suo civi opt. doctiss. subrogarent: non sine stomacho hæc scribo. Bechmanni virtus & litteræ exquisitæ sunt mihi notissimæ: ejus alumnos habui domi meæ multos, qui & probi essent, & principia linguarum, & quædam majora pulchre ex eo magistro accepissent. Sed & . Obsignaturo hasce redduntur aliæ Brunsvega, quibus amicus narrat ad te scriptum de subrogando Petro Fabricio Rostochiensi in schola Cathar. Brunsvegæ. Hunc Fabricium non novi, nemini suaserim bono & erudito viro, ut illis serviat, quibus dubio eventu χη. EPISTOLA CLXXXVI. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ioannes Caselius. Rostochium. Clarissime Dn. Kirchmanne, amice colende: Utrumquæ gratum mi- hi & familiaribus: litteras tuas dico, & quæ mittis. Sequar te in capitibus: de reditu Ducis Suecia libenter cognovimus: libelli exemplum mitto, uti jussi: meorum nihil editum, quin exempla proxime miserim, quamvis tenuium: mittam alia proxime: Laudationem Hovelii Gissam Jo. Hovelio censendam missi: de Hannide monueramante, & modo iterum monui Cornelium: pollicetur & ipse polliceor: sed lentus uterque: ille ut scribat perfectius, ego ætatis vitio. De epigrammatis Græcis a nemine ante acceperam; ea videret admodum velim. Quæ misisti nunc legunt familiares, postea & ipse legam. Vale Helm. ex ac ad. Iul. 16. Ian. 1659. Saluto dn. D. Tarnovium & Lubinum: nostros vestrosque Bussios: primo natu de iis gratias ago, quæ a Remo accepta ad me misit e vico Brunomo. Iterum Vale. EPISTOLA CLXXXVII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ioannes Caselius. Rostochium. Clarissime domine Kirchmanne, amice honorande. Rarius scribo, quod pauci recta ad vos eunt: neque tum ad quos velim omnes, quibusque de- Ll 3
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LETTERS OF MEN. 169 a learned man, whom they were making rector of the school at St. Catherine’s. I wish you knew by what arts they chose, under the calends of February, that most learned and excellent man, M. Ioan. Bechman.; by report this too is shameful, that so little, or only a few, understand anything of the proper education of youth; that a man who for eleven years or more has deserved well of the young, should so unjustly and ungratefully be driven from office for no fault: this is done through hatred by one who is influential among the common people by his authority, a man who is clearly learned only in a popular sense, if it can be called learning without knowledge, with his help or connivance. Since they have written to many places these many months, they have not found even an ordinary man whom they could substitute for their excellent fellow citizen and most learned man: I write this not without vexation. Bechmann’s virtue and polished letters are very well known to me: I have had many of his pupils in my house, who were both upright and had beautifully received from that teacher the beginnings of languages and certain more advanced matters. But also. Before these are sealed, other letters are being returned from Brunswick, in which a friend reports that something has been written to you about substituting Peter Fabricius of Rostock in the school at Catherine’s in Brunswick. I do not know this Fabricius; I would advise no good and learned man to serve those with whom the outcome is uncertain. EPISTLE CLXXXVI. TO JOANNI KIRCHMANN. S.D. Ioannes Caselius. Rostock. Most illustrious Mr. Kirchmann, friend to be honored: both your letters and what you send are welcome to me and to my household. I shall follow you in brief: we were glad to learn of the Duke of Sweden’s return; I send a copy of the little book, as I was ordered; of my own works nothing has been published, though I shall have sent copies soon, however modest; I shall send others soon. I sent Hovelius’s praise of Gissa to Jo. Hovelius to be judged; I had warned Cornelius about Hannide before, and have now warned him again: he promises, and I also promise: but both are slow, he so that he may write more perfectly, I because of my age. I had not yet received the Greek epigrams from anyone before; I should very much like to see them. The things you sent are now being read by my family, and later I myself shall read them. Farewell. Helm. from the academy, July 16, 1659. I greet Mr. Tarnovius and Lubinus: my thanks to our and your Bussii, first-born, for the things received from Remus and sent to me from the village of Brunomo. Farewell again. EPISTLE CLXXXVII. TO JOANNI KIRCHMANN. S.D. Ioannes Caselius. Rostock. Most illustrious sir Kirchmann, honored friend. I write more rarely, because few go straight to you: nor then to all those whom I would wish, and to whom I…
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270 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. debeam: alii silentio meo, alii brevitati veniam dabunt: hoc obtinebo facilius, quod plerumque mitto, quæ familiares legant. Neque tamen lectorem multis obruo: neque polliceor singularia, ita quemque habebos faciliorem ad cognoscendum & judicandum. Nostra autem neque privatim noceant, nisi forte mihi. Non enim paro ejusmodi, quæ placeant omnibus: cum tot annis calumnia morsus effugere non potuerim, to λορινον αιναισθίων ἐχω περίς διαβολαίς. Κενοιαδον aliquot paginæ ἐξεπιπιθησαν: absolvetur ante April. Qui has tibi reddit, autumno vobis a me quoque aliquid attulit: cum in Megapoli fratrem habeat in prædiis Crusiorum ἔκκλησιαστην. Maluit istuc reverti: ejus ego fidem & diligentiam exploravi aliquoties: hic si sit, in multis ipsum juvem: hinc quid a te fieri velim cogita: fac quod tuis me præstare jubeas. Vale Helm. ex acad. Iul. XIV. Kal. Ap. CICICIX. EPISTOLA CLXXXVIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Ioannes Caselius. Restochium. Clarissime Kirchmanne, amice carissime: Animum tuum in omnibus mihi promptum scio: fuit statim in vestibulo notitiæ nostræ: neque ego non tibi ab initio volui. De Cl. Clingio monueram proxime: unius ille reliquus fuerat omnium, quos offendi primum ad Varnum veniens: saltem programma videre aveo, neque tamen non, si quid præterea ipsius honori scriptum & memoriæ. Misit ad me ante plures annos D. Christophori Sturzii scriptum a se editum hac inscriptione: AUSA CAROLI. Ejus exemplum velimus gener meus D. Theodorus Adamius & ego, propter historiam: quod quæso erue alicunde, vel a Clingii vel ipsius Sturzii filio; rem gratam nobis feceritis. Audio istine migrasse Henricum Boëthium: ubi & quo loco sit cognoveris. Vale Helmæst. ex acad. Iul. XVI. Kal. Maj. CICICXI. EPISTOLA CLXXXIX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Ioannes Caselius. Restochium. Clarissime Dn. Kirchmanne, amice honorande, sub id. Octob. binas ferebat alter tabellarius: fasciculum enim prior Parchimii deposuerat: de exemplis Xenophontis respondere jubeo Depholdium. A te nihil dum venit quod animi mei molestiam leniat: venit interea ab Albi άλωμος, familiaris tuus, (Starkium Lunæburgensem dico) elegans juvenis: reddidit mihi quæ ediderat de pulchritudine: ajebat se pridem ad te misisse quæ, mihi reddita jam putabat, scripta honori filii mei. Quæ nobis narras, haud bella, exponunt etiam alii: de quo facto censura mea non est. Epistolarum cuidam meæ intexui querelam sive indignationem de injuriis, quibus afficiunt no- strum
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270 MOST DISTINGUISHED AND LEARNED. I ought to be indulgent to others for my silence, to others for my brevity: I shall obtain this more easily, because I usually omit what my friends may read. Yet I do not overwhelm the reader with many things; nor do I promise anything extraordinary, so that each person will find it easier to know and judge. As for our affairs, may they do no harm even in private, unless perhaps to me. For I am not preparing anything of such a kind as will please everyone: since after so many years I have not been able to escape the bites of calumny, to λορινον αιναισθίων ἐχω περίς διαβολαίς. Κενοιαδον, a few pages, ἐξεπιπιθησαν: it will be finished before April. The one who returns this to you brought something from me to you also in the autumn: since in Megapolis he has a brother among the estates of the Crusians, an ἔκκλησιαστην. He preferred to go back there: I have tested his good faith and diligence several times; if he is there, I would be helping him in many things: from this think what I would wish to be done by you: do what you would bid me perform for yours. Farewell. From Helmstedt, from the academy, July 14, before the Kalends of April, CICICIX. EPISTLE CLXXXVIII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. GREETING. By Ioannes Caselius. Restochium. Most distinguished Kirchmann, dearest friend: I know that your mind is always ready toward me in all things; it was so at once in the very threshold of our acquaintance: and I too wished it to be so from the beginning. I had recently given notice about the distinguished Clingius: he was the last remaining of all those whom I first met when I came to Varna; at least I am eager to see the program, and also, if anything besides was written concerning his honor and memory. Many years ago D. Christophorus Sturzius sent me a work of his, published with this title: AUSA CAROLI. My son-in-law, D. Theodorus Adamius, and I should like a copy of it for the sake of history: I ask you to obtain it somehow, either from Clingius himself or from Sturzius's son; you will do us a great favor. I hear that Heinrich Boethius has moved there: when you have learned where and in what place he is. Farewell. From Helmstedt, from the academy, May 16, before the Kalends, CICICXI. EPISTLE CLXXXIX. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. GREETING. By Ioannes Caselius. Restochium. Most distinguished Mr. Kirchmann, honorable friend, around the Ides of October another courier brought two letters: for the first courier had deposited the packet at Parchim. I have instructed Depholdius to reply concerning the copies of Xenophon. Nothing has yet come from you to soften the concern of my mind; meanwhile there came from Albius, your acquaintance, I mean Starkius of Lüneburg, a handsome young man: he gave me what he had published about beauty; he said that he had long before sent to you what, now returned to me, he thought had been written in honor of my son. What you tell us, though not pleasant, others also relate: my judgment about that deed is none. In one of my letters I inserted a complaint, or rather indignation, about the injuries with which they afflict our
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 371 strem ordinem urbes aliquæ Academiarum , satis ingrate, cum a nobis habeant, & educationem gratuitam, & a nostris lucelli aliquid, quidam esuriant, nisi eas oves mulgeant. Optavi, ut quis cum auctoritate nos utriusque de officio doceat, nos inquam dociles, populis & rudibus persuadeat, quid potissimum ex re sit. Multitudo enim neque virtutem neque sanctitatem capit. Quid exspectem vides; adde hoc, ut collegas, mihi amicos, salutes, quorum de primis est Laurebergius. Vale Helm. ex acad. Iul. v. id. Ian. CIC DIXII. EPISTOLA CC. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Ioannes Caselius. Rossochium. Clarissime Dn. Kirchmanne, amice carissime, neque tu meministi, neque quis alius scribit de litibus, quæ inter Urbem sunt & Academiam: fama tamen hic est, & confirmatur ab aliquot mensibus: & si hoc nihil novi, neque istic, neque in aliis urbibus, in quas divertere Academiæ: putate nos hospites hic quoque ludibrio esse, ne quid dicam durius. Ad Depholdium mittebam: domo aberat: monebitur proxime. Hic Principem abiisse ajunt in Sarmatiam. De nato filio Principi J. A. & aliis nos docent: utinam pax sit in vestra vicinia: utinam in hac quoque vicinia, ubi turbatum fuit, quamdiu hic fui. De Epitaphio vos amo. Vale Helm. ex acad. Iul. x. Kal. Mart. CIC ID CXII. EPISTOLA CCI. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Ioannes Caselius. Rossochium. Doctissime humanissimeque Dn. Kirchmanne, amice honorande. Quo ipse sum brevior, hoc tibi plus debere profiteor de accurata epistola, qua ista mihi plenissime explicas, quoad quid credendum litteris censuisti: mihi prorsus satisfecisti de utroque capite: atque utinam aliquando istarum litium, sive potius odiorum finis sit. Recte autem accusantur ii, qui a nobis acuminis aliquid, humanitatis speciem acceperunt: nihil dicam in eos durius, quos, utinnuere videris, nihilominus assequitur. Non sunt nulli passim, qui honores & divitias adepti, nostrum novere neminem: æquiores sint, si se ipsimet nossent. Ego quoties respiro, non ago, uti vides, nihil. Has tibi reddet Albertus Rosa, Hamburgensis familiaris noster ab annis pluribus: perlustravit Superiorem Germaniam, Gallias, Britannicam, Belgium. Ut noveris hominem audi: quem quoque in amicitiam recipies & consilio juvabis, etiam commode poteris. Exponet de nostris miseriis, si has tibilibet cognoscere. Vale Helmæst. ex acad. Iul. prid. Non. April. CIC DCXII. EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 371 the order of some cities of the Academies, rather ungratefully, since they have from us both free education and from our people some gain, certain persons are hungry unless they fleece those sheep. I wished that someone with authority should instruct us both in our duty, us, I say, being teachable, and persuade the people and the unlearned what is chiefly for the good. For the multitude embraces neither virtue nor holiness. You see what I am expecting; add to this that you greet my colleagues, my friends, among whom foremost is Laurebergius. Farewell. Helmstedt, from the Julian Academy, on the fifth day before the Ides of January. CIC DIXII. LETTER CC. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Ioannes Caselius. To Rossochium. Most illustrious Mr. Kirchmann, dearest friend, neither you remember, nor does anyone else write about the disputes that are between the city and the Academy; yet the rumor here is, and has been confirmed for some months now: and if this is nothing new, then neither there nor in other cities into which the Academies divert themselves. Think of us as guests here as well made a mockery of, to say nothing harsher. I was sending to Depholdius: he was absent from home; he will be warned shortly. Here they say the prince has departed for Sarmatia. About a son born to Prince J. A., and other matters, they inform us: would that there be peace in your neighborhood; would that there be peace in this neighborhood too, where there has been turmoil as long as I have been here. I am fond of your epitaph. Farewell. Helmstedt, from the Julian Academy, on the tenth day before the Kalends of March. CIC ID CXII. LETTER CCI. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Ioannes Caselius. To Rossochium. Most learned and most humane Mr. Kirchmann, friend to be honored. The shorter I myself am, the more I profess that I owe you for the careful letter in which you most fully explain those matters to me, insofar as to what ought to be believed from the letters you judged: I was entirely satisfied on both points; and would that at some time there may be an end of those quarrels, or rather hatreds. And rightly are they accused who have received from us something of sharpness, the appearance of humanity; I shall say nothing harsher about those whom, as you seem to hint, it nonetheless overtakes. There are not a few everywhere who, having attained honors and riches, know no one among us: let them be more fair, if they knew themselves. I, whenever I breathe, do not act, as you see, not at all. Albertus Rosa will return these to you, our Hamburg friend for many years: he has toured Upper Germany, France, Britain, and Belgium. That you may know the man, listen: you will also receive him into friendship and help him with counsel, as you conveniently can. He will explain our miseries, if you wish to know these things. Farewell. Helmstedt, from the Julian Academy, the day before the Nones of April, CIC DCXII. EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CCII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Th. Bussius. Rostochium. Cum ex Anglia redux Rotomagum, quod ipsis Kal. Aug. erat, venirem, nihil mihi magis optabam, quam literasa vobis, quas ibi apud procuratorem meum offendere sperabam. Iis enim omnino me nauseam & lassitudinem, quam mari partim, partim equitatione per intolerabilem æstum contraxeram, ex animo ejecuturum pristinamque alacritatem recuperaturum confidebam. Sperabam autem hoc eo certius, quod antequam Lugduno e Batavia discederem diligenter hoc aterogassem: quem sciebam nihil mihi unquam negasse, neque qua sis erga me constantia porro quidquam negaturum. Tanto autem majorem dolorem, ex ea resuscepi, quanto impatientius ferre solemus inopinato frustrari desideria nostra. Non credam te non scripsisse, ne negligentiam tuam potius quam infelicitatem meam agnoscam: puto enim malo potius sato meo literas veltras ad me non pervenisse. Quicquid sit, scias, sollicitudinem non levem incessisse aliquid cognoscendi de statu vestro: præsertim cum parva spes sit mihi literas posthac a vobis curari posse. Hibernare equidem Monspeli constitueram, sed consilium postea mutavi, &, si fieri per anni tempestatem poterit, statim in Italiam pergam. Fornerio literæ tuæ acceptissimæ fuerunt, quod ipse responsione sua testabitur. Consilium ejus in instituto meo utile sane mihi fuit. Et quod bene votat, scias me hesterno die iis honoribus, quos ut ambirem in hac urbe, mihi author fueras, auctum esse, non sine adplausu fere omnium nationis nostræ, quod in felicitatis parte pono. Exacto hic mense ad quem sex sere dies supersunt, in viam me conjiciam: interea tamen Rotomagum proficisci mihi necessarium, ut viatico meo prospiciam. Adeoque cras ibo o . Parisis etiam mensem unum hæsi: quos volui, vidi, conveni. A Casaubono responsionem ad tuas, ut erat occupatus, impetare, quamvis quotidie promitteret, non potui: & cum discederem febri optimum Virum cum uxore insubide obrutum reliqui. Exigam tamen responsum per amicum quendam, qui curabit tibi. Vehementer mihi gratulaberis, quod in notitiam illustris viri I. Augusti Thuani pervenerim: quæ res tanti apud me est, ut ea sola numos, quos consumpsi in illa Augusta urbe, plane redimere nollem. Cum Heraldo de ea re, quam nosti, collocuti sumus. Is profecto tam inanes facti sui rationes reddidit, ut credam causas irascendi nullas habuisse, nisi quas istis hominibus familiares esse, quasque sibi fingere consueverunt, ubi invidia fascinati alterius honori obtrectare animum induxerunt suum. Rigaltius, quem etiam Cl. Rittershusi nostri nomine monebam, modestior altero satebatur, se juvenili ineptia & styli fervore abreptum quædam effudisse potius, quam scripsisse: de quibus ipsi Rittershusio quamprimum satisfacere in secunda editione, quam præ manibus haberet, constituisset. Cæterum
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Most clear and most learned. Letter CCII. To Johann Kirchmann. Greeting. Th. Bussius. Rostock. When, returning from England, I came to Rouen, which was on the very Kalends of August, I desired nothing more than to receive letters from you, which I hoped to find there at my procurator’s. For I confidently believed that by them I should entirely cast off the nausea and weariness I had contracted, partly at sea and partly by riding through intolerable heat, and recover my former cheerfulness. I hoped this all the more because, before I left Leiden in Batavia, I had diligently arranged this with that man, whom I knew had never denied me anything, nor would deny me anything further, such was his constancy toward me. I received from this the greater grief, the more impatiently we are accustomed to bear being unexpectedly disappointed in our wishes. I shall not believe that you did not write, so that I may rather attribute it to your negligence than to my misfortune; for I think that by some ill fate your letters did not reach me. Be that as it may, know that I have been under no slight anxiety to learn something about your condition, especially since there is little hope that I may hereafter be able to count on letters from you. I had indeed planned to winter in Montpellier, but later changed my mind, and, if the season allows, I shall immediately proceed to Italy. Your letters were most welcome to Fornerius, as he himself will testify by his reply. His advice was certainly useful to me in my undertaking. And to let you know the good news, yesterday I was advanced to those honors in this city, for which you had urged me to seek, not without the approval of nearly all our nation, which I count as part of my good fortune. After I have spent the month that now remains here, with about six days still left, I shall set out on my way; meanwhile, however, it is necessary for me to go to Rouen, so that I may provide for my travel funds. Accordingly, I shall go tomorrow, though o . I also stayed in Paris for one month: I saw and met those whom I wished to see. From Casaubon, as he was occupied, I could not obtain a reply to your letters, although he promised it daily; and when I departed I left the excellent man, together with his wife, overwhelmed by fever. I shall nevertheless seek a reply through a certain friend, who will see to it for you. You will congratulate me warmly that I have come to know the illustrious I. August. Thuani, a matter which is of such value to me that I would not willingly repay by that alone the money I spent in that August city. We spoke with Heraldo about the matter you know. He indeed gave such empty reasons for what he had done that I believe he had no causes for anger except those which are familiar to such men and which they are accustomed to invent for themselves, when, blinded by envy, they have set their mind on detracting from another’s honor. Rigaltius, whom I also warned in our illustrious Rittershusius’s name, was more moderate than the other; he said that, carried away by youthful folly and a fervor of style, he had poured out certain things rather than written them, and that he had resolved to make satisfaction to Rittershusius himself as soon as possible in the second edition, which he had in hand. For the rest
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 273 terum novi quod scribam hic carum est: sunt enim pacata omnia, licet non sine turbarum metu. Vidua Regina, quæ Regentis nomine & Regi & Regno præest, edicto pacem inter partes religionis utriusque sancivit, defensionem omnibus promisit. Nisi quid Iesuitæ & Pontificis alia mancipia turbarint, periculi parum erit. Famosi isti socii publicis scriptis auctores & conscii arguntur cædis Regiæ: præsertim Petrus Cotto; contra quem editus est nuper libellus Anticottonis titulo, quo mirabilia ipsi & ejus sociis objiciuntur. Huic scripto ansam dedit ipse Cotto, epistola ad Reginam edita, qua Jesuitarum de occidentis Regibus doctrinam purgat, & librum Marianæ de institutione Principis, qui sententia Parlamenti nuper publice Parisus combustus est, frigidissimis præscriptionibus defendit, nec tamen defendit: vult enim nihilominus vide- ri se alienum ab istius nebulonis dogmate, quo solo parricidium suum mon- strum illud Galliæ coram Iudicibus palliare potuit, ut plane deprehendere:ur istorum hominum veneno infectum fuisse. Cæsaubonus aliquid contra Baro- nii Annales adfectum habet, quod tamen in Gallia non edet, si unquam edet: ipse enim hæret animi, non tam Pontificiorum, quam suæ partis hominum invi- diam metuens. Sic enim autumat, se parem gratiam Genevæ, quam Romæ scripto ejusmodi meriturum. In Angliam videtur omnino adspirare, quo- rum Ecclesiasticam politiam magis probat, certe ab illa Hugenottarum plane abhorret, quam in sententiam plurima est nobiscum locutus. Nisi per Thuanum aliosque paucos staret, jam diu abiisset: ibit tamen hoc autumno, saltem videndi Regis causa, qui ipsum vix dimittet. Zinzerlingus noster Lugduni agit apud typographum, cui operam suam in editione corporis glossati, ut vocant, addixit. Vale Dabam x Octobris stylo novo A. CIC IDEX Aureliis. EPISTOLA CCIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Elhardus Lubinus. Lube-am. Quam conjuncti & veri inter nos amici & collegæ fuerimus, vir Clarissime, vel hinc apparet, quod communem in plerisque fortunam experiamur. Ante annum calamitas non exigua te exercebat occiso a vigilibus Marquardo tuo, eadem hisce diebus ades meas pulsavit occiso Chemnitio meo, quem nosti: quamvis enim multa fuerint, quæ in illo ut nosti desideraverim, quando tamen in latrones hos incidit prope Graphum omnium mortalium fuit innocentissimus, tot amicis verbis illos compellans & salutans aperto capite, quæ suo tempore ex aliis prolixe cognosces. Nudius tertius reliquiæ ejus hinc deportatæ & Prisiwaltum a Patre & altero quodam Consule versus vectæ, in tantastudiosorum & civium funus concomitantium, per totam, urbem usque ad extimam portam, quæ a molis nomen habet, multitudine, tantoque concursu & strepitu hominum, ut simile non putem visum esse a Mm toto
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LETTERS OF MEN. 273 There is little new to write here; everything is at peace, though not without fear of disturbances. The widowed Queen, who governs in the name of the Regent and stands over both the King and the Kingdom, has by edict confirmed peace between the two parties of religion and promised protection to all. Unless the Jesuits and the other servants of the Pontiff stir up trouble, there will be little danger. Those notorious associates are accused in public writings of being authors and accomplices of the royal slaughter: especially Pierre Cotto; against whom a little book has lately been published under the title Anticottonis, in which wonderful things are laid to his charge and to that of his associates. Cotto himself gave occasion to this writing by a letter published to the Queen, in which he defends the Jesuits’ doctrine concerning the killing of kings, and with very feeble arguments defends Mariana’s book On the Institution of the Prince, which has lately been publicly burned in Paris by sentence of Parliament; yet he does not in fact defend it: for he nevertheless wants to seem alien to the doctrine of that blockhead, by which alone that monster of France was able, before the judges, to palliate his parricide, so that it is plainly evident that he was infected with the poison of those men. Casaubon has something prepared against Baronius’ Annals, but he will not publish it in France, if ever he publishes it at all; for he is inwardly hesitant, fearing not so much the enmity of the Papists as that of the men of his own party. Thus he thinks he would win equal gratitude from Geneva as from Rome by such a writing. He seems altogether to be inclined toward England, whose ecclesiastical polity he approves more; certainly he entirely abhors that of the Huguenots, on which subject he has often spoken with us. Unless Thuanus and a few others support him, he would have long since left; yet he will go this autumn, at least to see the King, who will scarcely let him go. Our Zinzerling is staying at Lyons with the printer, to whom he has committed his services in the edition of the so-called body of glosses. Farewell. Given on the 10th of October, new style, A. CIC IDEX, at Orléans. EPISTLE CCIII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Elhard Lubinus. Lube-am. How closely and truly we have been friends and colleagues together, most learned sir, may be seen from this, namely, that we share in large measure the same fortune. A year ago a not insignificant calamity was troubling you, when your Marquard was killed by the watchmen; the same thing has these days struck me in the death of my Chemnitz, whom you know. For although there were many things in him, as you know, that I had wished otherwise, nevertheless when he fell in with those thieves near Graphum he was the most innocent of all mortals, addressing and greeting them with many friendly words and with uncovered head, matters you will learn in detail from others in due time. Three days ago his remains were conveyed away from here and carried to Prisiwaltum by his father and another consul, in the midst of such a funeral procession of students and citizens, through the whole city up to the outermost gate, which takes its name from the mills, and with such a crowd and uproar of people, that I do not think the like has been seen by anyone in a long time.
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274 CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. toto illo tempore, quo urbs hæc coepit. Tota urbs mota fuit, & ingens omnium, quod oculis vidi & auribus audivi, fremitus adversus latrones illos, quorum urus hic captivus tenetur, & sine dubio publicum suo tempore omnibus da- bit spectaculum; alter in Asylo Pulkiorum delitescit; tertius Gustrovii deten- tus est, de quo tamen nihil certi affirmare ausim. Hæ meæ sunt deliciæ. Corpus ejus ultra 6. dies domi meæ depositum fuit. Circa idem tempus & noctem adeo cum Matthias vulneratus fuit, uxor mea sextum filium mihi pepe- rit. Laus sit Deo, partu non infelici. De successione in locum tuum adfinis mei spes tota videtur decollasse, cum illustrissimus Princeps Helwigio jam promiserit rem, ante ni fallor illud tempus, quo tu adhuc incertus eras de statione mutanda. Conamur tamen adhuc aliquid, sed successu & ratione pa- rum felici, nisi Deus aliter qui potest dirigat. Valde sollicitor de adfini meo parvulo, qui apud vos est, quod si nulla spes ipsius apud vos ad conditionem aliquam promovendi, quæso ad me rescribe, ut illum ad me revocare possim. Quæso etiam te cum D[omi]no Cantore meo nomine loquaris, ut significet, quid singulis hebdomadibus pro victu ab illo dari sibi postulet. Mitto tibi quadra- tum fasciculum Thesium mearum, pro quo aurigæ est satisfactum, quem ut in ædes D[omi]ni M. Glessensoli adfinis mei, deserri cures, majorem in modum a te contendo. Bene vale, saluta conjugem & amicos, etiam Dominum Wittium, si in illum incidas. Rostochii 11 Decemb. A[nn]o 1613. EPISTOLA CCIV. JOAN. à W O U W E R. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. S. Rostochium, Nisi te serio amarem, exulcerare poterat mitissimum pectus meum, quod ne tralaticia quidem responsione nos dignos existimes. Adfiruo tibi, ante aliquot menses literas ad te misi, casque affini tuo inscripseram, & jam securus eram in manus tuas illas pervenisse. Sed cum hactenus responsum ex- pectem, & de animo in me tuo nullus dubitem, induci me patior, ut eas in- tercidisse existimem. Quod ideo gravius animo meo accidit, quia à turpif- sima suspicione, quam sine causa conceperas, innocentem liberabant. Te- stor conscientiæ meæ fidem, nolui nomen meum libello tuo excisum, quin imo valde vellem ubique locorum obvia ostensione illud ingerere possem, ut jucunda nostri memoria semper recentior apud te cresceret. Equidem ani- mus erat infelicem pagellam, quæ nomen meum præferebat, adnectere illi, cui Baudius inscripserat; ne amantes divelleremur, sed vel hac parte lenimen- tum desiderii utriusque nostrum sentiremus. Interim dum hoc ago, celerior discessus tuus, & ambitiosus Baudii amplexus conatus meos impediit. Semel dixerim, serio te amo, & legitimum tui æstimatorem me profiteor. Uti- nam adfectum in te meum officiis approbare tibi possem, cujus occasionem, quamdiu mihi fortuna inviderit, frustra de amore tuo mihi gratulabor: Et vero respi-
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274 CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. for the whole of that time since this city began. The whole city was stirred up, and there was a great uproar of all, which I saw with my eyes and heard with my ears, against those robbers whose bearer here is held captive, and who without doubt in due time will provide a public spectacle for all; the second is hiding in the Asylum of the Pulkiorum; the third is detained at Gustrovii, concerning whom, however, I would not dare to affirm anything certain. These are my delights. His body remained deposited in my house for more than six days. About the same time, and at night, as Matthias was wounded, my wife bore me a sixth son. Praise be to God, by a not unhappy childbirth. The hope of my relative’s succession to your post seems entirely to have collapsed, since the most illustrious Prince has already promised the matter to Helwigio, before, if I am not mistaken, that time when you were still uncertain about changing your station. Yet we are still trying something, but with little success and method, unless God, who can do otherwise, direct it. I am greatly troubled about my little relative, who is with you; if there is no hope of promoting him among you to some position, I ask you to write back to me, so that I may be able to recall him to me. I also ask that you speak with my Cantor in my name, so that he may indicate what he asks to be given him each week for his sustenance. I am sending you the square packet of my Theses, for which payment has been made to the driver, and I strongly urge you to have it delivered to the house of Mr. Glessensol, my relative. Farewell, greet your wife and friends, also Mr. Wittius, if you should run into him. Rostock, 11 December, in the year 1613. EPISTOLA CCIV. JOAN. à WOUWVER. To Mr. Ioannes Kirchmann. Greeting. Rostock, Unless I loved you seriously, it could have embittered my mildest heart that you do not think us worthy even of a conventional reply. I assure you, some months ago I sent letters to you, and had addressed them to your relative, and I was already confident that they had come into your hands. But since I have until now awaited a reply, and since I have no doubt about your attitude toward me, I allow myself to suppose that they have been lost. This has happened more grievously to my mind because they would have cleared me of the most disgraceful suspicion, which you had conceived without cause. I call the faith of my conscience to witness: I did not wish my name to be cut out of your booklet; indeed, I very much wished that in all places I could thrust it upon you by open display, so that the pleasant memory of us might always grow fresher in your mind. Indeed, my intention was to attach that unfortunate little page, which bore my name, to the one to which Baudius had inscribed his own, so that we might not be separated as lovers, but might even in that part feel some relief for both of our desires. Meanwhile, while I was doing this, your swifter departure, and Baudii’s eager embrace, hindered my efforts. I will say it once: I love you seriously, and I profess myself a rightful admirer of you. Would that I could prove my affection for you by services, the opportunity for which, so long as fortune has begrudged me it, I shall in vain congratulate myself on your love. And indeed respi-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 275 respicientem fortunam te præstolari ais, quæ quidem te sequi debebat. Ergo investiganda erit, quam comitem trahere oportebat. Hoc erat fatum bonæ mentis & optimorum studiorum. Scio & probe intelligo, quid ingenii tui munera mercantur. Sed velim paulo plenius & apertius ex te cognoscere, quæ voti tui summa; frustra enim ex Rumpio quæsivi, quæ hærentem ducerent aut confirmarent. Cave protollas de istiusmodi, quæ me scire interesse existimas, ad me perscribere. Polymathiam nostram propediem ad te mittam. Va- le & me ama. Hamburgi xvi Kl. Febr. C13.13. CIV. EPISTOLA CCV. JOAN. à W O U W E R. Ioan. Kirchmanno S. Nostochium. Quod amantissimis tuis libris paucis respondeam, dabis summis occupa- tionibus meis, quæ me ita involutum tenent, ut non sine summa dif- ficultate hoc quicquid est temporis, quo hæc ad te propero, a me impetrarim. Et vero non sine causa irasceris editionem Commentarii tui de Funerib. hacte- nus proferri. Dicam quod res est; non promittenda erant Frobenio, quæ se præstare posse certo non noverat. At scire te velim, etiamsi sanctissime re- cepit, præstare tamen non potuit, ita operæ negligentia & fraude in diversa senem traxerunt. Quid si nos præsentes ita ductent, ut jam integer annus nu- meretur, quod Polymathiam nostram orsi, toties interceptum infelix opus nequissimorum desidia, defectu chartæ, & mille aliis impedimentis, quæ ingeniosa ignavia commentari didicit, quid tibi absenti exspectandum erat, nisi hoc ipsum, quod evenit: cui vel hæc mora pro expeditione esse poterit. Crede mihi, frustra accusabis Frobenium, & stomachus tuus sine offensa re- sidebit, si, quam primum licuerit, opustuum absolvat, quod, nisi valde fal- lor, cis paucissimos dies fiet: ita enim mihi promisit, qui non sine acerrima declamatione causam tuam egi. Quod si omnino molestum diutius exspecta- re, libellum ad te remittere parerit, quod tamen ut temere agas non suase- rim, ne in eosdem tricones denuo incidas. Quam vero prætexis causam, cur opus tuum statim a reditu in lucem dari nolueris, ea, si quid sentio, nulla est; cum omnino mihi constet, nihil a te proficisci posse, in quo peregrinatio & vita desultoria, quod excuset, habeat, rectius sane de politissimo ingenio tuo judicare didicimus, & in proclivi est, quo desiderio tuo succurri possit, ut scilicet annus editionis in præteritum tempus rejiciatur. Casaubonus &c Baudius frequentes ad me literas scribunt, ut alii omnes, quorum mentionem feceras. Nisi quod occupationes meæ omne otium mihi præscindant, quo per literarum fomenta ipsorum in me affectum alere debebam. Venio ad alias tuas, quæ me vel hoc nomine mirifice assecerunt, quod occasionem mihi da- tam intelligam, qua animum meum tibi probare possim. Et ne quid dissi- mulem apud plerosque omnes Hollatiæ Proceres, qui Regi parent, mediocri Mm 2 gra-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 275 you say that you are awaiting fortune looking back, whereas indeed it ought to have followed you. Therefore it will have to be investigated what it was proper for it to draw along as its companion. This was the destiny of a good mind and the best studies. I know and thoroughly understand what rewards the gifts of your talent seek. But I should like to learn somewhat more fully and plainly from you what the sum of your wish is; for in vain have I asked Rumpius what might lead or confirm your hesitation. Take care not to drag out to me in writing matters of this sort, which you think it important for me to know. I shall send you our Polymathia very soon. Farewell, and love me. Hamburg, 16 days before the Kalends of February, C13.13. CIV. EPISTLE CCV. JOAN. à WOUWERS. To Ioan. Kirchmann. Nostochium. If I reply briefly to your most affectionate books, you will have to excuse my overwhelming occupations, which keep me so involved that I have not obtained from myself, except with the greatest difficulty, this little time, whatever it may be, during which I hasten to write these things to you. And indeed you are not without reason angry that the publication of your Commentary on Funerals has thus far been delayed. I will say what is the truth: things were not to be promised to Frobenius which he certainly did not know he could perform. But I should like you to know that, although he received it most solemnly, he nevertheless could not deliver it; thus the negligence and fraud of the workmen have dragged the old man in different directions. What if, when we are present, they lead us about in such a way that already a full year is counted since we began our Polymathia, and the unhappy work has so often been interrupted by the wretched idleness of the most worthless men, by lack of paper, and by a thousand other obstacles which ingenious laziness has learned to devise—what, I say, was to be expected by you in your absence except exactly what has happened? For you, even this delay may count as speed. Believe me, you will accuse Frobenius in vain, and your anger will subside without offense, if, as soon as it is allowed, he completes your work; and unless I am greatly mistaken, this will happen within a very few days. For so he promised me, and I pleaded your cause not without the fiercest declamation. But if it is altogether bothersome to wait longer, he is willing to send the booklet back to you; yet I would not recommend that you do so rashly, lest you fall once more into the same snares. As for the reason you advance for why you did not wish your work to be published immediately after your return, that reason, if I judge rightly, is none at all; since I am entirely convinced that nothing can come from you which has not, as an excuse, travel and a restless life. We have learned to judge much more correctly of your most polished talent, and it is easy to see how your desire may be helped, namely by pushing the year of publication back into the past. Casaubonus, etc., and Baudius write to me frequently, as do all the others whom you had mentioned. Only my occupations cut off for me all leisure, which I ought to spend in nourishing their affection toward me through the comforts of letters. I come to your other letters, which have wonderfully moved me even for this reason, that I understand an opportunity has been given to me by which I may prove my feelings to you. And lest I conceal anything from the many leading men of Holland who obey the King, with moderate
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276 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. gratia, nullo quidem merito meo, polleo, itaque fallor, aut ex parte votis tuis satisfaciam, nisi quod occasio & tempus prætolandum. Interim non decero tibi, ut civibus nostris innotescas. Benedictus ab Alefeldt Regius præfectus jam multis mecum egit, ut minori natu filio, quem penes se habet, de Præceptore prospicerem, illum hactenus quæro, nec audeo tibi conditionem offerre, cum in initiis disciplinarum tibi hærendum esset. Major natu ejusdem filius, qui aliquamdiu apud me hæsit, propediem peregrinationi se dabit. Ne- que enim prudentissimus Vir quenquam suorum in Academiis Germaniæ utiles annos perdere patitur. Quod, quo consilio agat, inquirere nunquam libuit. Valde autem consilium tuumprobo, quod optimorum cultu sededere consti- tuisti; quo ocium animi, summam beatitudinem adipiscaris, quam nos Tan- talidæ frustra per tos annos quærimus, nec invenimus. Existimo, ut in editione notationum Theophrasti exhibeas vulgarem aptatam textui Græco; cui recte appinxeris Casauboni emendationes, deinde in expositione dabis, ita majus pondus tuæ, ac in hujusmodi imprimis spectandum. Vale. Hamb. CIC. LXC. IV. EPISTOLA CCVI. JOAN. à W O U W E R. Ioanni Kirchmanno S.D. Rostochium. DE Theophrasto ad me misso multum te amo, & serio probo institutum tuum; in quo ut naviter persistas ex animo te hortor. Utinam aliqui meorum adessent, & attenta aure audirent Florem illibatum populi, Suadæ- que medullam. Sed meum erat Theophrasto tuo Polymathiam opponere, quam ad te mitto; opus sæpius inchoatum, multoties interceptum, & ne nunc quidem perfectum, ideoque nihil magnopere habebit, quo se tibi com- mendare poterit, præter auctoris judicium; quem te amare certo scio. Ca- ve aliquid suspiceris de Frobenio, rem tibi auctorem dabit, se ea, quæ pro- miserat, præstare voluisse. Regii præfecti filius jam in disciplinam cessit doctiss. Viro, quæ tamen quam feliciter expetissat, hactenus ignoro. Hoc velim tibi persuadeas; me optimi amici officio nunquam defuturum. Schiop- pius quid rerum agat, ex quo Italiam reliqui, scire non magni feci. P. Danielem obiisse ante paucos menses Puteani ad me perscripserunt. Ti- liobroga ubi terrarum aut gentium fallat ignoro. Baudius Lugduni Panegy- ricum Plinii publice interpretatur. Vale. Hamburg. XII. Kal. Aprilis CIC. LXC. IV. EPI-
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276 MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND MOST LEARNED. By your favor, though indeed through no merit of my own, I have some ability; and so I shall either be mistaken, or I shall in some measure satisfy your wishes, except that one must await the opportunity and the time. Meanwhile I shall not recommend you so that you become known to our citizens. Benedictus ab Alefeldt, the Royal prefect, has already spoken with me many times, asking that I provide a tutor for his younger son, whom he keeps with him. I am still looking for him, and I do not dare to offer you that position, since at the very beginning of study you would need to be held close at hand. His elder son, who remained with me for some time, will shortly set out on a journey. For that very prudent man does not allow any of his household to waste useful years in the universities of Germany. For what purpose he acts thus, I have never cared to inquire. Yet I strongly approve your plan, in that you have determined to settle in the company of the best men; thereby you may obtain peace of mind, the highest happiness, which we, like the sons of Tantalus, seek in vain through so many years and do not find. I think that in the edition of Theophrastus’ notes you should present the common version adapted to the Greek text; to this you should rightly add Casaubon’s emendations, and then provide them in the commentary, so that your own work may have greater weight, especially in matters of this kind, which deserve the most attention. Farewell. Hamburg, 1644. EPISTLE CCVI. JOAN. A WOUWER. To Ioannes Kirchmann. Greetings. Rostock. I am greatly grateful to you for the Theophrastus sent to me, and I sincerely approve your undertaking; I earnestly exhort you from my heart to continue it diligently. Would that some of my friends were present, and with attentive ears heard the untarnished Flower of the people, and the very marrow of persuasion. But it was for me to set against your Theophrastus my Polymathia, which I send to you; a work often begun, many times interrupted, and not even now finished, and therefore it will have little by which it can commend itself to you, apart from the judgment of its author; whom I know for certain you love. See that you do not suspect anything concerning Frobenius; the matter itself will prove to you that he wished to carry out what he had promised. The son of the royal prefect has now entered the instruction of the most learned man, though how successfully he has thus far pursued it I do not know. This I would have you believe: that I shall never fail in the duty of a true friend. What Schoppius is doing, since I left Italy, I have not thought worth knowing. Puteanus wrote to me that Father Daniel had died some months ago. I do not know where in the world or among what people Tiliobroga is to be found. Baudius is publicly expounding Pliny’s Panegyric at Leiden. Farewell. Hamburg, 12th day before the Kalends of April, 1644. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. EPISTOLA CCVII. JOAN. à WOUWER S. D. Frederico Lindenbrogio. Hamburgum. Libros tuos MS. accepimus, integros & ab omni tempestatum injuria pro- be defensos. Sed utinam nunquam suscepissem ea præstare, quæ pro- miseram. Nam quæ sit sententia illustriss. Principis mei, jam ad te perscriptum intelligo: quæ quidem non tam ipsi nata, quam ab aliis expressa, qui plurimum sibi in his sapere videntur, & fraudis me insimulare tacite præ se tulerunt, quod prima, vice quum pretium indicares, volumina magna asserue- rim, quæ nunc folia pauca deprehendantur. Ita paulatim eviluerunt, quæ antea legitimo æstimata pretio. Ego vero, quod serio dico, obniti animo & ratione coepi, usque adeo ut suspicio nata sit, me procliviorem in commo- dum amici, quam Domini. Certo scio te mihi obirasci, sed ita me Deus amet, si tibi nota ingenia Aularum, hæc quidem non te offenderent, sed ne moverent. Quæ vero tua est humanitas me excusabis, cum facile cogitare possis, longe gratissimum mihi esse explere vota amici summi, & artissima necessitudine conjuncti. Quare quid tibi faciendum sit ipse videris; si vero animum inducere non potes, ut eo pretio, quod literæ Principis præferunt, vendendos existimes: adfirmo tibi, sine ulla macula aut damno omnes ad te nostro sumtu redibunt. At vero si te juvant centum quinquaginta: tali, spero paratam fore pecuniam. Ut mihi male sit, si non affligat me mirum in modum, quod hoc negotii susceperim. Vehementer rogo, ut mihi igno- scas, paratus sum aliis officii generibus hoc quicquid est delicti præstare, quam citissime certiorem me animi feceris ac prima quavis occasione, incertus enim sum, quam diu hic moraturi simus. Mirifice exosculor animum af- fectumque tuum, quem pari amore remunero, & facilitatem illam quovis officio restituere paratus sum. Librum tuum variarum actionum accepi, & prima quavis occasione remittam, neque enim diutius illo utar. Grimande- lam petere non audeo, cum nihil quod velis præstare tibi possim. Te vero munem & amantissimum nostri; nempe ut fatigares humanitatem etiam mu- nera adjicere voluisti libraria, quoniam ita placet, retinere illos usque in am- plexum meum potes, qui si nimis diuturnus, Elmenhorstio nostro tradere licebit. Valde autem exacerbavit animum meum, quod te abitum cogitare scribis, quid iniquius a satis proficisci poterat, quam ut nos dividerent, quos & consensus animorum & studiorum ad utriusque emolumentum aptissime jungeret, ego verotuis votis voveo, & mallem illa tibi expleta potius, quam mei ipsius animo satisfactum. Deploro fata bonorum, & quibus illi obruan- tur difficultatibus quotidie experior in hoc molestissimo vitæ genere: uti- nam me interciperet aliqua rupes caprearum, in qua ereptus mortalium conta- gio, tanquam Deus aliquis, consenescerem. Vale, & me ama. Gottorpii III. Ja- nuarii CIC IC CVIII. Mm 3 EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. LETTER CCVII. JOAN. à WOUWER, greeting, To Frederico Lindenbrogio. Hamburg. We have received your manuscripts, complete and well protected from every injury of the weather. But I could wish that I had never undertaken to perform what I had promised. For I now understand what is the opinion of my most illustrious Prince, which has indeed not so much arisen from himself as been extorted from others, who think themselves very wise in these matters, and have tacitly shown by implication that they suspected me of fraud, because, when you first indicated the price, I asserted that the volumes were large, whereas now they appear to be but a few leaves. Thus little by little have disappeared the things that formerly had a lawful estimated price. As for me, what I say seriously is that I began to resist in spirit and with reason, so much so that a suspicion arose that I was more inclined to the advantage of a friend than of my Lord. I know well that you will be angry with me, but, so may God love me, if you knew the ways of courts, these things would not offend you, indeed would not even move you. But, such is your kindness, you will excuse me, since you can easily think how greatly it pleases me to fulfill the wishes of a most dear friend, and one joined to me by the closest bond. Wherefore you yourself must consider what is to be done; but if you cannot bring yourself to think that they should be sold at the price set forth in the Prince’s letter, I assure you that, without any blemish or loss, they shall all be returned to you at our expense. Yet if one hundred and fifty pleases you, I hope the money will be ready. May I fare ill if I am not wonderfully afflicted that I undertook this business. I earnestly beg you to forgive me; I am ready to make amends for this fault by other kinds of service, whatever it is, as soon as you shall have informed me of your mind and at the first possible opportunity, for I am uncertain how long we shall remain here. I wonderfully kiss your affectionate spirit and feeling, which I repay with equal love, and I am ready to restore that courtesy by every service. I have received your book of various actions, and at the first possible opportunity I shall send it back, for I shall not use it any longer. I do not dare ask for Grimandela, since I can provide you with nothing that you would wish. But you, most generous and most loving toward us, wished to add books among the gifts, as though to weary kindness; since it pleases you, you can keep them until my embrace, and if that is too long, it will be permitted to hand them over to our Elmenhorst. But your mention of departure greatly irritated my mind; what more unjust thing could arise from enough, than that they should separate us, whom both agreement of mind and of studies would most fitly join for the advantage of each? Yet I make vows for your wishes, and would rather that those be fulfilled for you than that my own mind be satisfied. I lament the fate of good men, and daily experience the difficulties by which they are overwhelmed in this most troublesome kind of life: would that some cliff of the goats might receive me, in which, rescued from the contagion of mortals, I might grow old like some god. Farewell, and love me. Gottorp, the 3rd of January, 1608.
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CCVIII. JOANNI MEURSIO. S. D. Heribertus Rosweidus Lugdunum Batavorum. V Aldevoluissem Palladium Græce prodiisse, cujus spem pridem feceras; quam nisi certam ex sponsione publica præsumpsissem, jam aliunde mihi codicem Græcum comparassem. Facit is enim instituto meo, qui vitas Patrum, librum vulgo notissimum, recensui, notis illustravi. Huic libro addo Palladii Lausiacam historiam, Theodoreti , & Moschi Evirati Pratum spirituale; Latine omnia, quia pleraque Græce desiderantur; & quia religiosorum quorundam rogatu hanc provinciam suscepi, quibus Latina notiora. Addo & Heraclidis Paradisum, olim Parisiis, si forte nescis, editum. Eo autem consilio Palladium & Heraclidem vitis Patrum adjungo, tum quod uterque poene eadem habeat, ut alter videatur alterum exscriptisse; tum etiam, quia in vitis Patrum liber quidam occurrit, ex alterutro translatus. Cujus quidem libri auctorem D. Hieronymus Ruffinum facit; sed Palladium & Heraclidem potius videtur interpretatus. Palladii duplicem versionem dabo, recentiorem unam Gentiani Herveti; vetustiorem alteram anonymi, typographiæ infantia editam. Habes institutum meum, V. Cl. & cur tantopere desideraverin, Palladium Græce prodiisse, vel ejus certe inspectionem habuisse, jam intelligis. Et si enim ex variæ versionis pariatione lux quædam dubiis locis accedit, certior tamen Græci codicis fides, quem jam vellem nos vobis debere. In Lexico tuo Græco-Barbaro citas vitam P. Arsenii, item P. Pelagiæ, quas an habeas, an tantum inspexeris, aveo intelligere. Nam & illorum est memoria in Vitis Patrum. Quæ item Martyrologia & Menologia habeas, lubens intelligam. Nec eorum editionem te meditari existimo, sed excerpere tantum Lexico tuo convenientia, in quem usum lubens Metaphrastæ vitas subministrabo, quas sensum curo Græce describi. Invenies in iis non pauca Græco-Barbara vocabula. Jam penes me Græca hæc habeo. Vitam Pauli Thebei Vitam Pauli homologitis Vitam Onuphrii Vitam Matronæ Vitam Maria Ægyptiaca Vitam Ioannis Eleëmosynarii Vitam Eugenia Vitam Basilii Magni Vitam Melania Romana Vitam Agatha. Vitam Simeonis Stylite Quæ, si ad usum Lexici tui inspicere voles, prompte submittam. Nec gravare suppeditabo Glossarium unum atque alterum Latinum MS tum, ubi in eo genere te versari intelligam. Non dubito quin penes te MS quædam sint meo instituto servientia: penes me quoque nonnulla ad tuum esse, jam intelligis. Quæ si vel inter nos commutamus vel communicamus, alter alterius labori suppetias feret. De Palladii Græco loco gratias habeo. Eum expetebam, non quod
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Most distinguished and learned. Letter CCVIII. To Joannes Meursius. Greetings. Heribertus Rosweidus Louvain. I should very much have liked Palladius to have appeared in Greek, the prospect of which you had long since held out; unless I had assumed as certain from the public promise, I would already have procured a Greek copy from elsewhere. For it suits my plan, since I have revised and annotated the Lives of the Fathers , a book widely known. To this book I add Palladius’ Lausiac History , Theodoret, and Moschus Eviratus’ Spiritual Meadow , all in Latin, because most of them are lacking in Greek; and because, at the request of certain religious men, I have undertaken this task, to whom Latin is more familiar. I also add Heraclides’ Paradise , published long ago at Paris, if perhaps you do not know. I join Palladius and Heraclides to the Lives of the Fathers for this reason, namely, that each contains almost the same material, so that one seems to have copied the other; and also because in the Lives of the Fathers there occurs a certain book translated from one or the other. Jerome, indeed, makes Ruffinus the author of that book; but it seems rather to have translated Palladius and Heraclides. I shall give a double version of Palladius: the newer one by Gentian Hervet, the older one by an anonymous author, published in the infancy of printing. You now know, most learned Sir, my plan, and why I so greatly desired Palladius to have appeared in Greek, or at least to have had the opportunity to inspect it. For even if some light is brought to doubtful passages by comparing various versions, still the authority of the Greek manuscript is surer, which I now wish we had obtained from you. In your Greek-Barbarian Lexicon you cite the life of St. Arsenius, likewise that of St. Pelagia; I am eager to know whether you have them in your possession, or have merely consulted them. For their memory is also found in the Lives of the Fathers . I should likewise be glad to know what Martyrologies and Menologia you possess. Nor do I suppose that you are contemplating publishing them, but only extracting from them what is suitable for your Lexicon, and for that purpose I shall gladly supply the lives of Metaphrastes, which I take care to have copied out in Greek. In them you will find not a few Greek-Barbarian words. For now I have these Greek items in my possession: Life of Paul the Theban Life of Paul the Homologetes Life of Onuphrius Life of Matrona Life of Mary the Egyptian Life of John the Almoner Life of Eugenia Life of Basil the Great Life of Melania the Roman Life of Agatha. Life of Simeon Stylites. If you wish to consult these for the use of your Lexicon, I shall readily provide them. Nor will I hesitate to supply one or another Latin manuscript glossary, whenever I understand that you are engaged in that field. I do not doubt that you have some manuscripts serving my project; and likewise, as you now understand, I have some that belong to yours. If we either exchange them between ourselves or share them, each will aid the labor of the other. I thank you for the Greek passage of Palladius. I was seeking it, not because
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IVI RORUM EPISTOLÆ, 279 quod in textu ulla difficultas esset, sed quod vetus interpres haberet grataria, ubi Hervetus bellaria. Nunc & hunc Palladii locum, si eidem ab itinere times, inspicere ne grave- ris. Palladius Herveti 5. CXXIII. Similiter etiam quidam nomine Maca- rius ex Vicaria. quo[m]i[n]os [n]o[n] [con]v[er]s[us] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]s[us] [con]v[er]s[us] [con]v[er]s[us]. Vale vir ot- natissime & humanitati facem prælucere perge. Antwerpiæ x. Kal. Martii. CICIXXIII. In [con]v[er]s[us] [n]o[n] [con]citas ex Notkeri Martyrologio Congellum, & falli putas eos, qui proprium viri nomen consent. Imo vero tale est. Patet ex P. Columbae vita lib. 3. c. 31. Per Adamantium. Et vero cum Notkerus eum Latine Paustum dic[er]i asserat, satis insinuat eum Congellum alia lingua, Hibernica videlicet, di- ctum. Quia in historia Constantinopolitana versaris, nihilne legisti de Proa- stio in Septimo? quod in vulgo editis etiam plerisque MS. Prastio in Semtino? Puto Hebdomum esse, unum ex suburbuiis Constantinopoleos. An Prastium pro Pratium? unde Chalcopratium. EPISTOLA CCIX. JOANNI MEURSIO. S. D. Ubbo Emmius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Albani sexennium quod promittis, avidissime exspecto. Non dubito quin ex lectione ejus maximam volup[er]atem sim hausturus. Et quia exemplar ejus ad me te daturum polliceris, habebomunus id carissimum, & tui perpetuum. Valde autem volui scire, an in ea tela texenda etiam longius cogites progredi, & quo cogites usque. Bene merebitur haud dubie de homi- num societate, qui universum hoc negotium complexus recte fuerit, & a capi- te ad calcem deduxerit. Poterit tale opus esse nunc [con]v[er]s[us] [n]o[n] [con]ci, ut summus ille historiographorum de historia a se scripta loquitur. Et scriptor hic cum maximis rebus transmitteret illustre nomen suum, non solum ad præsentes gentes omnes, in quibus literæ valent, sed etiam ad seram atque ultimam posteritatem. Sed quo abeo? salutare tantum te brevi epistolio volui, & desiderium meum tibi significare. Boni consule, & vale, & me in tuorum numero esse fateor. Raptim. XVI. Maji Iuliani M.D.C.XIII. Groningæ. EPISTOLA CCX. JOANNI MEURSIO. S. D. Casparius Gevartius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Quamvis inhumanum omnino ac impudens videatur, ab eo novum benefi- cium petere, a quo multis jam ante beneficiis sum affectus, fretus tamen benevolentia illa, quam ultra meritum meum jam diu expertus sum in me pro- pensum, stimulante necessitate, ad te recurrere ausus sum. Notas meas Statia- nas
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IVI RORUM EPISTOLÆ, 279 because there would be no difficulty in the text, but because the old translator had grataria , where Hervetus has bellaria . Now do not begrudge examining this passage of Palladius too, if you fear being delayed by the journey. Palladius, Hervetus 5. CXXIII. Likewise also someone named Macarius from Vicaria. quo[m]i[n]os [n]o[n] [con]v[er]s[us] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]s[us] [con]v[er]s[us] [con]v[er]s[us]. Farewell, most distinguished man, and continue to let the torch of kindness shine before you. At Antwerp, on the 10th day before the Kalends of March. CICIXXIII. In [con]v[er]s[us] [n]o[n] [con]citas from Notker’s Martyrology, Congellus, and you think those who take it to be the proper name of the man are mistaken. Nay, rather, it is such. This is clear from the life of St. Columba, book 3, chapter 31, by Adamantius. And indeed, since Notker states that he was called Paustus in Latin, he sufficiently indicates that he was called Congellus in another language, namely Irish. Since you are engaged with the history of Constantinople, have you not read about Proastius in the Seventh? and in the printed editions as well as in many manuscripts, Prastius in Semtino? I think Hebdomum is one of the suburbs of Constantinople. Or is it Prastium for Pratium? whence Chalcopratium. EPISTOLA CCIX. TO JOANNES MEURSIUS. G.B. Ubbo Emmius. Lugdunum Batavorum. The six-year work of Albani, which you promise, I await most eagerly. I do not doubt that I shall derive the greatest pleasure from reading it. And because you promise that you will give me a copy of it, I shall have a most precious and lasting gift of yours. I was greatly eager to know whether, in weaving that web, you also think of going farther, and how far you think of going. He will doubtless deserve well of human society who shall have embraced this whole undertaking properly and carried it through from beginning to end. Such a work could now be [con]v[er]s[us] [n]o[n] [con]ci, as that greatest of historians says of the history written by him. And this writer, while conveying great matters, would transfer his illustrious name not only to all present peoples among whom letters have force, but also to the late and utmost posterity. But where am I wandering? I merely wished to greet you with a brief letter, and to make known to you my desire. Take it kindly, and farewell, and I confess that I am among the number of your friends. In haste. May 16, Julian, 1613. Groningen. EPISTOLA CCX. TO JOANNES MEURSIUS. G.B. Casparius Gevartius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Although it may seem entirely inhuman and shameless to ask a new favor from one by whom I have already been shown many favors, yet, relying on that goodwill which I have long experienced in you as inclined toward me beyond my deserving, and urged by necessity, I have dared to turn to you. My notes on Statius
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283 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. nas hic apud nos Hillebrando Ordinum typographo excudendas tradere constitueram, at ipsius prela modo tot exemplaribus onusta sunt, ut nulla ratione, nisi iniquissimo pretio editionem in se recipere velit. Textum quidem Statii a correctore quopiam conducto recenseri patiar, at notas meas non nisi fido & amico credere ausim. Implebunt illæ facile x, aut XII, folia. Qua propter summopere te. Vir Clarissime, rogatum velim, ut, si per gravissimas occupationes tuas fieri possit, Gevartii tui gratia, paucula hæc notarum foliola percurrere digneris, efficiam sane --- --- Officio ne te certasse priorem. Pæniteat Et Amplissimo nostro Legato, qui te plurimum salvere jubet, res nulla gratior accidere poterit. Vale, Vir Charissime, & discipulum tuum hominem tui amantissimum, redama. Hag. Comit. XXIII. Novemb. 1615. EPISTOLA CCXI. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Ioannes Meursius. Lubecam. Iteras tuas, vir clarissime, recte mihi Masius tradidit, quem in istis commendabas. Volui sæpe respondere, sed mittendi certa occasio minime erat: nunc cum iter ad vos caperet Simon Paulli, ejus operam nullo modo negligendam existimavi: Quin acceptæ mihi literæ tuæ fuerint, non est tibi dubitandum: quippe cujus nomen dudum uti novi, sic amavi, tam præclaræ cruditionis ergo. Et qui possem non amare hominem tam mei amantem, & amorem in me suum in scriptis hactenus publicatis satis clare ostendentem? perge, quæso; & affectum istum serva, paria in te facturo. Quid præ manibus nunc habeas, scire aveo: mihi quædam, elucubrata, dum hic ago, præter ista, quæ in Batavis Athenis memoravi; verum, quia necdum nobis de typographo est prospectum; premere cogor. Et nidiculum si cupis, ecce tibi. Gorgiæ Leontini; Alcidamantis, & Antisthenis, quæ supersunt, orationes: cum Diatriba de eorum vita, legibusque, liber singularis. Denarius Pythagoricus; sive de numerorum, usque ad denarium, qualitate, ac nominibus secundum Pythagoricos. Regnum Atticum; sive de regibus Atheniensium, libri III. Theseus; sive de ejus vita, rebusque gestis, liber singularis. Historia Danicæ libri III. in quibus res gestæ Christiani I; ejus filii, Joannis; ac nepotis, Christiani II. Indicavi tibi mea, ut vicissim tua elicerem. Quod si possum, gratum erit. Vale, vir clarissime; meque, tui amantissimum, porro anta. Soræ Danorum, Kal. Iuliis CICIDCXXIX. EPI-
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283 MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. I had determined to hand these over to be printed here among us by Hillebrand, printer to the Estates, but his presses are now so burdened with so many copies that he can in no way take the edition upon himself unless at a most exorbitant price. I would indeed allow the text of Statius to be revised by some hired corrector, but I should venture to trust my notes to no one but a faithful and friendly man. They will easily fill ten or twelve sheets. For this reason I would most earnestly beg you, Most Distinguished Sir, if it can be done amid your very weighty occupations, for the sake of your Gevartius, to condescend to go through these few little sheets of notes; I shall certainly bring it about --- --- That you should not have competed with me in duty first. Let it not grieve you. And to our Most Illustrious Envoy, who sends you very many greetings, nothing could happen more pleasing. Farewell, dearest Sir, and return the love of your disciple, a man most devoted to you. The Hague, 23 November 1615. LETTER CCXI. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. GREETINGS. Ioannes Meursius. To Lübeck. Your letters, most distinguished sir, Masius delivered to me properly; him you recommended in them. I have often wished to reply, but there was no certain opportunity for sending: now, since Simon Paulli was making the journey to you, I judged that his service should by no means be neglected. You need not doubt that your letters were welcome to me; for, since I have long known your name, so I have loved it, on account of such distinguished learning. And how could I not love a man who loves me so much, and has so clearly shown in the writings published thus far his own love toward me? Go on, I beg; and preserve that affection, which will make me do the same toward you. What you now have in hand I am eager to know: I have some things, worked out during my stay here, besides those which I mentioned in the Batavian Athens; but since we have not yet found a printer, I am compelled to hold them back. And if you desire a little sample, here it is for you. The surviving orations of Gorgias of Leontini; of Alcidamas, and of Antisthenes, with a treatise on their life and laws, in a single book. The Pythagorean Decad; or, concerning the nature and names of numbers up to ten according to the Pythagoreans. The Attic Kingdom; or, concerning the kings of the Athenians, in three books. Theseus; or, concerning his life and deeds, in a single book. The History of Denmark in three books, in which are treated the achievements of Christian I; his son John; and his grandson Christian II. I have shown you mine in order to draw yours from you in return. If I can, it will be welcome. Farewell, most distinguished sir; and continue to love me, your most devoted. Sora of the Danes, the Kalends of July 1629. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 281 EPISTOLA CCXII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ioannes Meursius. Lubecam. NOn scripsi ad te aliquo tempore, vir clarissime, quia nec occasio fuit, nec scribendi argumentum: sed affectum tamen illibatum servo, quo vir- tutem, & eruditionem tuam dudum prosequor. Nunc humanitatem tuam implorare necesse habeo. Ante biennium Malium mihi commendasti, qui na- varet operam suam in instituendo filio. Hunc quandoquidem promovi ad mi- nisterium Ecclesiæ, ipse mihi incommodum dedi, filiumque præceptore suo orbavi. Itaque majorem in modum abs te peto, si quem habeas, Masio simi- lem, qui recipere munus illud in se velit, eum ut ad me ableges, & id primo quoque tempore: ne, si quisquam se interea forte offerat, etiam hoc carere debeam. Erit illi conditio eadem, quæ Masio fuit: id est mensam meam habebit, & triginta annuos Imperiales. Sed hoc te admonitum velim, ne- cesse est, ut linguam calleat Saxoniam Inferiorem: nam illam Superiorem filius meus non intelligit: & hoc necesse foret, uti operam in biennium saltem obstringeret; quanquam mallem in triennium. Ignosee, quod molestus tibi esse audeo, si quid hic vicissim tua causa potero, utere jure amicitiæ & invenies me paratum, ut officio satisfaciam. Vale, vir clarissime, & me, quod fa- cis, amare perge, semper paria facturum. Scribebam Hasniæ, quo negotii causa excurri: ad diem xx. Aprilis CICICXXX. EPISTOLA CCXIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ioannes Meursius. Lubecam. VIr Clarissime, petieram per literas a D. Simone Paulli, ut filio meo stu- diorum moderatorem procuraret; atque is rescripsit mihi, permovisse Bartholdum Hintzium; uti istud muneris in se susciperet, atque cum intra men- sem affuturum: ipse quoque Hintzius in literis suis, ad me datis, est testatus, se dierum quatuordecim, aut paulo plurium elapso tempore, adventurum. Nunc cum mora postulata protrahatur, maximopere abs te peto, ut cunctantem surda oratione impellas; & efficias, ut acceleret destinatum ad me iter: quod differ- tur cum jactura studiorum filii mei, uti pro prudentia tua facile judicare potes. Quod si impetro, beneficium arbitrabor: & agnoscam in qualibet occasio- ne. Vale, Hasniæ, addiem xxI. Augusti. CICICXXXIII. Na EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 281 LETTER CCXII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Ioannes Meursius. From Lübeck. I have not written to you for some time, most illustrious sir, because there was neither occasion nor subject for writing; yet I preserve my unspoiled regard, with which I have long pursued your virtue and learning. Now I am obliged to implore your kindness. Two years ago you recommended Malia to me, who was to take charge of instructing my son. Since I have promoted him to a ministry of the Church, I have put myself to inconvenience and deprived my son of his tutor. Therefore I earnestly ask you, if you have anyone similar to Malia, who is willing to undertake that office, that you send him to me, and at the earliest possible time, lest, if someone should happen to offer himself in the meantime, I should even be without that help. His condition will be the same as Malia’s was: that is, he will have my table and thirty Imperial florins a year. But I would have you note this: it is necessary that he be well versed in Lower Saxon; for my son does not understand Upper Saxon; and it would be necessary that he bind himself for at least two years’ service, though I would prefer three. Forgive me for daring to trouble you; if in return I can do anything here for your sake, make use of the right of friendship and you will find me ready to discharge that duty. Farewell, most illustrious sir, and continue, as you do, to love me; I shall always do likewise. I wrote from Copenhagen, whither I had gone on business: on the 20th of April, 1630. LETTER CCXIII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Ioannes Meursius. From Lübeck. Most illustrious sir, I had asked by letter of Mr. Simon Paulli that he procure a director of studies for my son; and he replied to me that he had moved Barthold Hintz to undertake that office, and that he would be here within a month; and Hintz himself, in letters sent to me, has testified that he would come after fourteen days, or a little more. Now, since the promised delay is being prolonged, I most earnestly ask you to urge the reluctant man with a silent admonition, and to make him hasten his intended journey to me; for this delay is at the cost of my son’s studies, as your prudence can easily judge. If I obtain this, I shall count it a favor, and I shall acknowledge it on every occasion. Farewell, from Copenhagen, on the 21st of August, 1633. Na EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTESSIM. EPISTOLA CCXIV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ioannes Meursius. Lubecam, Iteras tuas, Vir Clarissime, recte mihi tradidit collega meus, D. Christia- nus Matthiæ. De scriptore illo utroque, quod inquiris, neutrum habemus: Itaque, quantum possum, hortor, uti edas. Beneficium debebit satis magnum non duntaxat Literaria Respublica, sed & Dania Universa, & Norvegia: quam utramque in majorem modum obstringes. Illustris Dus Cancellarius jam ab aliquo tempore in Cimbria cum Rege agit, neque brevi rediturus. Ubi occasionem ejus salutandi nactus fuero, tuis verbis illud faciam. De S. Canutivita, obituque, item S. Caroli filii; ecce habes. Donum est exiguum quidem, sed affectus in te mei esse illud pignus volo; quodque pretio a se deest, tu benigne æstimando compensabis. Addo effigiem, si hanc tanti arbitraberis: ut præsentem quasi habeas, quem absentem amandum tibi statuis? Vale, & me amare perge, tecum paria facturum. Raptim Soræ, ad diem XIII. Decembris CICICXXXIII. EPISTOLA CCXV. GEORGIO SECFELDIO. Supremo per Scalandiam Iudici, et Territorii Ringstadiensis Præfecto S.D. Ioannes Meursius. Ringstadium. Admodum mihi gratum fuit, literas abs te accipere; &, quod petis, intelligere. Equidem cum inter primos e nobilitate vestra, ob virtutem, & doctrinam, atque ex ea studium in literatos, te observem, gratulatus mihi fui, quod gratificandi tibi, ac testandæ observantiæ, se occasionem offerre animadverterem. Feci itaque quam promptissime, quod petebas tam benigne, cum id posses, ut debebas, imperare. Certe illud tua in me beneficia effecere, ut ingratum me existimem, & indignum tuo tam propenso affectu, nisi effectum tibi dedero, quicquid a me postulabis, si id quidem in me fuerit. Itaque nunc scribo Vossio: & Vilhadum eituum, certe juvenem egregium, & favore omnium bonorum dignum, maximopere commendo: atque ille, satis scio, pro humanitate sua, ac vetere nostra amicitia, tum Vilhadi quoque merito, gratum eum, acceptumque est habiturus: item studia, si qua in re usus erit, adjuturus. Si præterea unquam quicquam a me petes; mea semper opera in promptu. Tu vero Generose Domine, quem amare sponte tua incepisti, nunquam desine. Soræ; ad diem XIX Octobris CICICXXXV. EPI-
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MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. EPISTLE CCXIV. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Ioannes Meursius. Lubeck, Your letters, most illustrious sir, were properly delivered to me by my colleague, D. Christianus Matthiae. As to that writer about whom you inquire, we have neither of them. Therefore, as far as I am able, I urge you to publish it. The benefit will be owed not only by the Republic of Letters, but also by all Denmark and Norway: both of which you will bind to you in the highest degree. The illustrious Lord Chancellor has now for some time been in Cimbria with the King, and will not return soon. When I have found an opportunity to greet him, I shall do so in your words. As to the life of St. Canute, and his death, likewise that of St. Charles’s son, here you have it. The gift is indeed a small one, but I wish it to be a token of my affection toward you; and what it lacks in price, you will kindly make up by your estimate of it. I add a likeness, if you shall think this worth so much: that you may as it were have present the man whom, though absent, you resolve to love? Farewell, and continue to love me, while I shall do the same toward you. Hastily at Sorø, on the 13th of December 1633. EPISTLE CCXV. TO GEORG SECFELD. Supreme Judge in Scania, and Prefect of the Territory of Ringsted, greeting. Ioannes Meursius. Ringsted. It was very pleasing to me to receive your letter, and to understand what you ask. Indeed, since among the first of your nobility, for virtue and learning, and from that your zeal for men of letters, I count you, I congratulated myself when I perceived that an occasion offered itself for gratifying you and giving testimony of my respect. I therefore did as promptly as possible what you so kindly asked, since you could, as you ought, have commanded it. Certainly your benefits toward me have made this result, that I should think myself ungrateful, and unworthy of your so kind an affection, unless I had brought it about for you, whatever you shall demand from me, if only it shall be in my power. And so I now write to Vossius, and I strongly recommend Vilhadum, your man, certainly an excellent young man, and worthy of the favor of all good men; and I know well that he, according to his kindness and our ancient friendship, and also on account of Vilhadum’s merit, will regard him as welcome and well received; likewise he will assist his studies, if ever he needs anything. If, moreover, you shall ever ask anything else of me, my services are always ready. But you, generous sir, whom of your own accord you have begun to love, never cease. At Sorø, on the 19th of October 1635. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 283 EPISTOLA CCXVI. GOTHOFREDO JUNGERMANNO. S. D. G. M. Lingelsheim. Hanoviam. Gratæ omnes scriptiones tuæ, & ultimæ literæ. Gratulor tibi honorem, quem merito tuo tibi defert Pichena, vir magnus meo judicio, certe ejus plane ad meum gustum. Lampugnani imago æque conficta, uti auctor ipse, nam neque Mirandulanus Codex ullus est, neque Lampugnanus, sed Lipsio ludos dare voluit, qui hæc inter equitandum meditatus in chartas conjecerat. Si effigiem inter seedas meas reperire potero, adjungam istis, ut saltem abs te nihil confictum Pichena sentiat. Dolus suboluerat doctis viris, & M. Vellerus penetravit, cui credo quoque notum esse, quis auctor ejus fabulæ fuerit. Lipsii Tacitum postumum percurri, non est ut vester in- videat, nisi ob chartæ præstantiam. De Nysseni editione proxime scripsi, quid Bongarsio placeat, itaque credo, te ad ejus desiderium conformaturum titulum seu frontispicium. Marnius scribit, se ejus voluntati obsequuturum. Molinæus cogitaverat addere tractatum de Monachis, nescio an Marnio aut Bæesto missurus sit, omnino addi deberet. Seghetus noster feliciter evasit, audaces fortuna juvat: si conatus exitu caruisset, immersisset se in mage majores difficultates, gratulor ipse effugium: & suadeo, caute porro sibi caveat ab illis, quos offendit. Consobrinus tuus & Freherus te resalutant amanter, totaque domus mea. Gratum mihi feceris, si miseris mihi libellum apud vos excusum, cujus auctorem puto Brederodium nostrum, cui titulus est. Repræsentatio pacis Generalis &c. Duo velim exemplaria, precium refundam libens. Tu vicissim jure tuo in me utere, & libere significa, quid ame fieri velis. Jo. Ladislaus meus ad patrem suum evocatus abiit Ambergam. Vale carum caput. Heidelberg 16. Iul. 1607. EPISTOLA CCXVII. HENRICO VAGETIO Gymnasi Hamburgenisis Professori. S. D. Ioannes Kirchmannus. Hamburgum. Diu silui, non tui oblivione, sed fiducia veteris nostræ amicitiæ, quam puto tam altas in animis nostris radices egisse, ut nullo quantumvis diuturno silentio evelli possit. Gronovius, quem superioribus literis mihi commendasti, fuit certe mihi acceptissimus, in quo egregia signa deprehendi, nec dubito, quin aliquando in doctorum lustro interprimos censeri possit, modo vitam ipsi Deus concesserit. Is coram mihi de peritia Nn 2
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LETTERS OF MEN. 283 LETTER CCXVI. TO GOTHOFRED JUNGERMANNUS. S. D. G. M. Lingelsheim. Hanover. All your writings are welcome to me, and especially your latest letters. I congratulate you on the honor which Pichena, in my judgment a great man, and certainly entirely to my taste, bestows upon you as you deserve. Lampugnanus’s likeness is just as much a fabrication as the author himself; for there is neither any Mirandulan codex nor any Lampugnanus, but he wanted to play a trick on Lipsius, who, while riding about, had meditated these things and thrown them onto paper. If I can find the likeness among my own papers, I shall add it to those, so that Pichena may at least see that nothing fabricated comes from you. The deceit had been suspected by learned men, and M. Vellerus discovered it; I believe he also knows who the author of that fable was. I have gone through Lipsius’s posthumous Tacitus; it is not inferior to yours, except for the excellence of the paper. About Nyssen’s edition I recently wrote what Bongarsius approves, and thus I believe you will adapt the title or frontispiece to his wish. Marnius writes that he will comply with his intention. Molinæus had thought of adding a treatise on the Monks; I do not know whether he will send it to Marnius or to Bæestus; in any case it ought to be added. Our Seghetus has happily escaped; fortune favors the bold. If the attempt had ended unsuccessfully, he would have plunged himself into even greater difficulties. I myself congratulate him on his escape, and I advise him to continue to beware cautiously of those whom he has offended. Your cousin and Freher send you affectionate greetings, as does my whole household. You will oblige me if you send me a booklet printed among you, whose author I think is our Brederodius, and whose title is: Repræsentatio pacis Generalis, etc. I should like two copies; I will gladly reimburse the price. In return, make use of your right over me, and freely indicate what you wish to be done by me. My Jo. Ladislaus, summoned by his father, has gone off to Amberg. Farewell, dear heart. Heidelberg, 16 July 1607. LETTER CCXVII. TO HENRY VAGETIUS Professor of the Hamburg Gymnasium. S. D. Ioannes Kirchmannus. Hamburg. For a long time I have been silent, not out of forgetfulness of you, but because of confidence in our ancient friendship, which I believe has taken such deep root in our minds that it cannot be torn out by any silence, however long. Gronovius, whom you commended to me in your previous letters, was certainly most welcome to me; in him I perceived remarkable signs, and I do not doubt that, if God grants him life, he may one day be counted among the foremost in the circle of the learned. He in person spoke to me about the knowledge of Nn 2
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284 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. peritia linguæ Græcæ commendavit quendam studiosum apud vos commorantem, nomine Brockmannum M. Schoesleri vestri p.m., nisi fallor, ex forore filium, quem tibi notum esse puto. Cum vero Senatus Revaliensis sollicitus sit de Græcæ linguæ professore, qui in Gymnasio suo, ante paucos annos erecto, Homerum, Hesiodum & alios scriptores Græcos interpretetur, rogo Brockmannum hunc accependum cures, & ex ipso quæras, utrum professionem hanc velit accipere, & primo quoque tempore in Livoniam navigare. Stipendium ipsi assignabitur 150. Imperial. in specie, ut loquuntur, præter alia accidentia, ut ex literis Senatus Revaliensis, ad Dn. D. Hunnium nostrum scriptis, videre est. Si accipit conditionem, poterit animi sui sententiam primo quoque die ad me perscribere: & tempus ipsi constituam, ad quod se hic sistere debeat, ut prima quoque nave in viam se dare possit. Gratum mihi facies, si hac in re non difficilem te præbueris: & Brockmannum, quem non alienum ab hoc officio suscipiendo intellexi, non vulgari beneficio devincies. Scripsi in eandem sententiam ante octiduum ad Gronovium, a quo cum responsum nondum acceperim, suspicor cum Hamburgo abiisse. Urget autem responsum Dn. D. Hunnius, cui Senatus Revaliensis potestatem dedit conducendi operam idonei hominis, cui professio hæc recte commendari possit. Sumptus itineris ipsi a Senatu Revaliensi refundentur. Non dubito etiam quin talis sit, qualis a Dn. Gronovio mihi fuit commendatus: de quo etiam judicium tuum expeto. Vale V. Cl. & si me amas, negotium hoc in te suscipe. Dabam Lubecæ 29. Martii A[nn]o 1634. EPISTOLA CCXVIII. THEODORO BROSSIO J.V.D. Ducatuum Slesvici & Holsatiæ Concellario. S.D. Ioannes Kirchmannus. Slesvicum. Cum hodie aliquid literarum mihi dandum esset ad urbis vestræ Consulem Bernhardum Munden, cujus filius domi meæ vivit, facere non potui quin simul ad te quoque scriberem, & amicitiæ nostræ ignem hoc veluti slabro ventilarem. Iam pridem autem factum est, cum tibi significarem, me in Bibliotheca a Senatu nostro fidei meæ commissa reperisse Theodorici Monachi cujusdam historiam Regum Norvegiensium in membrana scriptam, quæ ducentorum & quod excurrit annorum res gestas complectitur. Ex illo reperi quoque Anonymi cujusdam autoris scriptum de profectione Danorum in Terram Sanctam circa annum Christi 1187. tempore Regis Kanuti Woldemari F. suscepta, quam ipsam quoque hactenus lucem non vidisse existimo. Capitula utriusque Tractatus tibi mitto, ut, re cum aliis communicata, consilium mihi dare possis, utrum operæ pretium facturus sim, si utramque historiam publicarem. Nolim frustra me fatigare, si sciam hos Tractatus alicubi
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284 Most illustrious and most learned. By my knowledge of the Greek language I have recommended to you a certain scholar who is staying among you, named Brockmann, son, if I am not mistaken, of your late M. Schoesler from Forooren, whom I think you know. Since, however, the Senate of Reval is concerned about a professor of the Greek language, who in its Gymnasium, erected a few years ago, may interpret Homer, Hesiod, and other Greek writers, I ask you to see that Brockmann is received, and to inquire of him whether he is willing to accept this professorship, and to sail to Livonia at the earliest possible time. He will be assigned a salary of 150 Imperial in specie, as they say, besides other incidentals, as may be seen from the letters of the Senate of Reval, written to our Dn. D. Hunnius. If he accepts the condition, he may write me his decision at the earliest possible day: and I will set him a time by which he must present himself here, so that he may set out on the first ship possible. You will do me a kindness if in this matter you do not show yourself difficult: and you will bind Brockmann, whom I have understood to be not unwilling to undertake this office, to you by no ordinary favor. I wrote to the same effect eight days ago to Gronovius, from whom, since I have not yet received a reply, I suspect that he has gone to Hamburg. But Dn. D. Hunnius presses for a reply, to whom the Senate of Reval has given authority to engage the services of a suitable man, to whom this professorship may rightly be entrusted. His travel expenses will be refunded by the Senate of Reval. I do not doubt either that he is such a man as was recommended to me by Dn. Gronovius: concerning whom I also seek your judgment. Farewell, most illustrious sir, and if you love me, take this business upon yourself. Given at Lübeck, 29 March, in the year 1634. Epistle CCXVIII. To THEODORUS BROSSIUS Councillor of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, Doctor of Both Laws. Greetings. Ioannes Kirchmannus. Schleswig. Since today I had some letters to send to the burgomaster of your city, Bernhard Munden, whose son lives in my house, I could not but write to you also at the same time, and fan as it were with this bellows the fire of our friendship. Long ago, however, I had occasion to inform you that in the Library entrusted to my care by our Senate I had found the history of the Kings of Norway, written on parchment, by a certain Monk Theodoricus, which includes deeds spanning more than two hundred years. From that I also found a writing of a certain anonymous author concerning the expedition of the Danes to the Holy Land, undertaken around the year of Christ 1187, in the time of King Knut, son of Waldemar, which I believe likewise has not yet seen the light. I am sending you the chapters of both treatises, so that, after consulting with others, you may be able to advise me whether I would be doing worthwhile work if I published both histories. I would not wish to tire myself in vain, if I knew these treatises somewhere
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 285 alicubi in Dania extate, sive editos sive manuscriptos. Si minus, videor mihi egregium thesaurum reperisse, & auro contra æstimandum, modo for- tuna mihi amicos conciliet, quorum opera hæc res Regiæ Majestati innotescat. Te, Vir Amplissime & amicissime, etiam atque etiam rogo, apud Danicarum rerum peritos inquirere non graveris, utrum fando quid de his scriptis audiverint: meque pro veteri nostra amicitia consilio tuo juvare, ne oleum & operam in iis describendis & publicandis perdam. Mitto tibi librum nostrum de Funeribus Auctario locupletatum: utque alterum ejus exemplum Magnifico Dn. Cancellario D. Martino Chemnitio cum plurima salute red- dendum cures, obnixe oro. Vale Vir Amplissime, amicorum ocella, cum uxore lectissima, quam a me meaque plurimum salutabis. Dabam Lubecæ ix Maji Ao. 1625. EPISTOLA CCXIX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Fredericus Lindenbrogius. Rostochium. Ego vero amicitiæ nostræ memor sedulo sum, & frequens, ubi ubi occasio est, laudator ejus existo, ne tu affectum, quem olim in me expertus es, deferbuisse putes: de quo sane ætatem securus esse potes. Volupe autem fuit intelligere, quæ de studiis tuis narras: ad quæ continuanda non incentorem modo, sed qua parte possum adjutorem me expecta: Quod ut verum scias, collectanea mea de anulis reliquoque mundo, quæ a me petis; qualiacunque illa sunt, facile nunc ecce mitto: ut & tu & omnes probi intelligant, me bona fide melioribus litteris factum voluisse. Quia autem omnia tumultuario opere congesta sunt, recte feceris si quæ tibi usui esse possunt, inde excerpes, meum autem exemplar ad me quam primum remittas. Heliodori Optica te vidisse puto. Jam sub prælo Iornandem habeo, cum aliis quibusdam ejus monetæ historicis: Item Cod. LL. antiquarum, in quo Leges Wisigothorum, Burgundorum, Alemannorum &c. Sed vix intra annum prodibunt. Vale Hamburg. A. D. Kal. April. Ao. CIO IXXXI. EPISTOLA CCXX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Fredericus Lindenbrogius. Lubecam. Quitibi hasce litteras reddit, nobilissimi Benjamini Maurerii, Christia- nissimi Galliarum Regis ad Ordines Hollandiæ haud ita olim legati filius est. Eum de eadem, qua mihi ab Amplissimo Hug. Grotio Succiæ impræ- sentiarum Legato commendatus est nota, & ego tibi commendo. Tu vero hoc amicitiæ nostræ dabis, ut reapse intelligat, & Grotii & meas Litteras haud Nn 3
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LETTERS OF THE LEARNED. 285 somewhere in Denmark this summer, whether printed or manuscript. If not, I seem to myself to have found an excellent treasure, worth more than gold, provided fortune secure me friends through whose efforts this matter may be made known to His Majesty the King. You, most distinguished and very dear Sir, I again and again ask not to hesitate to inquire among experts in Danish affairs whether they have heard anything by report about these writings; and, out of our old friendship, to help me with your counsel, lest I waste time and labor in copying and publishing them. I am sending you our book on Funerals, enriched with an Appendix; and I earnestly beg that you will also take care that another copy of it be returned to the Magnificent Mr. Chancellor, Dr. Martin Chemnitz, with many greetings. Farewell, most distinguished Sir, jewel of friends, together with your very excellent wife, whom you will greet very much on my behalf and in my name. Given at Lübeck, 9 May 1625. LETTER CCXIX. TO JOHN KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Friedrich Lindenbrogius. Rostock. Indeed I am very mindful of our friendship, and whenever I have the opportunity I am its frequent admirer, lest you think that the regard you once found in me has cooled off; of which, indeed, you may be secure for all time. It was a pleasure, moreover, to hear what you relate about your studies: for continuing them, expect not only an encourager but, so far as I can, a helper as well. And that you may know this to be true, I am now sending—readily, see here—my collections on rings and the rest of the world, which you ask of me; such as they are. Thus both you and all good men may understand that, in good faith, I wished to be associated with better letters. But because everything has been gathered together in a rough-and-ready way, you will do well to extract from it whatever may be of use to you, and to send my copy back to me as soon as possible. I think you have seen Heliodorus’s Optics. I now have Jornandes under the press, together with certain other historians of that coinage: also a Codex of the ancient laws, in which are the laws of the Visigoths, Burgundians, Alemanni, etc. But they will hardly appear within the year. Farewell. Hamburg, on the Kalends of April, 1681. LETTER CCXX. TO JOHN KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Friedrich Lindenbrogius. Lübeck. He who delivers these letters to you is the son of the most noble Benjamin Maurerius, who was not long ago the envoy of the Most Christian King of France to the States of Holland. Since he was recommended to me by the most distinguished Hugo Grotius, present ambassador of Sweden, under the same character, I also commend him to you. Do you, in return, grant this to our friendship, that he may in fact understand that both Grotius’s letters and mine have not Nn 3
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286 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. haud inutiles sibi fuisse. Lubeca in Daniam proficiscetur. Fac, quæso, ut & ibi amicos reperiat, sed doctos & quales tutemet ipsus desiderare posses, si tibi in Galliam cundum foret. Vale. Hamburg. xxvIII Maji. A[nn]o C[rist]I[us] 15C XXXVII. EPISTOLA CCXXI. JANO GRUTERO S. D. Fredericus Lindebrogius. Amica illa salutatio, quam in litteris Elmenhorstii nostri legi, aurem mi- hi vellit, ut hac te allocutione sinceri affectus plena resalutarem. A quo officio etiamsi per tempus aliquod destiverim, non tamen fastidior esse coepi tui amoris, quem semper magni feci: sed nescio quæ me acedia invaserit, & condolentia, quod tantum laboris rei litterariæ impendi, cum videam studia hæc nostra adeo nunc contemni, ut eruditi & sobrii fere pro infaustis & infe- licibus habeantur; quodetiam Ammianus noster de sui seculi moribus no- tat. Aliquando tamen vetus illa redit in præcordia virtus; & si non dies integros, saltem horas aliquot optimorum auctorum lectioni impendo. Nu- per in Cicerone fui. Epistolarum famil. lib. IIIII. Epist. v. Paucis post annis ei moriendum fuit, quoniam homo nata fuerat. Quem locum cum le- gerem, in mentem mihi aliorum interpretationes revocabam: quæ tamen ri- diculariæ plurimam partem videbantur. Vera enim scriptura hæc est: ei mo- riendum fuit, quoniam hoc modo nata sunt. Et tua fide, veriusne quidquam putas? Veteres enim libri habuere hoc modo hinc error natus. Enim omnes hoc modo nascimur, ut denascamur. Alius est locus lib. x. Ep. xxIII. Vale. IIIII. Id. Iunias. Civarone ex finibus Allobrogum. Gratianopolis quæ nunc vocatur, olim Cularo dicta fuit, ut apparet ex veteri inscriptione, quæ etiam nunc in portis ejus Civitatis videtur. Quum ergo Plancus se trajecisse Isaram testatur exercitum, non dubito, quin legendum sit Cularone ex fini- bus Allobr. neque aliter in Notitia Imperii hæc civitas, si recte memini, appellatur, quæ etiam, ut hoc obiter addam, Acusiorum COLONIA, ab Acusiis populis, quorum in vicinis locis, sedes fuere, dicta fuit. Hæc ideo ad tescribo, quod in Cicerone nunc totum te esse lubens intellexi. Et bene Hercle, quod ex hominis illius cum latrante nomine (scelus enim viri aliter vocare religio est) tagacissimis manibus sit liberatus. Nihil enim boni in illo authore falsiloquum os præstitisset, nisi quod ab aliis furatus fuisset, quod pro suo venditasset. Hanc nimirum ille artem omnium optime callebat: & quem novissime edidit librum tenebricosum, Umbratilis ille, inter doctis- simi optimique viri Iani Guillelmi schedas repertum ajunt. In quo id tan- tum præstitit, quod aliam illi vestem induit, & suo more turpavit. Nam carmina quæ passim intermixta, non adulteri hujus fuerunt, sed Scholæ Slef- wicensis Rectoris viri eruditi & probi: qui etiam nunc vivit, atque id aperte fatetur.
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286. Famous and Most Learned. have not been useless to him. Lubec will set out for Denmark. Please see to it, I beg, that he find friends there too, but learned ones, and such as you yourself could wish for, if you had to go to France. Farewell. Hamburg, 28 May, in the year of Christ 1637. EPISTLE CCXXI. TO JANO GRUTER, GREETINGS. Fredericus Lindebrogius. That friendly greeting which I read in the letters of our Elmenhorstius tugged at my ear, so that with this salutation, full of sincere affection, I should return your greeting. Although for some time I have been remiss in this duty, I have not become less devoted to your affection, which I have always highly valued; but I know not what sloth has seized me, and what grief, that so much labor has been spent on literary matters, when I see these studies of ours now so despised that the learned and sober are almost held to be unlucky and unfortunate; which even our Ammianus notes concerning the morals of his age. Yet sometimes that old virtue returns to my heart; and if not whole days, at least I devote a few hours to the reading of the best authors. Recently I was in Cicero. Epist. famili. lib. IIII. Epist. v. “Paucis post annis ei moriendum fuit, quoniam homo nata fuerat.” When I read that passage, I recalled to mind the interpretations of others, which nevertheless seemed for the most part ridiculous. For the true reading is this: “ei moriendum fuit, quoniam hoc modo nata sunt.” And on your faith, do you think anything more true? For the old books had hoc modo; hence the error arose. For all are born in this way, so that we may be un-born. There is another passage, lib. x. ep. xxiii. Farewell. 5 Id. June. From Civarone, on the borders of the Allobroges. Gratianopolis, which is now so called, was formerly called Cularo, as appears from an ancient inscription, which is even now seen on the gates of that city. Since therefore Plancus testifies that he crossed the Isara with his army, I do not doubt that it should be read Cularone, from the borders of the Allobroges; nor otherwise, if I rightly remember, is this city called in the Notitia Imperii. It was also, let me add this in passing, called the COLONY of the Acusians, from the Acusian peoples, whose settlements were in nearby places. I write this to you because I was glad to understand that you are now wholly occupied with Cicero. And by Hercules, it is well that he has been freed from the most meddlesome hands of that man with the barking name (for it is a religious matter to call that villain otherwise). For that false-tongued mouth would have produced nothing good in that author, except what he had stolen from others and sold as his own. Indeed, that was the art in which he was most skilled of all; and the dark book he most recently published, that shadow-dweller, they say was found among the papers of the most learned and excellent man Janus Guilielmus. In it he did only this: he put another garment on it and in his own fashion disfigured it. For the poems interspersed here and there were not this adulterer’s, but those of the Rector of the School of Schleswig, a learned and upright man, who is still living and openly admits it.
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 287 fatetur. Sed satis in præsentiarum de impuro hoc; cujus vitam integro scripto in animo habeo divulgare. Vale Vir doctissime & me mutuiter ama. Hamburgi XXIII Aug. AOCID. LXXIII. Achillis Statii librum ad exemplar Rom. hic edi curavi, quem ad te mitto. Addidissem etiam Cod. Leg. Antiquar. sed verebar, ne studii hujus lectione capereris. Dabo tamen si illum te sic desiderare intellexero, quemadmodum ego Historiæ Aug. Scriptores a te recognitos, qui hic nullo modo possunt haberi, tu videris. Censorinum Frater meus (a quo salutem adscribo) sub prælo habet, In quem si quid notasti, quæso publici boni causa ne grave sit nobiscum communicare. Iterum Vale. EPISTOLA CCXXII. FRID. LINDENBROGIUS. S.D. Petro Lambecio suo. Amstelodamum. UT verum fatear, haud placet, mi Petre, quod tam derepente Bataviam deserere stat sententia: habes enim in illa viros præstantissimos, a quibus doctior semper discedere posses. Quandoquidem vero avunculo tuo aliter visum, credo, ut tanto commodius te Romam mox post avocet, ejus voluntati ut morem geras oportet. Lutetiam ubi veneris, salutabis meo nomine viros illustres, & supra captum horum hominum eruditionis fama præclues, Bignionium, Framondum, Puteanum, Rigaltium, Valesium: qui omnes studiis tuis summe favebunt. De Bignionio resciscees, an Marculsi recentata editio prodierit: de Valesio, an Amm. Marcellini; de Framondo an libris suprema sit imposita manus. Salutabis etiam V. Cl. Stellam Germanum, & Maurerium Francum. Ad Dan. Heinsium scripsissem equidem, si commendatitiis novis opushaberes: cum vero ex prioribus meis litteris, ad quas responsum nondum accepi, satis superque illis notus, iterato favorem illius tibi conciliare velle, superfluum arbitror. Qui amor illius est erga bonæ frugis mentisque juvenes, suapte sponte offeret, quæ me precatore ab ipso impetrare desideras. Utriusque Vossii libros, quos ad me mittunt, nondum accepi: quos ubi nactus fuero, statim ad eos scribam. Quicquid vero aut illi, aliive ad me mittere velint, id omne Ludovico Elzevirio Bibliopolæ Amsterodamensi tradatur oportet, is recte porro ad me curabit. Dno. Salmasio inscriptionem hanc veterem, quam adjunxi, exhibeas quæso. Quam si Commentario suo, sicut in Herodis Attici inscriptione fecit, illustrare vellet, viros ædepol doctos, me potissimum eruditionis suæ laudatorem summum, maximo beneficio afficeret. Vale. Hamburgi XXI. Iulii An. CIC IXXLVI. Gnaviter quæso inquiras tam Leidæ, quam mox post Parisiis, anne venales habere possis, sed incompactos Renati Choppini de Domanio. Parisiis. fol. Ejusdem de legibus Andium sive Andegavensium. Parisiis in fol. ultimæ editionis. Hieronymi Aleandri Commentarium ad vetus Kalendarium
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LETTERS OF THE LEARNED. 287 he admits. But enough for the present about this impure fellow; I intend to publish his life in a complete work. Farewell, most learned man, and love me in return. Hamburg, 23 August, 1733. I have had Achille Statius’s book published here from the Roman copy, and I send it to you. I would also have added the Cod. Leg. Antiquar., but I feared lest you might be carried away by reading of this study. I shall, however, send it if I learn that you desire it as much as I do the Historiæ Aug. Scriptores, revised by you, which cannot in any way be obtained here; you may consider that matter. My brother has Censorinus in press (from whom I send greetings). If you have noted anything in it, I beg you, for the public good, not to think it burdensome to share it with us. Farewell again. EPISTLE CCXXII. FRIEDRICH LINDENBROGIUS GREETS PETRUS LAMBECIUS, His own. Amsterdam. TO tell the truth, my dear Peter, I am not pleased that you have so suddenly resolved to leave Batavia; for in that place you have very eminent men, from whom you could always depart more learned. Since, however, your uncle has judged otherwise, and I believe that he does so in order to recall you to Rome all the more conveniently before long, you must comply with his wish. When you come to Paris, greet in my name the distinguished men who are renowned beyond the reach of such men’s learning: Bignon, Frémont, Puteanus, Rigault, and Valesius; all of them will greatly support your studies. Ask Bignon whether the revised edition of Marculf has appeared; Valesius, whether Ammianus Marcellinus; Frémont, whether the finishing hand has been laid to his books. Also greet the very learned Germanus Stella and the Frenchman Maurerus. I would certainly have written to Daniel Heinsius, if you needed new letters of recommendation; but since from my earlier letters, to which I have not yet received a reply, you are sufficiently and more than sufficiently known to him, I think it superfluous to wish to commend you to his favor again. His affection for young men of good morals and sound mind will of itself offer what you desire to obtain from him through my request. I have not yet received the books of both Vossii, which they are sending to me; when I have obtained them, I shall at once write to them. Whatever, however, either they or anyone else may wish to send to me, all of it ought to be handed over to the bookseller Ludwig Elzevir of Amsterdam, and he will properly forward it to me. I beg you to show this old inscription, which I have added, to Mr. Salmasius. If he should wish to illustrate it with his commentary, as he did in the inscription of Herodes Atticus, he would, by God, confer the greatest benefit upon learned men, and especially upon me, who am most of all a devoted admirer of his erudition. Farewell. Hamburg, 21 July, 1676. I beg you to inquire diligently, both at Leiden and later at Paris, whether you can obtain the following for sale, but unbound: René Choppin’s De Domanio. Paris, folio. Likewise his De legibus Andium sive Andegavensium. Paris, folio, latest edition. Hieronymus Aleander’s Commentary on the ancient Calendar
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288 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. darium Romanum, sub Valente Imp. Romæ. Eos ubi indagaveris, emas quæso, & ad me mittas; pretium continuo patri tuo refundam. EPISTOLA CCXXIII. FREDERICUS LINDENBROGIUS. S.D. Petro Lambecio. Lutetiam Parisiorum. MIRABAR silentium tuum, neque causam ejus comminisci poteram: quam adeo affatim nunc explicas, ut iterum te silere operæ pretium esset, si iterum tam copi pectore tam grata nuntiare posses. Laudo diligentiam, imo felicitatem tuam, quod tam exiguo temporis spatio tam præclara indagare potueris. Nisi Holstenii auxiliari manu adjutus fueris, qui illa jam olim a se collecta tibi edenda commisit. Quicquid sit, bonum factum, quod quæ hactenus a plurimis ignorata fuere, nunc opera tua ab omnibus legi possint. Agelliana tua hactenus non vidi, neque hic venalia habentur. Ab aliis tamen bene navatam operam intellexi. Si quid porro novorum librorum melioris notæ minimeque publici saporis isthic edatur, quæso me certiorem redde. Imprimis an libris & Amm. Marcellino suprema manus sit imposita. Et quale illorum pretium, juxta adærationem flavorum de moneta Regia. Quam primum ad virum Clariss. Tassium invisere commodum erit, illum tuo nomine salutabo. Is per menses aliquot adversa valetudine usus est, adeo ut metus sit, ne ubi marcor vires absumpserit, ad pluresabeat. Tu vero, mi Petre, vive & vale, tuis meisque votis feliciter. Hamburgi XIII. Febr. An. CICIXCLVIII. EPISTOLA CCXXIV. LUCÆ HOLSDENIO. S.D. Ioannes Kirstenius. Lugdunum Estavorum. Nimium raræ nobis abs te literæ afferuntur, cum singulis septimanis tabellarios reperias, qui Hamburgum proficiscantur. Patronus meus singularis ut & vir maximus D. Elmenhorstius tibi ternas misit litteras, ad quas ne verbum respondisti, quod demiratur. Num tot es obvolutus negotiis, ut ne unam epistolam exarare possis? at dedisti nuper ad alios prolixas, qui nec genere, nec moribus, nec eruditione cum ipso sunt comparandi. Noli committere posthac, ut te de negligentia epistolarum juste accuset, sed tandem mitte prolixas istas, quas jam diu est, quod ipsi pollicitus es. Scire avet D. Elmenhorstius, an Cl. Heinsio Proclum Platonicum, & epistolam suam obtuleris, quem nuper ad te misit. Scribe, quid agat Proclus alter, an aliquid spei de ipsius editione sit reliquum. Si istic non potest excudi, cum prima occasione remittere debes. Exemplaria Arnobii, Minutii, & Gennadii, quæ 19 Augustiad Petrum de Witte, civem Amstelredamensem, mitit, te
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288 MOST FAMOUS AND LEARNED. of the Roman darium, under Emperor Valens, at Rome. If you find them, I beg you to buy them and send them to me; I will immediately refund the price to your father. EPISTLE CCXXIII. FREDERICUS LINDENBROGIUS. S.P. To Peter Lambecius. At Paris. I was wondering at your silence, and could not imagine the cause of it; yet now you explain it so fully that it would be worth your while to be silent again, if again you could announce such pleasant news with such abundance in your breast. I praise your diligence, indeed your good fortune, that in so short a time you have been able to discover such excellent things. Unless you were aided by Holstein’s helping hand, who entrusted to you for publication those things which he had already long ago collected himself. Whatever the case, well done, since what up to now has been unknown to many may now, through your work, be read by all. I have not yet seen your Agellius, nor are copies available here for sale. However, I have learned from others that you have performed your task well. If anything further of new books, of a better sort and by no means of the common taste, should be published there, I beg you to let me know. Above all, whether the final hand has been laid to the books and to Ammianus Marcellinus. And what is the price of them, according to the valuation of the florins in the royal currency. As soon as it is convenient to visit the most learned man Tassius, I shall greet him in your name. He has for some months now been in poor health, so much so that there is fear lest, when weakness has exhausted his strength, he pass away to the many. But you, my Peter, live and fare well, happily, with your wishes and mine. Hamburg, 13 Feb. in the year 1658. EPISTLE CCXXIV. TO LUCA HOLSTENIUS. S.P. Ioannes Kirstenius. At Lüneburg of the Saxons. Letters from you are brought to us too rarely, since each week you can find couriers who are going to Hamburg. My distinguished patron, as well as that greatest man D. Elmenhorstius, has sent you three letters, to which you have not answered a word, which he is astonished at. Are you so burdened with business that you cannot write even one letter? Yet you lately wrote lengthy ones to others, who are neither comparable to him in rank, nor in character, nor in learning. Do not allow it to happen in future that he rightly accuses you of negligence in letters, but at last send those lengthy replies, which you have long promised him. D. Elmenhorstius is eager to know whether you have presented the Platonic Proclus and his letter to the distinguished Heinsius, whom he recently sent to you. Write what the other Proclus is doing, whether any hope remains for the publication of him. If it cannot be printed there, you must send it back at the first opportunity. The copies of Arnobius, Minucius, and Gennadius, which on 19 August he sent to Peter de Witte, a citizen of Amsterdam, you
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 289 te jam accepisse non dubitat. An commutaveris istos libros cum Elzevirio, & quid de iconoclasta actum, qui imaginem ipsius cælaret, cupide scire cu- pit. Orat præterea Dn. Elmenhorstius, ut ad Lactantium, quem misit, varian- tes lectiones studiosè appingas, & cum tibi Dn. Heinsius Methonem M.S. in Procli Theologiam commiserit, eum ad Petrum de Witte diligenter obsigna- tum mittas, additis precibus, ut recte cum curare velit; non per nautam, sed per juratum tabellarium, cum quode pretio pro latura pacisci debet. Cæteros vero libros poterit nautæ bono committere. Insuper vult, ut diligenter inqui- ras de Nonni Dionysiacis editis per Plantinum in quarto, græce cum Scholiis Falkenburgii, & de Elucidationibus B. Ariæ Montani in quatuor Euangelistas & Acta Apostolorum, ut & Iani Drusii in N.T. annotationibus: quicquid insumpseris, statim vel patri tuo, vel tibi reddet. Plura ad te scribere non habeo, antequam ipse respondebis. Tu igitur hisce perfectis statim responde, & ad D. Elmenhorstium, cui hæres in medullis, quamprimum de omnibus rebus quam diligentissime perscribe. Ejus jussu (quoniam ipse occupatissimus est) hæc sibi significare volui. Vale mi amice, & hæc cura. Hamb. desubito die 14 Septembris. Stylo veteri & nostrate. EPISTOLA CCXXV. GEVERHARTO ELMENHORSTIO. S. D. Lucas Holsteinius. Hamburgum. Quanquam prioribus meis satis prolixe de omnibus ad postremas tuas re- sponderim, non potui tamen, quin & has auctari vice adderem, cum hoc mense proximo forte nulla mihi scribendi occasio futura sit: hodierno enim die literis Nobil. Vosbergii Hagam evocatus sum, ut post triduum cum privigno ipsius ad prædium hæreditarium me conferam, ibidemque ferias ca- niculares transigam. Ego sane domi cum Platone & Proclo cæterisque philoso- phari mallem, quam puerum in arundine longa equitantem observare. Sed . Antwerpiam nunc tertium videbo, si ab hac chimæra me expedire potero, aveo videre & amplecti humanissimos ho- mines Schottum & Brantium: via enim brevis est, & exiguis sumptibus eam conficere licet. Vellem accuratius mihi de rebus vestris constaret, ut coram cum ipsis agere possem. Veruntamen cum sermones cæduntur, aliud ex alio subinde incidere solet. Si scribendi erit occasio, diligenter me ipsis commen- dato: nam, ni fallor, literæ tuæ, si recto itinere eant, facile me prævenient. De religionis negotio attexerem quædam, nisi ex publicis relationibusceate jam cognovisse putarem. Remonstrantium cætus edictorum severitate passim dis- turbantur, jamque & spe omni & animis destituuntur, sic studiavotaque ipso- rum ubique videas in pejus ruere, & retro sublapsa referri. Idoque miselli. Obstipo capite & sigentes lumine terram Murmura nunc secum & rabiosa silentia rodunt Oo Aigne
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LETTERS OF MEN. 289 he does not doubt that you have already received it. He eagerly wishes to know whether you have exchanged those books with Elzevir, and what has been done about the iconoclast who was scratching out his portrait. Furthermore, Mr. Elmenhorst requests that, in the Lactantius which he sent, you carefully note the variant readings, and that, since Mr. Heinsius has entrusted to you the MS. Methon on Proclus’s Theology, you send it carefully sealed to Petrus de Witte, adding a request that he will see to it properly; not by a sailor, but by a sworn courier, with whom you must bargain for the price of carriage. The other books, however, he may safely entrust to the sailor. In addition, he wants you to make a careful inquiry about Nonnius’s Dionysiaca, printed by Plantin in quarto, in Greek with Falkenburg’s scholia, and about the Elucidations of B. Arias Montanus on the four Evangelists and the Acts of the Apostles, as well as Jan Drusius’s annotations on the New Testament: whatever you spend, he will immediately repay, either to your father or to you. I have no more to write to you before you yourself reply. Therefore, once you have finished these matters, reply at once, and to Mr. Elmenhorst, in whose heart you dwell, write as soon as possible and as carefully as possible about everything. By his command (since he is extremely busy himself) I wished to make these things known to him. Farewell, my friend, and attend to this. Hamburg, suddenly, on the 14th of September. In the old style and the local style. EPISTLE CCXXV. TO GEVERHARD ELMENHORST. Greetings. Lucas Holsteinius. Hamburg. Although in my previous letters I had already replied at sufficient length to all that was in your last ones, I nevertheless could not refrain from adding these in turn, since it may well happen that I shall have no occasion to write at all in the coming month: for today I have been summoned by letters of the noble Vosberg to The Hague, so that after three days I may go with his stepson to the hereditary estate, and there spend the dog days. I should certainly prefer to remain at home with Plato and Proclus and the rest of the philosophers, rather than watch a boy riding on a long reed. But I shall now see Antwerp for the third time, if I can free myself from this chimera; I long to see and embrace the most kindly men, Schott and Brant. For the route is short, and it is possible to complete it at small expense. I should like to know more exactly how things stand with you, so that I might deal with them in person. However, when conversations are cut short, one thing is apt to occur after another. If there is occasion to write, commend me earnestly to them: for, unless I am mistaken, your letters, if they go by the direct route, will easily get ahead of me. As to the business of religion, I would add certain matters, unless I supposed that from the public reports you were by now sufficiently informed. The gatherings of the Remonstrants are being everywhere broken up by the severity of the edicts, and already they are stripped of all hope and courage, so that everywhere you may see their efforts and vows falling into worse and worse condition, and what has slipped back be brought once again to ruin. And so the poor wretches. With bowed heads and eyes fixed on the ground they now gnaw at murmurs and raging silences among themselves.
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Atque ex porreto trutinantes verba labello. Magna erit horna messis scriptorum polemicorum, quibus & Synodum & Acta Ordinum orbi universo examinanda dijudicandaque proponent. Jamque duo horribiles libelli hic prodierunt, quorum alter nullitates Synodi continet, alter necessariam expositionem canonum Roterdamensium complectitur. Sed quamvis studiosè inquisierim, exemplaria tamen nulla inveni. Rem meam, de qua prioribus scripseram, seduloque cum Rumpio ages. Vale. & me ama. Lugd. Bat. ad IV. Kal. August. Gregor. I. Heinsius incompactum Apostolii exemplar curandum tradidit, quod cum tasciculo commode includere haud potuerim, compactum illius loco mitto. Quod non moleste te laturum spero. Huswedelio & Lindenbrogio proxime scribam. EPISTOLA CCXXVI. GEVERHARTO ELMINHORSTIO S. D. Lucas Holsteinius. B Inas tuas recte mihi traditas scito, ad quas responsum diutius distuli, quod scribendi argumentum fere nullum habuerim, nisi tralatica ista, & quæ ultro in buccam venire solent. De Studita accuratius cum Meursio egi, sed nulla verborum vi persuadere potui, ut editionem ea lege atque omine luscipiat, quo Rev. Schottus ultro eam sibi depossit. Nec enim moris sibi fuisse dicit, ut angustiis temporum se circumscribi pateretur, multaque jam sub manibus esse, queis annus proximus edendis vix sufficere queat. Tum vero se Patri Schottò eam provinciam non invidere, sed hortaturum etiam rogaturumque, ut optimum auctorem curæ cordique habere velit, remque literariam, quam possit primum, tam immortali beneficio mactare. Res ipsius adhuc fluctuat, auditorium æque atque antea friget, ego tamen, ne quid mei causa detrimeni capere possit, frequens ad signa sum, quamvis invitus fere aurum operam ei locem, quod anatomicis prælectionibus eam horam subducere cogar. Certe tantum hic juventutis Belgicæ est fastidium, tanta literarum optimarum negligentia, ut ferme sportulis distributis ad lectiones audiendas ipsos induce- re oporteat. Cl. Heinsiùm de responso compellavi, ut & oratiuncula Theolo- gica, quam per Levium se missurum promisit. Illa neque edita est, neque non edita, sola enim viginti exemplaria impressa sunt, quæ interioris admis- sionis amicis communicat, a profano vulgo diligentissime servat atque ab- condit. Credo, ne Arminiani publico scripto eam examinent, quibus eam non admodum probari novit. Procopium intra biennium abhinc proximum vix dabit. Quid quæris? nil ornati, nil tumulti, & ut vere dicam, erit quantum video Martialis Scriverianus. Sed commodum de Scriverio tu quo- que monuisti: Ego quæ & tu mandasti, & quæ ipse intelligam Apulejo or- nando futura, diligentissime conquiram & ad te curabo. Scriptis ejus Plato- nicis
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Most clear and most learned. And weighing words on the tongue like leeks. This year there will be a great harvest of polemical writers, by whom both the Synod and the Acts of the Estates will be set before the whole world for examination and judgment. And now two dreadful pamphlets have appeared here, one of which contains the nullities of the Synod, the other contains the necessary exposition of the canons of Rotterdam. But although I have inquired diligently, I have found no copies. I will attend carefully to my own matter, about which I wrote before, and also to deal with Rumpius. Farewell, and love me. Leiden, on the fourth day before the Kalends of August, Gregorian. I. Heinsius handed over for revision an unbound copy of Apollonius, which, since I could not conveniently put it together with the little packet, I send instead bound. I hope you will not take it ill. I shall write soon to Huswedelius and Lindenbrogius. EPISTLE CCXXVI. TO GEVERHART ELMINHORST, GREETING. Lucas Holsteinius. Know that your letters were properly delivered to me, to which I have delayed replying for a longer time, because I had hardly any subject for writing, except for those commonplace matters and those that of themselves usually come to mind. I dealt more carefully with Meursius about the Studita, but by no force of words could I persuade him to undertake the edition on the terms and auspices on which the Reverend Schottus freely desired it for himself. For he says it has not been his custom to allow himself to be confined by the straits of time, and that he already has many things under hand, which the coming year can hardly suffice to have published. Then he says that he does not begrudge that task to Father Schottus, but will even urge and beg him to hold the excellent author dear and close to his care, and to reward the republic of letters as soon as he can with so immortal a benefit. His own situation is still unsettled, the audience is as cold as before, and yet I myself, lest anything should suffer loss on my account, am frequently at the posts, although I am almost unwillingly hiring out my gold and labor to it, since I am forced to take that hour away from anatomical lectures. Certainly there is here such disgust among the Belgian youth, such neglect of the best studies, that one must almost have recourse to distributing gratuities in order to bring them to the lectures. I have pressed the distinguished Heinsius about his reply, as well as about the little theological oration, which he promised to send through Levius. That has neither been published nor not published; for only twenty copies were printed, which he shares with friends admitted to the inner circle, while most diligently keeps and hides it from the profane crowd. I believe this is so that the Arminians may not examine it in a public writing, since he knows that it is not very well approved by them. He will scarcely produce Procopius within the next two years. What do you ask? Nothing elegant, nothing noisy, and, to speak truly, it will be, as far as I can see, Martial in the manner of Scriverius. But you happened to mention Scriverius as well: whatever you have assigned, and whatever I myself judge will be useful for adorning Apuleius, I shall search out most diligently and take care to send to you. About his Platonic writings
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 291 nicis hibernas aliquot noctes impendam, illud enim philosophandi genus semper cum studio medico conjungere decrevi. Cluveri Siciliam, cum aliis quæ remitti cupis, per mercatorem accipies. Vossius plurimum te diligit, & salutem amicissimam tibi adscribit. Vale, meque ama. EPISTOLA CCXXVII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Ioannes Christenius. Lubeam. Nescio quo fato acciderit, ut cum hactenus responsum ad te, quem me- rita observantia prosequi non desisto, parare volui, semper tamen ex transverso aliquid interveniret, quod institutum animi refrænaret. Exigebat scriptionem meam non solum officii ratio; sed etiam, cum non semel a tua humanitate literarum honore benigne admodum sim affectus. Si occupationes silentio prætexam, forte putidum videbitur illis, qui ignorant molestias, quas in hoc vitæ genere, quod aliis quietem spondere solet, interdum susti- neo. Eas omnes in præsentia recensere, nimis longum foret. Mense Julio præterito in Brabantia positi vidimus splendidissimam Antwerpiam, & in ea venerandum senem, optime de literis meritum, patrem Andreas Schottum, cujus benignitatem varie experti sumus. Lovanii salutavimus manes ter maximi Justi Lipsii, ejusque successorem Erycium Puteanum, virum ipsa huma- nitate blandiorem, cujus literas nuper humanissime ad me scriptas tanquam thesaurum ad servo. In Gallia post deditam Rupellam restranquillius ire nunc incipiunt. Inter dissidentes animos duorum Regum, Galliarum scilicet & Magnæ Britanniæ, reconciliationem promittunt; qua in re operosam operam navant Ordines. Venit nuper in potestatem Hollandorum classis Hispanica, quæ ex India Occidentali magnos thesauros Regi Hispaniarum advehebat. Na- ves Hollandiæ præda ingenti onustæ vi tempestatis in maridisjectæ sunt, adeo ut quædam a reliquis abstractæ inciderint in Duynkerkanos, cum quibus post- quam satis diu luctatæ erant, tandem Amstelrodamum pervenerunt. Reliquis quid accidere possit, adhuc incertum est. Finem hic facio, teque Cl. D. Kirchmanne, ex animo precor, ut me tui observantissimum perpetuo favore di- gnari velis. Vale feliciter cum omni familia. Dabam Lugduni Batavorum. 24. Nov. 1628. EPISTOLA CCXXVIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Ioannes Christenius. Lubeam. I Ami quartus est mensis Clarissime Domine, fautor ac amice honorande, ex quo relicto Belgio in Gallias feliciter appulimus: & cum initio adven- tus nostri non satis constiterit, quonam in loco sedem per aliquod tem- Oo 2 pus
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LETTERS OF MEN. 291 I will spend a few winter nights on it; for I have always determined to join that kind of philosophizing with medical study. You will receive Cluverius’s Sicily, along with the other things you wish to have sent back, through the merchant. Vossius loves you greatly, and sends you his most friendly greetings. Farewell, and love me. LETTER CCXXVII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Johannes Christenius. Lubeam. I know not by what fate it has happened that, though up to now I have wished to prepare an answer to you, whom I do not cease to pursue with deserved esteem, something has always nevertheless intervened from another quarter to check the resolve of my mind. The duty of my position demanded my letter-writing; and also because, more than once, I have been graciously favored by your kindness with the honor of letters. If I excuse myself on the ground of occupations, it may perhaps seem insipid to those who do not know the troubles which I sometimes endure in this manner of life, which is usually thought to promise others rest. To recount them all at present would be too long. In the past month of July, when we were in Brabant, we saw splendid Antwerp, and there that venerable old man, most deserving of letters, Father Andreas Schottus, whose kindness we experienced in various ways. At Louvain we greeted the shades of the thrice-great Justus Lipsius, and his successor Erycius Puteanus, a man made more engaging by his very humanity, whose letter written to me not long ago I preserve as a treasure. In France, after La Rochelle was surrendered, affairs are now beginning to be somewhat calmer. Between the differing minds of the two Kings, namely of France and Great Britain, they promise a reconciliation; in which matter the Estates are exerting laborious efforts. Recently a Spanish fleet, which was bringing great treasures from the West Indies to the King of Spain, fell into the power of the Dutch. Ships of Holland, loaded with enormous booty, were driven by a storm onto the shore, so that certain ones, separated from the rest, fell in with the men of Dunkirk; after struggling with them long enough, they at last reached Amsterdam. What may happen to the rest is still uncertain. I shall end here, and I earnestly pray you, most distinguished Sir Kirchmann, to wish to honor me with your unfailing favor, me who am ever most devoted to you. Farewell happily, with all your family. Written at Leiden in Holland. 24 Nov. 1628. LETTER CCXXVIII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Johannes Christenius. Lubeam. I, my most distinguished Sir, honored patron and friend, have now been in France for the fourth month since we happily arrived from the Netherlands; and since at the beginning of our arrival it was not yet sufficiently settled in what place we would establish ourselves for some time
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292 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. pus figeremus, obstiterunt officio scribendi hinc inde impedimenta, quibus diuturnum hoc silentium imputabis, mihique libenter ignosces. Parisiis positus non intermisi, affectare viam ad viros quosdam fama eruditionis per Eu- ropam celebres, præcipue ad Amplissimum Rigaltium, cujus viri summam humanitatem fruistra laudavero tibi, qui oculatus testis ante aliquot annos ipse- met eam es expertus, & adhuc memori mente recondis. Non minus gra- tum ipsi fuit, reduci in memoriam amicitiæ tecum olim Parisiis coeptæ cul- tæque: nec distantiam locorum obstare, quo minus is affectus, quo candi- da pectora ante longum tempus in amicitiam coaluerunt, conservetur, & in- terdum data occasione per mutua officia promineat. Jussit igitur, cum in præsentia alio pignore animum suum testari nequiret, de observantia sua, & constanti in amicitia studio Clarissimum Dn. Kirchmannum certiorem fa- cere. Circumduxit nos vir optimus per instructissimam & tanto Rege con- dignam bibliothecam; quam perlustrasse non minus lætum mihi fuit, quam si regiis epulis accumbere dignatus fuissem. Ea lætitia mirum in modum est adaucta, quod mihi contigit non videre solum, sed adire, idque sæpius diser- tissime loquentem virum maximum, virum sine exemplo, Hugonem Gro- tium, cujus nomen a tot annis summa observantia ante venerabar, & me- cum omnes, qui didicerunt in uno Grotio existare universa, quæ singu- la ad perfectam laudem singulis sufficerent. Quicquid est præclarum in uni- versa literatura, sacra & profana, ipse non perfunctorie, sed penitus novit. Præter linguarum etiam Orientalium exactam cognitionem, nulla est discipli- na sive superiorum sive inferiorum artium ac scientiarum, qua non vir ille non dicam leviter tinctus, sed penitus imbutus sit. Hoc demonstrant ipsius mellei, docti & prompti sermones, quide quavis re, quicquid etiam occur- rat, sine ulla hæsitatione disserunt exacte, & auditorem in admirationem ra- piunt. Si inter loquendum inquirere lubeat, quid rerum publice nunc ge- ratur in hoc vel alio orbe, ex ipso tanquam oraculo deprimas rerum omnium scitu dignarum cognitionem. Quicquid dixero, virtus ipsius superat, & oris mei infantia nunquam adsurget ad tanti Herois laudes condigne deprædicandas. Interim rapit me candidus adfectus ad contestandam devotionem, erga hunc talem, cujus ingenuus vultus, melleum os, eruditum pectus & suavissima comitas, hærebunt huic pectori infixa, Dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus bos reget artus. Gallia olim veræ eruditionis sedes ac theatrum habuit quam- plurimos, qui suo splendore orbem terrarum illustrarunt. Sed quemadmo- dum hodie fere ubivis locorum omnes bonæ artes in exilium agi videntur, sic etiam in hoc florentissimo regno admodum pauci supersunt, qui pristinam famam ac laudem sustineant. Pro Apolline Marcem, pro Minerva Bellonam jam amplectimur. Tanto impetu Barbaries jam ingruere videtur, ut pro- brum existiment, non dicam discere, sed amare tantum bonas literas. Ant- werpiam cum transiremus, incidi etiam in notitiam Francisci Swertii, viri ad elegantiam & urbanitatem facti. Edidit nuper opus, cui titulus Athenæ Bel-
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292 MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. Were it not that various obstacles, arising here and there and hindering the duty of writing, stood in the way, I should have written sooner; you will attribute this long silence to them, and kindly excuse me. While I was staying in Paris, I did not neglect to seek out certain men celebrated throughout Europe for their reputation in learning, especially the most distinguished Rigaltius; I should praise to you in vain the great humanity of that man, since you yourself, as an eyewitness some years ago, have experienced it, and still keep it stored in your memory. No less welcome to him was the recollection of the friendship once begun and cultivated with you in Paris: nor does distance of place stand in the way of preserving that affection by which noble hearts, long ago united into friendship, have grown together, and of sometimes showing it, when occasion is given, through mutual services. He therefore ordered that, since in the present circumstances he could not give proof of his mind by any other pledge, I should inform the most illustrious Mr. Kirchmann of his regard and steadfast devotion to friendship. That excellent man led us through his very well stocked library, worthy of so great a king; to have inspected it gave me no less pleasure than if I had been deemed worthy to sit at a royal banquet. That delight was wonderfully increased by the fact that I had the good fortune not only to see, but to approach, and indeed to converse more than once with, the greatest man, a man without equal, Hugo Grotius, whose name I had long revered with the highest respect, and along with me all those who have learned that in Grotius alone are gathered together all those qualities which, taken separately, would suffice in each to achieve perfect praise. Whatever is excellent in all literature, sacred and profane, he knows not superficially but thoroughly. Besides an exact knowledge of the Oriental languages, there is no branch of learning, whether among the higher or the lower arts and sciences, with which that man is not, I do not say merely slightly touched, but thoroughly imbued. This is shown by his mellifluous, learned, and ready speech, which on any subject, whatever may arise, discourses accurately without any hesitation, and carries the listener into admiration. If, while speaking, one should wish to inquire what is currently happening in public affairs in this or that part of the world, from him as from an oracle one draws knowledge of all matters worthy of being known. Whatever I may say, his virtue surpasses it, and the infancy of my speech will never rise to the task of praising as it ought the merits of so great a hero. Meanwhile a candid affection draws me on to declare my devotion to such a man, whose noble countenance, mellifluous speech, learned mind, and most charming courtesy will remain fixed in this heart: “While he remembers me, while breath shall guide these limbs.” France once had very many as the seat and theater of true learning, who by their splendor illuminated the whole world. But just as today almost everywhere all the liberal arts seem to be driven into exile, so also in this most flourishing kingdom there remain very few who maintain its former fame and glory. We now embrace Mars instead of Apollo, Bellona instead of Minerva. Such violence of barbarism now seems to be pressing in, that people think it a disgrace, I will not say to learn, but merely to love good letters. As we were passing through Antwerp, I also came into acquaintance with Franciscus Swertius, a man formed for elegance and urbanity. He recently published a work entitled Athenæ Bel-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 293 Belgica, in quo multa ad delectationem eruditi lectoris. Lites seu potius velitatiunculam habuit cum Cl. Pontano, qui cum nuper aliquid scripserit in laudes Amstelrodami, D. Swertius non per omnia assentum præbere voluit, adeoque laudibus istis publico scripto multum detraxit, cui respondit erudite D. Pontanus. Optimum senem P. Andreas Schottum iterato non inveni. Obiit enim ante aliquot menses cum maximo dolore illorum, quibus viri illius probitas, candor & propensissimus animus erga litteras nota fuere. **. Dabam Andegavi in Galliis xx. Iunii Iuliani 1515 1516 1517 1518. EPISTOLA CCXXIX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Georgius Calixtus. Lubecam. Clarissime & eruditissime vir, Domine & Amice honorande. Ex quo doctissimos tuos de Funere Romano libros videre datum est, quod adolescenti ante annos nisi fallor xxx contigit, amare equidem te coepi & colere. Dexteritatem eam judicii cum multiplici lectione conjunctam mirabar & exoiculabar. Occasionem autem ad te scribendi, nescio quomodo vel hactenus fortuna inviderit, vel ego e manibus elabi passus fuerim. Nunc in patria degenti necessitatem quodammodo imponit meus e proxima vicinia popularis, & a prima ætate amicus, cui filius scholæ vestræ alumnus, nomine Titus Christianus. Quis hominis in bonis literis profectus, me sane fugit: laudabilem esse & spero & opto. Parens autem studiis filii profuturum existimavit, si ea tibi paucis verbis commendarem. Quod veteri & officioso amico atque populari denegare neque volui neque debui. Nolui itaque te ignorare, rem mihi gratissimam fore, si adolescenti quo potes pacto commodes, & studia ejus tibi commendata habeas. Quod, qua es comitate, etiamsi tua sponte te facturum nullus dubitem, si tamen aliquid momenti hæ literæ addiderint, neque parens spe sua fraudabitur, nec ego parum tibi debebo. Præclare vero cum de parente tum de filio mereberis, si huic per te gratuito hospitio frui contingat. Ille enim, qui in re est non adeo lauta, sumtui ferendo par non erit, nisi ejusmodi aliquo subsidio sublevetur. Si cui a me vicissum in academia benefieri velis, tuum erit significare, meum ne voluntati tuæ desim operam dare. Vale Ficnsburgi, poltridie. Kal. Ianuarias, ineuntis anni 1515 1516 1517 1518, quem tibi felicem & faustum, nobisque omnibus salutarem & tantopere desideratæ pacis feracem exopto. Oo 3 EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 293 in Belgica, in which there is much for the delight of the learned reader. He had a quarrel, or rather a little dispute, with the distinguished Pontanus, who, having recently written something in praise of Amsterdam, did not wish D. Swertius to assent to it in all respects; and so he greatly detracted from those praises in a public writing, to which D. Pontanus answered learnedly. I did not again find the excellent old man P. Andreas Schottus. For he died some months ago, to the very great sorrow of those to whom the probity, candor, and most ready affection of that man toward letters were known. **. I wrote at Angers in France, the 20th of June, Julian calendar, 1515 1516 1517 1518. EPISTLE CCXXIX. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Georgius Calixtus. Lübeck. Most distinguished and most learned man, Sir and honored friend. Ever since your most learned books on the Roman Funeral were allowed to be seen by me, which, if I am not mistaken, happened to me as a young man some thirty years ago, I have indeed begun to love and esteem you. I admired and rejoiced in that skill of judgment joined with your wide reading. But the opportunity to write to you, I know not how, has either so far been denied by fortune, or I have allowed it to slip from my hands. Now, while you are residing in your native place, my fellow townsman from the neighboring district, and a friend from earliest youth, whose son, a pupil of your school, is named Titus Christianus, in a certain way imposes this necessity upon me. What progress the man has made in good letters has certainly escaped me: I both hope and wish that it is praiseworthy. But the father thought that he would benefit his son's studies if I commended them to you in a few words. This I neither wished nor ought to have denied to an old and obliging friend and fellow townsman. I therefore did not wish you to be unaware that it would be most pleasing to me if you would in whatever way you can assist the young man and keep his studies recommended to you. Which, since by your courtesy I do not doubt you would do of your own accord, if nevertheless these letters should add any weight, neither will the father be disappointed of his hope, nor shall I be under any small obligation to you. You will indeed deserve well of both father and son, if by your means this man may be able to enjoy free hospitality. For he, who is not so well provided in worldly means, will not be equal to bearing the expense unless he is helped by some such support. If you should wish to do me some return favor in the academy, it will be your part to let me know, so that I may not fail in what is due to your goodwill. Farewell at Fickensburg, the day after the Calends of January, at the beginning of the year 1515 1516 1517 1518, which I wish for you to be happy and fortunate, and for all of us salutary and fruitful in that peace so long desired. Oo 3 EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CCXXX. JANUS GEBHARDUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Lubecam. ANTE mensem, Vir Clarissime, per civem vestratem literas ad te misi D: Petro Finxio inscriptas, quas abs te recte Hamburgum curatas existimo. An eo nomine expensas feceris audiam & gratissimo animo debitum expungam. Cæterum si quæris quidagam heic, noris, me profunda torpere desidia, neque saltem muscas suppetere, quas confodiam: neque manum mihi esse eruditam, quî cucurbitas pingam. In absentis D. Zinzerlingi nostri ædibus veluti sepultus horas ac dies computo, ac reditum D. Hinzi ex Suecia fervidis votis voco; quem credo mea causa cum Illustribus Ordinibus auctoritate Zinzerlingi nostri transegisse. Tali tempore tam commodam repudiare spartam, summæ dementiæ esset, quandoquidem belli incendium omnes Germaniæ tractus pervagaturum esse videtur. Westphalia certe tota eo jam ardet, atque utinam ne in penitam Saxoniam exundet. Quo longius homines Septentrio removet, eo majora ac jucundiora acturi esse Halcedonia apparent, neque strepitum armorum, qui florentissimas Germaniæ oras excutit, exaudituri. Morsius noster competitorem mihi Segethum obducere cogitabat, sed quin destiturus sit, non ambigo. Doctiorem istum Scotum opinio hominum facit, quam re vera est: totque erroribus jactatus, ac jam Chymicis addictus pristinorum studiorum exiguum gerere fiduciam dicitur. In bibliotheca vestra instruenda, an opera Clem. Schleichii locupletissimi bibliopolæ usurus sis, avet animus audire. Eidem hercle ante aliquot dies studium meum in conciliando ipso tibi declaravi, simulque ut se erga te gratum præstaret ac commodum adhortatus sum. Excudit crepundiorum meorum lib. II. item animadversiones in Catullum, Tibullum, Propertium; quas si nondum vidisti, faxo ab ipso recipias amicitiæ nostræ contractæ tesseram. Literas has velim Procuratori Succico commendes. Vale. Rostochii 10. Decemb. 1622. EPISTOLA CCXXXI. JANUS GEBHARDUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Lubecam. ITTO ad te, optime virorum, literas propediem Hamburgum ad decursus publici Magistrum Joan. Jacobum Klynhausen dimittendas, quo ocyus Buckeborgum commigrent. Cæterum res heic mihi non succedit ex animi sententia. Quartum diem in publico diversorio commoratus, ne minima quidem adhuc fundamenta futuræ mansionis jeci. Neque socordia mea segnes & steriles moras agito. Sed amicorum securitas officii desiderio meo, qui turgente crumena læti non cogitant hominis exulis sacculum esse plenum aranca-
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Most Illustrious and Learned. Epistle CCXXX. Janus Gebhardus, greetings. To Ioannes Kirchmann. Lübeck. A month ago, most distinguished sir, through one of your fellow citizens I sent you a letter addressed to D. Peter Finxius, which I trust you duly forwarded to Hamburg from your side. If you incurred any expenses on that account, I shall hear of it and discharge the debt with the greatest gratitude. As for the rest, if you ask what I am doing here, know that I am languishing in deep idleness, and do not even have flies at hand to spear, nor a hand learned enough to paint gourds. In the house of our absent D. Zinzerling I count the hours and days as though buried, and with fervent prayers I summon the return of D. Hinz from Sweden; I believe that, on my account, with the authority of our Zinzerling, he has negotiated with the Illustrious Estates. At such a time, to reject so suitable a role would be the height of madness, since the fire of war seems likely to spread through all the regions of Germany. Westphalia indeed is already wholly ablaze with it, and would that it not overflow into far Saxony. The farther the North carries men away, the greater and more pleasant, as it seems, will be the things they do in Halcedonia, and they will not hear the clash of arms that shakes the fairest shores of Germany. Our Morsius was thinking of bringing me a rival in Segethus, but I do not doubt that he will desist. People make that Scot seem more learned than he really is: tossed about by so many errors, and now devoted to the Chymists, he is said to have little confidence remaining in his former studies. I am eager to hear whether you will use the services of Clem. Schleichius, the very wealthy bookseller, in setting up your library. By Hercules, a few days ago I expressed my own interest to him in promoting the matter for you, and at the same time urged him to show himself grateful and obliging toward you. He has published the second book of my little trifles, likewise my observations on Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius; if you have not yet seen them, I shall arrange for you to receive them as a token of our friendship formed. I should like you to commend this letter to the Swedish Procurator. Farewell. Rostock, 10 December 1622. Epistle CCXXXI. Janus Gebhardus, greetings. To Ioannes Kirchmann. Lübeck. I am sending you, most excellent of men, letters which are to be forwarded very soon to Hamburg to the Master of the public posting route, Joan. Jacobus Klynhausen, so that they may move to Bückeburg the sooner. As for me, matters here are not proceeding according to my wishes. Having stayed in a public inn for the fourth day, I have not yet laid even the smallest foundations for a future residence. Nor do I spend idle and barren delays through my own sloth. But the caution of friends, who when their purses are full do not think with pleasure that a man in exile's little bag is full of a spider-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 295 aranearum, & quicquid reliquæ animæ inest, cauponum seu stabulariorum scopisvehi. Quid porro ad te scribam non habeo. Vale, ac me ama. Rosto- chii 7. Novemb. 1622. EPISTOLA CCXXXII. JANUS GEBHARDUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Lubecam. Entis ambagibus, Vir Clarissime, literæ tuæ ad me devenerunt, quas demum ante triduum Gustrovio errantes D. Fabricius ad mandatos Lares reduxit: Ex iis autem singularem tuum erga me amorem benevolentiamque cognovi, de qua impetrata habeo multum, quod viæ meæ felicitati imputem, qua factum est, ut te ad solandas hujus exilii miseras repererim amicum vere ferentarium: cum alioquin non nemo infelicibus gradum notitiæ præcludat, suasque aures lamentis ac querelis indurari nolit. Sed sic agit nobiscum Deus optimus maximus, ut perpetuum adversorum textum aliqua hilaritudinis trama interpellet. Sunt & heic & in aula Gustroviensi boni viri, qui rationibus meis pro virili consultum eunt: verum iis auscultare nondum potui, donec liquidius abs te rerum Succicarum consilium repetivissem. Et profecto mire impedita res est. Ii, qui mihi hujus sponsæ antea conciliatores fuere; jam mihi non frivolis argumentis fastidium illius concitare ac dissidium suadere incipiunt. Præterquam enim quod sævissima pestilentia totum propemodum Regnum infestari atque vastari asserunt, neminem toleratum iri adjiciunt, qui vel minima Religionis a præceptis illi Regioni ceremoniis articulisque abhorreat. Capitale inde facile peregrino discrimen exoriri posse, tantisque advenas æmulationibus impeti, ut omnis emergendi via obturetur. Disputant quoque multa de Cæli horrore strictissimo, deque diætæ sævitate atque inmanitate tremenda fabulantur; quibus dictis non cerebrum, sed animum eo demigrandi mihi excusserunt. Longum foret hoc epistolio singula complecti; quorum si tantum aliqua secius se habent, per ego tæs jusque humanitatis oro atque obtestor, ne me celata habeas. Nam sic amicum novitium, sed qui constantia amoris atque observantia adversum te nulli veterum concedit, ab invitantibus periculis subducere potes, ac sine ulla tua jactura meliori sorti reservare. Honestissimæ quippe se mihi conditiones aperiunt vivendi cum Musis tranquille ac beate, quas utraque manu, si mihi Suecicam perfectionem dissuaseris, cogito vindicare. Porro Cl. Goldastus ante octiduum perscripsit ad me, sibi instructissimam suam bibliothecam venalem esse, quæritque ex me, num his in tractibus emptor tam liberalis supellectilis a me investigari possit. Illico rescripsi. S. P. Q. Lubecensem de adornanda libraria serio agitare, teque ad cam rem consiliarum esse unicum, cujus favore atque opera negotium quam rectissime confici queat. Dubio procul hac de causa te compellabit; ut auctor fias Senatoribus aversione lectissimorum librorum thesaurum auctionandi. Quam res ei cordi sit ex a
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LETTERS OF MEN. 295 spiders, and whatever remains of the soul, to be carried off by the sweepings of innkeepers or hostelers. As to what more I should write to you, I have nothing. Farewell, and love me. Rostock, Nov. 7, 1622. LETTER CCXXXII. JANUS GEBHARDUS sends greetings. To Ioannes Kirchmannus. Lübeck. Through winding ways, most distinguished Sir, your letters reached me, which only three days ago, while wandering about Güstrow, D. Fabricius brought back to their destined home. From them I learned your singular love and goodwill toward me, for which I have received much that I may ascribe to the happiness of my journey, by which it came about that I found you, to comfort the sorrows of this exile, a truly steadfast friend; whereas otherwise not a few deny the unhappy even the first step of acquaintance, and are unwilling to harden their ears against lamentations and complaints. But thus does God, best and greatest, deal with us, so that some thread of cheerfulness may interrupt the perpetual web of adversities. There are here too, and at the court of Güstrow, good men who, so far as lies in them, are attending to my affairs; yet I have not been able to listen to them until I had more clearly sought from you counsel concerning the affairs of Sweden. And indeed the matter is wonderfully entangled. Those who were formerly my advocates in this suit are now beginning, not with trivial arguments, to breed in me a distaste for it and to urge a separation. For besides their assertion that a most savage plague is ravaging and devastating almost the whole kingdom, they add that no one will be tolerated who in the least departs from the rites and articles of Religion prescribed for that region. Hence, they say, a capital danger can easily arise for a foreigner, and such emulations are directed against newcomers that every way of escape is blocked. They also discourse much about the severe cold of the sky, and tell dreadful tales about the cruelty and inhumanity of the diet; by these words they have shaken, not my reason, but my desire to move there. It would be long to include all the details in this letter; if any of these matters are otherwise, I beseech and implore you by all that is sacred and by human kindness not to keep them hidden from me. For thus you may draw away from inviting dangers a new friend, though one who in steadfastness of love and observance yields to no old one in regard for you, and reserve him for a better lot without any loss to yourself. Most honorable conditions of living quietly and happily with the Muses indeed open before me, which, if you shall have dissuaded me from Swedish perfection, I intend with both hands to secure. Moreover, the distinguished Goldastus wrote to me eight days ago that his well-stocked library is for sale, and he asks me whether in these regions a buyer of so liberal a collection may be found by me. I answered at once. That the Senate and People of Lübeck are seriously considering furnishing a library, and that you are the one counselor for this matter, through whose favor and work the business may be most rightly completed. No doubt he will address you on this account, so that you may become the authority to the Senators for auctioning the treasure of the choicest books. How much the matter lies close to his heart, from
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296 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. apos ejus ad me epistolæ cognosce. Vale. Rostochii 31. Ianuarii CICICXXIII. Salutat te hospes meus Dn. Husvedelius. Jussi resculas meas Hamburgo ad te deferri: velim pro illis solvas aurigæ, protinusque huc cures. Gratissimo animo quam celerrime vecturæ pretium remittam. Ibis Gru- teri nostri, junior Parcus, jam correctorem agit in typographeo Hanoviensi apud Aubrios. Carmen meum brevi cum Deo accipies; jam & occupato & non defæcato crum animo. EPISTOLA CCXXXIII. JANUS GEBHARDUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Lubeacam. M Ale tecum, Vir Cl. amicitiam coeptavi, si eam silendo tam cito abrum- pere cogitas; utpote cui non ignotum sit, tacitam concordiam instar odiorum esse. Ipse equidem scripsi atque in literis nostris opem & consilium tuum (quod utrumque in hoc Septentrione me deserit) fidentius imploravi. Si importunitas mea mereri castigationem videbatur: attamen hac atroce poena digna non est, ut omni favore tuo, re inter hæc tempora mihi preciosissima, caderem; præsertim cum necessitas multum excusationis apud æquissimas aures tuas mihi commodare potuisset. Quippe fere nullus in hisce plagis degit, qui elegantioris scientiæ scriptores curet, aut legat; multo minus in illos expensas faciat: aut etiam tanta sit humanitate tamque benigno genio, ut peregrinis hujus vel illius libri copiam ac gratiam facere velit. Idecirco ad te, mitissimum caput, preces tetenderam, ne profunda meliorum literarum oblivio animum demergeret, cæterorumque damnorum ægrimonia saucium gravius afflictaret. Nunc te de Seneca Tragædo Scriveri absolvo (Martialem ejusdem per manus H. Frobenii dudum recepisti cum magnis meis gratiis) quem industria Haller- fordi nostri ex Lipsiensibus nundinis habiturum me esse confido. De obser- vationibus Piccarti & Schioppii in Cornelium Nepotem, ab uno scholastico- rum tuorum exscribendis, denuo memoriam tuam verbero, ne propositi mei impetus nimia mora torpescat. Rutgersio animadversa ipse excerpo. Cæterum crebram apud te mentionem feci mearum in Æliani notarum: eas Francofurto sartas tectas redditas teneo, donec elimaro accuratius. Quod sierinon potest, nisi editionem Gesneri Tigurinam alicunde commovero. Ha- ctenus nec prece neque pretio a me pervestigari potuit. Denique omnia me studiorum adjumenta in hac humanitatis vastitate fugiunt, ut serio nisu totisque cogitationibus, sixam sedem munemque Patronum speculari mihi incumbat, qui me ad pristinos ausus ubertate congrua animet ac sustentet. Interea dum heic inopiæ expellendæ facultas interponitur, alibi commodum arbitran- dum eritdiverticulum. Qua in re vide ne mihi desis, ut beneficium debeam, aptissime enim mei desiderii ad Cl. Rutgersium mentione insertâ, ingentia mihi commoda sine expensis, sine detrimento rerum tuarum concitabis: quod & ipsemet
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296 CLARUS AND MOST LEARNED. Learn of his letter to me. Farewell. Rostock, January 31 1623. My guest, Mr. Husvedelius, sends you greetings. I have ordered my little things to be conveyed from Hamburg to you; I would ask that you pay the carter for them and have them brought here at once. With the greatest gratitude I shall return the cost of transport as quickly as possible. You will see our Gruter, the younger Parcus, who is already acting as corrector in the Hanover printing-house at the Aubrius. You will soon receive my poem, God willing; already with a busy and not yet fully composed mind. LETTER CCXXXIII. JANUS GEBHARDUS sends greetings. To Ioannes Kirchmann. In Lübeck. I have, Distinguished Sir, begun a friendship with you ill if you think to break it off so quickly by silence; as one to whom it is not unknown that silent concord is like hatred. For my part, I have written and in my letters have more confidently implored your help and advice, of which I am in this Northern region bereft in both respects. If my importunity seemed to deserve reproof, still it does not deserve so harsh a punishment that I should fall from all your favor in matters which at this time are most precious to me; especially since necessity could have furnished me with much excuse before your most just ears. For scarcely anyone lives in these parts who cares for or reads writers of more elegant learning; much less spends money on them; or is of such humanity and so kindly a disposition that he is willing to procure and grant copies of this or that book to strangers. Therefore I had stretched out my prayers to you, most gentle protector, lest the deep oblivion of better letters might sink my mind and the grief of other losses more grievously afflict one already wounded. Now I release you from Seneca the Tragedian by Scriverius (you have long since received Martial by the same hand through H. Frobenius, with my great thanks), which I hope our Hallerford will obtain for me from the Leipzig fair. I again jog your memory concerning the notes of Piccart and Schioppius on Cornelius Nepos, to be copied by one of your schoolboys, lest the momentum of my plan be dulled by too great delay. I myself am extracting the notes on Rutgers. Moreover, I have often mentioned to you my notes on Aelian; I keep them safely returned from Frankfurt until I can revise them more carefully. If this cannot be done except by obtaining the Zürich edition of Gesner from somewhere. Hitherto it has not been possible for me to secure it either by request or by payment. Finally, in this wilderness of learning all aids to study flee from me, so that by serious effort and with my whole mind I must strive to look for a fixed seat and worthy patron, who may encourage and support me with fitting abundance for my former undertakings. Meanwhile, while the means of expelling want are delayed here, elsewhere I shall have to think of a suitable refuge. In this matter see that you do not fail me, so that I may owe you a favor; for by most fittingly inserting a mention of my wish to the distinguished Rutgers, you will stir up for me great advantages without expense, without loss to your own affairs; which even I myself
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 297 ipsum & fervide urgebo, modo ex te constet, quam regionem, quam urbem iste Bataviæ splendor illuceat. Vale & mei rationem in cunctis talibus habe. Gustrovii 1623. 5. Octobr. EPISTOLA CCXXXIV. JANUS GEBHARDUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Lubecam. L Ongis ambagibus, seu lento potius gradu, literæ tuæ ad me pertigerunt, Vir Cl. quas abs te x. die Novemb. exaratas XVI II. die Decemb. demum vi- dere, atque in iis suavissimi affectus tui constantiam, avidius, quo serius, exosculari mihi contigit. In quibus tamen hoc unicum subacidulum accidebat, quod solicitudinem atque anxietatem, queis pro amore tuo mihi perpetim obti- nendo differor; suspicionem ac sinistram interpretationem videris appellare. Adcredas velim candori meo, nihil minus quam suspicionibus erga doctos ac bonos sum obnoxius: qui si interdum cauto verbo præcipitem affectum effun- do, vicissimque amici evoco, simplicitate magis quam suspicione delinquo. Sic ipse nunquam in amicitia sinistra suspicione adspergar, ut mihi nihil nisi omnia summa de benevolentia tua sim pollicitus, ex quo semel pectus tuum cruditione ac fide plenum sum veneratus. Ac talem persuasionem in cumulum confirmas & quasi obsignas mihi illa epistolæ parte, qua te apud amplissim. D. Rutgersium causæ meæ oratorem offers. Deus opt. max. coeptis adspiret, ut brevi ex erroribus atque opaco exilii certæ spei ac publicæ luci vindicatus, hu- manitati tuæ unice gratias agere queam. Æliani editio commode in hujusmodi momentum protracta videri posset, quo in lenioris spei auspiciis nomen meum potentiori Patrono eo monumento commendaretur. Nam recuperandi Pa- triam spem ne per somnium quidem mihi fingo, utpote haud ignarus Bethle- nicos tumultus Frederici consiliis imputari, eoque in altius Cæsaris odium esse incisum. Nec secius se res habet; renovato foedere artius duo isti Principes adstricti sunt, ut alter alterius commoda velut sua promoveat, intervenienti- bus Batavis & Venetis, quorum illi centena millia Joachimicorum; hi centena viginti millia Scutatorum in apparandum bellum erogarunt. Hinc futilitas sparsi ab Austriacis rumoris liquescit, dum omnibus persuadere affectant, Transilvanum Palatini Hungarici suadela ac promissis subactum in aliquot mensium inducias consensisse; copias Cæsarianas, quas velut corte conclusas inopia ac fer- ro internecare ipsi inproclivi fuerat, intactas atque incolumes dimisisse. Sci- licet ideo Gabriel ingenti exercitu ascendit, ut unum atque alterum oppidu- lum Ferdinando semper Augusto extorqueret; subitoque ad expostulationes mancipii Austriaci retrocederet. Magnam profecto tanto Principi injuriam laciunt, qui eum tam maccum esse divulgant. Ac Dresda affirmatur vanissi- mam esse omnem induciarum famam; contra vereor interceptas esse Cæsaris ad Palatinum Hung. literas, quibus injungit, ut quibuscunque possit condi- tio- Pp
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LETTERS OF MEN. 297 I shall urge it itself and earnestly, provided it is clear from you what region, what city that splendor of Batavia shines forth in. Farewell, and in all such matters keep me in mind. Gustrovii 1623. 5 Oct. LETTER CCXXXIV. JANUS GEBHARDUS. GREETING. To Ioannes Kirchmann. At Lübeck. Your letters, learned sir, reached me only after long detours, or rather at a slow pace; for though they were written by you on 10 November, it was only on the 18th of December that I at last had the pleasure of seeing them, and in them to kiss, with the greater eagerness the later it came, the constancy of your most gracious affection. There was, however, this one somewhat unpleasant point in them: that what I endure perpetually for the sake of your love, namely my anxiety and distress, you seemed to call suspicion and a sinister interpretation. I would have you believe in my candor: I am prone to nothing less than suspicions toward the learned and good; if at times I pour out a hasty feeling with a cautious word, and in return summon a friend, I err more through simplicity than through suspicion. Thus may I myself never be stained in friendship by a sinister suspicion, since I have promised myself nothing from your goodwill but all that is highest, ever since I first revered your heart as filled with learning and fidelity. And you confirm and, as it were, seal that persuasion for me with that part of the letter in which you offer yourself, with the most illustrious Mr. Rutgers, as advocate for my cause. May God, best and greatest, favor the undertaking, so that soon, rescued from my errors and from the dark exile to certain hope and public light, I may be able to give thanks solely to your kindness. The edition of Aelian could conveniently be postponed to such a moment, so that, under happier auspices of hope, my name might be recommended by that monument to a more powerful patron. For I do not even in dreams imagine any hope of recovering my country, since I am well aware that the Bohemian troubles are attributed to Frederick’s counsels, and that in consequence he has incurred Caesar’s hatred more deeply. Yet the matter stands thus: the treaty having been renewed, those two princes are bound more closely together, so that each promotes the other’s interests as if they were his own, with the intervention of the Dutch and Venetians, of whom the former have spent a hundred thousand Joachimics; the latter, a hundred and twenty thousand ducats, on preparing for war. Hence the emptiness of the rumor spread by the Austrians becomes clear, when they try to persuade everyone that the Transylvanian, overcome by the advice and promises of the Hungarian Palatine, agreed to an armistice of several months and let the Caesarian troops, which he had readily been able to destroy as if enclosed in a pen by hunger and by steel, go unharmed and intact. So then Gabriel advanced with a huge army, only to wrest one or another little town from Ferdinand, ever Augustus; and then to retreat all at once after the complaints of the Austrian dependent. They certainly do a great wrong to so great a prince who spread abroad that he is so foolish. And at Dresden it is asserted that the entire rumor of the armistice is utterly false; on the contrary, I fear that Caesar’s letters to the Hungarian Palatine have been intercepted, in which he orders that by whatever means he can condi- Pp
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298 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. tionibus ad Paschatos cum Transilvano inducias conflct. Deinde Berlino ad- jicitur, Baronis Dhonzi copias Silesias ab Hungaris juxta Troppavium occidione cæsas, ipsum ducem vix cum septem equitibus Lignicium manibus hostis elapsum fuisse; cæteros tribunos, ac centuriones, inter quos unus est sævitia atque intemperie in nostros nobilis Keraus, captos. Cruentæ hæ induciæ sunt; sed antiqua dissimulatarum adversitatum arte famam, qua sola Ferdinandi res hactenus steterunt, sartam tectam conservare adnituntur. Vale. Gustrovii. 26. Decemb. CIC. IXC. XXIII. EPISTOLA CCXXXV. JANUS GEBHARDUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Lubeacam. A dispersisti, V. Cl. aquam mihi perpetuo prope morere deficienti. Idcirco quod tam amabilem nuncium ipso hujus anni ingressu amico propinaris, & ægritudinem meam ad lætiores spes erexeris; qui benevolentiæ tuæ condignas gratias agam, tumens repenti gaudio animus jam non invenit. Cer- te, si fortuna solemne suum fecerit, aptiori ac meliori, quam amplissimo Dn. Rutgersio, fortunas meas commendare non potuisses, qui impenie bonarum literarum cultoribus favet, atque humanitate succurrendique offensis for- tuna promptitudine reliquarum virtutum, quæ eum ad tantam gloriam ac digni- tatem extulerunt, cinnum absolvit. Beatam lucem illam, qua literarum ejus fidere contingar, & ad salutis portum deducar. Sed nisi accuratè per mitiores homines ad me direxerit, qui est horum locorum tristis arrogantia atque incivilitas, tam facile intercident, quam ille mihi comitate sua voluit esse consultum. Pro munusculo annulorum tuorum immortales gratias ago; evolvam illum libellum sedulo, & quicquid ibidem est venustatis, doctrinæ, elegantiæ (ut sunt omnia plena inibi) avido pectore epotabo. De excerptis Schioppianis itidem memorem me & gratum fore noris. Verum cum tuas literas amitteres, meas XXVI. Decemb. exaratas nondum receperas? de Palatinatu quid scribam nisi luctuosa. Inter Iberum, Moguntinum, Bavarum divisus est, ejus pristino Domino vindicandi spes cunctæ occisæ. Nam Mansfeldi copiæ fame, morbis, transfugiis pene totæ evanuerunt. Reliquarium Brunovicentè inter- venientibus Dano, Oldenburgico, Ducis fratre, exauctoratum. Ipse Christianus, quo facilius præteritorum veniam ab Imperatore impetret, abdicatis partibus Batavis intra Danias se occulet. De Grutero nostro ne gry per longum tempus accepi. Facile anno climacterico poterit inter tot ægrimonias esse labefactatus. Si quid certi e Superiore Germania habuero, illico ad re[scri]biam. Vale. Gustrovii 31. Ian. cum tuas heri inter coenandum accepissem. Anno Christi CIC. IXC. XXIV. EPI-
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298 MOST FAMOUS AND LEARNED. ...with the Transylvanian, a truce was concluded for the Easter season. Then it is added from Berlin that the troops of Baron Dhonzi, the Silesians, were cut down by the Hungarians near Troppau, and that the duke himself, with scarcely seven horsemen, escaped into Liegnitz from the hands of the enemy; the rest, including the tribunes and centurions, among whom is that noble Kerauus, notorious for cruelty and excess toward our men, were captured. These are bloody truces; but by the ancient art of disguising hostilities they strive to preserve intact the reputation by which alone Ferdinand’s affairs have thus far been sustained. Farewell. Güstrow. 26 December 1623. LETTER CCXXXV. JANUS GEBHARDUS sends greetings to JOHN KIRCHMANN, at Lübeck. You have showered me, most learned sir, with water when I was already on the verge of death from thirst. Therefore, because at the very beginning of this year you have offered your friend so welcome a message, and have raised my spirits from illness to more cheerful hopes, I can no longer find words worthy of your kindness by which to give thanks, though my heart swells with sudden joy. Certainly, if fortune had made her usual practice of it, you could not have commended my affairs to anyone more suitable and better than the most excellent Mr. Rutgers, who is especially favorable to lovers of good letters, and who, by his humanity and readiness to assist those in distress, completes the circle of the other virtues that have raised him to such great glory and dignity. Happy is the day on which it may be granted me to trust my studies to him and be brought to the harbor of safety. But unless he sends them to me carefully by more gentle men, they will be so easily lost, since the harsh arrogance and uncivility of these regions are such that they will be as readily cut off as he wished to provide for me by his kindness. For your little gift of rings I give immortal thanks; I shall read through that little book diligently, and whatever beauty, learning, and elegance there is in it (for all things there are full of these) I shall drink in with eager mind. Likewise, know that I shall remember gratefully the excerpts from Schioppius. But when you lost your letters, had you not yet received mine written on 26 December? What shall I write about the Palatinate except lamentations? It has been divided between the Iberian, the Archbishop of Mainz, and the Bavarian, and all hope of restoring it to its former lord has been destroyed. For Mansfeld’s forces have almost entirely vanished through famine, disease, and desertions. The remnant with Brunswick has been dismissed through the intervention of the Dane, the Oldenburgian, the duke’s brother. Christian himself, in order more easily to obtain pardon from the Emperor for past actions, having abandoned the Dutch cause, is hiding within Denmark. Concerning our Gruter, I have heard not a word for a long time. In such a climacteric year he could easily be weakened amid so many troubles. If I learn anything certain from Upper Germany, I shall immediately write back. Farewell. Güstrow, 31 January, when yesterday, while dining, I had received your letter. In the year of Christ 1624. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 299 EPISTOLA CCXXXVI. JANUS GEBHARDUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Lubecam, Quas ante tres septimanas ad te præmiseram, malvidiæ quadam mira hodie mihi referuntur. Nolui tamen concerpere, ut tibi constet me neque in scribendo neque in affectu aliquid remittere. Amplissimus Dominus Rutgersius si interea non scripsit, facile tolero moram, ejusque occupationibus condono: sed si forte pro humanitate sua celeritate gratiam inire quæsivit, sine dubio ante ejus adfatus interciderunt, meque hiantem magna ob tantam jacturam ægritudine mactarunt. Sperandum tamen est fortuna eximii viri incolumes ejus literas ad me evasuras esse. Cæterum quod si transit, non desiste mei memoriam interferere, teque eum, quem hactenus præstitisti, perpetuare, vere paterno animo ultra hujus seculi perfidiam amicum. De novis Hungaricis nihil liquidu huc transmeat. Dispositi sunt observatores, qui omnia scripta curioserimentur; & jam aliquot in magnas difficultates incurrerant, quod veriora ad alios perscripserunt. Constat tamen, quo majorem in Hungariam militem Cæsarisit contracturus, eo omnia sibi difficiliora redditurum esse ob penu- riam commeatum, annonæ ac stipendiorum. Aliquot legiones jam tumultuantur, neque dicto ducibus suis sunt audientes, si contra populabundos Hun- garos ducendi sunt. Interim jam spe victoriam præceperant, & sunt qui Prin- cipatum Transilvanæ emercari a Cæsare velint. De Anglo jam mira, sed (si recte præsagio) vana jactantur. Nihil enim ab isto Rege exspectandum est, ni- si desinat apud superos morari. Non pudet neque piget istum Insulanum re- pulsæ, & iterum in occulto machinatur an Hispanum ad impetrandas nuptias possit qualibuscunque conditionibus delinire. Quod vero proceres Regni con- gregari passus sit, meræ præstigiæ sunt, nam sperat eos magnam pecunia- rum vim pro Frederico collaturos, in quam postea ipse involet atque disper- dat. Sed Ordines ei manum addent, Vale. Gustrovii 27. Febr. 1624. EPISTOLA CCXXXVII. JANUS GEBHARDUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Lubecam. Designare. V. Cl. incipit mihi Divina benignitas certam & (ut confido) tran- quillam studiorum sedem. Invitatus sum mitissimis Illustr. Dn. S. Kytteliteris in Suconas, salario (ut Legatus Regius aulicis nostris confirmavit) satis luculento, & quo Patriæ desiderium liceat mitigare. Religionis nomine nulla mihi difficultas ponitur (imo Dn. Cancellarius Academicus, gnarus Patriæ atque institutorum meorum, ne levissima quidem mentione hunc scrupulum tangit) nisi quod adigendus sum juramento in confessionem Augustanam. Quod quale Pp 2
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LETTERS OF MEN. 299 LETTER CCXXXVI. JANUS GEBHARDUS. S. D. To Ioannes Kirchmann. Lubeck, What I had sent on to you three weeks ago, I am told today of a certain strange piece of bad luck. I did not, however, wish to tear it up, so that it may be clear to you that I relax nothing either in writing or in affection. The most excellent Mr. Rutgers, if in the meantime he has not written, I easily endure the delay and excuse it on the grounds of his occupations; but if perhaps, out of his courtesy, he sought to win favor by haste, then without doubt his messages were intercepted before they reached me, and I, gaping at the great loss, was afflicted with grief. Yet it is to be hoped that the fortune of that distinguished man will see to it that his letters reach me safe and sound. Moreover, if this goes on, do not fail to interpose your remembrance of me, and to continue that friendship which you have hitherto shown, a friend with a truly fatherly heart beyond the perfidy of this age. As for news from Hungary, nothing certain comes over here. Watchers have been set in place who carefully examine all writings, and already some had fallen into great difficulties because they had written more truthfully to others. Yet it is agreed that the more soldiers Caesar will draw into Hungary, the more difficult he will make everything for himself because of the shortage of supplies, provisions, and pay. Some legions are already in uproar and do not obey their commanders if they are to be led against the marauding Hungarians. Meanwhile they had already anticipated victory in hope, and there are some who would like to purchase the Principality of Transylvania from Caesar. Strange things are now being spread about the Englishman, but, if I judge rightly, in vain. For nothing is to be expected from that King unless he cease lingering among the upper regions. That islander is neither ashamed nor embarrassed by defeat, and once again in secret he is scheming whether he can entice the Spaniard, by whatever conditions, into granting the marriage. But that he has allowed the nobles of the realm to assemble is mere deception; for he hopes that they will contribute a great sum of money for Frederick, into which he himself will afterward pounce and squander. But the Estates will help him along. Farewell. Güstrow, 27 Feb. 1624. LETTER CCXXXVII. JANUS GEBHARDUS. S. D. To Ioannes Kirchmann. Lubeck. To mark out. The Divine kindness is beginning to assign me a certain and, as I trust, tranquil seat of studies. I have been invited in the gentlest terms by the distinguished Mr. S. Kyttel to Suconae, with a salary, as the Royal Ambassador assured our people, quite handsome, and one by which I may be permitted to moderate my longing for my native land. On the score of religion no difficulty is placed in my way (indeed the Academic Chancellor, aware of my native country and my principles, does not touch upon this scruple even with the slightest mention), except that I am to be required to swear to the Augsburg Confession. What sort of a one Pp 2
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300 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. quale sit non ignoras, cum omnes nostri nihil tale unquam etiam in comitiis detrectarunt. Cæterum reditus nostri omnes consistunt in proventibus villa- rum & agrorum, ac quantum ego de cura familiari judicare possum, majore emolumento a me ipso tales fructus colligerentur; præsertim cum nobilium discipulorum ex toto Regno confluxus periculum novæ Academiæ facturus es- se videatur, & mea inter cæteros quoque opera ab ipsis desiderari possit. Por- ro institutionem illis domi meæ, victum vero alienæ impertiri est maximam laboris, ac minimam lucri partem capere. Accedit, quod ipse homo con- summata ætatis omni nisu affectem alieno me eximere arbitrio, & domi meæ Rex esse & culinæ modum dare, qui corpusculo compacto quidem, sed mul- tis ærumnis concusso sit convenientissimus. Quare non diu mihi differendum esse censeo, qui oculos atque aures amicorum ad arbitrandum mihi honestum matrimonium advocem. Hoc casu consultus omnium a me primo est opti- mus D. Zinzerlingus; sed protinus obtendit sibi alienigenæ de re Pharadina- rum puellarum minimum constare: idcirco tibi veterano & inquilino hone- stam hanc conciliaturam esse delegendam. Optionem talem non defugio vel aspernior, fretus purissima benevolentia tua. Itaque si quam probis moribus, honesta forma ac dotis nitidiusculæ corollario investigare poteris, quæ mea conditione uti, & blando ductu velit a foco suo trans campos Neptunios avel- li, operam tuam amicabilem interponas etiam atque etiam rogo. Vale. XXI. Febr. C13. IC. xxv. Gustrovi. Gruterum nostrum Groningæ docere (forte lo- co Ubbonis Emmi) mihi retulit D. Gryphius. EPISTOLA CCXXXVIII. JANUS GEBHARDUS. S. D. Ianus Gebhardus. Lubecam. M Ale literas tuas ad me, V. Cl. credidisti nescio cui Riebstaehio, qui Meas secum adhuc detinet, & contra humanitatem ac leges gentium moram fraudemque amicitiæ nostræ fructui interponit. Certe secus de isto existimare incipio, qui toties de alieno reddendo interpellatus, nihilominus contatur, & opinionem excitat, quod vel scripta tua abjecerit, vel malitiosa curiosita- te interverterit. Rectius cuivis aurigarum illud officium injunxisses. Pecu- niola a me transmissa, quin salva in manus tuas pervenerit, non dubito. Nunc alia in re consilio & opera tua opus est. Expetit nobilis & opulentus adolescens Holsatus operam meam, ut meo aliquot annis contubernio & institutione per Belgium, Angliam, Italian Galliamque ipsi frui liccat: sed exiguam moram ferendam petit, donec anno vertente prior præceptor rite demittatur. Ego qui assidua familiaritate nolim cuiquam suspicionem & sequiorum sermonum materiam præbere, quasi alterum supplantaverim: & jamdudum occasionem affectem subducendi me ac respirandi a continuis propemodum pergræcationi- bus, statui Lubecam prægredi, ibidemque ad Pentecostes me subsequuturum præ-
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300 Most illustrious and learned sir, you are not unaware what it is like, since all our people have never even in the assemblies refused anything of the kind. Moreover, all our revenues consist in the produce of our villas and fields, and, as far as I can judge concerning household management, such fruits would be gathered by me myself with greater profit; especially since the influx of noble students from the whole realm seems likely to create a danger for the new Academy, and my work among the rest may also perhaps be desired by them. Furthermore, to provide them instruction in my own house, but their sustenance in another’s, is to take the greatest part of the labor and the smallest part of the profit. In addition, as I myself am a man of mature age, I strive with all my might to free myself from another’s control, and to be king in my own house and set the bounds of the kitchen, which is most suitable for a body indeed compact, but shaken by many troubles. Wherefore I think it should not be long delayed that I summon the eyes and ears of my friends to judge and obtain for me a suitable marriage. In this matter, of all those consulted by me, D. Zinzerlingus was first the best; but he immediately objected that, being a foreigner, he knew very little about the affairs of the Pharadinae maidens: therefore that this honorable match-making business must be entrusted to you, an old hand and a resident. I do not avoid such an opportunity, nor would I spurn it, relying on your most pure goodwill. Therefore if you can discover any maiden of upright character, honorable appearance, and a rather neat little dowry, who is willing to share my condition and, led by gentle persuasion, to be drawn away from her hearth across the Neptunian fields, I beg you again and again to lend your friendly assistance. Farewell. 21 Feb. 13 C. 25 IC. at Gustrow. D. Gryphius reported to me that our Gruter is teaching at Groningen, perhaps in the place of Ubbo Emmius. EPISTLE CCXXXVIII. JANUS GEBHARDUS, GREETING. Janus Gebhardus. To Lübeck. You entrusted your letters to me, most learned sir, I know not to whom, a certain Riebstaehius, who still keeps mine with him, and contrary to humanity and the law of nations delays them and places fraud in the path of our friendship’s benefit. Indeed I am beginning to think worse of that man, who, though so often urged to return what is another’s, nonetheless holds out, and gives rise to the suspicion that he has either thrown away your writings or intercepted them out of malicious curiosity. You would have done better to assign that duty to any coachman. I have no doubt that the small sum I sent has safely reached your hands. Now in another matter your advice and help are needed. A noble and wealthy young man, a Holsatian, desires my services, so that he may enjoy for some years my companionship and instruction through Belgium, England, Italy, and France: but he asks for only a short delay, until, when the year has turned, his former tutor is properly discharged. Since I would not wish, by constant familiarity with anyone, to give rise to suspicion and material for unfavorable talk, as though I had displaced another: and since I have long desired an opportunity to withdraw myself and breathe again from almost continual travels, I have resolved to go on ahead to Lübeck, and there to await you after Pentecosts—
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 301 præstolari. Itaque si comitate tua mihi apud honestum hominem de victu & conclavi prospici posset; ubi sine strepitu & interpellatione incommodorum conventorum affectas quasdam lucubrationes elimarem, grandi me obligares beneficio. De solutione quominus quis dubitet, in antecessum argentum numerabo, de quo conveneris. Unam alteramque causam, cur heic non subsistam, percepisti; palmariam non te ccelabo, quod hanc hiemem tanto extraordinario sumptu sum defunctus, quantum tantisper Leidæ in omnium necessariorum erogationem non sustinuissem. Quid ad veris regressum futurum est, ubi aëris temperies atque amoenitas ad deambulationes aliaque vo- luptatum diverticula incontinentes invitat. Qui vero tali se consortio eximit, statim propter morum diversitatem odium habet. Sententiam tuam intra unam alteramque, si diutissime differas, septimanam quæso mihi perscribas: & si vel in tuis ædibus, vel apud alium moderatum ac probum virum vacuus locus mihi non dabitur, de publico stabulo ne cogitare quidem libet, in quo præter sordes & turbas pecuniæ quoque & temporis jactura, nec non animi tædium occurrent. Vale. Rostochii. a. d. xxiiii. Febr. c15. 13c. xxvi. EPISTOLA CCXXXIX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Ianus Gebhardus. Lubecam. D Iutius, quam putabas, aut etiam volebas, V. Cl. librum tuum detineo: non quod promissi mei sim oblitus: sed qui tibi tuto remitteretur, op- portunitas hactenus defuerit. Cur igitur, inquies, non restituis? quia fidei hujus pucri dissidebam, ne tædio ædes tuas adeundi forte abjiccret, aut vicariæ operæ alium alligaret, per quem liber inter ignotas manus strangularetur. Com- modior se offeret lator, per quem brevi, Deo volente, commentarios istos sartos tectos tibi redditum iri side mea confirma. Nonnunquam tamen eos hactenus inspexi, dum eandem Agricolæ vitam honestis aliquot adolescenti- bus privatim interpretor: &, ut verum fatear, materiæ abunde suggerunt, qua vel in annum hoc argumentum diducere queam; nisi me brevitas magis delectaret, & auditorum, quoquo modo ad exitum properantium, voluntas moveret. Ergo judicio me illis viris interdum compono, imo sæpius abeo, utpote qui non primum nunc antiquæ Historiæ ac Taciti penetralia saluto. Negotio Franekerano quid fit? quod fortassis exciderim, protelatio tale quid portendit. In hac quoque schola & Rhetoris & Græci interpretis partes va- cant: sed si vel ipse Quinctilianus vel Aristarchus forem, ob causam tibi haud incognitam repudiarer. Quare neminem etiam in istam spem ambio ac pren- so. Ad introspiciendas eorum voluntates, V. Cl. tralatitie meum ingenium, si opera est, commendes rogo; unde rescies, quam recte providerum apud lurdas aures bona verba non esse prodigenda. Vale. & non desine causam meam vel apud D. Schabel, vel D. Othonem Tank promovere. Rostochii a. d. V. Novemb. c15. 13c. xxvi. Pp 3 EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 301 to wait for. Therefore, if through your kindness I might be provided with lodgings and board at the house of an honorable man, where without noise and interruption from troublesome callers I could finish certain studies I have in hand, you would greatly oblige me. As for payment, lest anyone should doubt it, I shall in advance count out the money, according to what you shall agree upon. You have perceived one reason and another why I should not remain here; I will not conceal the chief one from you, namely, that I have spent this winter at so extraordinary an expense that for the time being I could not have met the outlay for all necessities at Leiden. What then will it be when I return, when the temperate and pleasant weather of the air invites one to walks and other diversions of pleasure, to which men cannot be insensible? And he who withdraws himself from such company immediately incurs hatred because of difference in manners. I beg you to write me your opinion within one week, or if you delay as long as possible, within two; and if there shall be no vacant place for me either in your house or with some other temperate and upright man, I do not even wish to think of a public inn, where besides dirt and confusion there will also be loss of money and time, not to mention weariness of mind. Farewell. Rostock, the 24th of February, 1615. 1626. EPISTOLA CCXXXIX. TO JOHN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Janus Gebhardus. To Lübeck. I have kept your book longer than you expected, or even wished, most learned sir; not because I have forgotten my promise, but because I have hitherto lacked the opportunity of sending it back safely to you. Why then, you will say, do you not return it? Because I distrusted the fidelity of this lad, lest through weariness of going to your house he might perhaps throw it aside, or take upon himself some other errand, by which the book might be strangled among unknown hands. A more convenient bearer will present himself, by whom, God willing, I shall confirm that these notes will shortly be restored to you whole and sound through my care. Yet I have examined them hitherto from time to time, while privately interpreting the same Life of Agricola to a few honorable young men; and, to tell the truth, they abundantly supply material with which I could prolong this subject for a whole year, were it not that brevity pleases me more, and the desire of my hearers, who are in one way or another hurrying toward the end, moves me. Thus I sometimes compare my judgment with those men, indeed I often depart from it, since I am not now for the first time greeting the innermost recesses of ancient history and of Tacitus. What is happening with the business at Franeker? What I may perhaps have omitted, this delay seems to portend. In that school too the posts of Rhetorician and Greek interpreter are vacant; but even if I were Quintilian himself or Aristarchus, for a reason not unknown to you I should be rejected. Therefore I do not seek or press anyone into that hope either. I beg you, if there is need, to commend my humble skill to inquire into their intentions; from which you will learn how rightly I foresaw that good words ought not to be squandered on deaf ears. Farewell, and do not cease to further my cause, whether with Mr. Schabel or Mr. Othon Tank. Rostock, the 5th of November, 1615. 1626. Pp 3 EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CCXL. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ianus Gobhardus. Lubacum. Evis est, V. Cl. jactura conditionis Cimbræ: siquidem ultra biennium Lutra hæredii septa perdurandum est, interea quasi in Cyclopis antroperpetua trepidatione vivendum fuisset. Vitæ necessitates quomodo privata industria expugnem videbo, donec commodior promotionis spes exoriatur. Sed nolstin quem proposito meo Laurembergi livor obicem oppingere conatus sit? Cum in Historicis & Politicis intercedere non posset, potestate mihi a D. Sturzio data ac literis confirmata, coepit collegas suos in me excitare, qui hominem nullius tituli prærogativa, dein in p[ræ]dictor exercitia Oratoria ac Poëtica in deminationem illorum instituere prohiberent. Esse porro periculum ne prætextu talium virus hæreticum animis tenuiorum tacite insinuetur. Pervici tamen opibus superiorum: quod si mihi in posterum negotium consciscere perrexerint, Principum auctoritate eos in silentium collocabo. In conventu Gustroviensi actum esse intelligo nihil aliud, nisi quod Principes palam Dani partes amplexi Provincialibus injunxerint, ut omnibus viribus amicum Regem juvarent. Nobilitas quidem reluctata est, sed præcipuos & Civitatum legatos in assensum traxerunt. Cornelii Nepotis editio jam dudum fortassis ab Hondio fuisset protrusa, nisi ipse inhibuissem; quia plurima subnata sunt, quibus priora expungerem. Si conditio vestro typographo placet, ex lituraaris meis cis paucas, Dei virtute, septimanas novam editionem instruxero. Laborem autem meum primo decem exemplaribus nitidiusculæ chartæ; dein honorario non pecunix, sed librorum, soletur volo, Nimium, nec quantum Schleichium, illum haud poscam. Si augustæ historiæ Scriptores sex cum commentariis Claudi Salmassi & Isaaci Calauboni Parisis in fol. & Philippi Cluveri Germaniam, decem exemplaribus Nepotis addere, te sponsore, non abhoret, jam primum mentem suam exponat, jube. Intellecta enim ejus sententia e vestigio me operi accingam, neque ipsi obstabo, quo minus nundinis Lipsiensibus auctumno conjunctis veniam possit exponere. Reduce meas chartas a Batavia non præstolabor; cum & illæ variæ sint interpolandæ. D. Schabelii affinis & nepos collegia (ut vocant) ad Tacitum, Oratorium, Epistolare, de Politica Romana quatuor, me præcunte, decurrerunt, neque ramenta plumbea sum factus propensior; quo pacto a sene dignum operæ precium civiliter exterebremus, consilium subjice. Vellem autem pecuniam in tuas manus devolvi, ut detraheres, queis jactura amissi libri aliæque pro me expensæ farcirentur. Vale. Rostochii ad. xxviii. Mart CIC. IIC. XXVII. EPI-
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Most illustrious and most learned, EPISTLE CCXL. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Janus Gobhardus. Lubec. It is grievous, illustrious sir, to be subjected to the condition of Cimbria: since for more than two years one must remain shut up within the boundaries of the Lutra inheritance, and meanwhile live, as it were, in the cave of Polyphemus, in perpetual anxiety. I shall see how I may by private industry overcome the necessities of life, until a more favorable prospect of advancement arises. But do you know what jealousy at Lauremberg tried to set as an obstacle to my purpose? Since it could not intervene in the Historical and Political lectures, with the authority given me by Mr. Sturzius and confirmed in writing, it began to stir up its colleagues against me, who would forbid a man of no titular prerogative from undertaking exercises in Oratory and Poetry to their detriment. And there is furthermore the danger that under cover of such things heretical poison may be quietly insinuated into the minds of the common people. Yet I prevailed by the support of my superiors; but if in future they continue to make trouble for me, I shall silence them by the authority of the princes. I understand that nothing else was done at the Gustrow assembly except that the princes openly embraced the Danish cause and enjoined the provincial estates to aid the friendly king with all their strength. The nobility indeed resisted, but they drew the leading representatives of the cities into agreement. The edition of Cornelius Nepos would perhaps long ago have been pushed forward by Hondius, had I not restrained him; because many things have since arisen by which I should expunge the earlier matter. If the arrangement pleases your printer, within a few weeks, by God’s help, I shall prepare a new edition from my sheets. But I want my labor compensated, first with ten copies on somewhat fine paper; then with payment not in money, but in books. More than that, and not as much as Schleichius, I shall not ask of him. If he does not object to adding, on your guarantee, to the ten copies of Nepos the six writers of the august history, with the commentaries of Claudius Salmasius and Isaac Casaubon, at Paris in folio, and Philipp Cluver’s Germany, let him first state his opinion. For once I know his view, I shall set to work immediately, and I shall not hinder him from being able to put it on sale at the Leipzig fair in the autumn. I shall not wait for my sheets to be returned from Batavia; for they too are of various kinds and need interpolation. Mr. Schabel’s brother-in-law and nephew have gone through the colleges (as they are called) for Tacitus, Oratory, Epistolary studies, and four on Roman Politics, with me as guide, and I have not become more inclined toward leaden scraps; in what way we may civilly wring a worthy reward for labor from the old man, suggest a plan. I would also like the money to be placed in your hands, so that you might deduct from it what would make up for the loss of the book and other expenses incurred on my behalf. Farewell. From Rostock, on the 28th of March 1627. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 303 EPISTOLA CCXLI. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ianus Gebhardus. Lubecum. Ille nobilis adolescens Hollatus, Cl. D. Kirchmanne, quem præterita æstate in Belgium deducere cogitabam, proximo Pentecoltes a me discessionem fecit, revocatus a Patre domum, ut, qui Musinoluit, veluti auguror, Hymenæo faciat. Itaque proprio succo mihi in posterum victitandum est, movendaque omnia, ut ventris saltem desiderio satisfiat. Hanc curam onerat ex inopinato alia: quippe frater meus xxi annorum adolescens communi calamitate huc ad me quoque ex Superiore Germania compulsus est, & argento quinque Joachimicorum, quod ex naufragio patrimonii superfuerat, nec non pallio in via a latronibus spoliatus. Jam mihi soli incumbit, suamque indigentiam a me sarciri posse sperat: quod ex facultatum mearum modo sincere præstiti, admovique cum mensæ (uti vocant) communi, donec lætior exoriatur occasio destituti adolescentis necessitates juvandi. Interim abs te peto, ut ambos Amplissimis viris Dn. D. Schabbell. & Dn. D. Tanckio de nota meliore commendes; & imprimis illi fortunæ meæ scævitatem exponas. Nam qua est in nostrum ordinem prochymia, & adversus me privatim prolixo affectu, non cunctabitur arctas res meas munusculo prosequi & solari: præsertim cum nepos illius Henricus & affinis Eberhardus, me præeunte, quatuor collegiorum vicibus non sine insigni emolumento per eloquentiæ & Rom. antiquitatis spatia decucurrerint. Procacitatis atque impudentiæ crimen necessitas nostra, nec non tanti viri æquitas sortis humanæ incertitudinem animo volutantis diluent, tuque ipse modestia tua, quicquid residuum erit suspicionis, purgabis. Nepotis editionem cordi sibi habent Batavi, urgentibus Vossio & Scriverio, & ut sibi acquirat majora, quam a vestro typographo exegi, pollicetur Clemens Schleichius. Verum hac æstate mihi non vacat ex literariis meis novam editionem extruere, circumstantibus me tot adolescentibus, quorum alii denuo eloquentiæ, alii in Græcarum literarum studiis cupiunt exercitari. Vale. Rostochii a. d. XXIII. Maji 1627. festinante Hofmanno nostro, cum alia de clade subsidii Pechmanniani & exusta Havelberga addere cæteroquin paratus essem. EPISTOLA CCXLII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ianus Gebhardus. Lubecum. Quartus jam lapsus est mensis, ex quo nullas abs te literas accepi, unde collegi, te vel morbo vel domestico luctu impeditum scribendi officio superesse nequisse; vel etiam sumptuum credio affectum nolle amplius literarum com-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 303 LETTER CCXLI. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Ianus Gebhardus. Lübeck. That noble young Hollander, most learned Kirchmann, whom I was planning to bring to Belgium last summer, left me at the last Pentecost, recalled home by his father, that, as I surmise, he may enter into marriage. So in future I must live on my own means, and arrange everything, so that at least the need of the stomach may be satisfied. This care is burdened by another, unexpectedly: for my brother, a youth of twenty-one years, has likewise been driven hither to me from Upper Germany by the common calamity, and has been stripped on the road by robbers of five Joachimics in silver, which had survived the shipwreck of his patrimony, as well as of his cloak. Now the burden falls on me alone, and he hopes that his need can be made good by me: which, according to the extent of my means, I have sincerely done, and I have admitted him, as they say, to the common table, until a happier occasion shall arise for helping the necessities of the destitute young man. Meanwhile I ask you to commend both of them to the most honorable men, Mr. D. Schabbell and Mr. D. Tanckius, in a better light; and above all to explain to that one the harshness of my fortune. For since there is among our order a certain friendly zeal, and privately also a lengthy affection toward me, he will not hesitate to support and comfort my straitened circumstances with a gift, especially when his nephew Heinrich and his kinsman Eberhard, under my guidance, have passed through four terms of college not without notable profit, through the range of eloquence and Roman antiquity. The charge of boldness and shamelessness our necessity, as well as the fairness of so great a man contemplating in his mind the uncertainty of human lot, will wipe away; and you yourself, by your modesty, will clear away whatever suspicion remains. The Dutch have the publication of my nephew much at heart, urged on by Vossius and Scriverius, and Clemens Schleichius promises that he will procure for himself greater things than I have demanded from your printer. But this summer I have no leisure, from my literary affairs, to prepare a new edition, since I am surrounded by so many young men, some of whom wish to be trained again in eloquence, others in the study of Greek letters. Farewell. Rostock, on the 23rd of May, 1627, our Hofmann hurrying me, although otherwise I was prepared to add something about the defeat of the Pechmannian aid and the burned Havelberg. LETTER CCXLII. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Ianus Gebhardus. Lübeck. Now the fourth month has passed since I received no letters from you, from which I have gathered that you have been unable to write, hindered either by illness or by domestic mourning; or perhaps, if burdened by expenses, you no longer wish to correspond with letters com-
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304 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. commercium ferere & causas expensarum fovere. Etsi minime ignorem sine nummis committi non posse ista literaria colloquia; tamen ni rationem vide- rem, qui tuto alioqui ad te meæ perferri possent, quicquid id est oneris, solus libenter sustierem. Tabellarii quidem patiuntur heic sibi satisfieri, sed ubi destinato loco pedem intulerunt, fidei & promissorum obliti commissas literas vel supprimunt, vel in duplum mercedem exigunt. Itaque si hoc te a scriben- do abstinet, in posterum quoque impensarum causas, quantum ad me attinet, imputabo, rariusque interpellabo quietem tuam. Nunc talis incidit causa, quæ si tibi tuo examini supponenda omnino fuisset, jacturam. 6. solidorum com- pendi facere potuisses. Sed, ut præfatus sum, est causa, in qua directione tua mihi opus. Leidæ vixisti, & absque dubio Claram Bronchorstiam Icti ce- lebris filiam, de fama, de dote, si non de facie, nosti. Illa cum mihi com- mendaretur de morum probitate & stata forma, adjicit proxeneta ille, numera- re eam in matrimonio ultra triginta millia Carolinorum. Quod si res ita se ha- beret, luculenta conditio utraque manu esset asserenda. Retuli hanc rem ad arbitrium D. Altingi, qui puellam quidem collaudat, de facultatibus sibi nihil constare adjecit. Non audeo nisi ad paucissimos & fidissimos tam horrible se- cretum cesserre; itaque cum eorum e numero sis, cum quibus perpetuo amici- tæ nexu teneri velim, quam primum, quicquid in ea re tibi cognitum fuerit, expone. Neque est quod metuas præjudicium meum; nondum inter nostra nomina fax orta est. De nuptiis cogitanti plane dotis ratio habenda est, & cum Groninganæ super omnes Belgicas fastu eleventur, illis missis, vel Amstero- damo vel Hamburgo vel Brematalis arcessenda est, quæ nulla nobilitatis opi- nione imbuta boni consulat mediocrem literati hominis conditionem. Ea est vesania nostratium puellarum, ut quæcunque in peculio vel dote computare potest mille vel bis mille Carolinos, fastiditis omnibus aliis nobis, vel Consu- laris familiæ nuptias illico arcanis cogitationibus agitet. Salmasii notas in Flo- rum quæso vide mihi compares: paro editionem Flori cum omnium doctorum virorum notis apud Maire in octavo, quam loco Salmasii, ubi exierit, repo- nam. Habeo quidem notas in octavo, sed desunt tria folia. Hæc raptim. Vale. Groningæ. 10. Novemb. 1628. EPISTOLA CCXLIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Ianus Gebhardus. Lubeacam. Omnes Academiæ nostræ turbæ, V. Cl. dudum poluere, quas non exci- tare adjuvant Lubecenses tui, sed in eas callide pertracti sunt a bipedum nequissimo quodam homuncione, cujus nomini parco; qui nefariis studiis Pro- fessores cum scholasticis collidere, & totam Academiam dissolvere injecerat curam. Detestantur impurum istud caput omnes intellecta sceleris magnitu- dine, imprimisque cives tui duplicis hominis artes exsecrantur; quandoqui- dem
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304 MOST CLEAR AND MOST LEARNED. to carry on correspondence and to support the expenses of letters. Although I am by no means unaware that such literary exchanges cannot be conducted without money, yet if I did not see a way by which they could safely be conveyed to you otherwise, whatever the burden may be, I would gladly bear it alone. Indeed, the messengers here are willing to be paid to their satisfaction, but once they have set foot in the appointed place, they forget fidelity and promises, and either suppress the letters entrusted to them or demand double the fee. Therefore, if this keeps you from writing, I shall also in future, so far as I am concerned, assign the cause to expenses, and shall interrupt your rest more rarely. Now there has arisen a matter of such a kind that, had it absolutely had to be submitted to your scrutiny, you might have saved 6 shillings of expense. But, as I said before, it is a matter in which I need your guidance. You have lived at Leiden, and no doubt you know by reputation, if not by appearance, Clarens Bronchorst, the daughter of the famous jurist. When she was recommended to me for the probity of her character and her settled appearance, that broker added that she was reckoned in marriage at more than thirty thousand Carolines. If the matter were so, such a splendid condition should be grasped with both hands. I referred this matter to the judgment of Mr. Alting, who indeed praises the girl, but added that he knew nothing about her means. I dare entrust so dreadful a secret to only a very few and very faithful friends; therefore, since you are among those number, and one with whom I would wish to be bound by a perpetual tie of friendship, I beg you to set forth as soon as possible whatever you know about the matter. Nor is there any reason for you to fear my prejudice; no spark has yet arisen between our names. For one thinking of marriage, the matter of the dowry must plainly be considered, and since the girls of Groningen, above all the other Dutch women, are puffed up with pride, if they are passed over, one must summon another from Amsterdam, or Hamburg, or Bremen, who, uninfluenced by any notion of nobility, will think well of the modest condition of a learned man. Such is the madness of our local girls, that whichever can count in her property or dowry a thousand or two thousand Carolines, despising all the rest of us, immediately begins to entertain in secret thoughts a marriage with a family of consular rank. Please compare for me Salmasius’ notes on Florus: I am preparing an edition of Florus, with the notes of all learned men, in octavo, at Maire’s, and when Salmasius’ edition appears, I shall place it there in its stead. I do indeed have the notes in octavo, but three leaves are missing. This in haste. Farewell. Groningen, 10 November 1628. EPISTLE CCXLIII. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S.D. Janus Gebhard. To Lübeck. All the troubles of our Academy, most learned sir, have long ago subsided, which your Lübeck friends do not help stir up, but have been cunningly drawn into by a most wicked little two-legged creature, whose name I spare; he had stirred up a plot to make Professors clash with the students, and to overthrow the whole Academy. All, upon understanding the magnitude of the crime, detest that filthy head, and especially your fellow citizens execrate the tricks of the double-faced man; since indeed
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 305 dem non tantum publica miscere, sed & inter Germanos lites ac simultates serere coeperat. Deus honestissimorum studiorum Præses, & virorum Mercurialium Tutanus cum debitis pænis istam tubam ac facem seditionis premet. De turbis in vicinia vestra magis indies gliscentibus non tutum est scribere. Speramus hoc anno notabilem omnium rerum conversionem. Coitus electorum Principum indictus Ratisbonæ dicitur Germaniæ pacem parturire, utinam pariat. Friderici exsulis legatis commeatus ac publica fides data: persuasum est Ecclesiasticis Principibus solidam & sinceram Germaniæ nunquam fore pacem, nisi aliquatenus Frederico ejusque hæredibus satisfiat. Præterea Hilpanus nullam pacem expectare poterit ab Britanno, nisi Sororis filiis rapta restituantur. Sed, si quid sapio, formidant Sueci opes ac fortunam; & quam levi momento pendeant ipsorum vires, in consilio habent. Apud nos de castris faciendis altum præter omnium exspectationem est silentium. Cornelium Nepotem tertiis curis a me climatum, atque illustratum prælo hac æstate subjecturum esse se recepit Elzevirius; qui quam primum exierit in vulgus, tibi inter primos mittetur. Parabimus postmodo alia. Quid ipse molaris, scire aveo. D. Vossius commentariis de lingua Latina imposuit ultimam manum, nisi moraretur typographus, habere lucubrationes cedro dignas jam fere possemus. Curtium & Tacitum jam adorno editioni, & fortasse, Deo adjutante, etiam Livium: nam meæ triennales in cum scriptorem collatæ operæ, hostium manibus elapsæ, ad quendam amicum devenerunt, qui jam a me investigatus sagacitate amicorum, pipulo flagitandus erit, ut aliena reddat. Quid de istis meis conatibus judicet Cl. Gruterus, non dissimulavit in præfatione ad Patavinum. Vale. Groningæ a. d. VII Maji. CID. IXC. XXX. EPISTOLA CCXLIV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Ianus Gebhardus. Lubeacam. EX longo tempore, V. Cl. nihil de te vel audio vel video. Literarum Ecommercium inter nos penitus videtur vel occupationibus tuis, vel viarum longinquitate sublatum. In me quantum est, conatus sum memoriam mei apud te suscitare scripto aliquo Panegyrico, quo lætitiam Academiæ nostræ super victoria Sueci ad Lipsiam ore meo promere coepi. Cætera mea studia & affectæ lucubrationes partim cura rei familiaris, partim contemptu & iniquitate seculi nostri pendent interruptæ. Nepos cum tertium interpolato a me spicilegio jam quartum annum inter manus avarissimorum typographorum jactatur atque exagitatur. Parum abest, ut melius de Curtio sperem, cujus a me insigni opera & cura recensiti atque exornati editionem Elzevirius de sementri in semestre differt, videlicet hujus moræ culpam D. Vossius imputat Heinsio, qui odio gentis Germanicæ retinet typographi ac sufflaminat propositum: putatque neminem vel sapere præter Flandros, vel scribere præter se. Qq quem
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LETTERS OF MEN. 305 ...was beginning not only to stir up public affairs, but also to sow lawsuits and quarrels among the Germans. May God, the Patron of the most honorable studies, and Tutanus, with fitting punishments, crush that trumpet and torch of sedition. To write about the disturbances in your neighborhood, which are increasing more and more every day, is not safe. We hope this year for a notable reversal in all things. The assembly of the Elector Princes, said to have been summoned at Regensburg, is said to be bringing forth peace for Germany; would that it may do so. Safe conduct and public faith have been granted to the envoys of the exiled Frederick; it is believed that the Ecclesiastical Princes will never have a firm and sincere peace in Germany unless some satisfaction is given to Frederick and his heirs. Moreover, the Spaniard will not be able to expect any peace from the Briton unless the children of the Sister are restored to him after their abduction. But, if I understand anything, the Swedes fear their power and fortune; and they are taking counsel about how lightly their strength hangs in the balance. Among us, concerning the making of camps, there is a deep silence beyond everyone’s expectation. Elzevir has promised that he will this summer send to press Cornelius Nepos, which I have in a third revision corrected and embellished for him; and as soon as it appears in public, it shall be sent to you among the first. We shall later prepare other things. What you yourself are planning, I am eager to know. D. Vossius has put the finishing touch to his commentaries on the Latin language; if the printer did not delay, we should now almost have meditations worthy of cedar. I am already preparing Curtius and Tacitus for publication, and perhaps, with God’s help, even Livy: for my three-year labor on that author, collated with my own copy, has fallen into the hands of enemies and been lost, and has come to a certain friend, who, now that I have tracked him down by the shrewdness of friends, will have to be hounded by the public so that he may return what is not his own. What the distinguished Gruter thinks of these efforts of mine, he did not conceal in the preface to the Patavinus. Farewell. Groningen, 7 May, 1630. EPISTLE CCXLIV. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. GREETINGS. Ianus Gebhardus. To Lübeck. FOR a long time now, most learned sir, I have neither heard from you nor seen you. All exchange of letters between us seems to have been cut off entirely, either by your occupations or by the great distance of the roads. As for me, I have tried to rekindle your memory of me by some panegyric writing, in which I began to express in my own words the joy of our Academy over the Swedish victory at Leipzig. The rest of my studies and intended writings have been interrupted, partly by concern for household affairs, partly by the contempt and injustice of our age. Nepos, with my third interpolated selection, has now for the fourth year been tossed about and harried in the hands of the most greedy printers. I am not far from hoping better things for Curtius, whose edition, revised and adorned by me with notable labor and care, Elzevir keeps putting off from half-year to half-year; indeed, D. Vossius lays the blame for this delay on Heinsius, who, out of hatred for the German nation, is holding back the printer and thwarting the project, and who thinks that no one can either understand except the Flemings, or write except himself. Qq whom
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. quem stolidæ tamen nostrorum hominum adulationes mirum quantum inflarunt. Non ultima discessus Vossiani ex Academia Leidensi causa fuit obtrctatio homuncionis, quem frequentiore semper auditorum stipatum corona tam apud majores, quam æquales variis calumniis infectatus est. Sed mittamus talia, illud ex ore D. Vossii affirmo, eum non nisi jejune de Germanis judicare & contemptum loqui, & in Joachimo Camerario non nisi pædagogicam agnoscere doctrinam. De te quid sentiat, alio tempore tibi aperiam. Ipse jam ultra biennium viduus perduro, oblectans tædium fracti matrimonii lepore scitissimæ filiolæ, quæ blæsulo ore multas mihi faciens delicias avertit animum de alia conditione cogitandi, ne forsan noverca imperiosior turbet tranquillitatem & festivitatem domesticam. Studiorum tamen & muneris mei ratio requirere videtur, ut rei familiaris cura transferatur in me & culinæ & aliorum compendiorum peritiorem. Vale. Groningæ. Cal. Sextil. C15. 13C. XXXII. Audio D. Zinzerlingum & paulo post D. Lindemannum affines his rebus valedixisse; & partium Cæsarianorum reliquos strenue emungi. EPISTOLA CCXLV. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Caspar Hofmannus. Lubeacam. Gratæ mihi fuerunt literæ tuæ, Vir Clarissime, & Amice observande. Non minus gratum fuit munus tuum , ut vetus habet verbum. Equidem Poëtæ nomen usurpavi nunquam, & vero hi Psalmi pene invito mihi e manibus exciderunt, longe aliud dedicatione illa spectanti, quam publicationem; & sunt alioqui a typographo misere deformati, ut me quidem correctionis pæniteat, quod spero, præstabunt boni, quibus plus otii ad talia: ego enim in Galeno totus sum, facturus quod hominem de schola pro schola facere æquum est, licet de eventu dubius plane sim: quod enim hic dicendum est, Aubrii, qui sarcinam hanc mihi imposuerunt, plane Punicæ fide mecum agunt. De vicino vero tuo D. Laurenbergio, quid sit? multa ille de societate nostra in Laurus sua Delphica, quæ mihi plane incomperta, quin talia, quæ fieri non posse putem; fortassis autem fient, vel propter Morsium, qui primus invulgavit, quantum scire licuit. De Epistola illa Scaligeri multum te diligo; sed quid causæ est, quod sententiam suam ne uno quidem unius auctoris loco confirmet? Ego incidi his diebus in Agonisticon Petri Fabri, opus, Jupiter! laboriosum & pene divinum; e quo non unum illi locum opposuerim. Cupio autem tuam quoque audire lententiam de Pede illo Pratorio. Atque ut amplior nobis colloquendi occasio, liceat mihi dissentire a te in antiquitate annulorum, medicis præbitorum; arcessis tu ab Augusto Imperatore, adeoque Antonio Musa, cubiculario ipsius Medico, ut hodie loquimur. Ego vero ab ipsa Asclepiadarum familia, cui decus hoc proprium fuitad annos 300, & quod excurrit. Quid enim sunt πλεγμάνος illa ois ei
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Most distinguished and most learned, whom nevertheless the foolish flattery of our countrymen has inflated beyond measure. Not the least cause of Vossius’s departure from the Academy of Leiden was the slander of that little man, who, always surrounded by a more numerous crowd of listeners, was attacked with various calumnies both by his superiors and by his peers. But let us set aside such matters; this much I affirm from the mouth of Dr. Vossius, that he judges the Germans only in a meager way and speaks contemptuously of them, and that in Joachim Camerarius he recognizes nothing but pedagogical learning. What he thinks of you, I shall reveal to you at another time. I myself have now remained a widower for more than two years, soothing the weariness of a broken marriage with the charm of my very clever little daughter, who, with her lisping mouth and the many delights she provides me, turns my mind away from thinking of another condition, lest perhaps a more imperious stepmother should disturb domestic peace and cheerfulness. Yet the needs of my studies and my office seem to require that the care of the household be transferred to someone more experienced than I in the kitchen and in other economies. Farewell. Groningen, the Calends of Sextilis, 1613. I hear that Dr. Zinzerling and shortly afterward Dr. Lindemann have taken leave of these matters; and that the remaining Caesarian party members are being vigorously squeezed out. EPISTLE CCXLV. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. GREETING. Caspar Hofmann. to Lübeck. Your letters were welcome to me, Most Illustrious Sir and esteemed friend. No less welcome was your gift, as the old saying goes. Indeed, I have never assumed the name of poet, and truly these Psalms almost slipped from my hands against my will, when I had in view something quite different in that dedication than publication; and besides, they have been miserably disfigured by the printer, so that I rather regret the correction, which, I hope, the good men will provide, those who have more leisure for such things. For I am wholly absorbed in Galen, and shall do what is fitting for one man of the school to make a man for the school, though I am quite doubtful of the outcome: for what is to be said here, those Aubrii who imposed this burden on me are dealing with me in downright Punic faithlessness. As for your neighbor Dr. Laurenberg, what is it? He says many things in his Delphic Laurel about our society, things entirely unknown to me, indeed things of such a sort that I think they could not happen; perhaps, however, they will happen, if only on account of Morsius, who first made them public, as far as it was permitted to know. About that letter of Scaliger, I am very fond of you; but what is the reason that he does not confirm his opinion with even a single passage from any one author? I have lately come upon Peter Faber’s Agonisticon, a work, by Jupiter, laborious and almost divine; from it I would cite against him not just one passage. I also wish to hear your opinion about that Pedes Pratorius. And that we may have a fuller opportunity of conversing, allow me to disagree with you concerning the antiquity of rings presented by physicians: you derive them from the Emperor Augustus, and indeed from Antonius Musa, his chamber physician, as we would say today. But I trace them back to the very family of the Asclepiadae, to whom this distinction belonged as their own for 300 years, and more. For what are those plegmenos things and those ei
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 307 o[mn]i lætio o[mn]i ægratio tuis dæculeus eviβαλον, apud Arist. lib.4. Pact. animat: 9. quam annuli? Non diffiteor esse difficultatem aliquam in applicatione similis, quo Philosophus utitur: tamen puto consistere potuisse in eo, quod annuli isti medici facti essent quasi ex multis bullulis, ad normam istorum, quos nostri Erbising appellitant. Considera, sodes, & scribe, quid sequi me velis. Cæterum pro dæculeus ηικη illa, quid reponam? si certus essem, gra- tas tibi fore lectiones nostras varias, mitterem profecto; ita autem loquor, quia ne ipsi mihi quidem jam placent. Bene vale, mi Kirchmanne, & pe- renna mihi in amore. Scribe 5. April. 1624. Altorfii. EPISTOLA CCXLVI. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Caspar Hofmannus. Lubecam. Miratus sum hactenus pertinax silentium tuum, mi Kirchmanne, nec satis exputare potui causam. Interim ea mihi visa fuit probabilior, hospites quosdam ingratos aspersisse nomini meo loliginis succum. At vero, si suffecit accusare, quis erit innocens? Contendam ego cum illis sub corrupto etiam judice, & vincam procul dubio, adeo non diffido bonitati causæ! sed sit ne- gotium hoc suo loco. Cl. Remum abiisse ad plures, jam procul dubio ab aliis habes. Nos cras etiam, si volet Deus, terræ mandabimus virum egre- gium, D. Petrum Saxonem, Holsatum, Mathematicum nostrum. Hei mi- hi, quam difficulter carebimus hoc viro publico bono! Ausim affirmare, Eu- ropam nostram huic similem non habere, in hoc, inquam, studii genere. Obiit autem ille marasmo, cum sectus esset alienissimo tempore (in fervori- bus canicularibus) ramex ipsius carnosus. Patavio e discipulis habeo, ob- iisse ibi quoque D D. Hadrianum Spigelium, Bruxellensem, Chirurgum & Anatomicum insignem, amicum olim meum & συμφοιτην carissimum; hac occasione. Filiam unicum collocarat Nobili Tarvisino cum dote amplissima. In convivio nuptiali dum colligit fractum vitrum, vulnerat nescio quem ex digitis sinistræ manus. Inflammationem concipit, non manus tantum tota, sed & integrum brachium: quin tumor sub ala se ostendit insignis. Hujus curatio cum ad integrum trimestre se extenderet, rupta tandem introrsum vo- mica, facit hominem mori empyematicum. Hei mihi, dico iterum, quam difficulter carebimus hoc viro publico bono! Sed ita est, optima quæque ra- pit pars pessima. - - Ego hactenus in Galeni editione Græco-Latina labora- vi, & perveni quidem ad finem superiori mense, Deus autem scit, quid sit futurum. Si Caselius suo scripto addidit textum etiam Græcum, quæso mitte. Faxo iterum habeas indemne. Interim pignoris loco habe tibi hæc nostra, & bene Vale. Scribe 16. Sept. 1625. Altorfii. Qq 2 EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 307 of every joy, of every sorrow, to your dæculeus eviβαλον, in Aristotle, book 4, Pact. animates: 9. what of the rings? I do not deny that there is some difficulty in applying the simile which the Philosopher uses; yet I think it may have been understood thus, that those medical rings were made, as it were, from many little bubbles, after the pattern of those which our people call Erbising. Consider it, if you please, and write what you wish me to follow. As for the word to be restored in place of dæculeus ηικη, what shall I put? If I were sure that my various readings would be welcome to you, I would certainly send them; but I speak thus because they no longer please even me myself. Farewell well, my dear Kirchmann, and may you continue always in my affection. Write from Altdorf, 5 April 1624. LETTER CCXLVI. TO JOANNES KIRCHMANN. S. D. Caspar Hofmann. To Lübeck. Thus far I have wondered at your stubborn silence, my dear Kirchmann, nor have I been able to make out the cause sufficiently. Meanwhile, this seemed to me the more probable explanation: that some ungrateful guests had blackened my name with squid-ink. But if accusation is enough, who will be innocent? I shall contend with them even under a corrupt judge, and I shall undoubtedly prevail, so little do I distrust the goodness of the cause! but let this matter stand in its place. You have no doubt already learned from others that the distinguished Rhemus has gone to join the majority. Tomorrow we too, if God wills, shall commit to the earth that excellent man, Dr. Peter Saxo, a Holsatian, our mathematician. Alas for me, how hard it will be to do without this man, so useful to the public good! I would dare to affirm that our Europe has none like him, I say, in this branch of study. He died, however, of marasmus, after he had had his fat hernia cut at a most unsuitable time (in the heats of the dog days). In Padua, from among my pupils, I have learned that there also died Dr. Hadrian Spigelius of Brussels, an eminent surgeon and anatomist, once my friend and most dear fellow-student; on this occasion: he had settled his only daughter with a nobleman of Treviso, with a very large dowry. At the wedding feast, while he was picking up a broken glass, he injured one of the fingers of his left hand, I know not which. He developed an inflammation, not only of the whole hand, but of the entire arm; indeed an enormous swelling appeared under the armpit. Since the treatment of this lasted a full quarter of a year, the abscess at last burst inward, and caused the man to die of empyema. Alas, I say again, how hard it will be to do without this man, so useful to the public good! But so it is: the best things are carried off by the worst part. I have thus far been working on the Greek-Latin edition of Galen, and indeed reached the end in the past month; but God knows what will happen. If Caselius has added the Greek text to his own work, I ask you to send it. I shall see to it that you again receive yours unharmed. Meanwhile, take this work of mine as a pledge, and farewell. Write from Altdorf, 16 September 1625. Qq 2 EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CCXLVII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Caspar Hofmannus. Lubecam. Multum te amo, mi Kirchmanne, qui tam facile venisti in vota mea, impri- mentur propediem typis, ut loqui solemus, & redibunt ad te cum gratia- rum actione. Quæ ipsa ut abundantior sit, quæso te, fac id quoque, quod Cl. Dn. Meibomium rogavi, scribe aliquot versus in Galenum quoque. Celebrasti tu quidem in hac ipsa elegia labores meos: verum ego desidero peculiare quid, quod cum ipso Galeni volumine exeat. Adde, si placet, verbum unum de loco illo Aristotelis, quem in postremis meis produxi, e quo evincere vole- bam, jus aureorum annulorum, quod penes Medicos, longe vetustius esse, quam ut ad Augusti benevolentiam referri possit. Quid? Cum familia Ascle- piadea, in cujus unius possessione ultra tria sæcula fuit Medicina, ad Hercu- lem referrent genus suum: cui non sit verisimile, Dis genitis hoc licuisse? Quæris, qui supersint ex Professoribus priscis? Ego, qui anno 1607 in A- cademiam veni, supra me habeo Virtungum solum, sed qui ipse jam in ex- tremis est, asthmate cum orthopæa subinde excruciatus. Reliqui omnes abierunt, & quidem plerique, ut nec nominis vestigium supersit. De Pic- carto quid dicam, aut non dicam? Cum liberos utriusque sexus decem, ni fallor, haberet, masculorum quidem nullus venit ad frugem: fæminæ au- tem variæ dispersæ sunt. Ex reliquorum liberis fere soli Rittershusiani sunt in pretio. Filiorum enim natu majorum duo sunt J. U. D. & inter hos D. Nicolaus collega meus est, qui meditatur ad te literas. Tertiusin Can- cellaria Norica est. Filiæ duæ bene elocatæ sunt. Ubi occasionem habue- ro, mittam syllabum lectionum hoc anno scriptum, e quo discas licet nomina singulorum. Quin illud inprimis, flore pene solam Academiam nostram, reliquis aut dirutis plane, aut graviter afflictis. Quamobrem, si vultis, po- testis ad nos colonias emittere. Habemus enim pacem cum Imp. nostro, de quo certa nobis spes est futuræ pacis universalis. Deus Opt. Max. qui Germaniam per tot annos acerbe castigavit, det illi (Imp.) homines pruden- tes & fidos, quorum ope efficiat, quod vult. Tu bene Vale, mi Kirchman- ne, & bene age: scribo 20 Maji 1637. Altorfi. EPISTOLA CCXLVIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Lubecam. Stephanus Iohannis Stephanius. Diffusæ eruditionis tuæ fama, quam divinis ingenii monumentis hactenus in lucem editis tibi parasti, magnam certe mihi ad te scribendi cupidi- tatem injecit: sed ab instituto hoc meo nescio quæ verecundia subinde me re- traxit,
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Most Learned and Most Illustrious. EPISTLE CCXLVII. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Caspar Hofmann. Lübeck. I love you greatly, my Kirchmann, who so readily came into my wishes; it will soon, as we say, be printed, and they will return to you together with an expression of thanks. And in order that this gratitude may be the fuller, I ask you to do this too, what I asked of the distinguished Mr. Meibomius: write a few verses also on Galen. Indeed, in this very elegy you have celebrated my labors; but I desire something special, which may go forth together with the volume of Galen itself. Add, if you please, one word about that passage of Aristotle, which I brought forward in my last letter, from which I wanted to prove that the right to golden rings, which belongs to physicians, is far older than that it can be referred to the favor of Augustus. What then? Since the family of the Asclepiads, in whose sole possession medicine remained for more than three centuries, traced their lineage to Hercules: to whom would it not seem credible that this was granted to those born of the gods? You ask who still survives from the earlier professors? I, who came to the Academy in the year 1607, have above me only Virtung, but he himself is already at the end, often tormented by asthma with orthopnea. All the rest have passed away, and indeed most of them so that not even a trace of the name remains. What shall I say of Piccart, or shall I say nothing? Since, if I am not mistaken, he had ten children of both sexes, none of the sons came to anything; the daughters, however, are scattered in various places. From the children of the others, almost only the Rittershusian family is held in esteem. For of the elder sons, two are Doctors of Laws, and among these Dr. Nicolaus is my colleague, who is thinking of writing to you. A third is in the Nuremberg Chancellery. Two daughters have been well married. When I have the opportunity, I shall send the syllabus of lectures written for this year, from which you may learn the names of each individual. Indeed, especially that our academy alone almost flourishes, while the others are either completely ruined or gravely afflicted. For this reason, if you wish, you may send colonies to us. For we have peace with our Emperor, from which we have a sure hope of future universal peace. May God, the Best and Greatest, who has harshly chastised Germany for so many years, grant him (the Emperor) prudent and faithful men, by whose aid he may accomplish what he wishes. Farewell well, my Kirchmann, and prosper well: written 20 May 1637, at Altdorf. EPISTLE CCXLVIII. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Lübeck. Stephanus Iohannis Stephanius. The fame of your widespread learning, which you have hitherto secured for yourself by the divine monuments of genius published into the light, has certainly stirred in me a great desire to write to you; but from this intention of mine some sort of reluctance kept drawing me back,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 309 traxit, præsertim quod subvererer, ne illiteratis literis meis ingentem tibi molestiam exhiberem. Cum vero honestus ille ardor glisceret indies, animum- que meum novo semper desiderii æstu inflammaret; satius duxi frontem semel deponere, quam diuturna mora irrequietæ mentis impetum sistere ac coër- cere. Hac itaque tam opportuna occasione emergente, non potui, quin rudi hocce & impolito alloquio te compellarem, aditumque mihi ad amicitiam tuam conciliarem; in quam me spero te recepturum, modo non sis alienus ab humanitate illa, quæ proprium solet esse doctorum virorum bonum & orna- mentum. Sed ne longiori circuitu tempora tua morer, caput Scriptionis hujus paucis verbis proponam. Nempe ante aliquot annos animum induxi Notis uberioribus florentissimum rerum Danicarum Scriptorum Saxonem Grammaticum illustrare. Verum cum multa habeat vocabula ex medii ævi scriptoribus desumpta, quæ in vulgaribus Lexicis non occurrunt: omni- no necesse est, ut auctores ejusmodi prius diligenter evolvam, quam in Saxonis emendatione progredi possim. Inprimis lexicon quoddam Papiæ de- sidero, quem vocabulistam vocant; cujus mentionem quoque facit Matthias Martinius in Catalogo Auctorum, quos crebrius in Lexico suo ad testimo- nium vocat, & impressum ait Venetiis Anno Christi MCCCCVI. Omnibus igitur abs te precibus contendo, ut si Papias iste, vel tua in Bibliotheca extet, eum ad tempus mecum communicare digneris, aut si ullo pretio venalem alicubi nancisci poteris, meo nomino emas, & quamprimum per internun- cium fide dignum ad me transmittas. Feceris mihi hac in parte rem longe gratissimam, quam nullo non officiorum genere & grati animi benevolentia vicissim demereri conabor. Mitto in præsens specimen quoddam Notarum in Saxonem, quas hunc in finem edidi, ut diligentiam typographorum in nova Saxonis editione procudenda excitarem. Sed frustra fui. His adjunxi Oratiun- culam meam; in quam sphalmata, quæ irrepserunt, ipse corrigas rogo. Bene & feliciter Vale, Vir Præstantissime, & me ama, qui te æternum. Sorræ. a. d. xiv. Novembris c13 13c xxxiii. EPISTOLA CCXLIX. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Lubeacam. Stephanus Iohannis Stephanius. Clarissime Vir, Amice exoptatissime, non solum literæ me tuæ incredi- bili voluptate perfuderunt, utpote quibus a tanto viro scriptis nihil ju- cundius accidere potuit: verum magna cum delectatione illam epistolæ tuæ partem legi, qua penes te esse significasti manuscriptam historiam cujusdam Theodorici Monachi, qui vitam quorundam Regum Norvegensium breviter descripsit. Ejus ut editionem, quantum in te, matures, serio hortor; imo totius patriæ nomine obsecro atque obtestor. Ingenti etenim beneficio eam tibi devincies, edito tam præclaro antiquitatis monumento, quo nos tot an- norum Qq 3
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LETTERS OF MEN. 309 drew me on, especially because I feared that I might cause you great annoyance with my illiterate letters. But when that honorable zeal grew day by day, and kept inflaming my mind ever anew with the heat of desire, I judged it better to lay aside reserve once for all than by a long delay to check and restrain the impulse of an unquiet mind. Since therefore this so fitting occasion has presented itself, I could not but address you with this rough and unpolished greeting, and seek for myself an entrance to your friendship; into which I hope you will receive me, provided you are not estranged from that courtesy which is wont to be the proper good and ornament of learned men. But lest I detain your time by a longer circuit, I shall state the main point of this letter in a few words. Namely, some years ago I resolved to illustrate with fuller notes the exceedingly distinguished Saxo Grammaticus, writer of Danish affairs. But since he has many words taken from writers of the Middle Ages, which do not occur in ordinary lexicons, it is altogether necessary that I should first carefully peruse authors of that kind before I can proceed in correcting Saxo. Above all I desire a certain lexicon of Papias, whom they call a vocabularist; of whom Matthias Martinius also makes mention in the Catalogue of Authors whom he more frequently cites in his Lexicon as authorities, and says that it was printed at Venice in the year of Christ 1406. I therefore most earnestly beg you, if that Papias is in your library, or if it exists there, kindly to lend it to me for a time; or, if you can obtain it somewhere for sale at any price, buy it in my name and send it to me as soon as possible through a trustworthy messenger. You will do me a most agreeable service in this matter, which I shall endeavor to repay in every kind of service and with the benevolence of a grateful heart. For the present I send a certain sample of notes on Saxo, which I published for this purpose, namely to stir the diligence of printers in bringing out a new edition of Saxo. But I was in vain. To these I have added my little Oration, in which I beg you yourself to correct the errors that have crept in. Farewell well and happily, most excellent sir, and love me, who am yours forever. Sorø, on the 14th day of November 1633. LETTER CCXLIX. TO JOHANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Lübeck. Stephanus Iohannis Stephanius. Most illustrious sir, most desired friend, not only did your letters flood me with incredible delight, since nothing more pleasant could have happened than writings from so great a man; but with great pleasure I read that part of your letter in which you signified that you had in your possession the manuscript history of a certain monk Theodoric, who briefly described the lives of certain kings of Norway. I seriously urge you to hasten its publication as much as lies in your power; indeed, I beseech and implore you in the name of the whole fatherland. For you will bind it to you by an immense benefit if you publish so distinguished a monument of antiquity, by which we so many years... Qq 3
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310 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. norum interjectu nescio quæ fatorum invidia fraudari sustinuit. Et ut ad conatus tuos acriores veluti faces subdam, repræsento hic tibi Chronicon illud Norvegiæ a M. Johanne Martini Slangerupensi publicatum; cujus tibi copiam fieri petis. Nullus ambigo, quin instituto tuo magnopere inservire queat. Sed ne nescias, ante biennium Chronicon Norvegiæ luculentius in lucem edidit Cl. Vir, D. Olaus Wormius, Medicinæ in Regia Academia Hafniensi Professor eminentissimus: quod si ad manum nunc fuisset, lubens transmisissem. Ego jam totus sum in novâ Saxonis nostri editione procudenda: & nisi si aliæ me occupationes a grato & jucundo hocce labore transversum abripuissent, jamdudum ultimam manum recepisset. Tu si quid habeas, quo propositum meum juvare poteris, communices rogo. De Papia quod omnis spes decollaverit, male me habet. Vix etenim alibi tantum vocabulorum rariorum copiam invenire licebit. Exemplar colloquiorum, quæ jussu Magnifici Dni Cancellarii Christiani Frisii adornavi, una mitto: enixe contendens, ut tuum de illis judicium benevole mihi aperias. Plura scribere præceps Bartoldi Hintzii abitus non permisit. Dn. Georgium Pauli juxta ac Gerardum Meierum verbis officiosissimis ut resalutes velim. Vale. Dabam Sora, Idibus Iulii. C13. 13c. XXXIV. EPISTOLA CCL JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S.D. Stephanus Iohannis Stephanius. Lubocam. Clarissime D. Kirchmanne, amice fidelissima gratia conjunctissime, communicavit mecum nuper amicorum quidam binos manuscriptos tractatus: quorum alter Anonymi erat de itinere a Danis nonnullis Hierosolymam suscepto; cujus initium tale: Incipit Epistola sequentis operis. Reverendo & diligendo Domino C. Frater X. Canonicus debitam in omnibus obedientiam! Multum mihi fateor contulit ad vestri notitiam pervenisse etc. Incipit prologus: Superfluum reor novarum rerum eventus inculto sermone depingere. Continet xxvII. capita. Et cap. v. occurrit vox illa Barbara Gemobodia, de qua te antea me consuluisse memini. Et cap. XI. ubi de civitate Bergensi, & seditione ibi facta per Danos, agit, Sanctæ Sunniva & piscium Screits mentionem facit. cap. xvi. Proverbium extat antiquum Norvegicum: Bibande bijr eigo, en brader and' rod'r. Et cap. xix. Fastr er a foldo foer. Alter vero Codex complectitur Historiam Theodorici Monachi de antiquitate Regum Norvegiensium, quæ sic incipit: Domino & Patri suo Reverendissimo, Augustino, Nidrosiensi Archiepiscopo, Theodoricus, humilis peccator, debitæ servitutis subjectionem & orationum suffragia. Operæ pretium duxi Vir Illustrissime, pauca hac de Antiquitate Regum Norvegiensium breviter annotare, &c. Absolvitur Capitibus xxxiv. Cap. 1. de Haraldo pulchre
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310 Most illustrious and most learned . ...in the interval of years, he was forced to endure being deprived by some envious twist of fate I know not what. And to add fuel, as it were, to your more eager efforts, I here present to you that Chronicle of Norway published by Master Johannes Martini Slangerupensis, a copy of which you ask to be sent to you. I do not doubt at all that it can greatly serve your undertaking. But lest you should not know, two years ago the distinguished man, Dr. Olaus Wormius, most eminent Professor of Medicine in the Royal Academy of Copenhagen, brought to light a more elegant edition of the Chronicle of Norway; if that had now been at hand, I would gladly have sent it on. I am now wholly occupied in bringing out our Saxo in a new edition; and unless other occupations had diverted me from this agreeable and delightful labor, it would already have received its finishing touch. If you have anything by which you can help my undertaking, I ask that you share it. As for Papia, that all hope has vanished, it troubles me greatly. For scarcely anywhere else will it be possible to find so great a supply of rare words. I am also sending a copy of the dialogues which I prepared at the command of the Magnificent Lord Chancellor Christian Frisii: I earnestly request that you kindly let me know your judgment of them. Bartold Hintzius' sudden departure did not allow me to write more. I should like you to greet Lord Georgius Pauli and Gerardus Meier with the most respectful words from me as well. Farewell. Given at Sorø, on the Ides of July. C13. 13c. XXXIV. Epistle 250 To Johann Kirchmann. Greetings. Stephanus Iohannis Stephanius. Lübeck. Most illustrious Mr. Kirchmann, most closely bound to me by faithful friendship, a certain friend recently communicated to me two manuscript treatises: one of them was anonymous, concerning a journey undertaken by certain Danes to Jerusalem; its beginning is as follows: “The following work begins as a letter. To the reverend and esteemed Lord C., Brother X., canon, due obedience in all things! I confess that it contributed much to me that I came to know you etc.” It begins with a prologue: “I consider it superfluous to describe the events of new things in unpolished speech.” It contains twenty-seven chapters. And in chapter 5 appears that barbarous word Gemobodia , about which I remember having consulted you earlier. And in chapter 11, where it deals with the city of Bergen and the disturbance there caused by the Danes, it mentions Saint Sunniva and the fish Screits . In chapter 16 there appears an old Norwegian proverb: Bibande bijr eigo, en brader and' rod'r. And in chapter 19: Fastr er a foldo foer. The other codex contains the History of Theodoric the Monk on the antiquity of the Kings of Norway, which begins thus: “To his most reverend Lord and Father, Augustine, Archbishop of Nidaros, Theodoric, humble sinner, submission of due service and the aid of prayers.” I thought it worthwhile, most illustrious Sir, to note briefly a few things concerning the Antiquity of the Kings of Norway, &c. It is completed in 34 chapters. Chapter 1. Concerning Harald ... beautifully
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 311 pulchre comato. Ultimum de Haraldo Hyberniensi. Iam nullus dubito, quin iidem sint tractatus, de quibus sæpius ad me scripsisti, quod & ex collatione tuorum codicum facile patebit. Sin autem res ita se habeat, velim quamprimum id me edoceas, & simul, num mature eas in luminis oras edere sit animus & consilium. Constitui etenim Notis quibusdam utrumque scriptorem illustrare, quæ cum tuis quas te parasse spero, conjungi possent. In illustri Viro, Magnifico Dn. Cancellario Frisio, heu! nimis mature nobis crepto, ingentem certe jacturam fecit Respublica nostra, juxta ac litteraria universa, cui se fidissimum semper exhibuerat fautorem & patronum. Mitto orationem funebrem de ipso habitam in Academia Hafniensi a D. Resenio juniore; cui ad calcem adjecta sunt, quotquot tum temporis prodiisse novi, Epicedia. Ab excessu Cl. Meursii, viri incomparabilis, mihi indigno, mihi, inquam, tanto Prædecessori plane impari, provincia scribendæ Historiæ Danicæ a Serenissimo Rege nostro demandata est. Quæso te, apprecare mihi a summo Numine faultissima quæque, & me in precibus tuis ardentibus votis ei, sine cujus numine nihil est in homine, diligenter commenda. Cæterum pauc penes me sunt in tanti viri obitum Epicedia, præter unum Weitzii mihi, ut vides, inscriptum, sed nondum divulgatum. Si tanti erit, velim typis apud vos excusum prima quaque occasione restituas. Pro iis, quæ nuper transmisisti, gratias ago maximas, & avrid quasi heic repræsento Florilegium Fabianum, a me anno superiore editum, & nunquam ab alio quoquam, quod sciam. Antequam finiam, per amicitiam te nostram rogo, ut Chronicon Lubecense Hermanni Bonni meam in gratiam illic coëmas, coëmptumque ad me quam primum transmittas: & præterea mecum communices, si qua vel typis, quocunque tandem idiomate, prodierunt, vel M.S. nosti extare de Republ. vestra monumenta. Certe ingenuo olim profitebor per quos profecerim, ut ille ait. Et feceris mihi hac in parte rem longe gratissimam, quam nullo non officiorum genere vicissim demereri conabor. Literas tuas in posterum recte curabit Senator antehac Magdeburgensis, nunc ad tempus Hamburgensis civis, Oswaldus Matthiæ, vir illic usque adeo notus, ut domum ejus, aut plateam, heic adscribere vix duxerim operæ pretium. Generum hic habet Eloquentiæ & Logices Professorem M. Iohannem Rave, collegam meum amicissimum. Ei per cursorem seu tabellarium publicum amæbæas ad me tuas bona fide committere poteris. Et sic singulis fere septimanis inter nos per literas colloqui licebit. Noli me, quæso, maturo frustrari responso, cujus incredibili teneor desiderio. Vale optime amicorum & me solito amore complectere. Soræ, a. d. XXVII. Ianuar. C15. 15. CXLII. EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 311 beautifully-haired. The last about Harald the Irishman. I now no longer doubt that they are the same treatises about which you have so often written to me, which will also readily become clear from the collation of your codices. But if the matter is so, I should like you to inform me of this as soon as possible, and at the same time whether you intend and plan to publish them in the light of day soon. For I have decided to illustrate both authors with certain notes, which could be joined with those which I hope you have prepared. In the illustrious man, the Magnificent Mr. Frisius, Chancellor, alas! taken from us all too early, our Republic, as well as the whole learned world, certainly suffered a great loss, for he had always shown himself a most faithful supporter and patron of it. I am sending the funeral oration delivered about him at the Academy of Copenhagen by the younger Mr. Resenius; to the end of which there have been added, as many as I know to have appeared at that time, the funeral poems. Since the passing of the distinguished Meursius, a man beyond compare, the task of writing the History of Denmark has been assigned to me, unworthy though I am, I say, wholly unequal to so great a predecessor, by our Most Serene King. I ask you to commend to the Supreme Deity whatever is most favorable for me, and in your prayers earnestly recommend me to Him, without whose favor nothing is in man. Otherwise, I have few funeral poems here for the death of so great a man, apart from one by Weitz, addressed to me, as you see, but not yet published. If it is of sufficient importance, I should like you to have it printed among you and return it at the first opportunity. For those things which you recently sent, I give my very great thanks, and I seem here almost to be representing avrid the Florilegium Fabianum, published by me last year, and never, so far as I know, by anyone else. Before I finish, I ask you through our friendship to obtain there, on my behalf, Hermann Bonni’s Chronicon Lubecense, and, once obtained, send it to me as soon as possible; and moreover to share with me whether you know of any monuments concerning your Republic that have appeared, either in print, in whatever language, or in manuscript. Surely I shall one day openly acknowledge by whom I have profited, as he says. And you will have done me in this matter a very great kindness, which I shall in turn endeavor to repay by every kind of service. In future, your letters will be properly handled by Senator Oswaldus Matthiae, formerly of Magdeburg, now for the time being a citizen of Hamburg, a man so well known there that I have scarcely thought it worth while to add his house or street here. His son-in-law is the Professor of Eloquence and Logic, M. Iohannes Rave, my very dear colleague. Through him, by means of a courier or public messenger, you will be able to entrust your friendly letters to me in good faith. And thus we shall be able to converse with one another by letter almost every week. Do not, I beg you, disappoint me with a prompt reply, for I am held by an incredible desire for it. Farewell, dearest of friends, and embrace me with your customary love. At Sorø, on the 27th day of January, 15 C15. 15. CXLII. EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CCLI. JOANNI TOBIÆ MAJO. S. D. Thomas Reinesius. Ienam. A Mice magne, collocutor suavissime. Inter familiares personas & sancta charitatis nomina observari debere didici, ut in literis discurrentibus magis emendatio sonet, quam reprehensio; quantum ad mittentes, & quantum ad accipientes magis spectetur , quam; Illud ut tibi præstem, Ego in hilce, quas tuis de filiatione Christi, us hominis, thesibus, de quibus judicium me rogabas, reponere placuit, curabo sedulo, caute, candide: sic ut tu mihi videris; iniquus autem sim, si moribus tuis aliqua perspectis indubitem, & aliud abs te quam benignam amplissimæ voluntatis erga te meæ, & candidæ nihilominus, (etsi videri possit nonnulli exerceri severius) censuræ interpretationem expectem; e qualicunque dissensiuncula nasci inter nos , Argumentum de adoptivi appellatione in Christo Dei Filio desumptum a paganis introductum, ab Ario hæresiarche fotum, adsertumque a Nestorio, disputatum a tenebrionibus Scholasticis, alienum a revelato & scripto Dei verbo, inter quæstiones querulas & inutiles, ne dicam improbas, ingeniorum luxuriantium adinventiones numerem, & ad ejusmodi remittam: , itemque alterum speciale de incarnationis & filiationis impervestigabili, inadibili nobis & ineffabili mysterio. , quæ ipsa etiam includit, & paulo post , Est scilicet omni homini melius laudare bonitatem Dei, quam discutere potentiam ejus: humiliter obedire præceptis ejus, quam pertinaciter scrutari mysteria ejus, & amabiliter venerari illum, quam præsumtuose ratiocinari de illo: Alcuinus l. 6. contra Felicem Urgelit: & humana ratione divinæ bonitatis sacramentum scrutari. Non enim ait idem lib. 3. humana possibilitate omnipotentiam metiri debes: ipse, qui lex est naturarum, nulla lege alterius naturæ subjacet, nec infirmis humanæ conjecturæ ratiunculis, qui incomprehensibilis est, cognosci poterit. Qua propter unigeniti Dei nativitatem, vel divinam, vel etiam humanam, desine ad nostram mortalitatis possibilitatem (qua nimirum homo unus duorum patrum silius naturaliter esse nequit) redigere; neque ei, qui extra conceptum humanæ originis natus est, humanis definitiunculis præjudicare tentes, quomodo nasci potuisset, vel quomodo esset proprius filius Dei, dum natus esset. Si Deo omnia possibilia cognoscas, & hoc ei possibile esse scito, ut proprium (non adoptivum) filium ex virgine creatum habere valuisset, neque enim hac sola
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CLARISSIMO ET DOCTISSIMO. EPISTLE CCLI. TO JOHANN TOBIAS MAY. S. D. Thomas Reinesius. Iena. To my very dear one, sweetest interlocutor. I have learned that among friendly persons and the holy names of charity it should be observed that, in letters passing between us, correction should sound more than reproach; and that regard should be had more to those who send and to those who receive than to anything else. That I may do this for you, I shall take care in these things, which, in response to your theses on the filiation of Christ, the Son of Man, about which you asked my judgment, I have chosen to set down, to proceed diligently, cautiously, and candidly; so that you may seem to me to be fair-minded, and I would be unjust if, with your character sufficiently known to me, I should doubt anything, or expect from you anything other than a kind and most generous disposition toward me, and a censure that is no less candid, though it may perhaps seem somewhat severe. Let a slight disagreement arise between us on this matter: the argument concerning the title of adoption in Christ the Son of God, derived from the pagans, introduced by Arius the heresiarch, supported by Nestorius, disputed by the dark-minded Scholastics, foreign to the revealed and written word of God, I count among querulous and useless questions, not to say wicked, inventions of luxuriant minds, and to such matters I shall defer. Likewise the other special question concerning the inscrutable, inaccessible to us, and ineffable mystery of the Incarnation and Filiation, which itself also includes it, and a little later: It is indeed better for every man to praise the goodness of God than to dispute his power; humbly to obey his commandments than obstinately to search out his mysteries; and lovingly to reverence him than presumptuously to reason about him. Alcuin, book 6, against Felix of Urgell: and to scrutinize the sacrament of divine goodness by human reason. For the same author says in book 3: by human possibility you ought not to measure omnipotence. He who is the law of natures is subject to no law of another nature, nor can he, who is incomprehensible, be known by the feeble reasonings of human conjecture. Wherefore cease to reduce the nativity of the only-begotten Son of God, whether divine or even human, to the possibilities of our mortality (since, to be sure, one man cannot by nature be the son of two fathers); nor attempt, by human definitions, to prejudge him who was born outside the conception of human origin, as to how he could have been born, or how, when born, he could be the proper Son of God. If you acknowledge that all things are possible to God, know also that this is possible for him, namely, to have a proper Son (not an adopted one) created from a virgin; for by this sole...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 313 sola nativitate Christi defectiva est potentia illius, qui omnipotens est, ut non posset illum hominem, qui ex virgine præter rerum seriem natus est, sibi proprium vel naturalem filium contra legem naturæ, per quam nativitas parenti esse solet, creare, & ut, qui sine peccato e peccatoribus nasceretur, singulariter sine adoptione Dei esset filius, facere: Greg. xvii. Mor. Certe, quia unitas personæ dualitatem filiationis respectu patris in Christo respuit, unum in eo nomen filii erit; & adoptio locum non invenit, ubi præcessit proprietas; cum veritas naturæ excludat phantasiam indultæ adoptionis. In utraque generatione Filii Dei est proprietas, non adoptio Alc. I. 1. contra Fel. & quem pater proprium genuit ab æterno, eundem proprium quoque sibi in tempore voluit habere e matre virgine, non minuto vel mutato, quod erat, id est proprietate, quam habuit in filii nomine, sed quod non erat adsumto in personam & substantiam unius filii. Unde quicquid de arrogatione, de adoptione, de emancipatione, de manumissione, describitur e principio secularis sapientiæ & profanarum litibus gentium, & huic negotio in gladiatoria ista Theologia infertur, impertinens plane est, & ipso genere extraneum; Cum Christum hominem e servo manumisso adoptari potuisse; non autem ut servum naturaliter filiari, cum termini isti se mutuo tollant, dicitis, Th. XI. p. 3. cæleste mysterium conjecturis carnalis disputationis hebetatis, vos ipsos terrena argumentatione confunditis, ut, quæ volo, Augustini potius serm. XI. de temp. verbis eloquar. Tollunt se mutuo isti termini in scholis Philosophorum: horum autem legibus & acumini pravò generationem Filii a Patre sempiterno & temporaliter a matre utramque , & hinc ortam filietatis rationem subjicies, & pronunciabis e naturæ regulis de supernaturali? Nulla de Deo rectius consuluntur, quam divina, inquit Calianus: & ad æstimandam Dei omnipotentiam earum rerum exemplo uti non licet, quæ ipsæ utique non essent, nisi id ipsum ex Deo essent, quod sunt: 1. 7. de Incarn. Ch. c. 2. Servus quem e Philologo describunt, origine, natura & necessitate talis est: Christo termini ignobiles, servitii conditionalis nomen, sine impietate non possunt tribui, qui voluntaria obedientia implendæ voluntatis paternæ in salute humana, non poena conditionis servus vel dici, vel esse voluit; estque nomen servus in ipso, non ob naturæ proprietatem vel , ut loquitur, Eulog. apud Phot. c. 280, sed a Prophetis de eo prædicatum, ob rerum ab illo gerendarum significationem: Alc. I. 5. c. Fel. & ep. ad Elipandum: quo loquendi genere etiam dicitur ad Gal. 3. 13. & 2. ad Cor. 5. 21. Et si alio modo filius Dei est, quam quo fideles; si alio modo servus, quam quo servi apud gentes, quod vestrum , & est, quid ad filiationem ejus intelligendam, & servitutem ejus cognoscendam morem humanæ conditionis, quæ multis modis inferior est, & sphæram humanæ filiationis & servitutis non exit, adhibetis? Est videlicet hæc adplicatio stercus in laterna, & non illustrat id, cui illustrando profertur. Adoptivum ignorant scripturæ, non eo modo, quo , R[espondeo] quæ
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LETTERS OF MEN. 313 the power of that One, who is omnipotent, is defective only in the nativity of Christ, so that He could not make that man, born of a virgin beyond the ordinary course of things, His own or natural son against the law of nature, by which birth is usually to a parent; and so that He who was born without sin from sinners might be made singularly the Son of God without adoption: Greg. xvii. Mor. Surely, because the unity of the person rejects a duality of sonship with respect to the Father in Christ, there will be in Him one name of Son; and adoption finds no place where property has preceded; since the truth of nature excludes the fiction of a granted adoption. In both generations there is proprietorship of the Son of God, not adoption. Alc. I. 1. contra Fel. And He whom the Father begot as His own from eternity, the same He also willed to have as His own in time from the virgin mother, not diminished or changed in what He was, that is, in the proprietorship which He had in the name of Son, but in what He was not, assumed into the person and substance of the one Son. Hence whatever is set forth about arrogation, adoption, emancipation, or manumission, drawn from the beginning of secular wisdom and the profane disputes of nations, and introduced into this matter in this gladiatorial Theology, is plainly irrelevant and foreign to the very subject; since you say that Christ as man could have been adopted from a manumitted slave, but not naturally made a son as a slave, because these terms mutually exclude one another. Th. XI. p. 3. You, dulling the heavenly mystery with conjectures of carnal disputation, confuse yourselves with earthly reasoning, so that I may rather speak in the words of Augustine, serm. XI. de temp. These terms mutually exclude one another in the schools of philosophers; but by their laws and sharpness you perversely subject the generation of the Son from the eternal Father and from the mother in time, both, and hence the reason of sonship arising from it, and you pronounce from the rules of nature concerning what is supernatural? None are more rightly consulted about God than divine things, says Calianus; and for estimating the omnipotence of God it is not lawful to use the example of those things which would not exist at all unless they were from God Himself that which they are: 1. 7. de Incarn. Ch. c. 2. A slave, whom they describe from Philologus, is such by origin, nature, and necessity: such ignoble terms of servitude cannot without impiety be attributed to Christ, who by voluntary obedience in fulfilling the will of the Father for human salvation wished to be called, or to be, a slave not by the penalty of condition; and the name slave in Him is not on account of the property of nature, or, as Eulogius says apud Phot. c. 280, but has been spoken of Him by the Prophets, on account of the signification of the things to be done by Him: Alc. I. 5. c. Fel. & ep. ad Elipandum: in which manner of speaking it is also said at Gal. 3. 13. and 2 Cor. 5. 21. And if the Son of God is in one way other than believers; if a slave in one way other than slaves among the Gentiles, what is yours, and what is it, for understanding His sonship and knowing His servitude, that you bring in the custom of human condition, which is inferior in many ways and does not go beyond the sphere of human sonship and servitude? This application, plainly, is dung in a lantern, and does not illuminate that for the illumination of which it is brought forth. Scripture knows nothing of an adoptive son in the way that, R[espondeo] which
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. quæ formula etsi sit, nihil tamen ponit, quod secundum rem ipsam & dogmatis substantiam in scripturis non continetur: quod de Adoptivo nemo dum probavit: Continxit, vel a secularibus literis arreptam Ecclesiam intro- duxit Arius, teste Athan. in Ep. ad Epictetum: Hilar. l. 12. contra Ar. Pau- lino l. 1. contra Fel. & Alc. l. 3. adversus Elipand. An non ergo malis damnare autoris damnati figmentum, quam explosum semel a veteribus in Ecclesiæ proscenium reproducere, & tot distinctiuncularum & lenociniis noxium gramen medicaminis vocabulo & tolerabilitatis præcolorare. Fuerint scholastici Doctores magni & ingeniosi homines; atqui religionis pu- ritatem simplicitatemque ingeniis suis, quæ spinosa potius habuere & nuga- cia, quam elegantia & gravia, eos contaminasse palam est. Et bene igitur de Ecclesia mereri, qui curiosas & otiosas ab iis agitatas quæstiones abrumpunt, sopiunt, sepeliunt, ante biennium fortasse poenitens male collocatæ operæ, scribebat ille, cui ante triennium quæstionem de filiatione Christi adoptiva in palæstra academica discutere libuerat: quid hodie sentiat, & an inter otiosas eam non habeat, scire velim. Certe Iesuitæ Moguntini hanc ejus & factum verbis contrarium, sugillare non omisere. Si quid video, propo- suerat sibi Pontificis Romani præsumtam infallibilitatem, & Synodicorum de- cretorum auctoritatem valoremque subruere eo, si Pontificis & Patrum Syn- odi Francofurtensis in hæresi Feliciana damnanda errasse probavisset: id quod magno conatu facit Felicianos a Nestorianismo absolvens, quod & quoddam e Iesuitis & Dominicanis facere docetis 5. 1. th. xxix. Sed quod pace ve- strum omnium dicere mihi liceat, verum vidit Dav. Blondellus, cui vos pro- pterea immerito præcipitantiam objicitis. 5. 2. th. xviii, nimirum eos aperte Nestoriasse, & sententiam Nestorianam & viva voce & scriptis editis propu- gnasse. Non producam nunc imputationes Paulini Aquil. & Alcuini, in quorum libris ex legi possunt creberrimæ de Pelagio & Nestorio præcessori- bus Felicis, de Felice sequipeda Nestorii: & quod Nestorius in numero personarum, hoc Felicem in numero Filiorum, & similia, quia adversario- rum de suis adversariis testimonia suspecta sunt; Sententia Felicis ipsis ejus verbis concepta e libello (scripserat autem etiam ante Epistolas ad diversos de re eadem, quarum meminit Alcuinus in ep. ad Elipandum) cuiseptem libris respondit Alcuinus, audiatur. Apud Alcuinum libro 5. contra Fel. qui est in parte 2. Operum Alcuini edit. Paris Ao. 1617. f. 854. de verbis Petri Act. 10. 30. Deus erat cum illo, ita commentatur Felix: Non dicit, Deus erat ipse, sed Deus erat cum illo: nam si secundum veram professionem Deus verus esset homo ille susceptus a verbo, nequaquam tantus Apostolus auderet dicere, Deus erat cum illo, sed potius Deus erat ipse. ibid. de verbis Apostol. 2. ad Cor. 5. 19. Quoniam Deus erat in Christo mundum reconcilians sibi. Non ait Deus erat Christus; sed Deus erat in Christo; non quod Christus bo- mo videlicet adsumptus Deus non sit: sed quia non natura; sed gratia atque nuncupatione sit Deus. lib. 2. f. 805: Hominis esse tantum filium, qui ex vir- gine
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Most clear and most learned. Although this formula may be such, yet it introduces nothing that is not contained in the Scriptures, according to the thing itself and the substance of the doctrine: this, no one has yet proved concerning the Adoptive Son. Arius brought it in, or rather introduced it into the Church, having snatched it from secular letters, as Athanasius testifies in his Epistle to Epictetus: Hilary, book 12 against Arius; Paulinus, book 1 against Felix and Alcuin, book 3 against Elipandus. Why then should we not prefer to condemn the invention of a condemned author, rather than to bring back onto the stage of the Church, once already driven out by the ancients, and to adorn with the vocabulary of remedy and tolerability, by so many distinctions and embellishments, a harmful weed? The scholastic doctors were great and ingenious men; but it is plain that they polluted the purity and simplicity of religion with their own wits, which were more thorny and trifling than elegant and weighty. And therefore he does well by the Church who cuts off, suppresses, and buries the curious and idle questions stirred up by them; perhaps repenting after two years of ill-placed labor, wrote that man who, three years before, had been pleased to discuss in the academic arena the question of Christ’s adoptive sonship: I should like to know what he thinks today, and whether he does not count it among idle questions. Certainly the Jesuits of Mainz did not fail to attack both this remark of his and the action contrary to his words. If I see the matter rightly, he had proposed to himself to undermine the presumed infallibility of the Roman Pontiff and the authority and validity of synodal decrees, by proving that the Pope and the Fathers of the Synod of Frankfurt erred in condemning the Felician heresy: which he strives to do with great effort, absolving the Felicians from Nestorianism, something which you too teach that certain Jesuits and Dominicans do in 5. 1. th. xxix. But, with peace to you all, if I may say so, Dav. Blondellus saw the truth, whom you therefore unjustly charge with rashness, 5. 2. th. xviii, namely that they openly Nestorianized and defended the Nestorian opinion both orally and in published writings. I will not now bring forward the accusations of Paulinus of Aquileia and Alcuin, in whose books there may be read very frequent references to Pelagius and Nestorius, forebears of Felix, and to Felix as the equal of Nestorius: and that which Nestorius is in the number of persons, Felix is in the number of sons, and similar things; for the testimony of adversaries concerning their opponents is suspect. Let Felix’s opinion, taken from his own words in a little book—for he had also written before this to several persons on the same matter, which Alcuin mentions in the letter to Elipandus—let it be heard as answered by Alcuin in seven books. In Alcuin, book 5 against Felix, which is in part 2 of Alcuin’s Works, Paris edition of 1617, fol. 854, on the words of Peter, Acts 10:30, “God was with him,” Felix comments thus: “He does not say, God was he himself, but God was with him; for if according to the true profession that man assumed by the Word were true God, by no means would so great an Apostle have dared to say, God was with him, but rather, God was he himself.” Likewise, there, on the words of the Apostle in 2 Corinthians 5:19, “For God was in Christ, reconciling the world to himself”: “He does not say, God was Christ; but God was in Christ; not that Christ, namely the man assumed, is not God: but because he is God not by nature, but by grace and by designation.” Book 2, fol. 805: “That he is only the son of a man, who from a virgin…”
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 315 gine natus est, & non Dei, nisi per adoptionem: quam Felicianorum pro- fessionem de vero Deo juxta divinam naturam, & nuncupativo juxta huma- nam; de vero proprio & naturali Filio Dei juxta illam, & adoptivo juxta hanc repetit Alcuinus sæpissime. Omnium autem expressissime, l. 4. adv. Elip. f. 982. Paulinus Aquil. l. 1. contra Fel. in operum Alcuin. parte 3. f 1777. hæc ejus verba recitat, uti & Alc. l. 4. f. 844. Si autem, uti vos vultis, homo adsumtus a Filio Dei, mox a conceptione virginalis uteri verus con- ceptus est Deus, & verus natus est Deus: quomodo ipse filius prophetice dese- met ipse ait; Et nunc hæc dicit Dominus, formans me ex utero servum sibi. Es. 49. 5. & rursum, qua autoritate homo Dominicus ex utero matris verus Deus conceptus, & verus Deus natus a vobis prædicatur, cum sit natura ve- rus homo & per omnia subditus Deo? & apud Alc. l. 6. f. 886. Qui ve- rus Deus est, fieri numquid potest, ut conditione servus Dei sit, sicut Christus, qui non tantum propter obedientiam; sed etiam per naturam servus patris & filius ancilla edocetur? imo vel e phrasi dominicus, & altera humanatus Deus, quatenus duo in Christo supposita facit, judicare liceat, quam nihil absint a Nestorianismo; eas autem lubenter usurpat Elipandus in Ep. ad Alcuinum, & fatetur aperte, se credere Dei Filium ante secula a Patre genitum, adoptio- ne non esse, sed genere: a virgine autem natum in tempore non gratia, sed natura Deum esse negasse. Omnem autem impietatem superat, quod docuit Christum veterem hominem secunda indiguisse generatione, quasi originaliter filium iræ, coque in baptismo adoptatum a Patre in Filium esse, sicut & nos: Alc. l. 2. contra Fel. L. 1. adv. Elipandum. Paulinus Aquil. l. 1. f. 1809. & f. 1777. quasi purum communemque hominem, cui filii prærogativa gratis conferatur, cuique per lavacrum regenerationis ab eodem filio Dei detur potestas, ut & adoptivus sit Dei filius gratuito munere, & nuncupativus Deus, divina ubique præveniente gratia efficiatur: qui & propterea pro se legatur orasse, sicut & pro nobis: Alc. l. 7. Paul. l. 1. f. 1794 l. 2. f. 1822. cum tamen orarit pro hominibus, quasi verus homo, sed potestatis insignis, non necessitatis dehonestate, & proximus passioni suscepto in se infirmita- tis adfectu turbarit semet ipsum, & divini favoris sensu ad tempus caruerit, pietatis voluntaria dignatione, vel potestate, non timoris dedecore. Quæ cum ita sint, facere non possum, quin adfirmem, Iesuitas & Dominicanos, quos nominatis, libros Paulini & Alcuini non legisse cum cura, qua debe- bant; & male igitur de hæresi Feliciana judicasse ex Epp. Adriani, & Patrum Synod. Francof. & Paulini l. sacrosyllabo tantum; pessime vero meritos eos de Pontifice Rom, quem clave errante hic usum esse insinuant, constat e Socio- tum contradictionibus, quas tangitis th. 2. 5. 2. & 3. th. 19. 5. 2. Imper- fectum est quicquid Annalium conditor ejus Baronius ad t. 3. Concil. & aliis de hæresi Feliciana congestere de initiis & progressu ejus, totoque adeo nego- tio. Multo plura & certiora haurientur ex Epistola exhortatoria Alcuini ad Elipandum, hujus ad Alcuinum responsoria; tum e libris 4. Alcuini adversus Ri 2 Eli-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 315 was born of a virgin, and not of God except by adoption: this profession of the Felicians, of the true God according to the divine nature, and only so-called according to the human; of the true, proper, and natural Son of God according to the former, and adopted according to the latter, Alcuin repeats very often. Most explicitly of all, l. 4. adv. Elip. f. 982. Paulinus of Aquileia, l. 1. contra Fel. in the works of Alcuin, part 3, f. 1777, quotes these words of his, as also Alc. l. 4. f. 844. But if, as you wish, the man assumed by the Son of God, from the very conception in the virgin womb, was truly conceived God and was truly born God, how then does that son himself say prophetically of himself: “And now thus says the Lord, forming me from the womb as a servant for himself”? Isa. 49. 5. And again, by what authority is the Lordly man from his mother’s womb proclaimed by you as true God conceived and true God born, when by nature he is a true man and in all things subject to God? And in Alc. l. 6. f. 886: Can it by any chance be possible, if he is true God, that by condition he should be the servant of God, as Christ is taught to be not only because of obedience, but also by nature the servant of the Father and the son of a handmaid? Indeed, if one may judge even from the phrase dominicus, and the other humanated God, inasmuch as these make two suppositums in Christ, how far they are from Nestorianism; yet Elipandus readily uses them in his Epistle to Alcuin, and openly admits that he believes the Son of God begotten before the ages by the Father, not by adoption but by generation; but that born of the virgin in time, not by grace but by nature, he has denied to be God. But he surpasses every impiety in teaching that Christ, the old man, needed a second generation, as if originally a son of wrath, and that in baptism he was adopted by the Father as Son, just as we are: Alc. l. 2. contra Fel. l. 1. adv. Elipandum. Paulinus of Aquileia l. 1. f. 1809 and f. 1777. As though he were a mere common man, to whom the prerogative of sonship is freely granted, and to whom through the bath of regeneration by the same Son of God is given the power so that he too may be an adopted son of God by free gift, and a so-called God, made everywhere by divine grace preceding: he also therefore is read to have prayed for himself, as also for us: Alc. l. 7. Paul. l. 1. f. 1794 l. 2. f. 1822. Yet since he prayed for men, as a true man, but one marked by authority, not dishonored by necessity, and, near his passion, with the feeling of infirmity assumed into himself, he disturbed himself, and for a time was without the sense of divine favor, by voluntary condescension of piety, or by authority, not by the disgrace of fear. Since these things are so, I cannot help but affirm that the Jesuits and Dominicans, whom you name, did not read the books of Paulinus and Alcuin with the care they ought to have used; and therefore judged badly concerning the Felician heresy from the Epistles of Hadrian, and the synodal Fathers of Frankfurt, and Paulinus’s sacred syllable only; but they were most poorly advised concerning the Roman Pontiff, whom they indicate as having used this erring key here, as is clear from the contradictions of the theologians, which you touch on in th. 2. 5. 2. and 3. th. 19. 5. 2. Imperfect is whatever the author of the Annals, Baronius, has collected about the heresy of the Felicians in vol. 3 of the Councils and elsewhere concerning its beginnings and progress, and indeed the whole matter. Much more and much surer will be drawn from Alcuin’s exhortatory letter to Elipandus, and Elipandus’s responsive one to Alcuin; then from the four books of Alcuin against Ri 2 Eli-
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316 CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. Elipandum: ex Epistola Elipandi ad Felicem Romæ consistentem: & e Con- fessione fidei edita a Felice Aquisgrani, postquam in Synodo Romana coram Leone Pontifice, ibi præsentibus LVI I Episcopis causa ejus veutilata, & re- probata fuisset: qua profitetur se toto corde, non qualibet simulatione, seu velamine falsitatis, sicut dudum, reverti ad Ecclesiam; unde error Adonis Vienn: & qui cum sequitur Marianæ l. 7. Rer. Hisp. c. 8. Felicem Patrum sententia relegatum Lugdunum, ibique nunquam errore deposito extremum vitæ diem obiisse, arguitur. Ita scripta Alcuinus uno fasciculo comprehensa, ne forte sparsa amitterentur, Episcopis aliquot in Galliarum partibus transmisit, & parte secunda operum Alcuini e cod. Miss. S. Mariæ Remensis edidit Andreas Quercetanus Turon. Lutetiæ apud Sebast. Cramoisum. Ao. 1617. quæ si legere non tædeat, utenda dabo. Mihi certe plurimum profure in gestis illorum temporum digerendis, in quo negotio defecit Baronius, quippe qui istis instrumentis caruit: quod ostendo in supplemento Exercit. Casaub. ad Ann. Eccles. Cardinalis: Nimirum Felix Urgellitanus in Vergetibus Episcopus, postquam Ao. 792. in Synodo Ratisbonensi, cui & Paulinus Aquilejensis Patriarcha, teste ipso lib. 1. interfuerat, convictus suam de Adoptivo opinionem, sacramento interposito & tactis sacrosanctis Euangelii, abjecisset, Romamque ab Angelberto Abbare S. Richarii in Cartulo, Caroli M. genero deductus, eidem coram Adriano P. M. renunciasset, Alc. l. 1. advers. Elip. Adhelmus Rhegino, ann. Fuld. sub ann. 792. & Indices rerum ab Arragon. Reg. gest. lib. 1. ad suos reversus, instigante Elipando Ecclesiæ Toletanæ Archiepiscopo, eandem iterum profiteri coepit, plures ad diversos ea de re mittens epistolas, & cum ab Alcuino, nuper à Carolo M. ex Anglia in Franciam vocato, recepisset exhortatoriam ad fidem, ei peculiari libello prolixe respondit, & sua quantum potuit propugnavit. Hanc ejus perfidiam Paulinus Aquil. & Alcuinus infectati sunt, & libellum ejus, ille quidem tribus, hic vero septem libris oppositis refutarunt. Istis Catholicorum scriptis persuasus & acquiescens Felix, & decisioni Patrum in Synodo Rom. sub Leone Pont. congregata super ejus epistola, quam ad Alcuinum Abbas S. Martini Turonensis, Carolus autem Romam direxerat, factæ, venit ad Aquisgranense Palatium, auditis coram Rege Optimatibus & Sacerdotibus, post multam cum Adriano disputationem, sententia altera vice cessit, & veram confessus fidem in pacem Catholicæ unanimitatis reversus est cum suis discipulis, qui ibi tum præsentes erant. Ita Paulin l. 1. contra Felic. Alcuinus lib. 1. & 2. adv. Elip. Autor vitæ B Alcuini, dictante Sigulfo Alcuini discipulo & familiari intimo, scriptæ, repertus a Iacobo Sirmondo 5. 1. & post hunc editus ab And. Quercetano, faciente imprimis Alcuino, qui de converso sua potissimum opera Felice gloriatur, ejusque exemplum Elipando objicit f. 933. 935. 939. ipsaque præterea ejus Confessionis formula, aliis hac de re scriptis suis ad quoddam Galliarum Episcopos elaboratis, annexa. Venerat autem Felix Aquisgranum vocatus a Carolo, sub cujus ditione tum erant crepta
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316. Most learned Claris. Elipandus: from the letter of Elipandus to Felix then residing at Rome; and from the Confession of Faith issued by Felix at Aachen, after in the Roman Synod, before Pope Leo, with fifty-six bishops present there and his case having been discussed and condemned, he professes that with all his heart, and not by any kind of simulation or veil of falsehood, he would return to the Church, as he had long before done; hence the error of Ado of Vienne, and of those who follow him, as Marianus in l. 7. Rer. Hisp. c. 8. says, that Felix, after being sent by sentence of the Fathers to Lyon, and there never laying aside his error, died his last day, is shown to be false. Thus Alcuin, having collected the writings into one bundle lest they should be lost if scattered, sent them to several bishops in parts of Gaul, and Andreas Quercetanus published them in the second part of Alcuin’s works from the codex of St Mary of Reims, at Paris, with Sebastian Cramoisy, in 1617; and if it is not tedious to read them, I shall provide them for use. For my part, they will certainly be of great help to me in arranging the events of those times, in which task Baronius failed, since he lacked these documents; this I show in the supplement to Casaubon’s Exercitations on the Ecclesiastical Annals. Namely, Felix of Urgell, bishop in the valleys, after in the year 792 in the Synod of Regensburg, at which Paulinus, Patriarch of Aquileia, was present, as he himself testifies in book 1, had been convicted and, after interposing an oath and touching the sacred Gospels, had abandoned his opinion about Adoptionism, and had been led by Abbot Angelbert of St Richarius, in a charter, to Rome, being the son-in-law of Charles the Great, and had there before Pope Adrian publicly renounced it, as Alcuin, l. 1. advers. Elip.; Adhelmus; Rhegino, Ann. Fuld. under the year 792; and the Index of matters in the deeds of the kings of Aragon, book 1, record, when he had returned to his own people, at the instigation of Elipandus, Archbishop of the Church of Toledo, he began once more to profess the same doctrine, sending several letters about it to different persons; and when, from Alcuin, recently called from England into France by Charles the Great, he had received an exhortation to the faith, he replied to it at length in a special booklet and defended his own position as far as he could. Paulinus of Aquileia and Alcuin attacked this perfidy of his and refuted his booklet, the former with three books, the latter with seven books set against it. Persuaded and yielding to these Catholic writings, and to the decision of the Fathers made in the Roman Synod assembled under Pope Leo on the matter of his letter, which the Abbot of St Martin of Tours had sent to Alcuin, and Charles had sent to Rome, he came to the palace at Aachen, and, after hearing the leading men and priests before the king, after much discussion with Adrian, yielded a second time, and, having confessed the true faith, returned to the peace of Catholic unity together with his disciples, who were then present there. So says Paulinus, l. 1. contra Felic.; Alcuin, lib. 1 and 2. adv. Elip.; the author of the Life of Blessed Alcuin, dictated by Sigulf, Alcuin’s disciple and intimate companion, discovered by Jacobus Sirmondus, 5. 1., and afterward published by And. Quercetanus, especially stating that Alcuin, who boasts above all of his own work in Felix’s conversion, also reproaches Elipandus with his example, f. 933, 935, 939, and further appending the very formula of Felix’s Confession, among other writings of his on this matter prepared for certain bishops of Gaul. But Felix had been summoned to Aachen by Charles, under whose rule then were crepta
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 317 erepta Saracenis ulteriora montis Pyrenæi, cui insidet Orgellum, deductus a Laidrado Ep. Lugdunensi ad conventum Episcoporum, anno, ut ait Alc. Caroli trigesimo secundo, qui cum anno Chr. DCCXCVII. concurrit: quo eodem anno Carolum Hepidannus S. Galli Monachus in Annal: item Annalium a Pithæo editorum Scriptor, & Othelgrimus in vita S. Ludgeri l. 1. c. 34. Alcuinum Aquisgrani fuisse consignavit. Quod de tempore Synodi Aquisgrani & conversi Felicis dixi, firmatur etiam inde, quod Alcuinus tum Tu- tonensem S. Martini Abbatiam regeret, ut est in confessione Felicis, & quod Turonis a Carolo accerseretur, ut habet anonymus vitæ B. Alcuini scriptor. Eam vero Alcuinus, non primis, cum in Franciam circa annum Chr. DCCXIII. venisset, annis, sed postquam aliquamdiu in aula Caroli ejusque servitio vixis- set, & in patriam dimissus, commeatu a Rege Merciorum Offa & Canbaldo Archiep. Eboræcensi impetrato, rediisset, beneficio Caroli administraverit, eidemque senex ann. DCCCV. fuerit immortuus. Hoc ordine his temporibus illa inter Catholicos & Felicem gesta processerunt. Elipando Adoptivi per Hispanias ab a. 783. prædicatori, Felici consentaneo, Beatus Abbas & pres- byter & Etherius Episcopus Uxamensis scriptis libellis contradixerunt; horum opus spissum vastumque & non inelegans vere potuit Laudare Mariana: Vi- dit enim libris duobus charactere Gothico exaratum in archivo Ecclesiæ Tole- tanæ Ambrosius Morales, teste Baronio ad a. 783. extr. ut quod P. Stevartius Ingolstadii edidit opusculum eorum parum Latinum, ut aitis th. xxxIII. 5. 3. aliud eorundem esse intelligere possis. Marianam nihil finxisse inde colliges, quod in Cænobio S. Isidori adservari hodieque lucubrationes contra Felicis errores, auctore Beato Monacho in - - - - qui idem ille Presbyter est, adno- tarit Possevinus. Istum Beatum, qui & legatus a Catholicis ex Hispania fuerat ad Synodum Francofurtensem, Elipandum adpellat Pseudoprophetam fætidissimum inbeatum, epist. ad Felicem, uti Alcuinum novum, Arrium in Finibus Austriæ exortum, hereticum piceum & nigredine teterrimum, ca- ptato e nominibus ludicro. Adversus istum Elipandum veterem hæreseos Fe- licianæ in Hispania adsertorem & primipilum stetisse Synodum Francofurten- sem ann. Chr. 794. sedente Adriano, testantur Adhelmus Rhegino, Schafna- burgensis, Hermannus, Marianus, Scotus, Urspergensis, Annales a Pithæo editi, Author vitæ Caroli M. I. Monachus Egeli[m]mensis & Rolevincus Cartu- sianus. At Paulinus Aquil. epistolam Elipandi ad Carolum scriptam in Sy- nodo excussam fuisse dicit, & quidem Pontifice Adriano: locum non expri- mit: Alcuinus quoque in ep. ad Fratres Lugdun. Ao. LXIX. erroris sectæ Hispanicæ de adoptione, & de eo ex authoritate Synodali responsi memi- nit, Francofurti nusquam. Uti nec Elipandus neque Felix, nec Auctor vitæ B. Alcuini, quod sane mirum est, & rem nisi tot testibus sui uiæ firmata esset, redderet suspectam. Quam enim difficile creditu Alcuino, familiari tum tem- poris Carolo, non innotuisse celeberrimam Synodum, si fuit? Isti Synodo non interfuisse, Alcuinum dixerim, tam quod nec ejus neque sententiæ in Rr 3 Eli-
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Letters of notable men. 317 restored from the Saracens, on the farther side of the Pyrenees mountain, on which Orgellum lies, he was brought by Leidrad, bishop of Lyons, to the council of bishops, in the thirty-second year of Charles, as Alcuin says, which falls in the year of Christ 797; in that same year both the monk Hucbald of St. Gall in his Annals, and likewise the writer of the Annals published by Pithou, and Othelgrimus in the life of St. Ludger, book 1, ch. 34, recorded that Alcuin was at Aachen. What I said about the time of the Synod of Aachen and the conversion of Felix is also confirmed by this, namely that Alcuin was then governing the abbey of St. Martin of Tours, as is stated in the confession of Felix, and that he was summoned from Tours by Charles, as the anonymous writer of the life of Blessed Alcuin has it. Indeed, Alcuin administered that office for Charles, not in his first years, when he came into Francia about the year of Christ 713, but after he had lived for some time at Charles’s court and in his service, and, being dismissed to his native land, had returned on leave obtained from the king of the Mercians, Offa, and from Cænbald, archbishop of York; and he died in old age in the year 805. In this order, in those times, the events concerning the Catholics and Felix proceeded. Against Elipandus, the preacher of adoptionism throughout Spain from the year 783, and ally of Felix, Beatus the abbot and presbyter and Etherius, bishop of Osma, opposed him with written books; and the thick, large, and indeed not inelegant work of these men Mariana could truly praise. For Ambrosius Morales saw it, written in two books in Gothic script, in the archive of the church of Toledo, as Baronius testifies under the year 783, at the end; just as the little work published at Ingolstadt by Father Stevartius, being rather poor Latin, may make it clear to you that another of the same authors exists, as in thesis 33, section 3. You will gather from this that Mariana invented nothing, since Possevino noted that the writings against the errors of Felix, by the author Beatus the monk in - - - - who is the very same man as the presbyter, are preserved to this day in the monastery of St. Isidore. That Beatus, who had also been sent as legate by the Catholics from Spain to the Synod of Frankfurt, Elipandus calls a most foul pseudoprophet, “the unblessed,” in his letter to Felix; and he calls Alcuin a new Arius, arisen in the borders of Austria, a heretic pitch-black and most vile in darkness, playing on names. Against this Elipandus, the old champion and chief defender of the heresy of Felix in Spain, the Synod of Frankfurt, in the year of Christ 794 and under Adrian, stood forth; this is testified by Adhelmus, Regino of Prüm, the chronicler of Sponheim, Hermannus, Mariana, Scotus, Urspergensis, the Annals published by Pithou, the author of the life of Charlemagne, the monk of Eg(e)li[m]mensis, and Rolevincus the Carthusian. But Paulinus of Aquileia says that Elipandus’s letter to Charles was examined at the synod, and indeed under Pope Adrian; he does not specify the place. Alcuin too, in his letter to the brethren of Lyons, in the year 769, mentions the error of the Spanish sect concerning adoption, and the reply given about it by synodal authority, but nowhere at Frankfurt. Nor do Elipandus, nor Felix, nor the author of the life of Blessed Alcuin mention it; which is certainly surprising, and would render the matter suspect unless it were supported by so many witnesses. For how hard would it be to believe that Alcuin, at that time a close companion of Charles, had not learned of so famous a synod, if there was one? I would say that Alcuin was not present at that synod, both because neither he nor his opinion in Rr 3 Eli-
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318 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Elipandum latæ, quam tamen eidem objicere & commode poterat & debe- bat, uspiam meminerit: quam quod Carolus in epistola ad Episcopos Hispaniæ sententias Doctorum de libello Elipandi enarret, expresse etiam nomina- tis Petro Mediolanensi & Paulino Aquilejensi inter Episcopos Germaniæ, Galliæ & Britanniæ, virosque alios venerabiles, hunc Alcuinum suum deli- ciosum nominare omisit. Fortassis tempore celebrati Concilii fuit in patria, quo remeandi licentiam a Rege eum petiisse, & confecto, quod voluerat, in Franciam rediisse lego in vita ejus. Hoc autem certo tenemus, Elipando, dum Francofurti damnaretur, iterum Felicem adhæsisse: ambobus autem Pau- linus, in lib. sacros. anathema denunciat & cum Adrianus P.M. in sua epistola solum Elipandum. *.*.*. Catera desunt in Autographo. EPISTOLA CCLII. JOHANNI TOBIÆ MAJO. S.D. Thomas Reinesius. Fenam. DE mente Felicianorum circa adoptivam Christi hominis filietatem pu- tabam me tibi persuasisse, quod authenticis ad eam rem tabulis uterer ni- tererque. Tu autem eas suspectæ fidei esse non minus, quam ipsa Concilii Francofurtensis acta timide quidem, & cum quadam adseris. Nollem te eo proruere, non enim elabi poteris hoc postico. Si quid judicare valeo, scripta ista a Felicis, Elipandi, Paulini & Alcuini a Quercetano digesta, sunt , & plane eorum, quorum esse dicuntur; audiam au- tem te, si quid contra possis; scio quod & adfectus hominis pa- trare solet in hoc genere; raro exprimit sensa adversarii vera, sed ut causæ in- serviant, , : in negotio vero nostro nihil tale de- signarunt vel Paulinus vel Alcuinus (Adrianum non excuso similiter) quod ex ipsis Felicis verbis, quæ ex ejus libello excerpserunt integra & prolixis in- terdum periodis, liquido ostendi. Quia autem præsertim ea, quæ de rege- neratione & adoptione Filii per baptismum docuerunt Feliciani, eos docuisse nondum credis, in rem ipsam te mitto & codicem utendum affero: e quo si voles intelliges, non tantum Alcuinum; sed & Paulinum, quem id tacuisse dicebas, eadem in ipsis reprehendere, ipsorum productis. Ego audacter provocaveram ad scripta, quæ trivissem, & in manibus essent. Tu majori fere confidentia negas, quia non vidisses scilicet, quod illiberale est. Nolui nunc quicquam præterea respondere, quod suffectura viderentur, quæ ex ipsis Scriptoribus cognoscere posses, quo facto, si quid insuper dubii te coxerit, promere & objicere mihi integrum est. Vocabam non re- jeci ideo, quod Græca non esset: sed quod eam ab auctoribus opponi veteri scripsisses, eos mihi ut nominares postulavi; quod fortasse needum potes. Stat interim esse vocabulum a Grammaticis exautoratum, & propter- ca
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318 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Has he anywhere made mention of the broad charge against Elipandus, which nevertheless he could and ought fittingly to have brought against him? For that Charles, in his letter to the bishops of Spain, sets forth the opinions of the Doctors on Elipandus’ little book, expressly naming also Peter of Milan and Paulinus of Aquileia among the bishops of Germany, Gaul, and Britain, and other venerable men, omitted to name my dear Alcuin. Perhaps at the time of the celebrated Council he was in his homeland, since I read in his life that he asked leave from the king to return, and, having finished what he wished, went back to Francia. This, however, we know for certain: that Elipandus, when he was condemned at Frankfurt, again attached himself to Felix; and Paulinus, in the book sacros. , pronounces an anathema against both of them, while Adrian, the Supreme Pontiff, in his letter does so only against Elipandus. *.*.*. The rest is missing in the autograph. EPISTLE CCLII. TO JOHANNES TOBIAS MAJOR. S.D. Thomas Reinesius. Fena. I thought that I had persuaded you concerning the mind of the Felicians about the adoptive sonship of Christ the man, since I was relying on authentic records for that matter. But you, timidly indeed and with some reserve, assert that those records are no less suspect in credibility than the acts of the Council of Frankfurt itself. I should not wish you to be driven so far; for you will not be able to escape this by a back door. If I can judge anything, those writings of Felix, Elipandus, Paulinus, and Alcuin, arranged by Quercetanus, are genuine and plainly belong to the very men to whom they are attributed. I shall, however, listen to you if you can bring anything against this; for I know what the bias of a man is apt to do in this kind of matter: it rarely presents the true sense of an opponent, but only so as to serve its own cause. Yet in our affair neither Paulinus nor Alcuin indicated anything of the sort (I do not similarly excuse Adrian) that can be clearly shown from the very words of Felix, which they excerpted from his little book, sometimes in complete and lengthy periods. But since you do not yet believe especially those things which the Felicians taught about the regeneration and adoption of the Son through baptism, I send you to the matter itself and bring you a manuscript to use: from which, if you wish, you will understand not only Alcuin, but also Paulinus, whom you said had kept silent on this point, condemning the same things in the very words they themselves produced. I had boldly appealed to writings which I had thumbed through and had in hand. You deny it with even greater confidence, simply because you have not seen them, which is ungenerous. I did not wish to reply further now, since it seemed that what you could learn from the writers themselves would suffice; and once that is done, if anything of doubt still troubles you, it is within my right to produce it and bring it against you. I did not reject the term because it was not Greek, but because you had written that it was opposed by the authorities in an old writing; I asked you to name them to me, which perhaps you are not yet able to do. Meanwhile, it stands that the word has been discarded by the grammarians, and therefore
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 319 ea vitandum, tanquam scopulum. Idem de Telamone sentio. Vitruvius enim ab Architectis Romanis, & maximam partem idiotis, sic appellari sustentaculum & quamvis insinuat. Eum secutus est Servius ad 1. Æneid. Atlas Latine Telamon dicitur, inquiens: at a quibus Latinis Magister? Ipsa Vitruvii dubitatio seu ignoratio, quid ita, aut quare sui adpellant e medio & vulgi fæce petitum esse innuit. Est autem, quod Vitruvium docere possum, e Græcis desumpta; hi magna onera sustinentes vocant, tanquam labore & patientia sua miseros, , quam vulgus architectorum & corrupit in Telamonas; sed quam Latini scriptores in censum vere Latinarum nondum retulerunt. Quid Græcis habes apud Pollucem & Heychium, id recipitur recte; latinorum, quem Vitruvius introduxit est, & seponitur merito a copia vere Latinorum. Facies, nisi glandibus vesci malis, cum fruges suppetunt. Bene vale & salve, cum venerando Parente, anime mi. Alternb. 5. Septemb. a. 1646. Dn. M. Sagittario per te, nisi grave est, gratulor de obtenta sparta, simulque quantum possum, precor. EPISTOLA CCLIII. JOANNI KIRCHMANNO. S. D. Gerardus Ioannes Vossius. Lubeacam. Sive aliquid in me est, quod impellere te potuerit ad me amandum; sane gaudeo: sive non est, tamen errore hoc tuo lubens fruar. Equidem feci te semper plurimi ob excellentem interiorum litterarum doctrinam, atque hoc satis per se erat ad nos conciliandos. Quanto nunc magis id fieri a me æquum est, cum literis tuis benevolentiam testatus sis prior? Quod vero hactenus iis non responderim: infortunii potius est, quam voluntatis. Gravis enim & diuturnus Uxoris morbus impediit: qui ne publico quidem muneri vacare me semper sivit. Iustissimum alioqui fuerat, ut negotiis omnibus respondendi cura præverteret, & si non aliter, saltem scriptiuncula tralatitia adfectum vicissim testarer meum. Quid enim inter eruditos, quos humanitas imprimis decet, turpius fuerit, quam si ne epistolari quidem officio mutuum præstare honorem sciant: aut si amorem & deferenti & merenti, non eundem pari referant mensura aut majori. Atque eo id magis nunc exigebatur, quia dono etiam obstringere me tibi voluisti: monumento nempe ingenii tui, docto sane & laboriolo. Quod quanto ego accuratius lego, tanto magis jucunda ejus, nec fructuosa minus lectione oblector. Pluraque de præclaro & immortali hoc opere adderem, sed quia me meaque literis ipse extollis tuis: alibi sane (nam doctissimi cujusque scriptis celebrari mereris) commodius id fiet, quam hoc loco: ne videar epistolam tuam imitari, mutuoque potius gratificari, quam pro meritis efferre virtutes tuas. Propediem prælo subjiciam nostros de Lingua Latina comentarios: qui partim censuram continent: partim origines exponunt. Vicissim scire desidero, ecquid literarum sub manibus
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LETTERS OF MEN. 319 that is to be avoided, as a reef. I think the same about Telamon. For Vitruvius, by Roman architects, and for the most part by unlearned men, hints that it is so called a support and, although he suggests it. Servius followed him on the 1st book of the Aeneid : Atlas is called Telamon in Latin, he says: but by which Latins, master? Vitruvius’ own hesitation, or ignorance, indicates that the word, why or how they so call it, has been taken from the dregs of the common people. But there is this, which I can teach you about Vitruvius: it is taken from the Greeks; they call those who support great burdens, as if by their labor and patience they make the wretched, which the common run of architects has corrupted into Telamones; but the Latin writers have not yet included it in the count of truly Latin words. What you have from the Greeks in Pollux and Hesychius is rightly received; what Vitruvius introduced among the Latins is set aside, and justly, from the abundance of truly Latin terms. Farewell, and be well, with your venerable Father, my dear friend. Altenb. 5 Sept. 1646. Through you, to Dn. M. Sagittarius, unless it is troublesome, I congratulate him on having obtained the prize, and at the same time I pray, as much as I can. EPISTLE CCLIII. TO JOANN KIRCHMANN. S. D. Gerardus Ioannes Vossius. From Lübeck. Whether there is something in me that could have moved you to love me; certainly I rejoice: if there is not, still I shall gladly enjoy this mistake of yours. Indeed I have always held you in the highest esteem, because of your excellent learning in the inner disciplines of letters, and this alone was enough in itself to win me over. How much more just it is now that I should do so, since by your letters you have shown your goodwill first? As for my not having replied to them so far: that is due rather to misfortune than to unwillingness. For a serious and long-lasting illness of my wife has been an obstacle: and this has not even allowed me always to be free for my public duties. Otherwise it would have been most proper that the care of replying should have taken precedence over all other business, and if not otherwise, at least by a brief note I should have reciprocally shown my affection. For among scholars, whom civility especially ought to become, what would be more disgraceful than if they do not even know how to render mutual honor in the epistolary duty; or if they do not return affection to one who shows and deserves it, in the same measure or a greater one? And for that reason this was all the more required now, because you wished also to bind me by a gift: namely, by a monument of your talent, certainly learned and laborious. The more carefully I read it, the more I am delighted by its reading, which is no less fruitful than pleasant. And I would add more about this splendid and immortal work, but because in your letters you yourself extol both me and my writings: it will certainly be more suitably done elsewhere (for you deserve to be celebrated by the writings of every most learned man) than in this place, lest I seem to imitate your letter, and to return favor rather than to praise your virtues as they deserve. Very soon I shall send to press our commentaries on the Latin Language: which partly contain criticism, partly explain origins. In turn I wish to know whether there are any letters under hand
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bus habeas, quod volitare gestiat per manus & ora doctorum. Opto equi- dem, eo impensis, quia post excessum Scaligeri, Casauboni, Lipsii, Gru- teri, & quorundam aliorum, paucos adeo reperias, quibus Φιλολογία mul- tum debeat. Super sunt Salmasius, Meursius, Scriverius (quamquam hic jam cessare quodammodo videtur) & duo, tresve alii; summum vix totidem, quot Thebani portæ, vel divitis ostia Nili. Tanto magis significa, quid agas, quid musineris. Nec enim abdicasse te scribendi studium crediderim. Quod ut esset, tamen scribe. Nihil enim assatu tuo mihi jucundius futurum. Quod si sæpiuscule dare ad nos literas non recuses: minime patiar, ut eo in officio li- bra præponderet tua. Neque tamen ut crebro me compelles rogo: quia scio, modo ego non decero, sponte etiam te mutua amicitiæ præstiturum. Vides, quæ mihi de humanitate tua pollicear. Winterfeldium, quem mihi commen- dasti, & quoscunque deinceps commendatione dignos putabis, eosmihi com- mendatissimos fore scias. Neque enim committam, ut quicquam in me de- siderent, modo consilium vel operam nostram exposcere non graventur. Hoc tibi certo persuadeas velim. Non enim existimationem tuam fallam. Hæc habui, quæ scriberem. Vale Vir Clarissime & nos porro ama. Lugd. Bat. c13 13c XXVIII. Postr. Id Mart. EPISTOLA CCLIV. JOANNES FREDERICUS GRONOVIUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Lubecam. SI Famæ tuæ amplissima celebritas, & scriptorum aureorum, quibus hanc debes, illa autem ingenio inexhausto & edecumato judicio tuo, biga, Ioannes Kirchmanne vir clarissime, nondum tibi sunt fastidio, nec dividix erunt hæ litteræ, quas istis ad cultum tui jamdudum devotissimum adactus ani- mus dictavit. Etsi enim magnam fronti vim facere sum coactus, cujus tene- ritudo sustinere nolebat alloquium opicum sane & inelegans Viri omnium ele- gantiarum pleni, tamen & mentem dedit inveteratus ille mos in Humani- tatis studiosis, ut apud vos Epoptas veluti, nomina sua profiterentur, qui in Mystarum esse cupiebant censu, & confirmavit audaciam, de comitate tua opinio, quam experiri mihi non spero nequiter quid expetat. Accipe igi- tur inter nominis tui cultores me quoque, Vir magne, quem diu habuisti qui- dem, & ab eo tempore quo primus litterarum gustus salivam mihi movit. Novisti autem nondum: at impetra ab animo tuo, ut invisum etiam ames, qui invisum te venerari voluit. Nec asymbolus ad te veniam, aut alienus ab iis sacris, quibus tu jam pridem literato orbi te commendasti, quod ut videas, age demitte te ad censuram pauculorum, quæ aliud nonnunquam agentibus ex- cidunt, & magno acervo constipata, quod privatum a summis olim viris C Bar- thio, Virdungo, Pareis, Goldasto, Grotio, Lindenbrogio meruerunt, publice accupari judicium non verebuntur. Excerpam, quæ non longe abeunt a Fu- neralibus tuis. Ovid. Lib. I. de Pont. Eleg. X. Ille
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... so that it may delight to fly through the hands and mouths of scholars. Indeed, I wish it would, for this reason: since after the passing of Scaliger, Casaubon, Lipsius, Gruter, and certain others, you can scarcely find a few to whom Philologia owes much. There remain Salmasius, Meursius, Scriverius (though the last now seems in a way to be withdrawing), and two or three others; at most scarcely as many as the gates of Thebes, or the entrances of rich Nile. So much the more, then, make known what you are doing, what you are occupied with. For I should not believe that you have renounced the study of writing. And if that were so, still write. For nothing would be more agreeable to me than your correspondence. And if you do not refuse to send us letters fairly often, I shall by no means allow mine to outweigh yours in this duty. Yet I do not ask you to press me with letters too frequently: because I know that, if I do not fail you, you too will of your own accord show mutual friendship. You see what I promise myself from your kindness. Winterfeld, whom you recommended to me, and whoever else you shall hereafter think worthy of recommendation, you may know will be very warmly recommended by me. For I shall not permit them to lack anything in me, provided only they do not shrink from asking my advice or help. I wish you to be firmly persuaded of this. I shall not disappoint your good opinion. This is all I had to write. Farewell, most distinguished Sir, and continue to love us. Lugd. Bat. c13 13c XXVIII. Postr. Id. Mart. EPISTLE CCLIV. JOANNES FREDERICUS GRONOVIUS. S. D. To Ioannes Kirchmann. From Lübeck. IF the great celebrity of your fame, and the pair of golden writings to which you owe it, while the other you owe to your inexhaustible wit and thoroughly polished judgment, Ioannes Kirchmann, most distinguished man, are not yet tiresome to you, nor will these letters be disagreeable, which a heart long since devoted to your cultivation has dictated for you. For although I was forced to put great pressure on my brow, whose delicacy was unwilling to bear the troublesome and certainly inelegant address of a man full of all refinements, nevertheless an old custom among lovers of the humanities also gave me courage: namely, that among you as among the Epoptae , those who wished to be counted among the initiated would profess their names; and my boldness was confirmed by the opinion of your courtesy, which I do not hope to experience badly. Receive therefore me also, great Sir, among the cultivators of your name—me whom for a long time you have indeed had, and since the time when my first taste of letters stirred my appetite. You do not yet know me; yet obtain this from your mind, that you may love even one unknown, who wished to reverence you though unknown. Nor do I come to you ungifted, nor alien to those rites by which you long ago commended yourself to the learned world; and that you may see this, consider descending to the judgment of a few things which sometimes slip out while men are engaged in other matters, and, crowded together in a great heap, will not fear to be publicly judged, though they have earned this from the great men of former times—C. Barthius, Virdungus, Pareus, Goldastus, Grotius, Lindenbrogius. I shall excerpt those things which do not depart far from your Funeral Orations. Ovid, Book I, De Ponto , Elegy X. He...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 321 Ille tibi exequias & magni funus honoris Fecit, & ingelidos fudit amoma sinus. Ita vulgo; alii vertit aroma. MSS. Prekheneri Bib. vertit amoma. lego. Fecit & ingelidos vergit amoma si nus, cujus sane fudit glossa est. Notum est - - - - in vergit vina sacerdos; idque verbum active apud Lucanum, Senecam Tragicum invenis. Benedictus Paulinus de vita Martini lib. IV. Ut via constratis solidata atque edita saxis Vergeret effusos in concava subdita nimbos. Hinc orta vox Verser, quæ hodieque Gallis est profundere, infundere. Statius lib. v. Silvar. carm. ultimo, quod Epicedium est: quæ culpa, quis error? Quem luimus tantis maroribus, ecce lacertis Viscera nostra tenens, animaque avellitur infans. C. Barthius noster legit pro lacertis, lacessis lib. XIII. Adverl. c.x. malim ego - - - - - ecce lacertis Viscera nostra tenens, animamque avellitur infans. Tyrannorum impotentium est lacertis parentum liberos avellere, natosque a stirpe recentes Abripere altricum gremiis ut Statius loquitur, & sub intuitu eorundem trucidare. Tam crudeliter ergo mortem sævire dicit Statius, quæ, quem ut viscera sua habebant, quique ipsorum viscerum & animæ partem habebant, complexu parentum avulsit, sic hoc libro: Sed te, ceu virginitate jugatum Visceribus totis animoque amplexa fovebat. Hieronymus epist. ad Marcum prælbyterum Celedrensem: jam jam cedo, abruperunt partem a me anima mea carissimos fratres. Martialis lib. III. Epigr. LXXXI. Laxior hexaphoris tua sit lectica licebit Dum tamen hac tua sit, Zoile, sandapila. Sic placuit Scriverio. MSS. Puckheimeri; proximus bonitate post Gruteri Palatinum, cujus & recensitorem Torquatum Gennadium præ se ferebat. Cum tamen. Itaque exstat in editione Bulierii Lugduni Ao. 1565. excusa. Et Hadrianus Iunius in vetere suo invenit. Sandapila est. Nec secus Gruterus in suo, imo & in suis inventum rejecit tamen Scriverius, & ingenue fatetur, adeo obtuso se esse ingenio, ut argutiam hanc capere non possit. Annon dignum hoc mirari? sensus planissimus in illo: Cum tamen hac tua sit, Zoile, sandapila est Quamvis istalaxissima & non decente sordes ac foeditatem tuam lectica feraris, non tamen ab hominibus lecticaca esse judicatur; sed vilis sandapila, quia tua est, id est tu, homo spureissimus, imo vivum cadaver ea gestaris. Geminus germanus locus lib. VI. Epigr. LXXVII. Invid: osa tibi quam sit lectica, requiris, Non debes ferri mortuus hexaphoro. SC Nolo
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LETTERS OF MEN. 321 He made for you the obsequies and the funeral of great honor, and poured warm perfumes into the cold bosom. So generally; others read aroma . The MSS. of Prekhe-neri, the library, read amoma ; I read. He made and pours warm perfumes into the bosom; of which, indeed, “poured” is the gloss. It is known - - - - “the priest pours wine”; and you find that verb used actively in Lucan and in Seneca the Tragicus. Benedictus Paulinus, De vita Martini , book IV. As the road, strengthened and raised with paved stones, Poured down the gathered storms into the hollow places below. Hence arose the word Verser , which even today among the French means to pour, to infuse. Statius, book V of the Silvæ , in the last poem, which is an epicedium: What fault, what error? We, whom with such great grief we lament, behold, in his arms Holding our entrails, the infant is torn away from his soul. Our Barthius reads lacertis instead of lacessis , book XIII, chapter X of the Adversaria ; I myself would prefer - - - - behold, in his arms Holding our entrails, the infant is torn away from his soul. It is the mark of impotent tyrants to tear children from their parents’ arms, and to snatch the newly born from the stock, as Statius says, from their nurses’ breasts, and under the very eyes of those same parents to butcher them. So cruelly, therefore, does death rage, says Statius, when it tears from the embrace of their parents those whom it had as its own entrails, and who had a part in those very entrails and in the soul; so in this book: But you, as though bound by virginity, He cherished, embraced with all his entrails and with his whole soul. Jerome, epistle to Marcus the presbyter of Celenra: “Now, now I give way; they have torn from me my most dear brothers, a part of my soul.” Martial, book III, Epigram LXXXI. Your litter may be more spacious with six bearers, So long as, Zoilus, it is still your sandapila. Thus Scriverius preferred it. The MSS. of Puckheimer; next in quality after Gruter’s Palatine codex, whose reviewer also displayed Torquatus Gennadius before him. Nevertheless. And so it appears in the edition printed at Lyon by Buliere in the year 1565. And Hadrianus Junius found it in his old manuscript. It is sandapila . Nor does Gruter differ, indeed he rejected what was found in his own manuscripts too; yet Scriverius, and candidly admits that he is so dull-witted that he cannot grasp this wit. Is this not worthy of admiration? The meaning in this line is perfectly plain: “So long as, Zoilus, it is still your sandapila.” Although you are carried in that very broad and unseemly litter, burdened with your filth and foulness, nevertheless it is not judged to be a litter carried by men; but a vile sandapila, because it is yours, that is, because you, most impure man, indeed a living corpse, are borne in it. A twin and parallel passage in book VI, Epigram LXXVII. You ask how close your litter is: You ought not, dead man, to be carried on a six-horse litter. SC I do not wish
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Nolo plura addere, memineris ad Alcioum mittere me poma, & ex pau- pere tugurio ad favillas comportare carbones forte pro thesauro. Potuissem autem unius horum scriptorum aliquot tentare loca, sed quia doctissimo illo li- bro tuo non inconvenientia volebam, ita Miscellas emendationis sub incudem acuminis tui revocavi: Quibuscum tibi quid velis agere, sive presso sive in- verso pollice licet. Quicquid autem velis, ut me amare & suavissimis litteris tuis non indignum prima occasione æstimare, (quævis autem mora mihi hic tarda) non nolis, per omnia sacra te oro & obtector. Salve & vale præcipuum nostri ævi decus & fautoribus meis non invitus adjungere. Hamburgi IX. Kal. Septembr. A. CICIDXXXIII. EPISTOLA CCLV. JOANNES FREDERICUS GRONOVIUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Nescio, vir Clarissime utrum ego minus consuluerim pudori meo, cum inficetis litteris ausus fui sanctis occupationibus tuis motam facere, an vero tu humanitati, qui ad amicitiam a tam devoto nominis tui cultore, qui hujus causa pudorem suum insuper habuit, invitatus, fastum me jubes pati, & tuarum desiderio torques. Saltem objeceris mihi per tuas: Odi profanum vulgus et arceo: & magnis me excidisse putarem ausis, nec inter spei metusque divortia animus nec diffidentia nec exspectatione vacuus distraheretur. Nun- quam adeo a litteris, quæ plurimum tibi debent, alienatum me senties, ut vel male a te habitus famam & merita tua, parvi ducere præsumam, non secus ac magnæ impotentiæ vel impietatis potius indicium est, Diis etiam sævientibus & iratis irasci, quamvis sine viribus ira. Itaque vide an patientia mea mereatur diutius a te tentari, sitve dignius una opera te salvare & pudorem meum & tuam humanitatem, cujus æstimium magis me fecit audacem, quam illa seculo nota Eruditis. De meo sive in litteras, sive in te affectu scio, dubitare te non patere- tur scriptionis nostræ simplicitas, quæ sine fuco & fallaciis sic agit, ut bonos inter agier oportet; si tamen prudente nimis es diffidentia, de utroque testabuntur tibi abunde amici utriusque nostrum H. Vagetius & Fr. Lindebrogius. A qui- bus, ut a me, salve officiosissime & publico bono vale. Responsionem tuam postridie crastini certo exspecto, destinatam in æde M. Joach. Damckeri auff St Niclas Kirchhoff: nec ultra octiduum hic morabor, Lares paternos, qui sunt Bremæ ad Visurgim, repetiturus Prid. Kal. Septembr. A[nn]o CICIDXXXIII. Hamburgi. EPI-
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Most dear and most learned. I do not wish to add more, but remember that I sent apples to Alcio, and from a poor hut I carried coals as if for treasure from the ashes. I could, however, have tried several passages from one or another of these writers, but because I wished them not to be out of keeping with that very learned book of yours, I have brought back the Miscellanea of emendation under the anvil of your keen wit. With them, do with them what you will, whether with thumb pressed down or turned up. But whatever you choose, I beg and implore you by every sacred thing not to refuse to count me worthy, at the first opportunity, of your love and of your sweetest letters, and not to deem me unworthy of them; for any delay here seems to me slow. Farewell, and live, chief ornament of our age, and join, not unwillingly, to my supporters. Hamburg, the 9th day before the Kalends of September, A. 1633. EPISTLE CCLV. JOANNES FREDERICUS GRONOVIUS. S. D. To Ioannes Kirchmann. I do not know, most distinguished sir, whether I have consulted my own modesty less by daring, with my unpolished letters, to disturb your sacred occupations, or whether you have consulted your humanity less, who, when invited to friendship by so devoted a worshipper of your name—one who even for this reason has borne his own shame besides—bid me endure your pride and torment me with longing for your letters. At least you have confronted me in yours: “I hate the profane crowd and keep it away”; and I should think that I had fallen short of great undertakings, and that my mind would be distracted between hope and fear, neither devoid of hesitation nor of expectation. You will never find me so estranged from letters, which owe you so much, that, even if I were ill treated by you, I would presume to hold your reputation and merits in low esteem; for it is no less a sign of great weakness, or rather impiety, to be angry even with the gods when they rage and are enraged, though anger be without strength. Consider, then, whether my patience deserves to be tested by you any longer, or whether it would be more fitting in one act to preserve both my modesty and your humanity, whose esteem has made me bolder than that reputation known to the learned in this age. As for my affection, whether toward letters or toward you, the simplicity of my writing, which proceeds without affectation and deceit as things ought to be conducted among good men, will not, I know, allow you to doubt it; but if your distrust is too cautious, our mutual friends, H. Vagetius and Fr. Lindebrogius, will abundantly testify to both on behalf of us both. From them, as from me, farewell most respectfully, and be well for the public good. I certainly await your reply tomorrow, addressed to the house of M. Joach. Damcker, at St. Niclas Kirchhoff; nor shall I remain here more than eight days longer, since I am to return to my paternal home, which is at Bremen on the Weser, on the day before the Kalends of September, in the year 1633. Hamburg. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 323 EPISTOLA CCLVI. JOANNES FREDERICUS GRONOVIUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Lubecam. Reverende & Clarissime vir, Domine & amice magne, cum ad te priores meas, quas festinatissime recenti doloris impatientia, atque ideo forte satis impolitas extorsi, male conciliato animo, darem, oblitus sum causam dicere repentini abitus mei, qui ne valedicere quidem Tibi patiebatur. Atqui præcipua causa, quæ Lubecæ aliquamdiu commorari me velle fecerat, erat te de proximo admirari & frequentissime oris tui nectar haurire. Qua me felicitate cito extorrem spes falsa reddidit. Jubebat per litteras D[omi]n[us] Decanus sine mora me redire Hamburgum, unde adjunctus comitatui amplissimo legatorum Reverendissimo Archiepiscopi Francofurtum ire liceret, nec expectandæ essent nundinæ. Istas cum circiter tertiam pomeridianam acciperem abditus tunc in Bibliothecam Pincieri nostri, quæ in Ecclesia Cathedrali clausa; post quartam convasatis momento resculis Lubeca excessi, sed iniquitas quoque fatibic me invenit: jam enim illi abierant, & parate dederant operam, ne qua essent iter facturi, aut ubi prima nocte moraturi innotesceret. Ita nolens volens hic substiti, & verterunt interea rationem cognatimei, quorum consilia præceptorum sunt instar, Argentina Groningam, quo me vertam, quam primum linteis, quæ in vestitu sunt, paulo redditus fuero instructior. Nam & hæc in Morboniam inqua sors detulit cum chartulis. Quarum amissionem quod æquo animo ferre me jubes tam amicis literis, velut malagmate mitigavisti ulcerosum locum, & omen mihi dedit casus similis, quem recenses, tuus: quanquam nulla ibi malitia nec inclusa dubio procul habuit fasciculus ille, quæ strabos faciunt surum oculos. Antiquum est, aliquid mali propter vicinum malum, & apud Maronem, Mantua va misera nimium vicina Cremona! ut ludendo fallamus sensum doloris. Brocmannus commodo ad me invisebat cum tuæ mihi redderentur. Is salute officiose dicta etiam nunc fatetur proptissimam voluntatem Revaliæ provinciam illum subeundi, modo de sumptibus itineris ipsi aliqua fiat provisio. Itaque cum desiderio expectabat responsum tuum, quod, si per negocia licet, ego quoque properos oro. Æternum debebit tibi optimo ingenio, optimeque exculto juvenis, ut in magna jam spe est sublevandi fortunas suas, ideoque omnibus momentis ad iter pransus paratus, ut loquebantur veteres. Hoc magis quod jamdudum amicitiam colit cum quodam Vialpio, qui ut ipse ait, Rostochio Revaliam vocatus est. Vale præcipuum Germaniæ decus & me amare perge. Hamburgi. IV. Kal. Mart. an. CICICXXXIV. Sf 2 EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 323 LETTER CCLVI. JOANNES FREDERICUS GRONOVIUS. S. D. To Ioannes Kirchmannus. Lubeck. Reverend and most illustrious sir, lord and great friend, when I sent to you my earlier letters, which I had wrung from myself in the greatest haste, under the recent impatience of grief, and therefore perhaps in not a little disorder, with my mind ill composed, I forgot to tell the cause of my sudden departure, which would not even permit me to take my leave of you. Yet the chief reason that had made me wish to remain for some time in Lübeck was to admire you close at hand and most frequently to draw in the nectar from your lips. Of this happiness false hope soon deprived me. The Dean ordered by letter that I should without delay return to Hamburg, from where, joined to the very distinguished company of the envoys, I might go with the most reverend Archbishop to Frankfurt, and no market fair need be awaited. When I received those letters about the third hour after noon, I was then hidden in our Pincier’s library, which is shut in the Cathedral Church; after four o’clock, having in a moment packed up my few things, I left Lübeck, but the injustice of fate found me too: for already they had gone, and had taken care to make it impossible for anyone to know whither they were to travel, or where they were to lodge the first night. Thus, willing or unwilling, I have remained here, and meanwhile the plans of my relatives, whose counsel stands in place of commands, have changed from Årgritten to Groningen, whither I shall turn as soon as I am somewhat better supplied with linen, which is part of my clothing. For these too I have been brought, by Fortune, into Morbonia, with my papers. You bid me bear the loss of them with equanimity in such friendly letters; by them you have, as it were, soothed the sore spot with a healing balm, and your own similar accident, which you recount, gave me a kind of omen: although there was surely no malice there, nor without doubt any hidden purpose in that packet which makes squinting eyes. It is an old saying that one must expect some evil because of a neighboring evil, and in Maro: “Poor Mantua, too near to unlucky Cremona!” so that by jesting we may deceive the sense of pain. Brocmann was paying me a convenient visit when your letters were delivered to me. After courteously conveying his greetings, he still now declares his very ready willingness to undertake the office in Reval, provided some provision is made for the expenses of the journey. And so he was eagerly awaiting your reply, which, if business allows, I too beg you to send promptly. That excellent young man, of the best disposition and best educated, already, as he hopes, in a great way of improving his fortunes, will owe you an everlasting debt; and therefore he is ready for the journey at every moment, like those old writers say: “after dinner, prepared to travel.” All the more so because for a long time now he has cultivated friendship with a certain Vialpius, who, as he himself says, was summoned from Rostock to Reval. Farewell, chief ornament of Germany, and continue to love me. Hamburg, the 4th day before the Kalends of March, in the year 1634. Sf 2 EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA CCLVII. JOANNES FREDERICUS GRONOVIUS. S. D. Ioanni Kirchmanno. Lubecam. Ibuit pro singulari mea tui observantia amicitiæ hæc salutatoria munera recordiri. Sic enim a te discessi, ut illam sinceram & perpetuam esse vellem: sic me dimisisti, ut penes te nostri memoriam. Quamquam festina- tio abitus mei extremam salutationem parare mihi non sinceret, istarum partium culpa corum erat, qui falsum mihi gaudium revilendi ad cupitas academias Germaniæ, & præcipue Berneggerum nostrum tollebant. Id quod aliter expetivisse a Pinciero nostro inaudivisse te puto. Venimus enim Groningam postea, locum omni humanitate & humanitatis cultoribus vacuum. Itaque vervecum in patria mihi esse rebar. Inde evocatus sum Hagam Comitis, ut juniori Principi Landsbergensi Palatino magni Arausionensium principis ex Sorore nepoti a studiis essem. Sed quia ea res ab Theologis, & ipsorum di- scipulis agebatur, non satis feliciter successere omnia. Narrarem feriem istius expeditionis, si repetita mihi toties cambre te quoque occidere vellem. Post magnos sumptus frustra impensos, & nonnullas itinerum molestias, quæ ta- men hæc habuerunt commodi: quod aspectum mihi & affectum magnorum virorum, Vossii, Salmasii, Heinsi, Scriverii donarunt, excussi ambitus ju- gum, nec sustinui inter ambiguam spem & metum hærere. Forte Amstelodami cum essem, vir Nobilissimus Mich. Pavius me adiit, & quia ex Vossii commen- datione ipsi innotueram, magnidicis promissis in ædes suas, filii sui & fratris magnæ spei adolescentium studiorum ordinandi gratia, pellicere voluit. Ita- que cum denuo post dimissam istam cogitationem me repeteret, non potui diutius contraire verbis, quæ cælo possent deducere lunam, simul ut ratio con- staret mihi apud cognatos sumptuum, conditionem accepi. Apud eum jam vivo satis liberaliter & honeste habitus: stipendum mihi annuum C. imperialium: mensa cum domino communis: Cætera omnia litterarum otio valde conve- nientia. Fratrum Heri mei unus advocatus Hollandiæ (quam Oldenbarnevelt ultimam dignitatem ante casum obivit) nunc legatus illustriss. Ordinum ad Re- gem Galliæ Parisiis agit: alter ad confæderatos Germaniæ Principes cum Suecis Francofurti: Tertius, cujus filius alter ex discipulis meis, Senator in su- prema curia Hagæ est: Meus eques est D. Marci & Exscabinus hujus Reipu- blicæ. Sed quid hæc ad te? non ingratum tamen forte fuerit audire amici for- tunam, qui te nihil humanius vidit, nisi pares forte tibi heroes hic litterarum statores. Cl. Vossii Bibliotheca mihi patet; nec minus ampliss. viri Suffridi Sixtini, quondam Mauritio Hassiæ a consiliis, qui neminiæ Gruterianorum pegnatum omnia cum pulvisculis post obitum summi viri Francofurti coemit: Neque cessatur ab istis omnibus in re literaria promovenda. C. Salmasii Ar- nobius excusus est, & notæ quot horis a typographo exspectantur. Ipse in- terea
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MOST DISTINGUISHED AND MOST LEARNED. LETTER CCLVII. JOANNES FREDERICUS GRONOVIUS. S. D. To Ioannes Kirchmann. Lubec. It was fitting, in consideration of my singular regard for you, to recall these tokens of friendship. For I parted from you in such a way that I wished that friendship to be sincere and lasting; and you dismissed me in such a way that the memory of us might remain with you. Although the haste of my departure did not permit me to prepare a final farewell, the fault in that matter was theirs, who were holding out to me the false joy of returning to the desired universities of Germany, and especially to our Bernegger. This, I think, you have heard from our Pincier, who wished it otherwise. For we came afterwards to Groningen, a place empty of all humanity and of cultivators of humanity. Thus I thought myself to be among sheep in my native land. From there I was summoned to The Hague, to be in charge of the studies of the younger Prince of Landsberg, a Palatine nephew of the great Prince of Orange through his sister. But because that matter was handled by the theologians and their disciples, everything succeeded not very happily. I would describe the course of that expedition, if I wished to kill you as often as it had been repeated to me. After great expenses incurred in vain, and certain inconveniences of travel, which nevertheless had this advantage, that they granted me the sight and acquaintance of great men, Vossius, Salmasius, Heinsius, and Scriverius, I shook off the yoke of ambition, and did not endure to hang between uncertain hope and fear. By chance, while I was at Amsterdam, the most noble Mich. Pavius came to see me, and because I had become known to him through Vossius’s recommendation, he tried to attract me with splendid promises into his house, for the sake of directing the studies of his son and his brother’s son, young men of great promise. So when, after abandoning that plan, he approached me again, I could no longer resist words that might draw down the moon from the sky; and, in order that the matter might also be acceptable to my relatives with regard to expenses, I accepted the condition. I now live with him, treated with sufficient liberality and honor: my yearly stipend is 100 imperiali: my table is shared with my master: all the rest is very suitable for literary leisure. One of the brothers of my host is advocate of Holland—an office which Oldenbarnevelt held as his last dignity before his fall—and is now ambassador of the most illustrious States to the King of France at Paris; another is with the confederate German princes and the Swedes at Frankfurt; a third, whose son is one of my pupils, is senator in the supreme court at The Hague: my host himself is a Knight of St. Mark and an ex-schepen of this Republic. But what has this to do with you? Still, perhaps it will not be unwelcome to hear the fortune of a friend who has seen nothing more humane than you, unless perhaps there are here equals of yours among the heroes of letters. The library of the distinguished Vossius is open to me; and no less that of the most illustrious Suffridus Sixtinus, once a councillor to Maurice of Hesse, who bought up all the books of the Gruterians, together with their dust, after the death of the great man at Frankfurt. Nor are all these men idle in promoting letters. Salmasius’s Arnobius has been printed, and the notes are expected from the printer every hour. Meanwhile I myself...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 325 terea commentario de re vestiaria rogatu amicorum quorundam, adornando istum laborem diffidit, qui fere affectus est. Heinsius notas in Novum Testamentum absolvit, opus summæ expectationis. Vossii commentarius satis prolixus de omni re grammatica editus est, sed præfatio nondum addita arcet umbilicos. Alii alia moliuntur. In amplexu autem tam gnavorum luctatorum an tu putas nostram omnino alacritatem pigrari? qui potest? Reversi ergo ad invisas ejuratasque Camænas forte propediem dabimus, quod Phoebi corticam redoleat. De quo nunc silere melius. Interim, tu vir magne, Vale & memorem manere mei litterulis aliquibus ostende. Ab hac hora illas desiderare incipiam. Amstelod. propriid. Kal. Ianuar. An. c13. I3CXXXV, quem felicissime tibi tuisque decurrere voveo. EPISTOLA CCLVIII. CLAUDIO SALMASIO. S. D Ioannes Fredericus Gronovius. Multum debeo tibi, vir maxime, quod [uncia] illud Antecessoris, ut appellari malunt, mecum communicasti. Is si est, quem suspicor, & legisti ejus censurasin scriptorem, quantus patuit tibi? nam J Ctum esse hactenus non nisi discipulis ejus & famæ credidimus. Ego librum istum semel apud amicum aliud agendo inspexi, cum statim sub oculos veniret, quod scribit p. 59. Verba ejus, si pateris, referam ex scheda, in quam tum, ut domum reverius attentius examinarem, illa conjeci: Qui decorare vult aliquem, eum necesse est [uncia] . Aristoteles plerosque Achaos & Heniochos, qui circa Pontum sedes habebant fuisse memorat, qui horum capacitati honestum nomen ponere velit eos appellabat. Dionysium Juniorem tyrannum dicit Athenaeus lib. XII. nihil enim vilius quam stipem cogere; at Xenophon Calliam, qui itidem famulus erat Idæa matris, vocat lib. VI. Histor. Gr. ille ut infelicem Tyranni casum cum splendore tanta fortuna componeret, rem quantum potuit, maxime deturpavit: Hic vero plusculum ei tribuit, ne contemnere videretur, qui publico munere fungebatur. Agnoscis errorum plaustrum. Habuit ob oculos locum Aristotelis lib. III. Rhetor. c. II. quo videri voluit sapientior. Aristoteli enim tribuit fuisse quosdam, quos vocari posse ut suum proponit. At Aristoteles ait, cum re vera essent ipsos vocitasse se . Rursum Philosophus ait Calliam vocari , ab Iphicrate appellatum , quem salem cum non caperet Callias, dixit Ephicratem . Noster fingit prob. VI. causam cur a Xenophonte Callia vocetur , & fuisse famulum Idæa matris, quod utrumque falsissimum. Fuisse enim revera , idque in Elensiniis, apparet ex Plutarcho, Aristophane, aliis & hoc ipso loco Aristotelis. Pari judicio notat ab Athenæo, vocari Dionysium. Immo Historiam narrat, [uncia]
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LETTERS OF MEN. 325 furthermore, at the request of certain friends, he despaired of preparing that work on the apparel question, which is now almost finished. Heinsius has completed his notes on the New Testament, a work of the highest expectation. Vossius’s commentary on every grammatical matter has been published at sufficient length, but the preface not yet added keeps the volume back. Others are undertaking other things. But in the embrace of such eager wrestlers, do you think our own zeal is in any way to grow sluggish? Who could? Therefore, having returned to the hated and renounced Muses, we shall perhaps soon offer something that smells of the bark of Phoebus. But it is better to be silent about that now. Meanwhile, do you, great man, farewell, and show by a few letters that you remain mindful of me. From this hour I shall begin to miss them. Amsterdam, on the proper day before the Kalends of January, in the year 1635, which I wish may run most happily for you and yours. LETTER CCLVIII. TO CLAUDIUS SALMASIUS. S. D. Ioannes Fredericus Gronovius. I owe you much, most excellent sir, for communicating to me that [uncia] of the Antecessor, as they prefer to call him. If he is the man whom I suspect, and if you have read his criticisms on the author, how great a figure did he appear to you? For up to now we have believed that he was known only to his pupils and to rumor. I once looked through that book at a friend’s house while occupied with something else, when immediately there met my eye what he writes on p. 59. If you allow, I shall quote his words from the note on which I then copied them down, so that, on returning home, I might examine them more carefully: “Whoever wishes to honor someone must necessarily [uncia].” Aristotle mentions that most of the Achaeans and Heniochi, who had their dwelling around the Pontus, were called so by those who wished to give an honorable name to their status. Athenaeus says, in book XII, that Dionysius the Younger was a tyrant; for nothing is more base than to collect alms; but Xenophon, in book VI of the History of Greece, calls Callias, who was likewise a servant of Idaea’s mother, by that name. The former, in order to match the unhappy downfall of the tyrant with the splendor of so great a fortune, maligned the matter as much as possible; the latter, however, granted him a little more, lest he should seem to despise one who held a public office. You recognize the cartload of errors. He had before his eyes a passage of Aristotle, book III of the Rhetoric, chapter II, by which he wished to appear wiser. For he attributes to Aristotle that there were certain persons whom one could call as he proposes. But Aristotle says that, in fact, they themselves called them so. Again the Philosopher says that Callias is called [something], having been so named by Iphicrates, and when Callias did not understand the joke, he said Ephicrates. Our author invents, in proposition VI, the reason why Callias is called so by Xenophon, and that he was a servant of Idaea’s mother, both of which are utterly false. For that he really was so, and in the Eleusinian rites, appears from Plutarch, Aristophanes, and others, and from this very passage of Aristotle. With equal judgment he notes from Athenaeus that Dionysius is called [something]. Nay, he even tells the story, [uncia]
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Ubi ineptè inter- pres. Cereri stipem emendicando. Hoc primum & ultimum est, quod in eo libro legi. Nec te adeo fugere potuit, si legisti. Volui autem hac occasione proponere, ut tuos potius obelos, & judicium de his meis elicerem: atque hic quidem tolerabiliorem facit alterum illum fungum, qui aliqua tamen bona in tuo deprehendisse fatebatur, atque id pro magno tibi imputabat. Sed nimirum verissimum est, quod ipse sensisti: urit eos, quod plus vidisti, pu- detque ipsos, quæ perpetam olim didicerunt, totque annos docuerunt, in senectute dediscere. Quod profecto homines & probos minime decebat. Scito autem quod ille apud te ambigue minatus est, id pro certo fore affirmasse heri mihi Phænicis vestri Alcanium. Cui tamen fidem non habeo, utpote facile, quod magno emerent ipse paterque ejus credenti. De Tacito amicinostri judicium tuum scire aveo. Sane accuratior textus editus ante- hac nunquam mihi videtur, etsi non pauca sint de quibus longe aliter sentio. Imprimis lib. XIII. ann. c. 55. servarent sane receptos gregibus inter hominum famam: modo ne vastitatem & solitudinem mallent, quam amicos populos, ubi ediderunt receptus & famem, idque commentum conantur allicerre in notis. Mihi, si meministi, satis placebat vulgata. Ut recepti agri, (nam hoc subaudiendum ex præcedentibus) inter hominum famam dicerent, qui inter ambitum habitabilis oræ recepti essent, nec jacerent derelicti. Ubi enim fama, ibi homines & vicissim. Recepti gregibus, quid etsi in illis homines nulli habitarent, si tamen agerentur eo pecora, aut pastum prodirent, homi- nes quoque eodem pervenire necesse esset. Addideramque exemplum ejus lo- cutionis ex vita Agricolæ. Nos terrarum & libertatis extremos recessus, ipse ac sinus famæ in hunc diem defendit. I. sinus oræ habitabilis. Ut fama im- perii in Germania c. 29. dixit pro limite & termino. Deprehendi postea simillimum locum apud Plin. lib. II. cap. LXVIII, qui latissime rura meta- tus fuerit, ultraque famam exegerit accolas. Ita enim M S. Chiffletii & Leidensis uterque, ubi vulgo ignorantia elegantissimæ ejus locutionis: Ultra- que fines. Ubi & respitem ordiri, quod habent iisdem M S. & mihi certis- simum videtur capere editores non potuerim. Sunt & alia nonnulla in Tacito; quæ aliquando selecta ad te mittam. De loco Isocratis si quid amplius. In- terim hoc feram, quod tamen sensus frigidiusculi esse videtur. Pars altera de Usuris an edi cæpta est? ita nuper ajebat Elzevirius mihi, & mutasse te con- silium, ut latiorem invidendi vis in campum aperires. Hæc quæ scripsi, nolim tanti esse tibi, ut obliviscaris si commodum fuerit Hora- tii. Fabricii Iambum accipe, qui non dubito aliquid molestiarum legenti detergebit. Vale nobilissime & maxime vir, meque ama. Hagæ ad prid. Eid. Iun. A[nn]o. c[hris]t[us] IC. XXXVIII. EPI-
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Most illustrious and most learned, you the interpreter bunglingly begging alms from Ceres. This is the first and the last thing that I read in that book. Nor could it have escaped you so completely, if you read it. But I wanted on this occasion to bring it forward, so that I might rather draw out your objections and your judgment on these of mine; and indeed this makes that other fungus somewhat more tolerable, who at least confessed that he had found some good things in yours, and reckoned that as something great to your credit. But surely it is very true, as you yourself felt: it burns them that you saw more, and they are ashamed to unlearn in old age what they once learned by heart and taught for so many years. Which surely became neither men nor honorable men. But know that what that man at your place hinted at ambiguously, Alcanius, your Phoenician, affirmed to me yesterday as certain. I do not, however, trust him, since he and his father would readily believe what they themselves were buying dearly. I am eager to know your judgment on our friend’s Tacitus. Certainly no more accurate text has ever seemed to me to have been published before now, though there are many things about which I think very differently. In the first place, at book XIII of the Annals, chapter 55, “they would indeed preserve those accepted among the herds, in the midst of the common fame of men”: provided only they preferred not waste and solitude to friendly peoples, where they brought forth “accepted settlements and hunger,” and they try to twist that interpretation in the notes. For my part, if you remember, the received reading was quite satisfactory to me. Let them say “accepted lands” — for this must be understood from what precedes — among the common fame of men, that is, among those lands which had been received within the circuit of the habitable shore and did not lie abandoned. For where there is fame, there are men, and conversely. “Accepted among the herds”: and even if no men lived there, if cattle were driven there or came out for pasture, men too would necessarily arrive there. And I had added an example of that expression from the life of Agricola: “We defend to this day the remotest recesses of lands and freedom, and he himself the bays of fame.” I mean the bay of the habitable shore. As he said in Germania, chapter 29, “the fame of the empire” in place of boundary and limit. Later I discovered a very similar passage in Pliny, book II, chapter LXVIII, where he, having measured out his fields as far as possible, “drove the neighbors beyond fame.” For so both the manuscript of Chifflet and the Leyden manuscript read, whereas the common reading shows ignorance of his most elegant expression: “Beyond the bounds.” Nor could I understand how “and to begin a respite,” which the same manuscripts have, and which to me seems most certain, the editors could have taken as “to seize.” There are also several other things in Tacitus, which I shall sometime send you selected. If there is anything further about the passage of Isocrates. For the present I shall accept this, though it does seem somewhat flat in meaning. Has the other part about Usury begun to be published? so Elzevirius was lately telling me, and that you had changed your plan so as to open a wider field for envy. These things which I have written, I would not want to matter so much to you that you should forget, if it is convenient, Horace. Accept Fabricius’ iambic poem, which I do not doubt will remove some of the annoyance for the reader. Farewell, most noble and excellent man, and love me. At The Hague, the day before the Ides of June, in the year of Christ 1638. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 327 EPISTOLA CCLIX. CLAUDIO SALMASIO. S. D. Iohannes Fredericus Gronovius. ET ego legi librum tuum, Nobilissime domine, & verum de eo tibi dicere neque invidentia neque assentatione prohibeor. Imperitiam forte me impedituram putas: tamen & talis sensum meum apud te fateri possum, quem inscitiæ peccata, ut nunc hominum vita est, plurima quotidie condonare opor- tet. Sentio igitur post multa secula tandem in eo genere proditum esse aliquid doctum, solidum, singulare, ex nescio quo ignei, hoc est, purissimi & serventissimi, & animi adito profectum, quod non sophismata aliis non multo melioribus supplantaret, non cauponaretur bellum, sed ad lineam pugnaret, & caussæ jugulum & peteret & feriret, quod nec antiquitatem irreverenter haberet, & tamen mysterio iniquitatis non parceret. Solet enim hæc in extrema ab nostris peccari, ut nimis Theologi unam vetustatem sacrorum librorum etiam historicis in litibus agnoscant, nimis antiquarii vanissimis falsissimisque antiquitatis jactationibus reddantur æquiores. Denique infinita me didicisse, & si quid horumce aut antea didiceram, aut fueram subodoratus, id nunc multo perspectius, liquidius, certius cognitum habere. Quæris admiratores testamenti Grotiani (sic vocavit librum sacendos, credo, aliquis, qui sententias auctoris de dogmatibus inde excerptis, & vernaculalina- gua versas publicabit, ut nos hoc præjudicio constrictos ad vomitum reduceret, audisse te puto, si non vidisse librum) quid senserint? Quid dicam, ut & tibi debitam indulgentiam præstem, & jura amicitiæ cum illis non violem? Cum sene post reditum locutus non sum, quippe qui domo aberat Hagam profectus, & ni fallor, urbem vestram transierat, ibique conscenderat. Minor cætera quidem omnia laudabat & admirabatur: vehementiæ nimiæ parvulam neque ignominiosam mentionem interjiciebat: de deliciolo suo subdito; id vero concoquere non poterat. Apodicticum illud argumentum de sige quærebat quomodo eluderet. Scrutabatur pilis Irenæum ea de causa & unius, credo noctis pervigilio. Inveniebat ex Hesiodi quodam loco istam sigen depromptam, & in hac ejus vetustate triumphabat; etsi dicerem ego, non tamen de ea Ecclesiam primitivam fategisse, prius quam a Valentino produceretur: nec enim curæ patribus illis, nec opus fuisse minutissimas quasque poëtarum fabulas persequi. Quærebat nescio quem (sum enim oblitus) communem Ignatii veri & Valentini amicum, a quo dogma Valentini, antequam illustre & passivum fieret, prænosse potuisset Ignatius. non poterit pati esse aliam, quam juvenilem sive juvenis episcopi: & multo minus . Solet esse acer, si non pertinax opinionum suarum defensor, rarus alienarum adstipulator, etiam ubi nihil interest sua: quod Lutetiæ memini me non dissimulasse aliquando apud ipsum mihi non placere. Versabam tum Li-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 327 LETTER CCLIX. TO CLAUDIUS SALMASIUS. S. D. Johannes Fredericus Gronovius. I too have read your book, most noble sir, and I am not restrained either by envy or by flattery from telling you the truth about it. Perhaps you think that my ignorance will stand in the way; yet even so I can confess my opinion to you, and one ought, as human life now is, to pardon daily the many faults of ignorance. I therefore feel that after so many centuries something at last has been brought forth in that kind which is learned, solid, and singular, sprung from I know not what fiery, that is, most pure and most ardent, approach of mind; something which does not merely overthrow others by sophistries no better than they, does not traffic in war, but fights in line, and seeks and strikes at the throat of the cause; something which neither shows irreverence toward antiquity, and yet does not spare the mystery of iniquity. For in these matters our people are usually guilty of the extreme fault, that they are too much theologians, acknowledging one antiquity of sacred books even in historical disputes, or too much antiquarians, becoming too compliant in the vainest and falsest boasts of antiquity. In short, I have learned an infinite amount, and if I had previously known any of these things, or had merely suspected them, I now have them recognized much more clearly, plainly, and certainly. You ask what the admirers of the Grotian Testament thought of it? What shall I say, so as both to show you due indulgence and not violate the rights of friendship with them? I have not spoken with the old man since his return, since he had been away from home, having set out for The Hague and, unless I am mistaken, passed through your city and embarked there. The younger man praised and admired almost everything; he inserted a little mention of excessive vehemence, not without shame, with respect to his darling fosterling; but that he could not digest. He was asking how one might evade that apodictic argument about the sigma. He was searching Irenaeus all over for that reason, and, I believe, through the vigil of a single night. He found that sigma taken from some place in Hesiod, and he triumphed in that antiquity of it; although if I were to speak, I would still say that the primitive Church did not hesitate about it, before it was produced by Valentinus. For those fathers had neither the leisure nor the need to pursue every tiny fable of the poets. He was asking about some person—I have forgotten who—an intimate friend of both Ignatius and Valentinus, from whom Ignatius could have known the doctrine of Valentinus before it became famous and passible. He will not be able to endure that there is any other, except a youthful one, or the bishop as a youth; and much less ... He is usually sharp, if not a stubborn defender of his opinions, and a rare supporter of other men’s, even where nothing of his own is at stake; something I remember not concealing at Paris as once displeasing to me in him. I was then turning Li-
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328 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Livium Puteanxum, cumque aliquas inde maxime veri similes conjecturas proposuissem, aut contra vitilitigabat, aut ubi non poterat contradicere, silebat: nunquam non dico laude, sed ne minimo quidem verbo, sequid meum, tanquam alienum sibi, probare contestabatur. Sed hoc quicquid est vitii, aut morositatis, semper summis ejus virtutibus & totius domus erga me meritis condonavi. Post peregrinationem etiam paullo humaniorem factum deprehendi. Nunc vero post omnia auctor ei magnopere fui, quantumcunque sententiæ suæ fideret, caveret, ne jam peccaret inepte, ut tantam tuam gratiam, tot invidendis & quo non pretio emendis (si ullo pretio æstimari possent) clogiis testificatam profundet, & non metuisse se ostenderet: nec in sua editione quicquam ejusmodi proferret, aut vexillum quasi tolleret primus tam divino tuo operi contradicturus. Sed non opus erat multis: adeo ipse interrupto sermone meo, etiam omnino sibi dicebat constitutum esse, nullam ejus rei mentionem facere, omniaque integra relinquare. Nullum quod meminerim, alium de eo sermonem habuimus. Aderat aliquando Nihilius. Nosse te puto hominem de libro Leonis Allatii de Papissa quem edidit, cætera minime malum, sed scriptorem ineptum. Abbas fuit in Germania, nunc monasterio & patria exulat. Eum rogabat per risum & jocum, vidissetne librum tuum, & annou Patrem Patrum defensurus esset. Negabat utrumque iterum ridendo ille, scire tamen se ajebat, & facile alios, qui responderent etiam abs se excitatum iri. Inde alio vertebat sermonem, est enim non injucundus in congressibus, & odiosa mentione controversiarum sollicite & prudenter abstinet. Nihil præter hæc narrare possum, quæ nec spero amorem tuum erga dignissimum & carissimum juvenem mihi quoque minuunt (cui enim mortalium non est aliquid condonandum) & apud te secretissima erunt. Dialogum posteriorem exspectabo. Habeo enim & priorem, & epistolam de Coma servo nondum ligatam, ut easdem materias in unum volumen compingam. Cognatus ineus scribit Hamburgo mihi, jam illi venalem esse librum Taboris contra te satis contumeliosum: inter alia equitem calamarium te appellare. Audio quoque Fabrotum volumen confectum adfuntibus ostentare, & Andegavensem suum edere: & Francqueram parturire. Utinam tu memor sis eorum quæ pag. 343. Scribis. Ego etiam stultior, qui cum hujusmodi fatuis: nec enim aliud quærunt, quam ut credantur ausi cum Salmasio congredi. Militia potius te occupes & continuatio primatus. Sed exspecto, ut dicas, ad consilium ne accesseris, antequam voceris. Buxtorfius sollicitatur ut commigret Leidam, & consilium quærit ab amico, qui ei, haud scio consulentis, an propria causa, magnopere dissuadebit. Velim scire, si nosti, qua occasione, quo potissimum auctore, & an conscio Lempereurio id fiat. Livium nostrum te boni consu- luisse gaudeo: sed quantum ei defuit, quædam scio, quædam satis certo conjicio. Si propior essem tibi, multa fuissent meliora. Sed satis nugarum. Responde tamen quæso: in nominibus Punicis, Hannibal an Annibal, Hanno, au Anno, Hasdrubalan Asdrubal, utrum tibi & Poenorum & Romanorum p 10-
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328 MOST FAMOUS AND LEARNED. When I had proposed Livy Puteanus and some conjectures from it, very likely to be true, he either cavilled against them, or, where he could not contradict, was silent: never, I do not say by praise, but not even by the smallest word, did he ever declare my view to be approved by him as if it were not his own. But this fault, whatever it may be, or this moroseness, I have always forgiven on account of his very great virtues and the services of his whole household toward me. After his journey I also found him somewhat more humane. Now indeed, after everything, I was greatly the cause of his forbearance, that, however much he trusted his own judgment, he should take care not to blunder any longer in a foolish way, so that he might let fall such great favor of yours, attested by so many enviable praises and praises purchased at no price whatsoever, if they could be valued at any price, and show that he had not feared; nor in his edition would he put forward anything of that kind, or, as it were, first raise the banner as if about to contradict your divine work. But there was no need of many words: so much so that he himself, breaking off my conversation, said that he had even absolutely resolved within himself to make no mention of that matter and to leave everything untouched. I do not remember that we had any other talk about him. Nihilius was present once. I think you know the man, from his book on Pope Joan which he published; otherwise not a bad fellow, but a foolish writer. He was an abbot in Germany, now in exile from his monastery and homeland. Jokingly and in play he was asked whether he had seen your book, and whether he would defend the Father of Fathers. He denied both, laughing again, yet said that he knew, and that others too would easily be stirred up to answer, even by himself. Then he turned the conversation elsewhere, for he is not unpleasant in company, and carefully and prudently avoids any hateful mention of controversies. I can tell no more than this; nor do I hope that these things lessen your affection for a most worthy and dearest young man even to me also (for to whom of mortals is there not something to be forgiven?) and they will be most secret with you. I shall await the later dialogue. For I have both the earlier one and the letter on the servant’s comb, not yet bound, so that I may stitch the same subjects into one volume. A kinsman of mine writes to me from Hamburg that Tabor’s book is now for sale there, quite insulting against you; among other things, calling you a “quill-rider.” I also hear that Fabrotus is showing a finished volume to visitors, and that the Angevin is publishing his own work, and Francquerius is in labor with one. Would that you might remember what you wrote on p. 343. I too am more foolish, who deal with such fools: for they seek nothing else than to be thought to have dared to engage with Salmasius. Rather occupy yourself with military affairs and with the continuation of your primacy. But I await your answer: do not come to the council before you are summoned. Buxtorf is being urged to move to Leiden, and he seeks advice from a friend, who, I know not whether as adviser or for his own cause, will strongly dissuade him. I should like to know, if you know, on what occasion, by whose principal instigation, and whether with Lempereur’s knowledge, this is being done. I rejoice that you have consulted our Livy for the better: but how much was lacking to him, I know some things and others I can infer with sufficient certainty. If I were nearer to you, many things would have been better. But enough trifles. Yet please answer this: in Punic names, should it be Hannibal or Annibal, Hanno or Anno, Hasdrubal or Asdrubal, which form do you prefer both for the Carthaginians and for the Romans? p 10-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 329 pronuntiationi convenientius videtur. Certe si memini, in Palatinis semper Hannibal erat. Vale vir maxime & prolixitati meæ ignosce. Daventriæ XII. Decemb. CIO. IDC. XLVI. EPISTOLA CCLX. CLAU DIO SALMASIO. S. D. Isacus Vossius. Ludanum Batavorum. Immensum quantum affectus sum literis tuis, Vir incomparabilis. Puduit ubi legi tantam curam esse mei. Eadem tamen & multum pristinæ salutis addidit. Non enim tantum medentium manus, quam cura tua & sollicitudo, animi mihi dedere, licet indigno & immerenti. Nihil me usque adeo cepit, ac ratio illa diversitatis, quæ in Anacreonteis reperitur odariis. Ubi etiamnum Musicis, præsertim Italis, solemne sit verba ex elegantioribus ejus linguæ Poëtis decerpta notulis suis Musicis accommodare, prout brevitas aut plenitudo toni exigit, & euphonia gratia verba sæpe & sensum detorquere, minuere, & contra. De Epistolis Casauboni non dubitandum, quin argutius quam verius suspicatus sit vir ille Reverendus. Quos enim ita nupere ad nos libros remiserit Gronovius nescimus. Imo ne ex eo tempore, quo ad nos Amstelodamum excurrerat, annus jam est dimidiatus & ultra, vel unum recepimus, nisi egregie fallimur. Quos enim habeat novimus. Sunt vero pauci. Magister Schoockius Magister Ultrajectinus, impudentissima illa bestia, canina sua mordacitate invisus Ultrajectinis, in Daventriensem migravit Academiam, ut ibi apud alios canes eloquentiam illam & maledicentiam liberius exerceat. Mirum non esse ibi fustes iis compescendis. Velim mihi nodum istum soivi, qui est apud Theocritum in ἀλιθοι Idyll. XXI. τὸ δὲ λύχνιον ἐν πευτανειω. Φανπ ἐγ ἀυτοῦ ἀγαν τὸς ἔγκον. Non possum Scaligeri & Casauboni interpretamento acquiescere. Multo minus Heinsii, qui hoc loco ἀγαν reponit pro ἀγαν: respiciens ad Atheniensium lichnuchos, qui in prytanco. Sed melius tum dixisset ἀγαν. At ego ne ita quidem capio mentem Theocriti. In colloquio Daphnidis & Ruellæ, idyll. XXVII. locus est, quem ita arbitrabar corrigendum: ἀ σφυλλι σφικίστι, παλευρίδον ἀυνοιλεῖν[.] Vulgo enim pro παλαιον legitur παὶ ὑν. Ita ἐν τῶ ἀρασὴν, Kai ποῦδον παλαιο ἰστ, ἐγ ὑγενὸς ἀυτὸς μελερινει. Non enim potest placere, quod Casaubonus ex editione Romana reponit; ἀ σφυλλι σφίσ ἰστιν, παὶ πίδον ἀυνοιλεῖται. Heinsius interrogandi notam addit. Aliquanto post in eodem Idyllis legitur; 'Εἰς παὶ ἐγω πολλῶν, μητηρ πος ἐνθαδ ἰκατω. ἀντ. ἔν πι Φιλον ὑθαμι. ἰκορ. Ἐμμοι παθησων αυίας. Plane mihi frigidus videtur posterior versus: tentabam sic; Δαφν. 'Εἰς παὶ ἐγω πολλῶν μητηρ πος ἐνθαδ ἰκατω Και πι Φιλον ὑθαμι. ἰκορ. Ἐμμοι παθησων αυίας. Δαφν. Ουκ ὑδυνη, ἐν ἀληθε ἐχει Ἐμμοι, αἰτια ὑρειν. Τι Et
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LETTERS OF MEN. 329 seems more suitable to pronunciation. Certainly, if I remember rightly, in the Palatine editions it was always Hannibal. Farewell, most excellent man, and forgive my prolixity. Deventer, 12 December, 1646. LETTER CCLX. TO CLAUDIO SALMASIUS, GREETING. Isacus Vossius. Ludanum Batavorum. I cannot tell you how greatly I was affected by your letter, incomparable Sir. I was ashamed when I read that you take such care for me. Yet the same letter also greatly added to my former good spirits. For it was not so much the hands of physicians as your care and concern that restored my mind to me, though I am unworthy and undeserving. Nothing has so much occupied me as that question of the variety which is found in the Anacreontic songs. For even now it is customary among musicians, especially Italians, to adapt to their musical notes words taken from the more elegant poets of that language, as the brevity or fullness of the tune requires; and for the sake of euphony they often twist both the words and the sense, diminishing them, and vice versa. As for Casaubon’s Letters, there can be no doubt that that reverend man suspected more cleverly than truly. For we do not know which books Gronovius has lately sent back to us. Indeed, we have not received a single one since the time when he ran over to us at Amsterdam, now a year and a half ago, unless we are greatly mistaken. For we know what books he has. They are very few. Master Schoockius, the master from Utrecht, that most shameless beast, hated by the people of Utrecht for his doglike snarling, has moved to the Academy of Deventer, so that there he may more freely exercise that eloquence and abuse among other dogs. It is no wonder that there are cudgels there to restrain them. I should like to unravel for myself that knot which is found in Theocritus, Idyll XXI, ἀλιθοι: τὸ δὲ λύχνιον ἐν πευτανειω. Φανπ ἐγ ἀυτοῦ ἀγαν τὸς ἔγκον. I cannot be satisfied with the interpretation of Scaliger and Casaubon. Much less with that of Heinsius, who in this place reads ἀγαν in place of ἀγαν: looking to the Athenian lichnuchi, who were in the prytaneum. But then he should have said ἀγαν. Yet even so I do not understand Theocritus’ meaning. In the dialogue of Daphnis and Ruelle, Idyll XXVII, there is a passage which I thought should be corrected thus: ἀ σφυλλι σφικίστι, παλευρίδον ἀυνοιλεῖν[.] For commonly, instead of παλαιον, there is read παὶ ὑν. Thus ἐν τῶ ἀρασὴν, Kai ποῦδον παλαιο ἰστ, ἐγ ὑγενὸς ἀυτὸς μελερινει. For that reading cannot please, which Casaubon restores from the Roman edition: ἀ σφυλλι σφίσ ἰστιν, παὶ πίδον ἀυνοιλεῖται. Heinsius adds the mark of interrogation. A little later in the same Idyll there is read; 'Εἰς παὶ ἐγω πολλῶν, μητηρ πος ἐνθαδ ἰκατω. ἀντ. ἔν πι Φιλον ὑθαμι. ἰκορ. Ἐμμοι παθησων αυίας. The later verse seems to me plainly cold: I was trying it thus; Δαφν. 'Εἰς παὶ ἐγω πολλῶν μητηρ πος ἐνθαδ ἰκατω Και πι Φιλον ὑθαμι. ἰκορ. Ἐμμοι παθησων αυίας. Δαφν. Ουκ ὑδυνη, ἐν ἀληθε ἐχει Ἐμμοι, αἰτια ὑρειν. Τι And
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Et paulo post --- πι αἰν περμήνον γυναίκος; ἀρ. ἔδων περμήμ. &c. Non περμέκαν. Locus est in Hyla Idyll. XIII. Ως αυτῶ ἐγ ἰωμῶν ὑπο παίς περμημένον ἐν, Αυτῶ ὑπὸ ἐλκον ἐν οἰλα ἐνῶν αυτὸς απεθαιν. Is multum exercuit viros doctos. Scholastes αυτῶ interpretatur αυτῶν. Henricus Stephanus legebat; ἐγ αυτῶ ὑπὸ ἐλκον, sive αυτῶ ὑπὸ ἐλκον. Heinsius vero αυτῶ ὑπὸ ἐν ἑπικον. Et valde gloriamur hac sua emendatione. Te igitur, Vir Illustris, veluti Apollinem & Censorem litterariæ Reip. consulo & rogomum legendum sit: Αυτῶ ὑπὸ ἐν ἑκκιν! Philolaus Cl. Theodati, jam ad umbilicum perductus est, necdum tamen is prodiit. Grammaticam Græco-Barbaram Simon Portius edidit, is ipse qui lexicon illud Græco-Barbarum ex mandato Cardinalis composit, de quo aliquando sententiam tuam expostulavi, cum necdum vidisses. Si id habuissent linguæ Græco-barbaræ interpretes, & qui Glossaria ejus scripser, non tam crebro lapsi fuissent. Vale vir incomparabilis cum nobilissima conjuge, affine, liberis; quibus tota nostra domus plurimam salutem impertit. Amstelodami c13 DC XXXVIII. XIII. Novembris. EPISTOLA CCLXI. CL. S A L M A S I O. S D. Isaacs Vossius. Luædunum Batavorum. M Itto tibi priorem partem Carpenterii in Alcinoum, vir incomparabilis. Alterum vero toimum nusquam reperire potui. Si tamen invenerim, quam ocysime mittam. Sed vereor ne frustra sim. Non dubitat Pater, quin penes Heinsium sit ille liber, cum in Rutgersiana viderit Bibliotheca. Parentis opus ad aliquot menses etiamnum trahetur. Sallustii Philosophi Romani tractatum, de Diis nondum vidit. Manasses Constantinopolim petere decrevit, si ulla affulserit occasio. Præsertim si alius legatus in locum Hageni, qui hactenus ibi commoratus est, eo mittatur. Hoc pacto enim iter magis cariturum periculo. Multum lucri sperat sibi a libris quos apportaturus. Utinam majorem linguæ Arabicæ cognitionem sibi comparasset; diu occupatus fuit in libro, quo verba Arabica ad Hebræas reducit origines. Prodiit aliquando Epictetus apud Lamerium cum notulis ejus, in quem morientis Scaligeri anima transmigrasse jactatur. Certe ne Scaliger tale quid unquam somniaverit, ac hic ibi scripsit. Nihil præstitit, quod non e trivio possint magistelli. Unus tantum est locus, cujus vulgatam sollicitat lectionem cap. XVII. παὶ ἐχ ὑπως ἐστὶ αυτῶ καλῶς, ἐνα ἀπ' ἰκειων ἡ ποι ἐπικοσχημεν. Nonne vero ei bene sit, si tuarum perturbationum habeat ille potestatem? Ille legitima vel un, cum vulgata lectio Crotone sanior sit. Non te diutius detinebo, ne divinos tuos labores interrumpam. Vale vir Incomparabilis, & toto hoc anno cum nobilissima conjuge, affine, tuisque omnibus felice fruere. Amstelodami c13 DC XXXIX. XXIII. Ianuarii. EPI-
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Clearly and most learned. And a little later --- πι αἰν περμήνον γυναίκος; ἀρ. ἔδων περμήμ. &c. Not περμέκαν. The passage is in the Idylls of Hyla, XIII. Ως αυτῶ ἐγ ἰωμῶν ὑπο παίς περμημένον ἐν, Αυτῶ ὑπὸ ἐλκον ἐν οἰλα ἐνῶν αυτὸς απεθαιν. This has greatly exercised learned men. The scholastics interpret αυτῶ as αυτῶν. Henricus Stephanus read it: ἐγ αυτῶ ὑπὸ ἐλκον, or αυτῶ ὑπὸ ἐλκον. Heinsius, however, read αυτῶ ὑπὸ ἐν ἑπικον. And we greatly glory in this correction of his. Therefore I, Most Illustrious Sir, as it were Apollo and Censor of the literary republic, consult and ask you what reading should be adopted: Αυτῶ ὑπὸ ἐν ἑκκιν! Philolaus of Cl. Theodatus has already been brought to the navel, yet it has not appeared. Simon Portius has published a Greek-Barbarian grammar, he is the same who compiled that Greek-Barbarian lexicon by command of the Cardinal, about which I once asked your opinion, since you had not yet seen it. If those interpreters of Greek-Barbarian had had it, and those who wrote glossaries on it, they would not have fallen into error so often. Farewell, incomparable man, together with your most noble wife, your relative, and your children; to all of whom our whole house sends very many greetings. At Amsterdam, 13 December 1638. 13 November. EPISTLE CCLXI. TO CL. S A L M A S I U S. S D. Isaac Vossius. Leiden, Holland. I send you the first part of Carpenter on Alcinous, incomparable man. The second volume, however, I could find nowhere. If I do find it, I shall send it as quickly as possible. But I fear I may be in vain. Father does not doubt that that book is in Heinsius' possession, since he saw it in Rutgers's library. Father's work will still drag on for some months. He has not yet seen Sallustius the Philosopher of Rome's treatise On the Gods. Manasses has resolved to set out for Constantinople, if any opportunity should shine forth, especially if another ambassador is sent there in place of Hagen, who has hitherto remained there. For in this way the journey would be less exposed to danger. He hopes for a great gain from the books he is to bring back. Would that he had acquired a greater knowledge of the Arabic language; for a long time he has been occupied with a book in which he reduces Arabic words to Hebrew origins. Epictetus was once published by Lamerius with his notes, into which it is said the soul of the dying Scaliger passed. Certainly Scaliger would never have dreamed anything like what this man has written there. He has achieved nothing that schoolmasters could not do from the street. There is only one passage whose common reading he challenges, chapter XVII. παὶ ἐχ ὑπως ἐστὶ αυτῶ καλῶς, ἐνα ἀπ' ἰκειων ἡ ποι ἐπικοσχημεν. Would it not be well for him, if he had power over your disturbances? He reads legitimately either un, since the common reading Croton is sounder. I will not detain you longer, lest I interrupt your divine labors. Farewell, incomparable man, and throughout this whole year enjoy happiness with your most noble wife, your relative, and all yours. At Amsterdam, 13 December 1639. 23 January. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 331 EPISTOLA CCLXII. CLAUDIO SALMASIO. SD. Isaacs Vossius. Lugdunum Basavorum. Epistolium, quod ante aliquot hebdomadas ad te scripseram, vir incompon- non dubito quin jam tibi in manus venerit. Sueco cuidam id ferendum dederam. Adjunxeram ei vitam Antonii Monachi. Misit ad parentem Hein- sius exercitationes suas sacras in Novum Testamentum. Vidi & legipartem. Quam pulchre exercitator ille a te exercebitur. Vir equidem scio ubinam pos- sit manus tuas estugere, nisi forsan in furto suo. Jam enim diu ante præ- dixeras, nihil in istoc opere fore boni, quod non sit dictum antea. Primus in quem incidi locus erat pag. 13 CVI. ubi refert fæculum Noë ab antiquis dici fæculum gigantum, ex hoc Hesychii loco: , , . Quem ille sic emendare aggestus est, . Vel puer vidisset legendum , , . Ceteræ ejus emendationes in Hesychium sunt ejusdem pretii, ut appareat eadem incude & eodem malleo esse excusas. Quid non tibi debebit Heinsius, Vir Nobilissime, ubi tuæ prodierint; quod tandem ipsum facies sapere; & quid jam non debet esse: pro flagello tuo plusquam Corcyreo, secundo tuo de usuris operi quam bella eum cæna Hellenistica excepisti: vereor interim ne illam possit concoquere. Notæ illustris Grotii in Novum Testamentum brevi prælo subjicientur. Intellexi illum respondere Petavii diatribæ de consecratione panis. Mitto ad te Iustinum, qui jam demum prodit, cum brevibus notulis, quamvis jam ante biennium eas typographo excudendas tradiderim. Jam pudet tam parum præstitisse in tam luculentum auctorem. Multo uberiores notas in eum para- ras habeo, sed eas alias dabo. Vale vir Illustris & incomparabilis cum omni familia 13 13 XXXIX. XIX. Octobris. EPISTOLA CCLXIII. CLAUDIO SALMASIO. SD. Isaacs Vossius. Lugdunum Basavorum. Indies occasionem quæsivi, vir Incomparabilis, remittendi tibi Agellium MS tum. Indies ea frustratus sum. Tandem mihi fiditabellarii vicem eve- rit Daniel Erastus familiaris meus, qui illud secum vecheret, Tibique redde- ret. Quotidianis enim nuntiis vix fidebam tam rarum thesaurum? Multa certe bona ex eo haurire licuit. Remittam, ut spero, brevi quoque alia, quæ a Te commodato accepi. Si quoque Strategicis Græcis MSS. indigeas, & illos ex continenti mittam. Jam enim fere omnes exscripti. In Ptolemæo in- gentes progressus facio. Utinam istoc regio MS. Parisiensi aliquot diebus frui T t 2
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LETTERS OF MEN. 331 LETTER CCLXII. TO CLAUDIUS SALMASIUS. SD. Isaac Vossius. Lugden Basavorum. The little letter which I wrote to you some weeks ago, I do not doubt has now come into your hands. I had given it to a certain Swede to carry. I had enclosed with it the Life of Antonius the Monk. Heinsius sent to my father his sacred exercises on the New Testament. I have seen and read part of them. How handsomely that professor will be handled by you. Indeed I know not where the man can escape your hands, unless perhaps in his own theft. For long ago you had already foretold that there would be nothing good in that work which had not been said before. The first passage on which I came was p. 13, cvi., where he relates that the dregs of Noah are said by the ancients to be the dregs of giants, from this passage of Hesychius: , , . He has undertaken to emend it thus, . Or even a boy would have seen that it should be read , , . His other emendations on Hesychius are of the same value, so that it is clear they have been struck from the same anvil and with the same hammer. What will Heinsius not owe you, Most Noble Sir, when yours shall have appeared; when at last you will make him understand himself; and what is he not already bound to owe you? For after your lash, more than Corcyraean, you received him, with your second work on usuries, no less handsomely than with a Hellenistic supper; I fear meanwhile lest he may be able to digest it. The notes of the illustrious Grotius on the New Testament will soon be put to the press. I have learned that he is replying to Petavius’ dissertation on the consecration of bread. I am sending you Justin, who is now at last appearing, with brief notes, although I had already handed them over to the printer to be set in type two years ago. I am now ashamed to have done so little for so luminous an author. I have much fuller notes on him ready, but I shall send those later. Farewell, most illustrious and incomparable man, with all your family. 13 13 XXXIX. XIX. October. LETTER CCLXIII. TO CLAUDIUS SALMASIUS. SD. Isaac Vossius. Lugden Basavorum. Day after day I sought an opportunity, incomparable Sir, of sending back to you your MS. of Agellius. Day after day I was frustrated in this. At last my trusty messenger became Daniel Erastus, my intimate friend, who was to carry it with him and deliver it to you. For I scarcely trusted daily reports with so rare a treasure. Certainly many good things were able to be drawn from it. I shall send back shortly, I hope, also other things which I have borrowed from you. If you also need the Greek Strategic MSS., I shall send those too at once. For already almost all have been copied out. In Ptolemy I am making great progress. Would that I might enjoy that Parisian royal MS. for a few days
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. frui liceret. Vel si quis conferendi molestiam paratus esset suscipere. Quam- vis non ignorem tædiosi pariter & longi id fore laboris, adeo ut vix ulla mer- ces pro conferendo eo possit placere. Nihil itaque mihi antiquius & carius fuerit, vir illustris, quam ubi ad Clariss. Bullialdum scripseris, si vel unius capitis, vel paginæ, vel cujuscunque collationes ab eo exegeris. Ita enim facile judicari poterit de bonitate ejus codicis. Liber Arabicus Ptolomæi Constantinopoli (cum multis aliis) mittetur ad illust. Britannæ Archie- piscopum. Ita studiosus quidam ad parentem perscripsit. Utinam ne is Al- magestus sit, quod unice vereor. Poene exciderat locum Diodori indicare de Zaccharo, ut opinor, qui est lib. 11. pag. 121. 122. edit. Rhodomann. pag. vero 86. edit. Stephanicæ. Ubi de India agit. πῶν ἀγεδῶν τῶν ἐν τῶν χωρησιν πεδία γλυκεῖα ἐχει πω ἔστο τῶν ποταμῶν ἰκμάδα, ἡδὴ τῶν ἔστο τῶν ἐμβρων τῶν ἐν τῶν Ἐρει γνωρισμον, κατ' ἐπιαστὴν κυπλικὴν πιπερόδωιν παραδίδως εἰδίτων γινεθαι. ἐν τῶς ἐν τῶς ἐλεος ἐρίζα ἐκφοιτον τῶν καυματον, ἐν μάλιστον τῶν μεγάλων παλάμων. Nescio num de cannis quoque saccharinis loquatur Pto- lemæus lib. 1. cap. 17. Ait enim quod ultra Sinas ἀγνωσε ἐσι γο, λιμνας ἐχνομ ἐλώδων ἐν αἰς παλαμοι μεγάλοι Φυσται, ἐαὶ συνεχῶς ὑπτως, ἐντὸ ἐχομένωι ἀν- των ποιεῖσων τὰς διαπεραιωσίς. Quod ipsum quoque habet Marcianus Hera- cleota, iisdem ferme verbis pag. 59. Nescio quid velit Ælianus Variarum Hist. lib. 111. cap. XXXIX. cum inquit Indos calamos comedere. Salutem plurimam Nobiliss. Conjugi, & affini. Vale vir incomp. 110 IX XXXIX. XXVII. Decembris. EPISTOLA CCLXIV. CLAUDIO SALMASIO. S. D. Isaacus Vossius. Lugdunum Batavorum. N Udius tertius, vir Illustrissime, paucula tantum verba ad te exarare po- tui, propterea quod jamjam tabellarium discessurum esse crederem. Utut autem paucula fuere; fuere tamen nimia, vellemque etiam illis scribendis defuisset argumentum. Heri vero iterum ad te scribere debueram uti promiseram, sed me destituit materies, nam neque aliquid certius de Moro intellexeram, ne- que etiam de hoc theologo, qui huc ad nuptias venerat. Abiit ille nullo hic salutato, neque alius quod sciam ipsum invisit, quam Hottonus, a quo mu- tuo accepit librum, quem contra ipsum scripsit Amiraldus. Videbatur autem Hottono nostro esse subtristior & vultu coactior solito, quod an effecerint epulæ triduanæ, an vero potius liber Amiraldi, dicere non possum. Liber ille Amiraldi est luculentus, & non tantum contra Spanhemium, sed & Ri- vetum, & Molineum scriptus. Posterior tamen propter ætatem mollius ha- betur, alii duo inclementer tractantur, multisque in locis falsitatis & impo- sturæ convincuntur. Quid reponet Spanhemius multi hic videre desiderant. Miseret me certe ejus viri, quod tot sibi reddiderit inimicos, quorum si vel mini-
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Most distinguished and most learned. If it were permitted to enjoy it. Or if someone were prepared to undertake the trouble of comparing it. Although I do not ignore that this would be equally tedious and long a labor, so much so that scarcely any reward for making the comparison could be pleasing. Therefore nothing would be dearer or more important to me, illustrious sir, than that, when you have written to the most learned Bulliald, you should demand from him collations of even a single chapter, or page, or of whatever else you wish. For in that way the quality of his codex can easily be judged. The Arabic book of Ptolemy will be sent from Constantinople (with many others) to the illustrious Archbishop of Britain. So a certain student wrote to his father. Would that it were not the Almagest, which is my only fear. I had almost omitted to indicate the passage in Diodorus about Saccharo, as I think, which is in book 11, pp. 121–122 of the Rhodomann edition, and p. 86 of the Stephanic edition. There he speaks of India. [Greek text as in source] I do not know whether Ptolemy too speaks of sugar canes in book 1, chapter 17. For he says that beyond the Sinas there are [Greek text as in source] marshy lakes, in which great palms grow, and which are continually flooded, by means of which crossings are made. The same thing is also found in Marcianus Heracleota, in nearly the same words, p. 59. I do not know what Ælian means in the Variarum Hist., book III, chapter XXXIX, when he says that the Indians eat reeds. Most cordial greetings to your most noble spouse and relative. Farewell, incomparable man. 110 IX XXXIX. XXVII. December. EPISTLE CCLXIV. TO CLAUDIUS SALMASIUS. S. D. Isaac Vossius. Leiden. The day before yesterday, most illustrious sir, I was able to write only a few words to you, because I thought the messenger was about to leave immediately. Yet however few they were, they were still too many, and I wished that even for writing them I had lacked the subject. Yesterday indeed I should have written to you again, as I had promised, but I was lacking material, for I had learned nothing more certain about Moro, nor also about that theologian who had come here for the wedding. He departed without greeting anyone here, and so far as I know no one else visited him except Hotton, from whom he borrowed in return the book which Amiraldus wrote against him. Our Hotton, however, seemed rather sadder and more constrained in countenance than usual, whether the three-day banquet caused it or rather the book of Amiraldus, I cannot say. That book of Amiraldus is brilliant, and written not only against Spanhemius, but also against Rivet and Molineus. The latter, however, is treated more mildly on account of his age; the other two are handled harshly and are convicted in many places of falsehood and imposture. What Spanhemius will reply, many here are eager to see. I am certainly sorry for that man, because he has made so many enemies for himself, of whom if even one had been min-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 333 minimum offendisset, satis ipsi exhibuisset negotii. Sed recreat ipsum credo & exhilarat, quod Harderviceni ipsum magno metu liberarunt, academiamque suam ex voto ejus instruunt. Verum hoc modo non effugiet poenam, sed idem illi eveniet, quod febricitantibus ex gelidæ potu, quibus quanto major est initio voluptas & levamentum, tanto acrior postea dolor & desperatio solet contingere. Miror autem Tollium non mihi scripsisse rei eventum, quod tamen promiserat; an forsan ipsum pudet, quod plus efficere non potuerit, quodque Valkenarius & Hornius de ipso triumphent. Sed magis miror Curatores ita cæcos fuisse, ut nascentem Academiam suam tanto viro exornare supersederint, qui solus plus famæ ei adterre potuisset, quam possint omnes illi quos jam habent, quosque in posterum forsan sint habituri. Infelicem eo nomine Academiam eam existimo, sed non ideo infelix Morus noster, imo felicissimus, quod non inter eos homines sit victurus, qui virtutis & doctrinæ ejus adeo parum capaces & intelligentes fuissent. Vale & salve vir Illustrissime & Incomparabilis. xxvi. April. CIC DE XLVIII. EPISTOLA CCLXV. CLAUDIO SALMASIO. S. D. Isaacus Vossius. Ludusrum Batavorum. Non recte facis, vir Incomparabilis, si inique de me suspiceris. Existimabam me tot annorum spatiis affectum observantiamque meam satis jam tibi probasse, tu tamen, quæ tua est diffidentia, nunc demum pignora a me postulas. A iste idoneas habere conjecturas, quibus possis suspiciones tuas adstruere. Sed quænam illæ sunt? Nempe ut ais Heinsiadem a me vocatum esse in Sueciam. Atque ego quomodo sese res illa haberet jam tibi significavi. Veraque ea esse quæ scripsi, testimoniis omni exceptione majoribus possum ostendere. Id si Heinsius pater diffiteatur, pessime facit. Quod vero addis Heinsianos quosdam amicos aperte dicere ideo a me vocatum, ut junctis viribus benevolentiam, qua te Regina prosequitur, expugnaremus, id vero lepidum omnino & ridiculum. Itane tibi perfidus & nequam videor, ut talia vel suspicari possis! Me rogas an mutatus sim, sed nonne melius id ipsum dete conqueri possum, quod inimicis & hostibus tuis plus fidei tribuas quam illis, qui perpetuo cultu & affectu se tibi obstrinxerunt? Quis te amabit, cui imposterum amicus esse poteris, si ex inimicorum tuorum voto & voluntate amicos & cultores tuos æstimes? porro quod iidem dixerunt te in minori esse gratia apud Serenissimam Reginam, quam olim fueras, & hoc quoque calidum est mendacium. Iniquus es erga optimam & sapientissimam Principem, si aures ejus calumniis patere existimas. Impatientia, qua adventum tuum expectat, plane contrarium evincit. Sed cum ipse tot habeas litteras Regias, possisne ultra dubitare? Quod vero ais parum erga te æquos fuisse Batavos quosdam in causa Mori, ac proinde nec Batavis, nec mihi posthac velle fidere, id Tt 3 sane
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 333 He would have offended me at least, and would have caused me enough trouble. But I believe it comforts and gladdens him that the men of Harderwijk have freed him from great fear, and are building up their academy at his wish. Yet in this way he will not escape punishment, but the same thing will happen to him as to those who, when feverish, drink cold water: the greater the pleasure and relief at first, the keener afterward the pain and despair are wont to be. I wonder, moreover, that Tollius has not written to me the outcome of the matter, though he had promised it; or perhaps he is ashamed, because he was unable to accomplish more, and because Valkenarius and Hornius are triumphing over him. But I wonder even more that the Curators were so blind as to forgo adorning their rising Academy with so great a man, who alone could have brought it more fame than all those they already have, or perhaps may in future have. On that account I consider that Academy unfortunate, but not therefore our Morus unfortunate; rather most fortunate, because he will not be living among those men who would have been so little capable of and intelligent concerning his virtue and learning. Farewell and prosper, most illustrious and incomparable sir. 26 April 1648. EPISTLE CCLXV. TO CLAUDIUS SALMASIUS. S.D. Isaacus Vossius. Ludusrum Batavorum. You are not acting rightly, incomparable sir, if you suspect me unjustly. I thought that by the span of so many years I had now sufficiently proved my respect and devotion to you; yet you, according to your distrustfulness, now at last demand pledges from me. But you must have sound grounds on which to build your suspicions. And what are they? Namely, as you say, that Heinsius was called by me into Sweden. And I have already informed you how that matter stood. And that what I wrote is true, I can prove by testimonies beyond all exception. If Heinsius the father denies it, he acts most badly. But what you add, that certain Heinsian friends openly say that he was therefore summoned by me, so that, with joined forces, we might overthrow the favor with which the Queen pursues you, that indeed is altogether amusing and ridiculous. Do I seem so faithless and wicked to you, that you can even suspect such things? You ask me whether I have changed; but could I not rather complain to you of this very thing, that you give more credit to your enemies and foes than to those who have bound themselves to you by constant devotion and affection? Who will love you, to whom you can hereafter be a friend, if you judge your friends and admirers according to the wish and will of your enemies? Moreover, what the same men said, that you are in less favor with the Most Serene Queen than you once were, is also a gross lie. You are unjust toward the best and wisest Princess, if you think her ears open to slander. The impatience with which she awaits your arrival clearly proves the contrary. But since you yourself have so many royal letters, can you still doubt? As for your saying that certain Dutchmen were too little fair toward you in Morus's cause, and therefore that you wish to trust neither the Dutch nor me in future, that indeed
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. sane non satis possum mirari. si aliqui forsan Batavi mali tibi videantur, quid hoc ad me pertinet? ideone & me talem esse arbitraris? Et inter Gallos nosti multos nebulones, nec tamen dubitas quin & inter eos multi reperiantur viri honesti, de quo si ambigeres, injurius esses tibi ipsi. Postremum quod addis Cartesium quondam amicum, factum esse inimicum, ideoque & me posse mutari, id simile prioribus est argumentum. Rogo, Vir Incomparabilis, minus in posterum indulgeas suspicionibus istis vanis & prorsus te indignis. Conscientiam meam examino, nec tamen invenio quidquam quod te offendere debuerit. Nemo est, qui me novit, qui non etiam hoc novit, quam magnifice, quam amanter de te locutus sim semper & senserim, quamque animose, forsan & feliciter, illis me opposuerim, qui famæ gloriæque tuæ non faverent. Quid dicturi essent inimici tui, si nollient, te ne amicos qui- dem tuos sincere & sine suspicione amare. Quare iterum a te peto ut suspicio- nes istas deponas, talemque te mihi exhibeas, qualis semper fuisti, Ego nun- quam cessabo esse tuus ex animo totus & semper, XIX. Ianuarii. C19 IXL.
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Most illustrious and most learned, truly I cannot sufficiently marvel. If perhaps some bad Batavians seem to you to be such, what has that to do with me? Do you therefore think that I am such a one? And among the French you know many rogues, yet you do not doubt that among them also many honest men are to be found; if you were to hesitate about this, you would be unjust to yourself. Lastly, what you add, that Cartesius, once a friend, has become an enemy, and therefore that I too may change, is an argument like the former ones. I ask you, incomparable man, to indulge less in future in those vain suspicions, and wholly unworthy of you. I examine my conscience, and yet I find nothing at all that ought to have offended you. There is no one who knows me who does not also know this, how magnificently, how lovingly I have always spoken and felt of you, and how boldly, perhaps even successfully, I have opposed those who did not favor your fame and glory. What your enemies would say, if they were unwilling for you even to be sincerely and without suspicion loved by your friends. Therefore I again ask you to lay aside those suspicions, and to present yourself to me such as you have always been. I shall never cease to be wholly and always yours from the heart. 19 January. C19 IXL.
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 335 APPENDIX Aliquot CLARISSIMORUM ET DOCTISSIMORUM VIRORUM EPISTOLARUM. EPISTOLA I. HUGONI DONELLO. S.D. Albericus Gentilis. Lugdunum Batavorum. A Ut vinci pudorem a necessitate opus; aut is homo ridiculus est, qui vim verecundiæ minus facere potest. Cur enim ita non exordiar? ut ne- scio quis in hunc usque diem pudor me, Clariss. Donelle, tenuit, quominus, quod cupiebam jam diu maxime, literas aliquas meas ad te darem, captandæ scilicet familiaritatis tuæ gratia; ita nunc pudorem frangit penitus, (ac ipse libentissime permitto) difficultas quædam, qua irretitus sic teneor, ut omuino sit mihi necesse, aut tuum auxilium implorare, aut inepte vel in ignorantiæ tenebris jacere, vel miris torqueri modis, dum multos dies nequidquam con- tendo, si ipse me ab ea molestia liberare possim. At quidem, ne te multis morer, id est, quod me nunc sollicitum habet. Nulla mihi verior jam annos quattuordecim in jure versanti visa ex iis est sententia, quæ a nostratibus controvertuntur, quam receptior illa, ut verbis conjunctus re conjuncto præferatur. Nimis enim videtur in eam aperta l. re conjuncti, & nimis hujus legis verba contaminantur ab iis qui qui sint, qui Joannis & antiquiorum opinio- nem sequuntur; de quibus hic dicere opus non est: & a Iasone, aliisque a- bunde sunt confutati. Sed & Bartolus, & qui etiamnum a partibus ejus Glossa- soris manent, ipsi ajunt vel invitis hominis sententiam tenendam, pares hosce conjunctos facientis: & id tantum propter unam legem Mævio. de leg. 2. Quid tu Donelle eruditissime? Ego a Paulo, rem istam & ex professo & ple- nius tractante, ne latum unguem discedere ob Iavolenum possum, & (uttibi quisum fatear) in ea sum opinione constitutus, nullas esse in jure antinomias. Quid ergo? satisfactum cuperem Iavoleno, ac Pauli illam decisionem manere, qua verbis conjunctum facit altero superiorem. Huic desiderio meo nullus ex tanto interpretum numero, quos vidi, nectantillum præstat: & adii, opi- nor omnes, quorum suppetit copiam Anglia, facto ab Glossariis ipsis initio usque ad Iasonem: sed & Alciatum præterea, & quite insignibus Doctoratus ornavit, Duarenum. Nam quid facilius, quam omnium dictata commen- tave
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LETTERS OF THE MEN. 335 APPENDIX Of Some LETTERS OF MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED MEN. LETTER I. TO HUGO DONELLUS. S.D. Albericus Gentilis. Leiden. That shame is overcome by necessity is a thing of need; or that man is ridiculous who can do less than restrain a sense of modesty. For why should I not begin thus? so that, I know not what shame, Clariss. Donellus, has until this very day held me back from giving you some letters of mine, long and much desired, for the sake, namely, of seeking your acquaintance; thus now that same shame is completely broken, and I myself very willingly allow it, by a certain difficulty, in which I am so entangled and held fast that it is altogether necessary for me either to implore your help, or ineptly to lie in the darkness of ignorance, or to be tormented in strange ways while in vain for many days I strive, if I myself can free myself from that annoyance. But, not to detain you long, this is what now troubles me. For one who has now been engaged in the law for fourteen years, no opinion among those disputed by our own writers has seemed to me more sound than that more commonly received one, namely that in matters of words the conjunction of terms is to be preferred to the conjunction of things. For the text of l. re conjuncti seems to lean too openly in that direction, and the words of this law are too much distorted by those who follow the opinion of Johannes and the earlier writers—of whom there is no need to speak here, and who have been sufficiently refuted by Jason and others. But Bartolus, and those who still remain on the side of that glossator, themselves say that even against a man’s will his opinion must be followed, making these conjuncts equal; and this solely on account of one law in Mævius, de leg. 2. What say you, most learned Donellus? For my part, from Paul, who treats this matter both expressly and at length, I cannot depart by so much as a hair’s breadth on account of Javolenus; and, to confess to you the truth, I am of the opinion that there are no contradictions in the law. What then? I should wish satisfaction to be given to Javolenus, and that Paul’s decision should remain, by which he makes the one joined by words superior to the other. Among so many interpreters as I have seen, none lends any support to this desire of mine: and I have consulted, I think, all of whom England has a supply, beginning with the Glossators themselves and extending to Jason; and also Alciatus besides, and Duarenus, whom distinguished doctorate has adorned. For what is easier than the commentaries on the dicta of all ...
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336 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. tave justis quidem argumentis refutare? Age, obsecro te, vir humanissime, postquam libri te tui, multorum sermones, Scipionis fratris mei auditoris tui litteræ Jurisconsultum eximium clamant, & eximia præditum humanitate contestantur, age exime me ista salebra. Quod nullum ego non tentem modum, quo me inde expediam, id sane aut in contrarium facit, aut juvat omnino nihil. Suspicabar falsas illas esse interpretum traditiones, quibus docemur, conjunctos verbishos dici, qui verbo uno sint in oratione copulati: & arbitrabar potius eos esse, qui non tantum verbo uno, sed eadem oratione vocati sic essent, ut si eorum aliquis submoveretur, verba inepta relinquuerentur, & tota oratio vitiosa. Viden' quid facio? Transiscilicet verecundiæ lineas non modo necessario, sed dum meas istas commutationes tibi narro, nescio, an dixeris etiam, sponte ipsum a me ac libenti animo fieri. Pergo itaque. Collegi eam definitionem ab exemplo posito in ipsa l. re conjuncti. Et quo si alterum nominatorum amoveo, insullam hanc relinquis orationem, Titio fundum æquis Partibus lego. Confirmabar in ea deliberatione, quoniam verbis, non verbo, conjunctos viderim hos appellari. Accedebat, quod re conjunctorum Paulus definitionem tradiderit; verbis conjunctorum exemplum posuerit solum: ut dicere voluisse visus sit mihi, exemplum illud alterius conjunctionis definitionem referre posse. His ita quasi constitutis, verbis conjunctionem in l. Mævio. esse, jamjam negare incipiebam, quia sive Sejum sive Mævium tollerem ex ea oratione, aptissima nihilominus maneret sententia. Incipiebam credere Mævium & Sejum re esse conjunctos, etenim & aliquam adesse conjunctionem oporteat, ubi de jure agitur adcrescendi, & separatim honorati soleant dici, quod ibi sit, qui ista conjunctione sociantur. Ita rem totam poteram belle componere, quum ecce irruere ista videntur. Quomodo re conjuncti sunt illi, si non eadem pars, sed altera atque altera legata est? si habent ab initio partes non eas sibiconcursu faciunt? & si isti sunt ibi re conjuncti, quidni multo magis illi, quibus res eadem æquis partibus data est? Hæreo. adhuc tamen me movebam. Rem eandem datam volui, quia Mævii pars sic in parte fuerit Seji, & contra; ut nec ille possit nec iste vel atomum sibipropriam in eo fundo adserere, confusa penitus alterius in alterius portione, ut & dictat sensus, & scribit Bar. in 5. duobus codem cap. Advocabam huc Q. Mucii opinionem dicentis, appellatione partis rem pro indiviso significari: & ita pro indiviso totum fundum relictum credebam, & ad partes has constituendas, quæ re conjunctionem impedirent, eam partium nominationem non essesatis in l. Mævio. quod figura illæ partes essent, non vi etiam ac potestate, nec enim tertium firmum esse plane in animum inducere valui. Nam qui re pro indiviso relicta, si verba deinde illa, æquis partibus, adjiciat, is videtur omninò voluisse rem indivisam dividere ex altera Servii opinione. Quid enim aliud voluisse potest. Adjungebam, quod si re conjunctionem isto casu etiam admisissent auctores, nulla superesset in toto jure verbis conjunctio; sed mixta altera esset, & realis altera! & illud quidem de mixta inerudite diceretur, si non
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336 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Can you refute them with just arguments? Come now, I beg you, most humane man, after your books, the talk of many people, and the letters of Scipio, my brother and your hearer, proclaim you an outstanding jurist and attest that you are endowed with exceptional humanity, come, rid me of this obstacle. I try every possible method by which to free myself from it, but it either leads to the opposite conclusion, or helps not at all. I suspected those traditions of the interpreters to be false, by which we are taught that those are called joined by words who are linked in speech by a single word; and I thought rather that those were meant who are called together not only by one word, but in the same sentence, so that if any one of them were removed, awkward words would be left behind, and the whole sentence would be faulty. Do you see what I am doing? I am indeed crossing the bounds of modesty, not only out of necessity, but as I tell you these changes of mine, I do not know whether you would say even that this is done by my own will and gladly. So I go on. I gathered that definition from the example given in the very law re conjuncti. And if I remove one of the named persons, you leave behind this ridiculous sentence: “I bequeath the farm to Titius in equal shares.” I was strengthened in that view because I saw that those are called joined by words, not by word. There was also this point, that Paulus gave the definition of those joined by property; he gave only an example of those joined by words: so that he seemed to me to have meant to say that that example could serve as the definition of the other kind of conjunction. Having, as it were, established these things, I was already beginning to deny that there is a conjunction by words in the law Maevio., because whether I removed Sejus or Maevius from that sentence, the statement would nevertheless remain perfectly fitting. I was beginning to believe that Maevius and Sejus were joined by property; indeed some conjunction must exist where the question concerns the right of accretion, and persons honored separately are usually so called because there is someone there who is associated by that conjunction. So I could nicely arrange the whole matter, when suddenly these objections seem to rush in. How are they joined by property if not the same share, but one share and another, has been bequeathed? If they have shares from the beginning, do they not make those shares their own by coming together? And if those men are joined by property there, why are not those much more so to whom the same property has been given in equal shares? I am at a loss. Yet still I was making some headway. I wanted the same property to be given, because Maevius’s share would thus have been in Sejus’s share, and vice versa; so that neither one could claim even the slightest atom in that farm as peculiarly his own, since each man’s share was wholly mixed into the other’s portion, as both common sense dictates and Bar. writes in the fifth book, chapter “de duobus codem.” I brought in here the opinion of Q. Mucius, who says that by the term “share” property is meant as undivided; and so I believed that the whole farm had been left as undivided, and that for establishing these shares, which would prevent a conjunction in property, that naming of the shares in the law Maevio. was not enough, since those shares would exist in form, not even in force and effect; nor could I bring myself to think there was clearly a firm third possibility. For the man who, property left as undivided, then adds those words “in equal shares,” seems plainly to have wanted to divide what was undivided, according to the alternative opinion of Servius. For what else could he have intended? I also added that if the authorities had admitted a conjunction by property in this case, there would remain in the whole law no conjunction by words; rather, one kind would be mixed, and the other real! And that indeed about the mixed kind would be spoken unlearnedly, if not
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 337 non daremus separatam alteram speciem conjunctionis. Tandem sic etiam ratiocinabar. Re conjunctio perit admixta expressa verbis conjunctione, quia illa sane fuerit infirmior, utpote quam per argumenta elici necesse sit & conjecturas. Nam quod idem Titio, & idem Scjo debeatur, non aliter quidem cognoscimus, nisi quoniam partes nullas possumus considerare, quæ non sint utriusque communes. Quid mirum igitur? si simul manente expressa verbis conjunctione, nullius est altera considerationis? admixta pereunt satis multa, quæ sola manere potuissent; & pereat igitur re conjunctio conjunctioni verbis admixta in exemplo l. re conjuncti, & maneat, quæ sola stat, in specie l. Mavio. Absolvi antem ineptias meas. Nam quo alio hæc nomine appellem, quæ nec placere possunt auctori suo? sed causam verissimam dixi, cur voluerim ipsa describere. Te iterum atque iterum rogo, ut sententiam tuam in difficili hac quæstione mihi exponas; ut amori & observantiæ meæ in te cumulus tantus accedat, quantus maximus esse potest. Interimvale, & si quid in Anglia tua causa possum, id etiam enixe peto ut velis tantum quid va-leam significare, nam hoc satis esse re ipsa cognosces, quo officio me tibi obligabis. Oxon. V. Id. Febr. M. D. LXXXIII. EPISTOLA II. HUGONI DONELLO. S. D. Albericus Gentilis. Lugdunum Batavorum. UT qui diu, magnaque jactatus tenuestate est, nec si pedem in littore figat, credere potest, non adhuc in mari esse: ita mihi (& tu recte litteris tuis conjecisti) accidit, Donelle eruditiss; cum illa l. Mavio de leg. 2. a qua exagitatus maxime, ne nunc quidem videor mihi plane liberatus, utut sim immo tutus per tuam doctissimam epistolam redditus? quam a Scipione fratre hoc ipso die accepi, quo Oxoniam hinc Londino cogito. Verum colligam animum, & acquiescam penitus documentis tuis, quæ & firma existimo, & scio indies magis me probaturum. Nec enim potui hic ipsa diligentiis considerare, ubi libros nullos habeo, & iter meditor totus. Gratias ingentes tibi ago, vir Doctissime, & quando ita tibi plaucit in numerum tuo-rum me recipere: ut ego operam dabo, ne ab eo excidam unquam, ita tu pro tua humanitate velis rogo animum istum retinere, ac credere, me ne-mini in te amando atque impense colendo cedere. Vale. Londini. die 24. April. secundum antiquum morem. EPISTOLA III. HUGONI DONELLO. S. D. Albericus Gentilis. Lugdunum Batavorum. Nihil est quod aliud scribam, & tamen aliam hanc non sino elabi occa-sionem, quando juvenis iste, Germanus quidem, sed studiosus Oxo- Vv nien-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 337 we would not give a second, separate species of conjunction. At length I argued thus also. The conjunction in fact perishes when mixed with the conjunction expressed in words, because that one would certainly be the weaker, since it must be elicited by arguments and conjectures. For that the same thing is due to Titius and to Scævius we learn in no other way than because we can consider no parts that are not common to both. What wonder, then, if, while the conjunction expressed in words remains at the same time, the other is of no account? Many things perish when mixed in, which might have remained by themselves; and so let the conjunction in fact, mixed with the conjunction in words, perish in the example of the conjunction in fact, and let that remain which stands alone in the species of the case of Mavius. I have finished my foolishness. For by what other name should I call these things, which cannot even please their own author? But I have stated the very truest reason why I wished to set them down myself. I beg you again and again to explain to me your opinion in this difficult question; so that so great an addition may be made to my love and regard for you as can possibly be greatest. Meanwhile, farewell; and if in your England I can do anything on your behalf, I also earnestly ask that you will be willing to let me know how much I may be able to do, for by this service you will know enough in fact, by which duty you will bind me to you. Oxford, the fifth day before the Ides of February, 1583. EPISTLE II. TO HUGO DONELLUS. S. D. Albericus Gentilis. Lugdunum Batavorum. AS one who for a long time has been tossed about by great hardship, and if he plant his foot on the shore cannot believe that he is not still at sea: so it has happened to me, most learned Donellus, and you rightly conjectured this from your letters, concerning that l. Mavii de leg. 2. by which I have been most vexed; I do not yet even now seem to myself to be wholly free, though rather I have been made secure by your most learned letter, which I received from Scipio, my brother, on this very day, on which I am thinking of going from here to Oxford, via London. But I shall collect my mind, and rest entirely upon your proofs, which I consider sound, and I know I shall prove them more and more each day. For here I could not examine the matter diligently, where I have no books, and I am wholly occupied with planning my journey. I give you many thanks, most learned man, and since it has pleased you thus to receive me into the number of your own: as I shall take care never to fall out of it, so you, I beg, according to your kindness, will wish to retain that disposition, and believe that in loving and greatly honoring you I yield to no one. Farewell. London, the 24th day of April, according to the old style. EPISTLE III. TO HUGO DONELLUS. S. D. Albericus Gentilis. Lugdunum Batavorum. There is nothing for me to write, and yet I do not let this other occasion slip, since that young man, indeed German, but studious of Oxo- Vv nien-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. niensis Leidam & ad te aliosque istius Academiæ Professores, more suæ gentis invisendos venit. Quid igitur? quod videlicet non ante quindecim dies, & quod primis illis meis literis scripsi, ut me unum ex tuorum numero sic esse existimes, ut nulli velim in te amando, colendoque palmam unquam concedere. Et jure id quidem: nam unus Donellus ex tribus illis primariis Galliæ juris interpretibus est, qui non solum doctius & solidius, sed graviter etiam scribit, hoc est sine maledictis & contumeliis, quorum plena sunt duorum scripta: & tamen hæc sapiunt nihil prudentiam juris. Ego certe sic sum ex eo genere scribendi offensus, ut quos antea amaverim, post potuerim etiam odisse. Non pervenerunt istic ad manus tuas mei quidam Dialogi? sane nec digni sunt, qui oculistuis spectentur. Sed in illis ego hoc tentavi, ut istis hominibus virtutes has suas saltem ostenderem, si aliud assequi datum non erit. Accipe potius hos duos Lectionum libros: qui accuratius editi sunt: nam Dialogos vel inter imprimendum componere potui. In primo Lectionum est epistola ad te. Volui scilicet lumen aliquod mihi quærere aut ex hoc, quod ad te scripserim. Sic nihil habui, & tamen solium implevi. Vale, Præstantissime Donelle, & me ama. Londini V. Kal. Octobr. EPISTOLA IV. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Fredericus Sylburgius. Heidelbergam. Quia non amplius apud Joannem Wechelum habito, Gentilis elegantissime, ideo nuper eum adii, ut ex eo cognoscerem, quidnam de tuo libro constituisset: respondit se jam dudum ea de re misisse ad te literas. Ad quas simulatque responderis, visurum se quid fieri a se possit. Ad me quod attinet, jam etsi ante laborum plus justo fortasse sustineo, tamen si apud eum adhuc essem, interdum aliquid adjumenti attulissein ad libri editionem expoliendam. Quanquam spero ita utrimque comparata esse omnia, ut mea ope & consilio non sit opus futurum. Nos inter alia præ manibus nunc habemus Latinos Historiæ Romanæ auctores eos qui Cæsarum Vitæ scripserunt, & viam nobis ad Cæsaream Historiam præmunierunt: quorum hæc potissimum sunt nomina & series. Caroli Sigonii Fasti, cum ejusdem commentario: L. Florus, Vellejus Paterculus; Messalla Corvinus, Eutropius, Sextus Rufus, Sextus Aurelius Victor, Cassiodorus, Suetonius, Aëlius Spartanus, Julius Capitolinus, Vulcatius Gallicanus, Aëlius Lampridius, Trebellius Pollio, Flavius Vopiscus, Ammianus Marcellinus, Pomponius Lætus, Baptista Egnatius. Tu si quid ad horum expolitionem velis contribuere, aut aliunde nobis impetrare, tacies nobis & reipubl. officium gratissimum. Vale Francofurti in ædibus Joannis Aubrii 20. Iun. 1587. EPI-
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Most clear and most learned. He came to Leiden and to you and the other Professors of that Academy, in the custom of his country, to pay a visit. What then? Indeed, not until fifteen days ago, and, as I wrote in my first letter, so regard me as one of your number, that I would yield to no one in loving and honoring you. And with good reason, too: for Donellus alone is one of those three principal interpreters of law in France who not only writes more learnedly and more soundly, but also with dignity, that is, without the abuse and insults with which the writings of the other two are full; and yet these contain nothing of legal prudence. I myself am so offended by that manner of writing that those whom I previously loved I could afterward even hate. Did some of my Dialogues not reach your hands there? Certainly they are not worthy to be looked at by your eyes. But in them I tried at least to show these men these virtues of theirs, if I should not be granted to achieve anything else. Accept rather these two books of Lectures, which have been edited more carefully; for I could have arranged the Dialogues even while they were being printed. In the first book of Lectures there is a letter to you. I wished, of course, to seek some light for myself either from this, that I had written to you. Thus I had nothing, and yet I filled the seat. Farewell, most excellent Donellus, and love me. London, the 5th day before the Kalends of October. EPISTLE IV. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. Greetings. Frederick Sylburg. Heidelberg. Since I no longer live with Johannes Wechelus, most elegant Gentili, I recently went to him in order to learn from him what he had decided about your book: he replied that he had already long since sent letters to you about that matter. As soon as you reply to them, he will see what can be done on his part. As for me, although I now bear more than my share of labor, perhaps, still, if I were still with him, I might at times have contributed something toward polishing the publication of the book. Nevertheless, I hope that everything has been arranged well enough on both sides, so that my help and advice will not be needed. Among other things, we now have in hand the Latin authors of Roman history, those who wrote the Lives of the Caesars and prepared the way for us toward Caesarian history: the chief of whom are these by name and in sequence. Carolo Sigonio's Fasti, with the same author's commentary; L. Florus, Velleius Paterculus; Messalla Corvinus, Eutropius, Sextus Rufus, Sextus Aurelius Victor, Cassiodorus, Suetonius, Aelius Spartianus, Julius Capitolinus, Vulcacius Gallicanus, Aelius Lampridius, Trebellius Pollio, Flavius Vopiscus, Ammianus Marcellinus, Pomponius Laetus, Baptista Egnatius. If you wish to contribute anything to the polishing of these, or to procure something for us from elsewhere, you will do a most welcome service to us and to the commonwealth. Farewell, at Frankfurt in the house of Johannes Aubrius, 20 June 1587. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 339 EPISTOLA V. EVERARDUS POLLIO. S.D. Scipioni Gentili. Basileam. EX Italia tua, mi Gentilis tandem in patriam redii pene, nec diffitebor, invitus. Multis mihi ea nominibus placuit, tum nescio quo ingenio regionis, quod mire allicit, nec unquam expletos dimittit. Sæpe dum ibi discurro subiit vices tuas cogitare, qui ex amoenissimis terrarum hortis in frigidas has plagas traductus doluissem, si quæ surculorum, eadem ingeniorum fors esset, sed hæc meliori fidere inspirata, ubique vigorem suum retinent. Quare nec moverunt te, quæ Heidelbergâ removerunt quorundam invidiæ (de quibus obscurè mihi auditum) imo, si recte existimo, promoverunt: omnino enim ut faces vento inflammantur magis, & dilucescunt, ita odiis ignei excelsique animi. Qui quomodo premantur! dum vivida illa vis sursum, disjecta quantumvis magna mole, erumpit. Ita ego te censere & reverà sentire confido. Unde autem in iis enatæ occasiones (absit a tuo tam ingenuo pectore illud virus) si quid facere putabis, tribus verbis quæsoscribe. Hæc habebam de tuis rebus, quas apud quosvis inde venientes diligenter inquisivi. Non potui tamen certi quid credere, dum per totum hoc, quod absumus tempus nihil a te literarum sane habebam, de quo tecum conquererer, nisi D. Verhovius leniisset Res nostræ publicæ hoc biennio non valde arctantur. Quod in defensivo bello non parvi augmenti est, Berta oppidulum his diebus novis præsidiis subsidiisque refertum, creptaque hosti post multam cædem decem vexilla, paulum recrearunt. Ego, ut rumor ad nos sæpe, vix eum statum sperabam; apud nos, tum in confinibus, turbæ. In Hollandiâ alta pax & otium. Res meæ dubiæ & incertæ, nec scio per has nubes, quospectem. Forte iterum evolabimus. De Theodoro varie audivi, nec certam mansionem. Si ibi est, velim meo nomine plurimum salutes, & rescribas. Vale, amicissime Gentilis, & me ama. Ultrajecti. Id. Octobr. anno. 1589. Stylo veteri Hospites tuos a me saluta. EPISTOLA VI. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Basileam. Franciscus Iunius. I Am diu rescripsissem, vir Clarissime, tuisque literis (ut par est) respondissem, nisi deterruisset me ratio illius militis, qui vos a nobis misere dirimit; sed quia plus latis cessare eum video, infaustaque hiberna facere, nolui committere diuturniore silentio, ut me tui erga me officii immemorem fuisse putes. Primum ergo de libro, quem misisti, gratias habeo: deinde vero quia judicium meum cupis cognoscere, de eo ita statuo, quisquis auctor Vv 2 edendi
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LETTERS OF MEN. 339 LETTER V. EVERARDUS POLLIO. S.D. To Scipio Gentili. Basel. FROM your Italy, my Gentilis, I have at last almost returned to my native country, and I shall not deny that I did so unwillingly. It pleased me in many respects, then by some strange quality of the region, which wonderfully attracts one and never lets one go satisfied. Often, while I wandered there, there came over me thoughts of your fate, who, having been brought from the most delightful garden of the earth to these cold regions, would have grieved, if trees and shoots and the same were the fortune of minds; but these, inspired by a better confidence, retain their vigor everywhere. Therefore the things that removed you from Heidelberg, whether the envy of certain men, about whom I have heard obscurely, did not move you, but rather, if I judge rightly, promoted you; for just as torches, when inflamed by the wind, blaze more and shine more brightly, so do the hatreds of fiery and lofty spirits. How they are pressed down! while that living force, driven upward, bursts forth despite whatever great mass is cast upon it. Thus I trust that you judge and truly feel. But as to the occasions that arose from those matters, may that poison be far from your so noble breast—if you think that anything should be done, write back in three words. This is what I had concerning your affairs, which I diligently inquired into from all who came from there. Yet I could not believe anything certain, while through all this time during which we have been apart I had indeed received no letters from you, and on that account I should complain to you, unless Mr. Verhovius had softened matters. Our public affairs have not been much straitened this past two years. That is no small gain in a defensive war; Berta, a little town, having these days been filled with new garrisons and reinforcements, and the enemy having lost ten banners after much slaughter, have somewhat revived hope. I, as rumor often reaches us, scarcely hoped for such a state; among us, and also in the border districts, there is turmoil. In Holland there is deep peace and leisure. My own affairs are doubtful and uncertain, and I do not know, through these clouds, where I should look. Perhaps we shall fly off again. I have heard various things about Theodorus, and no certain place of residence. If he is there, I should like you to greet him very much in my name, and write back. Farewell, most friendly Gentilis, and love me. At Utrecht. The Ides of October, in the year 1589, old style. Greet your guests from me. LETTER VI. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. S.D. Basel. Franciscus Iunius. I would long ago have written back, most distinguished sir, and replied to your letter as was fitting, had not the situation of that soldier deterred me, who miserably separates you from us; but since I see that he is remaining on leave longer, and is making the winter quarters fatal, I did not wish, by a longer silence, to allow you to think that I had forgotten my duty toward you. First, therefore, I thank you for the book you sent; then, since you desire to know my opinion, I judge thus about it: whoever the author may be of the publication...
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edendi fuit, eum non vacare culpa. Nam primum non puto eam fuisse Erasti mentem quam ille obtendit, quandoquidem misera illa controversia in confessu virorum bonorum fidelissimorumque testium composita atque sedata est, & au- ctor cum iis reconciliatus, qui statim in præfatione perstringuntur. Si contra hanc pacificationem Erastus venit, culpandus: si non, qui certe rixas emortuas quocunque studio revocat, reprehendendus est. Omnino aut Erastum aut here- dem in culpa esse oportet. De Erasto non puto: hoc quidem puto rixosas char- tas ab eo servatas esse, sed cavendi animo, ac non commovendi & lacessendi ultro: Deinde nonne jam plus satis fervet Ecclesia contentionibus, & propter Deum pacis Ecclesiamque illius, silentium sacrum occupari oportuit? Alia di- cerem, sed hoc viro bono plus satis. Ad summam: dolet mihi sine ulla necessi- tate, sine occasione justa, sine specie occasionis (jamenim utrique obdormierunt in Domino) ista obtrudi Ecclesiis, in quibus conservandis & compingendis nos omnes ad laborare necesse est, & nævos alienos Spiritu pietatis, charitatis con- tegere. Quam rem ipsi editionis auctori religiose dicturus essem, si me consu- leret. Sed quod factum est infectum esse non potest. Prospiciat Dominus. Nos tibi, reverendis clarissimisque viris Dominis observandis salutem pluri- mam dicimus a Domino. Heidelbergæ die Lunæ. XXII. Decembris. 13 13 LXXXIX. EPISTOLA VII. SCIPIONI GENTILIS. D. Franciscus Iunius. Altorsium. Blnas a teliteras accepi, vir Clarissime: unas, ante menses aliquot postquam ad biennium & amplius incerto coelo, incertis manibus oberrassent; alteras his diebus per adolescentem illum, qui ad nos migravit. Illarum erratio inde profecta, quod Leydam inscripseras, illi autem Lerdam constanter legerunt: ita asservatæ sunt literæ in loco Lerdam, donec curavit ad me perferri quidam vir bonus, qui de nomine meo forte inaudiverat. Vides levissimam aberratio- nis causam tam diuturnæ. Quid agas? non respondi ad eas, quia tum nescio quid percrebuerat de migratione tua, quam opinionem mihi posteriores tuæ exemerunt. De voluntate mea velim te certiorem esse erga te & fideli & constante. Officium si quod fuit, gratum & utile fuisse gaudeo, nam mihi qui- dem illud in votis semper, prodesse cunctis velim, obesse nemini. Sed hæc mitto quæ præterierunt: ad præsentia venio. De tuo tuorumque studio erga me gratias habeo: par de me studium erga vos spondeo. Si quid erit quod ve- stra causa a me desiderabitur, re ipsa præstiturus ac lubentissime. Interea ego in hoc coelo publica studia curo, ut possum, quia ut vellem non licet. Graves sunt hic mihi auræ maritimæ & venti perflantes, meamque conturbant frequentius valetudinem. In eodem genere lectionum pergo, quam possum diligentissime: cur enim ad alia transvolem? studia in argumentis gravibus, quæ
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It was the duty, and he was not free from blame. For, first, I do not think that was Erastus’s intention, which he sets forth, since that unfortunate dispute was settled and calmed in the presence of good and most faithful witnesses, and the author was reconciled with those whom he at once attacks in the preface. If Erastus has come against this pacification, he is to be blamed; if not, then the one who, by whatever zeal, calls back quarrels that are dead and gone is the one who ought to be reproved. In any case, either Erastus or the heir must be at fault. I do not think it was Erastus: this much I do think, that contentious papers were preserved by him, but with the intention of guarding against them, and not of stirring them up and provoking them of his own accord. Besides, is not the Church already more than sufficiently inflamed with disputes, and, for the sake of the God of peace and His Church, ought not sacred silence to have been maintained? I could say more, but this is more than enough for a good man. In short: it pains me that, without any necessity, without any just occasion, without even the appearance of an occasion (for now both have fallen asleep in the Lord), these things should be thrust upon the churches, which we all must labor to preserve and bind together, and to cover the blemishes of others with the spirit of piety and charity. I would have said this matter itself to the author of the edition, if he had consulted me. But what has been done cannot be undone. May the Lord provide. We send you, to the reverend and most distinguished gentlemen who are to be honored, very many greetings in the Lord, from Heidelberg, Monday, 22 December. 13 13 LXXXIX. EPISTLE VII. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. D. Franciscus Junius. Altorsium. I have received your letters, most distinguished sir: one set, some months ago, after they had wandered for more than two years under an uncertain sky, in uncertain hands; the other only these days, through that young man who has migrated to us. The wandering of the former arose from this, that you had addressed them to Leydam, while they had consistently read Lerdam; thus the letters were kept in the place Lerdam until a certain good man, who had perhaps never heard my name, took care to have them brought to me. You see from what very slight a cause so long an error arose. What was I to do? I did not answer them, because at that time something or other had gone around about your moving away, an opinion which your later letters removed from me. I wish you to be assured of my disposition toward you, both faithful and constant. If I have rendered any service, I rejoice that it was welcome and useful; for it has always been my wish to benefit all and harm no one. But I pass over what is past: I come to the present. I am grateful for your devotion and that of your household toward me: I pledge an equal devotion from myself toward you. If there shall be anything that is desired of me on your behalf, I shall gladly perform it in deed. Meanwhile, here in this climate I attend to public studies as best I can, because I am not allowed to do as I would. The sea air and the sweeping winds are severe for me here, and they more often disturb my health. I continue in the same sort of reading as diligently as I can: for why should I fly off to other things? Studies in serious subjects, which
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 341 quæ offeruntur interdum occupo: nec plane inutiliter, per Dei gratiam. Interea vero me Tertullianus amplius scquiannum transversum rapuit, & suis si- diculis torsit. Sed jam per Dei gratiam expedivi me ab isto equuleo, & ad Typographiam transmisi. Prohibit in publicum (spero) ad vernales nundinas. Quid nunc, interspiro ab illo labore, & meæ valetudini, quam hic afflictio- rem audis, aliquid indulgeo. Sero id quidem, postquam labefactata est perti- nace mea contentione; sed tamen cum aliquo fructu. Montes Germaniæ ad exercitationem corporis interdum desidero. Scaliger totus est in novanda sua temporum emendatione magno labore atque industria: cui a te salutem dixi. B. V. Vir clarissime & vive memor nostri. Lugduno Batavorum. XVI. Cal. Novembris. CIC I3 XCVI. EPISTOLA VIII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S. D. Franciscus Iunius. Altorsium. Clarissime vir, Literæ tuæ vestræque omnium mihi tandem sunt redditæ. quarto post mense, quam fuerant exaratæ: nam prope erant Francofurtenses nundinæ. Sed quid dicam? ea ad amicitiam sero, ad rem quæ ageba- tur non adeo venerunt sero. Nam Tertullianus meus non ita potuit ex prælo expediri, ut ad istas nundinas transvolaret. Commode ergo, commodissime allata sunt ista, ut cum Indice Tertulliani aptari possent. Bonam operam na- vavistis mihi, perbonam publico, qui & juvenem illum ad hoc officium addu- xistis, & tempus exscriptioni lectionum variarum tribuistis, quarum multas Pamelius habuit, alias conjeci, alias a vobis didici. Veruntamen omnia fer- me ita ut misit Schioppius constitui edere, cum honesta officii commemoratione. Nam multa sunt notæ optimæ. Utinam de aliis habere tantundem con- tigisset. Et voluntatem tuam amo, quod petis, & officium tuum, quod te scire interest tua & nostra. Patrum omnium gravissimum illum & nereosissi- mum Autumnales nundinæ, spero, daturæ sunt. In quem si quid ac ntuli, nihil profecto est præquam auctor dignus est. Sed voluntatem & studium bo- ni probaturi sunt. Alii meliora præstabunt, qui bene cupient publico, & poterunt. Est enim novis eqvus, quod ajunt. Nos in hoc maritimo coelo atque insolente valemus ut possumus, quia ventis acrius infestamur. Germa- nicum coelum interdum desidero causa valetudinis: sed ubicumque sit, non affe- ctaverim moram peregrinationis istius, qui patriæ domus hæreditatem exspecto in coelis & specto ardentissime. Vale. Lugduni Batavorum. XXVII. Aprilis. CIC I3 XCVII. Vv 3 EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 341 which are offered, I take up from time to time: and not altogether uselessly, by the grace of God. Meanwhile, however, Tertullian has dragged me more than enough in a cross direction, and tortured me with his little fetters. But now, by the grace of God, I have freed myself from that rack, and have sent it to the press. It will be prohibited from going into public, I hope, until the spring fairs. What am I doing now? I am breathing again after that labor, and giving some indulgence to my health, which here, as you hear, is rather broken. Late indeed I have done this, after my stubborn persistence has been shaken; yet still with some fruit. Sometimes I long for the mountains of Germany for bodily exercise. Scaliger is wholly occupied in innovating his own correction of the chronology, with great labor and industry: to him I have sent my greetings. Farewell, most distinguished sir, and remember us. Leyden. XVI. Cal. November. 1596. EPISTLE VIII. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. Greeting. Franciscus Junius. Altorsium. Most distinguished sir, your letters and those of you all have at last been delivered to me, in the fourth month after they had been written; for the Frankfurt fair was nearly at hand. But what shall I say? They came late enough for friendship, but not so very late for the business in hand. For my Tertullian could not be got out of the press in time to fly off to that fair. So these things were brought quite suitably, indeed most suitably, so that they might be fitted together with the Index of Tertullian. You have done me a good service, a very good one to the public too, since you both brought that young man to this task and devoted time to the copying of various readings, many of which Pamelius had, others I inferred, others I learned from you. Nevertheless, I have resolved to publish almost everything exactly as Schioppius sent it, with an honorable acknowledgement of the office. For there are many excellent notes. If only I had been able to obtain as much regarding the others. And I love your willingness, because you ask, and your service, because it concerns your knowledge and ours. I hope the autumn fairs will provide the gravest and most learned of all the Fathers. Whatever I may have added to him, it is certainly nothing, compared with how worthy the author is. But the good will and diligence will be approved. Others, who will wish well to the public and are able, will provide better things. For, as they say, it is a new horse. We, in this maritime sky and unusual climate, are as well as we can, because we are assailed more sharply by the winds. I sometimes long for the German climate on account of my health; but wherever it may be, I would not have delayed the journey of this pilgrimage, since I await the inheritance of my paternal house in the heavens and look toward it most ardently. Farewell. Leyden. XXVII. April. 1597. Vv 3 EPI-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA IX. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Dionysius Gothofredus. Altorfium. DE urbis nostræ statu postremis ad te meis velut in transitu quædam per- scripseram. Piget præsentia referre, quod & præsentes istic coram sis habiturus, a quibus omnia nostra omnino cognoscas. Frangi me putas ista mutatione miserrima. Occallui ad ista. Hic, ibi esse mihi non novum, ubi- vis sum impellente vento, & si severiter urges, nullibi. Deus, opinor tan- dem mihi otia benigne faciet. Sed cum veltras ad me ac recentiores tuas literas retracto, video factum quod infectum fuisse velles. Ab his nec abludit ani- mus, rebus (uti spero) vel integris utrimque, de quo fac (quæso) ut, con- ditionibus omnibus adjectis, ex te intelligam quamprimum. Hoc illove modo res ceciderint, præsens absens tuorum me beneficiorum recordatione oblectabo. Sed tamen ut scias non id unum tantum abs te petiisse, Genero- sum Slupetium Polonum cum Grægorio præceptore & Petro Boëtio, quam possum fideliter, studiorum causa ad vos euntes, commendo. Et hunc prostre- mum quidem iterato, quod a nostris ædibus recens discedit, & (quod luben- tius fortassis audies) quod in litteris humanioribus progressus meo judicio ma- ximos fecerit. His omnibus si quid beneficii abs te collatum erit mea causa, mihi benefactum ea parte putavero. Vale & me ut heri, hodie etiamnum amare ne desine. Magnificum D. Rectorem Taurelium officiosissime saluto, vel hoc nominatim, quod non ita dudum, cum ad D. Sebizium Collegam no- strum de suis rebus scriberet, in re certa mihi cautum voluerit; saluto & eodem animo cæteros omnes D D. Collegas tuos Clarissimos amice ac sincerè: sed te omnium nunc maxime. Argentorato. XXIX. Iunii. CICIDXCII. EPISTOLA X. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Dionysius Gothofredus. Altorfium. TE mei curam habere, ex tuis ad Brederodium certo deprehendi: nam & measacriter sagitasti, & de censore quodam novo Ingolstadiensi amicis- sime monuisti: ne dedecus ille domus sciat ultimus. Parum illud tamen, nisi & nomen Catonis mei & locos ab eodem notatos indicaveris, quod cum te fa- cturum per literas Brederodio pollicitus sis, urgeo quam possum maxime. Fa- cies itaque id (ut spero) prima quaque occasione. Nec movebor interim his carptoribus vel si conviciati fuerint. Cui scribenti non hostis aliquis op- positus? Ordinis nostri homines nosti: nasuti satis ac momi. Num in omni- bus felix Accursius, quique eum seculi majorum gentium interpretes? non suos nacti crabrones Alciatus, Cujacius & cæteri nostri? Quidni mihi quo- que
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MOST FAMOUS AND MOST LEARNED. EPISTLE IX. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. S.D. Dionysius Gothofredus. Altdorf. In my latest letters to you I had written something, as it were in passing, about the condition of our city. It grieves me to report present matters, since you will have people there in person, from whom you will learn everything about us completely. Do you think I am broken by this most wretched change? I have grown hardened to such things. To be here or there is nothing new to me; wherever I am, I am driven by the wind, and if you press me severely, nowhere. God, I think, will at last kindly grant me some leisure. But when I turn over your letters to me and your more recent ones, I see that what has happened is what you would have wished had not happened. My mind does not dissent from these matters, which, as I hope, are still intact on both sides; on this point, please see that I may as soon as possible learn from you, conditions being added in full. However matters have turned out, in my presence or absence I shall take comfort in the remembrance of your kindnesses to me. But so that you may know that I have not asked this alone of you, I commend to you, as faithfully as I can, the noble Polishman Slupetius, together with Gregory the teacher and Peter Boëthius, who are going to you for the sake of study. And I especially commend this last one again, since he has only recently departed from our house, and because, perhaps more gladly will you hear it, he has in my judgment made the greatest progress in humane letters. If any favor is shown by you to all these on my account, I shall think that I have been benefited in that part. Farewell, and do not cease to love me, as yesterday, so even now today. I greet most respectfully the Magnificent Mr. Rector Taurelius, especially for this reason by name, that not long ago, when he was writing to Mr. Sebizius, our colleague, about his own affairs, he wished me to be kept safe in a matter of certainty; I greet also in the same spirit all your other most distinguished colleagues, with friendship and sincerity: but you above all, now most of all. Strasbourg, 29 June 1592. EPISTLE X. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. S.D. Dionysius Gothofredus. Altdorf. I clearly gathered from your letter to Brederodius that you take care for me; for you have both sharply pricked me and, most kindly, warned my friends about a certain new censor in Ingolstadt, lest that man should learn the disgrace of the house last of all. But that is still not enough unless you also indicate my Cato’s name and the passages noted by him, which, since you promised Brederodius in writing that you would do it, I urge as strongly as I can. So please do this at the first opportunity, as I hope. Nor shall I be moved in the meantime by these critics, even if they have spoken abusively. To whom, when writing, has some enemy not stood opposed? You know the men of our order: sharp-nosed enough and envious. Was Accursius fortunate in everything, and those who among the ancients of the same kind are his interpreters? Did not Alciatus, Cujas, and the rest of ours find their own hornets? Why should I too not
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 343 que communis hæc alea sit, impari &c in inferioribus subselliis posito? Fas sit istis cum canibus hirrire impune, quod sermone humano uti (propter impe- ritiam) non possint. Illis jus certe notandi est, sive quia liberi, sive quia artifices periti: sic tamen ut si non injuria censuerint, vel palam a me bonam gra- tiam referant: sin injuria, modestiam a me eandem exspectent. His acutulis virtus nostra excitabitur: juvabis me (mi Scipio) si res ad triarios redierit, aut si qua bellua Africana ferocior occurrerit. De te tuaque humanitate ac benevolentia omnia mihi persuasi; ab eadem in posterum quoque amicitiæ in- ter nos sancitæ ac juratæ fructum exspectabo. Ad publica nostra venio, de quibus per Cl. Casaubonum amicum veterem & fidum (cui has abeunti ad vos commisi) certior multo possis fieri. Quod paucis tamen dictum sit: ne- que belli gerendi, neque pacis firmiter conciliandæ via nobis patere nunc vi- detur. Si quid invicem istic fuerit, quod me rescire intererit, monebis tem- pori: sic ut tibi omnino persuadeas perpetuam ac constantem mihi tecum fuis- se, esse ac fore amicitiam. Casaubonum interim tibi quam possum diligenter commendo, ut per te aditus ad eos illi pateat, quos & literas & literatos amare tibi certo constiterit. Vale. Argentorato. Ianuarii. XXVII. CICIXCIXII. EPISTOLA XI. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Dionysius Gothofredus. Altorsium. Quod mea causa (vir Clarissime) tot adversariis meis te amicissime op- posuisti, jucundissimum mihi fuit ex tuis intelligere. Unus enim tu mihi satis pro illis omnibus. Et tamen jam dudum firmiter apud me decretum est convitiatores istos & admurmuratores tamæ alienæ silentio præterire: usque adeo ego audiendo & obdurando, illi adlatrando, singuli varie voluptatem capimus. Ingolltadiensi illi, de quo rescribis, addo alterum Rixium, qui me hocce mercatu epistola quadam 30. Antinomiarum suarum præfixa palam diffamavit. Ridebis, si dixero, inter præcipuos triumphos suos hæc referre, quod primus Cecropidarum majusculis literis leges vulgatæ editionis a Flo- rentinis distinxerit: quod Authenticis Codicis numerum novellarum adjecerit, & in novellis Authenticas Codicis præmonstrarit. Quid si plura præstitisset aut majora, putasne Thrasonem illum omissurum fuisse? In his tamen ita gloria- tur, ut & meam editionem sibi vindicet, & interdicto mecum experiri posse existimet. Velim tamen omnes sciant prius illud a Contio cæterisque antea ob- servatum: alterum autem ab Haloandro. Quid amplius? non existimationis aut juvandæ posteritatis causa scribere me jactare ausus est, sed lucri aut rei faciendæ gratia: quam calumniam quæso, qua fronte homo omnium qui sunt, erunt, aut fuerunt in ea re sordidissimus, inurete mihi potuit? scatet pleris- que talibustanti viri epistola, quam, si tibi a Misis vacare contigerit mea causa percurrere dignabere. Hæc etsi in animum meum non penetrant, ut adfi- ciant,
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 343 what if this common hazard be set in the lower benches, unequal &c.? Let it be lawful for these men to growl with the dogs with impunity, since they cannot use human speech (because of their lack of skill). They certainly have the right to criticize, whether because they are free men or because they are skilled craftsmen; yet so that, if they have judged justly, they may either openly receive from me due thanks; but if unjustly, let them expect from me the same modesty. Our virtue will be stirred up by these sharp fellows: you will help me, my Scipio, if matters come back to the triarii, or if any fiercer African beast should appear. About you and your kindness and goodwill I have convinced myself of everything; from the same I shall in future also expect the fruit of the friendship established and sworn between us. I come now to our public affairs, concerning which you may be much better informed through our old and faithful friend Cl. Casaubon, to whom I entrusted these lines as he was departing to you. Yet let this be said briefly: it seems to us that no way is now open either for waging war or for firmly bringing about peace. If there should be anything there in return, which it would be important for me to know, you will let me know in good time: so that you may be fully persuaded that friendship with you has been, is, and will be perpetual and constant for me. Meanwhile I commend Casaubon to you as diligently as I can, that through you access may be opened for him to those whom I know you certainly to be fond of both letters and men of learning. Farewell. From Strasbourg, January 27, CICIXCIXII. EPISTLE XI. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. S.D. Dionysius Gothofredus. Altorsium. That, for my sake, you most kindly stood against so many of my adversaries, I learned with great pleasure from your letter, most distinguished sir. For you alone are enough for me in place of them all. And yet it has long since been firmly resolved by me to pass over these abusive and muttering critics of another man’s work in silence: so much so that I, by listening and hardening myself, and they by barking, each of us in our own way takes pleasure. To the Ingollstadian of whom you write, I add another, Rixius, who by means of this market has publicly defamed me in a certain letter prefixed with thirty of his Antinomies. You will laugh if I say that among his chief triumphs he counts this: that he was the first of the Cecropids to distinguish in capital letters the laws of the common edition from those of the Florentines; that he added the number of the Novels to the Authenticum of the Codex, and in the Novels pointed out the Authenticum of the Codex. What if he had accomplished more or greater things—do you think that Thraso would have omitted them? Yet in these matters he boasts so much that he claims my edition for himself too, and thinks he can proceed against me under an injunction. I would however like everyone to know that the former point had already been observed by Contius and others before him; the latter by Haloander. What more? He dared to write, not for the sake of reputation or of benefiting posterity, but for the sake of gain or making money: what calumny, I ask, with what face could that man, the meanest of all who are, who will be, or who have been in this matter, have cast upon me? That letter of so great a man is full of such things, which, if it should happen that you have leisure at Misis to go through it for my sake, you will deign to do. Although these things do not penetrate my mind so as to affect it,
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. ciant, cautiorem tamen in posterum reddent. Et vero, si unquam antea cu- ra sollicitior a me adhibebitur, ut optimam juris editionem habeamus. Hæc mihi vindicta atque ultio de meis, non alia: in hoc uno totus sum, mi Gentilis, quod confidentius tibi indico, cum te cupere scire de rebus meis in ima tuarum cera rescribas: at ego invicem aveo ex te intelligere, qua fine augureris hos non solum animis sed & locis & corporibus conjunctissimos fore. De Frisia haud dissimulabo, semel atque iterum ab Ordinibus misso in id mihi tabella- rio sollicitatum me fuisse: sed mutationes istæ (ut scis) mihi longum agmen familiæ trahenti, non ita expeditæ ac faciles; nunquam sane, nisi evidenter in melius sint, de quo tamen mihi tum liquere non potuit. Sic diffisa causa est, cujus maturandæ potestas penes eos qui vocant. Id si tibi augurium est, se- creti tui partem apud me tantam esse patiare: Concors internos amicitia & si- des est. Vides quid actum, agenda possis ipse prævidere, & si ita est correum facere. Sin aliud est quod auguraris, mature monitum voles: Provisa minus ferient: sic tamen ut non nisi fidissimis hominibus literas tuas committas. Bre- derodius noster Genevæ est, a parente senectutis allevandæ causa accitus. Se (uti mea opinio est) optimo & meritissimo seni præsentem dabit. Si ad nos ve- nerit, faciam, ut in transcursu tui sit memor, dum te nec molestissime com- pellet. Tuas interim cupidissime expectabo: nonnihil enim suspiciunculæ circa Belgas jam movisti. Valeo mi amicissime Scipio, & me pro animorum & studiorum gentilitate communi ut soles amplectere. Argentinæ. xxx. Junii. CIC 13 xcvi I. Illud prætermiseram pene, tuas vI I. Junii perscriptas xxvi. ejus- dem redditas mihi fuisse per D. Lobbetium. Moram satis importunam vides. EPISTOLA XII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S. D. Dionysius Gothofredus. Altorsum. Adolescens a te mihi commendatus tuas ipse mihi reddidit. Probe com- mendatum puta, ut & alios qui tuis literis instructi posthac ad me vene- rint. Est inter nos, video, genius quidam communis, qui studiorum mo- rumque similitudine nos conjunxit. Hoc itaque tibi certo persuade, me χαρίον ἀγνων tuum esse. Istic belli metum maximum esse scribis; sed in bel- lo pene nostra jam Gallia est, nisi mos ad aliquid Principibus multis, qui foe- dus inter se boni publici causa in iisso dicuntur, geratur. Sperant tamen multi rem totam brevi compositum iri, legatis eum in finem a Rege ad unitos illos Principes missis. Inter legatos est Thuanus, Boissius & Ianinius. Homines cordatrapacisque studiosi omnes sunt, nostra quidem quod attinet, & quidem privata. Vicini vestri Neoburgici remis velisque furiosi in unum prope me feruntur, cum primis vero senior, Zesclinus scilicet, meum in caput sæviter admodum bacchatur. His nundinis prodromi mei defensorem primum habe- bis: sequentibus vero, si Deus vitam mihi fecerit, sequentes. Septimum quo-
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Very clear and very learned. They will make him more cautious in the future, however. And indeed, if ever before, my care will be the more anxious that we may have the best edition of the law. This is my revenge and retaliation for my own people, and no other: in this one matter alone am I wholly occupied, my dear Gentilis, which I tell you with the greater confidence, since you are eager to know about my affairs and write back in the margin of your wax tablets. But I in turn am eager to learn from you by what end you foretell that these men, joined together not only in spirit but also in place and body, will be so. I shall not conceal from you concerning Friesland that, once and again, when the Estates sent a courier for that purpose, I was solicited: but such changes, as you know, for me, dragging along a long train of household dependents, are not so easy or convenient; certainly never unless they are plainly for the better, which at that time I could not make clear to myself. Thus the cause was deferred, the power to hasten it resting with those who summon. If this is your augury, allow so much of your secret to remain with me: friendship and faith are united among us. You see what has been done; you may yourself foresee what remains to be done, and if that is so, make it correspond. If, however, it is something else that you foretell, you will wish to have been warned in time: what is foreseen strikes less hard. Yet let it be so, provided that you entrust your letters only to the most faithful men. Our Brederode is at Geneva, summoned there by his father for the sake of easing his old age. He (as I judge) will be given to the excellent and most deserving old man in person. If he comes to us, I shall make it so that he thinks of you in passing, while at the same time he does not trouble you too much. Meanwhile I shall await yours most eagerly, for you have already stirred up some little suspicion concerning the Belgians. Farewell, my dearest Scipio, and embrace me as you always do for the common kinship of our hearts and our studies. At Strasbourg, June 30. CIC 13 xcv i. I had almost omitted that your letter of June 7, written out in full, was delivered to me on the 26th of the same month by Monsieur Lobbetius. You see how troublesome a delay that was. EPISTLE XII. TO SCIPIO GENTILIUS. GREETING. Dionysius Gothofredus. Altorsum. The young man recommended to me by you has delivered your letter to me himself. Consider him well recommended, as also those others who shall hereafter come to me furnished with your letters. There is, I see, between us a certain common spirit, which has united us through similarity of studies and of character. Therefore be assured of this, that I am your χαρίον ἀγνων. You write that there is there the greatest fear of war; but in war, almost already, our Gaul is involved, unless some custom be followed by many Princes, who are said to be acting in league with one another for the sake of the public good. Yet many hope that the whole matter will soon be settled, ambassadors having been sent by the King to those united Princes for that end. Among the ambassadors are Thuanus, Boissius, and Ianinius. All the men are prudent and desirous of peace, at least so far as concerns us, and indeed private affairs. Your Neoburgic neighbors, mad with oars and sails, are being brought almost against me in a body; but especially the elder one, namely Zesclinus, rages most fiercely against my head. At this fair you will have my prodromi defended first; at the following one, however, if God gives me life, the next. Seventh ...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 345 quoque de tutelis Electoralibus, Synopsi Fridenrichi opposui. Dabo ope- ram ut priorem Vogelinus noster, typographus scilicet principis Electoris, tibi reddendum curet: vix enim ante quintum diem liber impressus erit. Cæ- terum posterioris exemplar huic adolescenti, tui studioso, qui abs te com- mendato præsens adsuit, tibi tradendum commisi. Vale vir amplissime. Hey- delbergæ. XII. Aprilis. CICIXC XIV. EPISTOLA XIII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S. D. Marquardus Freberus. Altorsium. Exemplo fortasse novam rem putabis, atque ideo inter prodigia referen- dam, aruspicinæ column Scipio, quod post nuptias jamdudum factas, deducta domum sponsa, & lare constituto, ad aruspices demum & amicos referam; te præsertim hominem in utroque eo ordine mihi primum, imo unicum. Tamen nec aut occupationes varias, aut festinationem summam ineptiarum ob hyemem ingruentem, aut amoris impotentiam, quæ me omnium amicorum præ tam rara domina oblivisci fecerit, erga te causabor: sed solam, incredulitatem tuam, qui cum toties (ita scribebas, scis ad quem) sive aliorum rumoribus, sive jactatione mea delulis, non jam magis mihi quam Plano illi crurifragium mentienti crediturum te affirmares, eaque re epithalamion etiam scribere, imo meditari præfracte detrectares; ita affectus videbare, ut non nisi de ea re transacta tibi tandem fidem fieri esses passurus. Cre- de igitur tandem, crede aruspex, Freherum tuum juvenilibus nugis ineptiis- que relictis, scyphisque & pila abdicatis, nucibus denique sparsis seriam vi- tam ingressum, sponsum, maritum, patremfamilias factum. Crede dignam optimo, jiveni puellam, ipsiusque votis & amicorum fide majorem conjugem obligisse: nec crede tantum, sed & gaude, & vos Gaudeteo sciolique haruspicesque Et quantum est hominum suaviorum, Scipique ante alios amate gaude. Quem tu diligis unice colisque, Quemque in deliciis habes sodalem, Uxor contigit en tuo Frehero. At non e media puella turba Delectu temere expetita nullo: Virgo est eximia atque rara, qualem Qualem (inquam) bene singulis putatis Votis vix procul improbis deoptet, Certo numine mi tributa Divum: Frugalis, pia, & eloquens, pudica, Dives, nobilis, elegans, puella, Amans atque supra fidem Freheri Quid Xx
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LETTERS OF MEN. 345 also on Electoral wards, I opposed the Synopsis of Fridenrich. I shall do my best that our Vogelinus, the prince Elector’s printer, may take care to have it delivered to you: for the book will hardly be printed before the fifth day. Moreover, I have entrusted a copy of the latter work to this young man, devoted to you, who is present here, having been recommended by you, to be handed over to you. Farewell, most excellent sir. Heidelberg. April 12. 1614. EPISTLE XIII. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. S. D. Marquardus Freberus. Altorsium. By the example perhaps you will think this a new matter, and therefore to be reckoned among prodigies, Scipio, that after the wedding has long since been celebrated, the bride has been brought home, and the household established, I am at last referring to soothsayers and friends; especially to you, a man to me first, indeed the only one, in both of those ranks. Yet I shall not allege either various occupations, or the utmost haste on account of the winter setting in, or the impotence of love, which among all my friends and before so rare a lady has made me forgetful; but only your incredulity, you who so often wrote, (you know to whom,) whether misled by the rumors of others or by my own boasting, that you would believe me no more than that Clodius who falsely claimed a broken leg, and that for this reason you would even refuse flatly to write an epithalamium, or even to consider one. You seemed so disposed that you would not at last allow yourself to be persuaded unless the matter had already been completed. So then, believe at last, believe, my soothsayer, that your Freber, leaving behind youthful trifles and follies, and renouncing cups and ball-games, with nuts finally scattered, has entered upon a serious life, has become a bridegroom, husband, and father of a family. Believe that a girl worthy of the best man, greater than her own vows and the faith of her friends, has pledged herself in marriage; and do not merely believe, but rejoice also, and you Rejoice, dear little soothsayers and seers, And all ye men more kindly disposed, And, above all others, rejoice that ye love Scipio. Whom you love uniquely and cherish, And whom you hold dear as a companion, Lo, a wife has fallen to your Freber. And not from the crowd of maidens in the midst Picked out at random without any choice: She is a maiden excellent and rare, such as Such as, I say, even you, by your own sound wishes, Would scarcely desire, far from evil, given to me By the sure will of the gods: frugal, pious, and eloquent, chaste, Rich, noble, graceful, a maiden, Loving, and beyond belief to Freber What Xx
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Quid his denique majus expetendum? Quare, si modo amas tuum Freberum Accingare operi, & Thalassionem Indicas calamo salacieri. Felicemque Freberum amante Nympha, Felicemque Viro canas Vieram. Es dic, vivat amatus ille nympha Et hac vivat amatior marito. Pro quies officiis uterque conjux: Gratus Scipiada meo est fururus, Sponsus carmine, sed puella gemma, Quam tradet nivea diserta dextra. Gestit dicere gratias Freberus. Gestit reddere gratias Viera. Nec tu jam aut invitus tantæ tanti amici fortunæ applaude, qui id & toties promisisti, præsenti, absenti, & idem officii, cum res exposcet, a me paratissimo es impetraturus, imo expectaturus, aut secum tuum officium futurum putaveris: quippe cum res (hac quidem parte) integra sit, & multorum, sed bonorum carmina habeam, nullius adhuc excuderum, omnium excusurus, cum sociata erunt: inter quos tuum vel potissimum expeto, modo ne grave sit (tuo more) tetricum, Catonianum; sed liberum, facetum, Catullianum, aruspicinæ denique collegis dignum. Neque enim ego quidquam hac in re aut mihi (hominini infra mediocritatem posito) aut meæ præconii comparare studeo; sed solum ejus amicitiæ, quam cum bonis meique genii hominibus hactenus colui, monumentum exstare curo. Nosti qui sim, nec alius generis fuere majores. Convenit in eo cum mea, quod & ipsa literato genere nata, patre archiatro Treverico, avo paterno Ioanne illo Wiero auctore de la-miis & præstigiis Dæmonum, archiatro Juliaco, materno Johanne Echtio, vero eruditissimo, & medico eximio Coloniae. Verbum non addidero, quam dulcissimo pariter & rotundissimo anagrammate comprehensum a me heræ nomen, Catharina Wiera Sic na amo te mea lux satis! ab fuge credere quidquam Vivere sub patu'e carius orbe mihi. Tu sola & VERA es, tota qua CHARA Frehero INVITA es, qua post funera chara manes. Idem etiam officii a Domino Rittershusio (quo me viro amicorum lectiorum thesaurum auxisse serio gaudeo) quæso petas & impetres, & faciet, (sat scio) haud gravatun. Cui etiam halce literas (quas unas mihi vix jam scribere licuit occupatissimo) legendas communices, omnino volo. Præsertim cum ab eo etiam certior fieri cupiam de ejus consilio edendorum psalmorum a diversis carmine redditorum, & a se dispositorum: quod si ita, ut inaudivi, aggressurus est, si res integra est, non tantum unum atque alterum psalmum a me versibus decantatum ei illic inserendum mittere possum, sed vero pleros- que
Transcription: Translated (English)
Most distinguished and most learned. What indeed could be more to be desired than this? Therefore, if you truly love your Freber, set yourself to the task, and indicate a Thalassion with a more wanton pen. And sing of Freber, happy with his loving nymph, and of Viera, happy with her husband. Say that the beloved nymph may live by this means, and by this means may she live more beloved than her husband. The spouse’s duties are suitable to both. My Scipiada is pleasingly to be delighted, the bride in verse, but the girl in jewel, which his white and eloquent hand shall bestow. Freber is eager to give thanks. Viera is eager to return thanks. Nor should you now, whether willingly or unwillingly, fail to applaud the fortune of so great a friend, which you have promised so often, in his presence and absence alike, and the same service, when the matter shall require it, you will obtain from me, most ready as I am, indeed will expect it, or you will have thought that your service would be done for him: for since the matter is, in this respect at least, still open, and I have poems from many, but good men, though as yet I have printed none, I shall print them all when they are gathered together: among them I especially desire yours, provided it be not heavy (after your fashion), gloomy, Cato-like; but free, witty, Catullian, and in short worthy of the company of the augurs. For I am not trying in this matter to secure anything either for myself, a man placed below mediocrity, or for my own reputation; but I am concerned only to preserve a monument of that friendship which I have thus far cultivated with men of good will and of my own spirit. You know who I am, nor were my ancestors of another sort. In this I agree with my own line, since she herself too was born of a learned family, her father being the archiater of Trier, her paternal grandfather that celebrated Johann Wier, author of De la-miis et præstigiis Dæmonum , archiater of Jülich, and her maternal grandfather Johann Ectius, truly most learned and an excellent physician at Cologne. I shall add no more, than that the name of my mistress, embraced by me in the sweetest and most perfect anagram, is Catharina Wiera Thus may I love you, my light, enough! flee from believing anything dearer to me can live under the heavens. You alone are true, and wholly dear to Freber, though unwillingly, you remain dear after death. I likewise ask that you seek and obtain this same service from Herr Rittershusius—at whose hands I rejoice seriously to have increased the treasure of my chosen friends—and he will do it, I am quite sure, without reluctance. To him also I very much wish these letters, which I could scarcely now write in full myself, being so occupied, to be shared for reading. Especially since I also wish to learn from him of his plan for publishing psalms rendered in verse by various men and arranged by himself: if, as I have heard, he is to undertake this, and if the matter still remains open, I can send him not only one or two psalms sung out by me in verse to be inserted there, but indeed many more.
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 347 que omnes a nobilissimo & strenuo viro affini nostro Theodorico Viero Burggrafio Starckenburgico tam feliciter & eleganter expressos, ut cum Bu- chanani opera certare sine periculo posse videantur. Quod te ei significare pervelim, meisque verbis salutem quam prolixissime dicere. Vale Collega conjunctissime, & silentio tandem rupto (a me quidem primo, video enim te ea parte cedere nescium) scribe, imo rescribe, & epithalamia vestra utriusque ( nec enim aliorum ambio ) adjunge. Vale denuo. Data raptim Heydelbergæ IV. Februar Anno. CICICIXCIV. Paratitulorum Leunclavii & Notatorum unicum, quod adhuc supererat mihi, exemplar dono habe. Parerga[m] (quo tamen titulo tibicedam, tanta fides) libros tres recusos brevi a me exspecta. Tu in tuis quid cessas? EPISTOLA XIV. SCIPIONI GENTILI. SD. Marquardus Freberus. Altorsium. Obtundis me & odio enecas, aruspicum improbissime, quod ad te non scribam. Quasi non tibi id ipsum dudum solenne; & ego antea, mo- nendo te ut scriberes ad me, ut scriberes in publicum, & parerga saltem tua absolveres, fere ramices tuperim. Crede tamen æstate fere tota absens domo fui, in legationibus, in thermis, in nundinis. Deinde occupationibus pu- blicis & privatis nimium quam districtus. Argumentum etiam scribendi in- venire non potui. Jam cum scribere prolixe vellem, auriga contra quam heri dixerat, subito discedit, nec spatium ullum mihi relinquitur. Itaque hæc propere effudi, saltem ut bilem tuam temperarem. Mitto tibi Epitha- lamiorum meorum 3. exemplaria. Quorum alterum Rittershusio inscriptum cum salutatione mea habes, tertium cui voles amicorum, arbitrio boni viri. Faciam aliquid epigrammatis in editionem tuam Donelli, in qua operam na- vatam laudo. Ego nihil jam præ manu habeo, quod edam, totus ignavus, supinus, uxorius, ebrius. Ante annum lusi quidpiam de numismatis, quod præsenti tum tibi monstravi. Sed ex eo tempore majorem in modum exornavi. Ejus capita excerpsi, & mitto tibi, ut non tantum videas, sed &c personam in eo assignatam tuearis, id est quaternas tuas super hac re observationes ex bonis auctoribus subministres, ne sine foenore hunc Elenchum mi- hi remittas. Fors & D. Rittershusius aliquid ad hanc rem suppeditare possit. Edidit ille non ita dudum orationem de Lycurgo & ejus legibus. Cujus exemplar si adhuc habet, ab eo petitum velim. Eum rogo & alios amicos prolixe a me saluta, & salve valeque. Scriptionem meam & raram & malam boni æquique consule. Brevi plura. Salve a Melisso, Grutero! Datæ raptim Ianuar. CICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICI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Transcription: Translated (English)
all of which have been so happily and elegantly rendered by our most noble and energetic kinsman, Theodoricus Vierus Burggrafius Starckenburgicus, that they seem able to compete with Buchanan’s work without danger. I should very much wish you to make this known to him, and in my words to give him the fullest greeting. Farewell, dearest colleague and friend, and now at last, the silence being broken (by me, indeed, first, as I see that you are not willing to yield in that respect), write, nay write back, and add your epithalamia, both of you (for I am not courting those of others). Farewell again. Given in haste at Heidelberg, IV. of February, in the year CICICIXCIV. Accept as a gift the only remaining copy I had of Leunclavius’ Paratitula and the Notæ. Expect from me shortly the three reprinted books of the Parerga[m] (though I shall concede to you that title, so great is the trust). Why do you delay in your own works? EPISTLE XIV. TO SCIPIO GENTILE. SD. Marquardus Freberus. Altorsium. You torment me and wear me out with hatred, most offensive soothsayer, because I do not write to you. As if that very thing were not long since your custom; and as if I had not already, by urging you to write to me, to write for the public, and at least to complete your Parerga, almost worn out my very guts. Yet believe me, I was absent from home for nearly the whole summer, in embassies, at the baths, at the fairs. Then I was too much occupied with public and private affairs. I could not even find a subject for writing. Now, when I wished to write at length, the coachman, contrary to what he said yesterday, suddenly departs, and no time at all is left me. So I have poured out these lines in haste, at least to moderate your wrath. I am sending you three copies of my Epithalamia. One of them, inscribed to Rittershusius with my greeting, you have; the third, give to whichever of your friends you wish, at the discretion of a good man. I shall contribute something in epigrams to your edition of Donellus, in which I praise the work done. I now have nothing on hand to publish, being entirely idle, supine, devoted to my wife, and drunken. A year ago I played with something about coins, which I then showed you in person. But since that time I have embellished it greatly. I have excerpted its headings and am sending them to you, so that you may not only see them, but also defend the person assigned there, that is, supply your four observations on this matter from good authorities, so that you do not send back this Elenchus to me without interest. Perhaps D. Rittershusius may be able to supply something for this matter as well. He published not long ago a speech on Lycurgus and his laws. If he still has a copy, I should like to ask it of him. I ask you, and the other friends as well, to greet them warmly from me, and farewell. Bear with my writing, as it is both rare and bad. More shortly. Greetings from Melissus, Gruterus! Given in haste, January. CICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICICI
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Transcription: ATR-1
CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA XV. SUPIONI GENTILI. S. D. Marquardus Freberus. Altorsum. MEministi opinor Vir Clariss. sermonum quos proxime ante abitum meum habuimus. Ea de re ego non tantum maturius apud me interea cogitavi, sed peculiari consilio, & pro meo in te studio, ad assumem mihi a multis annis conjunctissimum scripsi, ut mentem ejus de filia, quam ego tibi, annuente Deo, collocari optarim, explorem. Habeo ab eo quod volui, dum intelligo animum ejus ad meam commendationem, quam recensere nil attinet, ab hac re non alienum. Et velim tibi hoc vicissim persuasum, nisi judicarem illam tuo consortio dignam, sive animi sive corporis & fortunæ dotes spectes, me hasce partes conciliatoris minime fuisse subiturum. Illa est mea. Pater in dignitate constitutus & re lauta. Quod si animus huc inclinabit, & affinitas mea & meorum tibi non improbabitur, poteris reliqua cognoscere ex me vel præsens vel per literas. Ego bona & Germana fide tecum agam, & uti spero, de singulis satisfaciam, nec dubium est quin amicus ille meus, jactis primis fundamentis, vocatus a me lubens cum nata prima occasione huc sese sistet. Hunc te nuncium, quem non ingratum fore confido, celare nolui. Tu pro tua prudentia hæc non vulgabis. Vale iterum atque iterum, & noris me commodorum tuorum studiosissimum. Datæ 24. Iulii anno 96. Noribergæ. EPISTOLA XVI. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S. D. Marquardus Freberus. Francofurtum ad Moenum. Quæso, te aruspicum perspicacissime, ubi in Britanniam veneris (quod te feliciter facere & sospitem ad sospites reverti opto) libellum istum jam diu anxie mihi & nequicquam indagatum ibi pro me emere, & duo (si poteris) exemplaria afferre velis. Si venalis non reperitur, unum saltem exemplar vel turto undecumque asser. Vale & salve. Dat. Heydelb. XVIII. Iunii cic[li] dec. III. Princeps (Dei Gratia) revalescit. ' Aegaeonopiae hoc est priscæ Anglorum leges, ab Ina, Alfredo, Edovardo, Guthruno, Ethestano, Edgano, Ethelredo, & Canuto Regibus Anglorum conditæ. Cum Latina interpretatione Guil. Lambardi, Londini apud Iohannem Dajum anno 1568. Sal. plur. Dno. Alberico Gentili V. C. fratri tuo meis verbis quæso dicas meaque officia prolixe deferas. EPI-
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MOST DISTINGUISHED AND LEARNED. LETTER XV. TO SUPIO GENTILIS. GREETING. Marquardus Freberus. Altorsum. You remember, I think, most illustrious sir, the conversations which we had shortly before my departure. On that matter I have not only reflected upon it more carefully in the meantime, but, with special intention and out of my regard for you, I wrote to one who has been most closely associated with me for many years, in order to ascertain his mind concerning his daughter, whom I should wish, God willing, to be settled with you. I have from him what I desired, inasmuch as I understand that his disposition toward my recommendation is not averse to this matter; it is not necessary to recount it here. And I should wish you in turn to be persuaded of this: unless I judged her worthy of your companionship, whether you regard gifts of mind or of body and fortune, I should by no means have undertaken these parts of a matchmaker. She is mine. Her father is established in dignity and in comfortable circumstances. If, however, your inclination should tend this way, and if my relationship and that of my family should not be disapproved by you, you may learn the rest from me, either in person or by letter. I shall deal with you in good and honest faith, and, as I hope, I shall satisfy you on all points; nor is there any doubt that that friend of mine, when the first foundations have been laid, will gladly, when summoned by me, present himself here with his daughter at the first opportunity. I did not wish to conceal this news from you, which I trust will not be unwelcome. In your prudence, do not make this public. Farewell again and again, and know me to be most devoted to your interests. Given at Nuremberg, 24 July, 96. LETTER XVI. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. GREETING. Marquardus Freberus. Frankfurt on the Main. I ask you, most perspicacious of soothsayers, when you come to Britain—which I pray you may do prosperously and return in safety to the safe—whether you would be willing to buy there for me that little book, which has long been anxiously sought by me there in vain, and to bring two copies, if you can. If it is not to be found for sale, at least bring one copy from wherever you can. Farewell and good health to you. Given at Heidelberg, 18 June, 1593. The prince, by God’s grace, is recovering. ‘Aegaeonopiae,’ that is, the ancient laws of the English, established by the English kings Ina, Alfred, Edward, Guthrun, Athelstan, Edgar, Ethelred, and Cnut. With a Latin translation by William Lambard, printed at London by John Day in the year 1568. Many greetings to you, sir Alberico Gentili, most excellent man, my brother; I beg you to convey this in my words and to extend my services abundantly.
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 349 EPISTOLA XVII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Ianus Gruterus. Altorfium. Iam anni sunt plures, præstantissime Gentilis, quod alter alterum vidimus Leidæ in prælectionibus Cl. VV. Donelli & Liplii; & licet arctior nulla inter nos tunc temporis familiaritas, exinde tamen tacito te dilexi sensu, tum ex commendatione optimi & intimi mei Donelli; tum quod ego a me pronus in bonos & doctos: ut vero contigit editionem videre aliquot libel- lorum, qui ad jus nostrum & antiquitates, amor ille meus immendum auxit & resloruit, ut enim sunt res humanæ, sequius aliquid de studiis imo etiam vita tua suspicabar; sequius inquam, tanquam aut hæc tibi fato crepta, aut illa ejusdem malignitate impugnata. Sed & ex quo nuper ex Donelli fami- liaribus intelligo, stationem tibi hic satis tolerabilem præbere Altorfium, exsi- lui gaudio, & gratulatus sum hanc quietem, utique post tot decumanos flu- ctus, quibus ille nescio quis obruere te visus; sed frustra, quippe ex Melissi nostri literis, & ad me odis sic satis intellexi. Sed & funebri oratione com- munem nostrum præceptorem a te honestatum lubens sane intellexi; expecto- que indies ex Lipsiano mercatu ejusdem exemplaria. Et quoniam ego quoque minerval aliquod optime de me merito viro rependere gestio, quæso te ne graveris ad me per occasionem super his rescribere. Quos præcipue professo- rum Donellus ultime habuerit amicos. Eorum exprimes nomina, cognomi- na. Quos etiam e Senatu Norico expertus summe patronos, corum etiam edes nomina, cognomina. Reliqua quæ scire expeto, ex oratione tua spes est haurire me posse. Ignosce impolitiæ & brevitati, jam enim unus & totus sum concinnandæ orationi etiam funebri in honorem Illustrissimi Principis ac Electoris Christiani, quem e medio ætatis & virtutum cursu invida nobis sustulit mors. Id enim munus a Senatu Academio mihi demandatum. Suspi- cionum mearum nugas, si vidisti, imperti quæso & censuram super iis tuam. Sed & Dyonysiana illa Gothofredica contra me ecquid te capiant scire cupio. Me sane vehementer delectant, nec largior risus mihi quam inde materies. Næ decori vestræ Academiæ indecore consuletur, si sinciput illud suæ cerebro in Donelli sufficietur locum. Cogita cantiones selectas Ariosti, ubi simi- litudo est ab ense ferreo amisso, & in ejuslocum inditoligneo. Vale, Vale, doctissime juvenum, nam interpellor. Vitebergæ die III. Octobris. Recte curabuntur literæ, si inscripseris Lipsiam Doctori Paulo Vetzero J. C. aut Doct. Matthæo Dressero Medicinæ & Historiarum professori. Xx 3
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LETTERS OF MEN. 349 LETTER XVII. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. S.D. Januus Gruterus. Altdorf. It is now several years, most distinguished Gentilis, since we saw one another at Leiden in the lectures of the famous gentlemen Donellus and Lipius; and although there was then no close familiarity between us, yet from that time I cherished you in silent regard, partly from the recommendation of my best and most intimate Donellus; partly because I am of myself inclined toward good and learned men. But when it happened that I saw the publication of some little books relating to our law and antiquities, that affection of mine was greatly increased and renewed; for, as human affairs go, I suspected something unfavorable concerning your studies, or even your life: unfavorable, I say, as if either these had been snatched from you by fate, or those attacked by the malice of the same. But since, from what I have recently learned from Donellus' family members, Altdorf here offers you a station sufficiently tolerable, I burst forth with joy, and congratulated you on this peace, surely after so many stormy waves, by which some unknown man seemed to have wished to overwhelm you; but in vain, since from the letters of our Melissus, and those sent to me, I understood this well enough. But also, from your funeral oration, I gladly learned that our common teacher has been honored by you; and I await day by day copies of the same from the Lipsian market. And since I too am eager to repay with some little gift a man who has deserved well of me, I beg you not to take it ill to write back to me about these matters whenever occasion allows. Which friends in particular of the professors Donellus lastly had. Set down their names and surnames. Which patrons also I found among the Noric Senate to be most devoted, set down also their names and surnames. The rest that I wish to know, I hope to draw from your speech. Forgive the roughness and brevity, for I am now wholly occupied in preparing an oration, even a funeral one, in honor of the Most Illustrious Prince and Elector Christian, whom envious death has taken from the midst of his course in years and virtues. For this task has been assigned to me by the Academic Senate. If you have seen the trifles of my conjectures, I beg you to communicate your criticism of them as well. But I also wish to know whether those Dionysian Gothofredian things against me move you at all. Indeed they greatly delight me, and there is no subject for freer laughter for me than from them. Truly it will be unseemly for the dignity of your Academy, if that little head of yours is supplied with brains in place of Donellus'. Think of the selected songs of Ariosto, where there is the likeness of an iron sword lost, and a wooden one put in its place. Farewell, farewell, most learned of young men, for I am interrupted. Wittenberg, the 3rd day of October. The letters will be properly attended to, if you address them to Leipzig to Doctor Paulus Vetzero, Doctor of Laws, or to Doctor Matthaeus Dresser, Professor of Medicine and History. Xx 3
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA XVIII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Ianus Gruterus. Alterium. Clarissime vir. Tuis amantissimis dudum respondissem, nisi earum lator fidem mihi omnino fecisset fore, ut intra XIV. dies huc eum inlequeretur communis amicus D. Wesembecius. Cum eo coinmode rescribere putabam. Sed me ea spes fallum habuit. Itaque ne videar quid præter officium, jam saltem tribus ad te verbis itur propter nuncii hujus improbam festinationem. Freherus noster tuas ante aliquot dies legit, jubetque securum esse, eo ne te ocreatus penulatusque in frequenti opprimat auditorio: meditari enim nescio quos fontes, nescio quæ stagna, & vero sponsum vocabimus propediem, nisi quid notabiliter turbet contrarium Junoni numen; me certe quotidie interpellat de Fescennino. Tale quid etiam ut de Melisso vere dicatur, me- tuo. Homo toto dies latet nescio quo loco: ita nec domi suæ est, nec videtur ubi videri solent probi atque officiosi adolescentes. Tua Venus qualiscunque erit, ut tandem maturescat, Venerem illam quæso domiducam. De Epi- grammate nimis es facetus; Nicri fontes & lymphas hic videmus & hauri- mus quotidie, ut poetici succi, vel uvam exprimam eliciamve guttam, frustra forsan. Bonum itaque factum, ut exoratis Musis, quæ procul dubio tuos usque inlequuntur gressus, amicum tui animitus observantem voti facias compotem. Non multa sunt quæ oro. Si octo, decem, duodecim impe- traro versus, rem factam habebro, absque eo fracta sit oportet, neque eam ipse resarcierit Mulciber. Simile quid peterem lubens a collega tuo D. Rit- tershusio, sed vereor ne & ille de compacto idem garriat, quod tu. Id ne fiat, in contrarium obtine palmam, & nil mihi excules, attamen ipse exhibe. Quod suspiciones operosas appelles tibi ipsi imponis: natæ mihi sunt olim sub manu sine libris sine literis, nec interea quidquam adstruximus! ita nos distinet Seneca, qui nec proximis prodibit nundinis, ut saltem servet Comelinus illud suum antiquum . Vale & salve vir amicissime, & excusatam habe epistola hujus impolitiem. Heidelbergæ die xx. Iulii CICLOXCIII. EPISTOLA XIX. HUGONI DONELLO. S.D. Hubertus Giphanius. Ludunum Basavorum. Tribus fere abhinc mensibus ad te scripsi V. C. ad quas quia præter mo- rem tuum nihil dum respondisti, quod quidem ego acceperim; vereor ne, ut sit hoc tempore, interciderit. In iis tuum consilium probabam, quod ceperas de commentariis quibuldam tuis Senatui Norico inscribendis. Egeram quoque gratias de 5. veteres a te quidem diligentissime explicato, sed in
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Most distinguished and learned. EPISTLE XVIII. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. S.D. Janus Gruterus. Alterium. Most illustrious sir, I would long ago have replied to your most affectionate letters, had not the bearer of them assured me beyond doubt that our mutual friend D. Wesembecius would bring him here within fourteen days. I thought I could conveniently write back with him. But that hope deceived me. And so, lest I seem to do anything beyond what duty requires, I shall at least now go to you with three words, because of the shameless haste of this messenger. Our Freherus read your letter a few days ago, and bids you be at ease, so that he may not surprise you in a crowded lecture hall, booted and cloaked: for he is meditating, I know not what springs, I know not what pools, and indeed we shall soon call him the bridegroom, unless some contrary deity notably upsets matters; he certainly keeps troubling me every day about the Fescennine verses. I fear that something similar may truly be said of Melissus. The man hides all day long, I know not where: thus he is neither at home, nor where honest and dutiful young men are usually seen. As for your Venus, whatever it may be, so that at last it may ripen, I beg for that Venus of home-conduct. You are far too witty about the epigram; here we see and drink daily the springs and waters of Nigris, so that I may squeeze out, or perhaps draw forth, a drop of poetic juice, but perhaps in vain. It is therefore a good thing that, after appeasing the Muses, who without doubt follow your steps even at a distance, you make a friend who sincerely watches over you the recipient of his wish. There are not many things I ask. If I should obtain eight, ten, or twelve verses, I shall count the matter done; otherwise it must be broken, and not even Vulcan himself could mend it. I should gladly ask something similar from your colleague D. Rittershusius, but I fear that he too may chatter the same thing by agreement as you do. Lest that happen, get the better of him in return, and do not excuse anything to me, but do yourself submit it. What you call laborious suspicions, you yourself impose: they were born for me long ago, by hand, without books, without letters, and in the meantime we have established nothing! Thus Seneca keeps us occupied, who will not appear even at the next fair, so that at least Comelinus may preserve that old thing of his. Farewell and good health, most friendly sir, and regard the roughness of this letter as excused. Heidelberg, 20 July 1593. EPISTLE XIX. TO HUGO DONELLUS. S.D. Hubertus Giphanius. Ludunum Basavorum. Nearly three months ago I wrote to you, most learned sir, to which, since you have as yet replied to nothing according to your custom, so far as I have received; I fear lest, as has happened at this time, the letter may have been lost. In it I approved your plan concerning certain commentaries of yours to be dedicated to the Noric Senate. I also gave thanks for the number 5, very diligently explained by you, but in
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 351 in quo tamen etiam aqua mihi hæreat. Scripseram, & ni fallit, de D. Chr. Herdessiano, Remp. & Academiam Noricam orbatam esse alienissimo tempo- re; is enim anno 5 extremo d em suum obiit, paralysi ictus. Præterea te rogaram, ut si quid in XII. tabulas observasses, mecum communicares, qui eas leges hic in Acroasi velut explicare vellem. Quod idem & nunc te rogo. Eoque nomine & Lipsium interpello meis literis, quas tibi mitto De schola nostra nihil est quod scribam. Adolescit illa quidem & pro- greditur, sed lento gradu. Senatus de summa re litem habet perveterem cum vicino Marchione, cujus exitus omnes nos habet sollicitos, expectatur intra paucos dies, aut menses. Naumburgi, quæ est urbs Thuringiæ, 5. dierum itinere distans Noriberga, conventus Principum aliquot, in quibus & Regis Daniae, dicitur hoc mense futurus. Moscus præter Austricos Polonis com- mendatur, De studiis quod amplius aut mittam aut scribam, nihil jam habeo. Quod a jure & munere mihi reliquum est tem- pus, totum fere impendo Philosophiæ. Vale vir doctiss. & salve. Commentarium tuum accepi a D. Pangartero VC. jam redditum esse Senatui. Sum- mus ille vir magnopere te amat, tuumque commentarium Senatui diligentissime commendavit. quod ab ipso brevi cognosces. Iterum vale. Altorphio III. Iunii. C13 I3 LXXXVII. Si qua tibi notitia est cum D. Hadriano Mylio, præsidie Curiæ Hagensis: velim ut commodo tuo, salutem a me illi vel dicas vel adscribas. EPISTOLA XX. HUGONI DONELLO. S. D. Hubertus Giphanius. Lugdunum Baisvorum. V IX XII. sunt dies, cum & literas ad te meas, & iter tibi instituendum a me exaratum scholarchis nostris Noribergam nisi, quæ etsi fortasse has antevertent, nihilque adeo habebam quod scriberem, nolui tamen hos ado- lescentes mihi familiares sine meis ad te literis domum redire. Nam ex iis cum de aliis rebus, tum de itinere percommode omnia intelliges, quæ literis neque credi omnia hoc tempore, neque fere peræque dilucide & intelligen- ser exponi possunt. Suasi illis, ut idem iter instituant, eosque Emdæ amico commendavi. Tu ad Senatum habes commendatitias, & ad optimum ac do- ctissimum lenem Mædmanum principem Senatus. Longum est iter fateor ac difficile. Oppidum hoc nostrum obscurum & ignobile. Sed ea tamen tu sapien- tia & virtute facile superabis. Teque amicorum consuetudine, loci tranquil- litate & otio, aliisque multis commodis, quæ scholarchæ & amplissimus Senatus Noricus nobis suppeditant, consolaberis, sive potius recreabis. Vale V. C. & veni, nisi forte quod malim, jam in itinere eris, cum literæ Leidam ad- ferentur. Aluorfii Noricorum. x. Aug. salutem doctissimo Lipsio. EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 351 in which, however, I still have some water stuck in my throat. I had written, if I do not ভুল, about D. Chr. Herdessian, that the Republic and the Nuremberg Academy had been deprived of him at the most unsuitable time; for in the last year he died, struck by paralysis. Besides, I had asked you, if you had observed anything concerning the Twelve Tables, that you would communicate it to me, since I wished here in the Acroasis to expound those laws, as it were. The same I now ask you. And on that account I also address Lipsius in my letters, which I send you. I have nothing to write about our school. It is indeed growing and progressing, but at a slow pace. The Senate has a very old dispute over a major matter with the neighboring Margrave, the outcome of which keeps us all anxious; it is expected within a few days, or months. At Naumburg, which is a city of Thuringia, distant five days’ journey from Nuremberg, there is said to be to be held this month an assembly of some Princes, among them also that of the King of Denmark. Moscus, in addition to the Austrians, is recommended to the Poles. Concerning studies, I now have nothing further either to send or to write. What time is left to me from law and duty, I devote almost entirely to Philosophy. Farewell, most learned sir, and greetings. I have received your commentary from D. Pangarter, and it has already been returned to the Senate. That eminent man greatly loves you, and commended your commentary to the Senate with the utmost diligence, which you will shortly learn from him. Farewell again. From Altorf, 3 June, 1587. If you have any acquaintance with D. Hadrian Mylius, president of the Court of Hagensis: I would wish, if it is convenient for you, that you either give him greetings from me or append them in writing. EPISTLE XX. TO HUGO DONELLUS. S. D. Hubertus Giphanius. Lugdunum Batavorum. For nine days now I have had both my letters to you, and the journey I had drawn up for you to undertake to our schoolmasters at Nuremberg; unless these should perhaps arrive before them, and although I had really nothing to write, I nevertheless did not wish these young men, who are familiar to me, to return home without my letters to you. For from them you will conveniently learn everything, both about other matters and about the journey, which cannot well be believed in letters at this time, nor can it be set forth almost as clearly and intelligibly as it should be. I advised them to undertake the same journey, and recommended them at Emden to a friend. You have commendatory letters to the Senate, and to the best and most learned gentle Prince Mædmanus of the Senate. I confess the journey is long and difficult. Our town here is obscure and unimportant. But with your wisdom and virtue you will easily overcome that. And you will console yourself, or rather refresh yourself, with the company of friends, the quiet and leisure of the place, and many other advantages, which the schoolmasters and the most excellent Senate of the Noricans provide for us. Farewell, most distinguished sir, and come, unless perhaps—what I would prefer—you are already on the road when the letters are brought to Leyden. From Aluorfium among the Noricans, the 10th of August, greetings to the most learned Lipsius. EPI-
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA XXI. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Hubertus Giphanius. Altorsium. Lætor mihi datam esse tandem respondendi opportunitatem: quæ sæpe nobis antea, nunc raro datur, Sannione nostro domi servante; anserinum illum sutorem intelligo. Tuæ autem literæ, vir doctissime, gratissimæ mihi fuerunt, non tam ob oratiunculam illam (visa enim mihi, quod inter nos liceat iureliis n[on] p[ro]e[ss]i[us] uæ) quam ob animum illum tuum auro contra æstimandum. Quare id tibi de me velim persuadeas, nihil esse aut fore, quod non tua caussa toto pectore cupiam. Retardavit quidem nostram familiaritatem Donellus ut ego existimo: sed ejus ut aquæ retentæ impetum & studium acrius jam fore confido. Ad Bongarsium quoque cum scribes, quæ so te ut meis illi verbis salutem adscribas. De Petro Velenbecio nobis gratulor viro gravissimo & doctissimo. De altero miratus fui, potuisse eum a nostris vocari, cujus ut innumerabiles ineptias prætermittam & nævos turpissimos, quibus pulcherrimum Iuris nostri corpus foedavit, videas mihi vel parum ejus libellum de ratione ordinis in pandectis observati: crassos & pueriles plane errores reperias. Verbi gratia, ad lib. 4. ubi de restitutionibus in integr. Competunt (inquit) ea vel jure actionis, ut quod metus causa, O de dolo malo, vel officio judicis, ut de minoribus, de cap. minut. Ex quibus caus. major. Vel ex edicto ut de alien. jud. mut caus. Primum quis nunquam vi ex edicto opposuit vi jure actionis, an non & actiones sunt ex edicto. Deinde restitutio ex causa capitis demunitionis sit actione, ut restitutio ex causa metus, & doli, idemque de illa quæ majoribus datur, notum vel ex elementis juris esse poterat, in quibus 5. rursus de act. actio rescissoria explicatur. Idem denique de illa restitutione, quam ex edicto ille vocat, dicendum. Nam & ea sit actione. Breviter, omnis restitutio sit ex edicto sive actione, excepta minorum, quæ sola sit decreto, sive cognitione prætoria, quam ille cum Glossogr. suis officium judicis vocat, tam recte quam illud ex edicto. Postremo justum errorem omisit inter causas restitutionis, qui sextus est error sive per casum in tam paucis verbis. Leges non adduco; sunt enim hæc vulgaria, & adolescentulis nota. Hæc aliaque ejusdem modi, id est puerilia peccata ejus innumerabilia adferre possem, si tibi vel ignota esse putarem, vel molestus esse vellem. Unum tantum adjiciam de side & auctoritate Pandectarum Florentinorum, de quas scis controversiam hodie esse inter viros doctissimos, quam & ille sui judicii facit his verbis, ad eal. 9. 5. pen. quod vi aut clam. Sed si quis aliquid adibus adfixum evellerit: avulserit vulg. evulserit Haloand. Hinc colligere possumus vel ipsas pandectas Florentinos oraculi loco non esse: sic corruptos in l. 3. in fin. ibidem ubi scriptum intellegereit. Vides quæ ille ad Pand. Flor. fidem & autoritatem elevandam adfert, esse ac facere ad confirmandam. Cui enim hodie
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Most Illustrious and Most Learned. Letter XXI. To Scipio Gentili. Greetings. Hubertus Giphanius. Altorsium. I am glad that I have finally been given the opportunity to reply, which used often to be ours before, but is now rarely granted, with our Sanio keeping guard at home; I mean that goose-bootmaker of ours. Your letter, most learned sir, was most welcome to me, not so much on account of that little speech of yours—for it seemed to me, if we may speak freely among ourselves, not at all out of place—as on account of that disposition of yours, to be valued against gold. Therefore I would have you persuade yourself this about me: that there is nothing, nor will there be anything, which I do not desire with all my heart for your sake alone. Donellus certainly delayed our intimacy, as I think; but I confidently expect that, like water long restrained, its force and eagerness will now be all the greater. When you write to Bongarsius too, see to it that you greet him in my name as well. I congratulate myself on Peter Velenbecius, a most serious and very learned man. As for the other one, I was astonished that he could be summoned by our side, for, to pass over his countless absurdities and his most disgraceful blemishes, by which he has defiled the most beautiful body of our law, if you look at even a little of his pamphlet on the method of order observed in the Pandects, you will find gross and childish errors. For example, in Book 4, where he speaks of restitutions in integrum: “They are granted,” he says, “either by right of action, as in what is done through fear, or fraud, or by the office of the judge, as in the case of minors, and of a change of status; or from an edict, as in matters concerning another’s property, against a judge, and in similar cases.” First, who ever set against violence from an edict, by right of action? Are not actions too from an edict? Next, restitution on account of capitis diminutio is by action, as is restitution on account of fear and fraud; and the same thing concerning that granted to adults could have been known even from the elements of law, where, in Book 5, the rescissory action is again explained. Finally, the same must be said of that restitution which he calls from an edict. For that too is by action. In short, every restitution is either from an edict or by action, except that of minors, which alone is by decree, or by praetorian inquiry, which he, along with his Glossographers, calls the office of the judge, just as well as the one from an edict. Lastly, he omitted the just error among the causes of restitution, that is, the sixth error, or accident, in so few words. I do not cite the laws; for these things are commonplace and known even to youths. These and other such things, that is, his innumerable childish faults, I could bring forward, if I thought them unknown to you, or if I wished to be troublesome. I shall add only one thing more, concerning the credit and authority of the Florentine Pandects, about which you know there is a controversy today among the most learned men, and on which he too gives his own judgment in these words, at the end of 9.5, concerning “what is done by force or stealth”: “But if someone has torn away something affixed to a building: avulserit, vulg. evulserit, Haloand.” From this we can gather that even the Florentine Pandects themselves are not to be treated as an oracle: so corrupted too in 3, at the end of the same passage, where it is written “intellegerit.” You see what he produces in order to weaken the credit and authority of the Florentine Pandects, and that it serves to confirm them. For whom today...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLA. 353 hodie optima hæc esse, evellerit, & intellegerit, ignotum. Sed de his alias fortasse jocabimur. Nunc avind mitto, in quo Thesi 70. pro ajunt leg. negant, & non trajiciendum ante impediat. De Literarum obligatione Justiniana vereor, ut tibi probetur, quod attuli; mihi tamen eximi id vix potest, tum quia alioqui ex nudo pacto nasceretur obligatio: tum quia alioqui Tribonianus non recte in Pandectas tres tantum contractus, re, verbis & nudo consensu retulisset, omisso literarum: quod tamen Jurisconsulti non ominerant. Quod reliquum est hunc amicum meum tibi commendo Doctrinæ insignibus modo hicornatum. Si quid de postumis Donelli, aut etiam Cujacii, Brissonii, Ho- tomanni noris, quæso te ut certiorum me facias. Vale. V. C. & salve. D. Scerbio & D. Taurello aliisque amicis a me salutem. Ingolstat. XXVII. De- cembris. EPISTOLA XXII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S. D. Hubertus Giphanius. Altorfium. Hoc ipso momento cum nuntiatum mihi esset, paratum esse tabellarium, qui hinc iret Babebergam, istac facturus iter meo inductu, admonere tantum te volui, ut ad priores meas literas rescribas, tuasque disputationes una mittas. De Rittershusio nostro ex literis tuis meliora speravi, etiamque nunc spero: sed ex recentioribus Molitoris mei Noriberga ad me datis, intelligo nondum convaluisse. Quare jam ei molestus esse nolui, præsertim properante hoc tabellario. Deum oro ut amicum optimum (excepto eo Nigriano Ne- gotio) & doctissimum nobis diu conservet. Mitto carmen Mencelii in Au- læum nostrum: cujus ad nuptias perendie Æchstadium, Deo duce, prosi- ciscar. Utinam & tuum aliquod vel scriptum, atque adeo tu ipse ad nu- ptias die Martis, vel altero saltem repotionis die, occurreres! Vale Vir doctissime & amicissime. D. Rittershusio, D. Scerbio, aliisque amicis a me salutem. Ingolst. VI. Ianuar. CIC IIX XCIX. EPISTOLA XXIII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S. D. Hubertus Giphanius. Altorfium. Quod non statim ad literas tuas V. C. rescripserim, non ea re factum, quod illa mihi ingrata vel injucunda acciderit; quæ mihi quo ctebrior, eo erit jucundior, sed quod nullus adhuc tabellarius mihi se obtulit. Nunc per Stin breviter accipe: nam & ille præter solitum properabat. Ingeniosa mihi statim visa est conjectura tua, quam & orationis genus, & juris ratio illa de pacto seu lege adjuvare videntur; cum enim ea lege mutuam Titius ac- ceperit, ut Sejo eam reddat: videri poterat liberari Titium, sive sciens do- na- Yy
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VIRORUM EPISTOLA. 353 Whether he has now found out and understood that these things are the best, I know not. But about these matters perhaps we shall joke another time. For the present I send avind the passage in which, in Thesis 70, instead of “they say” read “they deny,” and it should not be passed over before it is corrected. As for Justinian’s obligation from writing, I fear that what I have brought forward will not commend itself to you; yet I can scarcely be rid of it myself, both because otherwise an obligation would arise from a bare pact, and because otherwise Tribonian would not have correctly referred in the Pandects only three contracts—by thing, by words, and by bare consent—omitting the written form: though the jurists had nevertheless not overlooked it. What remains is that I commend to you this friend of mine, now newly adorned with the insignia of learning. If you know anything about the posthumous works of Donellus, or also of Cujacius, Brisson, or Hotoman, I ask you to inform me more certainly. Farewell. V. C. and greetings. Give my regards to D. Scerbius and D. Taurellus and the other friends. Ingolstadt, 27 December. EPISTOLA XXII. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. S. D. Hubertus Giphanius. Altdorf. At this very moment, when I was informed that a messenger was ready to leave here for Bamberg, traveling there at my urging, I merely wished to remind you to reply to my earlier letters, and to send along your disputations as well. From your letters I had hoped for better things concerning our Rittershusius, and I still hope for them; but from more recent letters of my Molitor, sent to me from Nuremberg, I understand that he has not yet recovered. For that reason I did not wish to trouble him now, especially since this messenger is in haste. I pray God long to preserve for us that best and most learned friend, except for that Nigrian business. I am sending Mencelius’ poem on our Auleus: for whose wedding I shall set out, God guiding, the day after tomorrow for Eichstätt. Would that you too might attend the wedding with some writing of yours, or indeed you yourself on Tuesday, or at least on the second day of the celebration! Farewell, most learned and most friendly sir. Give my greetings to D. Rittershusius, D. Scerbius, and the other friends. Ingolstadt, 6 January, 1599. EPISTOLA XXIII. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. S. D. Hubertus Giphanius. Altdorf. That I have not immediately replied to your letters, V. C., has not happened because they were displeasing or unwelcome to me; rather, the more frequent they are, the more welcome they will be to me, but hitherto no messenger has presented himself to me. Now take this briefly from Stin: for he too was hurrying more than usual. Your conjecture seemed to me ingenious at once, and the style of the passage, as well as that rule of law concerning pact or agreement, seems to support it; for when Titius has received a loan under the condition that he shall return it to Seius, it could seem that Titius is discharged, whether knowingly or, if he does not know, in that case... Yy
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354 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. natorem mortuum, sive ignorans, Sejo reddiderit: legem enim contractus exsecutus fuit. Sed hæc lex non ut conditio, sed ut modus (atqui modus est servandus tot. tit. de don. quæ sub mod.. deinde lex contractus nusquam modus dicitur hoc sensu) accipi debet, & proinde (plane quid sequatur, non video: nam hac ratione etiam in Adjecto solutionis causa dicemus versari tantum mandatum, nam & adjectio illa est talis lex, talis modus. Nec placet Bartolii locutio hæc) nihil est aliud quam mandatum. Quare recepta scriptura tueri potest, ut distinctioni scientiæ & ignorantiæ in mandato receptæ, hic quoque sit locus. Qui enim sciens mortem mandantis solvit, non tam solvere, quam donare videtur. 1.7. servus pro empt. Sibi igitur Titius imputet, eique non dabitur actio mandati: nec verum est quod Conanus Titio dandam putat condcitionem sine causa (exemplum aliquod adferri cuperem.) ut alias demonstratum. Oratio autem illa, sed siquidem ig. quasi præcisa, non est nova in jure. Jam illud, si autem, casus quidem distinguit, sed non est necesse ut in jure sit distinctio, quanquam, quod ad priorem casum attinet, major in eo & justior dubitandi causa de dominii translatione: cujus tamen in altero nulla fit mentio. Nec ejus hæc fuit principalis quæstio ibi, sed hæc tantum de liberatione debitoris in priori; de actione sive repetitione mandatarii in posteriori, quos casus cum manifestissime distinguit Ictus, consistere recepta scriptura non potest, quæ eandem distinctionem in idem jus in utroque casu ponit. Hæc vix licuit exarare, instante viro: quæ velim benigne accipias, & plura ejusdem modi sæpe ad ine mittas. Paribus te rebus remunerabor. Vale vir doctissime & salve. Ingolst. xvi. Iunii. EPISTOLA. XXIV. SCIPIONI GENTILIS. D. Hubertus Giphanius. Altorsum. Magnifice D. Rector, mallem cum salute literas a te mihi, adde etiam pecuniam Bucinianam, quam nudam illam attulisset hic adolescens: excusavit tamen honeste tuam & Scherbii nostri opinionem de discessu meo. Et certe jam Pragæ me esse oportebat: sed cum tot impedimentis tam cito movere castra non possum, id tamen ago, & ut spero, perficiam, hoc ut mense, cujus hodie sunt Calendæ nostræ, sim Pragæ, Deo adjuvante. Intellexi ex hoc adolescente, pecuniam Bucinium misisse. Debet ille mihi 70. fere florenos: chirographum habet D. Rittershusius. Ea pecunia si per te auctoritate Senatus Academici inter creditores dividetur, rogo te pro amicitia ut mei quoque rationem habere velis: præsertim cum debitum illud sit ex convictu, quod genus & prærogativam & privilegium habere solet. In Thesibus tuis miratus fui laudari a te Decianum de Principatu & Repub. Romana: cujus ille non magis quam juris civilis (de quo tamen æn reliquit incondita & barbara multa & ingentia argumenta, inquibus Doriæ) peritus fuit. Mitto ejus argumenta, quæ prorsus partim falsa, partim inepta. Sed
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354 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. whether he gave it to Sejus, dead, or, not knowing it, returned it; for he carried out the law of the contract. But this law must be taken not as a condition, but as a mode (and yet a mode is to be observed throughout the title de don. quæ sub mod. ; besides, the law of contract nowhere is called a mode in this sense); and therefore (plainly what follows I do not see: for on this reasoning, too, we shall say that in the case of an addition for the purpose of payment there is only a mandate, for that addition too is such a law, such a mode. Nor do I like this expression of Bartolus.) it is nothing else than a mandate. Wherefore the received wording can be defended, so that here too there may be a place for the distinction in the mandate admitted between knowledge and ignorance. For he who, knowing of the death of the mandator, makes payment, seems not so much to pay as to give. 1.7. servus pro empt. Therefore let Titius blame himself, and an action on mandate will not be granted to him; nor is it true, as Conanus thinks, that a claim for recovery without cause should be given to Titius (I should wish some example to be cited), as has been shown elsewhere. But that form of words, “but if indeed,” as though cut short, is not new in law. Already that other phrase, “but if,” certainly distinguishes the case, but it is not necessary that there be a distinction in law, although, as far as the former case is concerned, there is greater and fairer cause for doubt regarding the transfer of ownership; of which, however, no mention is made in the other case. Nor was this the principal question there, but only that concerning the discharge of the debtor in the former case; in the latter, the action or recovery by the agent, cases which the jurist most clearly distinguishes, cannot be upheld by the received wording, which places the same distinction in the same right in both cases. I scarcely had leave to write this, with the gentleman pressing me; I should like you to receive this kindly, and often send me more of the same kind. I shall repay you with equal favors. Farewell, most learned sir, and be well. Ingolstadt, 16 June. EPISTOLA XXIV. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. D. Hubertus Giphanius. Altorsum. Magnificent Rector, I should prefer letters from you, with good wishes, and also money from Bucinianus, rather than that bare letter which that young man brought here: yet he honestly excused your opinion and that of our Scherbius concerning my departure. And indeed I ought now to be in Prague: but with so many obstacles I cannot move camp so quickly; still I am working at it, and, as I hope, I shall accomplish it, so that in this month, whose Kalends are today for us, I may be in Prague, with God’s help. I learned from this young man that money had been sent to Bucinius. He owes me nearly 70 florins; D. Rittershusius has his written acknowledgment. If that money is to be divided among the creditors by your authority through the Senate of the Academy, I ask you, out of friendship, to be willing to have regard for me as well; especially since that debt arises from board and lodging, a kind that usually has both prerogative and privilege. In your theses I was surprised to see Decianus praised by you, de Principatu & Repub. Romana : though he was no more skilled in that than in civil law (of which, however, he left behind many very great arguments, crude and barbarous, in which Doria ...). I send his arguments, which are entirely in part false, in part foolish. But
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 355 Sed de his aliisque brevi coram (Noriberga certe iter faciam) aut literis Pragensibus. Vale vir doctiss. D. Scerbio, & D. Rittershusio, quem puto jam dictata mea quædam Philippo ab Oyote Noribergam una cum Oppiano suo misisse, salutem. Fere omiseram allatum huc nuncium horribilem de casu atque adeo morte Electoris Palatini. Spero falsum. Ingolst. salutem & aliis amicis. EPISTOLA XXV. JOSEPHUS SCALIGER S. D. Scipioni Gentili. Altorfium. Quum tuæ literæ mihi redderentur, is qui eas mihi tradidit, statim num- quid ad te vellem, rogavit, cui per occupationes meas mihi non vacare respondi. Quare si statim ut debui, aut ut tu sperabas, non rescripsi, peto a te, ne negligentia aut oblivione id factum putes. Testes possum dare familiares, & amicos meos, qui id ætatis hominem mirantur tot epistolarum scriptionibus quotidianis superesse posse, quæ meliorem partem & temporis & studiorum mihi suffurantur. Præterea quæ prælo subjicimus omnia manu nostra descripsimus, neque ullum, qui labores nostros levet; habemus, & profecto, qui possit aut sciat eadem præstare, hic video neminem. Gratus vero tuus in me est amor, & pietas tua; quæ facit, ut omnibus officiis me tibi talem probem, qualem esse tibi persuasisti. Nam quod versiculos a nobis exigis, vereor ut hoc sit ex dignitate, si ætatem spectes, aut ex amicitia, si non omnia tua causa velim. Nam in hac senectute versus facere est insanire, amico vero aliquid negare, est pietatem lædere. Scito ergo me nihil magis invitum facere, quam cum reverentia amicitiæ in veterem ludum Poëtices me includere cogor. Et miror quare amici hanc operam a me exigant; qui nullum bonum versiculum mihi imputare possunt. Quis illis persuasit me Poëtam esse? Non expectandus est obtrectator, qui mea Poëmata damnet. Ego primus illa traduco, & conspuo. Ne quid tamen horum ea causa me dixisse putes, ut hoc onus defugiam, accipe quæ nunc e lectulo surgenti mihi exciderint, ut si tibi placent, utaris; sin autem, ut eorum culpam in te conferas, qui invitum delirare cogis. In Scipionis Gentilis J. C. librum de donationibus Magno Magnæ Britanniæ Regi oblatum Josephi Scaligeri. Iul. Cæs. F. Culse liber, vigili doctus quem Scipio cura Sæcula victurum multa polivit opus. Hospes honoratæ succede penatibus aula, Cui sacras redimit terna corona fores. Magnanimo missus donum spectabile Regi, Materia primus præmia carpe tua. Si fas vera loqui, neque fallunt omnia vates, Vana neque est, illis numen inesse, fides, Yy 2 Qui
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LETTERS OF MEN. 355 But about these and other matters, shortly in person (for I shall certainly make a journey to Nuremberg) or by letters from Prague. Farewell, most learned sir, to D. Scerbius, and to D. Rittershusius, whom I think has already sent some of my dictated notes to Philippus ab Oyote at Nuremberg together with his own Oppianus; greetings. I had almost omitted the horrible news brought here now, concerning the fall and indeed the death of the Elector Palatine. I hope it is false. Greetings to Ingolstadt and to the other friends. EPISTLE XXV. JOSEPH SCALIGER, GREETING. To Scipio Gentilis. Altdorf. When your letters were delivered to me, the man who handed them to me immediately asked whether I wished anything sent to you; I replied that, because of my occupations, I had no leisure. Therefore, if I did not reply at once as I ought, or as you expected, I ask you not to think it was due to negligence or forgetfulness. I can produce as witnesses my household friends and others, who wonder how a man of my age can survive with so many daily letter-writings, which steal from me the better part both of my time and my studies. Moreover, everything we put to press we have written out by hand ourselves, and we have no one to lighten our labors; and, indeed, I see no one here who can or knows how to do the same. Your love for me, however, is dear, and your devotion; and this makes it so that, in every duty, I show myself to you such a man as you have persuaded yourself me to be. For as to your demanding verses from me, I fear that would not be fitting if you consider my age, or befit friendship, if I were unwilling in all things for your sake. For in this old age to make verses is to be mad; but to deny a friend something is to wound affection. Know, then, that nothing is more against my will than when, out of reverence for friendship, I am forced back into the old game of poetry. And I wonder why friends demand this task from me, when they can impute no good little verse to me. Who persuaded them that I am a poet? There is no need to wait for a detractor to condemn my poems. I myself am the first to drag them about and spit upon them. Yet lest you think I have said this for the reason of escaping the burden, receive what has now slipped from me as I was rising from my little bed, so that, if it pleases you, you may use it; but if not, you may lay the blame on those who compel me, unwilling, to play the fool. On Scipio Gentilis's book on donations, offered to the Great King of Great Britain, by Joseph Scaliger, son of Julius Caesar. A learned book, Scipio, polished with watchful care, An work that will outlive many ages. Enter the honored halls as guest, Whose sacred doorway a triple crown adorns. Sent as a fitting gift to the great-souled King, Take first the reward in the material itself. If it is lawful to speak truth, and if all things do not deceive the poets, Nor is it empty that divinity dwells in them, trust, Yy 2 Who
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356 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Qui donare doces, non indonatus abibis, Qui Regis donum & Regia dona meres. Tute tibi hoc intristi, Mi Scipio, tibi exedendum est. Paruit tibi. Tuum est videre an tali dehonestamento librum tuum proscribere velis. Si mihi credis, non facies. Si faxis, non ego solus plectar. Rittershusio amico sum- mo meo & Collegæ tuo memini me Iambum Græcum postremis nundinis misisse. Velim scire, an acceperit. Nam si non accepit, perierunt illi versiculi, quia nullos servare soleo. Et istud epigramma, quod tibi exaravi, perierit, si hæ literæ ad vos non pervenient. Audio Gifanium testamento sua opuscula & lucubrationes Rittershusio legasse ea conditione, ut ab eo ederentur. Memini me ante biennium illi longam epistolam scripsisse, in qua non solum locos Lucretii, de quibus consuluerat me, explicabam, sed & multa alia adjeceram, quibus editionem Lucretianam exornaret. Quam tametsi accepisset, tamen tanta fuit ejus impudentia, ut negaret ad se pervenisse. Idque semper solebat facere, ut sibi attribueret ea, quæ ab aliis didicerat, & si quis plagii eum postulare vellet, haberet paratam, se nullas literas accepisse. Bis terve ausus est apud amicos nostros queri, se nihil litterarum a nobis accepisse, qui omnes, quas illi scripsi, recte accepit. Sed eum hominem nunquam fuisse puto, qui & in illis sordibus, quas omnes norunt, vixit, & nullum amicum sibi quæsivit, & qui bene de illo meriti erant, illis se quoque nihil debere profitebatur. Interest tamen Reip. literariæ, ejus lucubrationes edi. Fuit enim doctior quam probior, & nos ejus doctrinam probamus, mores exsecramur. Vale Lugduni Batavorum. Nonis Martii Juliani. CIVIDCV. EPISTOLA XXVI. JOSEPHUS SCALIGER S.D. Scipioni Gentili. Altorhum. Quanti nostra intererat Commentariolum accipere, tantæ voluptati fuit nobis redditum esse. Hoc solum morabatur editionem Menippeæ, quo Scriptoro non puto abhinc mille quingentis annis festivius aliud prodiisse. Dignus profecto foetus patre suo, qui vix major xxv. annorum æquavit, vel potius superavit gloriam superiorum omnium ingeniorum. Pietas & amor in me hoc expressit ab illo, ne scelestissimus omnium bipedum impune bonis malediceret. Gratias agimus tibi, vir præstantissime, quem non piguit tam justos conatus adjuvare. Nam absque hoc immortali beneficio tuo foret; non illo ornatu proditura fuit satira, quo nunc culta est, quam nunquam deponent de manibus ii, quibus cordi est nihil nisi comptum & ingeniosum legere. Tanta ejus elegantia est, tantus lepos. Curabitur vero a nobis sedulo, ne vel minimaharum rerum suspicio in vos cadat. Tametsi enim nullus monuisses; tamen non minus ad nos, quam ad vos pertinebat hæc silentio obrui. Adeo vero impudens fuit illa Furia, ut homines probos in me testes produceret, in qui-
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356 Most illustrious and most learned . You who teach giving, will not go away un-gifted; you deserve the king’s gift and royal gifts. You yourself have brewed this up for yourself, my Scipio; you must eat it yourself. It has been your doing. It is for you to see whether you wish, by such a disgrace, to proscribe your book. If you believe me, you will not do it. If you do, I alone will not be punished. I remember having sent a Greek iambus to Rittershusius, my dearest friend and your colleague, at the last fair. I should like to know whether he received it. For if he did not receive it, those little verses are lost, because I am not in the habit of keeping any copies. And that epigram which I wrote out for you will be lost too, if these letters do not reach you. I hear that Gifanius, by his will, bequeathed his little works and nocturnal studies to Rittershusius on the condition that they be published by him. I remember that two years ago I wrote him a long letter, in which I not only explained passages of Lucretius, about which he had consulted me, but also added many other things with which to adorn the Lucretian edition. Although he had received it, such was his shamelessness that he denied it had reached him. And he was always in the habit of doing that, so as to claim for himself things he had learned from others; and if anyone wished to accuse him of plagiarism, he had a ready reply: that he had received no letters. Twice or thrice he dared to complain to our friends that he had received no letters from us, when in fact he received all those I wrote to him correctly. But I think he was never really a man, one who lived amid those filths that are known to all, and who sought no friend for himself, and who, even in regard to those who had deserved well of him, professed that he owed them nothing. Yet it is still in the interest of the Republic of Letters that his writings be published. For he was more learned than upright, and we approve his learning, but detest his character. Farewell from Leiden, on the Nones of March, Julian year 1605. LETTER XXVI. JOSEPH SCALIGER sends greetings to Scipio Gentili. Altorf. How much it mattered to us to receive the little Commentary, so great was our pleasure that it was returned. This alone delayed the publication of the Menippean work, from whose writer I do not think anything more cheerful has appeared in the last fifteen hundred years. Truly worthy of his father, he, who, though scarcely over twenty-five years of age, has equaled, or rather surpassed, the glory of all his predecessors in genius. His devotion and affection for me drew this from him, that the most wicked of all bipeds should not with impunity revile the good. We thank you, most excellent man, who did not find it burdensome to support such just efforts. For without this immortal favor of yours, it would have come out; the satire would not have appeared with that adornment with which it is now graced, and those who care for nothing but what is polished and ingenious will never lay it down from their hands. So great is its elegance, so great its charm. However, care will be taken by us diligently, lest even the slightest suspicion of these matters fall upon you. For although you gave no warning; nevertheless, this concern no less belonged to us than to you, that this matter be buried in silence. That Fury was so shameless, indeed, as to produce honest men as witnesses against me, in whom-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLE. 357 quibus & tibi locum dedit: quum quidam Itali nuper ad me scripserint, de se illum non minus, quam de te mentitum fuisse. Profecto nullum sæculum tale portentum tulit. Dum illud exsecrandum opus Moguntiaci excuderetur, non pauca de suis nartheciis in illud infulserunt, homines insigni pietate Læjolitæ, etiam ipso inscio. Itaque non mirum est, in tantam molem excrevisse, dum in illud plus quam quinquaginta nebulones stipem illi æruscatori contulerint. Si quæras causam odii, profecto aut nullam proferre poterunt, aut non nisi ridiculam. Neminem unquam offendi. Maledicentibus ita, uti digni erant, respondi. Si solis sibi jus esse injuste obtrectare, nobis juste injuriam repellere non licere putant; hoc modo sane vicerint. Et certe in hoc illis herbam tradimus. Quandoquidem proborum non est maledictis certare. Multi ad me scripser, ne vel minimo responso carnificis illius contumelias prosequerer. Sane juste judicant. Sed uno, aut tribus verbis mendacium de Burdonibus profligare non erit infra dignitatem nostram. Sunt enim quidam, quos falsæ contumeliæ magis, quam veræ laudes oblectant. Itaque propter illos hoc fiet; non propter probos, quibus carnifex ille tam portentosam fabulam persuadere non potuit; cujus auctores quosdam Italos scimus, cum interea longe plures in Italia sint, qui contra sentiunt. Vale vir optime & eruditissime. Lugduni Batavorum. VI. Kalendas posteriores Martii Iuliani. CIC. DEC. VIII. EPISTOLA XXVII. ISAACUS CASAUBONUS S.D. Scipioni Gentili. Alterfium. PERjucundæ mihi fuerunt, quasa te proximo mercatu Francofordiensi accepi. Nam ex eorum numero, quorum amicitia gloriari soleo, es profecto tu, Vir præstantissime, merito tuo inter primos. Equidem singularem tuam eruditionem & in utroque genere scribendi facultatem admirabilem, pridem noram: sed me ista minus afficiebant, quam illa, quæ postea summa esse in te deprehendi, cum de facie te novi, & ut sermones tecum sererem mihi contigit. Pietatem dico, & elatum longe animum suæta ista caduca & inania, * quæ hodie quis non miratur, quis non sectatur? ἐνός ὑδῶ τῶς ματαιόντως ἐγως ἐνπειχε ταίς ἀπώτων, ὑλιγον δεῖν ἑυχαίς. Itaque ἐνηκοῦμε τὸ ὑδῶ: illa verolux quam patres nostri videre immortali Dei opt. max. beneficio excitatam e densissimis tenebris, ne ingatis auferatur, cautio est. Quo audentius conspirare inter se oportet eos, quibus dedit ὑπτὸς τῶς ἀλη- Deias νιῶς ἐναι τὸ Φωνῶς: ut mutuis allocationibus sese invicem solentur, & ad veram constantiam hortentur. Ad illorum numerum cum & me & te pertinere confidam εν κυρίω, Clarissime Scipio, nihil potest mihi gratius contingere, quam ut vel tuas legam, vel ipse ad te scribam. Atque utinam non Yy 3 * In Autographo Scipio ad Marginem adscripserat. Intelligit conditiones Biturigibus & Aurelia splendidiissimas, quas repudiavi cum Papistica &c.
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LETTERS OF MEN. 357 which has given place to you as well; since some Italians recently wrote to me that, in their case, he had lied no less than in yours. Indeed, no age has ever brought forth such a monstrosity. While that accursed work was being printed at Mainz, not a few from their own little bags were poured into it by men of notable piety, the Læjolites, even without his knowing it. And so it is no wonder that it swelled to such a bulk, when more than fifty parasites contributed alms to that charlatan for it. If you ask the cause of the hatred, they will assuredly be able to produce either none at all, or only a ridiculous one. I have never offended anyone. I answered slanderers as they deserved. If they think that they alone have the right unjustly to speak ill, while we may not lawfully repel injury justly, then they may indeed have won in that way. And certainly on this point we yield them the field. For it is not the part of good men to compete in abuse. Many have written to me not to follow the insults of that executioner even with the slightest reply. They judge rightly enough. But to destroy a lie about the Burdonii with one or three words will not be beneath our dignity. For there are some who are more pleased by false insults than by true praises. Therefore this will be done for their sake; not for the sake of the good, whom that executioner could not persuade of so monstrous a tale; and we know that some Italians were the authors of it, while meanwhile there are far more in Italy who think otherwise. Farewell, most excellent and most learned man. Leiden. The sixth day before the later Kalends of March, Julian. 1608. LETTER XXVII. ISAAC CASAUBON SENDS GREETING TO SCIPIO GENTILI. The ones I received from you at the last Frankfurt fair were most welcome to me. For among the number of those whose friendship I am accustomed to boast of, you are certainly, most distinguished sir, by your merit among the foremost. Indeed, I had long known your exceptional learning and your remarkable ability in both kinds of writing; but those things affected me less than the qualities which I afterwards found to be highest in you, when I came to know your face and had the chance to converse with you. I mean your piety, and the lofty spirit far removed from those customary empty and vain things, which today who does not admire, who does not follow? ἐνός ὑδῶ τῶς ματαιόντως ἐγως ἐνπειχε ταίς ἀπώτων, ὑλιγον δεῖν ἑυχαίς. Therefore ἐνηκοῦμε τὸ ὑδῶ: that light, however, which our fathers saw, roused by the most gracious gift of almighty God from the thickest darkness, lest it be taken away again, is a warning. For this reason, how much more boldly ought those to conspire together to whom he has given ὑπτὸς τῶς ἀλη- Deias νιῶς ἐναι τὸ Φωνῶς: so that by mutual encouragement they may console one another and exhort one another to true constancy. Since I am confident, in the Lord, that both I and you belong to their number, most distinguished Scipio, nothing can happen to me more welcome than either to read your letters or myself to write to you. And would that not Yy 3 * In the autograph Scipio had written in the margin. He means the conditions at Bourges and Orléans, most splendid ones, which I rejected together with the Papist &c.
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. non essent , non tenerem me, quin te aliquando inviserem, quo possemus una de præsenti rerum statu, qua gemere, qua læturi. Verum id quia nobis ne sperare quidem licet, certe quod superest, ac licet, crebris literis te, , quæso te, . Ex tuis didici, esse isthic Iudæum gente, professione Christianum, qui edendis Rabbinorum libris det operam. Beasti me, Mi Gentilis, hoc nuntio, nam ego, qui in elencho Francofodiensi libri ab eo præmissi titulum legeram, cum neminem invenirem, qui aut librum illum edidisset, aut de eo quicquam haberet compertum, miris modis angebar. Est enim ejus generis liber ille, ut nihil possit mihi ejus lectione aut optatius aut jucundius contingere. Quare te per omnes Mulas oro, obsecro, horteris illum meis verbis, ut quicquid nactus fuerit magistri illius, quem ipsi Rabben Haccados nominant, publici juris quam primum faciat. Sequantur velim R. Haccanas Nehumia F. & incomparabilis R. Mosis Maimonis F. More Hannebukim. Habet divinus Scaliger hoc opus & Hebraicum & Arabicum, quomodo est ab auctore editum. Horum & similium auctorum editione mirifice literarum meliorum studia iri adjutum nos quidem judicamus. Quod me hortaris ad observationum sacrarum scriptionem, agnosco & pieta- tem ergo Deum tuam, & amorem erga me. Nam quod tibi persuades posse me in eogenere aliquid, benevolentia est tuæ adversum me, non mei meriti, etsi non iverim inficias, plusculas vigilias nostras ei curæ fuisse impensas: atque adeo hoc unicum esse jampridem studium, quo capimur, quo pascimur. Sed ubi locorum sim vides, Mi Scipio, neque ignoras quam odiosa res sit veritas iis, quibus ultrò se fecere obnoxios, quinos alunt. Sed de hoc generetoto proximis literis, Deo favente; plura habeo enim quæ tecum velim communicata. Vale Clarissime Scipio. Lutetia Parisior. a. d. 11. No. Ian. c10 10 cv. EPISTOLA XXVIII. ISAACUS CASAUBONUS S. D. Scipioni Gentili. Alorsium. Cum hæc ad te exarabam, vir præstantissime, ita curis variis distringebar, ut nemo magis. Sed hoc quasi solenne tempus ad scribendum silentio transmittere religioni mihi fuit: cum præsertim faciam nihil libentius, quam ut tecum per literas confabuler. Quod si non deficerer otio, amplum scribendi argumentum Italia vestra suggerebat. Nam obsecro, vidistine, quæ superioribus mensibus Venetiis prodiere scripta? ego vidi, si non omnia, certe maximam partem. O viros! O exactam earum rerum cognitionem, quas in illis oris nemini putabant plerique esse notas. Multa legi, imo pæne omnia, quæ vidi inde profecta. Probavi omnia & laudavi. Sed inter omnes, mirum dictu, quantum judicio Paulus excellat: quem scimus virum esse doctissimum, vitæ innocentissimæ, judicii limatissimi. Hujus si scripta legisti, ecquid de
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Very dear and most learned Sir, if it were not so, I should not restrain myself from visiting you at some time, so that we might together either lament or rejoice over the present state of affairs. But since we are not even allowed to hope for that, I beg you at least to do what remains and is permitted: write to me often, I pray you. From your letters I have learned that there is there a Jew by birth, a Christian by profession, who is engaged in publishing the books of the Rabbis. You have made me happy with this news, my dear Gentilis, for when I had read in the Frankfurt catalogue the title of the book issued by him, and could find no one who had either published that book or knew anything certain about it, I was troubled beyond measure. For it is such a work that nothing could happen to me more desirable or more agreeable than to read it. Therefore I beseech you by all the Muses, urge him in my name to make public as soon as possible whatever he may have obtained of that master whom they themselves call Rabben Haccados. I should like to see follow, if possible, R. Haccanas Nehumia F. and the incomparable R. Mosis Maimonis F., More Hannebukim. The divine Scaliger has this work in both Hebrew and Arabic, in the form in which it was published by its author. We certainly judge that the publication of these and similar authors will wonderfully advance the study of better letters. As for your urging me to write sacred observations, I acknowledge both your piety toward God and your affection toward me. For that you think I can do something in that field is due to your goodwill toward me, not to any merit of mine, although I do not deny that a little more of my wakeful hours has been devoted to that task; indeed, it has long since become the one study by which we are captivated and fed. But you see where I am, my dear Scipio, and you do not ignore how hateful truth is to those who have voluntarily made themselves dependent on others, who feed them. But more on this whole subject in my next letters, God willing; for I have much more that I should like to share with you. Farewell, most distinguished Scipio. Paris, January 11, 1610. LETTER XXVIII. ISAAC CASAUBON TO SCIPIO GENTILI. Aletorium. While I was writing this to you, most excellent sir, I was so distracted by various cares that no one could have been more so. But it seemed to me almost a religious duty to let this customary time for writing pass in silence, especially since I take greater pleasure in nothing than in conversing with you by letter. If I were not lacking in leisure, your Italy would furnish ample material for writing. For tell me, have you seen the writings that have appeared in Venice in these recent months? I have seen, if not all, certainly the greater part. O men! O exact knowledge of those matters which most people thought were known to no one in those regions. I have read many of them, indeed almost all that I have seen issued from there. I approved and praised them all. But among them all, it is astonishing how much Paulus excels in judgment: whom we know to be a most learned man, of the most innocent life, and of the most refined judgment. If you have read his writings, have you at all about...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 359 de vestra Italia bene sperare incipis? Videtur enim veritatis strictura aliqua illic affulsisse: quæ volente Deo clarum lumen olim sit ibidem accensura. O si me vivo hoc fieri videam! nîne mei chiros iuviæ chi[ri]s[ti]o[n]is. Sed obliviscor occupationum mearum. Quare desinam, & ut silentium meum apud Doctissimum Othonem excuses te orabo. Vale vir Clarissime. Lutetiæ Parisior. a. d. xv. Kal. April. CIC IIXVII. EPISTOLA XXIX. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Gothofredus Iungermannus. Altorsium. Heri quæ fuere ipsæ Kalendæ Augusti adpendicem ad notas tuas, Vir ampliss. accepimus, cum literis tuis ad me, & alteris a Cl. Rittershusio. Sic est vero, & me ipsum moleste valde tulisse has frustrationes, quæ literis nostris accidere. Et illæ vero, ut jam intellexi, quastum Rittershusio nostro scripseram interierunt etiam. Repetii tamen pleraque in alteris, ubi & locum illum, quem amanuensis tuus non totum descripserat, ad oram adposueram, in alteris inquam ad eundem Rittershusium nostrum, quæ, ut suspicor, ad illum quoque non sunt perlatæ. Nec enim respondet quidquam ad eas. Iratos itaque Deos viales putem meis literis, & tam sinistro uti Mercurio tabellarios? verum si hæ modo reddantur, locum infra scripsi, quem in tuis notis non perfectum inveni. De ceteris mehercule non recordor amplius. Si quid erit, leve scilicet erit & in quo ego solum & mei similes minime acuti ingenii homines hærere solemus. De crucibus quod attinet, profecto ego mihi ipsi & animo jam cruces fixisse experior. Consulueram te sane prius super hac re. Ita tamen doleo, ut vix credas, quod id tibi displicere videam. Quid meritus ego? ait ille apud Comicum, & tu sane alterum, quod ibi scriptum, mihi respondere potes, si agere velles severe. Ceterum sines me αποιε οἰδοις πινδιδων. Quod faciam libens, ubicunque te id velle intellexero. Jam cogito in appendice denuo præfigere numeros, ab unario repetens. Paginis vero, ut ipse fecisti, margini additis, ad quas nempe addendæ hæ notæ supernumerariæ. In indice vero, ne ea res sit non satis explicata, literam ad illos numeros addam, sub quibus notæ appendicis: ad illas, quibus Meursiana epistola exornatur. Indices duos jam confeci: rerum unum, alterum authorum, ubi novas & recentiores pono tantum absque numero: nisi ubi laude adficiuntur: ubi notantur, & id indicare, nescio an ubique tuæ humanitati placeat. Quod meæ valetudinis ita curam geris, id gratissimo animo adgnosco, & loco amoris magni erga me, quo quidem amari a tanto viro me non dignum reor, habeo. Ceterum negotia mea ejus curam habere mehercule interdicunt; & parum etiam certe, Mi Amplissime Domine, in me situm est, adeo tenuis opera a nobis Reip. literariæ potest dari. Oculus tamen dexter, quo unice valeo per aliquot hebdomadas male valde habuit, adeo ut medicus no- ster
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LETTERS OF MEN. 359 Do you begin to hope well for your Italy? For indeed there seems to have shone there some glimmer of truth, which, God willing, may one day kindle a clear light there. O if only I may see this happen while I am alive! nîne mei chiros iuviæ chi[ri]s[ti]o[n]is. But I am forgetting my occupations. Therefore I shall stop, and I ask you to excuse my silence to the most learned Otho. Farewell, most distinguished sir. At Paris, on the 15th day before the Kalends of April, 1597. EPISTLE XXIX. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. S.D. Gothofredus Iungermannus. Altorsium. Yesterday, on the very Kalends of August, we received the appendix to your notes, most distinguished sir, together with your letters to me and others from the distinguished Rittershusius. So it is indeed, and I myself have been very vexed by these frustrating mishaps that have befallen our letters. And those letters too, as I now understand, which I had written to our Rittershusius have likewise been lost. Nevertheless I repeated most things in others, where I had also added in the margin the passage which your amanuensis had not fully copied; in others, I say, addressed to the same Rittershusius of ours, which, as I suspect, have also not been delivered to him. For he replies nothing to them. So I would think the gods of the roads are angry with my letters, and that the messengers are using Mercury in such an unlucky way? But if these are now delivered, I have written below the passage which I found incomplete in your notes. As for the rest, by my faith, I no longer remember. If there is anything, it will certainly be something slight, and such as only I and men of my sort, of no keen intellect, are accustomed to stumble over. As for the crosses, I certainly find that I have already fixed crosses for myself and for my mind. I had indeed consulted you beforehand on this matter. Yet I grieve so much that you can hardly believe it, because I see that this displeases you. “What have I deserved?” says the man in the comic poet; and you surely can answer me the other line written there, if you wished to deal severely. However, you will let me καταιε οἰδοις πινδιδων. This I shall gladly do, wherever I shall understand that you wish it. I am now thinking of prefixing the numbers again in the appendix, beginning from one. The pages, however, as you yourself have done, I shall add to the margin, to which these additional notes are to be appended. In the index, moreover, lest the matter be insufficiently explained, I shall add a letter to those numbers under which are the notes of the appendix; and to those under which Meursius’s letter is adorned. I have already prepared two indices: one of subjects, the other of authors, where I place only the new and more recent names without a number—except where they are honored with a commendation; where they are marked, and whether it is fitting to indicate that everywhere, I know not if it will please your kindness. That you take such care for my health I acknowledge with the greatest gratitude, and I regard it as a mark of the great affection you bear toward me, an affection of which indeed I do not think myself worthy to be loved by so great a man. Moreover, my affairs forbid me to have such care, by my faith; and certainly, most illustrious sir, but little also lies in my power, so slender is the service that can be rendered by me to the republic of letters. Yet my right eye, by which alone I have been well for some weeks, has been very badly affected, so that our physician not-
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360 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. fter mallet me aliquantisper , quamvis ego mentem alio, & alio dividam aures. Quas vero grates tibi agam, Mi Ampliss. Dn. quod tam honorifice mei mentionem in illa Notarum facere volueris, sicque me tollis humo tecum in sublime? grates persolvere dignas, non opis est nostræ. Nil possum nisi devotamanimi mentem tibi reddere, qua sis quæso contentus interim. Si titulus in tempore nobis asseratur, quamprimum ut habeas, operam dubimus, quod valde vellem. In talibus enim sua cuique sententia est. Nec plura jam, quam ut valeas ex animi tui sententia vir ampliss. Dn. honorande. Scribebam raptim. a. d. iv. Non. Aug. e typographio Wecheliano. EPISTOLA XXX. SCIPIONI GENTILIS. D. Gothofredus Iungermannus. Altorfium. Iterum itaque conquerendum de literis nostris, vel potius earum latoribus, qui vel non curant, vel sero curant. Tuæ enim ultimæ, datæ secunda die Septembris, ut ex subscriptione adgnosco, octava ejusdem mensis mihi redditæ fuerunt, quum jam die antecedenti tui commentarii a prælo essent absoluti, & Francofurtum ad Moenum transvecti, adeo ut re non amplius integra minime illos defectus supplere potuerim. Sed tuæ quidem, mehæcule, ultimæ inquam, non moram duxerunt in via: meas vero qui tulit vel curavit, adcusandus est, cujus tarda operatam sero ad te pervenerunt. Fuit vero ille defectus ipsissimus in litera S. quem petivi aliquoties, & literas istas, quibus jam antea supplesse te dicis, periislescias. Ego sane illas non vidi. Interim sic rem gessi, forte nimis temere; jussi totam Periodum illam: quibus sane consentit etc, &c. usque ad Martialis omitti. Nec enim ex tui animi sententia opus in nundinas protrahi amplius putavi posse: imo nec consultum id erat, ne præli sodales dilaberentur, ut solent cum nundinis, quum se ne dieculam ulterius obligatos norint: nisique Marnius id prima nundinarum hebdomade habuisset, e re ipsius plane non fuisset. Ceterum mi amplissime Dn. Amice & Patrone Magne, nil metam male habet, dicam enim verba ut res est, quam quod semper adeo metuis, ne mihi sis molestus. Ita enim rursus ais, te ideo dolere, &c ut ignoscam petis. Ita me Deus amet, erubesco nimis ad hæc verba: quum præsertim sciam quam nihil sint ea quæ in tuis præstiti, immo non præstiti: & mihi nihil jucundius posse accidere, quam si vel innuas, qua re tibi gratam opellam navare possim. Quod profecto a nobis, tenue quibus ingenium &c eruditionis curta supellex, ut optatur, ita excogitari non potest, nisi indicetis ipsi, ita opes nostræ sunt inopes. Utere itaque tuo Iungermanno pro lubitu, si illum modo gaudere vis, & voluptate affici. De exemplis mittendis & disribendis, quæ mandas excerpsi, & Marnio nunciari jussi: oculi enim valetudo mala, cui adhuc medicinam facio, mihi Francofurtum ire vix permittet, nisi sero, & quum jam nundinæ ad finem spectabunt. Dn. Bongar- lius
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360 MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED SIR. I would rather have you linger here for a little while, though I am dividing my attention, now to one thing, now to another. What thanks shall I render you, my most distinguished Lord, for having wished to make such honorable mention of me in that Note, and thus to raise me from the ground up with you into the heights? To pay you thanks worthy of the deed is not within my power. I can do nothing except return to you a mind devoted with affection, with which, I beg, be content for the present. If a title is assigned to us in good time, we shall take care to have it as soon as possible, which I should very much desire. For in such matters everyone has his own opinion. And now no more, except that you may fare well according to the wish of your heart, most distinguished and honored Sir. I wrote in haste, on the 4th day before the Nones of August, from the Wechelian printing house. EPISTLE XXX. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. D. Gothofredus Iungermannus. Altorf. So once again I must complain about our letters, or rather about their carriers, who either do not care, or care too late. For your last letter, dated on the second day of September, as I learn from the subscription, was delivered to me on the eighth of the same month, when already on the previous day your commentaries had been finished at the press and sent off to Frankfurt am Main, so that, the matter no longer being intact, I was by no means able to supply those defects. But your last letter, indeed, I say, did not suffer delay on the road: the one who carried or attended to mine is to blame, because his tardy work caused them to reach you too late. The very defect was in the letter S, which I had asked for several times, and the letters of that sort, which you say you had already supplied before, I had perished, I suppose. At any rate, I did not see them. Meanwhile I managed the matter thus, perhaps too rashly; I ordered that entire passage to be omitted: “which certainly agrees,” etc., and so on, down to Martial. For I did not think the work could be kept back for the fairs any longer according to your wishes; indeed, it was not even advisable, lest the printer’s fellows should slip away, as is their custom at the fairs, once they know they are not bound for even another day; and unless Marnius had had it in the first week of the fair, it would plainly not have been to his advantage. Moreover, my most distinguished Lord, Friend and Great Patron, nothing, I say it as the matter is, displeases me more than that you are always so afraid of being troublesome to me. For you say again that you grieve on that account, and so on, and ask me to forgive you. As God loves me, I am too ashamed at these words, especially since I know how little there is in what I have done for you, indeed in what I have not done; and nothing could happen to me more pleasantly than if you would but hint how I might be able to do some agreeable service for you. For from us, whose talent is slight and whose store of learning is scanty, such things, as one would wish, cannot be thought out unless you yourselves indicate them; so poor are our resources. Therefore make use of your Iungermannus as you please, if only you wish him to rejoice and be pleased. As for sending and distributing copies, I have selected the things you ordered, and I have told Marnius to announce them; for the poor condition of my eyes, for which I am still taking medicine, will hardly permit me to go to Frankfurt, unless it be late, and when the fair is already drawing to its close. Lord Bongar- lius
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 361 sias Francofurtum salvus jam pervenit. In præfatione tua ad ipsum ea sicut voluisti, reposui. Spero alias titulum, & quæ commentarios præcedunt ita curata, ut tolerari queant. Testimoniorum tane de Apulejo singulorum ti- tulos mandaveram minoribus literis adornari: sed solemni more nostri festina- bant eo magis, quod nundinæ jam advenerant. De indicibus utinam tibi sal- tem non improbarentur, in quibus Meursiana omnia omisi. In ipsius emen- dationibus nulla mihi placuit, magis quam illa de fanatico. Quod ad D. Stok attinet, ea de re scripsi ad Marnium, scilicet me retci ille, illum habere exemplar commentariorum Donelli perfectum, & quidnam ille esset me scire cupere, quid- que Marnius haberet in animo. Rescripsit ille inter alia hæc ta utum. Ille Doctor Stok ante aliquot menses mihi scripsit de defectu in Donello, quem Dn. Scip. Gen- tili missi, de quibus ut aliis rebus tecum in nunlinis conferre volo. Ita enim verba Latine sonant; quæ mihi Germanice perscripsit. Cæterum ut tan- dern ad illud veniam, quod scribis te cum Rittershusio meo sollicitos ob funcctionis meæ incommoditatem, velle ut vobiscum essem loco honesto, si non sim a professione alienus: vosque ideo cogitatos & conaturos, quas tibi grates agam, mi Amplissime? Non opis id nostræ est. Quamvis enim satis honesto stipendio sim apud Marnium, tamen laborum nimia est moles, quæ nullam refectionem admittit, omnemque valetudinem negligere cogit, quod alias fe- re facere soleo. Accedit hoc, quod ita penitus abstrahar a jucundissimis studiis utriusque linguæ, & bonis auctoribus versandis, cum tamen ego id unice in votis habeo, si talem quietem & otium nancisci possem, quod illis tran- quille tribuerem. Otium enim absque literis, mihi mors revera. Utut ta- men sit, non facile avelli me patior a loco, ubi semel assuevi: nisi oculorum mihi etiam accederet, & Lingelsheimus meus (cui hactenus id ocultavi, rescivit vero per alium) mihi inclamaret serio quid agerem, an me velim per- dere. Variis quidem modis Marnium hic commoratus expertus fui, an labo- res mei minui possent, quin me invito ideo amici magni Marnium objurga- rent, quasi me oneraret nimis. Suscepi itaque primum duo præla, dein per aliquod tempus tria, mox tria cum dimidio, dein tantum unum in illo difficili Concordantiarum Græcarum & Hebraicarum veteris Test. cum pauculis aliis, & constitui per hanc hiemem, si hieme pergent, unico prælo saltem inservi- re, sed varia simul aliorum mihi supplendæ sunt, nisi Marnius velit damnum facere, & itur ad me de singulis quisquiliis, ubi hærent. Hæc vero omnia ut me de recreatione cogitare non facerent, ita aliud tamen facit. Bien- nium jam est quod præla bina e nostro typographio ad majorem Aubrium trans- lata fuerint, cum & ipse hanc artem tractare velit. Incidunt tamen inter il- lum imperitum profecto & minus aptum ad gubernandas operas, & nostrum senem, quem Marnius præfecit, quique fidelissime & diligentissime omnia administrat, variæ lites, dum quicquid ille corrumpit & peccat, in nostrum transfert: & alias etiam Aubriani rationes reddi sibi Marnio volunt, & here- ditatem prorsus dividi, adeo ut aliquoties officina claudi debuerit, quum alias intæ
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Letters of Men. 361 has now safely reached Frankfurt. In your preface to him I restored those things as you wished. I hope the title and what precedes the commentaries have also been attended to, so that they may be tolerated. I had instructed that the titles of the individual testimonies about Apuleius should be adorned with smaller letters; but according to our usual custom they were hurrying all the more because the fair had already begun. As for the indices, I only wish they may at least not displease you, in which I omitted everything from Meursius. Of his own emendations, none pleased me more than that one concerning the fanatic. As regards Dr. Stok, I wrote about the matter to Marnius, namely that he had told me he had a complete copy of Donellus’s commentaries, and that I wished to know what exactly that was, and what Marnius intended. He replied, among other things, as follows. That Doctor Stok wrote to me some months ago about a defect in Donellus, which was sent to Mr. Scip. Gentilis, about which, as with other matters, I wish to confer with you at the fair. For such are the Latin words; this is what he wrote to me in German. But to come at last to what you write: that you and Rittershusius are concerned about me on account of the inconvenience of my post, and wish that I might be with you in an honorable position, if I am not unsuited to a profession; and that you have therefore thought and are endeavoring to do so—what thanks shall I give you, my most distinguished friend? It is not in my power. For although I am paid a quite honorable salary with Marnius, the burden of work is nevertheless too great, admitting no refreshment and compelling me to neglect all attention to my health, which I otherwise almost always do. Added to this is the fact that I am so utterly withdrawn from the most delightful studies of both languages and from working with the good authors, when nevertheless I have this alone in my wishes, if I could obtain such rest and leisure, that I might devote it tranquilly to them. For leisure without letters is death to me indeed. Yet however it may be, I do not easily allow myself to be torn away from the place to which I have once become accustomed: unless the condition of my eyes also came in, and my friend Lingelsheim (whom I had thus far concealed this from, but who learned of it through another) should seriously reprimand me as to what I am doing, whether I wish to ruin myself. In various ways I have indeed experienced, while staying here with Marnius, whether my labors could be lessened; but my friends, against my wishes, have for that reason greatly scolded Marnius, as if he were burdening me too much. So at first I took on two presses, then for some time three, soon three and a half, then only one in that difficult work of the Concordances of the Greek and Hebrew of the Old Testament, together with a few others, and I resolved that through this winter, if the winter continues, I should serve at least one press alone; but various things of others also have to be supplied by me, unless Marnius wishes to cause loss, and people come to me about each and every trifle where they are stuck. But although all these things would not make me think about recreation, something else still does. It is now two years since two presses from our printing house were transferred to the elder Aubrius, since he too wishes to handle this art. However, disputes arise between that man—certainly inexperienced and less fit to direct the work—and our old man, whom Marnius appointed and who administers everything most faithfully and diligently, while whatever the former corrupts and botches is transferred to ours: and the Aubrian side also wants accounts to be rendered to Marnius, and the inheritance to be divided entirely, so that on several occasions the workshop has had to be closed, when otherwise
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. inter has occupationes ad calculos sedere quiete nequeant. Unde necessario forte mihi de alia conditione cogitandum. Nec tamen ullam præoptarem, quam de qua scribis. Fuit enim mihi in votis, & id non occultavi prorsus apud alios, jucundissimam vitam mihi fore, si Deus me aliquando Altorsium transferre velit, ubi Philologia (quæ Dea in patria meaheu! eviluit & sper- nitur) suam sedem fixit. Sane probare cogitarem ovi Iei vobis tenuia offi- ciola mea, ut videretis me id unice spectare, ne ingratus mori aliquando vide- rer. Unum est, quod considerandum vobis relinquo, nec audax sum nec fa- cundus. Quamvis & Rittershusio duce quidvis audendum videatur. Sed nec doctrinæ eruditæ ulla apud me copia, quamvis vobis magnis doctoribus de ea consequenda aliqua minime prorsus desperare possim. Cæterum molestus fui tibi plus satis. Jam adgredior idem Rittershusium meum Vale atque salve mi Ampliss. D[omi]n[us] & amice, atque patrone unice. Hanovix. x. Septembr. EPISTOLA XXXI SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Gothofredus Iungermanus. Altorsium. Non potuere libro tuo manus admovere operæ nostræ, occupatæ hacte- nus in Philippi Mornaii responsione ad Perronium Cardinalem, ab alio nobili Gallo in Latinum sermonem translata (quamvis stilus mihi ipsum Mor- naium sapiat) quæ absolvi prius debet. Brevi vero id, Deo volente, fiet, & statim succedet tuum; literas vero tuas accepi, & gratias tam largas ab amico mihi actum iri pro officiolo, quod suscepturus sum in tuis, non sperabam. Nihil tamen alienum facis ab humanitate tua. Cum vero non mihi ipsi li- ceat ad prælum corrigere totum illud scriptum tuum, vir Amplissime, ita capior, dum obiter & quantum temporis I exico Græco suffurari licet, nume- ros in illo signo. Sic enim est. Qui i[am] dixi mihi, non illæ de quibus Juvenalis, sed scripta & imprimatur talia, quale tuum edecumatum sane & nitidissimis emble- matibus varium. Sed nolim quid dare tuis auribus: ad alia pergo. Miror in tuis nihil de transmissis ad te, Vir amplissime, & Rittershusium nostrum literis cum fasce librario, me legere. Tradidi illa omnia in nundinis Martino Preu, jam apud Marnium commoranti, qui vobis credo notus, uti qui se diu olim in vestra Academia studiis operam dedisse ait. Erant aliæ occasiones mittendi, sed ille volebat ut per se curarem. Marnius alias quinquagenta exempla edet charta meliore & lætiore. Nec tu solus conquereris de intolerabili charta, quam hodie typographi abutuntur in libris excudendis. Illustrissimus Scali- ger graviter quoque illis succenset, cujus verba ex literis, quas hisce nundi- nis ab illo accepi, non possum omittere quin adscribam: Fidelissima ait totius Europa Germanorum natio fidem decoxit in edendis libris. Princeps illa aliis viam praivit, male de bonis auctoribus merendi, quum omni pudore posthabito in libris excudendis ea charta utantur, qua ne ad sua falsamenta involvenda cecarii
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Most learned and illustrious Sir, Among these occupations I cannot sit quietly at my calculations. Hence I must necessarily think of some other condition. Yet I would prefer none other than the one of which you write. For it had long been my wish, and I did not conceal it entirely from others, that my life would be most pleasant if God should at some time wish to transfer me to Altorsium, where Philology, who in my homeland—alas!—has declined and is despised, has established her seat. Indeed, I should think of proving to you the humble services I could offer, so that you might see that my sole aim is that I may not seem some day to die ungrateful. There is one thing I leave for you to consider, and I am neither bold nor eloquent, though with Rittershusius as my guide anything may seem worth daring. Nor do I have any abundance of learned erudition, although with you, great scholars, I may not altogether despair of attaining some of it. But I have troubled you more than enough. I now proceed to my Rittershusius. Farewell and hail, most excellent Lord and friend, and my one patron. Hanover, 10 September. EPISTLE XXXI TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. S.P. Gothofredus Iungermanus. Altorsium. Our hands could not yet be brought to your book, being occupied hitherto with the response of Philippi Mornaius to Cardinal Perron, translated into Latin by another noble Frenchman (although the style seems to me to savor of Mornaius himself), which must first be completed. But soon this will be done, God willing, and your work will follow at once. I have received your letters, and I did not expect that such ample thanks would be given me by a friend for the little service I shall undertake for you. Yet you do nothing contrary to your courtesy. Since it is not permitted to me myself to correct that whole writing of yours at the press, most excellent Sir, I am so engaged, while incidentally and so far as time may be stolen from the Greek lexicon, to mark the numbers in it. For so it is. Those, I said to myself, not the ones of whom Juvenal speaks, but let such works be written and printed as yours, truly elegant and varied with most refined emblems. But I would not wish to say anything offensive to your ears; I move on to other matters. I am surprised that in your letter there is nothing about the letters sent to you, most excellent Sir, and to our Rittershusius, together with the parcel of books, which I read. I handed over all those things at the fair to Martin Preu, now staying with Marnius, who I believe is known to you, as one who says that long ago he devoted himself to study in your Academy. There were other opportunities for sending them, but he wished me to take care of it myself. Marnius will otherwise publish fifty copies on better and brighter paper. Nor are you alone in complaining of the intolerable paper which printers today abuse in printing books. The most illustrious Scaliger also severely censures them, and I cannot omit his words, which from the letter I received from him at this fair I transcribe here: “The most faithful nation of all Europe, the Germans, has squandered its good faith in the publishing of books. That nation led the way for others in the evil of offending good authors, when, having set all shame aside, they use in printing books that kind of paper with which even blind men, to wrap up their own counterfeits…”
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ 363 cetarii uti volent. Hoc incivile exemplum omnis Europa nunc sequitur, præter Belgium & Lutetiam. In illis locis supersunt adhuc vestigia veteris pudoris, & reverentia literarum. Hæc ille. Nolter tamen videtur ex parte exculandus, quod commoditas è proximo bonam chartam curandi illi desit: non vero Basileensibus & Parisiensibus, nec Batavis credo. Nolter cogitur poscere ultra quinquaginta milliaria: unde facile conjectari, quantum pro vectura pretium exsolvendum. De Characteribus vero nihil verearis, Vir Amplissime. In illo specimine charta non adeo imbibit, scilicet nè . Nec solent literæ bene nigræ apparere, nisi post decem vel duodecim paginas prælo absolus: tum magis accipere solet charta typorum formam & nigrorem. Sunt certe exdem literæ in tuo specimine, quas vidisti & in indice. Sed narro tibi, Vir Ampliss. & amice magne, cum forte acciperem Apulejum (editio est Vulcanii a Raphesengio in 16 cusa 1594) invenio me quædam Heidelbergæ, dum ante triennium animi causa illam Apologiam percurrem, notasse ad libelli margines; quæ cum bona venia liceat me facere judicii tui, & raptim enotare. Scilicet dies hodie nè teriandi tempus concedit. Video te vero notasse, quod Erasmus citet librum de Magia. Sic fere & Vallo 5. Elegant. 42. Apologiam de Magia laudas. Sed ad rem ipsam. Locus ille p. 260. in ed. Vulcanii. Ego adeo servor. Tu an abeas ad agrum colendum, an ipse mutuarias operas cum amicis ambias, neque scio neque laboro. Hic varie vari. Tibi & Cæsaubono nostro placet servior. Est & qui cernor voluit. Sane vi servor pro observor non malæ notæ videtur: & alicubi ni fallor eo significatu Cæsaubonus in ipsa Apologia reponit. Mihi omnino placuit emendare, omnibus literis servatis. Ego a te observor. Quæ conjectura mihi nondum duplicere potest. Opponit enim clare se observari ab illo nebulone: quem ipse tamen nec curet nec observet. Statim ibidem v. præced. cum ipse humilitate abdita & lucifuga non sis mihi mutuo conspicus. Non probabat: Putschius meus mutantem Cæsaubonum in abditus, accipiebatque nò lucifuga adjective, putabatque se legisse apud Lucilium Lucifugus Nebulo. Pag. 263. Maxima quæque scelera &c. ubi contra hanc temere inter illustres viros divites comparent. Vulcanius hæc temere. Putschius haut temere, ut & a te optime edi video. Illud dein paucioris habeo, quod habet vetus editio Florentina non necesse erat mutare Fulvium in habito, quum habeo idem valeat: verum phrasim tecum non adsequor, nisi si putes tamen, ut pluris ita paucioris dici posse commode. p. 266. quin inquam vana &c. Scelera immumia & inconcessa &c. An potius immania? 211. Quod si nihil remanet suspicionis, neque in piscatoribus mercede invitatis, ad quod solem [ad piscem capiundum] Iuclusa Putschius putabat Glossema. 216. Ceterum quamobrem plurimos jam piscis cognoverim, quorundam adhuc nescius esse nolui, discat, &c. Placebat mihi: nolim, discat. Sic enim mox ante p. 27. in fine ait, se negotium piscatoribus & amicis dedisse, ut si quid minus cogniti piscis inciderit, ipsi ostendant & commemorent. Dein in Ennianis etiam statim vidi ibi. Surrenti fac emas glaucum Cumas apud at quid? ZZ 2
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LETTERS OF MEN 363 fishmongers may use as they wish. This uncivil example is now followed by all Europe, except Belgium and Paris. In those places there still remain traces of the old sense of shame and reverence for letters. So much for him. Yet Nolter seems to be in part excusable, because he lacks the convenience of obtaining good paper from nearby; but not so, I think, the Basileians and Parisians, nor the Dutch. Nolter is forced to ask beyond fifty miles; from this one may easily conjecture what price must be paid for transport. As for the type, fear nothing, most distinguished sir. In that specimen the paper does not so much absorb, namely nè . Nor do the letters usually appear properly black unless after ten or twelve pages have been run through the press: then the paper usually takes on more of the form and blackness of the type. Certainly the same letters are in your specimen as you saw also in the index. But I tell you, most distinguished sir and dear friend, that when I happened to receive Apuleius (the edition is Vulcanius’s, printed in 16mo by Raphesengius in 1594), I find that at Heidelberg, while some three years ago I was perusing that Apology for my own pleasure, I had noted certain things on the margins of the little book; and, if you will allow me to use your judgment kindly, I shall note them down hastily. For today the day gives no time for polishing. I see, however, that you have noted that Erasmus cites the book On Magic. So too, roughly, in Vallo 5. Elegant. 42. you praise the Apology On Magic. But to the matter itself. That passage on p. 260 in Vulcanius’s edition. I am thoroughly occupied. Whether you are going out to cultivate the fields, or are yourself seeking hired help from friends, I neither know nor care. Here the reading varies. To you and to our Cæsaubon it seems good to read servior. There is also one who wanted cernor. Surely vi servor for observor seems of no bad stamp; and somewhere, unless I am mistaken, Cæsaubon himself restores it in the Apology with this meaning. It pleased me altogether to emend it, while preserving all the letters. “I am observed by you.” This conjecture still cannot satisfy me. For he clearly sets himself against being watched by that scoundrel; whom nevertheless he neither cares for nor watches. Immediately there in the preceding verse, “since you are not to me a secret and skulking mutual observer.” He did not approve it. My Putschius accepted Cæsaubon’s change to abditus, and took lucifuga as an adjective, thinking he had read in Lucilius Lucifugus Nebulo. Page 263. “The greatest crimes,” etc., where, against this, among distinguished men they compare the rich too rashly. Vulcanius did this rashly. Putschius not rashly, as I also see is most excellently printed by you. That other point I care less about: the old Florentine edition has that it was not necessary to change Fulvius into habito, since habeo has the same force; but I do not follow the phrase with you, unless you think that, just as pluris is said, so too paucioris can be said suitably. p. 266. “Why indeed vain,” etc. “Crimes unclean and unlawful,” etc. Or rather “enormous”? 211. “But if nothing remains of suspicion, not even among fishermen invited for wages, to which sun [for catching fish] included.” Putschius thought it a gloss. 216. “Moreover, since I have now come to know very many fish, I did not wish to be ignorant of some of them; let him learn,” etc. I liked “I do not wish, let him learn.” For thus, just before, at the end of p. 27, he says that he had assigned the task to fishermen and friends, so that if any fish less known should come their way, they themselves might show and mention it. Then in the Ennian passages I also immediately saw it there. At Surrentum do make a purchase of the gleaming fish at Cumae—but what? ZZ 2
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. quid? deesse piscem: & blandiebatur valde, quod de apuaveniebat in mentem, cujus veteres mensas non exsortes fuisse patet ex Athenzo, qui tamen saltem Rhodios & Athenienses laudat. Emendabam itaque proxime ad literas, Surrenti fac emas glaucum, Cumis apuas, quid? Nec mihi alterum magis probaretur, si fundum meæ sententiæ haberem, apud Cumas scil. eumpisciculum in pretio fuisse. Sed bonos auctores evolvere mihi operæ meæ interdicunt. Ibi- dem Ambraciam pro Umbracio etiam olim restituit Mercurialis 1. Var. 25. p. 280. si cocto ventrem rusparer bepetia sustoderem. Sic quos vidi, sed cur non potius hepat a. p. 284. Cujus pueritia etsi nihil ad religionem suffragaretur, tamen accusatio fidem derogaret. Hærebam & ego hercle hic, & putabam forte mihi pro nihil legendum. Pueris scil. ad sacra illa opus fuisse, & quamvis itaque pueritia suspicionem de illis sacris magicis movere posset, tamen ad accusandum fidem habere non posset. 285. Magia ista quantum ego audio, res est legibus delegata. Male; cogitabam, relegata. jam capio ex tuis illud alterum 288. Aristoteles adeo in problematis scriptum reliquis, quibus aque caducis a dextero. Omnino puto in aque transpositum, & sic repono. Aristoteles adeo in problematis scriptum aque reliquis, quibus caducis &c. tu considerabis p. 291. quippe omnibus sicut forte negosium Magia facescitur, quidquid omnino egerint, objicietur. Melissus vester rectissime sicut forte. Ibid. statim. Præsertim quod conditum cunque, quod obsignatum quod &c. Emendabam, conditum cuique, 294. Non insimulet Crassus servum suum? sed ipse hæc potius de fuligine & pinnis mentitus est. Omnino deleverim notam interrogationis, & repono: vel; nisi tamen ex Florentina editione quæ habet: Nonne simul & Crassus, &c. quis legat nunc ne insimulet Cr. S. suum. Sed. &c. p. 295. Iste cum maxime præsens per libellum loquitur, non quin &c. Hic vero indicabo palmariam correctionem quæ profecta a Putschio meo scilicet leg. Is tecum maxime præsens &c. Nihil verius. 297. Id munus cum primis gratum mihi fore. Sed eas se fecisse, perinde ut loculi suppetebant. Tu edis ex ea. Nescio an non hic menda ex compendiosa scriptura lateat. Ajunt enim Philomathis codicem habere, secundum ea quod mihi videtur germanum, secundum ea, postea: quod etiam Scaliger Varroni restituit; Ubi secundam partem faciunt. p. 301. Ibi omne virus totis viribus adnixi effudere. Ibi maxime angebantur. Mallem: effudere, ubi m. a. Nihilne leviushabes, inquis? imo hoc. p. 302. Consilium stud cum alii approbarent, cum maxime, &c. Me nescire an non melius, approbarunt. Et hoc. p. 305. Nonnihil a me in communibus studiis adjuvantur, an adjuvatur? Ut saltem de fratre puero intelligamus. Nec hoc præteream libens ead. p. 305 quoniam mihi soli, ait, rerum omnium confidere sese & credere. &c. Calaubonus ibi hæret. Ego dudum puto solus rerum, ut dulcissime rerum apud Horat. 1. Sat. IX. Ovid. 1. de Art. Am. & ibid forte hoc modo latissima rerum. p. 316. præterea ut conviviis multis ac molestiis supersederemus. Mallem ac molestis, nili rectius putes conviviis ac multis molestiis. ibid. vel enim sub ulmo marita cubet in ipso gremio terra. Video hic quosdam con-
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. what? to miss the fish: and it was very pleasing, because the thought of apua came to mind, of which it is clear that the ancient tables were not devoid, from Athenaeus, who nevertheless at least praises the Rhodians and the Athenians. So I was emending as close as possible to the letters: at Surrentum make the glaucus fish, at Cumae the apua; what? Nor would the other reading seem more probable to me, if I had the foundation of my judgment, namely that at Cumae that little fish was held in esteem. But the study of good authors forbids me the labor. Therein Mercurialis also once restored Ambracia for Umbracio, Var. 1. 25. p. 280. if, when the belly was warmed by cooked food, I scraped it with bepetia sutoderem. Thus the ones I saw, but why not rather hepat a. p. 284. Although his youth contributed nothing to religion, yet the accusation would detract from credibility. I too was hanging back here, by Hercules, and I thought perhaps that for nihil we should read something. Namely, that boys were needed for those sacred rites, and although youth might therefore raise suspicion about those magical rites, still it could not have credibility sufficient for an accusation. 285. That magic, as far as I hear, is a matter assigned to the laws. Wrong; I was thinking, relegated. Now I understand from yours the other reading at 288. Aristotle so wrote in the Problems, the remaining waters, from the right-hand side, which fall away. I certainly think in that aque has been transposed, and so I restore it. Aristotle in the Problems thus wrote aque, the rest being left, with the falling waters, etc. You will consider p. 291. since with everyone, as it were, the matter of magic is stirred up, whatever they have done at all will be thrown in their face. Your Melissus quite correctly, as it were. There also at once. Especially because whatever is sealed, whatever is shut up, and so on. I would emend to “confectum cuique,” 294. Will Crassus not accuse his own slave? but rather he himself lied about these matters concerning soot and feathers. I would certainly delete the note of interrogation, and I restore: or; unless, however, from the Florentine edition which has: “Nonne simul et Crassus, etc.” one should now read “ne insimulet Cr. S. suum.” But. etc. p. 295. That man, while still very much present, speaks through a little pamphlet, not that etc. Here indeed I shall indicate a brilliant correction, which came from my Putschius, namely that one should read: “Is tecum maxime præsens” etc. Nothing truer. 297. That duty would be most welcome to me, especially. But that he had made those things, just as his money-pouch allowed. You print from it. I do not know whether here too a mistake lies hidden from the abbreviated script. For they say Philomathes’s manuscript has “secundum ea,” which seems to me the genuine reading, “secundum ea,” afterward: which Scaliger also restored to Varro; where they make the second part. p. 301. There all their poison, with all their might, they poured forth having exerted themselves. There they were especially tormented. I would prefer: “effudere, ubi m. a.” Have you nothing easier, you say? indeed this. p. 302. The plan, though others approved it, at the very time, etc. I do not know whether it would not be better to read “approbarunt.” And this. p. 305. “They are aided by me somewhat in common studies,” or is it “adjuvatur”? At least so that we may understand it of the brother as a boy. Nor shall I gladly pass over this either, same p. 305, since “I,” he says, “trust and confide in myself alone in all matters.” etc. Calaubonus hesitates there. I have long thought “solus rerum,” as in Horace, most sweetly “rerum” in Sat. 1, IX; Ovid, De Art. Am. 1; and perhaps here in this way, “latissima rerum.” p. 316. furthermore that we might be free from many banquets and troubles. I would prefer “ac molestis,” unless you think more rightly “conviviis ac multis molestiis.” there also, or else under the elm let her lie, married, in the very lap of the earth. I see here certain con-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 365 conjectare, quibus & me aggregavi, legens marita accubet. p. 310. ego vero quietis & concordia & pietatis auctor, conciliator, favissor. non possum probare Casaubonum, qui fautor, suosor, quod & sibi displicere .... terna enim opponit ternis, quietis auctor, concordiæ conciliator, pietatis fautor p. 322. quemne ille bonum virum ait, cujus animi disputationem tam plene suis literis collaudat. Casauboni illud Aviti hic locum habere non existimo: legenduni forte dispositionem, quod tamen mihi ipsi non probatur satis. p. 327 adest etiam tutor, auctor mulieris, vir gravissimus &c. hærebam, putabamque transposita & legendum auctor, tutor mulieris: quo me scilicet sequentia inducebant. Et eadem p. an uti rem familiarem suam meo adhortatupleramque filiis condonasset. Sulpicabarque & ubi rem, suspicabar & condo .... p. 328. saltem fingite aliquid, reminiscimini, quod responderatis, qui vos itarogarit. Et quoniam &c. non recte puto Calaubonum legere comminiscimini, sic enim supra p. 290. finge aliquid, reminiscere, excogita. Dein legerem responderetis qui vos ita. Enecas me tuis ineptiis, inquis, & tandem . Sic est, vir Amplissime & amicissime, imitari didici istos criticos, quamvis in eorum confellu vix imi subsellii virum me profiteri audeam, qui sic amicos suos solent beare. Ignosce, ignosce, quælo, quod meas quisquiliasadeo tibi ante pedes spargo. Notavi ista, ut dixi, Heidelbergæ, nec potui recensere. Et (malum) fere oblitus sum, quod ad tua pertinet. Scilicet in textum me inseruisse tales sauviorus ubicunque ad notas tuas lectori recurrendum est, si rectius velit omnia intelligere & clarius. Id credo me non fecisse tuis ingratius. Sed vidistine partum, quem o edidit contra incomparabilem Scaligerum? omnes docti, in quibus Gruterus noster, judicant, nullum librum ab orbe condito prodiisse tam diabolicum; ego non tanti putabam emere n pænitere: charo enim vendebat bibliopola. Sed satis est tandem a melitatum nugis, quas tibi jam plenis literis oggero. Tu iterum iterumque rogatus amico velis ignoscerere. Saluto officiosè Clarissimum Hubnerum & Rittershusium, & te quoque Vir Amplissime in valere atque salvere jubeo. Scribebam Hanoviæ e typographio Wecheliano. A.D. VI. Idus Maj. CIC IIC VII. EPISTOLA XXXII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Petrus Brderodius. Alloorsium. ETsi nuper tibi, clarissime & amicissime Gentilis, pro jure conjunctionis paucæ de nostris scripserim, nolui tamen officiis communis amicitiæ deesse. En tibi literas a parente tuo viro Clarissimo; recens mihi a Medicinæ doctore, qui ante paucos dies ex Anglia Francofurtum venit, traditas; is quædam præterea sibi a parente tuo credita, quæ tibi nuncupative referre debebat, se habere dicebat, quæ tum expiscari licuit; tangebat negotium aut ipsam personam Pacii, a quo tibi cavendum putat. De Lipsio etiam quædam adscripseram superioribus, & nunc etiam de Clariss. Gothosredo nescio quid ausim Zz 3.
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LETTERS OF MEN. 365 to conjecture to whom I have attached myself, while reading that a married woman lies down. p. 310. But I am indeed the promoter, reconciler, and encourager of quiet, harmony, and piety. I cannot approve Casaubon, who has “fautor, suosor,” though he displeases even himself .... for he sets three against three: promoter of quiet, reconciler of concord, encourager of piety p. 322. Whom, then, does he call that good man, whose discussion of mind he so fully praises in his letters. I do not think that Avitus’ passage has a place here in Casaubon: perhaps “dispositionem” should be read, though that does not satisfy even myself. p. 327 there is also guardian, promoter of the woman, a very serious man, etc. I was at a loss, and thought it transposed, and that one should read “promoter, guardian of the woman”: to which, of course, what follows led me. And the same p. “did he not by my encouragement largely hand over his property to his sons.” And I suspected “ubi rem,” I suspected too “condo....” p. 328. “At least imagine something; remember what you answered, you who asked yourselves thus.” And since, etc., I do not think Casaubon reads correctly “comminiscimini”; for thus above, p. 290: “invent something, remember, devise.” Then I should read “you answered, you who thus...” “You torment me with your nonsense,” you say, “and at last...” So it is, most eminent and most friendly sir; I have learned to imitate those critics, although in their company I would scarcely dare profess myself the man of the lowest bench, who are accustomed thus to delight their friends. Forgive, forgive, I beg, that I scatter my little trifles thus at your feet. I noted these things, as I said, at Heidelberg, and could not revise them. And (alas!) I almost forgot what concerns your own matters. Namely, I inserted into the text such sauviorus wherever the reader must go back to your notes, if he wishes to understand everything more correctly and more clearly. I think I did not do this to your displeasure. But have you seen the offspring which o produced against the incomparable Scaliger? All learned men, among them our Gruter, judge that no book has ever come forth since the foundation of the world so diabolical; I did not think it worth buying, lest I repent: for the bookseller sold it dear. But enough at last of the amusements of my scribbling, which I now heap upon you in full letters. You, being repeatedly requested, would kindly forgive me as a friend. I greet with due respect the most distinguished Hübner and Rittershusius, and I bid you also, most eminent sir, farewell and good health. I was writing from Hanover, from the Wechelian printing house. A.D. VI. Idus May. CIC IIC VII. LETTER XXXII. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. S.D. Petrus Bredodius. Alloorsium. Although I have recently written to you, most distinguished and most friendly Gentilis, a few things about our affairs by reason of the bond between us, I nevertheless did not wish to be lacking in the duties of common friendship. Here for you are letters from your father, a most distinguished man; recently handed to me by a doctor of medicine who came a few days ago from England to Frankfurt. He said that he also had certain matters entrusted to him by your father, which he was to relate to you in a personal message, and which I was able then to inquire about; he mentioned the business or even the person of Pacius, from whom he thinks you must beware. I had also written something about Lipsius in the preceding letters, and now too, concerning the most distinguished Gothosredus, I would dare to say something I do not know Zz 3.
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366 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. scribere, video illum magis magisque in vestras partes inclinare. Vestrum erit hisce tam bellis occasionibus oblatis frui, & vestræ scholæ tam robusta sulcra suffulcire. Ego si instetur, aliquid ausim polliceri, dummodo vestram supet hac re voluntatem & deliberationem agnovero. Ex Gallia rumor defertur, Regem Christianissimum in agro & in continenti Rotomagi esse, & militem Rotomagensem, cum in Regios impetum faceret, cæsum partim, partim repulsum fuisse, ac ex ea strage urbem ipsam in potestatem Regis pervenisse: hæc hodie Colonia ad nos perscripta: uti & hoc, quod Parmensis Valencenis in Belgium revertitur, & consilium de profectione aut expeditione Gallica mutaverit. Nostri præparant se ad recuperandam possessionem Comitatus novæ Aquilæ vel de Meurs, a qua per Capitulum Coloniense Vidua dicti Comitis dejecta fuit. Hos etiam rumores hac occasione ad te scribere libuit, ne tibi papyrum mundam pro tegmine literarum tuarum emitterem. Tu solita tua &c mutua benevolentia tuum Brederodium complecti perge & Vale. IV. Kal. De cembr. CIC I3 XCI. Francofurti. EPISTOLA XXXIII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Petrus Brederodius. Inas te mihi scriptisse literas, Clarissime Gentilis, ex posterioribus, quas heri accepi, percipio; priores nondum vidi. Scripseram tibi de statu doctissimi nostri Lipsii, eum a nostris veniam petitam obtinuisse; ac nunc omni vinculo liberum esse; eumque si forte hoc ab illo expeteretur amicorum tuasu posse exorari, ut scholæ vestræ restaurandæ ornandæque operam suam tribueret. Quare vestrum erit dispicere, utrum placeat illius rei apud illum mentionem facere, & expiscari illius in Noricos animum. Puto optime inter vos, Gothofredum & illum conveniret, volque velut ex tripode omnia oracula ederetis. De Gothofredo, si petant Amplissimi vestræ Scholarchæ, non dubito, quin voti fiant compotes, illius enim animum vobis deditissimum esse ex ultimis illius literis perspexi; quibus se mirari significabat, tantum vestrum tamque altum silentium. Vos itaque pergite & literatos pro more tuo promovete, inde & ad te aliquando cum ad supremum gradum, cui nunc astas, adlicendes. Significavi Charissimo nostro pectori studium tuum & amorem, cujus etiam fructum ab illosenties. Clarissimus D. Doctor Sixtinus te officiose meæ verbis salutat; is intellexit vobis deesse, qui vel pandectas vel institutiones legant; commendat vobis Iuris doctorem virum doctissimum Matpurgi promotum cognatum suum, qui aliquot annos Magdeburgi publice cum laude professus est; hujus si forte occasio sit, commendationem tibi cordi esse rogat, ille vicissim omnia studia tibi vestræque scholæ defert. Rerum novarum ex Galia nihil habemus. Rotomagum obsideretur a Rege, sed neque urbs neque arc capta, cuniculi tentati in arcem, sed frustra, intermedium inter urbem & ar- cem
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366 MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. I see him, in writing, inclining more and more to your side. It will be for you to make use of these very fine opportunities when they present themselves, and to strengthen the solid foundations of your school. If pressed, I would dare to promise something, provided I first learn your intention and deliberation in this matter. A rumor comes from France that the Most Christian King is at Rouen, both in the field and in the city, and that the Rouen militia, when it made an attack on the Royalists, was partly slain and partly repulsed, and that from this slaughter the city itself has come into the King’s power: this has been reported to us today at Cologne; as well as this, that the Duke of Parma is returning from Valenciennes into Belgium, and has changed his plan regarding the journey or expedition to France. Our people are preparing themselves to recover possession of the County of New Aquila or Meurs, from which the widow of the said count was expelled by the Chapter of Cologne. I was also pleased on this occasion to write these rumors to you, lest I send out clean paper as a cover for your letters. Do you continue, with your usual and mutual goodwill, to embrace your Brederode, and farewell. 4th day before the Kalends of December, 1591. Frankfurt. LETTER XXXIII. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. GREETING. Petrus Brederodius. I perceive from the later letters, which I received yesterday, that you have written to me, most illustrious Gentili; I have not yet seen the earlier ones. I had written to you about the condition of our most learned Lipsius: that he had obtained leave asked for by our people; and that he is now free of all obligation; and that if by chance this were requested of him, he could, at the urging of friends, be persuaded to devote his efforts to restoring and ornamenting your school. Therefore it will be for you to consider whether it pleases you to make mention of that matter to him, and to sound out his disposition toward the Norici. I think that between you, Gothofredus and he would get on excellently, and that you would, as it were, bring forth all oracles from the tripod. As for Gothofredus, if your most honorable scholarchs ask for him, I do not doubt that they will obtain what they wish; for from his latest letters I have perceived that his mind is most devoted to you; in those letters he indicated his wonder at your so great and so profound silence. Therefore go on, and promote men of letters in your customary way, and from there perhaps one day you will draw them also to you, as to the highest rank at which you now stand. I have conveyed to our dearest heart your zeal and affection, of which you will also receive the reward from him. The most illustrious Doctor Sixtinus sends you his courteous greetings in my words; he has understood that you lack someone who can read either the Pandects or the Institutes; he recommends to you a Doctor of Law, a most learned man promoted at Marburg, his own relative, who for some years publicly taught with praise at Magdeburg; if by chance there is an opportunity for this man, he asks that this recommendation be dear to you; in return he devotes to you and your school every good office. We have no news from France. Rouen was being besieged by the King, but neither the city nor the citadel had been taken; mines were tried against the citadel, but in vain, the space between the city and the citadel...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 367 cem Monasterium Rex occupasse fertur, in quo ille tutus a præsidio arcis urbis graviter impendit, eamque ex illo majoribus machinis arietat. De Parmensi varius rumor, alii illum ad fontes Spadanos ægrotum rediisse, alii nunc Lutetias ingressum & mortem Brissonii, atque aliorum seditione populari interfectorum, ultum esse ferunt. Lotharingi ab oppido Stenæo per Vicecomitem pulsi cæsis 1400. militibus, tormenta novem hostibus erepta Sedanum deduxerunt. Hæc sunt clarissime & amicissime Gentilis, quæ ad posteriores tuas literas rescribere licuit. Tu nos amare perge tibi amicissimos, & diutissime & felicissime vive & vale. Francofurti ad Moenum. XXVI. Decembr. C13 I7 xcI. EPISTOLA XXXIV. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Petrus Brderodius. Alorsium. Quid in negotio Clarissimi Gothofredi cum Amplissimo viro Domino Bennero actum sit, prolixe tecum agerem nunc, sed temporis ratio non patitur; hæc rei summa est; ut vix sperem D. Gothofredum ad vos commeaturum; nam paulo ante nundinas Argentinæ eo beneficiorum vinculo recens devinctus est, ut facile inde avelli non possit. Integrum trimestre ille exspectavit, ut certi aliquid in illo negotio statueretur; sed cum rem lentius promoveri videret, præsentia pro incertis amplexus est. Interea ampliss. D[omi]no Bennero illius verbis gratias habui, testatulque sum promptam ejus erga Amplissimos, prudentissimosque Noricorum Dominos voluntatem. Nominavi illi alios, D. Wesembecium primarium Wittembergensem & Pandectarum Professorem Erfordiæ, deinde Isacum Casaubonum Græcæ linguæ Professorem Genevensem. Hæc universitatis nomine inter Clarissimum & Amplissimum virum Dominum Bennerum & me acta sunt. Mitto tibi corpus juris in folio Gothofredi. 6 ́ fl. & Hotomannum de re nummaria 7 ́ batz. solvi Wechelo 8. flor. summa 15. fl. quos mihi numeravit vidua D. Donelli. Tres fl. nondum a Cassiodoro accepi; sed quam primum solverit, reddam viduæ; hodie ipsum adibo. Doleo profecto Clarissimum Gothofredum Argentinæ detineri, nam scio consuetudinem illius tibi jucundam futuram fuisse, famam & eruditionis & probitatis Academiæ utilem. Brevior nunc esse cogor, propter meam ab hac urbe profectionem, nam Argentinam excurro, inde intra paucos dies huc rediturus. Interea rogo, ut me inter tuos habeas tui amantissimum. Vale Clarissime Gentilis & meis verbis, ni grave sit, meum popularem Dominum Camerlinum saluta; cujus pecuniam ex mandatu Donellinæ viduæ ab mercatore accepi, ac viduæ tradidi. Iterum vale. Francofurti. XXVII. Martii. C13 I3 xcI I. EPI-
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Letters of Men. 367 It is reported that the King has occupied the Monastery, in which he is safe from the garrison of the city fortress, and from there he is pressing it hard, battering it with heavier machines. Concerning Parma there is various rumor: some say that he has returned sick to the Spadan springs; others say that he has now entered Paris and has avenged the death of Brisson and of others who were killed in the popular uprising. The Lorrainers, driven from the town of Stenay by the Viscount, after 1,400 soldiers had been slain, brought the nine pieces of artillery captured from the enemy to Sedan. These are the matters, dearest and most friendly Gentilis, that I have been able to answer in reply to your later letters. Continue to love us, your most devoted friends, and live and fare well, long and happily. At Frankfurt on the Main. 26 December 1591. Letter XXXIV. To Scipio Gentilis. S.D. Petrus Brderodius. Altorf. What has been done in the business of the most distinguished Gothofred with the most eminent Lord Benner, I would discuss at length with you now, but the state of the time does not allow it; this is the substance of the matter: I scarcely hope that D. Gothofred will come to you again; for shortly before the Strasbourg fair he has been bound by a new tie of benefits so that he cannot easily be drawn away from there. He waited a full quarter of a year for something definite to be settled in that matter; but when he saw the business being advanced more slowly, he embraced the present rather than the uncertain. Meanwhile, on behalf of the most eminent Lord Benner I gave thanks for his words, and testified to his ready goodwill toward the most eminent and prudent lords of the Noricans. I mentioned to him others: D. Wesembecius, chief professor at Wittenberg and professor of the Pandects at Erfurt, then Isaac Casaubon, professor of the Greek language at Geneva. These matters were transacted in the name of the university between the most distinguished and most eminent Lord Benner and myself. I am sending you Gothofred’s Corpus Juris in folio. I paid 6 florins, and for Hotoman’s De re nummaria 7 batz. I paid Wechelo 8 florins, total 15 florins, which the widow of D. Donellus paid me in cash. I have not yet received the 3 florins from Cassiodorus; but as soon as he pays, I shall return them to the widow; today I shall visit him myself. I am indeed sorry that the most distinguished Gothofred is being kept at Strasbourg, for I know that his company would have been pleasant to you, and that his reputation for both learning and integrity would be useful to the Academy. I am now obliged to be brief because of my departure from this city, for I am making a trip to Strasbourg, and from there I shall return here within a few days. Meanwhile I ask that you count me among your own, most devoted to you. Farewell, most distinguished Gentilis, and, if it is not troublesome, greet my countryman Lord Camerlinus for me; I received his money from the merchant by order of Donell’s widow, and handed it over to the widow. Farewell again. At Frankfurt. 27 March 1592. EPI-
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368 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA XXXV. SCIPIONI GENTILI. SD. Petrus Brederodius. Alterfium. Iteras tuas, amicissime Gentilis, superiore angario recepi, sed temporis brevitate exclusus nihil tum iis rescribere mihi licuit: interea fidelitatem tuum in tuo do communi amico eidem multis commendavi. Hodie ejusdem mihi literæ redditæ sunt, quibus significat proxima occasione Argentina se tibi pluribus verbis scripturum. Nescio an recte capiam statum quæstionis: illene minoribus solum beneficium illud prætorium, quo illæ si serventur, competere dicit? hoc argumento solo videor mihi probare posse in eadem læsione duo simul remedia parata esse, Restitutionem in integrum & condcitionem indebiti L.27. O 57. 1. pr. ff. de cond. indeb. 25. ff. de minoribus, pluribus aliis legibus si errem in statu, mone, & retrahe errantem. Quod ad Neoburgum attinet, en mitto tibi illius literas & ad Ampliss Senatum Academicum & ad te, quæso ut patrocinium ejus negotii in te recipias. Vides facile illum duplici causa intricari, violatione arresti & debitorum mole; de priore si peccaverit, veniam precatur; in posteriore paratus est solvere, modo illi competens dilatio sub cautione juratoria de solvendo concedatur, nam ut hoc beneficium illi, qui immobilia multa & magna ure dominii possideat, impartatur, juri consentaneum est; quæso itaque ut in utroque, quantum per te fieri poterit, illi faveas, & sica ingenii tui illum defendas Omnia hic tranquilla & in alto silentio sunt. Exspectamus eventum conventus & actionum Argoratensium. Speratur pax. Cuperem per te meo nomine plurimum salutari Clarissimum & Consultissimum Virum D.D. Wesembecium, cæterosque doctissimos & excellentissimos Viros Dominos Professores Dominos & amicos meos plurimum honorandos. Tuque carissimum caputdiu vive & vale memor tui Brederodii. Basileæ. Kal. Februari. C1513XCIII. EPISTOLA XXXVI. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Petrus Brederodius. Alterfium. Posterioribus meis ad te, clarissime & consultissime vir Domine & amice honorande, quibus tibi conjugium tuum, licet fortassis tardiuscule, felix faustumque comprecabar, literæ mihi a Nobiliss[im]is magnificisque DD. Curatoribus universitatis Lugdunensis in Batavia scriptæ fuerunt, quibus rogor, ut ipsis consilio & ope adesse velim, quo primo quoquo tempore eos de Magni nominis Jurisconsulto, qui in supradicta universitate operam suam primariæ professioni sustinendæ addicere vellet, certiores reddere non gravarer. Scis consultissime Domine, quid super hac re coram atque etiam per literas an- te-
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368 MOST FAMOUS AND LEARNED. LETTER XXXV. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. Greetings. Petrus Brederodius. Alterfium. I received your letters, most friendly Gentilis, by the previous courier, but being pressed for time I was then able to write nothing in reply. In the meantime I commended your fidelity to our common friend, the same one, many times. Today I have received his letter, in which he says that on the next occasion from Strasbourg he will write to you at greater length. I do not know whether I understand the status of the question correctly: does he say that that praetorian remedy belongs only to minors, by which they may, if they are preserved, be aided? By this argument alone I seem to myself able to prove that in the same injury two remedies are prepared at once, the restitution in integrum and the condcition of the undue payment, L. 27. O 57. 1. pr. ff. de cond. indeb. 25. ff. de minoribus. If I err in the arrangement, warn me and draw back the one who is mistaken, by many other laws. As for Neoburg, here I send you his letters both to the Most Illustrious Academic Senate and to you; I ask that you take up the patronage of his business. You see that he is easily entangled by a double cause, the violation of the arrest and the burden of debts; as to the former, if he has offended, he begs pardon; as to the latter, he is ready to pay, provided that a suitable delay, under juratory security for payment, be granted to him, for that this favor should be granted to one who possesses many and large immovable properties under the right of lordship is agreeable to law. I therefore ask that in both matters, as far as it may be possible through you, you favor him, and with the sword of your intellect defend him. All things here are tranquil and in profound silence. We await the outcome of the meeting and the actions at Augsburg. Peace is hoped for. I should like, through you, to be most warmly greeted in my name, the most distinguished and most learned man, D.D. Wesembeck, and the other most learned and excellent men, the Lords Professors, Lords, and my friends, whom I greatly honor. And you, dearest head, live long and farewell, remembering Brederodius. Basel. The Kalends of February. 1513XCIII. LETTER XXXVI. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. Greetings. Petrus Brederodius. Alterfium. In my later letters to you, most distinguished and most learned lord and honored friend, in which I wished you happiness and good fortune in your marriage, though perhaps somewhat late, letters were written to me by the most noble and magnificent lords, the Curators of the University of Leiden in Holland, in which I am asked that I would be willing to assist them with counsel and help, so that at the earliest possible time I might not hesitate to inform them about a Jurisconsult of great name, who would wish to devote his services to that aforementioned university in support of the primary professorship. Most learned lord, you know what, on this matter, both in person and also by letters, be-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 369 te hac rerum egerim; Fidem tibi meam & animi erga te sinceritatem ulterius probandam esse putavi. Ad hoc enim vetus nostra amicitia, & quæ nuperri- me a te honorifica gratissimaque cum antiquis amicis meis affinitas inita est, me obstringunt. De conditionum bonitate nihil mihi fas est dicere, antequam sciam, an tibi inde, ubi nunc es, discedere per pacta conventa liceat: deinde an etiam inde abire, & in Bataviam tuam familiam transferre animus tibi sit. Dispice itaque si placet tecum, cum lectissima tua, & honoratissimis socero & socru tuis, quid vobis facere consultum fuerit, meque quam primum fieri po- terit, libere de animi tui sententia certiorem reddas. Non enim a me stabit quo minus meliore, splendidiore, & longe gratiore loco constituaris. Vo- luntatem itaque tuam mihi ut primum commodum erit, significabis; de qua ubi curatores ipsi per me certiores facti fuerint, mox citra ullam moram inenteum suam ulterius aperient, de qua deinde vel per literas, vel coram tecum agam, sic ut me velut tibi amicissimum, utilitati tuæ promovendæ deditissimum esse, agnoscere possis. Eadem opera etiam ad anteriores meas responsum exspecto, ut sciam, an omnia tibi in hoc novo vitæ genere ex animi sententia successerint. Quod etsi omnino confido, nihilominus tamen per te de eo certior fieri cupio. Aliunde haud dubie intellexisti, quod Aula hæc Palatina, imo Respublica Christiana Hippolitum de Collibus, virum incomparabilem amiserit. Quanto dolore omnes bonos ejus obitus assecerit, verbis vix exprimi potest. Sed pa- rendum est mortalibus omnibus, ubi summus ille vitæ moderator imperat. Nunc pluribus tecum non agam, vir Præstantissime, quam ut, sicut & conjunx mea, Deum rogemus, ut te tuumque corculum diu lætos, concordes & in- columes servet. Heydelbergæ. XXI. Februarii. CICIC XII. EPISTOLA XXXVII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S. D. Petrus Brederodius. Æternum. Hæremus incerti, Vir Clarissime & consultissime Domine & amice plurimum colende, quid tandem literæ illustrissimi Principis Mauricii & Illustrium Dominorum Ordinum Hollandiæ apud amplissimum & Nobilissimum Senatum Noribergensem, pro tua dimissione essecerint. Rogaveram te per Nobilem & honoratissimum socerum tuum, ut nos quam primum de successu illius negotii certiores reddere non gravareris, quod mora ulterior universitatis Lugdunensis uti- litati plurimum obesset. Nihil interea hactenus abs te literarum ad me relatum. Fa- cile, ut mihi quidem videtur, tibi fuerit, vel verbulo nobis indicare, an spes aliqua adfulgeat veniæ a Senatu vestro impetrandæ: nam id pro ea qua es sin- gulari prudentia & perspicacitate conjicere potes; etiamsi id nullo Senatus de- creto fuerit constitutum. Eximas itaque nobis, si nondum abs te factum, hanc negotii hujus incertitudinem, & vel de venia tibi concessa, quod utique optamus & speramus, nos illico certiores rede: vel si aliter res se habet, noli nos A a a
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LETTERS OF MEN. 369 In this matter I have done what I have done with regard to you; I thought that my fidelity to you and the sincerity of my regard for you ought to be further proved. For to this end our old friendship, and the relationship so recently and honorably and gratefully entered into with my old friends, binds me. I am not at liberty to say anything about the goodness of the terms before I know whether, from the place where you now are, you are permitted by the agreement made to depart; and then whether you also intend to leave there and transfer your family to your Batavia. Consider therefore, if you please, with your dearest wife and your most honorable father-in-law and mother-in-law, what course it would be best for you to take, and inform me as soon as possible of your intention freely and clearly. For it will not depend on me that you are not placed in a better, more splendid, and far more advantageous position. Therefore you will signify to me your wish as soon as it will be convenient; and when the managers themselves shall have been informed of it through me, they will soon, without any delay, disclose their own intentions further, concerning which I shall then deal with you either by letter or in person, so that you may recognize me as one most friendly to you and devoted to promoting your advantage. At the same time I also await a reply to my former letters, so that I may know whether everything has turned out to your satisfaction in this new mode of life. And although I am altogether confident of this, nevertheless I desire to be informed of it through you. From elsewhere you have no doubt learned that this Palatine Court, indeed the Christian Commonwealth itself, has lost Hippolytus de Collibus, a man incomparable. With what grief all good men were affected by his death can scarcely be expressed in words. But mortal men must obey when that highest ruler of life commands. I shall not speak further with you now, most distinguished sir, except that, as also my wife, we pray God to preserve you and your dear little one long in happiness, harmony, and safety. Heidelberg, 21 February, 1612. LETTER XXXVII. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. Greeting. Petrus Brederodius. Forever. We are uncertain, most illustrious and wise lord and much-to-be-honored friend, what at last the letters of the most illustrious Prince Maurice and of the Most Noble Lords States of Holland to the most eminent and noble Senate of Nuremberg have accomplished in your release. I had asked you, through your noble and most honored father-in-law, not to trouble yourself to inform us as soon as possible of the outcome of that business, since any further delay would be greatly harmful to the welfare of the University of Leiden. Meanwhile nothing has so far been reported to me in letters from you. It would easily, as it seems to me, have been possible for you, even with a single word, to let us know whether any hope is to be offered of obtaining leave from your Senate; for you can infer that from your singular prudence and insight, even if it has not been established by any decree of the Senate. Therefore remove for us, if this has not yet been done by you, this uncertainty about the matter, and either at once inform us that leave has been granted to you, which we certainly desire and hope for, or, if the matter stands otherwise, do not let us… A a a
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370 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. nos ulterius suspensos tenere; uti enim non ultimus mihi in hac recuranda finis fuit commodi & honoris tui amplificatio: ita invicem abs te, vir Clarissime, tuaque humanitate mutuo mihi semper pollicitus sum, te omnem lapidem moturum, ut exspectationi de te apud nostros susceptæ facere possis satis. Quod si inclyti vestri Senatus vel vetera, vel etiam nova in te collata beneficia, id non ferant, id ut literis tuis significare prima quaque die non graveris etiam atque etiam abs te peto. Deus te, Vir Clarissime, diu cum lectissima conjugue & filiola dulcissima incolumem servet. Heidelberge. 17/27 Octob. 1313 XIII. Vir quidam præclarus, qui in Gallia operam dat excudendis literis Scaligerianis, me iterum atque iterum rogavit, ut eas quas Rittershusius piæ memoriæ aliquando promisit, ab hæredibus impetremus, rogo te vir Clarissime ut hac in te operam tuam interponere non graveris. EPISTOLA XXXVIII. AD SCIP. GENTILEM. J. C. Die XIII. Decemb. Juliani. Anno 1313 XCIV. Æ Milia Æmilium peperit mihi. Plande Melisso, Lataque natali concipe vota die. jamque novum Patris ex tabulis ordire vetustis In subolem durans foedus amiciss[im]a. Sic tibi se Genius felicibus inserat astris, Ingenio faveat Pallas amica tuo. Sic tibi perpetuo fons Aonia Aganippes Suavidicum in carmen, Scipio clare, flum. Fallor; an ex animo totoque ex pectore jam nunc Diligis ut Paulum, diligis Æmilium? PAULUS MELISSUS FRANC. Ne perirent versiculi in calce epistolæ positi, sic eos statuminare placuit, ut meliores abs te elicerem. EPISTOLA XXXIX. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S. D. Paulus Melissus. Altorsum. T Anta molis erat Latiare extrudere carmen A Gentile meo. Quid si cessassem? nihil utique impetrassem. Itane extorquendi fuere versiculi pauculi? Ecce jam Musæ furcillis arreptis, ob stomachum meum, refractario minitabantur præcipitem ejectionem ex montis Pimplæi adyto: ac fecissent sane, nisi manus earum a me fuissent cohibitæ, parcendum rato teneritudini tæ delicatissimæ; tractari aventi, quam medullula anserina, eo mitius, eo mol-
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370 MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND LEARNED. to keep us further in suspense; for just as the final aim of my undertaking in this matter was not anything other than the enlargement of your convenience and honor, so in turn I have always promised myself from you, most illustrious sir, and from your kindness, that you would leave no stone unturned, so that you may be able to satisfy the expectation that among our people has been placed upon you. And if your illustrious Senate should not allow either the old, or even the new benefits conferred upon you, I beg you most earnestly that you do not hesitate to signify this in your letters at the very first opportunity, again and again. May God preserve you, most illustrious sir, for a long time in safety together with your most excellent wife and your most sweet little daughter. Heidelberg, 17/27 October 1313, XIII. A certain distinguished man, who in France is occupied in printing the Scaligerian letters, has asked me again and again that we should obtain from the heirs those which Rittershusius of pious memory once promised; I ask you, most illustrious sir, not to hesitate to lend your help in this matter. EPISTLE XXXVIII. TO SCIPIO GENTILE, J.C. On the 13th day of December, Julian style. In the year 1313 XCIV. Æmilia bore me Æmilius. Clap to Melissus, And on your birthday day conceive broad wishes. And now from the old tablets of his father begin a new bond that endures into offspring, most friendly one. Thus may your Genius join itself to fortunate stars for you, and may kindly Pallas favor your talent. Thus may the Aonian spring of Aganippe for you always flow into sweet-sounding song, illustrious Scipio. Am I mistaken; or do you now already love Paul in your whole heart and with your whole breast, as you love Aemilius? PAULUS MELISSUS FRANCONIAN. So that the little verses placed at the end of the letter might not perish, I thought it best to set them in this way, in order that I might draw better ones from you. EPISTLE XXXIX. TO SCIPIO GENTILE. GREETING. Paulus Melissus. Further on. So great a task it was to thrust a Latin poem from my Gentile. What if I had ceased? I should certainly have achieved nothing. Were a few verses really to be wrested out in this way? Look, now the Muses, with pitchforks in hand, were threatening, in anger at me, a headlong expulsion from the sanctuary of Pimplean Mount: and indeed they would have done it, had not their hands been restrained by me, judging that the delicacy of such tenderness should be spared, to be handled, as it wished, more gently than goose marrow, more softl...
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 37 mollius. Sed jam beneres habet. Domus Davidica nec janua nec tecto caret. Architecto gratias habendum agendumque. De quo antea ad te scripseram, abitionem ita celante & locum, ut nemo quicquam fere resciscere potuerit, is supellectile & liberis subito amandatis, postea sese (nam cautio illi præstanda fuerat ob litem pendentem) clam subduxit, Spiræque tantisper hæsit, donec & uxorem anteluno tempore eo ex loco, ubi hactenus maxime invisus fuit, reda accitam submovisset, magna & splendida minantem de opiparo & exquisito, quod vir suus ante abitum præbiturus esset, convivio. Ita clusere hiantes corvos. Inter quos vel me vel Freherum ne numeres cave. Olores sumus, si tu Cycnus es, ut te esse opinamur; imo credimus. At evasit, erupit ille, creditoribus per totum oppidum debitorem inclamantibus, stomachantibus, atque nationem ipsam totam insectantibus. Der welich Schelin ist auch ausgerissen/ wi schessen leder. Ita indignantes loquuntur. nosti autem tuteinet; quam vulgus istud oppidanum libere, quicquid in buccam venit, effutire soleat. Nolim mihi fraudi sit, quod hæc tam aperte ad te perscribam more meo. Dolebis, sat scio, homini tibi amicissimo injuriam talem fieri, qui te pro amore libenter devorasset, ut cuculus currucam. Sparlerant rumorem ante fugam fore, ut manerent in oppido usque ad nundinas Francofortenses. Nunc quidam prætexunt amicum illum tuum rursus adfore circa illud tempus. Sed non ego credulus ollis. Sedanum ire & redire, non deambulandi sit gratia. Sumptibus parci potest. At homo liberalissimus omnem in loco pecuniam negligere didicit: cujus omnia proverbia & adagia, omnes provinciæ, tantummodo de auro, argento, collybo, usura, usufructu & hoc genus aliis, parietes & aures feriunt. Propempticon illi adornes suadeo: nam is jam pridem te carmina poposcit. Nunc ego mihi demum vivere videor, trabe ista ruinosa a cervicibus nostris remota. Neminem profecto adhuc ex Academicis omnibus audivi, qui non apprime gaudeat, umbram illius non amplius turbare solem. Muse tamen tuæ illum usque ad Mosam persequentur, nec interquiescent, donec Sedanum appulerint, ubi & Moses Quadratus Professorem agit Physices. Beati colles, beatæ valles, quibustui audientur cantus! Beatioribus tamen esse nostris liceto, in quibus haruspices de extis cadaveris vivi hariolentur. Sed jam fulgurat & tonat Juppiter. Serva, bona est, si a læva. Tu dextere hæc omnia interpretare, & non sinistre. Iterum paginam verto: tu poculum ut absenti propines, in Mediolani confinibus hac ipsa hora, ut autumo peregrinanti, vertito, & cottabum facito. Id pietas hominis virtusque antiqua meretur Ficetinum atavis orta ab Onocrotalis Vide quæso Attius an Pacuvius hujus se distichi auctorem profiteatur. Fragmenta veterum Poetarum non sunt ad manum. Et tabellarius scripturientem interpellat: tu si bonum tibi nuncium fero, mihi applaude & vale. Dat. die XXI. sextilis. A a a 2 EPI-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 37 more gently. But now he has good things. The house of David lacks neither door nor roof. Thanks must be rendered to the architect. Concerning whom I had written to you before, so hiding his departure and place that scarcely anyone could find out anything about it, he, after his furniture and children had suddenly been sent away, later slipped off secretly himself (for bail had to be given him on account of a pending lawsuit), and then stayed for a while at Speyer, until he had also removed his wife beforehand from that place where up to now he had been most disliked, having summoned her thither; she threatening a great and splendid banquet of rich and exquisite fare, which her husband would provide before his departure. Thus they shut the gaping crows out. Among whom do not count either me or Freher, beware. We are swans, if you are a swan, as we think you are; indeed, we believe it. But he has escaped, he has burst forth, while the creditors were shouting through the whole town that the debtor had fled, raging, and attacking the whole nation itself. “The wicked Schelin has also run away, by God.” Thus they speak in their indignation. But you know very well yourself how that town rabble is accustomed to blurt out freely whatever comes to its mouth. I should not wish it to be harmful to me that I write all this to you so openly, in my usual way. You will grieve, I know well enough, that such an injury has been done to a man most dear to you, who would gladly have devoured you for love, like the cuckoo the hen. It was whispered beforehand that before his flight he would remain in the town until the Frankfurt fair. Now some pretend that that friend of yours will be back again about that time. But I am not credulous of them. To go to Sedan and back is not for the sake of walking about. Expenses may be saved. But that most generous man has learned to neglect money in any place: all his sayings and proverbs, all his talk, concern nothing but gold, silver, discount, usury, usufruct, and such like things, striking walls and ears. I advise you to prepare a propempticon for him: for he has long since asked you for verses. Now for the first time I seem to myself to be living, that ruinous beam having been removed from our necks. I have certainly not yet heard from any of all the academics who does not greatly rejoice that his shadow no longer disturbs the sun. Yet your Muses will follow him all the way to the Meuse, and will not rest until they have reached Sedan, where Moses Quadratus is serving as Professor of Physics. Happy the hills, happy the valleys, where your songs will be heard! Happier still may ours be, in which soothsayers divine from the entrails of a living corpse. But now Jupiter flashes and thunders. Guard it; it is good if on the left. Interpret all this on the right side, and not perversely. I turn the page again: do you, as to one absent, offer the cup in my place, at this very hour, as I think, while traveling in the confines of Milan, and make the cottabus. The piety and ancient virtue of this man deserve it. Ficetinus, sprung from ancestors descended from Onocrotalus. See, I pray you, whether Attius or Pacuvius claims to be the author of this distich. The fragments of the ancient poets are not at hand. And the messenger interrupts me while I am writing: if I bring you good news now, applaud me and farewell. Given the 21st day of Sextilis. A a a 2 EPI-
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. EPISTOLA XL. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Paulus Melissus Callidromus. Altorsum. TUne unus & unicus omnes nos ac singulos silentii alligas, Gentilis mussitabunde? tibine soli datum garrire eloquenter & diserte? tuane vox tanti ut Ficetinos ejicere urbe valeat? nostra contra ne hilum quidem? si nescis, canes hirrire incipient; nam fastidiunt sicorum: canes inquam causicrepi; rabulas ne dixeris, suadeo. Cynice loqui videmur, quando Cratippum exuimus. Tu vocem nunc ferream adsume, ut codicillos ulciscaris. Audin' Catullum ad fores stantem? Vibii præsentia nos hoc mense Aprili exhilaravit, curiæ præfecti. quid vis ulterius? planius ne planus quidem. Lingo tibi favet & Girlandus. Comensis ad finem nondum sua: nam primum ille ex nundinis eleutheriis; quæ te valde exspectabant, ut Moenadas tecum adduceres, vel potius Eumenidas. præfiscine addant amici, ne vel tibi vel ipsimet noxint, cum furere occæperint scævæ fortassis bonum ob'itus. A te Paphlagonia credo ita te a versibus scribendis deterruit, ut ne sodales quidem iis digneris. Pax: prænuncio tamen tibi maturandum citius esse pro A piano Epithalamion, quam pro Haruspice nostro, qui Fabio nuper nomen dedit. cunctatur enim & sua differt in annuum gaudia. Serio itaque Rosina nomen intexe, & mel ex alvearibus deprome, quantum libuerit. Bene vale, & nos ama, qui te supra amores. Iterum vale. Dat. pridie Calend Maji. Ao. CICID XLIII. Epo in nupt. Rittershusii. Spirantque etesia flabra. Corrigendum: nam Etesia primam habet correptam, aquilonia voluisti dicere Etesiæ autem flant certo anni tempore post caniculæ exortum. Itaque hic non locum habent amice & candidemoneo. EPISTOLA XLI. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Petrus Wesembecius. Altorsum. Salus, mi Cl. Gentilis, cum benedictione anni serius ineuntis. Paulo sante allatas cum Rittershusii tuas, accepi exempla Pii vestri sexaginta quinque sine literis. Omnino autem habeo persuasum fasciculum non a typographo, sed a vobis missum: quo magis gratias aliquoties jam viva voce actas, hac nunc epistola repeto, vobisque ago immortales pro tanto honore & tam illustri testificatione conjunctionis amicitiæque nostræ, quæ ad summam pervenerunt benevolentiam, & cujus testis locupletissimus etiam ad posteritatem illud scriptum vestrum esse poterit. Curavi per D. Strasburgum a typographo peti plura exempla oblato pretio, sed nulla potui nancisci amplius, causante typographo omnia a se ad vos transmissa. Cum autem huc a fide dignis nunciatum sit, passim in Misnia & terris Electoris & Ducum Saxoniae: dici, ac cupide
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Most clear and most learned. EPISTLE XL. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. S.D. Paulus Melissus Callidromus. Altorsum. Do you alone, and you alone, bind us all and each of us to silence, murmuring Gentilis? Are you alone given to speak fluently and eloquently? Is your voice such that it can drive the Ficetini from the city? and ours, on the contrary, not even worth a trifle? If you do not know it, the dogs will begin to snarl; for they despise the sicori: dogs, I say, those barking lawyers; I advise you not to call them pettifoggers. We seem to speak cynically when we put off Cratippus. Now put on a voice of iron, so that you may avenge the little billets. Do you hear Catullus standing at the door? The presence of Vibius has cheered us this month of April, prefect of the curia. What more do you want? clearer than this, not even plain itself. Lingo favors you, and Girlandus. Comensis is not yet at the end of his own matter: for first he came from the Eleutherian fairs, which were eagerly expecting you, that you might bring the Maenads with you, or rather the Eumenides. May the friends, by heaven, add this, that they may harm neither you nor themselves, when they begin to rave, perhaps to the good end of a wicked man. Paphlagonia, I believe, has so turned you away from writing verses that you do not even deem your companions worthy of them. Peace: yet I forewarn you that you must make haste sooner for the Epithalamion of A. Piano than for our Haruspex, who has lately given his name to Fabio. For he delays and postpones his own joys to a year hence. Therefore weave Rosina's name in in earnest, and draw honey from the hives as much as you please. Farewell well, and love us, who love you above all loves. Farewell again. Given the day before the Kalends of May, in the year 1643, on the nuptials of Rittershusius. And the Etesian breezes are blowing. Correction: for Etesia has the first syllable shortened; you meant to write aquilonia. But the Etesian winds blow at a certain season of the year after the rising of the Dog Star. Therefore, my friend and candid admonisher, this does not apply here. EPISTLE XLI. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. S.D. Petrus Wesembecius. Altorsum. Health, my most distinguished Gentilis, with the blessing of a year entering somewhat late. When your letters, sent along with Rittershusius's, arrived, I received the sixty-five copies of your Pius without the letters. But I am fully persuaded that the packet was sent not by the printer, but by you: wherefore I now repeat in this letter the thanks already often given orally, and I give you immortal thanks for so great an honor and so splendid a testimony of our union and friendship, which have reached the height of good will, and of which that writing of yours may also be a most ample witness to posterity. Through D. Strasburg I arranged for more copies to be asked from the printer at a offered price, but I could not obtain any more, the printer stating that all had been sent by him to you. And now it has been reported here by trustworthy men, that everywhere in Misnia and in the lands of the Elector and the Dukes of Saxony: it is said, and eagerly
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ 373 cupide credi, me ob causam religionis ab Amplissimo Senatu, & Academia vestra dimissum, & tantum non ejectum, peropportuna fortasse fuerit talis calumnia vel nugamenti refellendi ratio, si scriptum vel libellus ille vester recusus amplius cum amicis communicetur. Publice certe expedire, & non tam mea quam patrum & Reipub. Noricæ laudatissimæ interesse videtur, ne tale mendacium radices agat. Si Kaustmannus nolit officium facere, significate mihi. Curabo ut hic vel alibi prælo subjiciatur denuo. Rittershusium ex gravissimo morbo jam recreatum spero, in eam enim spem & lubens ac sponte propendeo, & cum tuæ, tum ipsius ex lectulo doloris datæ litera me erexerunt. Sed audi de Pacio, si forte ita plene & clare nondum accepistis: spectatæ fidei vir nobis expoluit, ab Electore Illustrissimo hominem sæpius evocatum præmiis luculentis, paratumque illum culinam sequi unctiorem; cum Nemausenses arresto ipsum ibi detinuere, & jam tunc, hoc est, Novembri mense legatum Heidelbergæ adfuisse ab iisdem ad principem cum literis a Rege Galliarum, qui Nemausensium nomine intercederet, illic relinquatur. Et hunc quidem inter alia narrasse miseram suam civitatem impendisse in illum ultra coronatorum quatuor millia. Relator sive auctor meus addebat, quid eventurum esset sibi non constare, plerosque tamen precari Heidelbergæ, ut legatus voti fiat compos. Sic mi Humanissime Gentilis hoc quoque exemplo docemur nimis verum esse illud vulgatum: Mundus vult decipi Ad meam hic conditionem &c rerum statum quod attinet, non habeo profecto vel quod quærar, vel cur me jactem aut esseram, quanquam interdum non omitto ingemilcere adeoque indignari, unquam mihi datam ansam ad cogitandum de Academia vestra, & muneribus, quibus istic tenebar, abdicandis; neque potest non illa cunctante dormitanteque vestrorum sapientia, quæ me impulit tandem ut exequerer, feriri animus meus: cum vestri desiderium an temporis longinquitas mitigatura sit, valde dubito, memoriam profecto nulla delebit oblivio. D. Rittershusio, tuo hospiti, ejusque Iunoni cæterisque Collegis tuis omnibus salutem opto cum anno prospero. Eandem etiam tibi ac illis omnibus & singulis adscribit uxor mea liberique. Dno. Baroni, Rectori Magnifico scripsi sub finem anni elapsi, quas literas puto recte redditas, nihilominus eum verbis meis reverenter salutabis cum opportunum erit. Vale & salve. Coburgi. VI. Ianuarii. Anno CIC IC XCIX. EPISTOLA XLII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Ioannes Caselius. Altorfium. NObilissime & doctissime Dn. Scipio Gentilis, amice plurimum colende. Et alia a te elaborata legi, non absque fructu, & proxime perlibenter versus pauculos, quos ex Oppiano divinitus convertisti subjectos exequiis Cl Bersmanni filii, cujus obitus magno mihi quoque dolori est. namque & illum Aaa 3
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ 373 that it may be readily believed that I was dismissed, and indeed almost expelled, by the Most Excellent Senate and your Academy on account of religion, perhaps such a calumny, or rather trifle, could be most appropriately refuted if that writing or pamphlet of yours were once more communicated to friends. Certainly it seems expedient publicly, and to concern not so much my own interests as those of the fathers and of the highly praised Noric Republic, that such a lie should not take root. If Kaustmann does not wish to do his duty, let me know. I shall take care that it be again submitted to the press here or elsewhere. I hope that Rittershusius has now recovered from a most serious illness; for I incline gladly and willingly to that hope, and both your letter and his, written from the bed of pain, lifted me up. But hear about Pacius, if perhaps you have not yet received the matter so fully and clearly: a man of proven fidelity, he polished for us, being often summoned by the Most Illustrious Elector with splendid rewards and ready to follow a richer kitchen; but the men of Nîmes detained him there by arrest, and even then, that is, in the month of November, the legate was reported to have been present at Heidelberg from them with letters from the King of France, that he might be left there to intercede on behalf of the people of Nîmes. And he himself, among other things, related that his miserable city had spent on him more than four thousand crowns. My informant, or source, added that it was not certain what would happen to him, though most at Heidelberg were praying that the legate might attain his wish. Thus, my most humane Gentilis, we are taught by this example too that that common saying is all too true: The world wants to be deceived. As for my own condition here and the state of affairs, I certainly have no reason either to complain or to boast or vaunt myself, though sometimes I do not refrain from groaning and even from being indignant that I was ever given cause to think of laying aside your Academy and the duties by which I was held there; nor can my mind fail to be struck by that wavering and sleeping wisdom of yours, which finally impelled me to carry matters through. Whether longing for you will be softened by the distance of time, I greatly doubt; no forgetfulness, indeed, will erase the memory. I wish health and a prosperous year to D. Rittershusius, your host, his Juno, and all your other colleagues. My wife and children also send the same wish to you and to them all, each and every one. I wrote to the Lord Baron, the most distinguished Rector, at the end of the past year; I think those letters were duly delivered; nevertheless, when the opportunity arises, you will respectfully greet him in my words. Farewell and be well. At Coburg, 6 January, in the year 1699. EPISTLE XLII. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. Greetings. Ioannes Caselius. Altorf. Most noble and most learned Sir Scipio Gentilis, my dearest friend. I have read other works of yours too, not without profit, and recently, with great pleasure, the few verses which you translated from Oppian and placed beneath the funeral rites of the son of Cl. Bersmann, whose death is also a great grief to me. For him too Aaa 3
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. illum noveram, & cum patre in hac vicinia singularem amicitiam colo, cujus initium fecimus, cum olim ad ipsum hospes Lipsiam venissem. Verum ad te redeo, de cujus etiam animi integritate mihi constat e sermonibus amicorum. Hienimte, quæ sincera sunt, & ipsum facere, & in aliis admirari, uno ore affirmant, qui sic non sint, iis te amicum non esse. Nec sane mancipia sive opinionum sive honorum, sive pecuniæ sive quarumcunque cupiditatum, vir bonus amet, blandiusve demulceat. Nihil autem non fieri putabis, si cum te ista doctrina & virtute magni faciam, brevi quoque epistola compellem. Cujus scribendæ hæc est occasio, quod hic adolescens Iacobus Wachsmut Hallensis, quasi ex ædibus meis ad vos iter instituit. Digressus enim in patriam, salutatis parentibus, id ipsum suscipiet. Eum etiam non multis verbis & tibi, & collegis tuis, quos istic amicos habeo, commendo: nihil petens aliud, nisi quæ hospitibus, literarum cultoribus, ultro præstamus. Idcirco autem sum & esse debeo brevior. Vale Helmstadii ex Academia Julia. xli. Kal. sextil. An. CICIDCI. EPISTOLA XLIII. SCIPIONI GENTILI. S.D. Philippus Camerarius. Altorsum. Clarissime vir, Domine & amice observande. Mirifice me perturbavit improvisus & quidem acutus atque periculosus morbus Dn. Rittershusii nostri. Quemadmodum enim is verum ornamentum Academiæ nostræ dici potest, ita & eum amittere, talis jactura esset, quæ non facile resarciri posset, cum præsertim nostrum collegium ob discessum D. Wesenbecii, amplius integrum non sit. Equidem D. Rittershusio nostro opto vitam prosperam, utque sit longavus: & non dubito, quin vestra vota omniumque bonorum nostris correspondéant. Recreavit me aliquantulum fratris mei filius Joachimus, qui ægrotantem invisit, & deprehendit nonnulla signa, quæ illum bene sperare jubent, amicum nostrum meliuscule habiturum. Utinam ita sit. Ideoque ipsi is incolumitatem Deo commendemus, is curabit quæ optima erunt. A tua autem præstantia peto, ut D. Rittershusium, oblata occasione, si non molestum est, moneas, ne gravetur mihi significare, quid fiat de libello Arhythmologico, opera parentis mei jam pridem edito, & de ejus additionibus, quas ipse collegi, quæ omnia a superiori æstate, a filio meo, ad ipsum missa sunt: pergratum enim esset, ut si morbus illi non esset molestus, mihi suam significaret sententiam, vel si commode id fieri non posset; mihi tam edita quam scripta remitteret. sin diutius servare cuperet, ut saltem curaret, no in alterius manus pervenirent. Tua igitur præstantia curabit hæc; sicut petii, ita tamen ne alicui molestia aliqua inde eveniat. Literas quoque inclusas in ædes D. Taurelli mitti curabit. Mea opera T. P. vicissim in majoribus erit parata. Vale & saluta Generosum D. Doctorem meo nomine officiose, nec non & reliquos collegas tuos. Raptim. xxiii. Novembr. Inter multiplices occupationes. EPI-
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Most learned and distinguished. I knew him, and with his father in this neighborhood I cultivate a special friendship, the beginning of which we made when I once came to him as a guest at Leipzig. But I return to you, concerning whose integrity of character I am also assured from the conversations of friends. They all affirm with one voice that you delight in what is sincere, and that you both practice it yourself and admire it in others; and that you are not a friend to those who do not do likewise. Nor indeed should a good man love, or flatter too gently, those who are slaves either to opinions or to honors, or to money, or to any desires whatsoever. But you will think that nothing is impossible, if, while I esteem you highly for this learning and virtue, I also address you in a brief letter. The occasion for writing it is this: that this young man, Jacob Wachsmut of Halle, is setting out from my house to you, as it were. For having returned to his native place and greeted his parents, he will undertake that very journey. I commend him to you, and also to your colleagues, whom I count as friends there, in few words; asking nothing else than what we freely render to guests and to lovers of letters. For this reason also I must be brief. Farewell, from Helmstedt, from the Academia Julia. 41st day before the Kalends of Sextilis, in the year 1601. LETTER XLIII. TO SCIPIO GENTILI. S.D. Philippus Camerarius. Altorsum. Most distinguished sir, honored lord and friend. The sudden, and indeed sharp and dangerous illness of our Rittershusius has greatly disturbed me. For just as he may rightly be called a true ornament of our Academy, so also to lose him would be a loss that could not easily be repaired, especially since our college is no longer complete after the departure of D. Wesenbecius. For my part, I wish our Rittershusius a prosperous life, and that he may be long-lived; and I do not doubt that your wishes and those of all good men correspond with ours. I was somewhat cheered by my brother’s son Joachim, who visited the sick man and found certain signs that give hope that our friend will be somewhat better. Would that it be so. Therefore let us commend his safety to God; He will provide what is best. But I ask your excellence that, when an opportunity presents itself, you warn D. Rittershusius, if it is not troublesome, not to hesitate to let me know what is being done about the Arhythmological little book, long ago published through my father’s work, and about the additions to it which I myself collected; all of which were sent to him from the previous summer by my son. For it would be very welcome, if the illness does not trouble him, that he would make known to me his opinion, or, if that cannot conveniently be done, that he would return to me both what was printed and what was written. If he should wish to keep them longer, then at least let him take care that they do not pass into another’s hands. Your excellence will therefore see to these matters, as I have asked, yet in such a way that no inconvenience from this may come to anyone. He will also take care that the enclosed letters be sent to the house of D. Taurellus. My services in turn will be ready for your P.T. in greater matters. Farewell, and respectfully greet the honorable Doctor in my name, as well as your other colleagues. In haste. 23rd of November, amid many occupations. EPI-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 375 EPISTOLA XLIV. SCIPIONI GENTILIS. D. Philippus Camerarius. Alterfium. Clariss. & præstantiss. Vir, Domine & Amice observande. Recordor paulo ante iter meum ad hæc comitia, a te obiter cognovisse, te consti- tuisse oblata occasione, ad nos excurrere; ut autem hoc facias, ideo te moneo, quod nuper a Magnifico D. Wackero cognovimus, te Legato Regis Hispaniæ, qui hic cum magno comitatu, splendide & Regie, cum sua conjuge commo- ratur, librum quendam dedicasse: quod munus tuum & officium tam gratum illi fuit, ut solummodo præstoletur tuum adventum, quo animum suum gra- tum munusculo aliquo erga te declarare possit; videlicet aurea catena cum ima- gine Regia. Hæc ut ex relatione alterius cognovi, tibi significare, teque ad- monere volui, ne tibi desis, sed in tempore ea, quæ tibi parata sunt, auferas. Tuus adventus erit nobis longe gratior, quam Intonsi illius, qui nescio qua cu- riositate, se in lites Bibracenses intrudens hic nugatur, & more suo, ineptiis suis, sibi & aliis negotium facessit. Si commodius diversorum non habes, po- teris apud nos divertere. Hoc & meis collegis & mihi erit gratissimum. Nostrum diversorum noscitur ex tabula infixa januæ, directe e regione portæ coenobii Augustani. Hæc tibi significare volui, ut cognosceres me tui nominis & exi- stimationis studiosissimum esse. Vale & saluta socerum tuum vel coram vel li- teris, nec non & tuos collegas viros doctiss. salutant te mei collegæ amanter. Ratisbon. XXI. d. sextil. A[nn]o CIC DEC. XIII. EPISTOLA XLV. JACOBO AUGUSTO THUANO S. D. Scipio Gentilis. Nisi quæ voluntas tua & qui animus esset ergo omnes bonos & literarum amantes jampridem cognitum haberem, & nisi me pietas erga optimi fra- tris liberos stimularet, non scriberem ad te, nec denuo rogarem, ut causam honestissimæ viduæ; quantum fides dignitasque tua patitur, defendendam susci- peres, quod nunc, præstantissime Thuanæ, ita te rogo, ut majori studio, cura, adfectu denique nihil possim. Fortunulas parvorum liberorum Cl. viri in hoc judicio agi vides: de iis enim magis quam de se ipsa, & salute sua angitur honestissima foemina. Neque vero aliud ei præsidium in causa, ut speramus, optima, quam in authoritate, æquitate, benevolentia tua, & qui similes tui in isto augustissimo consistorio, sed maxime tamen tua. Scio quid possis quid velis, &, nisi te violari putas, quid etiam debeas. Uno tuo verbo, & prope nutu audebit afflicta causa sese erigere contra opes & gratiam adversariorum, & ut ita loquar, . Nec dubia erit victoria, aut etiam difficilis. Ita
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LETTERS OF MEN. 375 LETTER XLIV. TO SCIPIO GENTILIS. D. Philippus Camerarius. Alterfium. Most illustrious and most excellent sir, lord and esteemed friend. I remember that a little while before my journey to these assemblies, I learned incidentally from you that you had decided, if the opportunity should present itself, to make a trip to us; and that you may do so, I therefore remind you, because we recently learned from the Magnificent Mr. Wacker that you had dedicated a certain book to the Ambassador of the King of Spain, who is staying here with a large retinue, splendidly and royally, together with his wife: this gift of yours and your service pleased him so much that he is only waiting for your arrival, so that he may be able to show his grateful mind toward you with some little gift; namely, a golden chain with the Royal image. I wished to make this known to you and to warn you, as I learned it from another's report, so that you may not fail yourself, but in good time take away those things that are prepared for you. Your coming will be much more welcome to us than that of the unshorn fellow, who, I know not by what curiosity, intrudes himself into the Bibracian disputes and is wasting his time here, and in his usual fashion, with his foolishnesses, causes trouble for himself and for others. If you do not have more convenient lodgings elsewhere, you may stay with us. This will be most gratifying both to my colleagues and to me. Our lodging is identified by the sign fixed to the door, directly opposite the gate of the Augustinian monastery. I wished to let you know this so that you might understand that I am most devoted to your name and reputation. Farewell, and greet your father-in-law either in person or by letter, as well as your most learned colleagues; my colleagues greet you warmly. Regensburg, the 21st day of Sextilis, in the year 1613. LETTER XLV. TO JACOBUS AUGUSTUS THUANUS. S. D. Scipio Gentilis. If I had not long ago known what your will and spirit were toward all good men and lovers of letters, and if my piety toward the children of my excellent brother did not urge me, I would not write to you, nor again beg you to take up the defense of the cause of the most honorable widow, as far as your faith and dignity permit; but now, most excellent Thuanus, I ask you so earnestly that I can add nothing greater in zeal, care, or affection. You see that the fortunes of the little children of the distinguished man are at stake in this suit: for the most honorable woman is concerned more for them than for herself and her own safety. Nor indeed, as we hope, is there any other support in her very good cause than in your authority, fairness, benevolence, and in those like you in that most august body, but most especially in yours. I know what you can do, what you wish, and, unless you think yourself wronged, what you ought even to do. With one word of yours, and almost with a nod, the afflicted cause will dare to raise itself against the power and influence of its adversaries, and, so to speak, . Nor will the victory be doubtful, or even difficult. Thus
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CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. Ita enim mihi de bonitate causæ persuasi, neque adfectu ullo, cui non est in jure apud me locus, sed judicio, & diligenti totius controversiæ examinatione inductus. Fieri potest, ut fallar. Sed si quid ego in jure civili intelligo, a quo non discrepare hac in parte constitutiones Regias existimo, si quem etiam ulum in respondendo & judicando habeo, si vitæ & communis naturæ ratio charitasse parentum & voluntatis erga liberos nemini sunt vel ignota vel obscura, non video, qui apud sanctissimos judices vinci possimus. Finem rogandi faciam, si illud adjecero, si tibi persuaseris dignos nos esse, quos respicias, quos in tam honesto negotio juves, tantum cumulum ad eam quam de tua virtute opinio- nem habemus, si quid forte id ad te pertinere existimas, adcessurum, ut aman- tiorem atque observantiorem tui quam me, habiturus sis plane neminem, ne eos quidem, in quos sunt præstantissima tua merita. Idque ut certo tibi persuadeas etiam atque etiam te rogo. Novum hunc annum & quam plurimos deinceps adfluentes tibi felicissimos & fortunatissimos a Deo immortali precor. quod faciens in communem me id humani generis utilitatem facere intelligo. Norimbergæ. VIII. Ianuar. C13 IX X. EPISTOLA. XLVI. DIONYSIO GOTHOFREDO S. D. Scipio Gentilis. I Am dudum & ad te scripturio & tuas expecto literas. Fateor debui ego si- lentium istud rumpere, cum tu postremo scripseris: sed me spes quædam jam diu tenuit tui coram alloquendi. Ita de nundinis in nundinas trahor. Tuæ autem illæ literæ quam mihi jucundæ fuerint, non quo dicere. videre magnum illum ad Nierum Jurisconsultum ita publice triumphare de punctis suis & notularum distinctionibus, quas primus (si Deo placet) in libros juris civilis intulerit! tecum etiam audere interdicto contendere: cætera ejusmodi. Te vero per prudentiam tuam hortor, ne illius hominis illa jactatione æquum animum tuum perverti sinas: incitari te ad novam & omnibus numeris absolu- tam editionem libenter intellexi. In qua cur non expungas aliquot locis ejus nomen? Abiturire illum Heidelberga audio, Iulium in Iuliam, ut ajunt. Mirum si te amor illius loci non tangat. Scripsi ego & sæpe antea de te ad ami- cos illic meos, qui iidem & tui, Hippolytum a Collybis, Lingelshemium, Freherum, alios. De Frisica conditione non possum tibi author esse inter tubas turbasque; quanquam te Gallias tuas nunc spectare arbitror, percrebescentibus undique pacis nunciis. Ego adhuc , & eo nulli glebæ adfixus. Ubi autem Brederodius noster; Genevæ an in Italia? Dives est quoniam non inter- pellat: nec ego scio cui æs illud non magnum tamen persolvam. Quæso te ut sæpius ad nos scribas: nihil potest literis tuis mihi esse jucundius, amore charius. Utrumque mutuum a nobis fiet. Vale. Altorph. XV. April. C13 IX XCIV. Audio isthic esse, si nosti, Ioh. Binardellum, Altorphiensem. Cui pro tua pru-
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BRIGHT AND MOST LEARNED. For I have been persuaded of the soundness of the case, not by any emotion — to which I allow no place in law — but by judgment and by a careful examination of the whole controversy. It may be that I am mistaken. But if I understand anything of civil law, from which I think the royal constitutions in this matter do not differ, if I have any skill at all in giving opinions and in judging, if the reason of life and of common nature, the affection of parents and their will toward their children, are either unknown or obscure to no one, I do not see how we could be defeated before judges so holy. I shall end my request if I add this: if you are persuaded that we are worthy of your regard, worthy of your help in so honorable a matter, so great an addition will accrue to the opinion we already have of your virtue — if indeed you think that matter concerns you at all — that you will plainly have no one more devoted to you or more respectful than I, not even those upon whom your merits are most conspicuous. And that you may be fully persuaded of this, I beg you again and again. I pray the immortal God to grant you this new year, and as many years as shall follow, most happy and fortunate. In doing so, I understand that I am acting for the common good of humankind. Nuremberg, 8 January 1619. LETTER XLVI. TO DIONYSIUS GOTHOFREDUS, GREETING. Scipio Gentilis. I have long been writing to you and waiting for your letters. I confess I ought to have broken that silence when you last wrote; but for some time now I have been held by the hope of speaking with you face to face. Thus I am dragged from fair to fair. And those letters of yours were beyond what I can say delightful to me, especially to see that great jurist at Nierum publicly triumphing over his points and distinctions of little notes, which he was the first, if God please, to introduce into the books of civil law! He even dares, with you, to contend about an interdict, and so forth. But I urge you, in your prudence, not to allow that man's boasting to disturb your fair mind. I was glad to learn that you were encouraged toward a new edition, complete in every respect. Why not strike out his name in a few places in it? I hear that he is about to leave Heidelberg — Julius for Julia, as they say. It is strange if your love for that place does not move you. I have written often before, as well as now, about you to my friends there, who are also yours: Hippolytus a Collybis, Lingelsheim, Freher, and others. As for the Frisian matter, I cannot advise you amid such trumpets and confusion; although I suppose now you are looking toward your Gaul, since news of peace is spreading everywhere. I am still, and I remain fixed to no clod of earth. But where is our Brederodius — in Geneva or in Italy? He is rich because he does not press for payment; nor do I know to whom I shall discharge that debt, though not a large one. I beg you to write to us more often: nothing can be more delightful to me than your letters, or dearer than friendship. The same shall be mutual between us. Farewell. Altorf, 15 April 1594. I hear that there is there, if you know him, Johannes Binardellus, an Altorfian. To whom, by your pru-
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 377 prudentia nihil credes de nobis, cum sit apud nos ruptæ fidei, calumnæ atque injuriarum condemnatus solenniter ac publice, scias singularem improbitatem esse, quæ apud humanissimos & gentis nostræ amantissimos talem poenam invenerit. EPISTOLA XLVI. JUSTO KRIEXIO S. D. Claudius Salmasius. Accepi tuas, Doctissime Krixi, quæ mihi gratissimæ fuere; si plus otii habuissem, jam responsum haberetis ad ineptias Boxhornii, quas tamen miror laudatores, imo admiratores invenisse. Gratissimum feceris, si quæ ad eas notasti, submittas. Oro te etiam plurimum ut omnia monumenta, quæ ad eum confutandum facere videbuntur, colligas & corradas, mihique primo quoque tempore mittere digneris. Etsi nunc sum occupatissimus partim in domesticis negotiis, partim aliis aliquot tamen horas suffurari conabor sub esivas, tundæ meæ opinioni. Brevitatem Epistolæ excusabis in optimæ voluntatis prolixitate, quæ nunquam tibi defutura est. Vale & me ama ad omne officium tibi paratissimum. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. XXI. Mart. CIC I xc XXXI. EPISTOLA XLVII. JUSTO KRIEXIO S. D. Claudius Salmasius. Institueram tuis non respondere, quia putabam brevi absolutum iri opus, quo aliquot Doctorum & Professorum Iuris disputationes de mutuo refutavi. In eo sperabam te habiturum ad eâ dubia, quæ posuisti, solutionem, cui posses acquiescere; sed quoniam caudam adhuc trahit illa editio, non potui diutius differre, quod debui repræsentare. Quod attinet ad leg. XXIV. D. depositi, vix potest aliter accipi, quam quomodo exponendam tibi significavi, cum hic esses. Notissimi isti termini depositi, quos excedi dixit Papinianus, ad usurarum incrementum referendi sunt, non de illo genere depositi, in quo tantundem redditur. Quod cum pluribus confirmarim in disquisitione, quæ sub prælo est, superfedebo hic ea repetere. Paulus leg. XXVI. cod. similiter respondit, usurarum pactionem in deposito pecunia deposita modum excedere. Non esse axioma generale, quod habetur in leg. I. Cod. de fundo dotali, sed restringi debere ad tralationem dominii in rebus dotalibus, multis probavi in confutatione Thesium Wissenbachii, ubi etiam ostendi illud axioma incrustationem esse Triboniani, cum aliud jus circa alienationem fundorum dotalium obtinuit ætate Severi, cujus illa est constitutio. Non etiam ignoravi dominium minimum transferri in ea acquisitione naturali, qua feras nostro dominio vindicamus: transfertur enim dominium ab altero in alterum, & feræ quæ capiuntur, nullius in dominio fuerunt. In dote deinde an negabis dominium Bbb trans-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 377 By prudence you will believe nothing about us, since among us one who is guilty of broken faith, slander, and injuries has been solemnly and publicly condemned; you should know that this is a singular act of wickedness, which among the most humane and most affectionate of our nation has found such a punishment. LETTER XLVI. TO JUSTO KRIEXIO, GREETING. Claude Salmasius. I received your letters, most learned Krixi, and they were most welcome to me; if I had had more leisure, you would already have an answer to the follies of Boxhornius, though I am amazed that he has nevertheless found admirers, indeed devotees. You will do me a great favor if you send me whatever notes you have made on them. I also beg you very much to collect and gather together all the documents that may seem useful for refuting him, and to be so kind as to send them to me at the first possible opportunity. Although I am now very busy partly with household affairs, partly with some other matters, I shall nevertheless try to steal a few hours from sleep for my purpose, to satisfy my opinion. You will excuse the brevity of the letter in the prolixity of my very good will, which will never be lacking to you. Farewell, and love me for every service, always most ready for you. Paris, March 21, 1631. LETTER XLVII. TO JUSTO KRIEXIO, GREETING. Claude Salmasius. I had intended not to reply to your letters, because I thought that the work in which I refuted by several scholars’ and law professors’ disputations on mutuum would soon be completed. In that work I hoped you would have a solution to the doubts you raised, one with which you could be satisfied; but since that edition is still dragging its tail, I could no longer delay what I ought to have presented. As for the law XXIV, D. de depositi, it can scarcely be understood otherwise than as I indicated to you it should be explained when you were here. Those very well-known limits of deposit, which Papinian said were exceeded, must be referred to the increase of interest, not to that kind of deposit in which the same amount is returned. Since I explained this at greater length in the investigation that is under the press, I shall forgo repeating it here. Paul in law XXVI of the Code likewise replied that a stipulation of interest in a deposit exceeded the measure of the money deposited. That it is not a general axiom, as is found in law I of the Code on dotal land, but must be restricted to the transfer of ownership in dowry property, I have proved in many places in the refutation of Wissenbach’s Theses, where I also showed that that axiom is a plastering-over by Tribonian, since in the age of Severus, whose that constitution is, another law regarding the alienation of dotal lands obtained. Nor was I unaware that ownership is transferred in that natural acquisition by which we claim wild animals into our dominion; for ownership is transferred from one person to another, and the wild animals that are captured were in no one’s ownership. In dowry then, will you deny ownership Bbb trans-
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378 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. transferri in meritum? An dices hanc dominii translationem esse alienationem? Quomodo id dices, cum mulier domina dotis maneat, & quidem jure naturali. Mitto tibi opus de Coma. Quæso, rescribe quid homines vestri vobis de eo judicaturi sint, & inprimis quid Voetius sentiat, si qua arte id poteris expiscari. Vale & me amare perge. Leydæ. xix. Aug. MDC XLIV. EPISTOLA XLVIII. JUSTO KRIEXIO S.D. Claudius Salmasius. Libros meos tandem absolutos de mutuo cum observationibus ad jus Atticum & Romanum tibi mitto, Kriexi Clarissime. Ingratus omnino essem, nisi tui meminissem, præcipue cum tam bonam operam contuleris ad illam opinionem de mutuo defendendam. Nunc velim scire, quid de his judicium sit tuum. Gratias ago maximas pro Thesibus, quas ante aliquot septimanas a te mihi attulit van Zorchius junior. Vidi & quas nuper edendas curavit vester Dematius, contra quem nescio quis dialogum de Coma scripsit, & quidem primam: cum enim adhuc plures theses ejusdem Dematii super eodem argumento expectentur, responsionem ad omnes sperare nos jubet iste, quisquis est, dialogista. Propediem nisi fallor, hic liber in vestra urbe visetur. Gratum mihi feceris, si rescribas, quid de eo homines dicent. Idem van Zorchius spem mihi fecerat de tuo adventu, sed, ut video, fallam, si non re ipsa, saltem tempore: nam intra paucos dies te huc venturum affirmabat. Vale & me amare perge. Leydæ. xxiv. Aprilis. c13 IC XLV. EPISTOLA XLIX. FERDINANDUS Des Gratia Princeps & Infans Hispaniarum, Archidux Austria, Dux Burgundia &c. Imperii locum tenens Generalis &c. S.D. DESIDERIO ERASMO Sacra Theol. Profess. Honorabilis dilecte. Si colligis e silentio tui oblivionem, falleris. Nos enim tui habemus memoriam, & merito quidem, qui hac & majori dignus es memoria. Quod autem interpellamus rarius, tute in causa es. Nec enim libet peccare in commoda publica, sanctis tuis lucubrationibus obstrependo, quasavide vel legimus ipsi, vel audimus a prælegentibus. Habemus enim & nominis tui & vigiliarum tuarum studiosissimos præcones, quos minime arbitramur judicio falli. Hi quicquid librorum ex te nascitur nobis offerunt, scientes nos, quando per ocium, quod a publicis negotiis suffuramur, licet, cum nemine libentius quam cum Erasmo loqui, a quo non hæreses, non schismata, non antichristos audimus, nec, quam impudentissimi tui calumniatores impingunt, adulationem deprehendimus, sed mansuetudinem, moderationemque illam
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378 MOST FAMOUS AND MOST LEARNED. Can it be transferred into a claim? Or will you say that this transfer of ownership is alienation? How will you say that, when the woman remains mistress of the dowry, and indeed by natural law. I am sending you the work on Hair. Please write back and tell me what your people think about it, and especially what Voetius thinks, if by some means you can find it out. Farewell, and continue to love me. Leiden, 19 August 1644. LETTER XLVIII. TO JUSTO KRIEXIUS, GREETING. Claudius Salmasius. At last I send you my books on mutuum, completed with observations on Attic and Roman law, most distinguished Kriecius. I should be wholly ungrateful if I did not remember you, especially since you contributed such good work to defending that opinion on mutuum. Now I should like to know what your judgment is on these matters. I give you my warmest thanks for the Theses which van Zorchius the younger brought me from you some weeks ago. I have also seen those which your Dematius recently had prepared for publication, against whom someone or other has written a dialogue on Hair, and indeed only the first part: for since several more theses of the same Dematius on the same subject are still expected, this dialogist, whoever he is, bids us hope for a reply to them all. Before long, unless I am mistaken, this book will be seen in your city. You will do me a favor if you write back what people will say about it. The same van Zorchius had raised hopes in me of your coming, but, as I see, he will disappoint me, if not in fact, then at least in timing: for he was affirming that you would be coming here within a few days. Farewell, and continue to love me. Leiden, 24 April 1645. LETTER XLIX. FERDINAND By the grace of God Prince and Infante of Spain, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, etc., Governor General of the Empire, etc., greeting. TO DESIDERIUS ERASMUS, PROFESSOR OF SACRED THEOLOGY. Honorable and beloved sir. If you infer from silence that you are forgotten, you are mistaken. We do indeed remember you, and rightly so, since you are worthy of this and even greater remembrance. But if we approach you less often, you yourself are the reason. For we do not care to offend the public interest by interrupting your holy writings, which we either eagerly read ourselves or hear from those who read them aloud. For we have the most devoted heralds both of your name and of your labors, and we do not think them in the least mistaken in their judgment. They offer us whatever books come from your pen, knowing that whenever we may, in the leisure stolen from public affairs, it is possible to speak with no one more gladly than with Erasmus, from whom we hear not heresies, not schisms, not antichrists, nor do we detect the flattery charged by your most shameless calumniators, but gentleness, moderation, and that
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 379 illam tuam vere Christi plantis respondentem agnoscimus. Et simul ubi oportet virgulam quoque censoriam, qua ostendis, qui deceant & vere Christianos Pontifices & Principes mores, quod cum non facias seditiose, adulator non esse judicaris, sed ab impiissimis hæreticis, levissimis apostatis, perfidissimis desertoribus, memineris id tibi jure evenisse, non quidem commune cum Regibus & Principibus, ne nostri ordinis rem agere velle nos putes, sed cum illis sanctissimis tuis patribus, quos ut felicissime imitatus es ubique, non potes non referre hac in parte. Non ignoras, quas ignominias illi, quos cruciatus, quæ tormenta, quæ convitia ipsis tormentis & mortibus acerbiora sustinuerint, donec adveniret dies ille, qui eripuit illos malis. Sic reposita est merces in coelis operum tuorum. Sultine igitur & viriliter age, donec cum Paulo tuo consummaveris cursum, quod te alicubi optare videmus. Nos autem ut id fiat serius precamur. Quo abundare liceat iis authoribus & Doctrinis, qui Christianæ professioni proxime accedunt. Tu enim non solum repurgatos dedisti aliquot sanctos patres, qui depugnarunt adversus Ecclesiæ vastantes hæreticos, sed etiam hæc tempora nostra, quæ impurissimi hæresiarchæ infelicia reddiderunt & seditiosissimi quique perturbarunt, cum paucis (ut horum numerus semper minor est) adjuvas, non tam obscure, quam Catholice quid sentias, & fieri oporteat, indicans. Servet itaque te Christus & det nobis ille occasionem, ut aliquid benevolentia tibi impartiri queamus. Nam si quid ejus alias accepisti, id certe pro merito minimum fuit, neque agnovimus hoc adulationem, ut illi tibi impingunt salso, sed sancta tua studia in communem usum promovere voluimus. Et hodie si non eam, qua dignus es, eam saltem quæ opis erit nostræ benevolentiam offerimus. Hyreneum avidius exspectamus. Et quid a te fieri cupimus ex Frobenio cognosces. Datum in civitate nostra Vienna die XII. mensis Octobris. Anno Do. M. D. XXIV. EPISTOLAL. NICOLAO EVERARDO PRÆSIDENTI HOLLANDIÆ S.D. Desiderius Erasmus. SI Lutherus moderatius scripsisset, etiamsi libere, & plus laudis ipse tulisset sibi, & plus fructus attulisset orbi. Sed aliter visum est fatis. Neque quicquam magis admiror quam hominem adhuc subsistere. Gravi invidia oneravit Reuchlinum, graviore me: denique & litteras, quod quidem in ipso fuit. Rursus qui illum impugnant tam stolide rem gerunt, ut videantur cum Luthero colludere. Si essent capitales hostes Jacobitis quibusdam & Carmelitis, non optarem illis aliam mentem, quam habent. Nuper Antverpiæ Minorita quidam attractus in conjurationem coepit insanire apud populum; nomen homini Matthias; Hollandus est. Iustus est a Magistratu prædicare Euangelium; in concione proxima dixit. Euangelium vos docet Pastor vester, etiamsi pridem dormivisset cum scorto. Has belluas alit mundus, usque ad delicias, Bbb 2 imo
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LETTERS OF MEN. 379 we recognize that one of yours truly corresponding to the plants of Christ. And at the same time, where it is fitting, that you also wield the censor’s rod, by which you show what manner of conduct befits bishops and truly Christian princes; because you do this not seditiously, you are judged not to be a flatterer, but, by the most impious heretics, the lightest apostates, the most faithless deserters, you may remember that this has befallen you by right, not indeed in common with kings and princes, lest you should think that we wish to handle the affairs of our own order, but with those most holy fathers of yours, whom, as you have most happily imitated everywhere, you cannot but resemble in this respect. You are not unaware what ignominies they endured, what torments, what tortures, what insults more bitter than tortures themselves and deaths, until that day came which delivered them from evils. Thus the reward of your works has been laid up in heaven. So endure, therefore, and act manfully, until with your Paul you have finished the course, which we see you somewhere desiring. But we pray that this may be later. May it be granted that you abound in those authors and doctrines which come nearest to the Christian profession. For you have given us not only several purified holy fathers, who fought against the heretics devastating the Church, but also these our times, which the most impure arch-heretics have made unhappy and the most seditious have disturbed, with a few (for their number is always smaller) you support, indicating, not so obscurely, but catholically, what you think and what ought to be done. May Christ therefore preserve you and grant us an occasion whereby we may be able to bestow upon you something of our goodwill. For if you have elsewhere received anything from us, that certainly was the least according to merit, nor did we recognize this as flattery, as those men falsely allege to you, but we wished to promote your holy studies to common use. And today, if not that goodwill of which you are worthy, at least that which will be within our power we offer. We eagerly await Hyrneus. And what we wish to be done by you you will learn from Froben. Given in our city of Vienna on the XIIth day of the month of October. In the year of our Lord 1524. LETTERS. TO NICOLAUS EVERARDUS, PRESIDENT OF HOLLAND. GREETINGS. Desiderius Erasmus. IF Luther had written more moderately, even though freely, he himself would have borne off more praise for himself and brought more profit to the world. But the Fates have seen otherwise. Nor do I marvel at anything more than that the man still continues to stand. He loaded Reuchlin with heavy envy, me with heavier: in short, even the letters, insofar as it was in his power. On the other hand, those who attack him act so foolishly that they seem to be colluding with Luther. If they were deadly enemies, like certain Jacobites and Carmelites, I would not wish them any other mind than they have. Recently in Antwerp a certain Minorite, drawn into the conspiracy, began to rave before the people; the man’s name was Matthias; he is a Hollander. It is right for the Magistrate to preach the Gospel; he said in his last sermon. The Gospel teaches you, your Pastor, even if long ago he had slept with a harlot. These beasts the world feeds, even to its delights, Bbb 2, indeed
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380 CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. imo usque ad Tyrannidem. Ad usque hoc non video aliud remedium, quam ut subducatur illis liberalitas, nec admittantur in ædes bonorum virorum. Adolescentes a parentibus, foeminæ a maritis edoceantur, ut pastoribus suis confiteantur. Destituantur concionantes ab auditoribus. Tunc cum sic incipiunt debacchari, surgant plerique, & abeant domum. His rebus fiet ut certe moderatius insaniant. Adfirmant hic diploma quoddam apparatum, multo sævius, quam fuerat bulla Pontificis. Nescio quid metus obstat, quo minus edatur. Quin & illud demiror, Pontificem tale negotium per tales homines agere, partim indoctos, certe impotentis arrogant is omnes. Quid Cætano Card. superbius aut furiosius? quid Carolo a Milticis? Quid Marino? Quid Aloandro? omnibus placet illud juvenile consilium, minimus digitus meus major est dorso patris mei; Aloander plane maniacus est, vir malus & stultus. Antonius Puccius apud Elvetios homo mire est fraudulentus & impotens. Parisiis dico potissimum impugnant Lutherum. Querco Normanus seniculus virulentus & Beda **** truncus verius quam homo. Res ut audio nunc agitur venenis. Parisiis sublati sunt aliquot, qui Lutherum manifeste defendeant. Fortassis hoc mandatum est, ut quoniam aliter vinci non possunt hostes satis Romine, sic enim illi vocant, qui harpyis illis non per omnia obsequuntur, veneno tollantur cum benedictione Pontificis. Hac arte valet Aloander. Is me Coloniae impensissime rogabat ad prandium; ego quo magis ille instabat, hoc pertinacius excusavi. Adversus condonationes hoc erit remedium, si nihil detur, donec dabitur melior occasio explodendi has impias cauponationes. Hoc liberius apud te effudi, vir optime. Cavebis ne hæc epistola aberret in manus multorum. Nam Germani evulgant, quicquid nacti fuerint. Bene vale cum tuis. Saluta M. Iacobum Mauricium ac Sasboutum. Mechlini. Raptim in diversorio, cum hic forte fortuna esset oblatus. EPISTOLA LI. NICOLAO EVERARDO PRÆSIDENTI HOLLANDIÆ S.D. Desiderius Erasmus. Magnifice Domine Præsidens, visam hac æstate Hollandiam, nisi quid aliud inciderit. Interea mitto Celsitudini tuæ plumbeum Erasmum, ab artifice non vulgar effigiatum, nec mediocri sumptu. Mitto duos libellos, quibus respondeo Leoni Anglo, quo nebulone nihil adhuc produxit orbis nec arrogantius, nec indoctius, nec virulentius. Ipsa Anglia suum foetum execratur. Audio & istic esse prædicatores, qui stolidissime deblaterant apud indoctam multitudinem, & populum ad lapides provocant. Quorum improbitati nisi principes obsistant, res tandem exibit in seditionem. Prædicent sacras literas & taceant de rebushisce, quas non intelligunt. Tertius liber excuditur, is brevi veniet isthuc, nisi prius continget te Lovanium revisere, id enim
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even to tyranny. Up to this point I see no other remedy than that their liberality be withheld, and that they be not admitted into the houses of good men. Let the youths be instructed by their parents, the women by their husbands, so that they may confess to their pastors. Let the preachers be deserted by their hearers. Then, when they begin to rage in this way, let most of them rise and go home. By these means it will come about that at least they will be mad more moderately. They say that here a certain proclamation is prepared, much more savage than had been the papal bull. I know not what fear prevents it from being published. And this too I wonder at, that the Pontiff should conduct such a business through such men, partly unlearned, certainly all of them arrogant in an impotent way. What is more haughty or more furious than Cardinal Cætanus? What than Charles of Miltitz? What than Marino? What than Aloander? That childish saying pleases them all: “the least finger of my hand is greater than the back of my father”; Aloander is plainly a madman, a bad and foolish man. Antonius Puccius among the Swiss is a man wonderfully fraudulent and overbearing. At Paris, I say especially, they attack Luther. Querco, a Norman old man, is venomous, and Beda, a mere trunk, rather than a man. The matter, as I hear, is now being handled by poisons. At Paris some have been removed who openly defend Luther. Perhaps this order has been given, that since otherwise the enemies of Rome, for so they call those who do not obey those harpies in all things, cannot be overcome, they should be removed by poison with the Pope’s blessing. By this art Aloander thrives. He most urgently invited me to dinner at Cologne; but the more he pressed, the more persistently I excused myself. Against bribes this will be the remedy: that nothing be given, until a better opportunity comes for rejecting these impious courtesies. This I have poured out more freely to you, most excellent sir. Take care that this letter does not stray into the hands of many. For the Germans publish whatever they get hold of. Farewell well, together with yours. Greet Master Jacobus Mauricius and Sasbout. At Mechlin. Written in haste at an inn, while he happened to be there by chance. EPISTLE LI. TO NICOLAUS EVERARDUS, PRESIDENT OF HOLLAND, GREETING. Desiderius Erasmus. Most illustrious Lord President, I intend to visit Holland this summer, unless something else should intervene. Meanwhile I send your Lordship a leaden Erasmus, fashioned by no ordinary artist, and at no small expense. I send two little books, in which I reply to Leo the Englishman, a clown than whom the world has thus far produced nothing either more arrogant, more unlearned, or more venomous. England itself curses its own offspring. I hear that there too are preachers who bluster most foolishly before an unlearned crowd, and provoke the people to stones. Unless princes resist their wickedness, the affair will end in sedition. Let them preach the sacred scriptures and be silent about these matters, which they do not understand. A third book is being printed; it will come there soon, unless it should first happen that you revisit Louvain, for that is
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 381 enim accepi ex filio tuo, qui nuper cænavit apud nos Antverpiæ. Is mihi vi- sus est non veste tantum, sed & animo candidus. Salutabis cæteros amicos, quibus nunc non vacat scribere, Sasboutum, Carolum, Mauricum, Bernar- dum Decanum: & si adsunt homines, quibus ego debeo plurimum, Nassau- wen & Veciensis. Bene vale. Antverpiæ xv. Cal. Majas. EPISTOLA LII. EVERARDO NICOLAI CAESAREÆ MAJESTATIS IN MAGNO CONSILIO CONSILIARIO FRATRI SUO OBSERVANDISSIMO S.D. Ioannes Secundus. Meckliniam. Superioribus quibusdam literis nostris vobis indicavimus in bona me spe esse obtinendæ hic non poenitendæ conditionis, qualis autem ea esset hactenus supprimendum duximus, non quia celare vos volebamus cogitationes nostras, sed quod verebamur ne si res exitu sperato careret, tanto gravius doleretis, quanto impensis eam ipsam rem succedere mihi cupissetis. Non enim time- bam ne frustratus spe mea rideret a vobis, quos de diligentia mea ac modestia in persequendis hujusmodi rebus diffidere non arbitror, tametsi id ab aliis qui- busdam isthic, in quorum forte notitiam res venisset, exspectare poteram. Nunc autem quoniam conclusa res est, diutius fraudare vos nolo voluptate, quam e prosperitate mea maximam ac plenissimam accepturos vos certo scio. R.D. Archiepiscopus Toletanus, qui pridem Cardinalis Sti. Jacobi fuit, & præsidens est supremi Senatus ac totius Hispaniæ Primas, vir optimus, do- ctissimus ac in suos liberalissimus nudius tertius me honorificentissime in familiam ac tutelam suam recepit, Secretariumque me suum designavit. Splendide prorsus ero, & si bene me geram, ut certe geram, inter primos ejus aulæ brevi numerabor. Qvidvis mihi de Domini mei comitate, humanitate, potentia polliceri possum. Ad stipendia non contemnenda favores ac honores eximios spes mihi beneficiorum amplissimorum pene indubitata accedit. Nam quia Cardina- lis est, omnes Ecclesiasticæ dignitates ac beneficia per totum annum vacantia ad ipsius solius collationem spectant. Ita ut singulis septimanis alicui ex suis optime providere possit. Non ego nunc vereor, ne consilium meum non appro- bes, quod Hispano me addixerim, id quod in epistola quadam tua mihi dissuadebas. Generali enim Hispanico vocabulo hunc Hispanum comprehendi non arbitrar, cui nemo non Aulicorum inservire malit, quam ipsi Cæsari. Ad- de quod ingenium meum cum illius optime conventurum videtur. Cujus rei hoc argumentum habe, quod vir est omnium artium studiosissimus, hilarisque & amoeni ingenii. Denique facie ac moribus simillimus festivissimo illi homini nostro D. Petro de Capella. Omnibus his unum accedit sane maximum. Si quid summo Pontifici humanitus accidat, non video quis præter hunc in eum locum Bbb 3
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Letters of Men. 381 indeed I received from your son, who lately dined with us at Antwerp. He seemed to me not only in dress, but also in character, sincere. Greet the other friends, to whom I now have no time to write, Sasbout, Carolus, Mauricius, Bernard the Dean; and if Nassau and the Bishop of Vienne are present, men to whom I owe very much. Farewell well. Antwerp, on the 15th day before the Kalends of May. LETTER LII. TO EVERARD NICOLEI, COUNSELLOR OF HIS CÆSAREAN MAJESTY IN THE GREAT COUNCIL, HIS MOST RESPECTED BROTHER, GREETING. Ioannes Secundus. To Mechelen. By some previous letters of ours I informed you that I had good hope of obtaining here a position not to be regretted; what sort of position this was, however, I thought it best to keep back until now, not because I wished to hide my thoughts from you, but because I feared that if the matter should fall short of the hoped-for outcome, you would be all the more grieved, the more eagerly you had desired that very thing to succeed for me. For I was not afraid that, disappointed in my hope, I would be laughed at by you, whom I do not think distrustful of my diligence and modesty in pursuing such matters, though I could expect that from certain others there, among whom perhaps the matter had come to notice. But now, since the affair is settled, I do not wish to deprive you any longer of the pleasure which I know for certain you will derive most greatly and fully from my good fortune. The Lord Archbishop of Toledo, who was formerly Cardinal of St. James and is president of the supreme Senate and Primate of all Spain, a very good, learned, and to his dependents most generous man, yesterday took me most honorably into his household and protection, and appointed me his secretary. I shall be splendidly provided for, and if I conduct myself well, as I certainly shall, I shall shortly be numbered among the foremost of his court. I can promise myself whatever I please from my lord’s courtesy, kindness, and power. With a not insignificant stipend, the hope of very great favors and honors, and almost certain expectation of the most abundant benefits, is added to me. For since he is a Cardinal, all ecclesiastical dignities and benefices vacant throughout the whole year belong to his sole disposition. Thus each week he can well provide for one of his people. I do not now fear that you will disapprove of my plan, in that I have attached myself to a Spaniard, which you were discouraging me from in a certain letter of yours. For I do not think this Spaniard is to be included under the general Spanish name, whose service no one of the courtiers would prefer to that of the Emperor himself. Add to this that my character seems to agree very well with his. Of this give evidence, that he is a man most devoted to all the arts, and of a cheerful and pleasant disposition. Finally, in face and manners he is most like that most delightful friend of ours, Master Peter de Capella. To all these qualities there is certainly one very great one added: if anything should happen humanly to the Supreme Pontiff, I do not see who, besides this man, in that place Bbb 3
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382 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. locum sit evehendus. Vide quantum ita familiæ nostræ stabilimentum ac- cederet, si duorum fratrum apud duos mundi Dominos æque utrobique pol- leret auctoritas. Sed hæc spes sunt Alchimicorum. Jam vero grave mihi putas fore, si patria ad aliquot annos exulabo? cum satis certo sperem, me si eo ali- quando recurrere velim cum tali compendio recursurum, quo me ad extremum usque tempus senectutis sustinere potero, quod malo, quam ut dependere ali- quando debeam a quoquam eorum, qui icthic cum imperiosunt. Plura scri- berem, sed obtundunt sensus meos tintinnabulorum campanarumque strepi- tus, qui ad sepulturam quorundam nunc exercentur, eorum qui heri ex ma- gno juvenum numero, non minus quinque plurimos fortiter tauros in harena exagitantes confodientesque, (quod hic est celebre, solemne & festum impi- mis spectaculum) reliquis aliquot vulneratis occubuerunt, & perpetuo per gloriam vivere intelliguntur. Bene vale & me D. Matri (cui & prosperos meos successus imprimis communicabis) ac uxori tuæ fratrique Hadriano, sororique Guilielmæ, aliisque omnibus amicis officiosissime commenda, & excusa: peregrinamur enim Secoviz. Prid. Cal. Junias. c1010 xxxiv. EPISTOLA LIII. EVERARDONICOLAI S. D. Ioannes Secundus. F Rater Charissime observandissimeque, nondum quartana liberatus sum, & tamen ad verna signa sol redit: Ego tamen usque adeo fortiter & animose illius insultibus resisto, ut non modo non in lecto me aut domi contineam, sed extra Hispaniam etiam ipsam evagari mediter, ne quis forte torpor meus tor- pidam febrem alat. Cæsar Barchinonam perendie proficiscitur, ut exercitum, quem illic ingentem paratum habet quocunque tandem illi visum erit, vel emit- tat, vel ipse traducat. Et quoniam primum in Italian trajecturus creditur, mit- tit me Cæsareæ Aulæ comitem Cardinalis meus primum Romam, ut Pontifici supremum hunc honorum apicem gratuler, ac alia quædam ipsius nomine ex- ponam. Deinde quocunque tandem Cæsar ibit, ut Historiam rerum memo- rabiliùm, quæ in hoc itinere ab Invictissimo Imperatore gerentur, carmine He- roico contexam, cujus jam nunc initium quoddam fu: ore Martio incitatus effu- di, id tale est. Rursus bella parat Cæsar; Patientia rursus Mansueti Iuvenis longo devicta dolore est, Et violata gravem pietas erumpit in iram. Fervere jam video canis maria omnia remis, Telluremque armis, cælum splendescere flamma. Quid tantum fortuna moves? cui fata minantur Tam dirum excidium? quantove cruore redemptam Æternam furiæ pacem conceditis orbi. Omnes
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382 MOST CLEAR AND MOST LEARNED. He would have to be raised to a place. See how much support would thus be added to our family’s standing, if the authority of two brothers among the two Lords of the world were equally powerful in both places. But these are the hopes of alchemists. Indeed, do you think it would be a serious matter for me if I were to be exiled from my homeland for a few years? Since I can quite confidently hope that, if ever I wish to return there, I shall return with such a gain that I shall be able to sustain myself until the very end of old age; which I prefer, rather than that I should at some time have to depend on any of those who there are in authority. I would write more, but the sound of bells and little bells dulls my senses; they are now being rung for the burial of certain persons, those who yesterday, from the great number of youths, no fewer than five fell, after bravely goading and stabbing very many bulls in the arena, as is here a celebrated, customary, and festive impious spectacle, while some others were wounded and perished, and are understood to live forever through glory. Farewell well, and commend me most dutifully to Lord Mother (to whom above all you will also communicate my prosperous successes) and to your wife, your brother Hadrian, your sister Guilielma, and all the other friends, and excuse me: for we are traveling at Secoviz. The day before the Kalends of June. c1010 xxxiv. EPISTLE LIII. EVERARDO NICHOLAI, GREETING. John Secundus. Most dear and most worthy brother, I have not yet been freed from the tertian fever, and yet the sun is returning at the signs of spring: nevertheless I resist its attacks so steadfastly and courageously that I not only do not keep myself in bed or at home, but even consider wandering beyond Spain itself, lest perhaps my sluggishness nourish a sluggish fever. Caesar sets out for Barcelona the day after tomorrow, in order that the army, which he has prepared there in great number, he may either send forth or himself lead across, whichever in the end shall seem good to him. And since he is believed first to be crossing into Italy, my Cardinal is sending me, as companion to the Caesarean Court, first to Rome, so that I may congratulate the Pontiff on this supreme pinnacle of honors, and set forth certain other matters in his name. Then, wherever Caesar shall go, I am to weave in heroic verse the history of the memorable deeds that shall be done on this journey by the Most Invincible Emperor; and I have already now poured forth some beginning of it, inspired by martial zeal, as follows: Again Caesar prepares war; again Patient endurance, overcome by long pain, is broken. And violated duty bursts forth into heavy anger. Already I see all the seas foam with white-haired oars, and the earth and the sky gleam with arms and flame. Why do you so greatly move Fortune? To whom do the Fates threaten so dreadful a destruction? and with how much blood do you grant to the world an eternal peace, bought back from fury. All
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 383 Omnes homines cum Cæsare & pro Cæsare pugnare gestiunt, neque nos, si res ad arma venerit, imbelles aut ignavi arguemur, ut tale aliquid in Historia mea locum habere possit, quale est illud Æneæ, Et quorum pars magna fui. Quod de Bekerkio scribis de tua diligentia nihil dubito, num vero ille satis ex fide versetur, ignoro, vix enim arbitror non aliquid in rem meam tanto tempore cessisse. Agnosco etiam diligentiam tuam in co, quod ad fratrem de sororii responso scribis. Quod autem ille scire cupit, qui sint illi, qui in ordine Rotæ me antecedant, primus quidem vocatur Magister Adrianus Thiebault Le Maistre de la Chapelle de l'Empereur, qui jam nunc locum acceptasse dicitur, qui vacavit in Winnoch. Secundus est filius Magistri Laurentii du Bhouth, qui num aliquid & ipse acceptaverit, diligenter investigandum est, nam nuper admodum per mortem Præpositi Cassellani vacavit Cura Harlemensis, quam si ille non arripuit, aut etiamsi arripuit & aliam quæ prius vacavit, obnisisit, ita ut tertia cura, quæ post datam Rotæ hoc est XIX. Septembris vacavit sit Harlemensis. Ego videlicet sum curatus Harlemensis. Obsecro te mi frater, ut diligenter quantum fieri potest hac in reverscis ac procuratores meos harum rerum certiores reddas, ipsumque imprimis sororium meum, cui obsecro ut me excuses, quod illum procuratione harum rerum non oneraverim, quem seirem semper in legationibus esse solere, quodque illi non scribam: vix enim hic licet, tanta sub hoc iter negotiorum moles nobis incumbit, nec minus, imo multo magis frater occupationibus obruitur, ita ut constitutum nondum habere possit, utrum non dico ad alios amicos, sed ad te quoque, quod maxime cupit, scribere aliquem omnino characterem poterit. Opinor Cæsarem non Italiano modo, aut Germaniam, aut Hungariam, sed Flandriam quoque hoc itinere peragraturum, quo postremo matrem consolaberis, si forte nostri desiderio cruciabitur. Frater uxore amissa, ac jam expeditior, non videt quomodo Cæsari, eum a se dimittere recusanti, parere non debeat aut possit; itaque utrique nos in omnes casus præparamus, decus accessurum familiæ nostræ magnum arbitrantes si ex iis fratribus, qui jam pridem bonis artibus nomen sibi pepererunt, 'duo etiam strenue militasse intelligantur. Non vacat nunc scribere nec D. Pauw nec item D. Archidiacono Nigri, quos mihi ex animo bene velle intelligo, quare me illis quam humillime commendes obsecro. Vale. Madriti. EPISTOLA LIV. NICOLAUS S. D. Nicolao Everardi a Middelburgo Patri omnibus modis honorandissimo. Non sum nescius, Parens observandissime, quantum tuæ debeam Magnificentix. Neque rursum ignoro, quam nulla ex parte tuis in me officiis responderim. Et tamen rursum est quiddam, quod te orem. At quâ tandem fronte (inquies) iterum me precibus petis, cui usque adeo obstrictus es, ut solvendo esse nunquam quas? nempe quod prudentis, planeque liberalis ingenii esse judicem, ei, cui multis nominibus addictus sis, fieri etiam velle longe
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LETTERS OF MEN. 383 All men are eager to fight with Caesar and for Caesar, and we too, if matters come to arms, shall not be accused of being unfit for war or cowardly, so that something of that kind may have a place in my History, like that line of Aeneas: “And I had a large share in them.” What you write about Bekerkius concerning your diligence I do not doubt; whether indeed he is acting with sufficient good faith, I do not know, for I scarcely think that nothing has long since been turned to my advantage. I also recognize your diligence in what you write to your brother about the reply concerning his sister-in-law. But as for what he wants to know, namely who those are who precede me in the order of the Rota, the first is called Master Adrianus Thiebault Le Maistre de la Chapelle de l'Empereur, who is now said to have accepted the post that became vacant in Winnoch. The second is the son of Master Laurentius du Bhouth; whether he too has accepted anything must be carefully investigated, for very recently the Cure of Harlem became vacant by the death of the Provost of Cassel, and if he did not seize that, or even if he did seize it and abandoned the other which had previously become vacant, then the third cure, which became vacant after the date of the Rota, that is, the 19th of September, is the Harlem one. I am, of course, the curate of Harlem. I beg you, my brother, to inform, as carefully as possible, my correspondents and agents about these matters, and especially my brother-in-law himself, whom I beg you to excuse on my behalf for not burdening him with the handling of these affairs, since I knew that he is always accustomed to be in embassies, and also because I do not write to him: for it is hardly permitted here, so great is the burden of business that presses upon us during this journey, and my brother is no less, indeed much more, overwhelmed with occupations, so that he cannot yet have made up his mind whether he can write any letter at all, not only to other friends but even to you, which he is most eager to do. I think Caesar will travel not only through Italy, or Germany, or Hungary, but also through Flanders on this journey, and in that case you will console mother last, if perhaps she is tormented by longing for us. My brother, having lost his wife and now being freer, does not see how he ought or can fail to obey Caesar, who refuses to let him go; thus we are preparing ourselves for all contingencies, thinking that great honor will accrue to our family if from those brothers who long since made a name for themselves by good arts, it is also understood that two of them have served bravely as soldiers. There is no time now to write either to Mr. Pauw or likewise to Mr. the Archdeacon of Nigri, whom I understand to wish me well from the heart, wherefore I beg you to commend me to them most humbly. Farewell. Madrid. EPISODE LIV. NICHOLAS S. D. To Nicholas Everardi of Middelburg, a most honorable Father in every way. I am not unaware, most respected Father, how much I owe to your Magnificence. Nor again do I ignore how in no respect I have repaid your services to me. And yet there is again something for which I ask you. But with what face at last, you will say, do you again seek me with prayers, to whom you are so greatly bound that you can never possibly be in debt? Precisely because I judge you to be a man of prudent and quite generous mind, one who, to whomsoever you are bound by many ties, is also willing to become...
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384 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. longe addictiorem. Sed cui obsecro devinctior sum, quam tibi, Pater bene- ficentissime? profecto nemini: quippe cui (cætera transeo) ipsam etiam vi- tam acceptam feram. Quod cum ita se habeat, cuinam libentius nunc quoque debere cupiam, quam cui hactenus debentur omnia? Quorsum autem hæc tendunt inquies? Eo nimirum Domine Pater, ut me tuum opus informatum adhuc (id quod restat) perficias. quid enim fuit Nicolaum hunc nasci? quid educari? nisi & in posterum illi consulatur, ut commode vitam hanc, in quam deductus est, degere valeat? Porro eam ad rem plurimæ tibi occasiones in manusunt: tantummodo opus est eas ut apprehendas. Quid enim est quæso? quod T.D. apud maximos quosque non possit? nihil præter operam abste flagito, eamque non multam. Atque ut rem ipsam petamus, animo sum in meliora studia multo majore, quam T.P. fortasse credat: aut ego facile expli- care possim, nihilque æque cupio, ac (quod ccepi) per omnem vitam in literis versari. quamad rem nullum video magis appositum vitæ genus, quam Cano- nicorum aut alioqui Ecclesiasticorum divitum. Siquidem expetunt (ut scis) recta studia, vitam tum liberam, tum minime sordidam. Nunc opinor quo tendam vides. videlicet ut nobis tua opera pinguior aliqua præbenda contingat: qua fretus animo omnibus curis vacuo totum me studiis in finem usque vitæ pos- sim impendere. Sed huc quo pacto penetrari possit accipe. Dominus Con- servator Wemelingius dies jam aliquot febricitat: & ut maxime absit febris, consentaneum tamen non est illum diu admodum posse vivere, cum illum jam diu urgeat senectus, morbus (ut scis) perquam præsentaneus. Velim (nisi si quid tamen aliter censes) cum homine literis agas, ut Decaniam illam suam Bruxellensem nobis cedat. Impetrabis haud dubie ab amico tibi tam charo? A pueris convixistis una: eadem vos invicem patria conciliat, ut taceam bene- ficia inter vos mutua: studiis iisdem insudastis semper, nam & hoc ad amicitiam facit plurimum: jam quod est omnium longe maximum, doctoralem pileum simul adepti estis, id quod non amicos modo, verum & fratres facit. Quid? quod hoc videberis tuo quodam modo jure poscere, ut qui hoc ipsum illi olim concesseris. Quod si Decaniam hanc non fore in rem meam putabis, omnino tamen cupiam ut Canonicatum aliquem opimum nobis dispicias. Ita enim fu- turum est, ut qui tibi hactenus sumptui atque oneri sui, sim & usui in posterum & honori. Nam quicquid ex eare nobis accedet dignitatis, id omnetibi trans- scribetur, quum ego, quatenus sum, tuus sim. Obsecro igitur quantum quo D. Parens, ne hoc operæ in filium tui (ut par est) longe amantissimum collocare pigeat. Pluribus tecum agerem, Pater observandissime, ni sedulo te curaturum meam salutem considerem: tantum id T.D. significarevolui, me sententiam in melius commutasse; nam solebam non nihil a sacerdotiis abhor- rere. Tuum erit gratulari filio resipiscenti. Ego (quod in me erit) vicissim curabo, ut te nunquam laboris suscepti poeniteat, imo magis contra ut gaudeas. Sed hac de re satis, ne tux bonitati diffidere videar. Nunc operæ pretium puto, ut de migratione nostra nonnihil tibi significem. Migravimus jam pridem in xdes
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384 MOST CLEAR AND LEARNED. far more attached. But to whom, I beg you, am I more bound than to you, most bountiful Father? Certainly to no one; for, to pass over everything else, I even regard my very life as received from you. Since this is so, to whom now too would I more gladly wish to owe everything than to him to whom everything has hitherto been owing? But to what does all this tend, you will say? Namely, Lord Father, that you may complete your work in me, your still unformed creation, as far as remains to be done. For what was it that Nicholas should be born? what educated? unless provision is also made for his future, so that he may be able to pass this life, into which he has been brought, with comfort? Moreover, you have many opportunities in hand for this purpose; it is only necessary that you seize them. For what is there, I ask, that T.D. cannot do with the very greatest men? I ask of you nothing except your assistance, and not much of that. And to come to the matter itself, I have a mind much more strongly inclined toward better studies than T.P. perhaps believes; or I could easily explain myself, and I desire nothing so much as to spend my whole life in letters, as I have begun. For this purpose I see no kind of life more suitable than that of Canons or otherwise wealthy Churchmen. For they seek, as you know, proper studies, a life both free and by no means sordid. Now I think you see where I am tending: namely, that through your efforts some more generous provision may be made for us, by means of which, relying on a mind free from all cares, I may be able to devote myself wholly to studies until the end of my life. But hear by what means this may be brought about. Lord Conservator Wemelingius has been feverish for several days now; and although the fever may be absent, it is nevertheless not fitting that he should be able to live much longer, since old age has long been pressing upon him, the illness being, as you know, quite imminent. I should wish, unless perhaps you think otherwise, that you would negotiate in writing with the man, so that he may yield that Deanery of his at Brussels to us. You will surely obtain it from a friend so dear to you? You have lived together from childhood; the same homeland brings you together, to say nothing of the mutual benefits between you; you have always toiled at the same studies, and this too contributes greatly to friendship; and now, what is by far the greatest of all, you have obtained the doctoral cap together, which makes you not merely friends but brothers. What more? This will seem to you, in a certain sense, to be your due to request, since you once granted the very same thing to him. But if you think this Deanery will not be to my advantage, I should still by all means wish you to secure some rich canonry for us. For thus it will come about that I, who have hitherto been a burden and an expense to you, may in future be useful and an honor to you. For whatever dignity comes to us from this, will all be ascribed to you, since I, so far as I am anything, am yours. I therefore beg you, as much as I can, my father, not to begrudge placing this labor on your son, who loves you far more than is proper. I would say more, most honored Father, were I not confident that you will diligently look to my welfare; I only wished to indicate to you that I have changed my mind for the better, for I used to be somewhat averse to priestly offices. It will be your part to rejoice over a son who has come to his senses. I in turn will take care, as far as lies in me, that you may never regret the undertaking, but rather rejoice all the more. But enough of this, lest I seem to distrust your goodness. Now I think it worthwhile to tell you something about our move. We have already long since moved into the house.
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VIRORUM EPISTOLÆ. 385 zedes Castildii, hominis non ridendi quidem quod ad jus pertinet: sed aliquan- to etiam plus Cynici, quam fuit noster Hondius. Sed ne te longius literis one- rem, latius scribo fratri meo M. Everardo hac de re; is tibi omnem rem narra- bit. Te honorandiss. D. P. quam diutissime valere cupio. Scriptum Lovanii apud M. Roaldum Castel. xx Junii. EPISTOLA LV. EVERARDO NICOLAI: Sacra Cas: M. Consiliario in Magno Consilio apud Mechli- nienses et Fratri Amicissimo S. D. Nicolaus Nicolai. Mechliniam. Ex literis tuis 13. Februarii ad me scriptis intelligo, te jam officii tui novi possessionem cepisse. Id quod ut gratissimum mihi est, ita & ut felix ac faustum, tum publicæ tum privatæ quoque rei esse velit Deus, teque quam diutissime in eo cum gloriaverari, oro. Gratulor autem tibi novum familiæ au- gmentum ex filio Petro: quem ut sui nominis duritie hac certe in parte respondeat, longævum morbisque omnibus infractum fore auguror & opto. Cupiam vero & illius habere nativitatem, ut cum aliis per ocium aliquando fata illius explorem, qui mea ipsius fata exploro. Nam ut libere fatear, de vulnere illo accipiendo nunquam metui, in capite quidem: nam de auris vulnere, & casu cum equo, navigationisque periculo, jam olim subtimui. Neque vero non læpius in his itineribus cecidi cum equis, neque sine periculo Danubium navigavi, aliosque fluvios tranavi. Et nescio quomodo hujus anni mei, qui in Decembri incepit die 20. revolutionem facere neglexi, aliis impeditus, & Ephemeridibus una cum seriniis ad Genuam præmissis: superioris enim anni statum ac revolutionem, ut vocant, feceram isthinc discedens, ex qua permulta verissima inveni: ut morbum Ratisbonensem, novam dignitatem, pruritum mentulæ, quo certe multum laboravi; casum geminum ab alto, qui mihi contigit Bononiæ bis diversis in locis, sed uterque sine periculo: item perditionem pecuniæ, atque alia nonnulla. Et quoniam nugari coepi, scito me Bononiæ a vetula didicisse aliud divinationis genus, longe quidem magis compendiarum, sed minus certum, quam Astrologia, meo judicio, quanquam tamen illam prædicere res abstrusissimas ac secretissimas vidi, tum aliis pluribus, tum vero & mihi. Neque quisquam unquam fuit, quem docere vellet præter me unum. Nescio qua causa. Ipsa certe nullam aliam causam reddidit, nisi quia ex divinatione, quam de me fecerat, cognoverat me esse rerum mirabilium & secretarum investigatorem atque amatorem artium omnium, nec indignum, quem doceret ipsa suam artem; quare & ultro obtulit suam operam: nam ea tantum gratia accesseram, ut viderem quid esset dictura, quidve posset per artem suam præstare. Fit autem ea divinatio per fabarum jactum in manu, & quantum ego Ccc pu-
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LETTERS OF MEN. 385 Castildius is a man not to be laughed at when it comes to law: but in some ways even more of a Cynic than our Hondius was. But lest I burden you with a longer letter, I am writing more fully about this matter to my brother M. Everardus; he will tell you the whole affair. I wish you, most honored Sir P., to remain well for as long as possible. Written at Louvain, at the house of M. Roaldus Castel., 20 June. LETTER LV. TO EVERARDUS NICOLAI: Sacra Cas: M. Counsellor in the Great Council at Mechlin, and to his most beloved Brother, greetings. Nicolaus Nicolai. Mechlin. From your letter written to me on 13 February, I understand that you have already taken possession of your new office. This is most welcome to me; and I pray that God may make it fortunate and happy, both for the public and for your private affairs as well, and that you may prosper in it for as long as possible. I also congratulate you on the new increase to the family through your son Peter: and, since he bears a name that is rather hard, I foretell and wish that at least in this respect he may match it by a long life untouched by all illnesses. I should indeed like to know his birth too, so that, together with others, I may at some leisure time investigate his destiny, I who investigate my own destiny. For, to speak frankly, I was never afraid of that wound to be received in the head; but I have long been uneasy about a wound to the ear, and about a fall from a horse, and the danger of navigation. Nor indeed have I not often fallen from horses on these journeys, nor crossed the Danube and other rivers without danger. And I know not how I neglected to make the revolution of this my year, which began on 20 December, being hindered by other matters, and by the Ephemerides sent together with the seriniis to Genoa; for I had made the revolution, as they call it, of the previous year when I departed from there, from which I found many things most true: such as the illness at Regensburg, the new dignity, the itching of the penis, from which I certainly suffered greatly; the double fall from a height, which befell me at Bologna in two different places, but both without danger; likewise the loss of money, and several other things. And since I have begun to trifle, know that at Bologna I learned from an old woman another kind of divination, indeed far more economical, but, in my judgment, less certain than astrology, although I saw her predict the most hidden and secret matters, among many others, and indeed also for myself. And there was never anyone whom she was willing to teach except me alone. I do not know for what reason. Certainly she gave no other reason, except that from the divination she had made concerning me she had learned that I was an inquirer into and lover of marvelous and secret things, and of all the arts, and not unworthy to be taught her art by her; wherefore she even freely offered her service: for I had come only for this purpose, to see what she would say, and what she might accomplish by her art. Now this divination is done by the casting of beans in the hand, and how much I...
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CLARIS. ET DOCTISSIM. 386 judico ex chiromantia tota dependet. Scribo tibi nugas, quoniam nihil ha- beo serium, quod nostra referat, quodve sit scriptu dignum. Nam & nos hic, & ipse Cæsar nihil aliud quam nugamur. extum enim aut septimum diem jam se recreat venatione, quæ hic certe amoenissima est & plurima, & adeo ut me sæpissime eliciat in sylvas, quoties eo properat Cæsar. Dominus de Briarde (ut & aliis meis ad te literis indicavi) ad Regem Romanorum missus est: neque venturus (opinor) ad vos est ante quinque aut sex menses, propter multitudinem ac varietatem, adde etiam difficultatem, negotiorum, quæ illisunt cum Rege ac Principibus Germaniæ tractanda. Nam ipse scripsi illius instructionem. Ego jam plane confirmata sum valetudine, & vulnus capitis, cujus historiam tibi nuper ex Mediolano scripsi, prorsus coaluit, & cicatricem fecit. Quod mirum omnibus videtur fieri potuisse tam parvo temporis spatio, utpote intra 16. dies. Nihil autem incommodi inde retinui gratia Deo Opt. Max. cui te cum uxore nostrisque omnibus commendo. Ex Veglevena, oppidulo ducatus Mediolanensis. xviii. die Martii. cix ixi xxxiii. Perendie dicimur hincabituri Alexandriam indeque Genuam aut Savonam, portum maris Ligustici, & ut fama est, ante festum Pascha trajecturi Barchinonam, quo ventura est Imperatrix. Vale. EPISTOLA LVI. EVERARDO NICOLAI S.D. Nicolaus Nicolai. Mechliniam. A Micissime frater. Placuit mihi vehementissime quod e postremistuis literis intellexi, te uxorem ac familiam omnem remque domesticam e Frisia velle Mechliniam traducere, ejusque rei gratia in Frisiam jam ultro, ut speramus, visendam excursurum. Itaque te jam reducem esse opinor & stabiliisse rem apud nostros. Fortunatus tu quidem, cui cum matre optima, uxore, liberis, fratribus, sororibus, domi licet conquiescere, dum ego interim non modo per ignotas urbes, sed per inaccessa sarta, perque maria etiam continuo vagari longe a patria, uxore, parentibusque ac amicis cogor inter misle vitæ pericula. Intra dies, ut Cæsar proponit, V. aut VI. naves conscendemus, navigaturi Barchinonam: Precor ut Dominus Deus hanc navigationem nobis velit felicem esse: Quod si faciat, facile in posterum a similibus navigationibus me spero temperaturum. Neque nunc sponte navigo. Sed quiasalvo honore, quod ridiculi quidam faciunt, per Franciam ire non possum. Ergo quum aliter non licet, animosum me præbebo. ed boni ominis loco accipio nomen triemis nostræ, cui ego cum Domino de Grautvelle adscriptus sum, quod est Victoria: quanquam omnia cætera displicent, non remiges modo catenati, sed & ipsa triremis tota, ob id præcipue, quod locus ibi prope nullus est dormiendi, præterquam inter pediculosos adscriptitos; & pædorem intolerabilem. Hæc sunt aula commoda. Felicem Iohannem fratrem nostrum, qui post omnes has mi-
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CLARIS. AND MOST LEARNED. 386 I judge that it all depends on chiromancy. I am writing you nonsense, since I have nothing serious, nothing that concerns our affairs, or that is worth writing about. For here, and Caesar himself, we do nothing but dally. For already for the sixth or seventh day he has been refreshing himself with hunting, which is certainly most pleasant and abundant here, and so much so that he very often draws me into the woods whenever Caesar hastens there. Monsieur de Briarde (as I also indicated in other letters of mine to you) has been sent to the King of the Romans; and (I think) he will not be coming to you before five or six months, on account of the multitude and variety, and also the difficulty, of the business to be transacted with the King and the Princes of Germany. For I myself wrote his instructions. I am now fully restored in health, and the wound on my head, the story of which I recently wrote to you from Milan, has completely healed and formed a scar. This, it seems to everyone, is surprising, that it could have happened in so short a space of time, namely within sixteen days. But I have retained no ill effect from it, thanks be to God Most Good and Most Great, to whom I commend you, together with your wife and all ours. From Veglevena, a little town in the duchy of Milan, on the eighteenth day of March. cix ixi xxxiii. The day after tomorrow we are said to be setting out from here for Alexandria, and thence to Genoa or Savona, a port of the Ligurian Sea, and, as rumor has it, before Easter to cross over to Barcelona, where the Empress is to come. Farewell. EPISTLE LVI. TO EVERARD NICOLAI, GREETING. Nicolaus Nicolai. Mechelen. Most affectionate brother. I was greatly pleased by what I learned from your latest letters, that you wish to move your wife and whole household and domestic establishment from Frisia to Mechelen, and for that purpose, as we hope, you will now of your own accord make an excursion into Frisia to visit it. And so I think you are already returning and have settled the matter among us. Indeed fortunate are you, who may rest at home with your excellent mother, wife, children, brothers, and sisters, while I, meanwhile, am forced to wander continuously, not only through unknown cities, but through inaccessible roads and even across the seas, far from my homeland, wife, parents, and friends, amid the dangers of my wretched life. Within a few days, as Caesar proposes, we shall embark on five or six ships, intending to sail to Barcelona. I pray that the Lord God may wish this voyage to be fortunate for us; and if he does so, I hope easily in future to refrain from similar voyages. Nor do I sail now of my own accord. But because with honor preserved I cannot go through France, as certain ridiculous people do. Therefore, since there is no other way, I shall show myself courageous. I take it as a good omen that the name of our galley, on which I have been enrolled together with Monsieur de Grautvelle, is Victory; although everything else displeases me, not only the oarsmen in chains, but the galley itself, chiefly because there is almost no place there for sleeping, except among the louse-ridden enlisted men; and the unbearable stench. Such are the conveniences of a court. Happy our brother Johann, who after all these miseries...
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VINORUM EPISTOLE. 387 misericis in Hispaniam veniet nullo incommodo aut labore, victurus sine molestia. Sed quid queror? invocandus est mactato tauro Neptunus, ut paucis diebus faveat, dum transcurrimus: postea sæviat ut lubet. Est hic inter remiges quidam Episcopus, fuit &c nuper, ut ajunt quidam Cardinalis, qui dimissus est: quod ut intellexi, dubitavi an ad id alluserit Erasmus in dialogo quodam suo, cui Carontem titulum præfecit, ubi dicit, remigant & Episcopi & Cardinales, suam quisque vicem: certe alter egregie ac diu remigavit, alter adhuc remigat, una cum multis aliarum nationum hominibus, tum etiam nostratibus compturibus. Quæso ut me de singulis rebus tuis certiorem mox reddas, amicisque me commendes. Vale ex Genua. III. Aprilis. c13 13 xxxIII. stylo veteri. Cæsar, ut ipse adhuc hodie dixit, cras mane conscendet. Ego hæreo marine me concredam, an per Franciam proficiscar. EPISTOLA LVII. EVERARDO NICOLAI S. D. Nicolaus Nicolai. Mechliniam. Frater animo meo Clarissime. Tametsi Dilsi mei fama, non cæterarum modo virtutum, sed & absolutissimæ eruditionis nomine clara, nuper etiam non vulgari Cæsaris testimonio reddita illustrior, omnibusque jam olim longe notissima, tibi nequaquam possit esse incognita, præsertim qui & Erasminis in libris, quos frequentissimos in manibus habere soles, inter primarios ille viros celebretur: ac proinde ad incundam tecum amicitiam, nihil arbitrer meam ipsi commendationem esse necessariam: quippe qui usque adeo præbere tecuique probo difficilem ea in re non soleas, ut illorum expetere etiam atque ambire necessitudinem ultro ipse consueveris: Attamen quum ille hinc ad vos sine meis litteris abire nollet, sequet optaret commendari tibi, neutiquam sane potui, quod ipse sponte alioqui ultroque facere mecum jam constitueram, id longe optimo summeque amico homini denegare: Tum ne quid omnino amici causa recusasse viderer, tum etiam, quia illius propiorem notitiam multo omnium jucundissimam tibi futuram esse nihil addubitarem. Itaque de Dilso sic judicato, mi frater, dignissimum esse illum & tua, & bonorum omnium, qui ubique sunt, arctissima familiaritate firmissimaque amicitia. Ac quoniam ego a vobis hac mea peregrinatione una cum uxore ac fratre jam abreptus tum, illum tibi pro nobis omnibus substitui patiaris. Agniturus haud dubie permutatione ista non modo abunde compensatum esse tibi quicquid id est vel damni vel molestiæ, quod ex nostra hac longinqua ac diutina absentia accipere possis, verum insuper etiam debere te mihi quiddam longe maximum, ubi certius tibi ille ac propius occæperit esse notus. Nihil enim aliud dicturus sum in præsentia: ne vere diligentior hæc commendatio oratioque mea prolixior, quam nihil aliud nisi propensissimus erga illum & vere syncerus animus ita protendit, fuci nescio quid aut supervacuæ habere curæ videatur. Nam alioqui neque tu ignoras frater, Ccc 2
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VINORUM EPISTOLE. 387 with the merciful, he will come to Spain without inconvenience or hardship, and will live without trouble. But why do I complain? Neptune must be invoked with a bull sacrificed, so that for a few days he may favor us while we cross over; afterward let him rage as he wishes. There is here among the rowers a certain bishop, or rather, as some say, a recently released cardinal, which when I understood I doubted whether Erasmus was alluding to it in one of his dialogues, which he entitled Charon, where he says that both bishops and cardinals row, each in his turn; certainly the one has rowed splendidly and for a long time, the other is still rowing, together with many men of other nations, and also with many of our own countrymen. I ask that you quickly inform me about each of your affairs, and commend me to your friends. Farewell from Genoa, April 3, in the old style. Caesar, as he himself said today, will board tomorrow morning. I am at a loss whether to commit myself to the sea or to travel through France. EPISTLE LVII. TO EVERARD NICHOLAS, GREETINGS. Nicolaus Nicolai. To Mechelen. Most distinguished brother of my heart. Although the fame of my Dils, not only for the rest of his virtues, but also for the name of most perfect learning, recently made even more illustrious by no ordinary testimony of Caesar, and long ago already very widely known to all, can by no means be unknown to you—especially since, in Erasmus’s books, which you are accustomed to have most often in your hands, he is celebrated among the foremost men—therefore I do not think that any recommendation of mine is necessary to make him known to you and to win your pleasant friendship. For you are not wont to be so difficult in this matter as to refuse readily to associate with any good man; indeed, you are accustomed of your own accord to seek and covet such intimacy. Yet since he did not wish to depart from here to you without letters from me, and wished to be commended to you, I certainly could not deny to such a most excellent and most friendly man what I had already resolved of my own free will and of my own accord to do with him. I also did so lest I should seem to have refused anything at all for a friend’s sake, and also because I had no doubt that this more intimate acquaintance of his would be most agreeable to you of all things. Therefore, my brother, judge Dils to be most worthy of your, and of all good men’s, who are everywhere, closest familiarity and firmest friendship. And since by this travel of mine I have been carried away from you together with my wife and brother, allow him to stand in our stead for all of us. You will doubtless acknowledge by this exchange that whatever loss or inconvenience may befall you from this long and prolonged absence of ours is not only more than sufficiently compensated, but that you even owe me something far greater, once he has become more certainly and more closely known to you. For I shall say nothing else at present, lest this recommendation and speech of mine, longer than is proper, should seem to have something artificial or superfluous about it, whereas it is drawn out only by the most favorable and truly sincere feeling toward him. Otherwise, brother, you do not ignore Ccc 2
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388 CLARIS ET DOCTISSIM. ter, veritatis orationem esse quam simplicissimam, & ego illud certissimo scio; Dilsum se tibi vel pauculorum dierum consuetudine exactius longe atque efficacius esse commendaturum, quam ullius oratio vel vehementissima, nedum calamushic meus, ut aliis in rebus omnibus infans, ita hic pro illius dignitate omnium infantissimus ac prope mutus, possit. Illius orationem panegyricam videbis, & laudabis. Non addam nunc ego meum judicium, quoniam Cæsar bene de illa præjudicavit, auctore in celeberrima nobilium ac Senatorum frequentia in equestrem ordinem honorificentissime transscripto. Vale & his ipsis simulque aliis meis literis responde. E Barchinona Cataloniæ pridie Calendas Junias. CICIDXXXIII.
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388. MOST FAMOUS AND LEARNED. For the rest, that the language of truth is the simplest, I know this most certainly; and I know, too, that Dilsum, by the acquaintance of only a few days, will commend himself to you far more exactly and effectively than any speech, however vehement, let alone this pen of mine, which, as in all other matters it is speechless, so here, in comparison with his dignity, is the most speechless of all and almost mute, can possibly do. You will see his panegyric speech, and you will praise it. I shall not now add my own judgment, since Caesar has already passed a favorable one on it, the author having been most honorably transferred to the equestrian order in the most celebrated assembly of nobles and senators. Farewell, and reply to this as well as to my other letters. From Barcelona in Catalonia, on the day before the Kalends of June, 1533.
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CLAUDII SARRAVII Senatoris Parisiensis EPISTOLÆ EX BIBLIOTHECA GUDIANA AVCTIORES.
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Claude Sarrau Senator of Paris Letters from the Guiana Library Augmented.
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SACRÆ MAJESTATI SERENISSIMÆ CHRISTINÆ SUEDIÆ REGINÆ S IBI qui ad Reges aditum student patefacere, PRINCEPS SERENISSIMA, morem hunc fere plerumque habent, ut si quibus illos muneribus venerari decreverint, ea potissimum conquirant, quæ tantæ dignitatis, & quam omnes post Deum illum omnium moderatorem, primam agnoscant, fastigio non indigna videantur. Quid autem eos facere par est, qui non aliquem e vulgo principum adire statuerunt, sed præclarum aliquod ingenium, & ad omnia summa factum, & infra cujus magnitudinem totum illud regalis opulentiæ choragium sit? Heroinam aliquam, cui regiæ dignitatis fines visi sint angustiores, quam ut iis contineatur? Te, inquam, ipsam CHRISTINA PRINCEPS AUGUSTISSIMA, quæ tanto supra cæteros Reges evecta es, quanto illi quemlibet e populo dignitate sua superant? Mihi certe veterem superiorum sæculo-rum memoriam repetenti, & eorum, qui olim imperio relicto sibi vixerunt, exempla colligenti, nemo prorsus videtur jure tecum posse comparari. Quid enim, quæso, tibi cum iis commune sit, qui magnam partem meri tyranni fuerint: atque adeo, si Dionysius ille Siculus, mirus hac in re artifex, audiendus est, non satis prudenter fecisse videantur, qui cum tyrannide noluerint sepeliri? Itaque multi etiamnum dubitant, an se dignum fecerit Sylla, cum A 2
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TO THE SACRED MAJESTY THE MOST SERENE CHRISTINA QUEEN OF SWEDEN Those who strive to gain access to kings, Most Serene Princess, usually have this custom: if they have resolved to honor them with gifts, they especially seek such things as may seem not unworthy of a rank so great, and of one which all acknowledge, next after God that ruler of all, to be the first. But what ought those to do who have determined not to approach some ordinary prince from the crowd, but some illustrious mind, formed for every lofty thing, and beneath whose greatness the whole pageantry of royal splendor lies? Some heroine, for whom the bounds of royal dignity seem narrower than that they can contain her? You, I say, most august Princess CHRISTINA, who have been raised so far above the other kings as they surpass any person of the common sort in dignity? For my part, certainly, as I recall the memory of former centuries, and gather the examples of those who once, having renounced empire, lived for themselves, no one at all seems, by right, able to be compared with you. For what, I ask, have you in common with those who were for the most part mere tyrants; and indeed, if that famous Sicilian Dionysius, a master in this matter, is to be heard, seem not to have acted wisely enough, who were unwilling to be buried with tyranny? And so many still doubt whether Sulla made himself worthy, when
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cum suam illam Dictaturam, fatalem Romanæ Libertati pestem, deposuit. Certe a nonnullis propterea NESCISSE LITTERAS dictus est; qui cum justissimo omnium flagraret odio, in eum tamen locum descendit, qui nemini nisi innocenti tutus esse debebat. Nam Augustus ipse, tanti præceptoris discipulus (quod Satyrice olim, sed vere tamen scriptum est) quia de relinquenda dominatione tantum cogitaret, hodieque culpatur. In nonnullis vero aliis ingenium crudele & efferum, atque odii conscientia fecere, ut ex hominum conspectu in hortos ac villas suas concesserint, ibi ut ignobili otio consenescerent. Alii porro, iique satis multi, idem consilium sequuti sunt, quod animum diuturnis laboribus fractum, vel luxu & deliciis, aut etiam senecta ætate debilitatum, tanto rerum ponderi sustinendo imparem esse sentirent. Alii denique quod rem tam arduam, quæque varios & ancipites eventus sæpe habuit, haud satis perpendissent, adeo præclarum consilium ceperant quidem, sed illud, cum summo suo periculo, turpi deinde pænitentia mutarunt. In te autem, SERENISSIMA PRINCEPS, quid tale? Nam, si ab ultima rerum origine veterum monumenta revolvantur, quando erit ut liceat Reginam aliquam reperire, quæ cum a bellicosissimo parente transmissum haberet imperium, illudque integra atque incorrupta justitia administraret, ardentissima in se populorum suorum haberet studia; singulari meliorum litterarum cognitione esset expolita; nil unquam in suos crude- liter, nil iracunde fecisset; egregia forma esset atque ætate integra; acerrimo ingenio, vegetis animi & corporis sensibus, (quæ omnia in Te summa sunt, SERENISSIMA PRINCEPS,) Quando, inquam, reperire licebit Reginam aliquam, quæ cum tot & tanta a natura, & artium præclararum cognitione, adjumenta haberet, regni ornamenta neglexerit?
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when he laid down that very Dictatorship of his, the fatal plague of Roman Liberty. Certainly, for that reason he was said by some to have “known no letters”; though he, burning with the most just hatred of all men, nevertheless descended to a place that ought to have been safe for no one except the innocent. For Augustus himself, the disciple of so great a teacher (as was once written satirically, yet truly), because he thought only of abandoning dominion, is even today blamed. But in some others a cruel and savage disposition, together with the consciousness of hatred, caused them to withdraw from the sight of men into their gardens and country villas, there to grow old in obscure idleness. Others, again, and indeed quite a number, followed the same plan because they felt that a mind broken by long labors, or weakened by luxury and delights, or even by the age of old age, was unequal to bearing so great a burden of affairs. Others, finally, because they had not sufficiently considered a matter so difficult, and one that often had various and uncertain outcomes, had indeed adopted a very splendid plan, but then, at the greatest peril to themselves, changed it afterward in shameful repentance. But in your case, MOST SERENE PRINCESS, what such thing is there? For if the ancient monuments are turned over from the earliest origin of affairs, when will it be possible to find some Queen who, having received her empire from a most warlike father, and administering it with uncorrupted and unimpaired justice, possessed the most ardent loyalty of her peoples; who was adorned with a singular knowledge of the better arts; who never acted cruelly toward her own subjects, never in anger; who was of distinguished beauty and in the bloom of youth; of sharp intellect, with vigorous powers of mind and body—(all of which things are supreme in You, MOST SERENE PRINCESS)—when, I say, will it be possible to find some Queen who, though she had so many and so great advantages from nature and from the knowledge of the noble arts, neglected the adornments of her kingdom?
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rit? Nimirum Tu una post innumerabilem annorum seriem exorta es, quæ perspiceres quam male conveniat & Diademati & Sceptro cum animi tranquillitate & vera vita. Recle Tu quidem ac sapienter animadvertisti, nos non Reipublicæ tantum, sed nobis potissimum valere & vivere debere; neque belluæ isti multorum capitum populo bonos principes perpetuo mancipari. Vidisti scilicet fieri vix posse, his moribus, ut Reges patriæ parentes esse possint, quod tu velles. Hoc præterea agnovisti, Reges, qui sibi liberrimi omnium videantur, exiguo tamen mundi limite claudi, neque ipsis ferme e finibus egredi licere, nisi ut aliis bella, clades & luctuosam funerum materiam importent. Itaque adeo quid aliud supersit, nisi ut, quod olim a prudentissimo principe dictum fuit, REGIA DIGNITAS SERVITUS GLORIOSA HABEATUR? Quid quod, ut bodie vivitur, vix est, ut ingenua fides, sincerusque ille fortis animi candor cum regia dignitate possint sociari? Unde & aliquot abhinc annis, & vere, & ut sublimi illo animo tuo dignum erat, dixisti, REGIIS VOLUNTATIBUS NON SEMPER TUTO CREDI. Quæ omnia si quis maturo judicio, non autem vulgi temeritate ponderarit, næ ille, approbantibus universis, qui unquam extiterunt, Sapientibus, pro vero affirmare poterit, nunc illud esse, cum REGVM REGINA vocari debes. Quem titulum non urbes, non castra; non satrapiæ, & reguli subditi tibi, ut olim Persarum & Parthorum regibus, proprium faciunt, sed, quod miseræ ambitioni prorsus incredibile videatur, regni contemptus: qui omnibus mortalibus ostendit, quam excellens ille tuus animus sit, quam poene Deus, cum ea pro levibus ducas & Sapientis cura indignis, quæ cæteris hominibus tanta videntur, ut depecisci mortem non dubitent, modo ut A 3 tan-
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Will it be? Surely you alone, after an innumerable succession of years, have arisen, to perceive how ill agree Diadem and Sceptre with tranquility of mind and true life. You have indeed rightly and wisely observed that we ought to live not for the Commonwealth alone, but chiefly for ourselves; and that this beastly, many-headed populace should not be forever entrusted with good princes. You plainly saw that, under such customs, it is scarcely possible that kings should be the fathers of their country, as you would wish. You further acknowledged that kings, who seem to themselves the freest of all men, are nevertheless confined within a narrow boundary of the world, and are scarcely allowed to step beyond their own frontiers, except to bring to others wars, disasters, and the mournful materials of funerals. And so, what remains but that, as was once said by a most prudent prince, KINGLY DIGNITY MUST BE CONSIDERED A GLORIOUS SERVITUDE? What of this, that in the way men live today, it is scarcely possible for ingenuous fidelity and that sincere, noble candor of mind to be joined with kingly dignity? Whence also, some years ago, and truly, and as was worthy of that lofty spirit of yours, you said, ONE MUST NOT ALWAYS TRUST KINGLY WILLS SAFELY. If anyone should weigh all these things with mature judgment, and not with the rashness of the crowd, he, with the approval of all the Wise who have ever existed, will be able to affirm as true that this now is that state in which you ought to be called THE QUEEN OF KINGS. This title is not made your own by cities, not by camps; not by satrapies and subjects subject to you, as once to the kings of the Persians and Parthians, but by something that may seem altogether incredible to miserable ambition: contempt for royalty. This shows all mortals how outstanding that spirit of yours is, how nearly divine, when you regard as trifles and as unworthy of a wise man’s care those things which seem so great to other men that they do not hesitate to barter away death itself, provided that...
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tantis ornamentis, tanto splendore ac gloria frui paulisper liceat. Verum quo me virtutis tuæ, SERENISSIMA PRINCEPS, admiratio rapuit, & repentinus perculsæ mentis impetus! Quæ enim a me sunt usque adhuc commemorata, quemadmodum non sine omnium & stupore & assensione dicta sunt, ita mihi nunc quidem, in primis obesse quis non videat? li enim omnes, qui ad te hinc illinc ex universo eruditorum orbe certatim in Suediam venerabundi antehac confluxerunt, Oratores, Poetæ, Philologi, Scientiarum Mathematicarum Professores, Theologi denique, atque adeo artium omnium chorus, illi, inquam, longe meliori conditione quam ego nunc sum, fuisse videntur. Nam & longe præstantiora ad te deferebant scripta, neque tunc supra Reginam eras: At nos, Parentis Epistolas dedicamus, Opus per se tenue; Et id a nobis fit ea potissimum tempestate, qua multo quam unquam alias, major facta es atque augustior, ac vere, ut Homerus diceret, ΠΠΑΤΗ KPEIONTΩN. Id etsi perquam est verissimum, PRINCEPS SERENISSIMA, a meo tamen consilio deterritus non sum, hac fretus fiducia, esse in te singularem animi bonitatem, mirabilem benignitatem, facilitatem denique prorsus incredibilem, qua supplicum pietatem non aspernaris. Qua in re illam, quam omnes jampridem agnoscunt, animi tui excellentiam atque magnitudinem facile probare vel ignotis posses. Ejus est, muneribus exiguis & grati animi testificatione se exorabilem præbere. Non enim semper sumptuosa hostia Divinum Numen placavit. Sæpe farre litatum est; sæpe lacte, aut thuris mica. Quid quod Libello nostro quiddam inserere necesse fuit, quod Tu, sat scio, non improbabis? Non amæbæas, quod quis fortasse suspicari possit, Literas CL. SALMASII, quem ultra Balthicum sinum paucis ante quam e vita decederet mensibus, & jam omnia mirari desisset, in- cre-
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for it may be permitted for a little while to enjoy such ornaments, such splendor and glory. But to what extent the admiration of your virtue, MOST SERENE PRINCESS, carried me away, and the sudden impulse of a mind struck with awe! For those things which I have so far mentioned, since they have been spoken not without the astonishment and assent of all, how could they now, especially, fail to stand against me? For all those who from here and there out of the whole world of the learned flocked zealously and reverently to Sweden before now—Orators, Poets, Philologists, Professors of the Mathematical Sciences, and finally Theologians, and indeed a chorus of all the arts—I say, they seem to have been in far better a condition than I now am. For they were bringing to you far more excellent writings, and then you were not above a Queen: but we dedicate the Letters of our Parent, a work slender in itself; and this we do at that very time when you have become much greater and more august than ever before, and truly, as Homer would say, ΠΠΑΤΗ KPEIONTΩΝ. Although this is most true, MOST SERENE PRINCESS, I have not been deterred from my purpose, relying on this confidence: that in you there is a singular goodness of mind, a marvelous kindness, and, finally, an utterly incredible approachability, by which you do not spurn the devotion of suppliants. In this matter you could easily demonstrate, even to those who do not know you, that excellence and greatness of spirit which all have long since recognized in you. It is the mark of greatness to show oneself open to influence by small gifts and a token of grateful feeling. For not always has a costly victim appeased the Divine Power. Often it has been propitiated with flour; often with milk, or with a crumb of incense. What of the fact that it was necessary to insert something into our little book which, I well know, you will not disapprove? Not the friendly letters, as someone might perhaps suspect, of Mr. SALMASIUS, whom, a few months before he departed from life beyond the Baltic gulf, and when he had already ceased to admire everything, in-
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credibilis virtutis tuæ contemplatio pertraxit? Non illas, inquam, non si quid fortasse aliud erit, quod cum legentium utilitate editum sit: Sed tuas SERENISSIMA PRINCEPS, Tuas, inquam, ipsius Epistolas, in quibus mirabuntur posteri, ad quos jam dudum non tua facta tantum, sed dicta scripta spectant omnia, mirabuntur, inquam, ut mittam cætera, lenem illam & inelaboratam sermonis nostri elegantiam, quæ vel summos Galliæ scriptores possit fallere. Itaque Libelli nostri partes cæteras ut improbes, hanc certe, quæ Tua sit, non potes non probare. Quod autem a me editæ sunt, hanc veniam primum meæ summæ in Parentem optimum pietati concedes; cujus gloriæ ingens ex illis cumulus accessit. Quem cum spirantem tanti feceris, ut ei sæpe victrice illa tua dextera scriberes; Quem extinctum luxeris; Sacrisque ejus Manibus hoc tribueris, ut Matrem obitu illius dolentem, in luctu ac squalore jacentem, scripta ad eam epistola erexeris ac recreaveris, non potui sine meo summo flagitio facere, ut tam illustre, tam gloriosum virtutis illius testimonium præterirem. Dein non sine meliorum sæculorum auctoritate atque exemplo fecisse me spero. Fuit enim hic mos apud veteres, ut clarissimorum Principum Epistolæ colligerentur; unde passim apud Scriptores qua Græcos qua Romanos, testimonia afferuntur ex Litteris Philippi, Alexandri, Eumenis, Cæsaris, atque aliorum, quos prætereo sciens; neque id haud dubie factitari desitum esset, nisi desiissent bene scribere Principes. His accedat hoc quoque: etsi mea in te pietas, & illa plane singularis veneratio, quæ mihi a Parente jure quodam hæreditario relicta est, consilium meum non tuerentur, at certe posterorum causa facere debui. Nolui quippe committere, ut cum tam luculentum domi cimelium haberem, illud ad se transmissum non fuisse jure queri possent. Hunc itaque Libellum propitia ac volens accipias, PRINCEPS AU-
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Did the contemplation of your credible virtue draw me on? Not those things, I say, not if there should perhaps be something else, published with the utility of readers in view: but your letters, MOST SERENE PRINCESS, your own letters, I say, in which posterity will marvel, for already for a long time now not your deeds only, but your sayings and writings, all are directed; they will marvel, I say, to say nothing of the rest, at that gentle and unstudied elegance of our style, which could even deceive the greatest writers of Gaul. And so, while you may disapprove of the other parts of our little book, at least this one, which is yours, you cannot but approve. As for the fact that they were published by me, in the first place you will grant me this indulgence because of my utmost piety toward the best of parents; to whose glory a great addition has accrued from them. When you thought him alive so highly that you often wrote to him with that victorious right hand of yours; when you lamented him dead; and to his sacred shades you granted this, that by a letter written to her you raised up and refreshed a mother grieving for his death, lying in mourning and squalor, I could not, without committing the greatest offense against myself, pass over so illustrious, so glorious a testimony of his virtue. Then, I hope, I have done so not without the authority and example of better ages. For among the ancients it was a custom that the letters of the most illustrious princes should be collected; whence everywhere among writers, both Greek and Roman, testimonies are cited from the letters of Philip, Alexander, Eumenes, Caesar, and others, whom I knowingly pass over; nor would that practice undoubtedly have ceased, if princes had not ceased to write well. Add to this also: even if my piety toward you, and that utterly singular reverence, which was left to me by my parent as though by a certain hereditary right, did not support my purpose, yet certainly for the sake of posterity I ought to do it. For I was unwilling to allow that, when I had at home so bright a treasure, they might justly complain that it had not been transmitted to them. Receive therefore this little book with favor and good will, PRINCESS AU-
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AUGUSTISSIMA, supplex precor, eumque tui nominis amplitudine ac splendore circumfulgentem in manus hominum venire sinas. Scio quidem illum tantæ tuæ gloriæ fastigio non satis convenire, neque satis multa in se habere, queis tuæ de se spei respondere possit: Verum si nulla alia re, at certe puro quodam & candido genere dicendi, varietate & novitate ipsa, quæ hominum animis solet adblandiri, eum tibi non injucundum fore confido: Tibique persuasurum, atque adeo omnibus, ad quos ex eo utilitas reditura est aliqua, nihil me unquam facturum enixius, quam ut æternum sim SACRÆ TUÆ MAJESTATI Lutetia Parisiorum Idibus Septembris CIC IXCLIV. Deditissimus atque devotissimus IS. SARRAVIUS. CL.
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Most August Majesty, I humbly pray that you will allow him, shining with the grandeur and splendor of your name, to come into the hands of men. I know indeed that he does not sufficiently befit the summit of your great glory, nor has he in himself enough with which he can answer to the hope you have of him: yet if in no other respect, at least by a certain pure and candid manner of speaking, and by the very variety and novelty, which is wont to soothe men’s minds, I trust that he will not be unpleasant to you: and will persuade you, and indeed all those to whom some benefit shall return from it, that I shall never do anything more earnestly than to be forever TO YOUR SACRED MAJESTY Paris, September 13, CIC IXCLIV. Your most devoted and dedicated servant, IS. SARRAVIUS. CL.
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CL. SARRAVII Senatoris Parisiensis EPITAPHIUM AUCTORE JACOBOPALMARIO AGRENTMESNILIO. Quisquis ades, adverte animum, Via- tor, intende oculos, te lapis alloqui- tur, oculis audiendus. Hic jacet CLAU- DIUS SARRAVIUS, imo CLAUDII SARRAVII quod fuit. Si non omnino a litteris alienus, si Musarum sacris ini- tiatus es, Viri nomen non ignoras, quem tota novit Europa, universa litteratorum respublica suspexit, & impense coluit. Is nobili prosapia oriundus, in Aqui- tania natus, optimi Patris cura litteris humanioribus, Philosophiæ, & Jurisprudentiæ studiis optime excul- tus, in ipsa suprema Rothomagensi curia purpuratus, tirocinium juris exercuit. Inde in amplissimum Sena- torum curiæ Parisiensis ordinem allectus, per XVI. an- nos jus dixit assidue, ubi & ingenii & morum specimen egregium identidem exhibuit, lenissima æquitate Summi juris austeritatem sæpissime temperans, malis artibus semper iratus, hominibus nunquam: quorum litibus componendis meliora vitæ momenta lubens impendebat: licet toto mentis impetu ad nobiliores li- teras B
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CL. SARRAVII Senatoris Parisiensis EPITAPH BY JACOBOPALMARIO AGRENTMESNILIO. Whoever you are who stand here, give heed in your mind, traveler, look closely; a stone speaks to you, to be heard with the eyes. Here lies CLAU- DIUS SARRAVIUS, or rather what CLAUDIUS SARRAVIUS was. If you are not wholly stranger to letters, if you have been initiated into the sacred rites of the Muses, you do not know the name of a man whom all Europe knew, whom the entire commonwealth of scholars admired and deeply cherished. Born of noble stock, born in Aqui- tania, by the care of an excellent father most admirably trained in humane letters, the studies of Philosophy, and Jurisprudence, he, adorned in the very supreme court of Rouen, practiced his apprenticeship in law. Thence, drawn into the most distinguished order of the Senate of the Parisian court, for sixteen years he administered justice assiduously, where he repeatedly displayed an outstanding example both of talent and of character, softening the severity of the highest law by the mildest equity most often, always angry at evil arts, never at men: for the settling of whose disputes he gladly devoted the better moments of life: though with the whole force of his mind he was drawn toward more noble letters B
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teras excolendas raperetur, quas in curarum solatium & animi relaxationem adhibebat quotidie. Sic inter bonos optimus: inter doctos doctissimus existimatus, & magnam & optimam famam bonis artibus assequutus est, litterarum heroibus ubique terrarum notus, & viris principibus; sed præcipue Serenissimæ CHRISTINÆ Suedorum Gothorum & Vandalorum Reginæ, virtute insita, & acri judicio, morum & alienæ virtutis justissimæ æstimatrici, merito carissimus. Talem virum bono publico, & nostri Sæculi gloriæ natum publice lugeri debere nemo negat. Igitur eum acutissimo morbo raptum luxere capita coronata, viri principes, cives & exteri: luget amplissimus ordo, lugent omnes boni, omnes litterati, totus Parnassi confessus, ubi feralibus cupressis obsitæ marcent laurus. In ejus denique funere Themis genas radit, comas lacerat, novem Musæ lesum canunt. At tu Viator, si quid justitiam, & bonas litteras, & piorum memoriam curas, sortem publicam luge, SARRAVIUM neluge: nam felix est. In Christo enim obiit Maji xxx. Anno Christo Dionysiano CIC. 10C. LI. Vale. CLAU-
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for cultivating lands he was drawn away, which he daily used as a solace for cares and a relaxation of the mind. Thus among the good, the best; among the learned, the most learned, he was esteemed, and by good arts he attained great and excellent fame, known to the heroes of letters everywhere in the world, and to leading men; but especially most dear to the Most Serene CHRISTINA, Queen of the Swedes, Goths, and Vandals, by innate virtue and keen judgment, a most just գնահատress of character and of another’s virtue, and deservedly very dear. Such a man, born for the public good and for the glory of our age, no one denies ought to be publicly mourned. Therefore, when he was snatched away by the sharpest illness, crowned heads mourned him, princes, citizens, and foreigners: the most distinguished order mourns, all good men mourn, all the learned mourn, all Parnassus is in mourning, where the laurels, covered with funereal cypresses, wither. At his funeral in the end Themis scratches her cheeks, tears her hair, and the nine Muses sing of the loss. But thou, O Traveler, if thou carest at all for justice, good letters, and the memory of the pious, mourn the public loss, do not mourn SARRAVIUS: for he is blessed. For in Christ he died on May 30, in the year of Christ according to Dionysius, CIC. 10C. LI. Farewell. CLAU-
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CLAUDEI SERRAVII Senatoris Parisiensis EPISTOLÆ. EPISTOLA I. CL. SARRAVIUS. Hugoni Grotio. Lutetiam. Onum virum Tresellium nostrum ad te proficisci cogitantem rogaveram, ne me inscio iter institueret. Verum apud Caletes aberam, Provinciali nostrarum Ecclesiarum Synodo delegatus mandato Regis , quando Lutetiam perrexit. Quod tunc itaque non licuit, modo breviter perstringam. Summa me cumulavit lætitia tuus in Galliam adventus, cum multis rationibus, tum hac maxime, quod amplissima ornatus dignitate te totum orbi exhibeas. Scilicet inter privatos excelsa tua virtus, majori digna theatro, latere diutius non poterat. Tu nunc apud Optim. Maxim. Regem, maxima Europæ negotia tuis consiliis promoves. Tecum Germanicus Atlas magnus Axelius, ingentes partitus curas habet a tua solertia solatium, quod frustra ab alio quovis expectasset. Utrique vestrum debere nos credimus, quod aperto Marte cum ventosis & insolentibus hujus regni perpetuis hostibus Hispanis bellum geramus; quod ut justum, ita & Deo acceptum, novissima de iis tropæa satis produnt. Faxit Deus exercituum ut bene cæpta feliciter procedant, & felicissime desinant. Te vero precor obtestorque, xvi nostri maximum decus, ut me cultorem & admiratorem tui præcipuum veteri & solita benevolentia prosequaris. Rothomagi III. Non. Jun. CIC 136 XXXV. EPISTOLA II. CL. SARRAVIUS. Ioanni Freinshemio. Argenierarum. M Agnam a me iniit gratiam Amplissimus Senator Marescotus noster, cum nudiustertius me rogaret, nunquid te vellem. Ex quo enim ejus beneficio B 2
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CLAUDE SERRA VIUS Senator of Paris LETTERS. LETTER I. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Hugo Grotius. At Paris. I had asked our good man Tresellius, who was thinking of setting out to you, not to undertake the journey without my knowledge. But I was away among the Caletes, delegated by mandate of the King to the Provincial Synod of our Churches, when he went to Paris. Since then, therefore, what then was not possible, I shall now briefly touch upon. Your arrival in France filled me with the greatest joy, both for many reasons and especially because, adorned with so great a dignity, you display yourself to the whole world. Certainly, your eminent virtue, worthy of a greater stage, could no longer remain hidden among private men. You now, with the Best and Greatest King, advance the greatest affairs of Europe by your counsels. With you the great Germanic Atlas, Axelius, shares his vast cares and finds in your shrewdness the comfort he would have sought in vain from anyone else. We believe that we owe to both of you the fact that we wage open war against the windy and overbearing perpetual enemies of this kingdom, the Spaniards; and as this war is just, so is it pleasing to God, as the latest trophies against them sufficiently show. May the God of hosts grant that what has been well begun may proceed happily and end most happily. And I pray and beseech you, the greatest glory of our age, to continue to me, your foremost admirer and devoted follower, your ancient and customary goodwill. Rouen, the 3rd day before the Nones of June, 136 CIC XXXV. LETTER II. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Ioannes Freinshemius. At Argenieras. The most illustrious Senator Marescot, our own man, won my great favor the day before yesterday, when he asked me whether I wished to see you. For from the benefit of his
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lutetiam. HAsce Notulas & Emendationes ad Statii Papinii Sylvas, cum adjunctis Epigrammatis, misit ad me Burdigala Peyraredus noster; ut ea tibi, Vir Illustrissime, censenda offerrem. Ea ego præsens presenti obtulissem lubens, ni veritus essem frequentiori aditione seria tua interpellare, sive otia sive negotia. Satius ergo duxi hæc tibi per famulum allegare, quæ quando vacabit, si tamen id tanti, pro tuo critico acumine expendes. Hanc meam subitaneam scriptionem æqui bonique consulas rogo precorque. Vale, Vir Magne, & vive diu quam felicissime. Lut. Paris. XVI. Junii c12. I xc. XXXIX. EPISTOLA IV. CL. SARRAVIUS Lutetiam. Ecce habes, Vir Illustrissime, doctissimi & diligentissimi Blondelli nostri schedas, ad Concilii Nicæni canonem sextum, operosas sane & luculentas. Postquam decretoriis armis egit cum Cardinali Perronio, de Suburbicariis Regionibus & Ecclesiis etiam ipsi res fuit, cum amicissimis Salmasio & Gothofredo; sed adeo modeste cum iis se gessit, ut neutrum vel appellaverit, vel ulla circumlocutione designaverit; solo veritatis studio rationes rationibus oppo-
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CL. SARRAVIUS To Lutetia. These notes and emendations on Statius Papinius’ Silvae , with the appended epigrams, were sent to me at Bordeaux by our Peyraredus, so that I might present them to you, Most Illustrious Sir, for your judgment. I would gladly have offered them to you in person, had I not feared to interrupt your serious occupations by too frequent visits, whether in leisure or in business. I therefore thought it better to send these to you by a servant, which, when you have time, if indeed they are worth so much, you will weigh with your critical acumen. I beg and pray that you will take this my hasty writing in good part. Farewell, great Sir, and live long and most happily. Paris, June 16, 1639. EPISTLE IV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Lutetia. Behold, Most Illustrious Sir, the papers of our most learned and most diligent Blondel, on the sixth canon of the Council of Nicaea, truly laborious and splendid. After he had fought a decisive battle with Cardinal Perron concerning the Suburbicarian Regions and Churches, he also had a matter with Salmasius and Gothofredus, his dearest friends; but he conducted himself with them so modestly that he neither mentioned the name of either nor designated them by any circumlocution; by the sole desire for truth, he opposed reasons to reasons oppo-
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EPISTOLA V. CL. S A R R A V I U S Iacobo Palmario aGrentmesnilio. Vandoperam. PEndeo animi, quid in eximia tua & vere aurea Epistola prius laudem. Adeo enim omnia exactissima diligentia, ut merito illud usurpem divini vatis, ; Sive enim advertam mentem ad summam humanitatem tuam, sive ad illud disquisitionis tuæ, de loco Polybiano, in qua mirus verborum delectus, mira rationum pondera; sive ad fiduciam tuam, qua audes pugnare duobus, necesse est me omnia ista tua suspicere. Præcipue tamen amorem erga me tuum amplector: solis laudibus, quibus me oneras, imparem me agnoscens. Absit enim adeo Suffenus ut siem, quin agnoscam eas omnino a benevolentia tua proficisci. De exercitatione tua super Calaubono & Livio paucis habe sententiam meam. Totus ego tuus cum illustrissimo Suconum Legato incomparabili Hug. Grotio, qui . O te beatum cui procul negotiis vacat hæc accurate exequi. Nobis non licet esse tam beatis, certe . Itaque noli expectare. Tu vero potes sæpiuscule eruditis hujusmodi fæculis laute nos excipere, quod ut facias etiam atque etiam rogo precorque. Eli- ges autem postea argumentum quodcunque libuerit: Sed patere semel tibi a me præscribi: Mitte cito quæso censuram tuam de loco Demosthenicæ Syngraphæ a Sam. Petito in Commentario ad Leges Atticas explicato. Quod postulo duabus de causis. Prima, quia quotidie expectamus Petitum huc venturum; & gratum erit mihi tuis armis instructo cum illo decertare: Altera, quia Salmasius postremis suis scribebat, se in suo no- vissimo Libro de Modo Usurarum, totum illud Petiti caput de Usuris Atticis perperam ab eo intellectis confutasse. Et juvabit videre quid illi præripueris. Dabis veniam meæ temeritati, cui locum facit incredibilis tua comitas. Bo- chardus ad vos rediit negotio ex animi sui sententia consecto pro se affinibusque suis, uti ab eo cognoscere potuisti. Stipulanti sponondit Diatribam de B 3 Para-
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EPISTLE V. CL. SARRAVIUS to Jacob Palmarius of Grentmesnil. From Vandoperam. I am at a loss to know what I should praise first in your excellent and truly golden letter. For everything is carried out with the utmost diligence, so that I may rightly apply to it the words of the divine poet: for whether I turn my mind to your supreme humanity, or to that inquiry of yours concerning the place in Polybius, in which there is a wonderful choice of words and a wonderful weight of arguments; or to your confidence, by which you dare to contend with two opponents, I must needs admire all these things in you. But above all I embrace your affection toward me: I acknowledge myself unequal to the praises with which you burden me. For far be it from me to be such a Suffenus as not to recognize that they proceed altogether from your goodwill. As for your exercise on Calaubonus and Livy, I shall briefly give my opinion. I am wholly yours, together with the most illustrious envoy of the Sucoi, the incomparable Hug. Grotius, who—O how blessed are you, who have leisure, free from business, to carry out these matters so carefully. It is not granted to us to be so fortunate, certainly. Therefore do not expect it. But you can, from time to time, graciously receive us with such scholarly fare, which I beg and pray you again and again to do. You may afterward choose whatever subject you please: but allow me once to prescribe one to you. Please send quickly your criticism of the passage in the Demosthenic Syngraphe explained by Sam. Petitus in his Commentary on the Attic Laws. I ask this for two reasons. First, because we are daily expecting Petitus to come here; and it will be pleasing to me, armed with your weapons, to contend with him. Second, because Salmasius wrote in his latest letter that, in his newest book On the Mode of Interest, he had completely refuted that whole chapter of Petitus on the Attic Interest, misunderstood by him. And it will be a pleasure to see what you have forestalled for him. You will pardon my boldness, to which your incredible kindness gives occasion. Bochardus has returned to you, having completed the business to his own satisfaction and to that of his relatives, as you were able to learn from him. On request, he promised a Diatribe on
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CL SARRAVIUS Paradiso terrestri, de qua fodes aurem velle. Launæus avunculus aliam poscire de Mandragoris. Cæterum pro tuis erga me meritis, accipe me totum, qui deinceps ulu & mancupio tuus. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parianorum XIV. Iul. CIC IDC XXXIX. EPISTOLA VI. CL. SARRAVIUS Hugoni Grotio. Lutetiam. M[anu]itto, Vir Illustrissime, quas pollicitus sum Blondelli nostri Observationes ad secundum canonem Concilii CP. Qui tot tantaque hujus viri legisti, necesse est te hanc adhuc , ut cognoscere possis, num ille par sibi, & respondeant ultima primis. Hic enim est finis prioris partis de Primatu. Secundam quæ de Conciliorum convocatione, in iisque & de Appellationibus, inchoabit postquam paululum respiraverit; sed lingua, si me audiet, Latina. Noli autem has chartas mihi remittere sine tuis miniaturis ceris. Habeo a Salmasio literas, ipsis Calendis Iuliis scriptas; quibus video immotumque ejus animo sedere consilium dispungendi Notas Heinsianas ad N. T. ipsum vero Heinsium vocat Vetus idolum Academiæ Leydensis, quod vix ac ne vix quidem possit . Vale, Vir Maxime, nosque, qui te sine modo colimus, amamus, velis Lut. Paris. XV. Iul. CIC. IDC. XXXIX. EPISTOLA VII. CL. SARRAVIUS. Hugoni Grotio. Lutetiam. M[anu] Agni illius Pauli Veneti aliquot Epistolas nactus, Vir Illustrissime, rem tibi non ingratam facturum me existimavi, si eas tibi legendas offerrem. Scriptæ sunt ad nostrum Philippum Mornayum, uriusque Palladis, ut nosti, studiosum. Videbis, his auctoribus primum foedus initum inter Batavos tuos & Adriatici Pelagi regnatores. Sed quanto zelo reparationis divinæ domus uterque flagrabat? Num admota manu invocabant Dominum? Perficiat tandem opus suum . Interpellat iterum Peyraredus; Statiumque, sed jam totum, ad partes vocat. Vale, Vir Illustrissime, mihique plurimis nominibus colendissime. Lutet. Paris. XXVII. Iul. CIC IDC XXXIX. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Paradisi terrestris, of which you asked to have your ear, would wish. Launæus, my uncle, asks another thing from the Mandragoras. But for your merits toward me, accept me wholly, who from now on am yours in life and property. Farewell, and continue to love me. At Paris, 14 July 1639. EPISTLE VI. CL. SARRAVIUS To Hugo Grotius. At Paris. I send by hand, most illustrious sir, the Observations of our Blondell, which I promised, on the second canon of the Council of Constantinople. Whoever has read so many and so great things of this man, must need to read this one also, so that you may know whether it is worthy of him, and whether the last answers to the first. For this is the end of the earlier part on Primacy. The second, which will treat of the convocation of Councils, and in them also of Appeals, he will begin after he has taken a little breathing space; but in Latin, if he will listen to me. Do not, however, send these papers back to me without your miniatures in wax. I have letters from Salmasius, written on the very Kalends of July; from which I see his purpose fixed and unmoved to refute Heinsius’s Notes on the New Testament. He calls Heinsius himself the old idol of the Leiden Academy, which he can scarcely, and hardly even scarcely, be able to do. Farewell, most excellent sir, and may you continue to regard and love us, who without limit honor and love you. At Paris, 15 July 1639. EPISTLE VII. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Hugo Grotius. At Paris. Having obtained several letters of that Agni of Paul of Venice, most illustrious sir, I thought I would do you a not unwelcome service if I offered them for you to read. They are written to our Philip Mornay, a lover, as you know, of both Pallases. You will see, from these authors, the first alliance made between your Batavians and the rulers of the Adriatic Sea. But with what zeal did each burn for the restoring of the divine house! Did they call upon the Lord when they laid hand to the work? May He at last bring His own work to completion. Peyraredus interrupts again; and he calls Statius, now in full, to his parts. Farewell, most illustrious sir, and to me in many ways most worthy of honor. At Paris, 27 July 1639. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 15 EPISTOLA VIII. CL. SARRAVIUS. Iacobo Palmario a Grentmesnilio. Vandoperam. Alteram tuam Epistolam, prioris plane geminam germanamque, parique Alegantia & eruditionis sale conditam reddidit nudiustertius amicissimus noster Vallea. In ea Quam lepida , composita ut tesserula, omnes Arte, pavimento atque emblemate vermiculato. Amoenitatem ingenii tui, verborum vocumque copiam, certe non possum satis mirari. Si jam audet congredi Petitus, spondeo ipsum ad te deductum iri victum, vinculumque . Pusillum suique no- minis virum eum præstabo, ni submisso se gerat. Quam vellem rependere Non eadem arboribus pendet vindemia nostris. Gratiam itaque quam referre , habeo, unde, quæ tua est huma- nitas, abunde tibi factum iri confido. Nescio qui fiat, ut in tuis de Bo- chardo . Eum ego virum Neustriæ vestræ, heu quondam meæ, Cla- rissimum jubar appellare soleo. Non agat modo mecum eo jure municipali quo vos, homines alioqui fidelissimi, vulgo male auditis. Me enim quod at- tinet, promissorum memorem experietur. Vale , & nos ama- re perge, qui te in oculis ferimus, literariisque istis lautitiis semper nos bea. Lut. Paris. IV. Non. Aug. c13 dC XXXIX. EPISTOLA IX. CL. SARRAVIUS Vincentio Fabricio. Bituriges. Ego quidem, Mi Fabrici, te primum visum mihi ex Salmasii commen- datitiis ambabus sum amplexus, in animum meum admissi: Quod autem nunc te impense coloque & amo, & inter nos amici- tia coalescit, id ingentibus tuis meritis, & benevolentiæ erga me tuæ acce- ptum fero: nihil enim est in me, quo te demereri potuerim; nisi forte can- didam & apertam vereque Gallicam, præfiscini dixerim, mentem meam, Ger- manicis tuis suavissimis moribus sociare voluisti: Unde me tibi obnoxium cum agnoscam, me totum meaque omnia ecce dedo. Abs te enim omnis virtu- tis & eruditionis candidato cognosci, magno honori cedit, diligi, gaudio. Legi cum voluptate quos misisti ; quibus tu sociulque tuus homines humanissimi, Bituriges jam vestros excusatum itis, quod nullo se- pulchri titulo, Cujacii cineres sint dignati. Carmen aliud tuum de Bibliothe- ca Thuana, cujus spem facis, avidissime expeto: Ita, quicquid calcaveris, id
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EPISTLES. 15 EPISTLE VIII. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Iacobus Palmarius a Grentmesnilio. Vandoperam. The other letter of yours, quite a twin and true sister of the former, and seasoned with equal elegance and the salt of learning, was returned the day before yesterday by our most excellent friend Vallea. In it How neat, how set together like a little mosaic, all things With art, and with a floor and inlaid emblem. I cannot admire enough the charm of your wit, and the abundance of your words and expressions. If now Petitus dares to come to grips, I promise that he will be brought to you defeated and bound. I shall prove him a little man of his own name, unless he behaves with humility. How I wish to repay Not on the same trees hangs the vintage of our lands. So I have the thanks to return, from which, by your kindness, I trust that you will be fully satisfied. I do not know how it happens that in your remarks on Bochardus. I am accustomed to call that man, the very illustrious star of your Neustria, alas once mine too, by name. Let him not deal with me by that municipal right whereby you, men otherwise most faithful, are commonly ill spoken of. For as far as I am concerned, he will find me mindful of promises. Farewell, and continue to love us, who bear you in our eyes, and who are always made happy by those literary delicacies of yours. Paris, 4th day before the Nones of August, 1639. EPISTLE IX. CL. SARRAVIUS To Vincentius Fabricius. Bituriges. Indeed, my Fabricius, when I first saw you, I embraced you into my heart on the strength of both of Salmasius’s letters of recommendation. But that I now greatly esteem and love you, and that friendship is growing between us, I attribute to your great merits and to your goodwill toward me; for there is nothing in me by which I could have deserved your favor, unless perhaps you wished to associate my candid and open—and truly Gallic, if I may say so without reserve—mind with your sweetest German manners. Since I recognize myself to be beholden to you, behold, I surrender myself and all that is mine to you. For to be known by you, a candidate for all virtue and learning, is a great honor; to be loved, a joy. I have read with pleasure those things you sent, by which you and your friend, most humane men, now excuse the men of Bituriges, because they have honored the ashes of Cujacius with no sepulchral inscription. I eagerly await that other poem of yours on the Thuanian Library, of which you hold out hope: thus, whatever you tread upon, that
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id rosa fiet. Cæterum cave credas, te apud Illustrissimum Grotium mea aut alterius cujusquam egere opera, ut quam de te concepit opinionem retineat, & augeat. Novi enim apprime quanti te faciat ille vere Magnus. Quod alii frustra tentaverant, ipse sibi tandem persuasit, nempe opera sua hic edere. Initium faciet a libris de jure B. ac P. quos, exemplis ex historiis, præsertim recentioribus, petitis longe fecit auctiores. Sequentur postea Veritas Religionis Christianæ cum testimoniis luculentis & appositis. Tum demum Notæ in Novum Testamentum, & Historia Belgica prodibunt: Frustra ab hæredibus suis gloriam expectaret, quam ipse sibi sæculoque suo invidisset. A Leydensibus Curatoribus in Cunæi locum possitur Iacobus Gothofredus Dionysii filius, qui Genevæ olim magna cum laude Iurisprudentiam professus, postea in urbis Senatum cooptatus est: quare vereor ut Academicum suggestum velit denuo concendere. Heinsius suas in N. T. Notas in publicum prodire passus est. Noluit Salmasius extremam manum imponere Præfationi libri sui de Modo Usurarum, donec eas vidisset: vult enim istas Notas serius ocius notare. Vale. Lut. Par. xxix. Aug. c13 d1c xxxix. EPISTOLAX. CL. SARRAVIUS Vincentio Fabrico. Sancerras. Quare relictis Biturigibus, Sancerras te receperis, quod a Puteano nuper intellexi, valde aveo ex te cognoscere. Vereor enim ut te hospite satis dignum sit illud castrum: Hoc enim, non alio nomine, eas dignatur Sigebertus. Sed quid istic tibi est cum loco sola sua fame famoso? Quin potius redis in urbem? Habemus enim unde te laute & opipare excipiamus. Apponemus primum Exercitationum in N. T. libros viginti, illas scilicet Incomparabilis Herois, qui Sæculi Phoenix, literarum unum decus & columnen, (ita enim Heinsium velle sua plenis & distentis buccis laudari docet Salmasius in eximia Præfatione De Modo Usurarum, quæ tibi erit probellariis) Ecce unde abunde te satiem. Si tamen adeo sis fastidiosus ut acidi aliquid recreando stomacho postules, dabit Gronovius noster Elenchum Antidiatribes Emerici Crucei, in quo miser ille crucarius miris vapulat & torquetur modis. Nihil mihi dudum lectum est amoenius hoc postremo amici nostri opere, quod jam sub prælo sudat. Et sane is est, quipossit cum erudissimis ad æternam aspirare gloriam: parum dixi, quidni enim & de palma contendere? O te beatum tanto pupulari & amico. Ego certe utrique vestrum innotuisse, in maxima felicitatis meæ parte repono. Vale Vir Clarissime & Amicissime. Lutetiæ Paris. xv. Nov. c13 d1c. xxxix. EPI-
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...will be found in roses. Moreover, do not believe that at the home of the most illustrious Grotius my help, or that of anyone else, is needed so that he may retain and increase the opinion he has formed of you. For I know very well how highly that truly Great man esteems you. What others had tried in vain, he has at last convinced himself to do, namely, to publish his works here. He will begin with the books On the law of B. and P., which he has made much fuller by means of examples drawn from histories, especially more recent ones. After that will follow The Truth of the Christian Religion, with lucid and appropriate testimonies. Then at last will appear the Notes on the New Testament and the Belgian History. It would be in vain for him to expect glory from his heirs, glory which he himself had denied both to himself and to his age. At Leiden, Jacobus Gothofredus, son of Dionysius, will be placed by the Curators in the seat of Cunæus; he who formerly taught jurisprudence at Geneva with great distinction, and was later admitted to the city senate: for which reason I fear that he will be unwilling to cede the academic chair again. Heinsius has allowed his Notes on the New Testament to be brought out in public. Salmasius did not wish to put the finishing touch to the Preface of his book On the Mode of Usury until he had seen them: for he intends sooner or later to criticize those Notes. Farewell. Paris, 29 August 1639. EPISTLES. CL. SARRAVIUS to Vincentio Fabrico. Sancerras. Why you have left the Bituriges and taken up residence at Sancerras, as I recently learned from Puteanus, I am greatly eager to know from you. For I fear that that fortress is not sufficiently worthy to host you: for, and by no other name, Sigebert deems it worthy of that. But what have you to do there with a place famous only for its mere notoriety? Why not rather return to the city? For we have wherewith to receive you in a handsome and abundant manner. First we shall set before you twenty books of the Exercitationes on the New Testament, namely those of the Incomparable Hero, who is the Phoenix of the age, the single ornament and pillar of learning, (for thus Salmasius teaches, in his excellent Preface On the Mode of Usury, which will be to you among the provocatives) — behold, from these I shall abundantly satisfy you. But if you are so fastidious that you ask for something tart to revive your appetite, our Grotius will give you the Elenchus of Emeric Cruce's Antidiatribe, in which that poor cruciarius is beaten and tortured in wondrous ways. Nothing more pleasing than this latest work of our friend, which is now sweating under the press, have I read for a long time. And indeed he is one who can aspire with the most learned men to everlasting glory: I have said too little; why should he not contend for the palm as well? O fortunate you, with so great a crowd and friend. I certainly count it a very great part of my happiness that I have become known to each of you. Farewell, most illustrious and most friendly Sir. Paris, 15 November 1639. EPI-
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EPISTOLA. EPISTOLA XI. CL. SARRAVIUS. Frederico Gronovio. Lutetiam. Quomodo cesserit tibi hesternum iter ad CL. Heraldum, & an aliquas, an multas Casauboni Epistolas domum reportaveris, scribe quæso, &c si ullas, mitte. Vides tuum Heinsium misere angi de Parentis sui existima- tione & honore: quæ, si verum fateri volumus, a Salmasio in summum di- scrimen adducuntur? Vereor ne ad extrema res deveniat. Quantumvis acer- be Satyræ responderi poterit ab adversario; sed heus tu quid fustibus? Num qui ita se tuetur, ad incitas redactum se profitetur? Estne hoc consilium bo- ni viri, estne hoc Christiani? An ejus qui Novo Testamento novissime tra- ctando, commentando, edoceri debuit (certe potuit) de eo qui ? Scirem libens ad quod Sacrarum Exercitationum caput istud referret. Apage tam sceleratum facinus; quod si in ejus animo resedit, certe Heinsius tuus, nullius erit apud me, nec apud bonos & graves, pretii. Mollius dixi; illum sane probi omnes abominabuntur. Ad filii quæstionem de Opere paterno quid sentiant in Gallia viri docti, poteris inter cætera ex veris respondere, omnes ex animo dolere, quod tam acerbe infectatus sit Clarissi- mum Bezam, cujus eximii pro vera Ecclesia exantlati labores increbantur, ut, si quid ei humanitus accidisset, mitius cum eo ageretur. Exorietur, procul- dubio, ex ejus ossibus aliquis ultor, qui Exercitatori Batavo Rhadamanthi dixamor reponet, & tunc non sibi dictum, sed responsum putet. Vale Lut. Par. prid. Idus Decemb. c[uius] I[anu]C XXXIX. EPISTOLA XII. CL. SARRAVIUS. Frederico Gronovio. Lutetiam. Quæ solvam tibi , pro nunciato gratissimo Fabricii nostri ad- ventu? Ergo nobis redditum est tam carum caput, tam optatum; Ve- rum quid nobis? quandoquidem proximum tuum discessum etiam scribis; adeo semper solliciti aliquid lætis intervenit. Sed unde tam subitæ profectionis consilium? nondum enim e Batavia tabellarius, qui post duos demum dies est adventurus. Non omnis saltem moriar te abeunte, & aliqua pars mei Libitinam vitabit, si modo hiemem in urbe transigat popularis ille tuus. Mi- ror Heraldum cæterosque adeo sibi blandiri, ut non cognoscant ex Casauboni amicitia, orbi publicata, magnum suis laudibus cumulum ac- cessurum. Quod ab iis pene convicio polcimus & efflagitamus, ipsi debe- rent nobis obtrudere: forsan ubi nolemus, volent ultro. Certum est tamen ab eo aliquid extorquere. Quod me in partem tui laboris asciscere volueris C so-
Transcription: Translated (English)
EPISTLE. EPISTLE XI. Mr. SARRAVIUS. To Frederick Gronovius. At Paris. Please write and tell me how your journey yesterday to Mr. Herald turned out, and whether you brought back home some, or many, of Casaubon’s letters; if any, send them. You see your Heinsius miserably distressed about the reputation and honor of his father: and, if we are willing to speak truthfully, these are being brought by Salmasius into the greatest danger. I fear the matter may come to the worst. However bitterly one may be able to answer satire with satire, but come now, what about blows? Does one who defends himself in that way confess that he has been driven to straits? Is this the counsel of a good man, is this the counsel of a Christian? Or of one who, while most recently handling and commenting on the New Testament, should have been instructed, if not taught, concerning that man who...? I should like to know to what chapter of the Sacred Exercises this matter is to be referred. Away with such a wicked deed; but if this has lodged in his mind, then certainly your Heinsius will be of no value in my eyes, nor in the eyes of good and serious men. I have spoken more mildly; indeed all upright men will abhor him. As to the son’s question, regarding the father’s work, what learned men in France think, you can answer, among other true things, that all grieve from the heart that the most illustrious Beza, whose outstanding labors for the true Church were multiplied, has been so harshly assailed, that, had anything human befallen him, he would have been treated more gently. Without doubt some avenger will arise from his bones, who will repay the Dutch disputant with the Rhadamanthine punishment, and then he will think that it was not to himself that it was said, but that he has received his answer. Farewell. Paris, the day before the Ides of December, 1639. EPISTLE XII. Mr. SARRAVIUS. To Frederick Gronovius. At Paris. What shall I say in return for the most welcome announcement of the arrival of our Fabricius? So our dear head has been restored to us, so long desired! But what use is that to us, since you write also of your own imminent departure? Thus, whenever there is joy, something anxious always intervenes. But what prompted such a sudden journey? For there is not yet a messenger from Batavia, who is only to arrive after two days. At least I shall not wholly die when you depart, and some part of me will escape Libitina, if only that compatriot of yours spends the winter in the city. I am astonished that Herald and the others flatter themselves so much as not to realize that, from Casaubon’s friendship, made public to the world, a great addition will accrue to their praises. What we almost demand from them as if by reproach and insistence, they ought to thrust upon us of their own accord; perhaps where we do not want it, they will offer it eagerly. Nevertheless, it is certain that something is to be wrung from him. That you wished to associate me in part with your labor, C so-
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18 CL. S A R R A V I I socium, magno me devinxisti beneficio. Quam potui diligentissime mandata tua executus sum: An ex animi tui sententia, inspice & operi tuo bene cedet. Credo enim adhuc nonnulla pumice egere: Sed secunda cura castigatiora omnia præstabo: amplam enim hic segetem errorum demessui. Remittat ergo typothetes circa undecimam: ad quam me in palatinum pistrinum dedo. Vale [n]o[n] [con]s[crip]tio Lut. Par. Idib. Decemb. c15. 1 xc. xxxix. E P I S T O L A XIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Alexandro Moro. Genevam. Ego vero neque te insimulo, neque mei immemorem magis esse puto, quam ego sum tui. Exilui tamen gaudio ad amicam manum, & quam profiteris tui erga me amoris constantiam, legi magna cum voluptate. Verum consc[ient]iæ egomet mihi tenuitatis meæ, istas, quibus me ornas, laudes deinceps quæso seponas. Summa sane perfusus sum lætitia, ubi accepi te in ea urbe fixisse pedem, quam purioris Reformationis Metropolim appellare soleo: camque palæstram nactum, in qua eximium tuum ingenium se jactet, & solidam veramque consequatur gloriam. Tot inter magnos viros, non poteris non esse magnus. Tantum excole sollicite raras illas dotes, quibus te ornavit, & cumulavit summus ille [n]o[n] [con]v[er]tam [n]o[n] [con]v[er]tab[us] d[icitu]r[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] 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[n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [
Transcription: Translated (English)
18 CL. SARRAVII to my friend, you have bound me to you by a great kindness. I have carried out your instructions as diligently as I could: whether it will turn out to your satisfaction, inspect it, and it will go well with your work. For I believe that there is still need of some pumice: but on a second review I shall make everything more polished; for here I have reaped a wide harvest of errors. Let the printer therefore send it back about the eleventh hour, by which time I commit myself to the palatine bakery. Farewell. [n]o[n] [con]s[crip]tio Lut. Par. Idib. Decemb. c15. 1 xc. xxxix. EPISTLE XIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Alexander Morus. Geneva. Indeed I neither accuse you, nor do I think you more forgetful of me than I am of you. Yet I leapt for joy at your friendly letter, and I read with great pleasure the constancy of the love which you profess toward me. But in truth, in the consciousness of my own insufficiency, I beg you henceforth to lay aside those praises with which you adorn me. I was certainly filled with the greatest delight when I learned that you had planted your foot in that city which I am accustomed to call the metropolis of the purer Reformation; and that you had found a training-ground in which your outstanding mind may display itself and win solid and true glory. Among so many great men, you cannot but be great. Only cultivate carefully those rare gifts with which that supreme [n]o[n] [con]v[er]tam [n]o[n] [con]v[er]tab[us] d[icitu]r[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n] [con]v[er]t[um] [n]o[n]
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EPISTOLAÆ. 19 eo præter aliorum sententiam sic expositum, ut in eo secure acquiescas. Si legisti Præfationem De Modo Usurarum, rem non adeo factu difficilem videris. His te præludere decet auspiciis, non Hesychio, non Æschylo. Ad tua tamen quæsita sic habe: Ante quadraginta annos ille Hein- sius, magnæ tunc, quam non implevit, spei adolescens, totum se esse prædi- cabat in Hesychio adornando: ejusque editionem, ut opus confectum puta- res, proxime sequentibus scilicet nundinis, ut moriserat, pollicebatur. Cre- dibile est illum eam provinciam Nicolao filio dudum demandasse. Sed nunc hic tantum cogitat de Ovidio emaculando: itaque occupa: Dignus enim Grammaticorum ille Juppiter, in quo tua deludet industria: tum quia multa ha- bet peregrina, quæ non sunt cuivis obvia, tum quia tot tantisque scatet lectio- num monstris, ut in his debellandis non possis existimare operam tuam male positam. Omnes certe linguæ Græcæ studiosos isto labore tibi devinxeris. Æschylus MS. extat aliquis in Bibliotheca vere Regia: sed ex ea libri non egre- diuntur nisi magno paratu. Magnus Grotius hic quartum recudit aureum libel- lum De Veritate Religionis Christianæ, cui adjunxit amplam testimoniorum segetem; quibus quæcunque in fidei nostræ commendationem a veteribus, Ethnicis præsertim, scripta sunt continentur, opus quantivis pretii. Sequen- tur brevi Notæ in quatuor Euangelia. Milleterius pergit desipere: Imo fu- rere Æνολοις μανίας. Urbem libellis parvis, pravis, , obscuris, & inficetis replet. Omnino , & serius aut citius meretricem adorabit. Gronovius Elenchum edit adversus Cruceum, quo suam ad Statii Sylvas Diattibam it vindicatum. Heraldus post diuturnum, id est viginti septem annorum silentium, veteres suas chartas, amicis obvorto collo trahentibus, excussit; unde prodibit post aliquot menses De Rerum Iudicatarum Autoritate satis amplus Commentarius. Pergit Fabrotus in le- gendis & explicandis Basilicis; quæ post vicennalia ajunt mature demum pro- ditura. Si tuis commodis prodesse possim, dic & factum puta. Summati- bus illis Diodato, Gothofredo & Spanhemio, quæso plurimam a me salutem. Vale. Lut. Par. xxvi. Dec. 13. 13. xxxix. EPISTOLA XIV. CL. SARRAVIUS. Iacobo Palmario a Grentmesnilio. Vandoperam. Debentur tibi , . Vicisti quippe inclytam victoriam, Ovæio πος πιαίς. In loco Petiti de Demosthenica Androclis syngrapha vidit errorem Salmasius, non pervidit, quamvis proxime accesserit. Existi- mavit enim locum esse in Bosporo Thracio : & quod mireris, autores scilicet locupletes habet suæ sententiæ an potius erroris? Harpocrationem & Suidam. Sed istis Glossographis non esse temere credendum jam pridem do- cti monuerunt. Neque etiam nomen istius loci intellexit Scylacis Caryan- densis C 2
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EPISTLE. 19 this passage, explained in that way contrary to the opinion of others, so that you may rest securely in it. If you have read the Preface On the Method of Interest, you will have seen that the matter is not so difficult to accomplish. It is fitting for you to take your first steps under these auspices, not with Hesychius, not with Aeschylus. As to your question, however, here is the answer: Forty years ago that Heinsius, then a young man of great, though unrealized, promise, proclaimed that he was wholly occupied in preparing Hesychius; and he promised his edition, as though the work were already finished, at the next fair, as was his custom. It is credible that he long ago assigned that task to his son Nicolaus. But now this latter thinks only of emending Ovid; so hurry up. For he is worthy of being the Jupiter of grammarians, in whom your industry will have its sport: both because he has many foreign things that are not familiar to everyone, and because his reading is full of so many and such monstrous errors that, in combating them, you cannot think your efforts ill spent. Certainly you will attach to yourself all students of the Greek language by that labor. There is an MS. of Aeschylus in the Royal Library itself; but books do not go out from there except with great preparation. The great Grotius here republished for the fourth time the golden little book On the Truth of the Christian Religion, to which he added a large harvest of testimonies; it contains whatever has been written by the ancients, especially the pagans, in commendation of our faith, a work of the highest value. Brief Notes on the Four Gospels will soon follow. Milleterius continues to act foolishly; nay, he rages with ἔννοοις μανίας. He fills the city with little books, bad, obscure, and tasteless. He will certainly, sooner or later, adore the courtesan. Gronovius is publishing an Elenchus against Cruceus, by which he seeks to vindicate his Diatribe on Statius’ Sylvae. Heraldes, after a long silence—that is, twenty-seven years—has shaken out his old papers, his friends dragging him by the turned neck; from this will come, after some months, a rather ample Commentary On the Authority of Things Judged. Fabrotus continues in reading and explaining the Basilika, which, they say, after twenty years, will at last finally appear. If I can be of service to your interests, say the word and consider it done. Give my warmest regards to those great men, Diodatus, Gothofredus, and Spanheim. Farewell. Paris, Dec. 13, 1626. 39. EPISTLE XIV. TO CL. SARRAVIUS. From Jacobo Palmario a Grentmesnilio. Vandoperam. I owe you . You have won a glorious victory, Ovæio πος πιαίς. In Petitus’ passage on the Demosthenic bond of Androcles, Salmasius saw the error, but did not perceive it, although he came very close. For he thought the passage concerned the Thracian Bosporus; and, what is surprising, he had authorities, namely, weighty ones, for his opinion—or rather for his error: Harpocration and Suidas. But learned men have long warned that one must not trust such glossographers rashly. Nor did he understand the name of that place either, in Scylax of Caryanda C 2
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20 CL. S A R R A V I I densis novissimus interpres, Isaacus Vossius, magni Gerardi filius: Vertit enim e[ss]e iep[er] ad fanum, deinde a[utem] iep[er] a fano. De errore modeste monui & locos tuos addidi: ille vero nihil ad ista rescripsit: sed qui potuisset? in sinu gaude. Numquid habes amplum tui laboris præmium? Heinsius post Præfationem Salmasiano libro præfixam mutire non audet, quamvis in ea to- tus quantus cubet. Si Cadomum, ut puto, quietum est, quare silet Bochar- tus, nec stat promissis? Ei a me ni, grave est, multam salutem. Vale &c me ama. XXVII. Decembr. CIC. IXC. XXXIX. E P I S T O L A XV. CL. S A R R A V I U S Hugoni Grotio. Lutetiam. E[rgo]ce iterum Blondellus, est tibi sæpe legendus. Aggreditur amplam & luculentam materiam De Conciliis; quatenus ex illis vel in illis Pon- tifex Romanus primatum sibi arrogat. Quando vacabit inspicies, & acri perpensa judicio scribes. Non enim is est amicus noster cui sit . Interrogaveram Bochartum Cadomensem De lingua Novi Te- stamenti Hellenistica: responsum ejus vides, quo plane tecum sentit. Ego certe non invitus in posterum vobis accedam, donec alius meliora & certio- ra attulerit: quamvis magno meo incommodo, Novum Foedus deinceps nisi meticulose sua lingua non sim lecturus. Verum . Addidi elegan- tissimi Fabricii carmen, quod, quia me amas, cum voluptate leges. Vale Vir Illustrissime. Lut. Par. Id. Ian CIC. IXC. XL. E P I S T O L A XVI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Frederico Gronovio. Andegavum. Verum fatebor, Vir Amicissime, a discessu tuo, inter insomnia mea nul- lus mihi visus est Gronovius. Sed totos quantos dies animo obversatus est meo; nec etiamnum eum desiderare cesso. Ex binis tamen tuis aliquan- tulum recreor, qui videam me non ei penitus excidisse: nec sane id unquam formidavi; adeo ejus in fide & amicitia constantia mihi est perspecta. Cer- te donec resciverim te salvum Andegavum advenisse, sollicito timore non carui. Nescio autem quo malo meo fato factum sit, ut tantum post trede- cim dies tuæ litteræ mihi redditæ sint, quas post tres habere debebam. Iter feliciter cessisse gaudeo, & aliquam te nactum quietem tum tua causa, quia poteris facilius & cum otio tractare literas, tum etiam mea; quia sæpius fiam certior de tua valetudine, & amore erga me tuo. De tui Elenchi perfecta editione gratulor tibi. Additamenta serius venerunt, quam ut suis locis in- seri potuerint: itaque inter errata ad calcem operis rejecta sunt, ne tibi opera periret.
Transcription: Translated (English)
20 CL. SARRAVII the latest interpreter of Densis, Isaacus Vossius, son of the great Gerard: for he translates it as e[ss]e iep[er] ad fanum, then a[utem] iep[er] a fano. I modestly pointed out the error and added your passages; but he wrote nothing back on these matters: but how could he have? Rejoice in your heart. Do you have a great reward for your labor? Heinsius, after the Preface prefixed to Salmasius’ book, does not dare to mutter, although in it the whole man lies there. If Caen, as I think, is quiet, why is Bochart silent, and does he not stand by his promises? From me to him, if you please, a hearty greeting. Farewell, etc.; love me. 27 December, 1639. EPISTLE XV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Hugo Grotius. Paris. Therefore, again, Blondellus is a man for you to read often. He takes up a large and brilliant subject, On Councils; insofar as, from them or in them, the Roman Pontiff arrogates primacy to himself. When you have time, inspect it, and write with a sharp, considered judgment. For he is not our friend who should be . I had asked Bochart of Caen about The Hellenistic Language of the New Testament: you see his reply, in which he plainly agrees with you. Certainly I myself shall not unwillingly join you in the future, until someone else brings better and more certain things: although to my great inconvenience, I shall hereafter read the New Covenant only cautiously in its own language. However . I have added the very elegant poem of Fabricius, which, because you love me, you will read with pleasure. Farewell, Most Illustrious Sir. Paris, the Ides of January, 1640. EPISTLE XVI. CL. SARRAVIUS To Frederico Gronovio. Angers. But I shall confess, dearest friend, that since your departure, among my dreams no Gronovius has appeared to me. Yet for whole days he has been present to my mind; nor do I cease even now to long for him. Nevertheless, from your two letters I am somewhat reassured, since I see that I have not been wholly forgotten by you: nor indeed did I ever fear that; so firmly have I been convinced of your constancy in fidelity and friendship. Certainly until I had learned that you had safely arrived at Angers, I was not free from anxious fear. But I do not know by what unhappy fate it has happened to me that your letters were delivered to me only after thirteen days, though I ought to have had them after three. I rejoice that your journey has gone well, and that you have obtained some rest, both for your own sake, since you will be able to handle letters more easily and at leisure, and also for mine; because I shall more often be informed of your health and of your love toward me. I congratulate you on the complete publication of your Index. The additions came too late to be inserted in their proper places; so they were thrown in among the errata at the end of the work, so that your labor should not be lost.
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EPISTOLÆ. 21 periret. Fabricius noster versum addidit elegantem & , licet brevem. Itaque ejus amori non tuæ postulationi cum imputabis, ut & solidam emendationem typographicam. Da veniam, Amice, ego tibi vacare non potui, coactus continuo adesse fratri, quem Deus magna plaga tetigit. Uxorem ejus ad se recepit vix annos viginti duos natam, forma eximiam, moribus supra ætatem firmis & castigatis, pietate & prudentia senili præditam. Qua fortitudine calcaverit omnia terrena, qua in Christum fiducia suis se exuerit peccatis, quam siccis oculis, marito, liberis, familiæ, mihi valedixerit, taxit Deus nunquam obliviscar, ut de ejus novissimis sæpe cogitantem me quoque par maneat exitus. Habes hic Epistolas a Salmasio & Nicolao Heintio. Binas ego accepi ab Hercule nostro Gallico. Prioribus inter cætera laudat, nedum damnat, temeritatem meam, qua aliquot verba delevi in ejus ad te edita jam Epistola. Immo vellet, inquit, ut totam induxissem, utpote properantius exaratam, dum promissi memor tibi morem gerit. Posterioribus prolixis, ideoque gratissimis, ostendit quomodo , qui aqua intercute laborat: nec si valeret, is esset, qui vellet cum ipso hanc serram reciprocare. Nihil ab Imperatore, qui licet purum putum sit mancipium Heinsii, tamen se nuperrime inviserit, posteaque amicum communem miserit, quo fidem daret de sincera amicitia secum incunda. Itaque omnino necesse erit Batavo Exercitatori se contemptu vindicare, vel alium quærere optionem. Quæ de Antecessore Florente, Amyraldo, Cappello, Piterio narras, non erant inaudita: Sed noli eorum amicitiam, quam tua tibi conciliavere merita, mihi adscribere. Immo honori summo mihi cedit a te cognosci. Etiam me immortalitate donasti, quando in Opere novissimo mentionem mei adeo honorificam fecisti, ut præ pudore sanguinem suffuderis. Profecto nisi veritus essem amicitia nostra luculentum testimonium repudiare, offensionemque tuum incurrere, nonnulla tua verba delecta, deleta fuissent a me. Vale, & me ama tuum . Lut. Par. Idib. Ian. c13. 1 xc. xl. EPISTOLA XVII. CL. SARRAV IUS. Samueli Petitio. Nomansum, Ea sunt tua in Rempublicam Literariam & Ecclesiam merita, ea pro Etraque consilia, ut sanctos conatus tuos debeamus omnes juvare & promovere. Ego certe equidem in his, qui te doctrinamque tuam eximiam colunt & suspiciunt, nomen profiteor meum . Egi cum amplissimo Senatore mihique amicissuno Petavio, ut MS. Iosephi codicem tibi impetrarem. C 3 Ille
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EPISTLES. 21 would perish. Our Fabricius added a graceful verse, though a short one. Therefore you will attribute it, not to your request, but to his affection, as well as to a sound typographical correction. Forgive me, my friend; I could not be free for you, being forced to attend continuously to my brother, whom God has struck with a great blow. His wife he received to himself, hardly twenty-two years old, of excellent beauty, in conduct beyond her years steadfast and chaste, endowed with a piety and prudence beyond her age. With what fortitude she trod underfoot all earthly things, with what trust in Christ she put off her sins, with what dry eyes she bade farewell to husband, children, and household, may God never let me forget; so that, often thinking of her last hours, I too may await a like end. Here you have the Letters from Salmasius and Nicolaus Heinsius. I have received two from our Hercules in France. In the earlier, among other things, he praises, rather than condemns, my boldness, by which I erased a few words in the Letter to you already published. Indeed, he would prefer, he says, that I had included the whole thing, since it had been written rather hastily, while faithfully carrying out his promise to you. In the later letter, long, and therefore most welcome, he shows how, one who suffers from dropsy: nor, if he were well, would he be one who would wish to cross swords with him in return. Nothing from the Emperor, who, although he is pure and simple a pawn of Heinsius, nevertheless recently paid him a visit, and afterwards sent a mutual friend, by whom he might give assurance of his sincere friendship to be cultivated with him. Therefore it will be altogether necessary for the Dutch trainer to vindicate himself by contempt, or else seek another option. What you relate concerning Florent, Amyraldus, Cappellus, and Pithius, was not unheard of; but do not assign to me that friendship, which your merits have won for you. Rather, it redounds to my highest honor that I am known by you. You have even bestowed immortality on me, when in your latest work you made mention of me so honorably that, in shame, you would have blushed. Indeed, unless I had feared to reject a splendid testimony of our friendship, and to incur your offense, certain words of yours, marked out and deleted, would have been removed by me. Farewell, and love me as your own. Paris, the Ides of January, 1630. EPISTLE XVII. TO CL. SARRAVIUS. To Samuel Petit. Nomansum, Such are your merits toward the Republic of Letters and the Church, and such your counsels for both, that we all ought to aid and promote your holy endeavors. I certainly, among those who cherish and admire you and your outstanding learning, profess my name. I spoke with the most distinguished Senator, and with my very dear friend Petavius, that I might obtain for you the MS. codex of Josephus. C 3 He
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CL. SARRAVIUS. Jacobo Palmario a Gretnmesnilio. Tres omnino accepi a te literas, tu jam nunc a me quatuor; non est ita- que quod mihi facias . Certe ut aliis vitiis tenear, de ne- gligentia hujusmodi facile absolvor: nec enim in rescribendo soleo esse . Cæterum cum cogito de hujus Provinciæ statu, tum quem mihi de- scribis, tum quem ipse præsens cognosco, cogor ire in lacrymas, quæ mihi pe- ne singulis momentis effluunt. Invitum certe me huc adactum esse scias, vir amicissime, sciant boni omnes, quibus nomine tenus notus sum. Sed habui parere necesse: ita vivitur sub regno. Quoties per urbem ambulo, cerno plu- rimas ædes suis dominis, amplissimis Senatoribus, viris probis & bene circa Regem
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CL. SARRAVIUS. To Jacob Palmarius from Gretnmesnilium. I have received three letters from you altogether, and now you have four from me; so there is nothing that you can complain of in that regard. Certainly, though I may be held to other faults, I am easily excused for negligence of this kind: for I am not accustomed to be prompt in replying. But when I reflect on the condition of this Province, both as you describe it to me and as I myself now know it from being present, I am compelled to burst into tears, which almost every moment flow from me. You may certainly know that I was brought here against my will, most friendly sir; let all good men know it too, to whom I am known only by name. But I had to obey: thus one lives under a monarchy. Whenever I walk through the city, I see many houses belonging to their masters, most eminent Senators, upright men, and well-disposed toward the King
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EPISTOLÆ. 23 Regem & Regnum animatis, destitutas, Mene oportuit in Veterum Col- legarum meorum locum suffici? Utinam quam habui in hac civitate stationem numquam deseruissem! hunc saltem inde fructum colligerem, quod ea nunc abessem, & cum centum præclaris Senatoribus honestum exilium exularem; & me solarer innocentia conscientia. Sed inter injurias ira Principis annu- meranda est. Punior hic ego, qui non dicor deliquisse. Uno sane die plus vixi quam oportuit: eo nempe, quo huc delegatus sum; ubi ego non miles quotidie excitor truci classico. Mitius feram hunc meum dolorem, si te sci- vero mihi condolere, & tua caussa hic aliquid possim; quod, amabo te, mo- neas. Procul a libris meis noli expectare a me aliquid literarium: non enim habeo in numerato, unde tibi satisfaciam & tuis quæsitis respondeam. Sane quod tu in seria meditatione non pervidisti, qui ego semipaganus inter ar- ma explicem? Languet animus, languet stylus, ipsa etiam manus scribere re- fugit; nec ego bene mei compos. Erige me venusta & eleganti scriptione, quam te mihi benigne impertiri non pigueat. Vale. Rothomagi in hospitio Sciuri. Prid. Cal. Febr. C13 IC XL. EPISTOLA XIX. CL. SARRAVIUS. Vincentio Fabri[us]io. Aureliam. Eri & hodie unam & alteram a te accepi Epistolam, Dilectissime Fabri- ci. Prior debuerat mihi tempestivius reddi: si enim ante quindecim dies, quando hic erat Cancellarius, fuissem ab amico tuo compellatus, ejus confe- ctum fuisset negotium. Jam vero expectandus est ejus reditus Lutetiam, qui vix ante Paschales ferias sperandus est. Ejusmodi enim Concessiones Regiæ, corroborandæ sunt Magno, ut vocatur, Sigillo, quod perpetuo apud Cancellarium cubat. Postquam fuerit reversus, istam rem agam, ac diligenter. Hic ego misere crucior. Qui aliter? procul a te, procul a Libris meis, sine qui- bus omnis mihi vita acerba. Procul a magnis illis amicis nostris, sine qui- bus nus possib[us] alicuior[um]. Vale. Roth. XXI. Feb. C13 IC XL. EPISTOLA XX. CL. SARRAVIUS. Frederico Gronovio. Anderavum. Quid me querelis exanimas tuis, Amicorum Suavissime. Accusemus uterque malum fatum nostrum, cujus inclementia factum est, ut gravis fasciculus meus ad te non pervenerit. Ejus jacturam pene inconsolabiliter lu- geo. Sic undecunque coacervati luctus animum crudeliter afficiunt. Resci- visti proculdubio de Parlamento Neustriæ omni sua functione interdicto. Cen- tum & amplius Iudices Lutetiæ Regia jussa expectant, dum ex nostro Parisien- si
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EPISTLES. 23 Was I not bound to fill the place of my former colleagues, who had been taken away, when the King and the Kingdom summoned me? Would that I had never abandoned the post I once held in this city! At least I should draw this profit from it, that I might now be absent from there, and should live in honorable exile with a hundred distinguished Senators; and my innocence would console me in conscience. But among injuries must be counted the Prince’s anger. I am punished here, though I am not said to have done wrong. Truly I have lived one day more than I ought: namely, that day on which I was assigned hither; here, unlike a soldier, I am every day roused by the harsh trumpet-call. I shall bear this sorrow more mildly if I know that you sympathize with me, and that on your account I may still be of some use here; which, I beg you, please advise me. Far from my books, do not expect anything literary from me: for I have not at hand what I might use to satisfy you and answer your questions. Surely what you did not perceive in serious meditation—how should I, half a pagan, unfold it amid arms? My mind is dull, my pen is dull, even my hand refuses to write; nor am I in full possession of myself. Raise me up with a graceful and elegant letter, which I hope you will not refuse kindly to send me. Farewell. At Rouen, at the inn of the Squirrel. The day before the Calends of February, 1640. EPISTLE XIX. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Vincentius Fabrius. At Orléans. Yesterday and today I received one and another letter from you, dearest Fabricius. The former should have been delivered to me more promptly: for if, fifteen days ago, when the Chancellor was here, I had been addressed by your friend, his business would have been completed. But now his return to Paris must be awaited, and that can scarcely be hoped for before the Easter holidays. For such Royal Grants must be confirmed by the Great Seal, as it is called, which lies perpetually with the Chancellor. After he has returned, I shall attend to the matter, and carefully. Here I am miserably tormented. How else? Far from you, far from my books, without which all life is bitter to me. Far from those great friends of ours, without whom there is scarcely any life possible for anyone. Farewell. Rouen, the 21st of February, 1640. EPISTLE XX. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Frederic Grotius. At Anderavum. Why do you wear me out with your complaints, most delightful of friends? Let us both accuse our unlucky fate, whose harshness has caused my heavy parcel not to reach you. I mourn its loss almost inconsolably. Thus sorrows heaped up from every side cruelly afflict the spirit. You have no doubt heard that the Parliament of Neustria has been deprived of all its functions. More than a hundred judges at Paris are awaiting the King’s orders, while from our Parisian
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CL. SARRAVIUS si Senatu Sexdecim huc delegati, an relegati? sunt qui eorum vices implerent: Eos inter hic ego sedeo non sine magno aniuni mei mærore, qui coactus fui invitissimus veterum Collegarum meorum, præstantissimorum virorum, locum occupare; procul a Lutetianis deliciis, fori insanis jurgiis misere distrahor. Si tamen valere te, & me semper abs te, amicorum purpura, amari intellexero, non parum inde recreabor. Vale XXII. Feb. C13 ICX XI. EPISTOLA XXI. CL. SARRAVIUS Hugoni Grotio. Lutetiam. Quod mei olim beatam, nunc lacrymabilem sub oram semoti, adeo oblitus non sis, Vir Illustrissime, ut volueris inter primos, imo ut ais primum esse aurei tui libri lectorem, non potuit non esse jucundissimum. Mihi certe summo honori cedit, a te totius eruditionis sacræ & prophanæ Coryphæo, cognosci & amari: quod quoties cogito, id autem usu venit s pissime, facere non possum, quin toties prorumpam in eximiæ humanitatis tuæ laudes. Cum enim me meis intueor oculis, sentio nihil esse in me, quod tuam possit allicere benevolentiam: nisi forsan animum erga te meum aspicis, qui sane, & in hoc liceat gloriari, non magnus tantum, sed summus. Grates itaque ago gratissimas de tanto tuo munere: in quo effecit tuus hic postremus labor, ut doctrinam cum pietate conjunctam haberemus. Consuluisti nimirum sæculi vitio, cujus palato ipsa pietas per se vix sapit. Sed quod tam immensam testimoniorum segetem collegeris, constet inde necesse est, Christi gloriam tuo semper animo obversari: cum tot tantaque, quæ aliorum sagaces oculos effugerant, sancta tua diligentia & industria crueris. Faxit ô dulop ut diu supersis, omnibus bonis cumulatus: Sanctumque tuum propositum absolvas, Novum Testamentum perpetuis tuis Annotatis explicatum excudendi, sæpius recudendum. Me, rogo te, Vir Illustrissime, inter nominis tui cultores præcipuos censere perge. Vale. Roth. Idib. Mart. C13 ICX XL. EPISTOLA XXII. CL. SARRAVIUS. Vincentio Fabricio. Estruriges. Noli credere, Suavissime Fabrici, quidquam mihi potuisse gratius accidere tuis postremis. Tum quia ex illis intellexi, te, coelum licet sæpius mutantem, animo tamen esse erga me constantissimo: tum quia me beasti nuncio illo recuperati mei ad Gronovium nostrum fasciculi; quem amissum auro contra redemptum voluissem. Nihil habeo quod rependam pro tam insigni beneficio. Ipse exige quod libebit jure tuo, nihil negabo, & me reperies acceptæ gratiæ gratum & memorem. Quod a me consilium quæris, de
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CL. SARRAVIUS whether delegated hither by the Senate of the Sixteen, or rather relegated? there are those who would fill their place: Among them I sit here not without great sorrow of mind, I who have been compelled, most unwillingly, to occupy the place of my former colleagues, men of the highest worth; far from the delights of Paris, I am miserably torn by the mad quarrels of the forum. If, however, I shall learn that you are well, and that I am always loved by you, the purple of my friends, I shall be greatly refreshed by it. Farewell. 22 Feb. C13 ICX XI. EPISTLE XXI. CL. SARRAVIUS To Hugo Grotius. At Paris. That you have not so far forgotten me, most illustrious sir, who was once happy on my side of the world, but now withdrawn under a tearful shore, as to have wished to be among the first, indeed, as you say, the very first reader of your golden book, could not but be most pleasing. It is certainly to my highest honor that I should be known and loved by you, the leader of all sacred and secular learning; and whenever I think of this, which happens very often, I cannot help breaking forth into praises of your singular humanity. For when I look upon myself with my own eyes, I feel that there is nothing in me that could attract your goodwill: unless perhaps you regard my mind toward you, which indeed, if I may boast of this too, is not only great, but very great. Therefore I give you the most grateful thanks for so great a gift of yours: in which this last labor of yours has brought it about that we have doctrine joined with piety. You have indeed provided against the fault of the age, for to its palate piety itself scarcely has any savor by itself. But since you have gathered so vast a harvest of testimonies, it must follow that the glory of Christ is always before your mind; since with your holy diligence and industry you have drawn forth so many and such great things as had escaped the keen eyes of others. May he grant, O dulop , that you may long survive, loaded with every blessing, and bring to completion your holy purpose of publishing the New Testament explained by your perpetual annotations, to be printed again and again. Pray, most illustrious sir, continue to count me among the chief worshippers of your name. Farewell. Rotterdam, the Ides of March, C13 ICX XL. EPISTLE XXII. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Vincent Fabricius. Estruriges. Do not believe, most gracious Fabricius, that anything could have happened to me more welcome than your last letter. Both because from it I understood that you, though you often change your sky, are nevertheless of the most constant mind toward me; and because you made me happy with the news that my little packet to our Gronovius had been recovered—a packet which I would rather have had redeemed even against gold than lost. I have nothing with which to repay so great a favor. You yourself set the terms as you please, by your right, I shall refuse nothing, and you will find me grateful and mindful of the favor received. As for the advice you ask of me, to
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EPISTOLÆ. 25 de carmine circa Bibliothecam Thuanam, humanitati tuæ id acceptum fero. Tu hujus Sæculi Poetarum facile Princeps, cujusquam consiliis, nedum mei, si egere te putas, næ tu tibi es ignotus. Ut libere tamen, quando ita vis, apud te sententiam meam promam, malim prosam & vorsam orationem sejungere, quam modo hac, modo illa scribere. Quicquid historicum tantum erit & metri leges aut numeros non patietur, Præfationis vice poterit præmitti, ut Musis sua illibata & integra Sacra serventur. Perfice quæso illud opus, quocunque libuerit modo: certe sollicitius aliquid desiderasse aut expectasse me non memini. Cæterum ægerrime fero, omnem fere tuam per Gallias peregrinationem tibi absumi in isto Bituricense tractu. Verum ferendum est, quia cogitare te ulteriora, vetat socii adversa valetudo: tuam ut Superi tibi firmam semper præstent enixe ab illis contendo. Scribebat nuper Salmasius tabularium quemdam adversus se Apologiam edidisse pro Manibus Cunxi, quos queritur ab ipso violatos. Addebat tibi propter parentis obitum necesse esse in Galliam venire, & hac, quod anxie rogaveram, se transiturum. Quanto autem gaudio perfundar, cum ibo in ejus amplexus? Ego scilicet ante Magnas illas Parisienses Animas, sanctum illud caputadorabo, Ut mos est meus, applicabo collum, Iucundum os, oculosque suaviabor. Sed vereor ut sit illud meum gaudium evididique instar somnii. Is est sane, in cujus sententiam omnes boni doctique libenter eant, adeo in literis suo merito principatum tenet. Misit nuper Illustrissimus Grotius Editionem Parisiensem libri sui de R. C. cum Annotatis, , Grotio dignissimis. Habeo quod addam nihil, nisi tædere me hic vitæ meæ, adeo ab omniliterario consortio vivo alienus. Tu Vale felicissime. Roth. III. Cal. Apr. C13 IC C XL. EPISTOLA XXIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S. Frederico Gronovio. Andegavum. Gratæ mihi fuerunt tuæ litteræ, hisce Nonis Apr. datæ, Gratissimas dixissem, si parcius tu te in meas effudisses laudes, a quibus inposterum, etiam atque etiam rogo, manum abstine. Si quid enim est, quo ego jactari merear, certe unum illud, quod summa aliquot Literarum numina, inter quæ tu, Magne Gronovi, maxime conspicuus sedes, religiose colo; quod tanti esse non debet, ut me quoque Achivis principibus permistum videam. Iterum vota fundo pro peregrinationis tuæ secundo itinere: cui favens adsit perpetuus comes Equus [n]o[n] [n]o[n]d[icit]ur[. ]Vereor ne in Urbem ocius redieris, quam ego Neustriam hanc reliquero. Perstat enim Rex agnomine Justus in duro adversus Provinciales hosce proposito, ut scilicet Lutetiæ adhuc morentur miseri illi mortales, quorum adversa fortuna in caput recidit nostrum; aliorumque, si Diis placet, scelerum nos quoque luimus poenas. Sed hæc aliquando fuerint. Non hoc ineunte vere, sed æstate demum præcipiti expectandus est mi- D hi
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EPISTOLÆ. 25 concerning the poem about the Thuan Library, I attribute that to your kindness. You, the easy Prince of the poets of this age, stand in no need of anyone’s counsel, much less mine, if you think you need it; indeed, you are a stranger to yourself. Yet, since you wish it so, I shall freely give you my opinion: I would prefer to keep prose and verse separate rather than write now in one, now in the other. Whatever is purely historical and will not admit the laws of meter or rhythm may be prefixed in the place of a preface, so that the Muses may preserve their own sacred rites untouched and intact. I beg you to complete that work in whatever way you please; certainly I do not remember ever desiring or expecting anything with greater eagerness. Moreover, I am most distressed that almost your whole journey through France is being consumed for you in that Bituriges district. But it must be borne, since your companion’s ill health forbids you from thinking of farther travel: I earnestly ask the gods to grant you always robust health. Salmasius recently wrote that a certain archivist had published an Apology against him on behalf of the Manes of Cunx, whom he complains were violated by him. He added that, because of your father’s death, you would need to come to France, and that he himself would cross over by this route, as I had anxiously requested. With how much joy, then, shall I be filled when I go into his embrace? I shall certainly, before those great Parisian spirits, adore that holy head; as is my custom, I shall bend my neck, and kiss the delightful mouth and eyes. But I fear that my joy may be no more than an obvious dream. He is truly one to whose judgment all good and learned men would gladly defer, so greatly does he hold the first place in letters by his own merit. The Most Illustrious Grotius recently sent the Paris edition of his book de R. C. with Annotations, most worthy of Grotius. I have nothing further to add, except that I am weary of my life here, so alien am I from all learned society. Farewell, most happily. Roth. III. Cal. Apr. C13 IC C XL. EPISTOLA XXIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S. To Frederic Gronovius. Angers. Your letters, dated on these Apr. Nones, were welcome to me; I would have called them most welcome, if you had more sparingly poured out your praises upon me, from which I once again and again beg you hereafter to refrain. For if there is anything by which I deserve to be vaunted, surely it is this alone: that I reverently honor the chief lights of Letters, among whom you, great Gronovius, sit most conspicuous; though this should not be counted so great a matter that I should see myself mixed among the Achaean princes as well. Again I pour out my prayers for your journey’s safe progress: may there attend you as a favoring and perpetual companion a horse, not to be mentioned here. I fear that you will return to the city sooner than I shall have left this Neustria. For the King, surnamed the Just, persists in his hard purpose against these provincials, so that those wretched mortals must still linger at Paris, whose adverse fortune has fallen upon our head; and for the crimes of others, if the gods please, we too are paying the penalty. But these things may be for another time. Not in this opening of spring, but only when summer is well advanced, am I to be expected, my-
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26 CL. SARRAVIUS hi Salmasius [n]o[n] utras: antequam enim Lugduno discedat, [n]o[n] [con]iuerit scilicet [con]v[er]sio, urget Typographos, & ab iis urgetur ut suscepta orsaque pertexat; in quibus habebis [n]o[n] [con]cipiunt illum Simplicium; nisi consilia sua ad exitum perducere festinat Heinsius tuus cum suis Heinsianis, qui de eo mactando, quoties [con]cipiunt solus vel cum famulo perambulat, & in fossas dejiciendo cogitant. In eam adducti illi rabiem, ex quo ejus imperterritus animus, Satyris & levidensibus scriptionibus cedere nescius, iis plane perspectus est. Ita Salmasius ipse ad me scribebat IX. Cal. April. addebatque se satis acerbe strinxisse calamum adversus J C. quemdam, quem vocari Cyprianum Regneri me docuisti, libello edito, in quo inter alia haud pauca penitius disquiritur, An mutuum sit alienatio: quod ab eo factum, quia dixerint [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [con]cipiunt se ei excitasse adversarium cui par, in hoc genere, non esset. CL. Berneggeri obitum ex animo desleo. Quo nunc loco Tacitus? Quid brevi fortes jaculamur avo multa? Plura non addam ubi apud te conquestus fuero, quod de tua Justiniana Laurea non monueris, in quo adeptos plausus tacere non debuisti. Patere hoc convicium, & de rebus tuis scribe diligentissime. Vereor ne diutius morari me hic oporteat: hic, id est, procul ab omni literarum elegantiorum commercio. Vale & me ama, qui te colo, veneror, amo. Roch. Idib. Apr. c13 ICc XL. EPISTOLA XXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS Frederico Gronovio. Andegavum. Quas tibi jam agam gratias, Carissime Gronovi, pro illa tua diligentia, qua me tam prolixo, tamque grato responso beasti? Tantum abest, ut excusationem moræ tuæ accipiam, ut contra me in aere tuo agnoscam libens: reponis enim [con]v[er]sio [con]cipiunt. Gaudeo voluisse te Elenchi tui perpurgandi a mendis nostris [con]dium devorare. Culpam olim sum deprecatus adjecta causa, quam, quæ tua est humanitas mihi, indulsisti. Mihi ad heroem nostrum quam ad ipsum dirigendam per me voluisti, & curabo ut ejus responso, quod ab eo tibi flagitavi, quamprimum potiaris. Antequam e Batavis discedat, sedet ipsi perficere inchoata vel affecta opera hæc sua. Notas ad Arnobium, Philosophiam Stoicam ad Simplicium, Dissertationem de Saccharo & Manna, & Achillem Tatium. Penes me est Diatriba De Muro, Quod non sit alienatio, adversus Cyprianum quemdam Iuris Doctorem Autore Alexio a Massalia Domino a Sancto Lupo. A Massalia id est a Salmasia. Salmasia Pagus est hujus nominis in Burgundiae Ballivatu, qui vulgo vocatur P. Auxois, cujus metropolis Autissiodorum vulgo Auxerre, e quo gens Salmasia Nobilissima originem ducit, inde hic dici vult Alexius. Quare a Sancto Lupo, quia non explicavit, interrogavi; nec dum accipere responsum potui: Jure merito clamabit foriarius: O Crudelis Alexi! adeo male habetur
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26 CL. SARRAVIUS to Salmasius. You should not [do so]: for before he leaves Lyon, the translation, as it were, having been taken up, he is pressing the printers, and is being pressed by them to finish what he has begun and started; in which you will find that they do not conceive that simpleton. Unless your Heinsius, together with his Heinsians, hastens to bring his own plans to completion, those who, whenever they conceive of killing him, walk about alone or with a servant, and think of throwing him into ditches. They were driven into that rage when his fearless spirit, knowing not how to yield either to satires or to trivial writings, became fully known to them. Thus Salmasius himself wrote to me on the ninth day before the Kalends of April, and added that he had wielded his pen rather sharply against a certain J.C., whom you informed me was called Cyprianus Regnerius, in a pamphlet published in which, among other things, not a few matters are examined more deeply, namely, whether a loan is an alienation: this he did because they said they do not conceive that he has stirred up against himself an adversary equal to him in this kind of thing. I mourn from my heart the death of CL. Bernegger. Where now is Tacitus? What, briefly, shall we hurl against our strong ancestor? I shall add no more once I have complained to you that you did not inform me about your Justinian Laurel, in which you ought not to have been silent about the applause you won. Bear this reproach, and write very diligently about your own affairs. I fear that I may have to stay here longer: here, that is, far from all intercourse with the more elegant letters. Farewell, and love me, who honor you, revere you, and love you. Roch. Ides of April, c13 ICc XL. EPISTLE XXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Frederick Gronovius. Angers. What thanks can I now give you, dearest Gronovius, for that diligence of yours, by which you have made me so long and so pleasing a response? So far am I from accepting your excuse for the delay, that on the contrary I gladly acknowledge myself indebted to you: for you restore [con]v[er]sio [con]cipiunt. I am glad that you were willing to swallow the labor of cleansing your Elenchus from our errors. I once excused the fault, with the added reason, which, as is your kindness to me, you kindly allowed. You wanted me to address our hero directly on my own behalf, and I shall take care that you may obtain as soon as possible the answer which I requested from him on your behalf. Before he leaves the Batavians, it is his wish to finish the works he has begun or nearly completed: notes on Arnobius, the Stoic Philosophy to Simplicius, a Dissertation on Sugar and Manna, and Achilles Tatius. In my possession is the Diatribe De Muro, that it is not an alienation, against a certain Cyprian, Doctor of Laws, by Alexis of Marseille, Lord of Saint-Loup. “A Massalia,” that is, from Salmasia. Salmasia is a district of that name in the bailiwick of Burgundy, commonly called P. Auxois, whose metropolis is Autissiodorum, commonly Auxerre, from which the most noble family of Salmasia derives its origin; from this he wishes to be called, namely Alexis. As for “of Saint-Loup,” because he did not explain it, I asked; nor have I yet been able to receive an answer. And justly will the doorkeeper cry out: O cruel Alexis! so badly is he treated
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EPISTOLAÆ. 17 tur his nidas in neφαλυς. Voluit scilicet Heros noster ceteros ab hujusmodi consiliis deterrere & expectata gloria fraudare: dum ne quidem eos agnoscit adversarios silentio involutis eorum nominibus suoque. Scriptum hoc bonæ sane frugis plenum, thesin strenue tuetur, nec a posita Quæstione latum un- guem ducedit: Nec solemnem copiam desideres: & quod magis mirere, vix totis quindecim diebus conceptus formatus & editus ille partus a patre podagra laborante, quæ ejus bilem aliquando intendit. Sed quid ais de Magno Legato, qui Amstelodami curavit edendam Commentationem de locis N.T. in quibus mentio fit vel fieri videtur de Antichristo, Eruditis, ita insit, expendendam. Vult Virum illum peccati, cujus mentio in Secunda ad Thessalonicenses, esse Caligulam, alterum de quo in Prima Iohannis esse Barchosham, tertium de quo in Apocalypsi esse Trajanum, cujus nomen , dum sedet ad calculos, asserit esse τῶ ἐμπιε ὑπομα μυστικῶδες 666. Postremam literam vult senarium denotare numerum quæ ducentesimum arguit, confundendo τὸ στιγμα cum episemo , de quo tam multa Magnus Salmasius ad eum scripserat. Iam credo, intelligis qua de causa adeo sedulo inquirebat de Nota senarii numeri apud Gracos, quod licet edoctus sit, maluit ignorare, quam tam bellam cogitationem abjicere. Magna sane ab eo libro famæ ejus labes infligetur; addunt enim multa præterea dogmata Faustinam Scholam olere. Sed ohe! jam satis. De Exemplaribus Elenchi tui in Angliam nec ne missis nihil affirmare ausim: postremum tamen verius credam. Hic adhuc distinemur quatuor, ut ajunt, Collegis addendis, qui suppetias ferant. Nulla ergo copia vel spes prompti reditus. Si mei semper memineris, solabor me incomparabili tuo beneficio. Vale Roth. Non. Majis. CIC ICXC XL. Andreas Duchesnius nobilissimus Regni Geographus & Historiographus hac septimana miserabiliter obiit: e curru decidenti baculus illia ingressus est, unde magno cum cruciatu, post unam aut alteram horam expiravit. EPISTOLA XXV. CL. SARRAVIUS Frederico Gronovio. Andereavum. Accipio eximiam illam tuam epistolam, qua Frondatorem tuum iterum cru- cias; nec responsum differre debeo, licet alias forensium negotiorum mole obrutus. Qui sit ut de Magni Salmasii literis nihil rescribas? An hoc est fatum meum, ut quæcunque ab illo heroe per meas manus ad te destinantur, serius nec nisi post tardissimas moras habeas? De Pace Leydensi, ab isto Triumviratu utcunque procurata, nihil dicam, quia procul dubio ab aliis cognovisti. Cæterum non possum non laudare consilium tuum nihil respondendi Muscario illi, de quo nihil prorsus audiveram. Hoc esset bonas horas male perdere: & omnino indignus ille ira tua. Notas tuas avidissime percurri: insulsissimum oportet esse illum Scriptorem, qui ea, quæ arguis, pu- D 2 blica-
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EPISTLES. 17 ...in their nests in neφαλυς . Our Hero, of course, wished to discourage the rest from such counsels and deprive them of the glory they expected; indeed he does not even acknowledge them as adversaries, their names and his own being wrapped in silence. This writing, certainly full of good fruit, vigorously defends its thesis and does not depart a hair’s breadth from the question posed. Nor should you miss the customary abundance; and what is more surprising, scarcely within fifteen days was that offspring conceived, formed, and brought forth by a father suffering from gout, which at times sharpened his bile. But what do you say of the great Legate, who at Amsterdam took care to have published a Commentary on the places in the New Testament in which mention is made, or seems to be made, of Antichrist, to be examined by the learned? He wishes the man of sin, mentioned in the Second to the Thessalonians, to be Caligula; the other, of whom mention is made in First John, to be Bar-Kokhba; and the third, of whom mention is made in the Apocalypse, to be Trajan, whose name, when he comes to the reckoning, he asserts to be the mystic 666. He wants the final letter to denote the number six, which argues for two hundred, confusing the stigma with the episemon , about which Magnus Salmasius had written him so much. Now I think you understand why he inquired so carefully about the sign for the number six among the Greeks; for although he had been instructed, he preferred to remain ignorant rather than abandon so fine a notion. A very great stain of reputation will be inflicted on him by that book; for they add besides that it breathes many doctrines of the Faustinian school. But enough! I would not dare to affirm anything about whether copies of your Elenchus have been sent to England or not; yet I shall believe the latter more readily. Here we are still delayed by the four, as they say, colleges to be added, who are to bring aid. So there is no supply or hope of an immediate return. If you always remember me, I shall console myself in your incomparable kindness. Farewell. Roth. Non. Majis. 1600 40. Andreas Duchesnius, the most noble geographer and historian of the kingdom, died miserably this week: as he was falling from a carriage, a stick entered his groin, and from this, after one or two hours, he expired in great torment. EPISTLE XXV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Frederick Gronovius. Ander?avum. I receive that excellent letter of yours, by which you once again torment your Frondator; and I must not delay replying, although I am otherwise overwhelmed by the burden of business in court. Why is it that you write nothing back about the letters of the great Salmasius? Is it my fate that whatever is sent to you by that hero through my hands should reach you later and only after the slowest delays? I shall say nothing about the Leiden Peace, brought about in some fashion by that Triumvirate, because you have no doubt learned of it from others. Besides, I cannot but praise your decision to reply nothing to that Muscarius, of whom I had heard nothing at all. That would be to waste good hours badly; and he is altogether unworthy of your anger. I devoured your notes eagerly; that writer must be utterly stupid who would publicly blame the things you...
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28 CL. S A R R A V I I blicare sit ausus. Næ ille lectores suos fungos & stipites putat, si fidem habituros existimæ. Sueonum Legatus De absoluto Reprobationis decreto Commentationem Amstelodami edidit, qua Remonstrantium suorum dogmata non tam defendit, quam adversariorum sententiam infamat. Vale, & amorem erga te meum credas velim ita ratum esse fixumque, in virtute tua fundatissimum, ut nulla ratione convellatur. Roth. III. non Jun. CIC IIC XL. E P I S T O L A XXVI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Jacobo Palmario a Gretnmesnilio. Vandoperam. Vix, ac ne vix quidem, ullis commendatitiis, quæ ad me scribuntur respondere soleo: & in fori litibus enarrandis continuo occupatus, potuissem etiam aliquid causari, quod excusationem mereretur. Is tamen est τῶν σε συσκηπῶν lepos, ea gratia, ut solemne & vetus propositum meum cogar abrumpere. Bene est si in hac Provincia possumus aliqua ratione afflictis opitulari. Credas enim velim me nulla pari affici lætitia, quam si quando litium sinuosos nexus reseco & amputo. Deus, ut affinis tuus cæteros tam faciles ac benignos experiatur Iudices, quam me habiturus es promptum ad omnia tibi tuisque officia præstanda, . Dolco tantum, quod non ego futurus sum solus Hercules istius Antæi: nihil enim, ut nosti, singuli decernimus, nec aliquid possumus nisi numerus sumus & collegium facimus. Quid autem agas, quid mediteris scire desidero. Næ tu ludis suaviter, cum me sententiam rogas de Grotii Antichristiana Diatriba. Tu solus harum literarum , & Commentatione adversaria illi os obleveris: nisi forsan summum Bochartum pateris tibi adjungi socium. Ille nuper ea de re a me interpellatus divinam Epistolam rescripsit, eo rationum pondere & momento, ut nihil validius subtiliusve possit in eo genere cogitari. Urge quæso ut scriptionem perficiat & publici juris faciat: ex qua magnum autori decus, & Puriori Ecclesiæ compendium maximum accedet. Vale. Roth. ipsis Calendis Aug. CIC IIC XL. E P I S T O L A XXVII. CL. S A R R A V I U S. Frederico Gronovio. Vndegavum. Non est quod improbum facinus, quo Summatis nostri Epistolam descripsi apud te excusem; quandoquidem adverso fato meo, tuoque res eo recidit, ut de temeritate furtove meo gratiam mihi sis habiturus. Ecce enim, adest ipsa illa gemina & germana, non meis, ut satagebas, cogitationibus recentata, sed ipsissimis Autoris verbis. Sola venerabilis & divina manus abest, quam sera licet dies, ita auguror, & opto, repræsentabit. Hæc auri ramenta latere & perire nequeunt. Ut ænigma de Leydensi Pace a III. Viris
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28 CL. S A R R A V I U S has dared to publish. Why, he thinks his readers are mushrooms and stumps, if he supposes they will believe him. The Swedish ambassador published at Amsterdam a commentary on the decreed final rejection, in which he does not so much defend the doctrines of his Remonstrants as blacken the opinions of his opponents. Farewell, and I should like you to believe that my affection for you is so sure and fixed, so firmly grounded in your virtue, that it cannot in any way be overthrown. Roth. 3rd day before the Nones of June, 1640. E P I S T O L A XXVI. CL. S A R R A V I U S to Jacobo Palmario a Gretnmesnilio. Vandoperam. I scarcely, or rather not even scarcely, am accustomed to reply to the letters of recommendation that are written to me; and being continually occupied in setting forth lawsuits in the forum, I might even have found some excuse that would deserve an apology. Yet such is the charm of τῶν σε συσκηπῶν, such the grace, that I am forced to break off my usual and long-established practice. It is well if in this Province we can in some way help the afflicted. For believe me, I derive no pleasure equal to that which I feel when I cut and sever the winding knots of disputes. May God grant that your kinsman may experience the rest of the judges as easy and kindly as you will find me, ready to perform every service for you and yours. I am only grieved that I shall not be the sole Hercules against this Antaeus: for, as you know, we decide nothing singly, nor can we do anything unless we are a number and form a college. But what you are doing, what you are planning, I wish to know. Why, you are joking pleasantly when you ask my opinion about Grotius’ Antichristiana Diatriba. You alone have worn down the mouth of those letters, and in an adverse commentary on them; unless perhaps you allow the very great Bochart to be joined to you as a partner. He, being recently pressed by me on that matter, wrote back a divine letter, with such force and weight of argument that nothing stronger or more subtle could be devised in that genre. I beg you to urge him to complete the writing and make it public; from it there will accrue great honor to the author and the greatest benefit to the purer Church. Farewell. Roth., on the very Calends of August, 1640. E P I S T O L A XXVII. CL. S A R R A V I U S. to Frederico Gronovio. Vndegavum. There is no need for me to excuse before you the wrongful act by which I copied our Summus’ letter; for, owing to my ill fate and yours, matters have come to this point, that you will have reason to pardon my rashness or theft. For behold, the very same twin and sister piece is here, not, as you were eager for, recast by my own thoughts, but in the very words of the author himself. Only the venerable and divine hand is absent, which, though late, as I foretell and wish, the day will present again. These specks of gold cannot remain hidden or perish. As the riddle about the Peace of Leiden from the Three Men
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EPISTOLÆ. 29 Viris Leidensibus procurata, certe tentata, tibi pateat, discriptum habes παθημάνον ex prolixiore ad me Epistola, in qua nihil addidi aut detraxi. Postremis scribebat novum sibi procedere certamen cum clarissimo doctissimo- que medico Beverovicio de sensu Aphorismi Hippocratis LXXIX. Sect. IV. quem asserit Heros noster nulli ex recentioribus iαπτῶν πισισi intellectum, nedum Be- verovicio, qui in Libro de Calculo eundem errorem erraverit. Ita autem pro- cessit negotium. Interrogatus Salmasius a Beverovicio, num recte acceptus ille locus in citato Libro, rescripsit male acceptum; rationibus quibus addu- ctus ita sentirer, levi manu, & ut apud familiares solet, tractatis. Operosam & prolixam replicationem Epistolicam misit resignatam Beverovicius uni ex Ordinibus qui tum Lugduni, ubi olim habitavit, aderat, a quo Salmasius eam acciperet. Nomen siluit quia ille mihi ignotus. Quoniam autem Vir ille Nobilissimus Heinsio privatim utitur, non injuria credidit Salmasius eam illi visam, nec tutum fore aut etiam honestum aliter quam publice respondere. Præterea, cum nimium sibi consideret adversarius, consultum visum est, tan- tam fiduciam modesta scriptione retundere. Vale. III. Non. Aug. 13 13 XL. EPISTOLA XXVIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Hugoni Grotio. Lutetiam. Plenissime nuper satisfaciebas, Vir Illustrissime, dubiis quæ tibi propone- re ausus eram, circa Divinitatem & Satisfactionem D. N. Iesu Christi, de quibus extare nihil in aureo tuo libello, nonnulli male feriati criminaban- tur: coque nomine, quodque mihi tela suppeditaveris, quibus eos confecero, ingentes habeo agoque gratias. Aliud autem superest, de quo quia tunc non succurrit, iterum, veniam dabit tua humanitas, te interpello. Pagina LIV. no- vissimæ editionis, dicis; Deum consilium suum de Mundi Exitio, celasse A- postolos; quinimo illos quasi imminens illud expectasse, & in scriptis suis do- cuisse: citatis in hanc rem pag. 369. in Notis 1. Cor. xv. 54. & 1. Thess. IV. 15. 16. quibus ex locis probare satagis credidisse Paulum, diem Domini esse in proximo. Hæc autem opinio attentius ad calculos revocata, omnem scri- pturæ autoritatem elevare videtur. Si enim istud crediderint & docuerint A- postoli, certe in eo falsi sunt. Si autem in hoc perperam nos docuerunt, in quo procul dubio, quemadmodum in reliquis, eos a Deo afflatos credere parest; qui constabit in aliis Religionis capitibus, quæ non vehementius ab illis affir- mantur, eos non esse hallucinatos? Tu Vir Illustrissime, hunc nodum, si placet, solves, nec me, quem tot tantaque habere voluisti amoris tui testimo- nia, hac expectatione fraudabis. Ita quæso precorque, & me nominis tui studiosissimum, assiduumque cultorem, amare perge. Vale Roth. xvIII. Sept. 13 13 XL. Inter epistolas Grotii illa reperta non est, quam ad hanc rescripsisse debuit. Forte ea res in sermone acta fuerit. D 3 EPI-
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EPISTLES. 29 As procured for the men of Leiden, or at least attempted, let this be made known to you; you have a transcript of παθημάνον from a longer letter to me, in which I added nothing or took anything away. In his last letter he was writing that a new contest had arisen for him with the most renowned and most learned physician Beverovicius concerning the meaning of Hippocrates’ Aphorism LXXIX, Section IV, which, our Hero asserts, has not been understood by any of the moderns iαπτῶν πισισi , much less by Beverovicius, who in the Book on the Stone had fallen into the same error. And so the affair proceeded in this way. When Salmasius was asked by Beverovicius whether that passage in the cited book had been rightly received, he replied that it had been wrongly understood; the reasons by which I was led to think so were handled lightly, and, as is his custom among friends. Beverovicius sent a lengthy and prolix epistolary reply, sealed, to one of the Estates who was then present at Leiden, where he had once lived, from whom Salmasius was to receive it. He kept the name silent because the man was unknown to me. But since that most noble gentleman makes private use of Heinsius, Salmasius believed, not without reason, that it had been seen by him, and that it would not be safe or even honorable to respond otherwise than publicly. Moreover, since the opponent considers himself too confident, it seemed advisable to check so much assurance with a modest writing. Farewell. III Non. Aug. 13 13 XL. EPISTLE XXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Hugo Grotius. Paris. You were most fully satisfying, most illustrious sir, the doubts which I had dared to propose to you concerning the Divinity and Satisfaction of our Lord Jesus Christ, about which some idle fellows were complaining that nothing at all appeared in your golden little book; and for that reason, and because you supplied me with weapons with which I have routed them, I give and render you great thanks. But another matter remains, concerning which, because it did not then occur to me, I now again address you, trusting your kindness will pardon me. On page LIV of the latest edition, you say that God concealed his plan concerning the destruction of the world from the Apostles; indeed that they almost expected that imminent event, and taught it in their writings: citing for this purpose, on page 369, in the notes, 1 Cor. xv. 54 and 1 Thess. IV. 15, 16, from which passages you strive to prove that Paul believed the day of the Lord to be near at hand. But this opinion, when more carefully weighed, seems to undermine all the authority of Scripture. For if the Apostles believed and taught that, then they were certainly mistaken in it. If, however, they wrongly taught us this, in which doubtless, as in the rest, it is fitting to believe them inspired by God, how will it be established that in other articles of religion, which are not affirmed by them more forcefully, they were not deceived? You, most illustrious sir, will solve this knot, if you please, and you will not deprive me, who have wished to have so many and such great proofs of your affection, of this expectation. So I beg and beseech, and continue to love me as one most devoted to your name and a constant admirer. Farewell. Roth. xvIII Sept. 13 13 XL. Among Grotius’s letters the one was not found which he ought to have written in reply to this. Perhaps the matter was handled in conversation. D 3 EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS. Federico Gronovio. Venetias. A Ccepi tuas, Clarissime & Carissime Gronovi, Massilia datas; quibus gratissimum fuit cognoscere, de optima tua valetudine. Galliam nostram etiam in illis remotioribus partibus non displicuisse impensis gaudco. Verum certe & perpetuum fructum ex tua peregrinatione colligis, visis insignibus illis viris, quos commemoratas. Nec dubito quin salutandi officium, quod illis comiter impertiris, ipsi vicissim mutua benevolentia compensent. Sed qui omissus Petitus? Nunquid licuit Nemausum excurrere? an eum tibi reduci ex Italia servas? Verendum tamen est, ne, omissa illa plaga, alio divertas, idque optimo viro, qui te summe colit, foret acerbissimum. Laudo consilium tuum de peragranda etiam Italia: peragranda, inquam; noli enim inhærere vel manere diutius; te enim jam habitiorem & colore sano pulchriorem Capuanæ deliciæ cum Annibale pessumdarent. Nec sola illa ultima ora formidanda, Venetiis quippe in ipsis, potest male fundata carina naufragium pati. Omen Deus avertat: sed tres fere toto annos hic moratus, nisi quod interea Italiæ ulteriora non neglecta, scio quam difficulter ex istis paludibus emerserim. Tandem Contigimus dextram, qua nulla potentior armis Palladiis. Solidos decem dies illum hic detinui: diluculo, mane, meridie, vesperè, nocte intempesta ejus lateri indivulsus hæsi. Expectas jam ut librum scribam, non epistolam: omnino opus eo esset, si cuncta exequi esset animus. Sed paucâ hæc sufficiant. Non dixit postremum Vale Batavis, quorum Ordines quanti ipsum facerent, palam fecerunt, cum jusserunt οπι Παλασιάρχη ut eum Diepam usque cum toto comitatu veheret, eoque rediret quotiescunque significaret Magnus Heros velle se Hollandiam repetere. Plerique etiam e durioribus, ejus partes sequuntur, posthabito antagonista: etiam Prætor, Escontetum vocant, etiam Adolphus Vorstius, alii. Synodus lecto ejus Trapezitico, veteri more damnato, Lombardos ad Sacram Mensam admitti jus fascque esse dixit; nullo tamen condito decreto, nisi quod & pro variis causarum figuris, πρεσβυτια de summo illo jure poterunt aliquid remittere. Excerpta ex Trapezitico, licet Heinsianam manum prodentia, Magistratus, ex officio, nemine conquerente damnavit. Calumnias confutavit Heros, adversariumque vivis non adumbratum, sed expressum, coloribus, omnibus bonis execrabilem proposuit. Cum Beverovicio pugnatum est amicitia incolumi. Itaque iterum Leydam reviset; ni obstiterit uxor, cui coelum Hollandicum minus arridet: Ni etiam Eminentissimus Richelius eum in Gallia pedem figere velit, jubeat: non enim impune ei non paretur. Neptunum parum faventem expertus est, Octavo quippe supra decimum die, Diepam appulit, cum majoris natu filiæ cadavere, quæ tertio navigationis die expiraverat.
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CL. SARRAVIUS. To Federico Gronovius. Venice. I have received your letter, most illustrious and dearest Gronovius, sent from Marseilles; by which it was most gratifying to learn of your excellent health. I greatly rejoice that our France has not displeased you, even in those more remote parts. But you surely gather a lasting and truly fruitful benefit from your journey, since you have seen those distinguished men whom you mentioned. Nor do I doubt that the duty of greeting, which you courteously pay them, is in turn repaid by them with mutual goodwill. But why was Petitus omitted? Was it not possible to make a trip to Nîmes? or do you reserve him for your return from Italy? Yet one must fear lest, having omitted that region, you turn elsewhere; and that would be most bitter for a very good man who holds you in the highest regard. I approve your plan of traveling through Italy as well: through, I say; for do not linger there or remain too long. For the pleasures of Capua, with Hannibal, would already make you somewhat heavier and more handsome in healthy complexion. And not only that last coast is to be feared; for even in Venice itself a badly built ship may suffer shipwreck. May God avert the omen. But I have stayed here nearly three full years, and, though meanwhile I did not neglect the farther parts of Italy, I know how hard it was for me to emerge from those marshes. At last we reached hands, than which none is mightier under the arms of Pallas. I kept him here a full ten days: at dawn, in the morning, at midday, in the evening, deep in the night, I clung inseparably to his side. You now expect me to write a book, not a letter: indeed that would be necessary, if I meant to set out everything. But let these few things suffice. I shall not say farewell in the last place to the Batavians, whose Estates made it clear how highly they value him, when they ordered the Palasiarch to convey him with the whole retinue as far as Dieppe, and to return from there whenever the Great Hero should indicate that he wished to go back to Holland. Most of the harder men also follow his side, the antagonist being set aside: even the Praetor, whom they call Escontetum, even Adolphus Vorstius, and others. The Synod, having examined his Trapezitic book, condemned, after the old custom, the admission of the Lombards to the Sacred Table, and declared it lawful and right; yet no decree was enacted, except that, according to the various shapes of cases, the presbyters may remit something of that highest right. The magistrates, ex officio and with no one complaining, condemned the excerpts from the Trapezitic book, though they betrayed the hand of Heinsius. The Hero refuted the slanders, and exposed the adversary, not shadowed but plainly drawn from life, in colors that make him execrable to all good men. He fought with Beverovicius, while friendship remained intact. Thus he will again visit Leyden, unless his wife, to whom the Dutch sky seems less pleasing, should prevent it; unless also the most eminent Richelieu should wish him to set foot in France and command it: for he would not go unpunished if he were not obeyed. He has experienced Neptune as not very favorable, for on the eighteenth day after the eighth he arrived at Dieppe, with the body of his eldest daughter, who had died on the third day of the voyage.
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VERAT. Hanc jacturam forti animo & plane Christiano toleravit. Ubi aliquid nactus erit otii a domesticis negotiis, Arnobianas Notas in mundum rediget, in quibus Heraldo sæpius, quando ipse glaciem fregit, frigida suffundetur. Plura & alterius generis adderem, si certo scirem hanc ad te chartam perventuram; quod quia vereor, . Prima quaque occasione Tumulum Rerneggeri amicitiæ, quæ tibi cum eo intercessit, dignissimum monumentum Freinshemio mittam. Ego quoque te carmine donabo sed non meo, nisi quod argumentum poetæ dedi. An eo laudetur vel lædatur amicus tuus, ipse judica. Mihi elegans & obliquum videtur. In hac certe Neustria natum est. Vale. Faciam ut meæ vel in ipsum Capitolium te sequantur. Roth. 11. Nov. 13 IXC XL. AD DANIELEM HEINSIUM De suis Exercitationibus Sacris in N.T. IN OBTRECTATORES. De plagio suspectus eras, quia fama ferebat Hac de SCALIGERI prompta fuisse penu. At, mihi si qua fides, mentitur Zoilus: omne Quidquid id est, nemo non videt esse tuum. EPISTOLA XXX. CL. SARRAVIUS Iacob Palmario a Grentmesnilio. Vandoperam. Advenit tandem optata illa diu & expectata epistola. Paucis lententiam dicam. Quicquid causeris, quod magno Bocharto, ad magnum Salmasium propius cognoscendum te non addideris comitem, me judice non potes absolvi. De equo noli excusationem capere: quamvis enim verum sit uno equo duos sedere non posse, tamen poteras alicunde mutuo sumere, & amicum sequi, quem comitari non potueras. Deinde, an tibi tanti erat Nobilis ille, qui tua opera egebat, ut aliena negotia cures omisis propriis? Cæterum ne mitius tecum actum putes, erroris aut culpæ poenas luiti gravissimas, dum tanti Semonis affatu & affatu Musas tuas non recreasti. Quanto gaudio perfusus esses audiendo Bochartum de mille arcanis Salmasium sollicite & curiose interrogantem, nunquam inanem recedere. Jurasses non defecisse oracula. Uno in homine miratus esses piissimum & doctissimum Theologum, eloquentissimum Oratorem, solertissimum Jurisconsultum, Medicum exquisitissimum, Philosophum nobilissimum, & omnigenæ linguæ, scientiæ, & eruditionis . Sed me inliberalem qui virtutes tanti Herois exiguitate sermonis mei minuam! scias oportet maximo in pretio apud eum esse Bochartum nostrum; gratiasque mihi singulariter actas, quod eum hue evocassem. Vellet Eminentissimus Cardinalis Dux cum in Gallia pedem fi- gere.
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VERAT. He bore this loss with a brave spirit and in a thoroughly Christian manner. When he shall have found some leisure from domestic concerns, he will bring the Arnobian Notes into the world, in which he will often pour cold water on Heraldus, when he himself has broken the ice. I would add more, and things of another kind, if I knew for certain that this sheet would reach you; but because I fear it will not, at the first opportunity I shall send to Freinshemius the Tomb of Bernegger, a monument most worthy of the friendship which existed between him and you. I too shall present you with a poem, but not of my own, except that I gave the poet the subject. Whether by it your friend is praised or harmed, judge for yourself. To me it seems elegant and subtle. Certainly it was born in this Neustria. Farewell. I shall see that yours follow me, even to the Capitol itself. Roth. 11 Nov. 13 IXC XL. TO DANIEL HEINSIUS On his Sacred Exercises in the New Testament. AGAINST THE DETRACTORS. You were suspected of plagiarism, because rumor said That this had readily come from SCALIGER’S storehouse. But, if I have any faith, Zoilus lies: whatever It may be, everyone sees it to be yours. EPISTLE XXX. CL. SARRAVIUS To Jacob Palmarius, from Grentmesnil. Vandoperam. At last that long-desired and long-expected letter has arrived. In a few words I shall state my judgment. Whatever excuse you make, that you did not add yourself as a companion to the great Bochart, in order more closely to know the great Salmasius, you cannot, in my opinion, be absolved. Do not take refuge in the matter of a horse: for although it is true that two cannot sit on one horse, still you could have borrowed one from somewhere and followed your friend, whom you could not otherwise accompany. Then, was that Nobleman, who needed your help, so important to you that you should attend to another man’s affairs and neglect your own? Moreover, do not think you have been treated leniently: you have paid the gravest penalties for your error or fault, in that you did not refresh your Muses by the conversation and company of so great a man. With what joy would you have been filled, hearing Bochart anxiously and curiously questioning Salmasius about a thousand secrets, and never going away empty-handed! You would have sworn that the oracles had not failed. In one man you would have admired a most pious and learned theologian, a most eloquent orator, a most skilful lawyer, a most accomplished physician, a most distinguished philosopher, and one of every kind of language, knowledge, and learning. But I should be ungenerous if I diminished the virtues of so great a hero by the meagerness of my speech! You ought to know that our Bochart is held in the highest regard by him; and thanks were especially given to me for having summoned him here. The Most Eminent Cardinal Duke would wish to set foot in France.
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CL. S A R R A V I I gere. Sed multa obstant: præsertim vero purissimus veri Dei cultus, cui omnino est nobiscum addictus: nec hic liceret animi sensa eloqui, & publi- care. Qua humanitate, qua pompa & apparatu a Cardinali fuerit exceptus, olim ad alios scripsi, a quibus id didiceris. Vale Roth. VI. Id Nov. CIC IX XL. E P I S T O L A XXXI. CL. S A R R A V I U S. Vincentio Fabricio. Bituriges. Commodum succuristi altera Epistola. Laborabam enim in refellenda prio- re quamvis acceptissima, cum elegantissima juxta ac eruditissima sua pro- lixitate, tum amore præcipue erga me tuo. Adeo certe gratam opem tulisti, ut ne consilii quidem mei velim meminisse. Eam tamen partem, qua iter tuum festivissime explicas, sicut & alteram, qua Illustrissimum Memmium Christianissimi Regis apud vos Legatum, meritissimis prosequeris laudibus, non possum quin magna cum voluptate sæpius legam, relegamque. O te fe- licem tanto virtutum tuarum æstimatore! Ille enim est, cujus longe lateque diffusa gloria, non potuit patriæ finibus contineri. Ille est, quem sapientis- simi mortalium Adriatici profundi regnatores, sunt admirati. Ille est, a cu- jus industria Christianus orbis pacem Coloniæ expectat. Summi tamen viri erga publicam rem merita non prohibuere, quin frater ejus Henricus, magnus Senatus nostri Præses, Isodunum in Biturigibus relegaretur. Flent mæstimus- santque Patres, dum se tam claro sidere orbatos, densisque damuatos tenebris vident. Quodque magis stupeas, utriusque parens in Consistorio Regis pri- mus sedet: adeoque quisque sibi statque caditque. Verum silentio Deorum ful- mina satius est adorare. De Salmasio quid dicam? ad eum quippe me vocas. Præcipiti Octobri ejus in amplexus ivi: toto duodecim dies, te vix potui tres horas, hic detinui. Superat præsentia famam. Si me fata meis paterentur ducere vitam Auspiciis, & sponte mea componere curas, Cum eo vivere amem & obeam libens. Vis plura? Si per impossibile cui- quam mortalium erigantur unquam altaria, mihi Deus, Deus ille, Suavissime Fabrici. De omnigena doctrina, moribusque humanissimis tibi comperta narrare nihil attinet. Lutetiæ adhuc moratur, in Bibliotheca Regia toto fe- re dies sepultus; Vult [n]o[n] [n]o[n] Richelius eum ibi pedem figere; omnia- que quæ petiturus est pollicetur. Nullis enim præscriptis conditionibus; Pe- te, inquit, & dabo: Noster tantum sis, & Batavos obliviscere. Ille tamen contra nititur & Leydam semper cogitat. Parum faventem habuit Æolum, dum [præ]cipuè [præ]cipua [con]tinentia [con]tinentia: totosque dies octodecim adversis ventis conflictatus est. Post Philosophiæ Stoicæ ad Simplicium partem priorem, cum tabulæ Cebetis Arabica Elichanni paraphrasi, quam eximia præfatione illustra- vit, post libros tres de Trapezitico Foenore, post Diatrîbam De Mutuo, post Com-
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...to govern. But many things stand in the way: especially the most pure worship of the true God, to which he is wholly devoted along with us; nor would it be permitted here to speak the feelings of one’s mind and make them public. With what kindness, with what pomp and display he was received by the Cardinal, I wrote long ago to others from whom you will have learned it. Farewell. Roth. VI. Id. Nov. 1609. EPISTLE XXXI. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Vincentius Fabricius. Bituriges. You have come to my aid quite opportune with your second letter. For I was laboring to refute the first, which was very welcome indeed, both because of its elegance and learning, as well as its length, and especially because of your affection toward me. In truth you brought such welcome assistance that I should not even wish to remember my own plan. Yet I cannot but read and reread with great pleasure that part in which you most pleasantly describe your journey, as well as the other in which you pursue with deserved praise the Most Illustrious Memmius, ambassador of the Most Christian King among you. O fortunate man, with so great an estimator of your virtues! For he is the one whose glory, spread far and wide, could not be confined within the bounds of his native land. He is the one whom the rulers of the Adriatic deep, the wisest of mortals, have admired. He is the one from whose industry the Christian world awaits peace at Cologne. Yet the merits of so great a man toward the public cause did not prevent his brother Henry, the great President of our Senate, from being banished to Isodunum in Bituriges. The Fathers weep and mourn most bitterly, seeing themselves deprived of so bright a star and condemned to dense darkness. And what is more astonishing, the father of both sits first in the King’s Consistory: so that each man stands and falls by himself. But it is better to adore the thunderbolts of the gods in silence. What shall I say of Salmasius? For you summon me to him. In a headlong October I went into his embraces: for twelve whole days I kept him here, whereas I could scarcely keep you for three hours. Presence surpasses fame. If the fates would allow me to lead my life by my own auspices and to order my cares of my own accord, I would love to live with him and gladly die. Do you want more? If altars were ever by any impossibility to be raised for any mortal, for me it would be God, that God, most gentle Fabricius. There is no need to recount to you what you already know concerning his every kind of learning and his most humane character. He is still staying in Paris, buried almost the whole day in the Royal Library; Richelieu does not want him to set foot there at all; and promises him everything he will ask for. For there are no prescribed conditions: “Ask,” he says, “and I shall give. Only be ours, and forget the Dutch.” He, however, resists the contrary and is always thinking of Leiden. He has not had a favorable Aeolus, while especially with the chief restraint: and he struggled the whole eighteen days against adverse winds. After the first part of the Stoic Philosophy to Simplicius, together with the Arabic paraphrase of the Table of Cebes by Elichannes, which he adorned with an excellent preface, after three books On Trapezitic Interest, after the treatise On a Loan, after Com-
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EPISTOLAÆ. 33 Commentationem De Calculo adversus Beverovicium, post Achillem Tatium, post adversarios duos libellos contra Cloppenburgium & Heinsium, quæ omnia anno superiore bono publico edidit, quid amplius expectes? De Primatu Pa- pæ prolixum opus movet, centum puta & amplius quaternionum, cum duo- bus Appendicibus de Antichristo, & de Johanna Papilla. In priore Ponti- ficios, , in posteriore Leonem Allatium & Davidem Blondellum confutare studebit. Sequentur tandem, ita ait, Arnobianæ No- tæ uberes, quibus præfigitur accurata Disquisitio De Nominibus antiquorum Romanorum. Heraldi Librum De Aut. Rer. Jud. cum annexis Observatio- nibus, apud me primitus conspexit Statim omnes objectiones adeo facili ne- gotio diluit, ut maxime & diutissime meditata eum adferre crederes: nec im- pune feret Desiderius. Sed dici unius aut alterius opera, labore isto defun- getur. Idem sentias de Secunda Copriani cantilena, quam potius rabiosi ca- nis feros latratus dixeris. Heinsius dysuria poenæ interiit, convalescit tamen. De Hellenistis & lingua Hellenistica, dicunt aliquid eum commentari. Præ- ses Marca tribus Voluminibus Concordiam Sacerdotii & Imperii aggreditur. Præses Gramondus Tolosanus Historiam Regis nostri ab excessu Henrici IV. lingua Latina, exterorum in gratiam, edere cogitat. Licet alumnium suum magni faciant Loyolitæ, si quid mei est judicii, ex viso specimine, lutulentus fluit & . Blondelli Librum De Eucharistia Veteris Ecclesiæ mea cura hic excusum mitto; propediem missurus ejusdem grandem Tomum De Prima- tu Pontificis Romani in Ecclesia, adversus Cardinalem Perronium, pro Jaco- bo Rege Magnæ Britanniæ: nobile opus & a multis avide expetitum. Strigil Hippolyti Frontonis Caracottæ, autorem habet Petrum Molinæum, vetera- num illum Christi militem fortemque athletam. Nihil est quod amplius ad- dam. Sed poenæ excidit. Heus tu suavissime, Quare nihil de Poemate Biblio- theæ Thuanæ? An me oblitum credis? Habeat Lutetia, habeat Thuana do- mus, habeam ego istud amicitiæ tuæ pignus. Te certe obtundere non de- sinam donec istud extudero. Rogo precorque Vir Amicissime, patere te ex- orari, tumque me a te efflictim amari credidero. De Amsinkio noli esse so- licitus: omnia ejus causa volo: nec de ejus Naturalitate obtinenda spem de- posui; quanquam ut sunt tempora, res est sane difficilis. Vale. Scripsi in Ro- thomagensi adhuc Exilio. Prid. Calend. Mart. CIC 196 XL. EPISTOLA XXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS Iacobo Palmario a Grentmesnilio. Vandoperam. Sive commendes, sive expostules, semper gratum est a te interpellari. Imo postremum hoc placet magis, quia omnino est a tuo erga me amore. Fa- ctum autem, aut potius non factum, de quo quereris, possum uno verbo ex- cusare. Volui non potui. Non quod defuerit . Quamvis enim affinis E ille
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EPISTOLAE. 33 After the treatise On the Stone against Beverovicius, after Achille Tatius, after the two pamphlets against Cloppenburgius and Heinsius, all of which he published last year for the public good, what more do you expect? He is preparing a lengthy work On the Primacy of the Pope, about a hundred quires and more, with two Appendices, on the Antichrist and on Joanna Papilla. In the former he will strive to refute the papists; in the latter, Leo Allatius and David Blondel. There will finally follow, he says, the ample Arnobian Notes, prefaced by an exact Inquiry On the Names of the ancient Romans. Heraldis' book On the Authorship of Things Judged, with the appended Observations, he first examined in my presence. At once he dissolved all objections with such ease that you would think them brought forth after the most careful and long reflection; and Desiderius will not go unpunished. But let it be said, by the work of one or two men, he will be relieved of that task. You may think the same of Copriani's second song, which you would rather call the savage barkings of a rabid dog. Heinsius died of dysuria under punishment, though he is recovering. They say he is commenting on the Hellenists and the Hellenistic language. President Marca is undertaking, in three volumes, a Harmony of Priesthood and Empire. President Gramondus of Toulouse intends to publish the history of our king from the death of Henry IV, in Latin, for the benefit of foreigners. Although the Jesuits esteem their alumnus highly, if I am any judge, from the sample I have seen it flows muddy and . I send here the book of Blondel On the Eucharist of the Ancient Church, printed through my care; I shall soon send his large volume On the Primacy of the Roman Pontiff in the Church, against Cardinal Perron, on behalf of King James of Great Britain: a noble work and eagerly sought by many. The Strigil of Hippolytus Frontonis Caracotta has Peter Molinaeus as its author, that veteran soldier of Christ and valiant athlete. There is nothing more for me to add. But the punishment escaped me. Hey there, sweetest friend, why say nothing about the poem of the Thuanian Library? Do you think I have forgotten? Let Paris have it, let the Thuanian house have it, but I myself shall have that pledge of your friendship. Certainly I shall not stop pressing you until I have brought it forth. I ask and beg, most friendly man, allow yourself to be persuaded, and then I shall believe that I am truly loved by you. Do not be anxious about Amsinckius: I want everything for his sake; nor have I abandoned hope of obtaining his Naturalization, though as times are, the matter is indeed difficult. Farewell. I wrote this in Rouen while still in exile. On the day before the Kalends of March, 196, 40. EPISTOLA XXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Iacobus Palmarius a Grentmesnilio. Vandoperam. Whether you recommend, or whether you complain, it is always pleasant to be addressed by you. Indeed this latter is even more pleasing, because it is wholly from your love toward me. And the deed, or rather the failure to act, about which you complain, I can excuse in a single word. I wanted to, but could not. Not that it was lacking. For although the relative He
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CL. S A R R A V I I ille tuus, cujus uxor aures suavissime demulcet, sese non obtulisset comitem aut ducem, quod tamen an fecerit fidem ejus appello, poteram alium reperire Mercurium. Non quod veritus sim ne a te laute & opipare exciperer: quamvis enim istic Attalicis conditionibus usus essem, tamen procul est a moribus meis, ut amicorum cænationes aut cænas, non potius animum attendam. Non quod de te adeundo sæpius non cogitaverim, ex sanctissimæ amicitiæ proposito, quam mihi tecum intercedere gaudeo & glorior. Accipe ergo quid causæ fuerit, cur ad te non diverterim. Cadomi ubi non plures dies, sed unum tantum moratus sum, inaudivi Senatores nostros Rothomagi feriari, quia unum forte desiderabant. Nempe quicquid apud Carentanenses negotii foret, quindecim diebus posse absolvi ex ultimaveram; quod tamen vix solido mense confectum est. Constitui itaque quam citissime eos invisere. Sed falsus is rumor erat, a litigatoribus nonnullis mihi nunciatus, quorum nempe intererat me huc eorum causa advolare. Frustra es si aliam tui præteriti rationem quæris. Absit enim, imo male sit mihi si te multis magnisque de causis mihi conjunctissimum & carissimum fugiam, vel, quod abominor, despiciam. Si peccavi, dum a popularibus tuis delusus, munus meum, inutili erga te officio prætuli, rogo preconque veniam, quam a te æqui bonique amantissimo, consequi non desperem. In procinctu sumus nostri Lutetiam reditus. Plures enim hic adsunt novorum illorum munerum candidati, quos ubi antiquo ordini addiderimus, nihil vota nostra morabitur, quominus veteres Lares nostros repetamus. Ut de libris semper aliquid admisceam: misit ad me nudiustertius Io. Dallæus eximium Commentarium, in quo controversiam De Imaginibus accurate exequitur, ex fide meliorum veteris ævi Patrum, & Historicorum. Vale. Scribebam occupatissimus Rothomagi Nonis Aug. C13 IXC XL. Prodibit brevi Nicolai Fabri Peyreskii Viri, æterna fama dignissimi, Vita a Gassendo conscripta, in qua plurima naturæ experimenta, mira & nova proferuntur. E P I S T O L A XXXIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Vincentio Fabricio. Hamburgum. DE Conjugio ante omnia gratulor tibi, Clarissime Vir & Præstantissime, præsertim, tam elegantem & sapientem puellam nacto: [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] 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[n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o
Transcription: Translated (English)
CL. SARRAVIUS had he not offered himself as your companion or guide, which, however, whether he has done so, I appeal to your good faith, I could have found another Mercury. Not that I was afraid of being received by you with splendor and abundance; for although I should have made use there of Attalic conditions, still it is far from my habits to attend to my friends’ dining-rooms or dinners rather than to the mind. Not that I have not often thought of visiting you, from the purpose of a most holy friendship, which I rejoice and glory to have with you. Learn therefore what the reason was why I did not turn aside to visit you. At Caen, where I stayed not several days but only one, I heard that our Senators at Rouen were holidaying, because they happened to be wanting one man. Indeed, whatever business there might be among the people of Carentan, I had declared could be settled in fifteen days; yet it was scarcely finished in a full month. Accordingly I resolved to visit them as quickly as possible. But that report was false, having been brought to me by certain litigants, whose interest it was, no doubt, that I should fly here on their behalf. You are wasting your efforts if you seek another reason for your former absence. For away be it, nay ill be it for me, if I should flee from you, most closely bound to me and dearest for many and great reasons, or, what I abhor, despise you. If I have done wrong, when, deceived by your countrymen, I preferred my duty, a useless service toward you, I ask and beseech pardon, which I do not despair of obtaining from you, a most lover of fairness and goodness. We are on the point of returning to Paris. For several candidates for those new offices are here present, and when we shall have added them to the old order, nothing will delay our wishes, so that we may return to our ancient household gods. To add something always about books: the day before yesterday Io. Dallæus sent me an excellent Commentary, in which he carefully treats the controversy On Images, from the testimony of the better Fathers of the ancient age and of historians. Farewell. I was writing at Rouen, very busy, on the Nones of August, C13 IXC XL. There will soon appear the Life of Nicolas Fabri de Peiresc, a man most worthy of everlasting fame, written by Gassendi, in which many experiments of nature are brought forward, wonderful and new. EPISTLE XXXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Vincentius Fabricius. Hamburg. Above all I congratulate you on your marriage, Most Illustrious Sir and Excellent Man, especially since you have obtained such an elegant and wise girl: [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [ n]o[n] [n]o[n] 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tibi tanti videntur, deinceps in sinu gaude. Aut saltem nomen meum inducatur. Pauca illa quæ de Illustrissimo Memmio addideram nimis magni facit Maximus Legatus. Certe non existimabam eum apud vos adhuc morari: alioquin vel majori spiritu tibias inflassem, vel omnino de eo tacuissem; veritus tanti viri merita & laudes, ingenii culpa deterere. Quam misit Clarissimus & numquam satis laudatus, Vir Excellens Fredericus Lindenbrogius salutem, ci quæso meis verbis rede, simulque offer quam rogavit Antecessoris Florantis Disputationem De Consobrinorum Nuptiis. Dic etiam me esse prompto erga illum animo, facturumque prolixe, quæ imperaverit. Quando autem, Vir Amicissime, tibi sunt accepta mea munuscula, ecce tibi Summi Mosis Amyraldi opus non nauci adversus anonymum amicum nostrum, qui tamen sæpius toto libello nominatur. Lege modo & sat scio laudabis ingenium solers & eruditionis vi s suspicies. Nec aliter decuit vi vi paragita Cameronis prinior & prinior prinior . Tua ad Gronovium tuto & cito curata est Lutetiam; ubi nunc ad duas tresve hebdomades degit, quibus elapsis in Hollandiam est trajecturus. Pollicetur se non soluturum me insalutato. Cæterum menineris promissorum, & de Thuanæ Bibliothecæ Carmine, quam dedisti dasque fidem vide ut liberos. Sæpius a Puteanis Fratribus de eo interpellatus, quid respondeam habeo nihil, nisi esse te aliomson & aliomson , modicique temporis moræ leve dispendium re ipsa abunde compensatum iri. Magnus Salmasius Divioni apud suos hiemem transiget. Vidistin' Wallonis Messalini responsionem Antipetavianam priorem? Precibus coelum fatigemus, ut possit Leydam repetere, & duriuscula Loyaliticum caput dedolatum videbimus: quamquam parum, imo nihil, adversario hac scriptione perpercit. Quidni autem ita agat cum veteri hoste improbo sycophanta; qui suaves faceret ludos, si suo Temporum Rationario adderet; HOC ANNO PERIT SALMASIUS, prout hæc verba de Calvino, Scaligero, aliisque consecraneis nostris, nequissimus bipedum usurpare solet. Pars altera cum Præfatione post aliquod tempus prodibit: quamquam nunc totus est in adornandis lingvæ Hellenisticæ Exequiis adversus Exercitatorem, Heinsium an Voetium? Hoc autem mense exacto, Parisios veterem optatamque fidem repetendi omnino sit nobis spes certissima. Illinc uberiores & gratiores expecta literas. De Basilicis pæne sum oblitus. Fabroto, cui ista demandata est provincia, annuum honorarium I I. M. librarum pronuntiata sunt; ne opere perfecto regia liberalitas cesset, aut saltem frigeat, non calet negotium. Lente itaque festinat, nec ante quatuor aut quinque annos aliquid inde expectandum. Vale &c amorem erga te meum ama. Rothomagi III. Nov. CIC IXC XL. E 2 EPI-
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If they seem to you worth so much, rejoice hereafter in your bosom. Or at least let my name be mentioned. Those few things which I had added about the Most Illustrious Memmius, the Most Distinguished Ambassador values too highly. Certainly I did not expect him to be still staying with you; otherwise I should either have blown the pipes with greater spirit, or have kept silent altogether about him, fearing to diminish by my poor skill the merits and praises of so great a man. What the Most Learned and never sufficiently praised Most Excellent Frederick Lindenbrogius sent, I ask that you return in my words as well, and at the same time offer the Dissertation of the late Floris on Cousin Marriages, as he requested. Tell him too that I am favorably disposed toward him, and that I shall carry out in full whatever he commands. But since you accept my little gifts, my very dear friend, here is for you the work of the greatest Moses Amyraut, not a trifle, against our anonymous friend, who is nevertheless named several times throughout the whole booklet. Read it, and I know well you will praise the ingenuity and admire the erudition. Nor was anything else fitting in Cameron's case. Your letter to Gronovius has been safely and swiftly forwarded to Paris; there he now remains for two or three weeks, after which he is to cross over to Holland. He promises that he will not leave me without greeting me first. Moreover, remember your promises, and as for the poem on the Thuanian Library, which you gave and for which you give your word, see that you free it. Often pressed about it by the Putean Brothers, I have nothing to answer except that you are aliomson & aliomson , and that the slight loss of a short delay of time will in fact be abundantly compensated for. The great Salmasius will spend the winter at Dijon among his own people. Have you seen Wallon's reply to Messalinus, the earlier Antipetavian one? Let us weary heaven with prayers that he may be able to return to Leiden, and we shall see the harshly treated Loyalitic head shorn down: although he has shown little, indeed nothing, mercy to the adversary in this writing. And why should he not act thus against an old enemy, an impudent sycophant; who would make delightful sport if he added to his Chronological Register: "THIS YEAR SALMASIUS DIES," just as that most wicked two-legged creature is accustomed to use these words about Calvin, Scaliger, and our other consecrated men. The second part, with the Preface, will appear after some time; although now he is wholly occupied with preparing the Funerals of the Hellenistic language against the Exercitator, Heinsius or Voetius? And when this month is over, there will be for us the most certain hope of returning to Paris to our old and desired friendship. From there expect fuller and more welcome letters. I had almost forgotten the Basilics. To Fabroto, to whom that task has been assigned, an annual honorarium of 1,000,000 pounds was announced; lest, after the work is completed, royal liberality cease, or at least grow cold, the business is not heated. So he hastens slowly, and nothing can be expected from it before four or five years. Farewell, etc.; love my affection toward you. Rouen, 3 Nov. 1640. E 2 EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS EPISTOLA XXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS Alexandro Moro. Genevam. Tandem aliquando restituit me Parisiensi mitiori coelo rigidior Neustria. Totos nempe viginti menses & amplius Urbe abfui, morosisque litibus judicandis & secandis ita miserabiliter vita & tempus mihi periit, ut vix de literis aliquantisper cogitare liceret. Itaque , vereorque post diuturnius silentium te interpellare. Sed ecce commodum succurrit Gronovius noster, qui tuam humanitatem & erga me benevolentiam, prædicare dum non cessat, animum facit experiundi, quo statu apud te sint res meæ. Ego certe moriar, mi More, ni te magnifaciam, amem, & colam plus vice simplici. De rebus tuis & Academiae vestræ certiorem me facias velim. Inaudivi te majoribus Theologiæ mysteriis initiatum, frustra licet turbantibus quibusdam malevolis; quorum pala to non sapit liberalis & abundans tua doctrina. Macte istis ingenii & pietatis dotibus, Vir Eruditissime, cogita Virtutis fidam esse comitem invidiam. Spanhemio & Gothofredo reddes illis inscriptas cum plurima a me salute. Vale & me tui laudatorem admiratoremque perpetuum in intimis tuis cense. Lut. Par. v. Id. Nov. CIC. XLI. EPISTOLA XXXV. CL. SARRAVIUS Frederico Gronovio. Rothomagum. SAlve Plurimum Optime Gronovi, vel potius Vale Longum. Durum sane fuit a te divelli tam subito, tamque præcipiti festinatione, contra tuam meamque mentem. Absque comite meo, absque sociis tuis non commissemus uterque ut ita distracti fuissemus. Sæpius sæpiusque in tuos involassem amplexus & te nunquam forsan videndum, quod utinam! iterum utinam ! æternum essem deosculatus. Sed nihil temere accidit. Consuluit scilicet Deus Optimus infirmitati meæ, nec voluit me proximam calamitatem meam ex absentia tua, nimis heu certam, attentius examinare. Compos enim vix essem mei, nisi amoris tui constantiam cogitarem; quæ spes me recreat, foreque spondet ut mei semper memineris, meque semper ames. Tibi Viro Summo, omni virtute præstantissimo, omnigenæ doctrinæ thesauro, Mularum corculo, delicio meo fraterno animo conjunctissimo, amicitiam meam æternum duraturam obsequiumque nunquam defuturum polliceor ego tuus magnis tuis meritis. Hæc postrema verba Albo tuo inscripsi, gavisusque sum dum me magnis Principibus admixtum vidi. Quotquot scilicet Illustria Nomina universa habet Europa pellibus exiguis arctanti. Ita decet
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CL. SARRAVIUS EPISTLE XXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Alexander More. Geneva. At last, at last the stricter climate of Neustria has restored me to the milder sky of Paris. For I have been away from the city for a full twenty months and more, and in judging and cutting down tedious lawsuits my life and time have so miserably slipped away that I was scarcely allowed to think about letters at all. So I hesitate, and I fear to address you after so long a silence. But here our friend Gronovius conveniently comes to hand; he never ceases to praise your kindness and goodwill toward me, and he encourages me to try what condition my affairs are in with you. For my part, I shall surely die, my More, unless I esteem, love, and honor you more than once. I should like you to inform me of your own affairs and of your Academy. I have heard that you have been initiated into the greater mysteries of Theology, though certain ill-disposed people may have made a vain disturbance; their palate does not relish your liberal and abundant learning. Keep up, most learned man, those gifts of genius and piety; consider that envy is the faithful companion of virtue. You will return to Spanheim and Gothofredus the ones addressed to them, together with my very many greetings. Farewell, and count me forever among your most devoted admirers and praise-singers in your innermost circle. Paris, Nov. 9, 1641. EPISTLE XXXV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Frederick Gronovius. Rouen. Very much greetings, excellent Gronovius, or rather, long farewell. Truly it was hard to be torn from you so suddenly and in such hasty departure, against both your mind and mine. Without my companion, without your own associates, we should not each have allowed ourselves to be so separated. More than once and again and again I would have thrown myself into your embraces, and perhaps never to see you again; how I wish it were so! again, how I wish! I would have kissed you forever. But nothing happens by chance. God, the Best and Greatest, considered my weakness, and did not wish me to examine more closely the next calamity, which, alas, was all too certain to arise from your absence. I could scarcely be in possession of myself unless I thought upon the constancy of your love; that hope refreshes me and promises that you will always remember me and always love me. To you, most distinguished man, outstanding in every virtue, a treasure-house of all learning, the little circle of the Muses, my fraternal delight, bound to me in soul, I promise my friendship, which shall endure forever, and my service, which shall never fail, I who am yours by your great merits. These last words I wrote in your little white book, and I was glad when I saw myself placed among great princes. As indeed, in the narrow covers that hold all the illustrious names that all Europe contains. So it is fitting
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EPISTOLAÆ. 37 decet peregrinari sapientem, non ut Porticus tantum & Amphitheatra metiatur, oculisque ea usurpet quæ visa, delectent quidem, sed penitius admissa, ad bene beateque vivendum conferant omnino nihil. Volui in opistographo Herois nostri latere. Mentem meam æqui consule: si enim virtutes tuas ornatius explicare voluissem, non unius chartulæ opus fuisset. Vale. Lut. Par. VI. Cal. Decemb. 13 13C XLI. Utinam velles Lutetiam vere proximo repetere: possem tibi de hospitio apud Amplissimum Senatorem providere cum honorario mille librarum. EPISTOLA XXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS Frederico Gronovio. Rothemagum. Diligentiam tuam exosculor Suavissime Gronovi, qua me binis litteris prævenisti, quibus hoc uno responso faciam satis. Palmariæ sunt tuæ conjecturæ ad Livium, agoque grates gratissimas quod eas mecum communicaveris, istudque beneficium maximis, quæ tibi debeo, deputabo. Si similes multas expiscatus es, papæ! quantæ frugis tua erit Editio. Iterum insto, noli alii istam lampada tradere: tu potius hanc facem accende nobis in tanta nocte. Scilicet is est labor tuus, ut Freinshemianæ Editioni accedat Appendix? An liberalem facit frontis infirmitas? Audacter poscit, fortiter nega. Poteris credo apud Langlæum Solinum Salmasianum nancisci. Gratum tamen est quod De Amplo Sestertio compellasti, de quo nunquam forte sine te cogitassem. Heros ergo noster pag. 372. de Amplo & Minore Sestertio magnas nugas ait blaterasse Rei Nummariæ scriptores, ipsumque Scaligerum. Sententiam autem suam sic explicat. Ætate Solini Sestertium pro qualibet pecunia usurpatum, nullo tunc amplius usu Sestertiorum nummorum. Folles enim æream pecuniam tum temporis appellabant, qui in Sestertiorum locum successerant. Ergo Sestertios de omni pecunia genere dicebant aureos, æreos, argenteos. Amplo igitur Sestertio posuit pro ampliore pecunia: sicut infra amplioribus pretiis vendunt; & alibi, ampliore pretio. Ammianus lib. XXIII. amplitudines pretiorum illa efficit ratio. Hactenus [n]o[n] [n]o[n]; qui ad locum Capitolini tacet. [n]o[n] [n]o[n] Casaubonus tanquam de re obvia prior dixerat. Hæc sunt ejus verba in Vero. Budæi æstimatione fiunt aurei quingenti supra centum & quinquaginta duo millia. Nec mirabitur summæ hujus magnitudinem, qui Neronis aut Vitellii cænas meminerit: aut illius Margaritæ, quam Iul. Cæsar in amiculæ gratiam emit pari fere impenso pretio, hoc est sexagies HS. Scimus hæc nota eruditis. [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n]. Centenariæ cæna leguntur quidem apud Tertullianum, non in Pallio, sed in Apologetico, ad quem nihil commentatus est Vir incomparabilis. Horatii versum, Accipit [n]o[n] bis dena super sestertia nummum, invenies Lib. Epist. 11. epist. 2. ad Iulium Florum. Locus est de illo Luculli milite, qui pauper li- bens E 3
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EPISTLES. 37 it is fitting for a wise man to travel, not only to measure the Portico and the Amphitheatres, and to feast his eyes on sights which, though they may indeed delight, when more deeply considered, contribute absolutely nothing to living well and happily. I wished to remain in the back side of our Hero. Take my mind in good part: for if I had wished to explain your virtues more elegantly, not a single sheet would have sufficed. Farewell. Lut. Par. VI. Cal. Decemb. 13 13C XLI. Would that you were willing to return to Paris truly next spring: I could arrange lodging for you with the Most Illustrious Senator, with an honorarium of one thousand livres. EPISTLE XXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Frederick Gronovius. Rotterdam. I kiss your diligence, dearest Gronovius, by which you anticipated me with two letters, to which I shall make due reply in this one answer. Your conjectures concerning Livy are of the first rank, and I give you the most grateful thanks for having shared them with me, and I shall reckon that favor among the greatest obligations I owe you. If you have discovered many such, good heavens! what abundance your edition will yield. I insist again: do not hand that torch to another; rather, light this beacon for us in so great a night. Surely your labor is such that it should become an Appendix to the Freinsheim edition? Or does weakness of forehead make one liberal? He who boldly demands, deny him firmly. I think you may obtain Solinus from Salmasius at Langl. Nevertheless, it is welcome that you brought up De Amplo Sestertio, about which perhaps without you I should never have thought. Therefore our Hero on page 372 says that the writers on money matters, and Scaliger himself, have uttered great trifles about the Ample and the Lesser Sestertius. He explains his own view thus. In Solinus’ time Sestertius was used for any sum of money, since by then there was no longer any use of the sestertius coin. For by that time they called copper money folles, which had succeeded to the place of the sestertii. Therefore they used sestertii to mean every kind of money, gold, bronze, silver. Thus he has put ampla sestertia for a larger sum of money: just as below he says maiores prices are used for selling; and elsewhere, with a greater price. Ammianus, book XXIII, gives that reason for the largeness of prices. So far [n]o[n] [n]o[n]; he is silent about the passage in Capitolinus. [n]o[n] [n]o[n] Casaubon had spoken first as though of something obvious. These are his words in Vero. According to Budé’s estimate, five hundred gold pieces amount to more than one hundred and fifty-two thousand. Nor will he wonder at the greatness of this sum who remembers the banquets of Nero or Vitellius: or that Pearl, which Julius Caesar bought at the request of his mistress at almost the same prodigious cost, that is, sixty million sesterces. We know these things are familiar to the learned. [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n]. Banquets of a hundred each are indeed read in Tertullian, not in On the Pallium, but in the Apology, on which the incomparable man has commented nothing. Horace’s line, “He receives [n]o[n] twice ten sestertia as money,” you will find in Book I of the Epistles, epistle 2, to Julius Florus. The passage is about that soldier of Lucullus, who gladly poor li- E 3
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38 CL. S A R R A V I I bens & impiger difficillima belli munia inscipiebat, quæ dives postea factus detrectabat: cum ob aliquod ávphazáhnæ donis honestis ornatus accopisset in- super bis dena festertia nummum, recusavit deinceps priori aleæ se com- mittere. Nota historia. Bis dena festertia explicantur vulgo viginti millia se- stertium nummum. Hæc de locis quæsitis. De re ipsa olim edoctus sum Se- stertium valere duobus assibus & semisse, quando scilicet dicitur festertius gene- re masculino. Sestertium autem neutro genere valere mille festertios. Ratio est quia neutro genere subintelligitur pondo, ut in Masculino nummus, cum simpliciter dicitur festertius. Plura non habeo, quæ scribam, nisi valere nos hic omnes, qui tibi ferentes secundosque ventos optamus. Vale. Lut. Par. ávraq[ue] ediæs XVI. Decemb. CIO IXC XLI. E P I S T O L A XXXVII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Hugoni Grotio. Lutetiam. A Ccepi litteras ab amico, viro docto, tuique studiosissimo Maximiliano Lan- glaro Rothomagensi Ecclesiaste, quibus me rogat ut a te quæram, Quis sit ille Magister Hebræus Nehumias, qui quinquaginta annis ante Christi adventum, aperte jactabat non posse ultra quinquagesimum annum Messiæ adventum differri: cujus mentionem facis pagina 170. de Relig. Christ. Se enim consuluisse Salmuriensem Cappellum talium callentissimum, & alios, a quibus nihil potuit edoceri ea de re; de qua tu quoque, Vir illustrissime, nihil dicis in Annotatis. Cum autem sit imprimis notandum istud testimo- nium, professusque sis te nil, nisi ex probatissimis autoribus desumpturum, rogo te id mihi explices, & gratiam debebo tibi. Vale. Lut. Par. XXII. Dec. CIO IXC XLI. E P I S T O L A XXXVIII. CL. S A R R A V I O Hugo Grotius. Lutetiam. Nehumia illius Magistri Hebræi, Vir Amplissime, mentio sit in Thal- mudicis. Ni fallor est in titulo de Synedrio. Ostendit istum mihi lo- cum olim Hagæ Stoctoxus. Puto ejus fieri mentionem & in Abenada ad Da- nielem. Si quid est, in quoperstet Ampl. T. invenire faciam hoc perlibens & merito, ut ei addictissimus. Vale. Lut. Par. XXIII. Dec. CIO IXC XLI. EPI-
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38 CL. SARRAVII brave and energetic, he undertook the most difficult tasks of war, which later, when he had become rich, he would shirk: when, for some honorable achievement, adorned with gifts of honor, he had received in addition twenty thousand sesterces, he afterwards refused to commit himself again to his former gambling. A well-known story. “Bis dena festertia” is commonly explained as twenty thousand sesterces of coin. I have this to say about the places sought. As to the matter itself, I was once taught that a sestertium is worth two asses and a semis, when, that is, it is said in the masculine gender, sestertius. But a sestertium in the neuter gender is worth a thousand sestertii. The reason is that in the neuter gender pondo is understood, as in the masculine nummus, when one simply says sestertius. I have no more to write, except to wish that we all here may be well, and that I send you favorable and following winds. Farewell. Paris. The 16th of December, 1641. EPISTLE XXXVII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Hugo Grotius. Paris. I received letters from a friend, a learned man and most devoted admirer of you, Maximilian Langlar, ecclesiastic of Rouen, in which he asks me to inquire of you who that Hebrew Master Nehumias may have been, who fifty years before the coming of Christ openly boasted that the coming of the Messiah could not be delayed beyond the fiftieth year; mention of whom you make on page 170 of the Religion of Christ. For he says that he consulted the Salmurian Cappellus, extremely skilled in such matters, and others, from whom he could obtain no instruction on that point; concerning which you also, most illustrious Sir, say nothing in the Annotations. But since that testimony is to be noted above all, and since you have declared that you would take nothing except from the most approved authors, I ask that you explain it to me, and I shall owe you gratitude. Farewell. Paris. 22 December 1641. EPISTLE XXXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Hugo Grotius. Paris. The mention of that Hebrew Master Nehumias, most distinguished Sir, is found in the Talmudic writings. If I am not mistaken, it is under the title on the Sanhedrin. That passage was once shown to me at The Hague by Stoctoxus. I think he is also mentioned in Abenada on Daniel. If there is anything in which your Excellency persists in wishing to find him, I shall gladly and rightly see that this is done, as one most devoted to him. Farewell. Paris. 23 December 1641. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 49 EPISTOLA XXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Frederico Gronovio. Grasianopolim. I Studi ipsum, quod nunc tibi, antea populari tuo Fabricio accidit, qui vix tres horas mecum Rothomagi moratus, dum Quillebovium properat, illic toros quindecim dies residens, meritas suæ festinationis poenas luit. Eo saltem tu felicior, quod in Ampliore urbe, plures habeas queiscum animum relaxes. Sed me infortunatum, cui tot bonas otii tui horas lucrifacere non licet! Heri invisi Magnum Legatum, quem fama est brevi alio delegandum. Ipse non credit; quoque fidem faceret, addidit sibi postremis e Suedia Litteris, plura negotia mandata, quæ non tam cito expediantur. De ejus libro & libello postremis interrogatus, respondit plane Milleterio consona, Romanam fidem esse veram & sinceram, solosque clericorum mores degeneres Schisma- ti dedisse locum; adferebatque plura in hanc sententiam. Quid dicam? Merito quod falso olim Paulo Agrippa, tu poina o se [con]darmata eis mariar peritent . Sed hæc tibi soli, soli. Infensissimus est Riveto tuo, quem unum plus cæteris omnibus excitasse illic turbarum adversum se affirmat, habereque se ait pro comperto. Est sane in præcipiti, in quo diu stare non licet. Deploro veris lacrymis tantam jacturam, Deum ex animo supplex veneror, ut illi Spiritum suum mentemque meliorem duit. Vale. Lut. Par. Pridie Cal. Ian. Anni CIC IXC XLII. quem tibi optatissimum precor. EPISTOLA XL. CL. SARRAVIUS Alexandro Moro. Genevam. Quas ego tibi grates beneficiis tuis pares, persolvam, Suavissime More, pro tam multis iisque gratissimis quæ me docuisti? Ea scilicet sitiebam maxime, quæ ex amabili tua Epistola avidissime hausi: Sed ante omnia acceptissimum fuit cognovisse, puppim tuam valida fundatam carina Lemannum æquor feliciter sulcasse, tempestates evasisse, & jam esse in portu. Et hæc olim meminisse juvabit. Possis ô diu, Vir Præstantissime, parta ista victoria frui, & in summa tranquillitate securus venturum ævum agere. Vidi tua indicina Croii Responsionem ad Ballacium, pro Heinsio. Plurima certe lapiunt eruditionem altissimam: sed linguam Gallicam & stylum quod attinet, fluit incutus, dissipatus, inelaboratus: habebitque non pauca politissimi ingenii & vibrantis orationis Adversarius, etiam in ipso argumento, quæ regerat. Opus itaque laudo, non opificem: idem aliquando de Garrisonii tui Poemate dicturus. Sed an Croius ipse autor edendi? Vix credam. Scio enim & certo scio, habere eum præ manibus satis amplum volumen Notatorum in Exercitationes Sacras
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EPISTLES. 49 EPISTLE XXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS To Frederick Gronovius. At Grasianopolim. I studied the very thing that has now happened to you, which previously befell your countryman Fabricius, who, after staying with me at Rouen scarcely three hours while hurrying on to Quillebœuf, paid there the deserved penalty of his haste by remaining fifteen days. At least you are the happier in this, that in a larger city you have more companions with whom to relax your mind. But unhappy me, to whom it is not permitted to gain so many good hours of your leisure! Yesterday I visited the Great Legate, who, it is rumored, will soon be transferred elsewhere. He himself does not believe it; and to make it credible, he added that in his latest letters from Sweden he had been charged with more business, which cannot be settled so quickly. When I asked him about his latest book and pamphlet, he answered plainly in agreement with Miletier, that the Roman faith is true and sincere, and that only the corrupt morals of the clergy have given rise to the Schism; and he brought forward several other arguments to this effect. What shall I say? Quite rightly, as once falsely said of Paul Agrippa, tu poina o se [con]darmata eis mariar peritent . But this is for you alone, for you alone. He is most hostile toward your Rivetus, whom alone, more than all the others, he says he stirred up the disturbances there against him, and he says he has this as a settled fact. Indeed he is in a dangerous state, one in which it is not possible to remain long. I bewail with true tears so great a loss; I supplicantly pray God from my heart that He may grant him His Spirit and a better mind. Farewell. Paris, the day before the Kalends of January, in the year CIC IXC XLII, which I pray may be most desirable to you. EPISTLE XL. CL. SARRAVIUS To Alexander Morus. At Geneva. What thanks equal to your benefits shall I repay you, most gracious Morus, for so many and such welcome things as you have taught me? Those were indeed the things I was most eager for, which I have greedily drawn from your amiable letter. But above all, it was most welcome to learn that your ship, founded on a strong keel, had happily cut through the waters of the Lake of Geneva, escaped the storms, and is now in port. And this will one day be pleasant to remember. May you, most excellent man, long enjoy that victory you have won, and in the greatest tranquility live out the years to come in security. I have seen your note on Croius’s reply to Ballacius, on behalf of Heinsius. Certainly, many points touch on very deep learning; but as regards the French language and style, it flows unctuous, scattered, and unworked; and the adversary of most polished talent and brilliant speech will have not a few things to reply to, even in the argument itself. Thus I praise the work, not the craftsman: I shall one day say the same of your Garrisonius’s poem. But was Croius himself the author of its publication? I can scarcely believe it. For I know, and know for certain, that he has in hand a quite ample volume of Notes on the Sacred Exercises
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CL. S A R R A V I I Sacras [sulphur] Com[m]odis Leydensis. Ergo quem Gallice, hoc est quasi intra privatos parietes, opus ob musteum laudaverit, Latine, id est per totum Orbem Terra- rum in re non nauci, suggillabit. Explica quæso mihi istud quidquid est ænigmatis: nisi forsan Gronovius, quem istam Diatribam ad vos detulisse audio, voluit Heinsium ad quem abituriebat, hac sive arte sive officio demereri. Sirmon- dus Theodoretum suum tandem emisit quatuor Tomis: magnum opus Senis octoginta trium & amplius annorum. Satis multa primitus ibi conspiciuntur. Effugere tamen ejus sagacitatem [sulphur] [sulphur] [sulphur] Photio memorati, qui vulgo in- ter Athanasi Opera habentur: certe illos tam expectato in opere desiderari vix ferendum est. Fervet prælum in excudendis Basilicis Fabroti. Gothofredi Philostorgium omnes flagitamus: quamvis enim Arrianæ hæresis labe & infamia merito notetur, fieri tamen non potest, quin Historia Ecclesiastica inde ali- quam lucem mutuetur. Carmen tuum cum volupate legi. Næ tu plane adeo apte, terse, & eleganter, scribis. Vale. Lut. Par. Idib. Ian. CICLOXLII. EPISTOLA XLI. CL. S A R R A V I U S. Alexandro Moro. Genevam. Diu est cum nihil ego ad te literarum: seque apud me magna in gratia posuit Candalius profrater, cum in Italiam proficiscens constituisse se dicit ur- bem vestram prius lustrare; rogatque ut te compellare velim. Facio libens, precorque, ne mihi diuturnius silentium vitio vertas. Hunc ego tibi non com- mendo viatorem, qui per se satis tibi cognitus de tua humanitate plurima sibi pollicetur: unumque orat, ut ad Illustria vestræ cum Ecclesiæ tum Academiæ Lumina, tua opera sibi pateat aditus. Ei dedi in mandatis ut de te præsertim rebusque tuis sollicite inquirat, diligenterque de omnibus me faciat certiorem. Tandem Spanhemium patientem aurem Leydensibus accommodasse, cum Scholæ vestræ gravi dispendio, nuper intellexi. An autem Heinsianæ partes ista accessione Salmasio formidolosiores sint futuræ, brevi cognoscemus. Co- gitat enim heros noster relicta patria, Lugdunum Batavorum repetere, eum- que hic post paucos dies opperior. Res literaria hic jam friget, imo riget. Vi- distin' Riveti Animadversiones in Annotata ad Cassandrum? doctas plane & acutas! Eas nuper cum ingenti voluptate legebam. Habeo præmanibus Wal- lonis Messalini imperfectum opus adversus Petavium Loyolitam: Verum au- toris nomen tibi non ignoratum arbitror. O librum , ut omnia, quæ ab illo viro. Celare te non possum, magno me desiderio teucri, viden- di tuam illam pro Beza defensionem; sive typis editam, quod malim; & per adversarii proximam migrationem num licet? Sive saltem alicujus discipulo- rum tuorum manu descriptam: nulla re magis devinxeris, meque a te gratiam istam consequuturum non habet levis fiducia. Vide ergo ne fallus sim opinio- nis,
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CL. SARRAVIUS Sacras [sulphur] Com[m]odis Leydensis. Therefore he will praise in French, that is, as it were within private walls, a work on account of its musty style; but in Latin, that is, throughout the whole world, he will assail it for being worth nothing. Explain to me, I beg you, this riddle, whatever it may be: unless perhaps Gronovius, whom I hear brought that Diatribe to you, wanted to ingratiate himself with Heinsius, to whom he was about to go, by this means, whether as a skill or a duty. Sirmond has at last brought out his Theodoret in four volumes: a great work for a man of eighty-three years and more. Quite a lot is seen there at the outset. Yet the works of Photius, mentioned [sulphur] [sulphur] [sulphur], escape his keenness, which are commonly found among Athanasius' works: certainly it is hardly tolerable that those should be lacking in so eagerly awaited a work. The press is busy printing Fabrot's Basilics. We all press for Gothofred's Philostorgius: for although he is rightly marked with the stain and infamy of the Arian heresy, it nevertheless cannot be that Ecclesiastical History should not borrow some light from it. I read your poem with pleasure. Indeed you write quite aptly, neatly, and elegantly. Farewell. Paris, the Ides of January, 1642. EPISTLE XLI. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Alexander Morus. Geneva. It is a long time since I have written anything to you; and Candalius, my brother-in-law, has won high favor with me, since, on setting out for Italy, he says he has decided first to visit your city, and asks that I would greet you. I gladly do so, and I beg you not to hold my longer silence against me as a fault. I do not recommend this traveler to you, since he is already sufficiently known to you and promises himself much from your kindness; he asks only that, through your help, he may gain access to the distinguished lights of both your Church and your Academy. I have charged him especially to inquire carefully about you and your affairs, and to inform me diligently about everything. I have recently learned that Spanhemius has at last lent a patient ear to the Leyden men, to the grave loss of your School. But whether this addition will make Heinsius' party more formidable to Salmasius, we shall soon know. For our hero intends, leaving his homeland, to return to Leiden, and I expect him here in a few days. Literary life here is already cold, nay frozen. Have you seen Rivet's Animadversions on the Annotations to Cassander? They are plainly learned and sharp! I was reading them recently with great pleasure. I have in hand Wallon's Messalinus, an unfinished work against Petavius the Loyolaite: but I think the author's name is not unknown to you. Oh, a book, as all things, that come from that man. I cannot hide from you that I greatly long to see that defense of yours on behalf of Beza; whether published in print, which I would prefer; and by the recent removal of the adversary, if that is possible? Or at least copied out by the hand of one of your students: you could bind me to you by nothing more, and I have no slight confidence that I shall obtain that favor from you. See, then, that I am not deceived in my opinion,
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EPISTOLA. 41 nis, quam de tuo erga me amore concepi. Vale Lutetiae Par. xxII. Apr. CICIDELII. Maussacus Præses ad Urbem est, & amicitiam nostram expetivit: Editurum se minatur Dionysium Thracem Veterem Grammaticum Græcum, ut & Manlium Theodorum Latinum, & Iulium Cælarem Scaligerum in Libros Ci- ceronis de Officiis: i i s e s Pugionem fidei Ræmundi Martinii (non autem Se- bundi ut volebat Iosephus Scaliger) quem Galatinus compilavit. EPISTOLA XLII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Vincentio Fabricio. Hamburgum. DE eo quod postremum rogas, respondebo primum; ut quando ea te cura coquit, aliqua adjuvem. Adversus debitorem fugitivum, qui post contractum in patria grave æs alienum, faventem fortunam expertus hic est in re lauta, competere tibi actionem, ex contractu, etiam in foro nostro indu- bitati juris est. His tantum adhibitis cautionibus, tibi consule: ut si deben- di instrumenta aut syngraphæ coram notariis, tabellionibus, scribis, actuariis, aliisve publicis personis scripta sint, coram præcipuo Hamburgensis civitatis Ma- gistratu, plures viriboni & idonei compareant, qui testentur eos Notarios sive Graphiarios esse homines publicos, solitosque ex jure communi civitatis exci- pere contrahentium pacta conventa, juxta quæ datur actio legitima adversus reos datam scriptamve fidem non servantes. Cum autem apud Excellentissimum Memmium Regis nostri Legatum gratia valeas, in ejus palatio coram illo, ejus- dem formæ instrumentum conficiatur, quo nar: et hos & illos coram se juratos eadem affirmasse, sibique de dictorum veritate constare certissimis argumentis; & de usu & consuetudine civitatis testentur, Ille, omnesque alii, signis, si- gillis & omni meliori modo quibus solent ista muniri. Quin conveniri possit reus a te actore qui istas probationes habueris, dubitare non debes: egoque ea in re operam polliceor meam, ut juri gentium sua constet autoritas. De Car- mine Bibliothecæ Thuanæ scribis, quæ olim mente præsaga notaveram. Post tot tergiversationes tuas, falsus non sum opinionis, cum vidi te illud excusan- tem. Si recipias animum, velisque tuas Musas sollicitare ad nobilissimum ar- gumentum, viros summos meque devinxeris. Secus si accidat, istud quic- quit erit tædii & doloris, fiet patientia levius: gnari quippe sumus Heliconias illas Virgines non suetas vim pati, nec facile esse ab inuito poeta carmen extor- quere. De isto itaque negotio inposterum uti libebit, decernes; de eo enim verbum non addam amplius; a te id forsan aliquando recepturus cum de eo mi- nime cogitabo. Ut enim de tua humanitate & fide desperem, quicquid facias dicasve, efficere non possis; stimulos dabit amula virtus. De Grotii ad Pa- pam defectione tanquam re certa, quod fama istuc distulit, verum non est. Sed non sine magno metu cum aliquid istiusmodi meditantem & conantem quo- tidie F
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EPISTLE 41 ...the pleasure I have conceived from your affection toward me. Farewell at Paris, April 22. CICIDELII. Maussacus the President is at the City, and has sought our friendship: he threatens that he will publish Dionysius Thrax, the old Greek Grammarian, as well as Manilius Theodorus in Latin, and Julius Cæsar Scaliger on Cicero's Books De Officiis ; i i s e s Pugionem fidei of Raymond Martini (not Sebundus, as Joseph Scaliger wished), which Galatinus compiled. EPISTLE XLII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Vincentius Fabricius. Hamburg. For that which you ask last, I will answer first, so that, since this concern troubles you, I may render you some assistance. Against a fugitive debtor, who after contracting a heavy debt in his native land has here enjoyed favorable fortune in affluent circumstances, it is beyond doubt in our court that you have a right of action ex contractu. Only these precautions being observed, take counsel for yourself: if the instruments of debt or bond have been written before notaries, tabellions, scribes, actuaries, or other public persons, then before the chief Magistracy of the city of Hamburg let several honest and suitable men appear, who may testify that those Notaries or Scribes are public men, and that by the common right of the city they are accustomed to receive the agreements of contracting parties, according to which a lawful action is granted against those who do not keep the written or sworn faith. But since you enjoy favor with the most Excellent Memmius, ambassador of our King, let an instrument of the same form be drawn up in his palace before him, stating that these and those, having sworn before him, affirmed the same things, and that by the surest arguments the truth of what was said is manifest to him; and let him, and all the others, testify to the custom and usage of the city, with signs, seals, and in every better way by which such things are usually fortified. You should not doubt that the defendant may be brought before you as plaintiff, if you have these proofs; and I promise my own assistance in the matter, so that the authority of the law of nations may be maintained. You write about the poem of the Thuanian Library, which I had once foretold in anticipation. After so many evasions on your part, I was not mistaken in my opinion when I saw you excusing it. If you regain your spirit, and wish to employ your Muses on a most noble subject, you will bind to yourself the greatest men and me as well. If the matter turns out otherwise, whatever weariness and grief there may be will be made lighter by patience: for we know that those Heliconian Virgins are not wont to endure force, nor is it easy to wrest a poem from an unwilling poet. Therefore concerning that matter hereafter you shall decide as you please; for I shall add no more word about it; perhaps I shall one day receive it from you when I am thinking least of it. For even if you do or say anything, you could not bring it about that I should despair of your humanity and good faith; rival virtue will keep pricking you. As for the defection of Grotius to the Pope, as if it were a certain fact, what rumor has spread there is not true. But not without great fear, while something of that sort is being plotted and attempted daily...
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CL. S A R R A V I I tidic inviti videmus. Inter Protestantes cujuslibet Ordinis nomen ejus adscribi vetat, quod eos atrocius suggillavit in Appendice de Antichristo, & Annotatis ad Cassandri Consultationem. Hujus postremi scripti rationes examinaverat Rivetus, cujus Animadversiones vix dubitem tibi non visas. Quid eis reposuerit Vir Magnus ut scias, hunc adhuc a prælo madentem libellum ad te mittere volui: tum ne sine munusculo a me unquam conveniaris, tum ut quid de ejus autore deinceps expectandum sit aut metuendum, ipsi dispiciatis. Ausim erga Excellentissimum Memmium, fama magnum, meritis maximum, salutationis & debiti obsequii cultusque officio defungi. Illi inquam, Memmiadæ nostro, Superi quem tempore in omni, Omnibus ornatum voluere excellere rebus. commendatum me velim: rogoque id facias bonis verbis. Vale. Lut. Prid. Cal. Iun. CICIXXLII. EPISTOLA XLIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Isaaco Vossio. Romam. Quæ tu magnifice nimis prædicas, a me in te collata Rothomagi & Parisiis beneficia, ea ego omnia debui universa & singula, cum clarissimo nomini tuo, tum magnis & ingentibus tuis meritis. Præterea nihil in vita accidit accidetve mihi unquam jucundius, quam tuam, tuique similium, benevolentiam, quibuscunque honestis modis & officiis promereri: Obviis peregrinis consulere humanum est: eosdem virtutis ergo orbem pererrantes, & magno passu ad immortalem famam tendentes debent omnes boni & graves fovere. Hos inter merito nomen tuum refero: possum enim testari magnis . Feci faciamque semper libentissime, quanto cum impetu viderim te bonas literas sectantem, & quanto studio libris eruditis incumbentem. Perge tantum paucos adhuc annos in isto studio decurrere, & audeo tibi Scaligeri, Casauboni, & Salmasii grande nomen polliceri. Sed nae ego imprudens & inficetus, qui aliud tibi quam domesticum & familiare exemplum Summi Viri Parentis tui imitandum propono. Ille enim omnibus istis par, si non superior. Quanta cum voluptate & fructu novissima ejus de idololatria volumina nuper legerim, explicare vix possim. Nihil enim illi in amplissimo argumento intactum. Sed quando ejus Artem Poeticam, Origines, Historiam Sacram & Profanam, ut innumera alia recensere superfedeam, typis expressa videbimus: Aude tu istius Aquilæ pullus haud degener, ad sublimia aspirare. Quam æternæ gloriæ in Laurentiana, Marciana, Vaticana & aliis Bibliothecis luculentam messem collegisti, sedulus reconde: ut te reversum amplectamur & suspiciamus, dum hactenus ignotis & intactis thesauris nos ditabis. Sed præsertim in tam calido celo valetudinem tuam cura diligenter, sine qua cætera omnia parum grata & inutilia. Vale. Lut. Par. prid. Cal Iul. CICIXXLII. EPI-
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CL. S A R R A V I I I see the fitting invitation. Among Protestants, the name of any Order forbids its being inscribed, because he had more harshly lashed them in the Appendix on Antichrist, and in the Notes on Cassander’s Consultation. Rivet had examined the arguments of this latter work, and I should scarcely doubt that you have seen his Observations. As to what the Great Man has replied to them, so that you may know, I wished to send you this little book still wet from the press: both so that you may never meet me without a small gift from me, and so that you yourselves may consider what is thereafter to be expected or feared from its author. I venture to discharge, toward the most excellent Memmius, great in fame, greatest in merit, the duty of greeting and due respect and reverence. Him, I say, our Memmius, whom the gods wished to excel in all things, adorned at every time in every way. I would wish myself recommended to him; and I ask that you do this in kind words. Farewell. Paris, the day before the Kalends of June, 1642. EPISTLE XLIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S To Isaac Vossius. Rome. Those benefits which you praise too magnificently, conferred on you by me at Rouen and Paris, I owed, all and each of them, both to your most illustrious name and to your great and immense merits. Moreover, nothing in my life has happened or ever will happen to me more pleasantly than to deserve the good will of you and your like by whatever honorable means and services: to assist travelers is humane; those same men, since they roam the world for the sake of virtue and strive with great pace toward immortal fame, all good and serious men ought to cherish. Among these I rightly include your name: for I can testify to magnis . I have done so, and shall always do so most gladly, seeing with what eagerness you have pursued good letters, and with what zeal you have devoted yourself to learned books. Continue for a few more years in that study, and I dare promise you the great name of Scaliger, Casaubon, and Salmasius. But indeed I am foolish and unrefined, if I propose for you to imitate anything other than the domestic and familiar example of your most excellent Father. For he is equal to all those men, if not superior. With what pleasure and profit I lately read his latest volumes on idolatry, I can scarcely explain. Nothing, indeed, is left untouched by him in that vast subject. But when shall we see printed his Poetics, Origins, Sacred and Profane History, to pass over innumerable other works? Do you, the offspring of that Eagle, no degenerate one, aspire to the sublime. Whatever bright harvest of eternal glory you have gathered in the Laurentian, Marcian, Vatican, and other libraries, store up carefully, so that when you return we may embrace and admire you, while you enrich us with treasures hitherto unknown and untouched. But especially, in so hot a climate, take diligent care of your health, without which all else is little pleasing and useless. Farewell. Paris, the day before the Kalends of July, 1642. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. EPISTOLA XLIV. CL. SARRAVIUS. Alexandro Moro. Genevam. Imputo tibi splendidum munus, quo me nuper donavit Iac. Gothofredus. Philostorgium illum scilicet, tanto ambitu petitum, tanto datum. Tibi inquam illud debeo & imputo; cum sciam nihil a me esse profectum, quo ejus benevolentiam potuerim demereri. Nisi fortassis, qua summa præditus est humanitate, ei libuerit quæ ego laudator sincerus atque candidus virtuti ejus testimonia dedi, dum aliquando ad tescriberem, pro beneficio accipere. Quod ipsum certe totum adhuc muneris erit tui; qui videlicet effeceris, ut levidensis & mustea scriptio mea ei placeret. Gratias ergo magnas ago tibi; & si possem, referrem. Agnoscam enim semper profiteborque libentissime, debere me tibi quod me inter & Gothofredum auspiciis tuis, amicitia coaluerit. Omnem inposterum movebo lapidem ut diutissime perennet; quam in rem tua etiam, amote, laboret opera. Ægre tuli postremas meas tibi non fuisse redditas a sororio meo, cui eas commiseram. Ille certe suæ intempestivæ properationis poenas luit gravissimas (nec acerbiores certum scio exigeres) dum adhuc Toloni hæret, triremisque regias expectat, quæ cum, cum Galliæ ad Venetam Remp. Legato, in Italiam deferant. Voluit etiam aliquid rescire me de tua Epistola Salmasius qui de tuo erga se affectu exultat & triumphat: nec ut ab eo vicissim colaris ullo parario, nedum me, opus habes. De literatis nostris vix habeo quid dicam: nisi Petrum de Marca Comitem Consistorianum, Virum in Antiquitate Ecclesiastica eruditissimum paueis abhinc diebus edidisse ex B. R. Vigilii Papæ Rom. Epistolam Decretalem hactenus incognitam pro confirmatione V. Synodi CP. Occumenicæ. In ea scilicet Pontifex palinodiam canit; retraclatque quæ pro Tribus Capitulis adeo pertinaciter antea dixerat feceratque, ut satius duxerit exulare, quam bene momenti Imperatori Justiniano Concilioque, aures præbere. Quanquam aurem prolixa dissertatione elevare conetur Editor luculentum istud Ecclesiasticæ Historiæ monumentum, facere tamen non potest, quin veritati sua constet autoritas; possimusque illis quandocunque opponere. Vale. Lut. Par. XVI. Aug. CICIXCLII. EPISTOLA XLV. CL. SARRAVIUS Iacobo Gothofredo. Genevam. Donavit me tuo Philostorgio Clarissimus Theodorus frater tuus: idque facere se tuo mandato scire me voluit. Mirorsane prolixam humanitatem tuam, qua me plane tibi ignotum hoc munere devincere voluisti: magisque adhuc F 2
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EPISTLES. EPISTLE XLIV. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Alexander Morus. At Geneva. I charge you with the splendid gift with which Jacobus Gothofredus recently presented me, namely that Philostorgius, so eagerly sought, so generously given. To you, I say, I owe it and I ascribe it; since I know that nothing has proceeded from me by which I could have deserved his goodwill. Unless perhaps, because of the great humanity with which he is endowed, he has been pleased to take as a favor the testimonies I gave, as a sincere and candid admirer of his virtue, when at some time I wrote to him. That indeed will surely still be wholly your gift; you, namely, who brought it about that my rather slight and, so to speak, watery writing pleased him. Therefore I give you great thanks; and if I could, I would return them. For I shall always acknowledge, and most gladly profess, that I owe it to you that friendship has grown up between me and Gothofredus under your auspices. I shall move every stone henceforth to make it last as long as possible; in this matter, my friend, do you also labor with your efforts. I was much distressed that my last letter was not delivered to you by my brother-in-law, to whom I had entrusted it. He is certainly paying the heaviest penalty for his ill-timed haste, nor do I know for certain that you would exact any harsher; for he is still lingering at Toulon and waiting for the royal galleys, which, together with the ambassador of France to the Venetian Republic, are to carry him to Italy. Salmasius also wished to learn something about your letter from me; he who exults and triumphs in the affection you bear toward him. Nor do you need, from anyone else, let alone from me, any urging to be loved in return. I have scarcely anything to say about our men of letters, except that Pierre de Marca, Count of the Consistory, a man most learned in ecclesiastical antiquity, has a few days ago published from the Epistle of Pope St. Vigilius of Rome a decretal hitherto unknown, in confirmation of the Fifth Ecumenical Synod of Constantinople. In it, namely, the Pontiff sings a palinode; and he retracts what he had previously said and done so stubbornly in favor of the Three Chapters, that he judged it better to go into exile than to lend his ears to the Emperor Justinian and the Council. Although the editor, by a lengthy dissertation, tries to weaken that bright monument of ecclesiastical history, yet he cannot prevent truth from maintaining its own authority; and we may, whenever occasion arises, oppose it to them. Farewell. Paris, 16 August, CICIXCLII. EPISTLE XLV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Jacobus Gothofredus. At Geneva. Your distinguished brother Theodorus gave me your Philostorgius; and he wished me to know that he did so by your command. I wonder at your generous kindness, by which you wished to bind to yourself, with this gift, one wholly unknown to you; and even more so... F 2
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CL. S A R R A V I I adhuc mirarer, nisi Mors noster antea significasset, non fuisse tibi ingratam quam aliquando in meis ad se literis, fecissem, de præclaris tuis erga Remp. Literariam meritis, mentionem. Sed non erat id tanti ut amicitiam tuam promererer. Imo tu nimis humanus, qui bonum meum animum, & no- minis tui amantem, tam solido beneficio, tam prolixæ benevolentiæ testi- ficatione compensaveris. Gratias itaque debeo tibi & habeo agoque summas. In utroque deinceps tuo beneficio gloriari mihi licebit; cum in luculentis tuis Dissertationibus possideam thesaurum sinceræ totius Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ: in honore vero quo me affecisti, gaudio meo indulgeam. Experire quæso num gratum habeas debitorem; & si causa inventa est, qua me possim ostendere beneficii memorem, certiorem fac me sedulo: & quicquid autoritate, sedulitate & gratia valebo, valebo tibi. Multam a me salutem accipe, qui suavitatem amicitiæ a te accepi. Lutetiæ Par. xv I I. August. cI I xc XLII. E P I S T O L A XLVI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Iacobo Gothefredo. Genevam. Cum acutissimis nephritidis primum deinde & podagræ, balbutientis licet, doloribus, ex quibus etiamnum decumbo, plurimos dies luctatus, pos- sum apud te absolvi si serius gratissimis tuis respondeo. Absit enim a mori- bus meis ut insuper habeam tam jucundum tamque gloriosum, te compellandi officium. Noli quæso Philostorgiani tui Operis pretium imminuere: quam- vis enim operarum typographicarum pluscula sint peccata, quæ repetita Edi- tio emendabit, ea tamen plurimis melioribus tuis non sunt æquiparanda. Ego sane quam in eo autore, tum eruendo tum edendo & luculentissimis Dissertationibus illustrando posuisti operam, satis prædicare non possum: rogoque ne hujusmodi donariis Musarum templa ornare cesses. Sed præsertim codicem tuum Theodosianum diu est quod omnes flagitant. Cur tua laxas arca flagellat opes? Jurisprudentia nostra istis fundamentis superstructa, firmius innitetur, caputque attollet celsius, si corum robur inconcussum orbi patefeceris. Ma- nuscriptum illum codicem quod attinet, e quo Tilianæ, Cujacianæ, & Pi- thoeanæ editiones expressæ sunt, extare eum audio apud Jo. Tilium Senatus nostri Exactuarium. Quanquam autem post tot tantosque viros, qui eum ver- saverunt, frustra positus videri queat in eo inspiciendo labor, laudo tamen accuratum tuam diligentiam, qua nihil intentatum relinquis, ut omni ex parte absolvas. Num autem difficilis & morosus senex eo libro velit aliquot menses catere, quo possit semper, in tuam literarumque gratiam sedulo dis- quiram, ubi convaluero: teque de ea re omni literis monebo. Lut. Par. Prid. Id. Octob. cI I xc XLII. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS I would still be wondering, were it not that our Mors had previously indicated that the mention I once made in a letter of mine to him, of your distinguished services to the Republic of Letters, had not been unwelcome to you. But it was not such as to make me deserve your friendship. Rather, you are too kind, who have repaid my good will, and my affection for your name, with so substantial a favor, with so long a testimony of benevolence. Therefore I owe you, and have, and tender, my deepest thanks. Henceforth I shall be able to glory in your favor in both respects; since in your splendid Dissertations I possess a treasure of the whole sincere Ecclesiastical History, while in the honor you have shown me I shall take delight in my joy. I beg you to find out whether you have a grateful debtor; and if there is any opportunity by which I may show myself mindful of your kindness, let me know diligently: and whatever I shall be able to do by authority, diligence, and good will, I shall be able to do for you. Accept my warm greetings, I who have received from you the sweetness of friendship. Paris, Aug. 17, 1642. EPISTLE XLVI. CLAUDE SARRAVIUS To James Godefroy. At Geneva. After struggling for many days with the sharp pains of nephritis at first, and then of gout as well, though with faltering speech, from which I am still bedridden, I can be excused before you if I reply later to your most welcome letter. For may it be far from my character to count as extra the duty of addressing you, so pleasant and so glorious. I beg you not to diminish the value of your Philostorgian work: for although there are some errors of the printers’ labor, which a revised edition will correct, still these are not to be compared with your many greater merits. Indeed, I cannot praise enough the effort you have devoted to that author, both in bringing him to light and in publishing him and illustrating him with most brilliant Dissertations; and I beg you not to cease adorning the temples of the Muses with such gifts. But especially your Theodosian codex has long been demanded by all. Why do your wealth, though free, scourge the chest? Our jurisprudence, built upon those foundations, will rest more firmly and lift its head higher, if you make known to the world the unshaken strength of them. As to that manuscript codex from which the editions of Tilianus, Cujacius, and Pithoeus were printed, I hear that it exists with Jo. Tilius, the Exactor of our Senate. Although, however, after so many and so great men who have handled it, the labor of examining it may seem vainly undertaken, I nevertheless praise your careful diligence, because you leave nothing unattempted, so as to complete the work in every respect. But whether that difficult and pedantic old man will wish to keep that book for a few months, so that I may always, for your sake and for the sake of letters, inquire diligently where it may be, when I have recovered: and I shall inform you fully by letter about the matter. Paris, the day before the Ides of October, 1642. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 45 EPISTOLA XLVII. CL. SARRAVIUS. Alexandro Moro. Genevam. Totum tempus rerum prolatarum & quod excurrit , jaceo Vir Reverende & Ornatissime, ex pertinacissima nempe podagra, quæ me etiamnum cruciat; non quidem dolore sed diuturna mora. Facere tamen non possum quin tibi gratuler de nova Theologiæ professione, bonoque quem adeptus es gradu: quanquam ex arctissima, quæ mihi tecum intercedit amicitia, scire me id oportuisset ex literis tuis potius quam ex fama. Vide quam libere & familiariter tecum expostulem, nec in isto initio gravissimas tuas curas reverar. Laudo quod istic resederis nec Genevensium vota precesque rejeceris. Poteras etiam Londini honorificum Ministerium cum gloria & laude excui, sed in continenti quam in insula, ad lacum quam ad mare, tempestas minus sævit. Illic præterea res adeo turbant, ut nulli ordini sua maneat autoritas. Nec pro tua modestia vereri debes ne decessorum tuorum meritis non respondeas. Ausim ego expromittere futurum te omnibus istis statim parem, æqualem, aliquando etiam superiorem. Noli credere me aliquid gratiæ vel amicitiæ dare. Si magnifice loquor, at ore rotundo loquor & in omnium sententiam. Rogo Deum Opt. Max. ut vigiliis laboribusque tuis benedicere pergat: unde nomini ejus honor & gloria, Ecclesiæ utilitas, tibi decus immortale, bonis omnibus mihique imprimis gaudium cumulatissime accedat. Dum hac transiret sæpiuscule me invisit vester Spanhemius, Vir, si quid judico, uti doctus, ita humanus & solers. Ingenti cum plausu hic concionem habuit ad populum. Quam faciles ventos in mari expertus sit, ut ab omnibus gratanter exceptus fuerit, oratione inaugurali maxima cum laude defunctus sit, ipse procul dubio istuc scripserit. Salmasii nostri Hellenisticam scriptionem geminam dudum in Bataviam transmisit: Prior ut loquuntur in scholis, mole stat sua: posterior tota est . Nec tibi in Hellenisticæ Funere ejusve Ossilegio flere necesse erit; nisi forsan ex immoderato risu lacrymas non teneas. Vale v. Cal. Dec. 13 13c XLII. EPISTOLA XLVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS. Petro Cornelio. Rothomagum. Tantum debeo Menagio nostro quantum persolvere difficile est; quod me impulerit ut ad te scriberem, dum fidei meæ epistolam suam & aliquot Ballacii carmina committeret quæ ad te allegarem. Is enim ego, Præstantissime Corneli, qui cum amicitiam tuam auro gemmisque contra caram habeam, tam bellam te compellandi occasionem insuper habere non debuerim. F 3
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EPISTLES. 45 LETTER XLVII. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Alexander Morus. Geneva. For all the time that things have been delayed, and for whatever time has yet passed, I have been lying up, Reverend and Most Eminent Sir, from a most obstinate gout, which still torments me; not indeed with pain, but with long delay. Yet I cannot but congratulate you on your new professorship of Theology and on the good degree you have attained; although, because of the very close friendship that exists between us, I ought to have learned this from your letters rather than from common report. See how freely and familiarly I complain to you, and how I do not spare even your most weighty cares at this beginning. I commend you for having settled there and not rejected the votes and prayers of the Genevans. You could even have pursued an honorable ministry in London with glory and praise, but on the continent than on the island, near a lake than by the sea, the storm rages less fiercely. Moreover, affairs there are so disturbed that no order retains its authority. Nor, in view of your modesty, need you fear that you will not measure up to the merits of your predecessors. I venture to say that you will at once be equal to all of them, and in time even superior. Do not think that I am yielding anything to partiality or friendship. If I speak magnificently, I speak with full voice, and in the judgment of all. I pray God Almighty to continue to bless your watchful labors: so that honor and glory may be added most fully to His name, usefulness to the Church, immortal credit to you, and joy to all good men, and especially to me. While passing through here, your Spanheim visited me more than once, a man who, if I judge rightly, is learned, humane, and resourceful as well. He preached a sermon here to the people with great applause. How favorable the winds he encountered at sea were, how he was gladly received by all, and how he discharged his inaugural address with the highest praise, he himself will no doubt have written to you. He sent long ago to Holland the two Hellenistic compositions of our Salmasius: the first, as they say in the schools, stands firm by its bulk; the second is wholly ... You will not need to weep at his Hellenistic funeral or his ossilegium, unless perhaps you cannot restrain tears from excessive laughter. Farewell. 13 Dec., the 13th day before the Kalends of December. 13 13c XLII. EPISTLE XLVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Peter Cornelius. Rouen. I owe our Menagius so much that it is hard to repay; this is what prompted me to write to you, while he entrusted to my keeping a letter of mine and several poems by Ballacius, which I was to forward to you. For I am he, most distinguished Cornelius, who, though I hold your friendship dearer than gold and jewels, should not moreover have had so fair an occasion to address you. F 3
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CL. S A R R A V I I rim. Ut valeas tu cum tuis Musis scire imprimis desidero: & utrum tribus eximiis & divinis tuis dramatis quartum adjungere mediteris. Sed præsertim excitandæ sunt illæ tuæ Divæ, ut aliquod carmen te seque dignum pangant su- per Magni Panis obitu. Multis ille quidem flebilis occidit; Nulli flebilior quam tibi, Corneli. Ille tamen volens nolens Apollinari laurea caput tuum redunivisset, si perennaslet diutius. Operum saltem tuorum insignem lauda- torem amisisti: Sed non eget virtus tua ullius præconio: quippe quæ per universum terrarum orbem, Qua sol exoritur, quo sol se gurgite mergit, la- tissime simul cum gloria tua diffusa, tot admiratores nacta est, quot vivunt eruditi & candidi. In tanto igitur argumento silere te posse vix credam. Istud tamen omne fuerit tui arbitrii. Invito non si va in Parnasso. Inaudivi nescio quid de aliquo tuo poenate sacro, quod an affectum an perfectum sit, quæso rescribe: meque meritorum tuorum assertorem, si ullo egeres, fortem credo bonumque. Vale & me, ut facere te scio, diligere perge. Lut. Par. Prid. Id. Decemb. CIC LIX XLII. E P I S T O L A XLIX. CL. S A R R A V I U S Federico Gronovio. Daventriam. Dudum gratissimas tuas ab optimo Riveto accepi. Citius rescripsissem, sed non erant singula parata de quibus rogaveras: quæ jam universa comparent. Eximia imprimis Bullialdi Philolai Redivivi Diatriba de Eclipsi solari Livianum indicans. Ostendit Patavinum illum histori- cum errasse; cum Decadis IV. Lib. VII. ad A. U. C. DLXIII. L. Cornelio Scipione, & C. Lælio Nepote COSS. Eclipsin Solis factam narrat: quam alio anno accidisse, ex Astrologorum demonstrat. Sic decet etiam in veteres inquirete, nec semper pecudum more sequi præeuntes. Sed omni- no pauci sunt, quibus eo affurgere datur. Illi etiam pauci tanquam Gigantum filii contra Deos pugnare arguuntur: adeo laborem omnem fugitamus, sa- tiusque ducimus errare cum cæteris, quam invia sectari. Poterit certe hic pannus purpuræ tuæ attexi. Inter defuncti Buccardi chartas nulla Liviana ex- cerpta comparuere. Bene tibi succedere Daventriensem secessum ex animo gratulor. Recitationes solemnes tibi deinceps faciliores evadent: sed ex re- motiores nos non afficiunt, quibus tamen, te amo, aliquatenus consule. Quid Seneca Tragico, quid Alexiade factum sit? gratum erit ex te intellige- re. In isto angulo licebit severiores Musas suaviter colere Si quid autem ex istarum Virginum complexu edas, nos, credo, participes facies. Sed non tantum natalem diem, sed etiam conceptionis pæne dixerim mo- mentum scire volo. Verum heus tu! potuisse te suspicari pusillum illum Dia- logum Magni nostri Hedui foetum esse! Credat hoc Boxhornius, cujus inter- est tam nobili adversario sese jactare: te vero qui cum intus & in cute nosti istud
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CL. SARRAVIUS rim. I especially desire to know how you and your Muses are; and whether you are considering adding a fourth to your three excellent and divine dramas. But especially must those your goddesses be stirred up, that they may compose some song worthy of you and of themselves on the death of the Great Pan. “Many indeed he died for, lamentable”; to no one more lamentable than to you, Cornelius. Yet he, willing or unwilling, would have wreathed your head with Apollo’s laurel, if he had lived longer. At least you have lost a distinguished praise-giver of your works: but your virtue needs no one’s trumpet, since it, spread most widely through the whole orb of the earth, where the sun rises and where the sun sinks into the deep, together with your glory, has found as many admirers as there are cultivated and sincere men alive. In so great a subject I can hardly believe you could keep silence. Yet all that shall be entirely at your discretion. “No one is forced into Parnassus.” I have heard something, I know not what, about some sacred household god of yours; whether it is begun or finished, I beg you write back: and I believe myself a steadfast and good defender of your merits, if you should need any. Farewell, and continue, as I know you do, to love me. Lut. Par. The day before the Ides of December, 1659. XLII. EPISTLE XLIX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Federico Gronovius. At Deventer. Long ago I received your most welcome letter through the excellent Rivet. I should have replied sooner, but not all the particulars you asked about were ready; now they are all at hand. First among them is Bullialdus’ excellent Diatribe of Philolaus Revived, on the solar eclipse, indicating Livy. He shows that that Patavian historian was mistaken, when in Decade IV, Book VII, for the year of the city 563, under the consuls L. Cornelius Scipio and C. Laelius Nepos, he relates that an eclipse of the sun occurred: the astronomers demonstrate that it happened in another year. Thus it is fitting also to investigate the ancients, and not always to follow those who go before like cattle. But there are altogether few to whom it is granted to rise to that height. Those few too are accused as though they were the sons of Giants fighting against the gods: so much do we shun all labor, and think it better to err with the rest than to pursue the pathless way. Certainly this scrap may be sewn onto your purple robe. Among the papers of the deceased Buccard no Livian excerpts appeared. I sincerely congratulate you on your prosperous move to Deventer. Your public recitations will afterward become easier; but those farther away do not concern us, though I would have you, for my sake, attend to them somewhat. What has become of Seneca the Tragic, and of the Alexiad? It will be pleasing to learn from you. In that corner it will be possible to cultivate the stricter Muses sweetly. But if you publish anything from the embrace of those Virgins, you will, I think, make us partners in it. Yet I want to know not only the day of the birth, but I would almost say even the moment of conception. But come now! to have suspected that that little Dialogue was the offspring of our great Heduus! Let Boxhornius believe that, for his own interest lies in boasting against so noble an adversary; but you, who know it both within and beneath the skin, that
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EPISTOLA. 47 istud in animum induxisse tuum, mirari satis non possum. Non solet ille tam levidensi scriptione defungi. Quoties ei libuit calamum aliquo felle ma- didum stringere, Tum magnum stridens contorta phalarica venit Fulminis acta modo: sequiturque e vulnere sanguis. Vapulet itaque Dialogista, qui te etiam voluit impetere. Nihil hoc ad Semo- nem nostrum, quite palam amat & colit, tantum abest ut per alterius latus vellicet aut etiam feriat. Age causam tuam fortiter, discatque ludio ille suo periculo, cautius de hominibus eruditissimis sermones habendos. Bonis nocet, quisquis malis pepercerit. In Basilicis Latio donandis totus est Fabrotus: priore Volumine absoluto, in altero pergit, aliaque suo ordine exequetur eo alacrius, quod ea quæ in MSS. codicibus Bibliothecæ Regiæ desiderabantur Romæ nuper reperta sint; unde hiatum replere ingentem fuerit jucundissimum. De ejus Agellio ne per somnium quidem auditum aliquid est mihi. Si de eo cogitas, in hoc stadio solus cures. Quod Illustrissimi Thuani necem deses, facis quod boni viri est & literarum amantis. Tam atrocis sævitiæ autori non diu fuit impune. Post innumera de sacerruno capite dira elogia uno verbo ciparentatus ero, si mihi dictus sit Vir ferus & Francos cupienti perdere fato Sufficiens. Quod olim una voce mutata de Mario Lucanus dixerat. Superest in Thuana domo unus Iacobus Augustus brevi cooptandus in Senatum nostrum; in quo Pater, Avus, Atavus primas sedes summo cum honore & pari dignitate tenuer: polletque hic superstes iis dotibus, quibus se tanti nominis dignum hæredem probet. Bibliothecæ nihil deperit, quæ cum omni defuncti patrimonio, post Cardinalis demum obitum, fratri a Regedonata est. De Tennulio tuo nihil scribo, quippe qui nesciam hic an istic degat. Disquiram sedulo qua in parte officium meum possit ei esse jucundum vel etiam utile; usque adeo velim animum meum ei declarare. Amicus noster primo vere serio in Bataviam cogitat. Fuit enim, qui vincula illi parabat, quæ aurea licet, dura tamen & molesta. Interim de Militia Romana commentatur, docetque quam diversa fuerit sub Consulibus & sub Cæsaribus. Patritio, Lipsio, Savilio, cæterisque intentatum opus, arduum & difficile. Longiusculæ epistolæ modo, crediderat olim posse omne istud definiri, & absolvi: sed jam sententiam mutat grandiusque volumen promittit, quod majoris adhuc operis ad Arausionensem Principem erit vice Apparatus. Sed quid vos de ejus Hellenisticis censetis? Tu præsertim quid de Offilegio? Scribe quæso & libere scribe. Nisi enim me viri amor turbat, vix aliquid majori cum fructu, venustate, & elegantia ab eo unquam fuisse scriptum edico. Isaacus Habertus Doctor Sorbonicus sive Pontificalem librum Græcorum cum versione & observationibus nuper edidit satis amplo volumine: in quod plurima congesta, quæ ad istius gentis Ecclesiæque præsertim ritus explicandos faciant. Alii Eu- cholo-
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EPISTLE. 47 I cannot sufficiently wonder that you should have brought this into your mind. He is not accustomed to get off with so slight a writing. Whenever he has liked to draw his pen, soaked in some gall, Then came the great whirring phalarica, hurled like lightning: and blood follows from the wound. So let the Dialogist be punished, who even wished to attack you. This has nothing to do with our Semonius, who openly loves and honors you, so far is he from nipping or even striking at you through another man’s side. Go stoutly forward with your cause, and let that wretch learn, at his own peril, that conversations about very learned men must be handled more cautiously. Whoever spares the bad harms the good. Fabrotus is wholly occupied with presenting the Basilics to Latin: having finished the first volume, he goes on with the second, and will carry out the rest in order all the more eagerly because those passages which were missing in the manuscripts of the Royal Library have recently been found at Rome; from this it will be most delightful to fill such a great gap. I have not so much as heard in a dream anything about his Agellius. If you are thinking of it, attend to it yourself in this contest. In regard to the death of the most illustrious Thuani, you are doing what is fitting for a good man and a lover of letters. The author of so atrocious a cruelty did not long go unpunished. After countless dreadful encomiums on that most sacred head, I shall be, in a single word, joined to him in mourning, if he is called to me as A wild man, and one sufficient by fate desiring to destroy the French, As Lucanus once said of Marius with one changed word. There remains in the house of Thuani only James Augustus, soon to be admitted into our Senate; in which his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather held the foremost seats with the highest honor and equal dignity. And he, surviving them, has those qualities by which he may prove himself a worthy heir of so great a name. The Library suffers no loss, since together with all the property of the deceased, after the Cardinal’s death at last, it has been restored to his brother at Regedonata. I write nothing about your Tennulius, since I do not know whether he lives here or there. I shall diligently inquire in what way my service may be pleasant or even useful to him; so much do I wish to make my feelings known to him. Our friend is seriously thinking, by early spring, of going to Batavia. For there was someone preparing chains for him, chains which, though golden, were still hard and troublesome. Meanwhile he is writing on the Roman Military, and showing how different it was under the Consuls and under the Caesars. A task unattempted by Patritius, Lipsius, Savilius, and the rest—arduous and difficult. With only rather long letters, he once believed that all this could be settled and completed: but now he changes his mind and promises a larger volume, which will be for the Prince of Orange in place of an Apparatus, as a still greater work. But what do you think of his Hellenistic studies? And especially what do you think of Offilegium? Write, I beg you, and write freely. For unless my affection for the man deceives me, I scarcely declare that anything has ever been written by him with greater profit, charm, and elegance. Isaac Habertus, a Doctor of the Sorbonne, has recently published the Pontifical Book of the Greeks with translation and notes, in a fairly large volume: into which a great deal has been gathered that is useful for explaining the rites especially of that nation and of the Church. Others Eu- cholo-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Alexandro Moro. Genevam. B Inas a te accepi, quibus unis hisce respondebo. Priores diu est quod reddidit Gothosredus tuus: dumque ut paria facerem ejus ad vos reditum expectabam, alteras Candalius sororius attulit nuper. Hac ergo fidelia duos istos parietes dealbabo, unoque nummo sestertio duo nomina, si pateris, expungam. Postremum hunc de rebus tuis sollicite interrogavi, imo utrumque, quorum i n fuere testimonia. Uterque enim de tuo erga literas & literatos studio, de doctissimis tuis recitationibus, de homiliis ad populum eruditis & elegantibus, de magnis, ut absolvam, virtutibus, magnaque inde fama, præclara & magnifica pronuntiavit. Blanda suspensam vicissim gaudia mentem meam pertentavere. Mentiar enim si dixero aliquid unquam mihi auditum jucundius. Quamvis enim omnia ista animo præcepissem & voto speique meæ belle respondeant, gratissimum tamen fuit ex illis intelligere, omnia eo ordine procedere quo arbitratus fueram. Tibi itaque gratulor tam felicia novæ Professionis initia, Deumque veneror ut quo coepisti pede, sic semper ire det & decurrere. Si tu quoque de rebus meis scire cupis; omnia tristia & parum grata audies. Post unici & dilectissuni fratris obitum, quid amplius voluptatis sperem in hac lacrymarum valle. Quo præivit ille ad Deum Immortalem brevi sequar, ita opto & voveo. Post sororem fratremque, ambos anno & altero me majores natu, tertius numerabar, qui jam sum primus. Meum est itaque hunc naturæ ordinem non deserere; & qua in statione me collocavit Æternus Imperator, mandata ejus, vel potius missionem, operiri. Libenti animo adveniet mihi hora illa novissima, quandocunque advenerit, homini nondum quidem quadragenario: sed corpore tamen imbecillo fractoque; animoque parum vegeto, imo languente. Et nisi tu paucique alii tui similes succurreretis, & tædia mea recrearetis, verum dico, labascerem animo deficeremque; forensibus negotiis, tutelaribusque quibus premor curis impar futurus. Inter paucos illos numero magnum illum Heduum Lentulum meum, qui me inter sua cara putat, quemque etiam summe depereo. Mitte autem quando libuerit quæ ad eum destinas, ea præsens præsenti reddam. Hic jam habeo multas illius sarcinas, haberemque etiam earum Dominum, nisi levicula tertiana eum aliquot dies remorata esset. Afferet secum suum de Militia Roma na Commentarium, quo neotericorum omnium crassos & pæne pudendos erro-
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CL. SARRAVIUS To Alexander Moro. Geneva. I received your two letters, and to these alone I shall reply. The first was returned a long time ago by your Gothosredus; and while I was awaiting his return to you, so that I might make things even, the other was recently brought by your brother-in-law Candalius. With this faithful one, then, I shall whitewash those two walls, and with one sestertius, if you allow it, I shall strike out the two names. I carefully questioned him last about your affairs, indeed both of them, whose testimony was i n there. For each spoke highly of your devotion to letters and men of learning, of your most learned lectures, of your learned and elegant sermons to the people, and, to conclude, of your great virtues, and of the great fame that follows from them, declaring them excellent and splendid. Kindly hopes in turn stirred my anxious mind. For I should be lying if I said that anything had ever reached my ears more pleasing. For although I had anticipated all these things in my mind, and they correspond well with my wish and hope, it was nevertheless most welcome to learn from them that everything is proceeding in the order I had believed it would. So I congratulate you on the happy beginnings of your new Profession, and I pray God that He may grant you to continue and run always with the same step with which you began. If you too wish to know about my affairs, you will hear everything sad and not at all pleasant. After the death of my only and dearest brother, what more pleasure can I hope for in this valley of tears? I shall soon follow him to the immortal God, as I desire and vow. After my sister and brother, both older than me by a year and a bit, I was counted third; now I am first. It is therefore mine not to desert this order of nature, and to await the commands, or rather the dismissal, of the Eternal Emperor in the station where He has placed me. That very last hour will come to me gladly, whenever it comes, though I am not yet forty: yet my body is weak and broken, and my mind not very vigorous, indeed languishing. And if you and a few others like you did not come to my aid, and relieve my weariness, I tell the truth, I should falter in spirit and fail, unable to cope with forensic business and the burdensome responsibilities of guardianship. Among those few I count my dear Hedius Lentulus, who thinks of me among his intimates and whom I also greatly love. Send, whenever you wish, what you intend for him, and I shall hand it over to him in person when he is present. Here I already have many of his bags, and I would even have their Master as well, were it not that a slight tertian fever had delayed him for several days. He will bring with him his Commentary on the Roman Military Service, in which the coarse and almost shameful errors of all the moderns-
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EPISTOLÆ. 49 errores recludit. Illi enim consularem & Polybianam militiam ab ea, quæ sub Cæsaribus obtinuit, non discreverunt: & dum utramque confundunt, omnia susque deque habent, & . Afferet etiam alium plane Theologicum, de quo aliquid ulli dieere vetor. Mirabimini in materia sæpius agitata, tot novas cogitationes & intacta argumenta. Funus Hellenisticæ Heinlum pæne ad restim redegit. Omnes docti & prohi in amiei nostri sententiam palam eunt. Familiam duxere Gerardus Vossius, Constantinus Imperator, Joannes Laetius, quos numeri innumeri sequuti sunt. Vergit ad umbilicum pars ; quæstionem ipsa illa semoto ullo singulari adversario, perpendit & negotium conficit. Vale. Lut. Paris. Cal. Iun. CL. SARRAVIUS. Alexandro Moro. Genevam. Optime More manum victricem mille laborum Contigimus; Mi More manum, qua doctior unquam Nulla fuit. Præsens nempe præsenti, Claudiorum maximo, epistolam tuam reddidi, cui ille quam hie habes reposuit. Valet eum suis & Bataviam primo vento cogitat. Dum hie moratur illum omnes Regni ordines, ita virtutes ejus merentur, sollicite & curiose invisunt. Vult [n]o[n] Mazarinus [n]o[n] volunt cæteri omnes eum Lutetiæ detinere Attalicis conditionibus, quas omnes aspernatur ut Leidam denuo repetat, ibique possit suo arbitrio vivere & scribere. Ubi deambulabit in porticu sua cum omnibus Musis rationem habebit, & tum liceat isti Heroi, rapi ad spem immortalitatis, nobis admirationis. Faxit Deus ut vir ille incomparabilis & merito suo literarii sæculi Phoenix, æterna vita dignissimus, diutissime perennet, & quiete deinceps apud suos ævum agitet, quo possit omnes thesauros suos grato orbi patefacere & late spargere. Gronovius Livio suo æternum addictus implebit Patavium suo nomine. Tot eximia in unum caput congerit, ut pulehre Turnebum referre mihi videatur; non autem jejunos illos, qui ut plurimum leves nugas magno & prolixo studio popello venditant. Nuper scripsit Legatus Gotthicus Vindicias pro sua Dissertatione De origine Gentium Americanarum contra Joannem Laetium, qui satis modeste & eiviliter cum eo egerat. Ille tamen quod Clarissimus tantum illie audiat, non etiam Illustrissimus & Excellentissimus, obtrectatorem vocat; Opaca quem bonum facit barba. An istas elegantes injurias, æquo animo vir bonus sit laturus, tempus palam faciet. Vale. Paris. Prid. Non Novemb. G EPI-
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EPISTLES. 49 he uncovers errors. For they did not distinguish the consular and Polybian military service from that which prevailed under the Caesars; and while they confuse the two, they throw everything into disorder, and . He will also bring forward another point, altogether theological, about which I am forbidden to say anything to anyone. You will be amazed, in a matter so often discussed, to find so many new thoughts and untouched arguments. The funeral of Hellenistic Heinlum has almost brought him to the noose. All the learned and eminent men in our friend’s circle openly take his side. Gerardus Vossius, Constantinus Imperator, and Joannes Laetius have led the way, followed by countless multitudes. The argument is drawing to a close; the question itself, with every particular difficulty set aside, weighs the matter and settles the business. Farewell. Paris, June 1. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Alexander Morus. At Geneva. Most excellent Morus, we have reached the conquering hand after a thousand labors; My Morus, a hand more learned than which None has ever existed. In person, and to one present with the greatest of the Claudii, I delivered your letter, to which he has sent back the reply you now have. He is well, and is thinking of returning to Batavia at the first favorable wind. While he is staying here, all the orders of the realm, as his virtues deserve, visit him with anxious and eager attention. Mazarin does not wish him to remain at Paris, nor do all the others, under the conditions of an Attalus, which he despises all alike, so that he may return again to Leyden and there be able to live and write at his own discretion. There, walking in his colonnade with all the Muses, he will give an account of himself; and then let this Hero be allowed to be borne toward the hope of immortality, and for us toward admiration. May God grant that that incomparable man, and by his own merit the Phoenix of the literary age, most worthy of eternal life, may long endure, and thereafter spend his life in peace among his own, so that he may reveal all his treasures to the grateful world and scatter them abroad widely. Gronovius, devoted forever to his Livy, will fill Padua with his name. He heaps so many outstanding qualities into one head that he seems to me beautifully to recall Turnebus; not those lean fellows who for the most part sell light trifles to the common people with great and prolonged effort. Recently the Gothic envoy wrote a Vindication of his Dissertation On the Origin of the American Nations against Joannes Laetius, who had dealt with him with sufficient modesty and civility. Yet since he hears him addressed only as Clarissimus, not also Illustrissimus and Excellentissimus, he calls him a detractor; a good beard makes him look dark. Whether a good man will bear such elegant insults with equanimity, time will openly show. Farewell. Paris, the day before the Nones of November. G EPI-
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CL. SARRAVI EPISTOLA LII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Diepam. DE te valetudineque tua, semper ero sollicitus, donec de statu tuo aliquid rescivero. Citissime itaque quæso rescribe, quid te tuisque actum sit. Res hic eodem sunt loco, quo erant ante discessum tuum. Rogaverat Millete- rius prima mensis Facultatem Theologicam libello supplici, ut approbaret quoddam suum scriptum, ad præscriptum quinque Doctorum Sorbonicæ Do- mus a se concinnatum. Recusavit illa hominis etiamnum in communione hæ- retica (ita eis lubet nos infamare) viventis, librum inspicere. Veni ad nos, inquiunt venerabiles illi patres, tum demum de tua doctrina cognoscemus, an sit Catholica? tuos libros tantum legimus ut condemnemus. Itaque miser ille nescit quo se vertat. Tria vegrandia Volumina Loyolitæ prostant, in quorum postremo Wallo Messalinus, nebulo, Catharus, Trapezita au- dit, cum hujusmodi elegantiæ flosculis innumeris. Autor tibi sum ne lectione infamis scripti oculos tuos polluas. Quis enim pudor aut modus convicio- rum? At dignis si male dicitur: benedictum est meo quidem animo. In iis quas ad Laetium nostrum & Rivetum dedi literis, magnifice insignem tuam generositatem, qua omnes nostros aulicos cum suis amplis honorariis despuisti, prædicavi. Faxit benignum Numen ut quam merito illis prætulisti liberta- tem, diutissime erga Ecclesiam officiis impendas. Vale Virorum Maxime cum heroina tua, totaque domo; & si mereor, amare perge. Lut. Par. Prid. Id. NOV. CICICXLIII. Superiora heri scripseram, nescius quo ea destinarem? Liberavere me ista hæsitatione literæ tuæ, de quibus gratias habeo summas. Iter tuum satis feliciter processisse gaudeo: utinam de plenissime recuperata tua valetudine, brevi nos facias certiores, ventumque nanciscaris , qui te paucis horis in alteram illam patriam tuam deferat. Pauca habeo quæ prioribus addam. Eadem quæ ad Laetium & Rivetum, dixi quoque Hoeuf- fio, prolixissime. Effert ille in cælum nobilitatem animi tui, promisitque apud dominos suos acturum sese, ut liberalius tecum deinceps agant. Con- venit me hodie Peyrerius, dixitque velle se edere opusculum illud suum, quo docere conatur ante Adamum extitisse alios homines: consiliumque suum esse illud tibi inscribendi, sub hoc titulo, Somnium Nobilis Aquitani de Præ- Adamitis, allusione scilicet facta ad scomma Grotii. Rogabat num proba- rem ut experiretur: se nihil de hisce statuere, sed tantum sententiam suam modeste proponere, circa quam invocaret eruditorum judicia. Respondi me ad te relaturum. Tu veroscribe quid ei faciendum sit. Caussium rogavi ut te officiis omnibus demereretur. Puteani te salutant, totaque circumfusa cohors. Utere jure tuo in me meosque. Iterum vale. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVI EPISTLE LII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Dieppe. I shall always be anxious about your health and welfare until I learn something of your condition. So I beg you to write back as quickly as possible, telling me what has happened to you and yours. Matters here are in the same state as before your departure. At the beginning of the month Milletier had petitioned the Faculty of Theology, asking it to approve a certain writing of his, composed according to the instructions of five Doctors of the Sorbonne. The Faculty refused to examine the book of a man still living in heretical communion (thus they are pleased to calumniate us). “Come to us,” say those venerable fathers; “only then shall we learn whether your doctrine is Catholic; we have read only your books in order to condemn you.” Thus the poor fellow does not know which way to turn. Three huge volumes of Loyola are for sale, in the last of which Wallo Messalinus is called a rogue, a Cathar, a banker, along with innumerable similar elegant little phrases. I warn you not to pollute your eyes by reading that infamous writing. For what shame or restraint is there in such abuse? But if ill is spoken of the deserving, it is, in my judgment, a blessing. In the letters which I sent to our Laetius and Rivetus, I spoke magnificently of your distinguished generosity, by which you spurned all our courtiers with their ample fees. May the kindly Deity grant that the liberty you have preferred to them so deservedly may for a very long time be devoted to services on behalf of the Church. Farewell, greatest of men, with your heroine and your whole household; and if I deserve it, continue to love me. Paris, the day before the Ides of November, 1643. I had written the foregoing yesterday, not knowing to whom I should send it. Your letter freed me from that hesitation, and I thank you most warmly for it. I am glad that your journey has gone on well enough; would that you may soon let us know that your health has been fully restored, and that you may catch a wind which in a few hours will carry you to that other homeland of yours. I have little to add to what I wrote before. The same things which I said to Laetius and Rivetus I also said at length to Hoeuffius. He extols to the skies the nobility of your character, and has promised that he will speak with his masters so that they may deal more generously with you in future. Peyrerius visited me today and said that he wished to publish that little work of his in which he tries to prove that other men existed before Adam; and that he intended to dedicate it to you under the title, Dream of a Nobleman of Aquitaine on the Pre-Adamites, alluding, of course, to Grotius’ jest. He asked whether I approved of his trying it, saying that he determined nothing on these matters, but merely proposed his opinion modestly, and would call upon the judgment of the learned concerning it. I replied that I would report it to you. Write back, then, what ought to be done with him. I asked Caussius to commend himself to you in every possible service. The Puteani send greetings, and the whole surrounding company as well. Use your right over me and mine. Farewell again. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. EPISTOLA LIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Ex binis Riveti nostri literis, quod ex unis tuis maluissem, gratissimum fuit intelligere maritimum tuum iter satis feliciter processisse; teque tandem cum tuis omnibus Lugdunum Batavorum adventasse. Vota ad Deum feceram, cum summa animi contentione, pro salute tua, rogabamque ut eorum reus fierem. Nunc ipsi Deo immortali ago gratias, quod vota precesque nostras audierit, eumque veneror ut ea statione, diutissime sanus & contentus vivas: Non plane inutilem tibi fuisse meam ad Caussium commendationem, ex animo gaudeo. Monitus ab eo te solvisse, grandem epistolarum fasciculum ad Rivetum destinavi, ut eum tibi reddi curaret. In eo erant binæ meæ. Scribit ille se cum amico Roterodamum proficiscenti credidisse, qui præsens præsenti redderet. Quid eo factum sit, & an ad te Leydam redierit fac quæso sciam: nonnulla enim in eo habebantur, quæ te scire juvabit. Epistolæ ad Menagium editio, testudineo gradu procedit. Decem tamen folia sunt excusa. Priora sex ante aliquot dies juveni cuidam in aulam vestram abiturienti tradidi, qui ad te ea deferret. Sex supersunt quæ hoc reliquo mense absoluta iri confido. Typographum urgeo quantum possum, hortatibus insto, posco atque adeo flagito, & iratis precibus. quid inde? Nosti quam lentum sit omne istud negotium præsertim apud nos. Coactus sum correctionis tædium devorare, cum Menagius satis infæliciter eo semel bisve esset efunctus. Recepit Menagius ad te scribendi provinciam super Epistola tua ad summum Ærarii Quæstorem, quem audivi non cunctatum in respondendo, sed iis verbis, ex quibus certior suas nihil ab ejus ingenio animove, licet intepronis, expectandum. Ita homo est ut bene velit sed nihil potessit. Narrabat nuper Milleterius (infelix amisso filio in nupera clade Germanica pater) se de te plenissime collocutum esse cum Emerio, qui effecturum sese pollicetur, ut istinc cum honorario II. M. coronatorum a Regina evoceris. Aderat Bau- truvius qui non potuit continere se, quin te parum catum aulicum denotaret. Tu vero, Vir Generosissime, qui eos omnes coram cum suis muneribus despuisti, istis, sat scio, non moveberis. Misit ad me Gronovius noster aliquot octerniones suæ Diatribæ de Sestertiis: si quid judico, plena est bonæ frugis. Vercor ne te cupido capiat edendi operis tui de Re Nummaria: Imo utinam te caperet. Sed alia habes, quæ agas majoris momenti. Sæpius monui tum Vi- duam Pelæam, tum Solyum, ut quandocunque libros in Hollandiam destinabunt, quos hic apud me reliquisti, suis mercimoniis adjungere ne graventur; G 2 nec
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EPISTLES. EPISTLE LIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. From Rivet’s two letters, though I should have preferred one from you, it was most gratifying to learn that your sea voyage had gone forward quite successfully, and that at last you had arrived at Lugdunum Batavorum with all yours. I had made vows to God, and with the utmost earnestness of spirit I prayed for your safety, and asked that I might be accountable for them. Now I give thanks to God Almighty Himself that He has heard our vows and prayers, and I entreat Him that in that station you may live, for a very long time, in health and contentment: I am sincerely glad that my recommendation of you to Caussius was not wholly useless. Being informed by him that you had set out, I sent a large packet of letters to Rivet, asking him to have it delivered to you. In it were two letters from me. He writes that he entrusted it to a friend setting out for Rotterdam, who was to return it in person to the person present. What came of it, and whether it returned to you at Leyden, I beg you to let me know: for there were certain matters in it that it will be useful for you to know. The edition of the Letters to Ménage is proceeding at a tortoise’s pace. Yet ten sheets have been printed. I handed the first six, some days ago, to a certain young man departing to your court, who was to deliver them to you. Six remain, which I hope will be completed in the course of this remaining month. I press the printer as much as I can; I urge him with exhortations, demand it of him, indeed I even importune him with angry entreaties. What comes of it? You know how slow all such business is, especially among us. I was forced to swallow the weariness of correcting proofs, since Ménage himself had already gone through that task rather unhappily once or twice. Ménage has taken upon himself the task of writing to you concerning your letter to the Chief Treasurer of the Treasury, whom I hear did not delay in replying, but in such terms that one may be certain nothing is to be expected from his character or mind, however upright. Such a man he is: willing enough, but able to do nothing. Milleterius recently related—an unfortunate father, having lost his son in the recent German disaster—that he had spoken very fully about you with Emerius, who promises that he will bring it about that you are summoned from there by the Queen with an honorary 2,000 crowns. Bautruvius was present, and could not restrain himself from remarking that you were a somewhat unpolished courtier. But you, most noble Sir, who despised them all in person along with their gifts, will, I know full well, not be moved by such things. Our Gronovius sent me several quires of his Diatribe on Sestertii: if I judge rightly, it is full of good grain. I fear lest eagerness to publish your work on Coinage seize you: nay, I wish rather that it would seize you. But you have other things of greater importance to do. I have often reminded both the Widow Pelaea and Solyus that whenever they send books to Holland, those which you left here with me should not be neglected, but added to their own merchandise; G 2 nec
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CL. SARRAVI nec hilum profeci. Facere non potui quin hasce nobilissimi juvenis & erudi- tissimi Jo. Georgii Richteri, ad te curarem. Si qua juvare potes ejus studia quæso rescribe, magnamque à me gratiam invieris. Et sane est ille si quis- quam tui admirator summus. Nihil habeo quod addam. Num possunt pedes, manus, caput? num possunt omnia? Expectabo a te prima quaque die pro hisce non prolixis, longe uberrimas, quibus de valentudine tua, statu, re- bus, consiliisque in posterum tuis affatim monebis. Interim vale, & si me- reor, amare perge. Reverendo Spanhemio & Eximio Latio, multam a me salutem. Sed hui! poene oblitus sum de Ebenbitare, quod pro Cadomensi no- stro Ossilegulo, rogo, flagito. Si epistolium addideris, & hoc ipsum rogo, & quæso impetrem: Audeo spondere futurum te illi semper ut olim amicissi- mum: vale. Prid. Idus Decemb. CIC XLIII. EPISTOLA LIV. CL. S A L M A S I V S Claudio Sarravio. Lutetiam. Nisi pactum conventum quod utrique nostrum placuit (ut invicem Latine scriberemus) ratum esse vellem, quia ita promisi, tuque stipulatus es, irritum ego mallem: adeo me deterrent a scribendo quas binas a tenuper Latine scriptas accepi: Sed quoniam pridem didici & assuevi officiis a te vinci, ne hac quidem in parte superiorem te esse turpe existimabo, aut moleste feram. Si tamen credidissem adeo promptam & paratam tibi esse, & quasi in nume- rato puræ Latinitatis copiam: haud facile tecum in hoc certamen descendissem, nec tam temere hoc pactum inivissem. Hujus communem conditionem esse velim, ut more Romano literas inscribamus; Cicero Cæsari, Cæsar Cice- roni. Hac fiet honesta libertate, ut quod maxime cupimus, istud literarum commercium continuetur. Vale & me ama. Leydæ. Non. Dec. CIC XLIII. EPISTOLA LV. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Leydam. Ego quoque binas a te accepi, utrasque molestas, sed Gallicam molestissi- mam. Amicus enim ille noster, qui etiam singulis hebdomadibus Ha- gacomitis solet ad me scriptitare, expostulatoriam de te satis gravem hac vice exaravit. Queritur scilicet se nullo suo merito durius a te acceptum: eo quod Brasleti litteras, quæ tibi tanquam Professori honorario inscribebantur, mi- sisset; quasi a se hoc illi esset suggestum in tui offensionem & injuriam, quod sancte jurat a se non factum, non cogitatum. Cautius deinceps sibi tecum agendum, quando ita suspiciose & acerbe cum amicis agas. Se sane multa ma- la tua caussa perpessum, mitius & humanius tractari debuisse, quam ut alie- num.
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CL. SARRAVIUS I have accomplished next to nothing. I could not help arranging that these matters of the most noble and learned young man Jo. Georgius Richter should be sent to you. If you can help his studies in any way, I beg you to write back, and you will earn me a great favor. And truly he is, if anyone is, your greatest admirer. I have nothing to add. Can feet, hands, the head? can everything? I shall expect from you, at the earliest possible day, in return for these few lines, a much more ample letter, in which you will fully inform me of your health, your condition, your affairs, and your future plans. Meanwhile, farewell, and, if I deserve it, continue to love me. Give my warm greetings to the Reverend Spanhemius and the eminent Latinius. But ah! I had almost forgotten about Ebenbitar, which I beg and insist upon for our Cadomian Ossilegulus. If you add a little letter, this too I ask and beg to obtain: I dare promise that you will always be most friendly to him, as formerly. Farewell. The day before the Ides of December, 1643. EPISTLE LIV. CL. SALMASIUS To Claudius Sarravius. At Paris. Unless I were to wish ratified that agreement which pleased us both—that we should write to each other in Latin—since I promised it, and you stipulated for it, I would prefer it to be void; so much do those two letters, written to me lately in Latin, deter me from writing. But since long ago I learned, and have grown used, to be outdone by you in courtesy, I shall not think it shameful, nor bear it ill, if you are superior even in this matter. Yet if I had believed that such ready and prepared a command of pure Latin was available to you, as it were in ready money, I should not so easily have entered this contest with you, nor entered into this pact so rashly. I should like the common condition of it to be that we address letters in the Roman manner: Cicero to Caesar, Caesar to Cicero. By this honorable freedom it will come about that what we most desire, namely this exchange of letters, may continue. Farewell, and love me. Leyden, the Nones of December, 1643. EPISTLE LV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. To Leyden. I too have received two letters from you, both troublesome, but the French one the most troublesome. For that friend of ours, who also usually writes to me every week from The Hague, has on this occasion composed a rather severe remonstrance against you. He complains, namely, that he has been treated more harshly by you without any fault of his own; because he had sent the letters of Brasletius, which were addressed to you as an honorary professor, as though this had been suggested to him by me to your offense and injury—though he solemnly swears that this was not done by him, nor even thought of. Hereafter he must deal with you more cautiously, since you act so suspiciously and sharply with friends. He says that he has certainly endured many hardships on your account, and that he ought to have been treated more mildly and humanely than as a stranger.
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EPISTOLÆ. 53 num peccatum sibi imputares. Ego vero hominem blande compellavi, mo- nuique ne diuturnæ vestræ amicitiæ tam facile nuntium remitteret: nec tamen injuriam tibi a Brasseto illatam dissimulavi vel excusavi, laudavique animum tuum quod rem judicatam retractari pateris. Hæc ego ad illum: jam ad te mea deflectat oratio. Facere enim non possum quin qua libertate inter ami- cos uti par & æquum est, libere te moneam, videri mihi te satis levem ca- ptasse occasionem ejus insectandi. Vixdum lares tuos salutasti, qui futuri sint amici, qui infesti nondum perspexisti: & prior ipse rixam aulpicaris, cum viro parum tibi, satis scio, fido, sed cujus tamen artes non omnibus patent. Ille quippe, saltem in speciem, palam te colit: licet clam aversetur & arro- dat. Hac in re sane, veniam dabis durius forsan censenti, prudentiam re- quirò tuam. Quid enim alienum crimen illi adscribis? Etiamsi liquido tibi constaret istud facinus ab illo concinnatum, quod vereor ut ita sit; tutissi- mum erat, imo & honestissimum, ista ab hujusmodi viro profecta insuper habere, nec minutius istis irritari. Nolim idem factum, si a manu publica isto elogio appellareris; tum enim læderetur tua dignitas, resque judicatæ nulla de causa rescinderentur. Itaque quemadmodum probavi quod diploma à Fo- deratis Ordinibus hoc sub titulo missum, rejeceris; ita a viro privato literas eadem ratione quod repudiaveris, improbare non possum: cum hoc tamen discrimine. Quod de priore negotio necessario conquerendum fuerit, de posteriori vero melius factum foret si istud, quicquid id est, esset neglectum. Ausim ergo a te enixe contendere, ne istam simultatis scintillam longius ser- pere patiaris. Ut facile hominis ingenium novi, ad te brevi redibit. Ista pascetur epistola discordiis. Singulare certamen quod inter Colinium, Castel- lionæum & Stradium Bonellam provocantes, & Ducem Guisium Bridieu- xiumque provocatos, duodecima hujus mensis, hora tertia promeridiana, in Platea Regia, celebratum est, aulam nostram hactenus turbavit. Utinam deinceps non turbet. Irarum causæ reticentur. Ab ambabus partibus acriter & generose pugnatum: solus Stradius invulneratus recessit. Dux Aurelianen- sis aperte affini Guisio favet; Enguiennensis, Condæo patre reclamante, causam Colinii fovet. Regina non patitur se exorari ut reis Edicti poenas remittat. Illi Urbe excesserunt. Guisius tamen in suburbano Meudonio hæ- sit. Senatus noster rogante Cognitore Regio convocatis classibus jussit acta probatoria confici, audioque jam aliquot testes coram delegatisjudicibus, te- stimonium dixisse. Ita redintegratam cernere est veterem & sopitam simulta- tem, inter Guisios & Castellionæos. Faciant Superi ne, Rege præsertim puero, hoc incendium latius grassetur. Vale. Lut. Par. xviii. Decemb. CIC ICX XLIII. Academia secundam Apologiam adversus Loyalitas edicavit, Autore, ut vulgo fertur, eodem illo Arnaldo qui de Frequenti Communione tam prolixe commentatus est, sed revera quodam Hersentio viro ingenii elegantissimi. Scriptum est acerbum, oratio persubtilis. G 3 EPI-
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LETTERS. 53 did you impute the fault to yourself. For my part, I addressed the man gently, and warned him not so readily to break off so long a friendship of yours; yet I did not conceal or excuse the wrong done to you by Brassetus, and I praised your spirit in allowing a matter already decided to be reopened. This was what I said to him; now let my discourse turn to you. For I cannot but freely admonish you, as is proper and fair among friends, that you seem to me to have seized a sufficiently trivial occasion for attacking him. You have scarcely greeted your household, and you do not yet know who may prove friends, who enemies; and you yourself first provoke the quarrel, though with a man who, I know well, is not much to your liking, yet is not without some fidelity, though his methods are not open to all. For he, at least in appearance, openly honors you; though secretly he may dislike you and gnaw at you. In this matter, then, you will forgive me if I judge somewhat harshly; I ask for your prudence. For why do you ascribe another man’s crime to him? Even if it were plainly certain to you that the deed was contrived by him, which I fear is not so; it would have been safest, indeed most honorable, to pass over lightly what came from a man of that sort, and not to be irritated by such trifles. I would not say the same if you were summoned by a public authority under such a charge; for then your dignity would be wounded, and judgments once rendered would be rescinded for no reason. Therefore, just as I approved your rejecting the diploma sent by the States General under that title, so I cannot disapprove that you rejected letters from a private man for the same reason; though with this distinction: in the former business there was necessity to complain, whereas in the latter it would have been better to have ignored whatever that may be. I therefore venture earnestly to urge you not to let that spark of disagreement spread further. As I know well the man’s character, he will soon return to you. This letter will feed discord. The single combat recently fought between Colinius, Castellio, and Stradius—who challenged Bonella, while the Duke of Guise, Bridieux, and others were challenged—was held on the twelfth of this month, at the third hour after noon, in the Place Royale, and has hitherto disturbed our court. Would that it disturb it no more. The causes of the quarrel are kept secret. Both sides fought fiercely and gallantly; only Stradius withdrew unscathed. The Duke of Orléans openly favors his kinsman Guise; the Duke of Enghien, despite his father the Prince of Condé protesting, supports the cause of Colinius. The Queen will not be persuaded to remit the penalties of the Edict to the accused. They have left the city. Guise, however, has remained at his suburban house in Meudon. Our Senate, at the request of the Royal Prosecutor, summoned the Estates and ordered the documentary proofs to be prepared, and I hear that already several witnesses have given testimony before the appointed judges. Thus the old and long-slumbering feud between the Guises and the Castelliones is seen to be renewed. May the heavens grant that, especially with the King still a boy, this fire spread no further. Farewell. Paris, December 18, 1643. The Academy has issued a second Apology against Loyalty, written, as is commonly reported, by that same Arnaud who commented at such length on Frequent Communion, but in truth by a certain Hersentius, a man of the most elegant talent. It is a sharp work, the argument exceedingly subtle.
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CL SARRAVI EPISTOLA LVI. CL. SARRAVIUS Cl. Salmasso. Luzdunum Bataverum. Cessationis meæ eam rationem animo præsumpsisti, quæ utique sola vera est. Nescienti nempe quid te actum esset, libuit operiri donec aliquid certo cognoscerem. Deinceps non cessabo, nisi ex sontica caussa: & jambis scripsi. Ex posterioribus meis didiceris Riveti de te querimonias mihi perspectas. Novissime scribebat, sibi jam tecum latis belle convenire, roga- batque ne quid de eo ego ad te, sed factum infectum fieri nequit. Bene omne istud, quicquid id est, processit. Cum istis clancularii, cautiustibi agendum, ita tamen ne a solenni tua generositate discedas. Meliore tua valetudine impensius gaudeo. Amissi in patria triennii usuras nobis debes: graves creditores sumus, qui eas exigimus nec ferimus moram. Quotiescunque cunctaberis & cessabis a libris edendis insurgent inimici: quos vicissum deprimes si in publicum procedas. Itaque semper aliquid molire: nunc præsertim post tantam absentiam. Amyraldus Salmuriensis brevi mittet Commentarium suum De Vita Termino. Rogat ille ut de sua erga te sedulitate certiorem te faciam. Non omnis igitur natio Theologorum tibi infesta: ille enim inter primaria hujusce professionis Gallica lumina sedet. Quod calebat te abeunte negotium, an jam frigeat, nescio. Menagius enim adeo hero suo adhæret, ut vix mihi sese præbeat. Noli quæso huc respectare, & quantum poteris perfer et obdura. Si quid contra nitentur adversarii, tu solus fortiter eos comprimes & contundes: liberum erit tibi totam virtutem tuam explicare: quod hic facere haud adeo erit promptum. Nuspiam enim fortitudini tux decrunt monstra debellanda. Sed præsentia mala urgent magis & de futuris semper melius ominamur Compone statum nostrum cum vestro & videbis nos servire vos dominari: non tantum de proceribus intelligo, sed etiam de privatis. Utut sit, Viros illos primarios, qui te hic detinere satagebant non inviso, vitam vivunt alienam a moribus meis aulicam, id est blandam magis quam benignam; plerumque insidam & malignam. Ut voti sui compotes fiant teque istinc evocent non repugno; sed vix aliqua juvare eos possum. Ostende te tantum Batavis tuis & Sceptræ tenebis; omnesque istas frigidiusculas nebulas difflaveris. Vale. Lut. Paris. XXIV. Decemb. CIC LIX XLIII. EPI-
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CL SARRAVI LETTER LVI. CL. SARRAVIUS To Cl. Salmasius. Leyden in Holland. You had conjectured in your mind that my silence was due to the reason which is indeed the only true one. Not knowing, namely, what had been done by you, I preferred to wait until I should know something for certain. Henceforth I shall not be silent, unless for some serious cause; and I have written in iambics. From my later letters you will have learned that Rivet’s complaints about you were well known to me. Most recently he was writing that he was now getting along rather well with you, and he asked me not to say anything about him to you; but what is done cannot be undone. All that matter, whatever it is, has turned out well. In dealings with those people, you must be more cautious, and yet not depart from your accustomed generosity. I am greatly pleased to hear of your improved health. You owe us the interest on the three years lost in your fatherland: we are strict creditors, who demand it and cannot endure delay. Whenever you hesitate and cease publishing books, your enemies will rise up; you will in turn crush them if you go forth into public. Therefore always be at some undertaking: especially now, after so long an absence. Amyraldus of Saumur will shortly send his Commentary De Vita Termino. He asks that I inform you of his diligence toward you. So not all the theological profession is hostile to you: for he sits among the chief lights of this French calling. Whether the affair that was warm when you departed has now grown cold, I do not know. For Menagius clings so closely to his own master that he scarcely allows me access to him. Do not, I beg you, look back here, and endure and steel yourself as much as you can. If your adversaries attempt anything against you, you alone will bravely put them down and crush them: it will be free for you to display all your strength; which here would not be so easy to do. For nowhere will there be a lack of monsters for your courage to overthrow. But present evils press more urgently, and regarding future ones we always make better omens. Compare our condition with yours, and you will see that we serve, while you rule: I do not mean only the nobles, but also private men. However that may be, I do not dislike those leading men who were eager to keep you here; they live a life alien to my ways, a courtly one, that is, more flattering than kind, and for the most part crafty and malicious. If they may attain their wish and summon you away from there, I do not object; but I can hardly help them in any way. Show yourself only to your Dutchmen, and you will hold the scepter; and you will have blown away all those somewhat chilly mists. Farewell. From Paris, 24 December, 1659. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 55 EPISTOLA LVII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Leydam. EX præscripto modestiæ tuæ, quæ me vetat eo elogio te privatim compel- lare, quo ab omnibus publice nuncuparis, literas aliquot jam reformavi, & deinceps, quando ita vis familiarissime scribam, & ex antiqua formula. Quod in tua præcipue placuit, fortitudinem tuam suspicio. Scripserum olim commotior: nunc remissiore animo, ut probum & generosum decet, omnes istas aulicas officias susque deque habes. O factum bene! Coelestis, qui te affla- vit, Spiritus dabit quoque in eo stadio ad metas usque decurrere. Nec de- erunt homines subadjuvæ. Tantum tibi ne desis, & qua es in statione, di- micare sustineas. Memineris quæ adversa te primum in istas oras adventantem exceperint, quaque virtute steteris, viceris, iisdem artibus adversus hos ipsos hostes utere & eundem eventum consequeris. Tu solitus illos contunde- re, vix hiscentibus illis, certe ad summum ringentibus & frendentibus. Ba- tavæ illæ bestiæ edentulæ, exungues & excornes. Iter Hagiense poterit ali- quot suppeditare amicos, quibus Professorum omnis natio cum universo Scho- lástico pulvere par non erit. Itaque eo propera. Princeps, Legatus Galli- cus, Plenipotentiarii nostri erunt in subsidiis & fortean laborantem erigent. Epistolæ ad Menagium octennionem undecimum heri cor- rexi. Pollicentur operæ majorem quam antea diligentiam. Supersunt adhuc quatuor, quorum non longa esse potest mora. Ubi priores sex acceperis ty- pographica , forsan & mea, notabis, & de iis monebis. Ne a ma- levolis lectoribus immerenti authori imputentur cavebo. Prima quaque occa- sione curabo ad te mitti epistolam illam militarem, quam apud me deposuisti. Actor Viduæ Pelææ pollicetur post quindecim dies missurum sese libros in Hol- landiam, quibus sarcinas tuas adjunget. Nihil omnino invenies in Grono- vianis Sestertiis, quod tuam sententiam labefactet: immo aliquot locis cum præ- fatione honoris tui meminit. Quas promittis tum ad Richterum, tum ad Bo- chartum avide expecto, rogoque ne gaudia nostra moreris. Vale cum uxo- re & liberis, quos omnes uxor egoque salutamus. Kal. Ianuariis A. Ch. CIC 13 C XLIV. quem tibi tuisque faustum felicem fortunatumque esse opto. Volente jubente Condæo coactus est Enguiennensis Colinium domo sua exigere; qui vix hospitem naetus est amicum illum tuum Ecclesiasten Lanor- villanum. Unde Romanis mos ille dividendorum mensium in Nonas, Idus, Kalendas? Unde etiam ejusmodi nomina derivata? Scaliger de Emendatione Temporum libro primo de Veteri anno Romanorum parum juvat. Si lubet, inspice & clarius pleniusque nos doce. Non parvo beneficio me devinxeris. EPI-
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EPISTLES. 55 EPISTLE LVII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Leyden. In accordance with your modesty, which forbids me to address you privately by that title by which you are now publicly called by all, I have already revised several letters, and thereafter, since that is your wish, I shall write to you most familiarly, and in the old style. What particularly pleased me in you is your courage. I used to write with more excitement; now, with a calmer mind, as befits an honest and noble man, you care little for all those courtly services. Well done! The heavenly Spirit that inspired you will also give you strength to run the course to the very goal in that contest. And there will not be wanting those who will help you. Only do not fail yourself, and remain steadfast in the position in which you stand, continuing to fight. Remember what opposition met you when you first came to those shores, and by what virtue you stood firm and conquered; use the same methods against these very enemies, and you will achieve the same result. You are accustomed to crush them so completely that, when they can scarcely open their mouths, they are certainly at their fiercest, gnashing and grinding their teeth. Those Batavian beasts are toothless, clawless, and hornless. The journey to The Hague may provide several friends, for whom the whole nation of Professors, together with all the scholastic dust, will be no match. So hasten there. The Prince, the French Ambassador, and our Plenipotentiaries will be in reserve and perhaps will raise up one who is laboring. I corrected the eleventh installment of the letters to Menagius yesterday. They promise greater diligence in the work than before. Four still remain, and their delay cannot be long. When you have received the first six, you will perhaps note the typographical errors, and perhaps mine too, and you will warn me about them. I shall take care that they are not attributed by malicious readers to an undeserving author. At the first opportunity I shall see that that military letter, which you deposited with me, is sent to you. The agent of the Widow of Pelaeus promises to send books to Holland in fifteen days, and will add your baggage to them. You will find nothing at all in the Gronovian sestertii that could weaken your opinion; indeed, in several places he mentions you with honor in the preface. I eagerly await the items you promise both to Richter and to Bochart, and I ask you not to delay our joy. Farewell, with your wife and children, whom your wife and I all greet. On the Kalends of January, in the year of Christ 1644, which I wish may be fortunate, happy, and prosperous for you and yours. By the will and command of Condé, Enguien was forced to expel Colinius from his house; and he scarcely found a host, your friend that Ecclesiastician Lanorvillanus. Whence comes the Roman custom of dividing the months into Nones, Ides, and Kalends? Whence also are such names derived? Scaliger, in the first book of De Emendatione Temporum, concerning the ancient year of the Romans, is of little help. If you please, examine it and teach us more clearly and fully. You would lay me under no small obligation.
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Batavorum. ET valere te ex Riveti litteris intelligo; & prolixe satis scripseram de eo frigusculo, quod te inter & illum, ut natum, ut denatum; & epistolam meam tempestive ad eam, quæ tua hic curat, miseram: quare ergo nihil abs te literarum? propterea tamen non studiosè minus & diligenter scribam; quanquam vix est ut dicam aliquid, quod possit ferire oculos. Epistola ad Menagium lente festinat duodecimo demum octernione excuso: tertium decimum hodie emendavi, duo supersunt quos urgebo. In eo sum ut amicum reperiam, qui ad te Militiam tuam deferat: eodem fasciculo involvi sex posteriores octerniones ut de mendis typographicis iis moneas; & Hygini Gromaticum, quem isti tractatui appendicis vice poteris subnectere. Mirum quantum tuus circa cum labor tuam prodat! Blanditus est Bautruvio Menagius, qui non mediocria pollicetur. Eo tamen omne id recidit ut cum tribus talentis & semitalento istinc evoceris. De solutionis fide, Rege promittente, solus perduellis scilicet, ambigat. Quam secura sit & certa ista cautio, tuum est dispicere. Olim & nuper satis liquido super eo negotio sententiam dixi, nec ab ea ut recedam impetrare ab animo meo possum. Totum in eo est ut tibi imperes. Supera virtute dolores. Legebam hodie in Chronici Eusebiani libro posteriore hunc versiculum qui conclamatus est, ni medicinam facias: Nam Latona Iovis conjux tunc pertitia fugit. Scaliger parum juvat, qui sibi ipsi non satisfacit. Casaubonus legebat sensu commodo & plena sententia usurpatitia; sed versus, si versus esse debet, repugnat. Tu quid censes. Quid si territa? Nisi meis quæsitis modum ponas vereor molestior ut siem. Ubi tamen cognovero te aliquid momentosum moliri faciam mihi modum bonæ licet libidinis. Vale. V. Id. Ian. CICIXC XLIV. EPISTOLA LIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Batavorum. Non amplius scribam de negotio aulico ne tibi molestus sim. Agnoscis tua verba? Ego vero non expectabam a te tam insignitam injuriam, ut existimares quicquam quod e re tua esset, mihi molestum futurum. Liberius forsan scribenti exciderit aliquid, quo in tuam offensionem incurrerem; sed non ea mihi mens, non consilium. Ex animi sententia olim & nuper ea sum loquutus, quæ vera, quæ certo futura arbitratus sum. Si unquam huc redeas, utinam falsus sim opinionis, meque possis arguere. Menagius istud solicite & cum affectu, sed lente, urget. Puteanus diploma con- fecit,
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Batavorum. And I learn from Rivet’s letters that you are well; and I had written at sufficient length about that little coolness which arose between you and him, as if born, as if dead; and I had sent my letter in good time to the one who takes care of yours here: why then no letters from you? For that reason, however, I shall not write any less zealously or carefully; though there is scarcely anything I can say that might catch the eye. The letter to Ménage is slowly hurrying on, not until the twelfth gathering finally printed: today I corrected the thirteenth; two remain, which I shall press on. I am at the point of finding a friend who will deliver your Militia to you: in the same packet I enclosed the six later gatherings so that you may note the typographical errors, and Hyginus’ Gromaticum, which you may attach to that treatise as an appendix. It is astonishing how much labor of yours over it reveals yours! Ménage has flattered Bautruvius, who promises no small things. Yet it all comes down to this, that you are summoned from there with three talents and a half-talent. As to the security of the payment, the King promising, let the sole traitor, of course, doubt. How secure and certain that guarantee is, it is for you to judge. Long ago and quite recently I expressed my opinion on that business clearly enough, and I cannot obtain from my mind that I should depart from it. The whole matter is that you must command yourself. Overcome pains by virtue. Today I was reading in the later book of Eusebius’ Chronicle this little verse, which is cried out against, unless you apply a remedy: For then Latona, wife of Jupiter, fled from Pertitia. Scaliger helps little, since he is not satisfied with himself. Casaubon read it with a suitable sense and as a full, appropriated sentence; but the verse, if it must be a verse, is contrary to it. What do you think? What if it is “terrified”? Unless you put a limit to my inquiries, I fear I shall be more troublesome than I ought. Yet when I shall know that you are undertaking something momentous, I shall make for myself a limit of good though licit desire. Farewell. The 5th of the Ides of January, CICIXC XLIV. EPISTOLA LIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Batavorum. I shall no longer write about court business, lest I be troublesome to you. Do you recognize your own words? Indeed I had not expected from you such a notable injury, that you should think anything that was to your advantage would be troublesome to me. In writing more freely perhaps something may have slipped out by which I might incur your displeasure; but that was not my mind, not my intent. In accordance with my feeling I spoke long ago and recently of those things which I judged to be true, which would certainly happen. If ever you return here, may I prove mistaken in my opinion, and may you be able to accuse me. Ménage is pressing that matter on anxiously and with feeling, but slowly. Puteanus has prepared the diploma,
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EPISTOLAÆ. 57 fecit, quod nondum videre licuit. Nubletio, talium ut ajunt perito, cen- sendum traditum est. Cave credas nolle me in omnibus rebus, nedum in ista, tibi esse subadjuvam; si eam cordi tibi esse cognovero, mearumque sit virium. Itaque quantum potero, opera & consilio prodero. Quod tamen eo recidat opto, ut commodius & honoratius istic degas: hunc enim perspicio esse ani- mum tuum, cui prorsus accedo. Epistola de Connubio Angeli & Furiæ ab- soluta est. Publicationem ejus solum privilegium moratur, sine quo non ausit Typographus eam in vulgus spargere: & hoc ipsum hac hebdomade con- fectum iri spero. Primum hoc sentiet a tua manu telum Heinsius; quem sane miror te placariote nolle uti. Pauxillulum existimationis, si quid ei superest, potuit hac sola via retinere: & audet ille post tot clades, Præfationes, Funera, dicere Signa canant? O miserum virum! Quem perdere vult Iuppiter, hunc dementat. Fruatur ille suo judicio, percatque mille mortibus, qui in certo naufragio, quam ei prætendi curaveram, tabulam arripere insuper ha- buit. Decima quinta hujus mensis Sorbona LXIV. suffragiis decrevit Pontifi- ciæ Bullæ contra Janssenium promulgationem esse differendam: triginta Do- ctoribus frustra obnitentibus. Condux Princeps audet aliquid De Frequenti Communione movere, & prælo committere. Ei, salva dignitate, se respon- surum jactitat Arnaldus. En tibi carmen à Guyeto nostro. Litis ejus enar- rator sedebam in Edictali Camera: Adversarii jurisdictionem declinant, & in Consistorio Principis respondere volunt; adhuc sub judice lis est. Dum ille nos desiderat, hunc libellum supplicem Cancellario obtulit. Vale, Vir In- comparabilis; Lutet. Paris. XXIII. Ian. CID IIC XLIV. EPISTOLA LX. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Bataverum. S Oteria DEO OPT. MAX. qui te tam præsenti periculo liberavit de- bere me profiteor & solvam libens. Utinam immodica ista evacuatio, cor- poris tui sentinam & naxtiau omnem exhauserit, ut inposterum tam sanus degas, quam ipsa Hygicia. Cum voluptate in tuum extemporaneum hexasti- chon incidi; quod mihi renovavit memoriam carminis illius tui, quod olim, Iucundum cum asas florida ver ageret, in Threnos Jeremiæ scripsisti. Si sub ma- num cadat, rogo te seponere illud velis, nec pereat tam illustre pietatis & Mu- sarum monumentum. Adest quidem Elzevirius, sed nondum ejus sarcinæ advenere: hodie eas Rothomago expectat, & die Lunæ idem currus, qui eas advexerit, tuas suasque Diepam usque modico sumptu referet. Id se curatu- rum pollicetur Nicolaus: post tot a[utem] est quod ei parum credam: quanquam dum nihil ex suo adsportat, æquo animo mora ferenda est, cum præsertim non alia tutior promptiorve via suppetat. Hellenisticam, ubi ad- venerit, in amicos tuos spargam: quorum tamen elenchum quam primum H mit-
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EPISLE 57 He has done what so far has not been possible to see. It has been submitted to Nubletio, reputed to be skilled in such matters, to be judged. Do not think that I am unwilling in all matters, much less in this one, to be of assistance to you; if I find that it is dear to you, and within my power, I shall help with all my ability. Therefore, as far as I can, I shall be of use by my efforts and my counsel. Yet I hope that this may come to this, namely, that you may live there more comfortably and honorably; for I clearly see that this is your disposition, and I fully agree with it. The letter on the Marriage of the Angel and the Fury has been completed. Its publication is delayed only by the privilege, without which the printer dares not spread it among the public; and I hope that this very matter will be finished within this week. Heinsius will first feel this weapon from your hand; and truly I wonder that you do not wish to use a placatory one. A little reputation, if any still remains to him, could have been preserved by this one means alone; and after so many disasters, Prefaces, Funerals, does he dare to say, “Let the signs sing”? O wretched man! Whom Jupiter wishes to destroy, he first drives mad. Let him enjoy his own judgment, and perish by a thousand deaths, since in a sure shipwreck he thought fit, besides, to snatch the plank I had prepared for him. On the fifteenth of this month the Sorbonne, by sixty-four votes, decreed that the promulgation of the Papal Bull against Jansenius should be deferred, despite the vain resistance of thirty Doctors. Conduz Princeps dares to stir up something On Frequent Communion and commit it to the press. Arnaldus boasts that he will answer him, without loss of dignity. Here, for you, is a poem from our Guyet. I was sitting in the Edictal Chamber as the expositor of his dispute: the adversaries decline the jurisdiction, and wish to answer in the Consistory of the Prince; the case is still under judgment. While he is missing us, he presented this humble petition to the Chancellor. Farewell, incomparable man; Paris, 23 January 1644. EPISTLE LX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Ludunum Batavorum. I confess, and gladly shall pay my debt to God Almighty, who has delivered you from so imminent a danger. Would that that excessive evacuation had emptied out the drain of your body and all its contents, so that in future you might live as sound as Hygieia herself. With pleasure I came upon your improvisational hexameter; it reminded me of that poem of yours which long ago, when pleasant spring was making the fields bloom, you wrote on the Threni of Jeremiah. If it should come to hand, I beg you to set it aside, lest so illustrious a monument of piety and of the Muses perish. Elzevirius is indeed here, but his packages have not yet arrived; today he expects them from Rouen, and on Monday the same carriage that brought them will carry yours and his as far as Dieppe, at modest expense. Nicholas promises that he will take care of it; after so many delays, I have little confidence in him, although, while he brings nothing of his own, the delay must be borne with equanimity, especially since no safer or quicker route is at hand. The Hellenistic work, when it arrives, I shall distribute among your friends: yet I ask you to send me their list as soon as possible, so that...
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CL. S A R R A V I I mitte. Quis ille sit, qui primas tuas curas post tuum istuc reditum mereatur, quando libuerit sciemus: nec adeo pleni rimarum sumus, ut non possumus, quod secretum velis, profundo involvere silentio: Imo sum, & credo non ignoras, arcanorum cælantissimus. Haberes utinam Heraldi Observations, aliquodque tempus otii illæ tui occuparent! Quanquam enim levia multa in te tela emiserit, nonnulla tamen videntur satis acutam habere curpidem; qualia sunt illa, quæ spectant. Ecclesiastes ille aulicus quem maxima minimaque ad me referre scribis, plane hac septimana siluit. Curiæ Subsidiorum Placitum de nobilitate gentis tuæ nullus accepi; cum habuero, strenue, quæ mente constanti teneo, mandata faciam. Summus amicus tuus Abbas Radesianus die Dominica in Urbis Archipraesulem : quod magna pompa & festivitate transactum est. Bautruvius ex podagra diutius solito jacet. Hæc duo negotio aulico moram injiciunt: ille etiam apud thesaurorum Arbitrum, hic apud Emerium promovere illud debent. Epistola ad Menagium non est publica, ob non impetratum privilegium, adeo hic omnia tardo gradu procedunt. Condæi libellus adversus Arnaldum Patres & Concilia crepat, unde conjiciam Loyalitam aliquem tulisse suppetias. Humillime se subjicit Pontificis Romani Censuræ: paratus sua damnare, si Iuppiter Capitolinus illis atrum calculum apposuerit. Dux Aurelianensis Regis patruus a Regina Septimaniæ Præfecturam impetravit, quam tam anxie ambibat Condæus. Schombergio in permutationis vicem, cedent tres Episcopatus Metensis, Tullensis &, Virodunensis, Ego & puerpera mea te tuam- gue salutamus. Vale Lut. Par. IX. Idus Februarias. CLXIX XLIV. E P I S T O L A LXI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Illo ipso die, quo postremum ad te scripsi, curavit Nicolaus sarcinas tuas Diepam devehi. Ubi ex ad te pervenerint, velim verbo significes, meque omni solicitudine, quæso, liberes. Tum habebis Heraldum, quem poteris sale Burgundo defricare, cum altero illo Anonymo. Observationum cap. 2. ad l. 69. D. Pro Socio. in qua felicissime restituisti pro epulis, notat illam tuam emendationem quasi alienissimam: nihil tamen respondet ad exemplum quod attuleras ex alia ejusdem Jurisconsulti lege, in qua explicat ratiunculas per : quod utique consideratione dignum erat. Reperisse me credo aliud exemplum, quod conjecturam illam tuam stabiliat, in l. 25. ff. ornamento D. de Auro & Arg. leg. ubi vide num legendum sit, reticula id est . Emendationi favet Glossarium H. ST. quod habet Reticulum . Et hæc lex est itidem Ulpiani qui hoc modo tribus omnino locis voces Latinas per totidem Græcas explicuerit. Si Scookius incendat rogum Funeris tui, facile tibi fuerit frigidam suffundere, qua omnis ista pyra extincta in fumos
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No matter. We shall know, when it pleases you, who it is that deserves your first cares after that return of yours; we are not so full of cracks that we cannot bury, in deep silence, whatever secret you wish to keep: indeed I am, and I believe you do not ignore it, the most faithful keeper of secrets. Would that you had Herald’s Observations, and that they occupied some of your leisure! For although he has launched many light missiles against you, some nevertheless seem to have a rather sharp point; such are those that concern the court ecclesiastic, whom you write that you refer to me for the greatest and the least matters alike; he has been completely silent this week. I have received nothing from the Subsidy Court concerning the nobility of your family; when I have it, I shall promptly do, with steadfast mind, the tasks entrusted to me. Your greatest friend, the Abbot Radesianus, went on Sunday to the Archbishop of the City; this was carried through with great pomp and celebration. Bautruvius is lying down with gout longer than usual. These two things delay the court business: he must also advance it with the Arbiter of the Treasury, and this one with Emerius. The letter to Menagius is not public, because the privilege has not been obtained; thus everything proceeds here at a slow pace. Condé’s pamphlet against Arnauld cries up Fathers and Councils, whence I shall conjecture that some Loyalist has brought aid. He humbly submits himself to the censure of the Roman Pontiff: prepared to condemn his own writings, if Jupiter Capitolinus shall have cast a black ballot against them. The Duke of Orléans, the King’s uncle, has obtained from the Queen of Septimania the governorship, which Condé was so anxiously seeking. In exchange for Schomberg, three bishoprics shall be ceded: Metz, Toul, and Verdun. My wife and I send our greetings to you and yours. Farewell, Paris, February 9, 1644. LETTER LXI. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Saumaise. Leiden. On that very day on which I last wrote to you, Nicholas arranged for your baggage to be conveyed to Dieppe. When it has reached you, I should like you to let me know in a word, and, I beg you, free me of all anxiety. Then you will have Herald, whom you can rub down with Burgundian salt, together with that other Anonymous writer. In Observation, chapter 2, on l. 69, D. Pro Socio, where you most happily restored pro epulis, he notes that your emendation is almost entirely foreign to the passage; yet he says nothing in reply to the example you had brought from another law of the same jurist, in which he explains ratiunculas by means of :; this surely deserved consideration. I believe I have found another example to support that conjecture of yours, in l. 25, ff. ornamento D. de Auro & Arg. leg., where see whether it should be read reticula, that is . The Glossary of H. ST. favors the emendation, since it has Reticulum. And this law is likewise Ulpian’s, who in this way has explained Latin words by the same number of Greek ones in three places altogether. If Scookius should set fire to the funeral pyre of your funeral, it would be easy for you to pour cold water on it, by which all that pyre, extinguished, into smoke
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EPISTOLAÆ. 59 sumos abeat. Duræ sunt illæ conditiones, quibus pacem te inter & Heinsium firmare vult Spanhemius, & iniquas dicerem, nisi vererer tam studiosi mu[n]tio officia, quæ invocavi, damnare. Expectabo per proximum Tabellarium to- tius istius piæmæstias historiam, ex qua tibi inposterum tranquilliorem vi- tam opto. Vale. Lut. Paris. Idib. Februar. CID IDC XLIV . EPISTOLA LXII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Frederico Gronovio. Daventriam. Quantum tibi debeam, Vir Clarissime, lubethic profiteri. Tantum certe, ut semper in æretuo futurus sim, adeo me beneficiis olim cumu- lasti, & novissime totum in limine Sestertiarii tui Commentarii obruisti. Voluisse te nomen meum legi in fronte tam eruditi operis, cum tot ad ma- num haberes viros omni scientiarum laude claros, qui istum honorem mere- rentur, forsan & ambirent: tanti facio, ut æternum me tibi deditissimum de- voveam. Habeo tamen, quod tecum expostulem, de illis elogiis, qui- bus onerasti pudorem meum. Non is ego, Mi Gronovi, qualem pro amore tuo descripsisti. Te virum tanto judicio præditum, tam gravem, amorem erga te meum dulcibus verbis voluisse alerel Agnoscent, Vir Cla- rissime omnes, blanda mendacia lingua , decedetque inde aliquid eximio & immortali operi. Nobilissimus Richterus aliquando nos invisit. Dixerit tibi, quam mihi dilectus sit: primum ex tua commendatione; tum etiam suo me- rito: est enim adolescens liberalis ingenii & honestæ indolis. Paludano tuo literas tibi inscriptas dedi. Dum hic moratus est, quibuscunque voluit offi- ciis cum in tui gratiam demereri conatus sum. Sed ille pro sua modestia ve- recundius agit, parcus fui cultor & infrequens. Audio Scookium Ultrajecti- num meditari Rogum Funeris Hellenisticæ. Viderit ille, num molesta tuni- ca indutus, in ipsa tæda lucere velit. Vale. Lut. Paris. Idib. Feb. CID IDC XLIV . EPISTOLA LXIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. Reconciliationem, quam dudum optare incepi, totisque ego bonique omnes optavimus quinquatribus, te inter & Heinsium, procedere, im- mortaliter gauderem. Sed tibi parum æquæ sunt illæ conditiones, quas te audire volunt, ut ea confieri possit. Ergo impune fuerit Exercitatori sacro tam procaciter Venerabili Bezae insultasse, & conscribent Prætores Edictum sine poena? Peribit immensa Observationum congeries, quam tam glorioso viro defendendo paraveras? Non potest diuturna esse Pax illa, quæ istis firma- mentis nititur. An non sat erat abstinere convitiis & dicteriis, quæ viros li- be- H 2
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EPISTOLAE. 59 sumos may go away. Those are harsh conditions, by which Spanhemius wishes to establish peace between you and Heinsius, and I would call them unfair, were I not afraid to condemn the services of one so zealous, which I have invoked. I shall await, by the next courier, the whole story of that piæmæstias , from which I wish you in future a calmer life. Farewell. Paris, on the Ides of February, CID IDC XLIV . EPISTOLA LXII. CL. S A R R A V I U S to Frederick Gronovius. Daventriam. How much I owe you, Most Illustrious Sir, I am glad here to acknowledge. Certainly so much that I shall always be in your debt; so greatly did you once heap favors upon me, and most recently overwhelm me entirely at the outset of your Sestertiary Commentary. That you wished my name to be read on the title page of so learned a work, when you had so many men at hand, illustrious in every kind of learning, who deserved that honor, and perhaps even sought it, I value so highly that I devote myself to you forever. Yet I do have something to remonstrate with you about: those praises with which you have burdened my modesty. I am not the man, my Gronovius, whom you described out of love for me. You, a man endowed with such judgment, so grave, to have wished to nourish my affection for you with flattering words! All will recognize, Most Illustrious Sir, blanda mendacia lingua , and something will thereby be diminished from that excellent and immortal work. The most noble Richter once visited us. He will have told you how dear he was to me: first from your recommendation; then also by his own merit, for he is a young man of liberal talent and honest character. I gave your letter addressed to you to your Paludanus. While he stayed here, I tried, by whatever services I could, to ingratiate myself with you in his favor. But he, in his modesty, acts more reservedly; I have been a spare and infrequent admirer. I hear that Scookius of Utrecht is planning the Rogum Funeris Hellenisticæ. Let him see whether, clad in a troublesome tunic, he wishes to shine at the very torch. Farewell. Paris, on the Ides of February, CID IDC XLIV . EPISTOLA LXIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden in Batavia. I would rejoice beyond measure if the reconciliation, which I long ago began to desire, and which all good men have desired throughout the whole Quinquatrus, should proceed between you and Heinsius. But those conditions on which they wish you to listen, so that it may be accomplished, are not very fair to you. So then, shall the sacred Exercitator have gone unpunished for insolently insulting the venerable Beza, and shall the Prætors issue the edict without penalty? Will the immense pile of Observations, which you had prepared for the defense of so glorious a man, be lost? That peace cannot be lasting which rests on such foundations. Was it not enough to refrain from abuse and sneers, by which men are freed— H 2
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CL. SARRAVI berales maxime dedecent, ita tamen ut liberum esset adversarium modestis & manifestis probationibus arguere? Utut fuerit, pactis standum erit; & ex regula juris. Quod semel placuit amplius non displiceat. Sed ista omnia, quam- libet gravia, efficere ambo potestis. Quod autem tu, Rivetusque nolter a me enixe contenditis, præstare non est meum. Ut scilicet Epistolæ ad Menagium publicationem inhibeam: distractis quippe omnibus tere exemplaribus a Typographo, aut ab ipso Menagio non parcente manu donatis. Hoc ad tuam suamque gloriam pertinere existimavit, Vir politissimus, ut ea in amicos spargeret. Sed quicquid fuerit, nihil tibi potest ea de re imputari: tibi inquam, quo absente, inscio, & jam invito, hæc editio curata est. Potui aliquando tenerum & nascentem istum foetum suffocare, , ut sine summa injuria & crudelitate non potuerim ei lucis usuram denegare. Si peccavi culpam non deprecor, qui præterea sciam, hoc si non curassem, alios non fuisse prætermissuros. Multa enim manu descripta habebantur a Curiosis exemplaria illius tuæ epistolæ. Inde etiam factum est ut parum Castigatum esset illud, ad quod Typographus opus suum exegit. Nunquam sivisset Menagius, nunquam Capellanus in Musæo diutius recubare, quod ad Balsacii sui defensionem a tanto Musageta elaboratum, immo currente calamo effusum esset. Itaque hæc fuerint. Verum ne hanc litem meam faciam, omittere non debeo ad me tantum deventum esse post inchoatam editionem, & uno alterove exculis: re ergo non integra. Hæc ego fusius prosequutus sum, omnem ut a te, a me aliquam saltem culpam amolaris. Sed ut aliud ex alio; ecce Inscriptionem tuis oculis dignam Jacet is lapis Nannetibus in area Publicæ Domus. NUMINIB. AUGUSTOR. DEO. VOLIANO. M. GEMEL. SECUNDUS. ET. C. SEDAT. FLORUS. ACTOR. VICANOR. PORTENS. TRIBUNAL. C. M. LOCIS. EX. STIPE. CONLATA. POSUERUNT. Istic quæso eruditionis tuæ lumen eluceat. Quis ille Deus VOLIANUS? Istius enim nullibi quod sciam extat mentio. Quid illæ literæ singulares. C. M. Vox adhuc LOCIS turbat, & cui jungam non video. Cætera obscuriora ni explices, æternum ignorabuntur. Itaque facem accende. Obscuras adique tenebras, exultoque die. Gruterus meminit istius inscriptionis MLXXIV. 10. quem vide, nonnihil enim variat. Quia commodius ista Latine, quam Gallice enarrantur, poteris, si lubet, ea ad me perscribere ipsis communicanda. De fasciculo Philippo Cæsio commendato ero sollicitus, donec rescivero eum tibi redditum, quod & de altero alteri item Philippo, Paludano nempe, credito, velim existimes. Magnam itaque a me gratiam iniveris, si eos in manus tuas devenisse significaveris. Elzevirius quinquaginta exemplaria Commentarii tui de Hellenistica tradidit mihi, quorum pleraque amicis tuis Primæ admissionis donata: de cæteris mandata tua expectabo. Sex compengenda dedi Magnatibus offerenda. Quis præfuit novæ illi Terentij edi-
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CL. SARRAVI liberal things are most unbecoming, yet so that it would be free to accuse an adversary with modest and manifest proofs? However it may be, the agreements must be kept; and by the rule of law, what once has pleased should please no more. But all these things, however weighty, both of you can bring about. But what you, and Rivetus too, insist on from me so earnestly, I cannot perform. Namely, that I should inhibit the publication of the Letter to Menagius: for all the copies have in fact been scattered, some by the Printer, or else given away freely by Menagius himself with no sparing hand. This the very polished man thought concerned both your glory and his own, in that he should spread it among his friends. But whatever the case, you can be blamed for nothing in this matter: I mean you, in whose absence, without your knowledge, and now even against your will, this edition was prepared. I was once able to stifle that tender and newly born offspring, but I could not deny it the use of light without the greatest injustice and cruelty. If I have done wrong, I do not beg off the fault, since I know besides that, had I not attended to this, others would not have failed to do so. For many manuscript copies of that letter of yours were held by the curious. From this also it came about that that work, to which the Printer applied his labor, was rather poorly corrected. Menagius would never have allowed the Chaplain to lie longer in the Museum, which had been worked out, indeed poured forth at the running of the pen, in defense of his own Balsacius by so great a patron of the Muses. So let these things be. But lest I make this my own quarrel, I must not omit that it only came to me after the edition had been begun, and with one eye or perhaps two: the matter, then, not being complete. I have set forth these things more fully, so that you may remove from yourself, if possible, at least some blame from me. But to pass from one thing to another; behold an Inscription worthy of your eyes. It lies at Nantes, in the courtyard of the Public House. NUMINIB. AUGUSTOR. DEO. VOLIANO. M. GEMEL. SECUNDUS. ET. C. SEDAT. FLORUS. ACTOR. VICANOR. PORTENS. TRIBUNAL. C. M. LOCIS. EX. STIPE. CONLATA. POSUERUNT. I ask that the light of your learning shine here. Who is that God VOLIANUS? For I know that no mention of him exists anywhere. What are those singular letters, C. M.? The word LOCIS still puzzles me, and I do not see with what I should connect it. Unless you explain the rest, it will be unknown forever. So light your torch. Drive away the dark shadows, and rejoice in the day. Gruter mentions this inscription at MLXXIV. 10; see him, for it varies somewhat. Since these things are more conveniently set forth in Latin than in French, you can, if you wish, write them out to me for them to be communicated. I shall be concerned about the packet entrusted to Philip Cæsius until I learn that it has been returned to you, and I would have you think the same also of the other thing entrusted to the other Philip, namely Paludanus. You will therefore confer a great favor on me if you let me know that they have come into your hands. Elzevirius has delivered to me fifty copies of your Commentary on Hellenistic, most of which have been given to your friends of the first admission; for the rest I shall await your instructions. I have given six bound copies to be offered to the great men. Who presided over that new edition of Terentius edi-
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EPISTOLÆ. 61 editioni ab Hackio adeo eleganter procuratæ. Videntur enim satis multa e recentioribus non indiligenter congesta. Omnes Valemus, te tuamque salutamus. Ausim & Reverendum Spanhemium, eximiùmque Latium: Vale. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. xx. Febr. CIC DEC XLIV. EPISTOLA LXIV. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. P Roli[xi]ssimas tuas posteriores, eoque etiam nomine gratissimas, iterumque summa cum voluptate legi: sæpiusque adhuc relegam: adeo præclara multa in illis habentur, quæ frustra alibi quærerem. Tu nempesolus in omni Literatura principatum obtines: & quodcunque libet ventilare, frustra est, qui illud postea attentat. Elegans sane est & erudita explicatio tua Nannetensis Inscriptionis: gratiasque ago de ea non quantas debeo debeboque semper, sed quantas possum, gratissimas. Male te suspiciofulum erga me fuisse ex postremis, quas ad te scripsi, cognoveris, ego certe Te inter & Heinsium aumsiar stabilitam esse optavi vehementer; sed ut in eas, quas accepisti, leges descenderes, nunquam autor fuissem, si ea res mei fuisset arbitrii. Ut itaque privilegii concessioni intercederem, nunquam a me factum est: utve Epistolam tuum supprimerem, animus non fuit; nec eam soleo mihi autoritatem arrogare in amicorum consilia, ut hujusmodi quidquam, illis inconsultis decernam. Scribam præterea e re tua esse istam publicationem diutius non trahi, nec cessavi donec privilegium illud extortum sit ab hisce morosis hominibus. Verum confectum est omne istud negotium, quod neutiquam volui aut potui disturbare. Quicquid id est, veteribus ostensis annumerabitur nec novis adscribetur rationibus. Nondum accepisse te fasciculum Cæsio commendatum doleo, verererque aliquid secius de eo, nisi, ut nosti, de ejus fide repromississet optimus & amicissimus adolescens Is. Vossius. Solicite in dies expectabo num eum receperis. Adeo tum raræ erant occasiones aliquid isthuc mittendi, ut non potuerit commodior tutiorve reperiri. Misi quoque indiculum eorum, quibus Hellenisticam tuam donandam existimavi, & paucos ex illis, quos in tuo annotasti, omiseram. Quod mandas fiet, immo jam factum est omnino, nisi quod nondum accepi compacta exemplaria Magnatibus offerenda; licet acriter urgeam Viduam Puteanam, ut id curet. Quid in vestris majoribus Academicis Comitiis, de te præsertim, actum sit, silere te mirarer, nisi viderem te alia tua, minoris ut puto momenti, velle etiam mihi celata. Quod an rite & recte procedat, ipse existimabis. Ego quoque si essem suspiciosulus, inde argumentum ducerem, decessisse aliquid pristinæ nostræ amicitiæ. Sed absit tale aliquid a sinceritate animi mei, qua sanctitatem foederis inter nos initi violari arbitrarer. Quidvis itaque potius cogitare libet, quam ut mutatum te erga me credere velim; immo vel mutabilem. Principis Condae libellulum prima occasione amici mittam. Respondit Petavio Arnaldus, H 3.
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EPISTLES. 61 by Hack in so elegant an edition. For, indeed, there seem to be quite a number of things lately gathered not without diligence. We all send our greetings to you and yours. I dare say, and to the Reverend Spanheim, and the excellent Latium: farewell. At Paris. 20 Feb. 1644. EPISTLE LXIV. CLAUDIUS SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. At Leiden. I have again read your most ample later letter, and for that very reason most welcome too, and I shall read it again and again hereafter: so many admirable things are contained in it, which I would seek in vain elsewhere. For you alone hold the chief place in all literature; and whatever one may wish to discuss, it is pointless for anyone to attempt it afterward. Your elegant and learned explanation of the Nantes Inscription is indeed excellent; and I give thanks for it, not such as I ought and shall always owe, but such as I can, the sincerest thanks. That I had had a wrong suspicion of you from the last letters I wrote to you, you will have learned; for my part, I certainly wished very strongly that the friendship between you and Heinsius should remain firmly established; but I should never have been the one to urge that you should descend to those terms you accepted, if that matter had been in my power to decide. So then, that I should have intervened in granting the privilege, I never did; nor was it my intention to suppress your letter; nor do I usually arrogate to myself such authority in the counsels of friends as to decide anything of this kind without consulting them. I shall add, moreover, that it is in your interest that this publication should not be dragged out any longer, and I did not cease until that privilege was wrested from those morose men. But the whole affair has now been completed, which I neither wished nor was able to disturb. Whatever it is, it will be counted among the old proofs and not entered among the new reckonings. I regret that you have not yet received the packet entrusted to Cæsio, and I should fear something less favorable about it, were it not that, as you know, the excellent and most friendly young man Is. Vossius had vouched for his fidelity. I shall anxiously await from day to day whether you have received it. So rare, then, were the opportunities to send anything there, that no more convenient or safer one could have been found. I also sent a list of those to whom I judged your Hellenistica should be given, and I omitted a few of those whom you had noted in yours. What you command shall be done; indeed it has already been done entirely, except that I have not yet received the bound copies to be presented to the Magnates, though I am strongly pressing the Widow Puteana to attend to it. At your greater Academic Comitia, especially as concerns yourself, I should wonder that you are silent about what has been done, were I not seeing that you wish even to keep from me other matters of yours, which I think of less importance. Whether that is proceeding properly and rightly, you yourself will judge. I too, if I were suspicious, should draw from that the inference that something had departed from our former friendship. But may such a thing be far from the sincerity of my mind, by which I should regard the sanctity of the covenant made between us as violated. Therefore I prefer to think anything rather than wish to believe that you have changed toward me; indeed, even that you are variable. I shall send my friend the little book of the Prince of Condé at the first opportunity. Arnaldus has replied to Petavius. H 3.
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CL. SARRAVIUS Fano Vlitio. Hagam. Non ingrata est mihi illa tua solicitudo, qua cruciari videris, ne nomen virtusque tua animo meo exciderint: neve in meam offensionem silentio tuo incurreris. Eam enim habeo, pro amoris tui erga me certissimo argumento. Sed nihil necesse erat tam operose me aggredi, ut expugnares. Totus enim ego tuus, fuique semper. Te certe ut vidi ut amavi; adeo multæ illæ, quæ te usque comitantur animi & corporis dotes eximiæ, sese statim in oculos mentemque ingerunt, nec facile est ab illis divelli; nec quisquam velit. Itaque amo te Præstantissime Vliti, rogoque ut hujusce amoris mei experimentum capias. Capies vero si me amas, & videbis me tibi operam & studium navare velle. Quid altero illo Ariani Cyngetico, quid Hygini Astronomico (quæ ad editionem parabas) factum sit, rescire gestio. Ostende te orbi, Eruditissime Adolescens, nec diutius , vel industriam tuam cela. Si qua juvare possum, consilia tua faciam libentissime, habebisque me semper tui cultorem studiosissimum, & ad omnia officia paratissimum. Vale & me ama, qui te amo Lut. Paris. III. Cal. Mart. CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. Claudio Salmasio. Curiosus sum fateor, sed præcipue rerum tuarum. Ei tamen parti, quæ scripta tua spectat, modum posueram; ut ex postremis meis litteris cognoveris. Sed nescio qui factum sit, ut quod de illis me celatum voluisti, nec ego scire amplius laborabam mihi fortean indicatum sit. Sed an vera indicina? Tum certe Dicebat scilicet te de quæstione, An Mutuum esset Alienatio? aliquid iterum velle prælo subjicere: occasione sumpta ex summi cujusdam amici tui, & amplissimum Audomarum Talæum nomina- bat,
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CL. SARRAVIUS Fano Vlitio. Hagam. Your concern, by which you seem to be tormented lest your name and your worth may have slipped from my mind, is not unwelcome to me; nor have you, by your silence, incurred my displeasure. For I take it as the surest proof of your affection toward me. Yet it was not at all necessary to attack me with such elaborate effort in order to win me over. For I am wholly yours, and have always been so. Certainly, as soon as I saw you, I loved you; so many eminent gifts of mind and body accompany you that they immediately force themselves upon one’s eyes and mind, and it is not easy to be parted from them; nor would anyone wish it. Thus I love you, most excellent Vlitius, and I ask that you take this my love as proof. Indeed, you will do so if you love me, and you will see that I wish to devote my labor and zeal to you. What has happened to that other work of Ariani, the Cyngeticus, and to Hyginus, the Astronomicus, which you were preparing for publication, I am eager to learn. Show yourself to the world, most learned young man, and no longer conceal your industry. If I can be of any help, I shall most gladly further your plans, and you will always have me as a most devoted admirer of yours and most ready for every duty. Farewell, and love me, as I love you. Paris, March 30. CL. SARRAVIUS Leyden. To Claudius Salmasius. I confess I am curious, but especially about your affairs. Yet I had set a limit to that part which concerns your writings, as you will have learned from my last letter. But I know not how it happened that what you wished concealed from me about them, and what I was no longer eager to know, may perhaps have been revealed to me. But is the information true? Then certainly he was saying, no doubt, that you wished once again to submit to the press something on the question, Whether a loan is an alienation? taking the occasion from a certain eminent friend of yours, and he was naming the most illustrious Audomarus Talaeus,
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EPISTOLÆ. 63 bat, sermone qui priorem tuam, ea de re, Diatribam, miris laudibus extulerat. Ego vero fidem ut continenti vel etiam ex intervallo haberem, vix ac ne vix quidem impetrare ab animo meo potui. Itaque etiamnum . Num ille litaverit explicabis. Tu vicissim, qui non incuriosus es, si ille verum dixit, quiritaberis & exclamabis, Non servavit fidem Menagius ille, apud quem arcana mea deposui; cum enim video in flagrante tua gratia. Erga me certe servavit, quem ita fugit, ut vix conspectum meum sustineat, dum nempe veretur, ne quid sibi incogitanti excidat. Quis ergo ille sit, scire si discupis, non habebis me adeo tenacem Harpocratis discipulum, ut interroganti non respondeam. Vestras ille Paulus Dumayus Tolosas nudiustertius jactitabat hoc sibi liquido perspectum. Nolui credere: quoque plura addebat, fidem ut faceret, eo me semper est expertus. Poteris, si lubet, alterum immo vel utrumque damnare aut absolvere: hac enim in re perinde est. Sed Curatores vestros lingua Belgica conficere Diploma de viris celeberrimis & eminentis doctrinæ putidum est, nec eos absolvere possum: uti nec ferre, quod tam perfunctorie negotium istud tractarint. Pacem expectabam, isti nec Inducias dederunt Ego enim curiosus, rogo quo nomine cessatio ista perpetua inter infensos vocanda sit. Dum amplius deliberabunt, aliquid fiet. Vale & belle curiosum ama. Lutet. Par. Prid. Non. Mart. CLIX DCLXIV. EPISTOLA LXVII. CL. S A L M A S I U S Claudio Sarravio. Lutetiam. Quod a me sollicite quæris, ut, quam mittis, Inscriptionem explicem tibi, faciam, quantum in me erit, evidenter & commode. Urbs Nanne- tes vicus olim fuit nomine Portensis quia portus erat: Hodie Fossam vocant. VICANI igitur PORTENSES sunt municipes illius vici Portensis; quorum ACTORES EX STIPE CONLATA COLLEGIO MUNI- CIPUM tribunal posuisse dicuntur. Sic singulares illæ literæ sunt exponendæ C. M. Vici, præcipue majores, sæpe municipii juribus fruebantur. Quod ad Deum VOLIANUM attinet, locale fuit numen illius municipii, vel vici Portensis, de quo frustra alibi quæras, quod non sis inventurus. Nonso- lum singulis Provinciis olim & civitatibus sui Dii attributi fuere, sed etiam municipiis & vicis. Hi sunt, quos Tertullianus in Apologetico scribit, municipali consecratione censeri. Romanas, ut opinor, Provincias edidi, nec tamen Romanos Deos earum; quia Roma non magis coluntur, quam qui per ipsam quoque Italiam municipali consecratione consentur. Crustuminiensium Beluentinus, Narniensium Viridianus, Æsculanorum Ancaria, Volfinien- sium Nursia, Ocriculanorum Valentia, Sutrinorum Nortia, Faliscorum in honore est pater Curis. Ita in Gallia singula municipia & singuli vici suos pecu-
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EPISTOLAE. 63 bat, in a discourse that had praised your earlier Diatribe on that matter with marvelous praise. But I could scarcely, indeed hardly at all, bring myself to have confidence either continuously or even at intervals. So even now . . . Whether he has made the sacrifice you will explain. You in turn, who are not incurious, if he spoke the truth, will cry out and exclaim, “Menagius has not kept faith, he with whom I deposited my secrets”; for indeed I see him in the full blaze of your favor. Toward me, certainly, he has kept it, since he shuns me so much that he can scarcely bear the sight of me, plainly because he fears that something may slip out of him unawares. If you are very eager to know who he is, you will not find me so steadfast a disciple of Harpocrates that I shall not answer an inquirer. The other day Paulus Dumay was boasting in Toulouse that this was quite clear to him. I refused to believe it; and the more he added, in order to convince me, the more he proved himself to me. You may, if you wish, condemn or acquit either one or both; for in this matter it comes to the same thing. But that your Curators should draw up in the Belgian tongue a Diploma for celebrated men and men of eminent learning is disgusting, and I cannot acquit them either; nor can I endure that they handled this business so perfunctorily. I was expecting peace; those men did not even grant a truce. For I, being curious, ask by what name this perpetual cessation among enemies is to be called. When they deliberate further, something will be done. Farewell, and love a good curiosity-seeker. Paris, on the day before the Nones of March. CLIX DCLXIV. EPISTOLA LXVII. CL. S A L M A S I U S to Claudius Sarrau. Paris. What you anxiously ask me to do, namely to explain to you the Inscription you send, I shall do as clearly and as conveniently as I can. The town of Nantes was once a village called Portensis, because there was a harbor: today they call it Fossam. Therefore the VICANI PORTENSES are the inhabitants of that village of Portensis; it is said that their ACTORES, with money collected by subscription, set up a tribunal for the college of the citizens. Thus those individual letters are to be explained, C. M. The villages, especially the larger ones, often enjoyed the rights of municipalities. As for the god VOLIANUS, he was the local deity of that municipality, or of the village Portensis, about whom you will look elsewhere in vain, since you will not find him. Not only were gods once assigned to individual provinces and cities, but also to municipalities and villages. These are the ones, as Tertullian writes in the Apologeticum, “reckoned by municipal consecration.” I have published, I think, the Roman provinces, but not the Roman gods of those provinces; because in Rome they are no more worshipped than those who are likewise counted throughout Italy by municipal consecration. Among the Crustuminians is Beluentinus; among the Narnians, Viridianus; among the Æsculans, Ancaria; among the Volsinians, Nursia; among the Ocriculanians, Valentia; among the Sutrinans, Nortia; among the Falisci, the father Curis is held in honor. So in Gaul each municipality and each village had its own pecu-
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64 CL. S A R R A V I I peculiares habuere deos. Talis hic VOLIANUS apud Vicum Porten- iem, ubi Nannetum nunc est civitas. Totius Galliæ peculiare numen fuit Belenus. Noriæ eum tribuit Tertullianus eodem loco. Inscriptiones Grute- ri plenæ sunt hujusmodi Deorum municipalium vel localium, quos Græci eumus Iesu dixere: Marcellinus locales: ut Dei localiter appellatio. Hic Deus localis. Pagi etiam suos habuere, inde Prudent. Numina pagi. Superstitio ultima resedit in his pagis, ubi tenaciore cultu rustici sua numina adorabant, quam cives sua in urbibus. Certe Religio pagana inde appellata, quod in pagis adhuc perseveraret, cum ab urbibus jam esset exterminata. Lege Indicem Gruter. Inscript. multa ibi occurrent nomina numinum gentilium municipalium & localium. NUMINA AUGUSTORUM sæpe etiam in illis Inscriptionibus legere est, & NUMINA AUGUSTI, quinon nominantur sed intelliguntur. Et apparet duos Augustos Romæ tum impe- rasse, cum illa Inscriptio posita est. Non solum NUMINIB. AUGU- STOR. dedicata est: sed etiam DEO VOLIANO : de quo non magis tibi dicere possum, unde nomen nactus sit quam COSOSUS cujus mentio sola in alia Inscriptione, quam habeo. Quis unquam meminit ABELLIONIS Dei, cujus in sola inscriptione memoria apud Comicnes Novempopulaniæ in tomo Inscript. Gruteri? Sunt alia sexcenta vicanorum & municipalium numina propria, quorum nomina alibi non leguntur, nisi in illis pagis, municipiis, coloniisque, in quibus peculiari consecratione loci de- dicata fuere. Sed quoniam Romani sunt homines, qui Inscriptionem illam Nanuetensem posuerunt, & Vicus ipse, vel Oppidum, colonia Romana, videamus (mutata priore sententia) an ex illo VOLIANO Deum Ro- manum possimus fabricare? Ejusdem certe generis erit, cujus infiniti alii, quos celebravit Augustinus in libris de Civitate Dei, ab aliquo actu aut of- ficio humano denominatos. Ita VOLIANUS quid prohibet a volio ap- pellatum id est voluntate: quod voluntati hominum præsit, eamque dirigat, & ad optatum exitum perducat? Sic Libentina & Liburnus libidinum dii apud Arnobium lib. 1v. Sed volium, inquiesi, quis dixit pro voluntate? Hoc etiam quæro. Sed quis a verbo volo volium pro voluntate non æque optima ratione & analogia factum confitebitur, ut alia sexcenta eadem moncta cusa? A colo colium pro domicilio & habitatione. Inde Lares colio potentes, Ter- tulliano: quorum potentia intra penates & habitationes privatorum cernitur. Sic armipotens Mars, in armis potens, Coelipotentes in cælo potentes. Et sic alia. Quis vero potest infitiari potestatem Larium intra domum fuisse con- clusam? Hinc & id est domestici, vocati. Solinus Ici- dios appellavit Græca voce. Sic Lares colio potentes. Quod tamen scio non probabit Vossius noster. Coliginem alia tamen formatione dixit Arnobius: pro habitatione & ædibus: & coliginis focos penatium focos. Ut colium a colo, volium a volo. Inde nostrum antiquum veuil pro volunté. Videris an & Italicum respondeat. Certe dicimus de bonne voille, quod sit bona vo- lunta-
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64 CL. S A R R A V I I had their peculiar gods. Such was this VOLIANUS among the Vicus Porten- iensis, where the city of Nannetum now is. The special deity of all Gaul was Belenus. Tertullian assigns him to Noricum in the same place. The inscriptions of Gruter are full of such municipal or local gods, whom the Greeks eumus Iesu called: Marcellinus: local ones; as in the appellation of God locally. This local God. The districts also had their own gods; hence Prudentius, Numina pagi. Superstition lingered last in these districts, where the rustics worshiped their gods with a more tenacious cult than the citizens did theirs in the cities. Certainly pagan religion was so called because it still persisted in the districts, while it had already been banished from the cities. Read the Index to Gruter’s Inscriptions. There you will find many names of gentile municipal and local divinities. NUMINA AUGUSTORUM is often also to be read in those inscriptions, and NUMINA AUGUSTI, though they are not named but understood. And it appears that two Augusti ruled at Rome when that inscription was set up. It was dedicated not only to the NUMINIB. AUGUSTOR. but also to DEO VOLIANO: concerning whom I can tell you no more than whence he took his name, any more than COSOSUS, of whom there is only mention in another inscription that I possess. Who ever remembered ABELLIONIS, a god whose memory survives in a single inscription among the Comici of Novempopulania in Gruter’s volume of inscriptions? There are six hundred other proper gods of the vicani and municipals, whose names are not read elsewhere except in those districts, municipia, and colonies in which they were dedicated by a special consecration of the place. But since the men who set up that inscription of Nannetum are Romans, and the place itself, or town, a Roman colony, let us see whether, with the former opinion changed, we can fashion a Roman god out of that VOLIANUS. Surely he will belong to the same kind as the countless others celebrated by Augustine in the books On the City of God, named from some human act or office. Thus what prevents VOLIANUS from being derived from volio, that is, from will: as one who presides over the will of men, directs it, and brings it to the desired outcome? Thus Libentina and Liburnus are gods of lust in Arnobius, book 4. But volium, you will say, who ever said for will? That too I ask. But who would not confess that from the verb volo, volium for will was made with just as sound a reason and analogy, as countless other coined forms? From colo, colium for dwelling-place and habitation. Hence the Lares colio potentes, in Tertullian: whose power is seen within the household gods and the dwellings of private persons. So armipotens Mars, mighty in arms, and Coelipotentes, mighty in heaven. And so other forms. For who can deny that the power of the Lares was confined within the home? Hence they were also called domestic, and so on. Solinus called them Icidius, using a Greek word. Thus, Lares colio potentes. Yet I know our Vossius will not approve this. Arnobius, however, used another formation, coliginem: for habitation and houses; and the hearths of the penates, the hearths of the penates. As colium comes from colo, volium from volo. Hence our old veuil for volonté. Consider whether the Italian also corresponds. Certainly we say de bonne voille, meaning good will-
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EPISTOLÆ. 65 luntate: quod mihi videtur ex Italico deflexum. Ita ab assimo assimum, pro estimatione apud Frontinum & Aggenu in libro de Agrimens. Pro assimio ubertatis loci. Ita studium a studeo: impendium ab impendo: praludium a praludo: opprobrium ab opprobro: & infinita talia. Sic ergo VOLIANUS Deusa volio, voluntatis præses Deus, si Latinus est Deus, & non a loco denominatus est. Vix potest aliunde deduci. NUMINA AUGUSTORUM, Augusti sunt, quibus illa inscriptio dicata, ut & Voliano Deo. Divi fratres forte an fuerint, auralii quicunque bini, aut terni simul imperarunt. Sed de binis potius. Literæ singulares C. M. non aliud exprimunt, quam id quod dixi. COLLEGIO MUNICIPII. Vox LOCIS non uno loco tribunal positum significat, sed pluribus. Nam & honoris gratia in pluribus locis eadem sæpe poni solebat Inscriptio. Autor vitæ Attici, de Atheniensibus, qui Attico plures statuas consectarunt. Quandiu affuit, ne sibi poneretur statua, restitit: absens probibere non potuit. Itaque aliquot ipsi O Pilia statuas locis sanctissimis posuerum. Posset & dici locis positum pro loco. Sic apud Virgilium, His posuit fortuna locis: & Devenere locos. Si quid amplius erit de quo dubites, verbo monitus facere conabor. Mea valetudo adhuc incerta. Alternis ludunt pedes inter morbum & sanitatem. Spero meliora proximo vere. Ita illa cornix, de qua apud Suetonium. Est bene non potuit dicere, dixit erit. Vale Vir amplissime, & me, vel merentem vel immerentem ama. Leydæ. Non. Mart. CIC XLIV. EPISTOLA LXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Bonum factum, quod meæ & Menagii litteræ rationes tuas juverint: sed noli mirari, quod tam belle inter nos convenerit, ut Batavis tuis fucum faceremus. Una enim res fuit, quam de compacto gessimus, quasi in Vela- bro olearii. Hinc quærere lubet, an semper piæ fraudes rejiciendæ? Habent illæ sua commoda; quod invitum te cum severa tua philosophia fateri necesse est. Vereris ne arte ista, etiam adversum te, aliquando utamur. Parce mecu, Vir summe, nihil tibitale verendum est: quod in tui gratiam fecimus, an etiam in tui injuriam facturos putas? Tum certe non industrii, non solertes, sed bilingues & perfidia audiremus. In isto negotio sibi plaudet Heinsius: dum existimabit vulnerum sibi a te inflictorum obstructas ita esse cicatrices, ut nullo pacto possent amplius recrudescere. Tu verberando, ille vapulando ambo defessi eratis. Quid facilius, quid rationi magis consentaneum, quam ut tot laboribus aliqua quies succederet? Et habes tu, magnanime Hercules, aliud quod agas, quam ut semper cum istis Pygmæis decertes. De Epistola edita, jacta est alea. Nisi velint foedifragi audire, necesse est amarum illud ebibant nuncinor. Monebat nuper communis amicus in ea, Herodem Infanticidam I non
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EPISTLE. 65 will: which seems to me to be derived from the Italian. Thus from assimo, assimum, for valuation, according to Frontinus and Aggenus in the book on Surveyors. Pro assimio of the fertility of the place. Thus studium from studeo; impendium from impendo; praludium from praludo; opprobrium from opprobro; and countless such forms. So then VOLIANUS Deusa volio, god presiding over will, if Deus is Latin, and is not named from a place. It can scarcely be deduced from elsewhere. NUMINA AUGUSTORUM, are the Augusti, to whom that inscription is dedicated, as also to the Volian God. The divine brothers perhaps were the imperial pair, whatever pair of Augusti, or three who ruled together. But rather of two. The single letters C. M. express nothing else than what I have said. COLLEGIO MUNICIPII. The word LOCIS in one place does not mean that the tribunal was set up in one place, but in several. For also out of honor, in several places the same inscription was often accustomed to be placed. The author of the Life of Atticus, concerning the Athenians, who erected several statues to Atticus. While he was present, so that no statue should be set up to him, he resisted; being absent, he could not prevent it. Accordingly they placed a few statues for him, O Pilia, in most sacred places. It could also be said that locis was used for loco. Thus in Virgil, To these places fortune has set him; and They came to the place. If there shall be anything further about which you doubt, I shall try to act on the hint given by the word. My health is still uncertain. My feet play alternately between illness and health. I hope for better things next spring. So that crow, of which Suetonius speaks. It could not say “it is well”; it said “it will be.” Farewell, most distinguished sir, and love me, whether deserving or undeserving. From Leiden. Non. Mart. 1444. EPISTLE LXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. It was a good thing that my letters and Menagius’ letters helped your affairs: but do not be surprised that the matter between us was arranged so nicely, that we could impose on your Batavians. For there was but one thing which we carried out by agreement, as if in the oil-market of the Velabrum. From this I should like to ask whether even pious frauds are always to be rejected? They have their advantages; this you are forced to admit, unwilling though you are, with your severe philosophy. You fear that we may one day use that art, even against you. Spare me, most excellent sir; you have nothing to fear that is harmful to you: what we did for your sake, do you think we shall also do to your injury? Then certainly we should be called not industrious, not clever, but double-tongued and perfidious. In that business Heinsius will applaud himself: while he imagines that the scars of the wounds inflicted on him by you have been so closed up that by no means could they break out again. You were wearied out by striking, he by being struck; both of you were exhausted. What could be easier, what more in keeping with reason, than that some rest should follow so many labors? And you, great-souled Hercules, have something else to do than always to contend with those Pygmies. As for the published letter, the die is cast. Unless they wish to be called oath-breakers, they must drink up that bitter draught now. A common friend was recently warning that in it, Herod the Infant-killer I did not
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CL SARRAVIUS non recte Tetrarcham vocari. Magnum quippe Herodem toti genti Præfuisse, non uni alicui tantum tetrarchiæ. Sed hoc leviusculum. Majus videri queat, quod alibi habetur; Prima antiquitatis Christianos, templa Idolorum pleraque a gentibus consecrata, convertisse in templa vivi Dei. Primus enim Gregorius Magnus de conservandis Gentilium templis decretum condidit. Epæonensis Synodus Hæreticorum ædes sacras deltruendas pronuntiabat Canone XXXIII. Anno Domini D. XVII. quanto magis Paganorum, Honorius Templa Ecclesiis contulit, sed ut evertere liceret A. D. CCC. XCIX. In civitate notissima et eminentissima Carthagine Africæ Gaudentius et Iovius Comites Imperatoris Honorii, quarto decimo Kalendas Aprilis, falsorum deorum templa everterunt, et simulacra fregerunt. Verba sunt Augustini de Civitate Dei lib. XVIII. Cap. ult. Duobus hisce facili negotio succurrentur; si priori pro Tetrarcham, Ethnarcham, si posteriori pro Prima, Media jubeas reponi. Dicebat alius Lacum Avernum non fectere, sed vicinam Scrobem Charoniam, quæ nunc Grotta del cane vocatur, tetrum odo-rem exhalare. Mavisacus noster scribebat nuper te rogarem, ut meminisses Editionis Pugionis fidei Raimundi Martini, de qua coram tecum egerat: an scilicet vellet nobilis aliquis typographus istud opus subire. Si uno verbo lo significaveris, statim librum ad te mittam. Cogor de tua Militia, nec tantam Cæsii tarditatem possum æquo animo pati. Dum tamen etiam moratur Paludanus, vir, si alius quisquam, optimus, nondum foelicis, licet tardioris, eventus spes decollat. Elegans est & erudita explicatio tua Nannetensis Inscriptionis, gratiasque ago de ea gratissimas. Existimaveram pro Voliano legendum esse Volcano: sed absit ut dubitem de priori lectione contra perspicacissimos oculos tuos, cum etiam eam in hunc quoque modum descripserit Gruterus M. LXXIV. 10. quem quæso consule: non nihil enim variat. Unum verbum turbat scilicet LOCIS. Quod cui jungam non video. Ut beneficium absolvas rogo, id mihi explicare velis. Libris tuis donati sunt amici omnes tui juxta adjunctos indiculos. Ego & mea te & tuam salutamus. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. XII. Mart. CIC 13C XLIV. EPISTOLA LXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Batavorum. Facile tibi est pro immensa tua summæ eruditionis & elegantis sermonis copia longas literas scribere, rogoque ut tuam diligentiam semper imitari velis, nec ob mearum brevitatem ab isto incepto recedas. Heri Peyrerio Præadamitarum somnolento auctori tradidi libellum Conæi Principis cum Antidæ monomania Matisconensi. Propter expeditam Latinæ Linguæ facundiam invitatus a Tegulario Legato in Daniam proficiscenti. Ei lese additurus est comitem. Adeo præceps fuit ejus discessus, ut per tantam festinationem non licue-
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CL SARRAVIUS not rightly to be called Tetrarch. For great Herod governed the whole nation, not merely any one tetrarchy. But this is a slight matter. A greater point may seem to be what is found elsewhere; namely, that Christians of old transformed most pagan temples, consecrated by the nations, into temples of the living God. For Gregory the Great first issued a decree about preserving the temples of the Gentiles. The Synod of Epaon declared that the sacred houses of heretics were to be demolished, Canon XXXIII. A.D. 517; how much more so those of the pagans? Honorius assigned the temples to the churches, but so that they might be overturned, A.D. 399. In the most famous and eminent city of Carthage in Africa, Gaudentius and Jovius, Counts of the Emperor Honorius, on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of April, destroyed the temples of the false gods and smashed the images. These are Augustine’s words from the City of God, book XVIII, last chapter. These two points will be easily met if, in the first place, you order Tetrarcham to be replaced by Ethnarcham, and in the second, Prima by Media. Another man was saying that the Lake Avernus does not stink, but the neighboring Charonian pit, which is now called Grotta del Cane, exhales a foul odor. Our Mavisacus was writing recently that I should ask you to remember the edition of Raymond Martini’s Pugionis Fidei, about which he had spoken with you in person: namely, whether some distinguished printer might wish to undertake that work. If you indicate this in a single word, I shall immediately send the book to you. I am compelled to speak of your Militia, and I cannot bear Caesar’s slowness with equanimity. Yet while Paludanus too delays, a man, if ever there was one, most excellent, the hope of a happy, though tardy, outcome is not cut off. Your elegant and learned explanation of the Nantès inscription is excellent, and I give you the most grateful thanks for it. I had thought that Voliano should be read instead of Volcano; but let it be far from me to doubt the former reading against your keen eyes, since Gruter also described it in this way, M. LXXIV. 10.; please consult him, for it varies somewhat. One word is disturbing, namely LOCIS. I do not see to what I should join it. I ask that you bring this favor to completion by explaining it to me. All your friends have been presented with books of yours, according to the enclosed lists. I and mine greet you and yours. At Paris. XII. March. 1643. EPISTLE LXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. It is easy for you, with your immense supply of the highest learning and elegant style, to write long letters, and I ask that you always be willing to imitate your diligence, and that you do not depart from that resolve on account of the brevity of mine. Yesterday I handed to Peyrerius, the sleepy author of the Præadamites, a little book of Prince Conæus together with Antidæ of Matiscon, on monomania. Owing to his ready command of the Latin tongue, he has been invited by the legate Tegularius, who is traveling to Denmark. He is to be added to him as a companion. So abrupt was his departure that, through such haste, not
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EPISTOLÆ. 67 licuerit epistolium fasciculo includere. Libenter etiam adjunxissem Curiæ subsidiorum placitum, quod describendum curaveram: sed non visum est satis belle & curiose exaratum, ut ad te mitteretur. Aliud exemplum fiet, quod quam potero ocyssime isthuc destinabo: & deinceps frequentiores sese dabunt occasiones. Te inter & Heinsium transactum esse negotium gauderem magis, si viderem tibi illud gratum esse. Nunc autem illud displicet & angit, quia credis eo te arctatum, libertatemque tuam imminutam. Existimaveram istud incommodum melioribus compensatum iri. Secus si accidat, fatebor istius Soli ingenia mihi parum perspecta, nec adeo me tibi in diversa tendenti præbebo difficilem. Retractas itaque Mutuaticiam controversiam, & verum dixerat Paulus Dumajus? Bene sit tam certo indici. Maluissent alii, & ego forsan inter cæteros, ut aliud saxum volveres. Sed olim nos assuefecisti scripta tua non ex desideriis nostris, sed ex tua voluntate & arbitrio metiri. Ubi sarcinas librorum tuorum acceperis, tum demum merito tecum expostulabimus, si istis in minutis tempus tibi pereat Præsertim vero si inchoatum opus de primatu interjungas. Hoc unum habeat saltem purior Ecclesia, quo sese te filio jactet. Ut enim reliquorum gratiam faciamus, impettabit an extorquebit Gallicum Coelum cui jam restituendus videris. Gazophylax typis descriptorum abolitionem nuper urgebat. Dixi rem non esse integram: nec si velles, posse te id præstare post authenticum Elzevirio creditum. Mantissam de inscriptione Nannetensi Volianoque Deo satis laudare non possum. Unum illud Locis semper turbat: nec satis capio, qui possit illud verbum ita solitarie scriptum significare, pluribus locis simile positum tribunal. Reliqua plana sunt. Voliani quod proposuisti non poterat luculentius explicari. Debebit tibi Deus ille suam, cum antea misere cum suo frigido lapide sepultus tectusque ignoraretur. Ut enim lateant diutius, quæ de eo tam subtiliter, addo & vere, a te sunt enarrata, ingratus sim si patiar. Sed vide ne ista tua facilitate temeritatem meam irrites, dum vide- ro eam tibi suppeditare tam doctæ Scriptionis argumenta. Iterum itaque gratias ago, iterumque rogo ut tui semper sis similis. Satis secundus ven:us nuper fuit in Bataviam velificantibus, unde existimem tibi reddita esse tandem aliquando Cæsio & Paludano deposita. Iussus est Arnaldus Romam ad Pontificios pedes, librum suum deferre. Intercedit generose Academia Parisiensis: intercedit etiam senatus noster qui vetat tanta injuria Gallicanam Ecclesiam affici Rege puero, ut non judicentur ejus alumni in partibus; ut dicta est lex ex pactis conventis, quæ Concordia vulgo audiunt. Condæus, Cancellarius, Iesuitæ in proposito perstant. Apud Ambianenses Janssenianum dissidium populum ita dividit, ut armatus ad conciones adversarias prodeat, vim facere paratus ni magistratus prohibessit. Apud Tolosates aliquid hujusmodi factitari nuntiatur. En artes Iesuiticas, quibus contra regni jura & cominoda, omnia permittuntur. Nos Valemus: Tu & Tua salrete. Vale. Lutetiæ Parisiorum XII. Martii. CIC LXC XLIV. I 2 EPI-
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EPISTLES. 67 I would have liked to include the little letter in the bundle. I would also gladly have added the decision of the subsidy committee, which I had arranged to have copied; but it did not seem neatly and carefully enough written to be sent to you. Another copy will be made, which I shall dispatch there as quickly as possible; and thereafter more frequent opportunities will present themselves. I would be more pleased that the matter between you and Heinsius had been settled, if I saw that it was agreeable to you. But now it displeases and troubles me, because you think yourself constrained by it and your freedom diminished. I had supposed that this inconvenience would be compensated by better things. If it turns out otherwise, I shall admit that I have understood that man’s talents too little, and I shall not be so difficult with you when you are inclined in another direction. So you are withdrawing the Mutuatic controversy, and Paulus Dumajus had spoken the truth? Good for so certain an indication. Others would have preferred, and perhaps I among them, that you should roll another stone. But long ago you accustomed us to measure your writings not by our wishes, but by your will and judgment. When you have received the burden of your books, then indeed we shall rightly remonstrate with you, if time is wasted by you on such trifles, especially if you add the begun work on primacy. At least let the purer Church have this one thing in which to boast of you as her son. For, leaving aside the favor of the rest, will the French sky, to which now you seem to be restored, grant or extort it? The Gazophylax recently pressed for the abolition of printed works. I said the matter was not complete; nor, even if you wished, could you do that after the copy entrusted to Elzevir had been authenticated. I cannot praise enough the supplement about the Nantes inscription and the Volian god. Only this always troubles the Loca: and I do not quite understand how that word, written so singly, can signify tribunal, when similar words are placed in several places. The rest is plain. What you proposed about Volianus could not have been explained more clearly. That god will owe you his own due, since before he was, miserably buried and hidden with his cold stone, he was ignored. For if the things which you have set forth about him so subtly, and I add truly, should remain hidden any longer, I would be ungrateful if I allowed it. But see to it that your ease does not provoke my boldness, while I see it supplying me with the subjects for so learned a writing. Therefore I thank you again, and again I ask that you always be like yourself. The wind recently was favorable enough for those sailing to Batavia, from which I suppose that at last the deposits of Caesius and Paludanus have been returned to you. Arnauld has been ordered to Rome, to place his book at the feet of the Pontiffs. The Paris Academy intervenes nobly; our senate also intervenes, which forbids the Gallican Church to be treated with such injustice under a boy king, so that his pupils are not judged in parts; as the law is said to have been laid down from the treaties concluded, which are commonly called the Concordat. Condé, the Chancellor, and the Jesuits stand firm in their purpose. Among the people of Amiens, the Janssenist dispute so divides the crowd that a man appears armed at rival sermons, ready to use force unless the magistrates prevent it. At Toulouse something of the sort is reported to be going on. Behold the Jesuit arts, by which, against the rights and interests of the kingdom, everything is permitted. We are well. Farewell, and greet your household. Farewell. At Paris, March 12, 1644. I 2 EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Alexandro Moro. Genevam. Satis multa hic leges a magno Salmasio: itaque paucis te morabor. Jussit omnia hæc exemplaria tibi mitti, quorum bina tua erunt, & reliqua inter Diodatum & Gothofredum divides; cum multa ab auctore, & a me quoque, ita rogo precorque, salute. Expectabimus, a tuo in tantum amicum studio, editionem Animadversionum Croii, cum eximia illa tua Oratione pro vene- rabili Beza. , quid gaudia nostra moraris? Est præterea quod te velim. Burgi Sebusianorum diem obiit, ante decem aut circiter an- nos, vir insignis Gaspar Bachetus Mezeriacus. Habere se dicebat paratum Apollodorum cum eruditissimis commentariis; in quibus omnis Mythica Theologia explicatur. Vir erat doctus & accuratus, ut constat ex ejuslibello de Æsopo & fabulis Æsopicis, aliquotque Sacris Epistolis ad Ovidianarum exemplum concinnatis: quæ omnia video a magnis viris in summo pretio ha- beri. Præter ejus Diophantum, & Commentarios Gallicos in Epistolas Ovi- dii, nihil de eo cognovi. Inquire quæso sedulo de omnibus istius viri scriptis, & quicquid tantum nomen præferre inveneris, meo nomine & sumptu com- parare ut velis enixe contendo: meque gratissimo beneficio devinxeris. Pre- tium quod solveris refundam cum gratiarum actione. Vale & me ama. Lutet. Paris. XIV. Martii. CIC XLIV. EPISTOLA LXXI CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Merum amorem erga me tuum spirant postremæ tuæ literæ; eumque adeo singularem & sincerum, ut oscula dulcia dulcissimæ epistolæ denegare non potuerim. Nec sollicitudinem zelotypiamve meam damnabo, quæ a te tam magnifica affectum erga me tuum testantia verba expresserit. Hodie demum natum me gratulor mihi, qui videam, omnibus istis suspicionum nebulis difflatis, amicitiæ nostræ coelum sudum & serenum. Vivamus, Mi Salmasi, atque amemus: hujusmodique affectiones omnes imposterum unius æstimemus assis. Amicitiæ gloria excel- lamus, neque in nobis fidelitatem atque constantiam ventura ætas desideret. Militiam tuam omnem tandem maris fortunam superasse, cum alacritate in- tellexi, ut & velle te eam Elzevirii statim tradere. Et militare sane suadet anni pulcherrima tempestas, ver iniens. Dum typographos ista exercebunt, Pri- matui tuo ultimam impones manum. Sarcinas enim tuas brevi habiturum te, ni jam habeas, credere par est. Valetudinem tuam aliquantulum firmari bene est
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CL. SARRAVIUS To Alexander Moro. Geneva. You will read here enough from the great Salmasius; so I shall detain you only briefly. He ordered all these copies to be sent to you, of which two will be yours, and you will divide the rest between Diodatus and Gothofredus; with many greetings from the author, and from me as well, I earnestly ask and beg this of you. We shall await, from your affection for so great a friend, the edition of Croius’s Animadversions , together with that splendid Oration of yours in praise of the venerable Beza. Why do you delay our joy? There is besides something I should like you to do for me. Gaspar Bachetus Mezeriacus, a distinguished man, died at Burgi Sebusianorum, about ten years ago or so. He used to say that he had ready Apollodorus with very learned commentaries, in which all Mythic Theology is explained. He was a learned and careful man, as is clear from his little book on Aesop and the Aesopic fables, and from some Sacred Epistles composed on the model of Ovid’s. I see that all these things are held in the highest esteem by great men. Besides his Diophantus and the French Commentaries on Ovid’s Epistles, I learned nothing about him. I beg you to inquire diligently about all the writings of this man, and whatever you find that bears so great a name, I strongly urge you to have it acquired in my name and at my expense: you will bind me to yourself by a most welcome favor. I shall repay the price you have paid, with thanks. Farewell, and love me. Paris, March 14, 1644. EPISTLE LXXI CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Leiden. Your latest letter breathes nothing but your love for me; and so singular and sincere is it that I could not refuse the sweet kisses of the sweetest letter. Nor shall I condemn my anxiety or jealousy, which drew from you those magnificent words testifying to your affection for me. Today at last I congratulate myself as newly born, since I see, all those mists of suspicion dispersed, the sky of our friendship clear and serene. Let us live, my Salmasius, and let us love: and let us hereafter value all such feelings at not even a penny. Let us excel in the glory of friendship, and may future generations find no lack in us of loyalty and constancy. I gladly understood that your military service had at last weathered every storm of the sea, and that you wish to hand it over to Elzevirius at once. And indeed the finest season of the year, the beginning of spring, encourages soldiering. While the printers are occupied with these matters, you will put the finishing touch to your Primatus . For it is reasonable to believe that you will soon have your baggage, if you do not already have it. It is a good thing that your health is becoming somewhat stronger
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EPISTOLÆ. 69 est; pristinum robur mitius deinceps coelum & corporis exercitatio restituent. De inscriptione Ultrajectina ago gratias; digna illa est quæ Gruteri Thesaurum locupletet. Arnaldus latere cogitur, ne in apertam vim inimici adversus eum prorumpant. Nec Senatui nostro liberum est jura regni cum doctissimi & piissimi viri causa & innocentia conjuncta defendere. Sic vivimus. Est adhuc quod te velim de tua Hellenistica. Απεχίδ inquis, quod nemo adhuc notavit, purus putus est Hellenismus. Sed qui potest esse Hellenismus, cum dictum sit Anacreonti, qui ut puto Latine nesciebat. Et observavit olim Beza noster Marci XIV.41. & nuper excellentissimus Gothorum Legatus. In loco Iosephi Σελεύνη ζ Νικάνορος non est Seleuci Nicanoris filii, sed Seleuci Nicanoris, ut posterius verbum sit prioris epitheton. Seleucus enim ille Nicanor dictus, vel Nicator; & illius Nicanoris filius aut successor non vocabatur Seleucus, sed Antiochus Soter. Vale. Lut. Par. Prid. Paschatis. CIC IXC XLIV. EPISTOLA LXXIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Batavorum. Paschalium feriarum, sive religio, sive otium, facile suasit, ut veterum Græcæ Ecclesiæ Doctorum eloquentissimum, Chrysostomum, in manus sumerem. Ejus enim facundia, eruditio & facilitas, in causa sunt, ut eum aliis omnibus libenter præferam. Homilias de Poenitentia, quæ Tomo sexto Saviliano habentur, legi omnes; magna cum voluptate. Unum verbum statim occurrit, ex quo non satis me expedio; cætera omnia facilia visa sunt. Illud est διορισμὸς quod ter extat pag.765. Sanctissimi auctoris mentem satis capio. Nimirum Ionam, ex DEI mandato, interminatum esse Ninivitis certum exitium post tres dies, nulla adhibita conditione, quæ suspenderet eventum, consiliumve mutaret, adeo ut necessario juxta Prophetæ denunciationem debuerint miseri illi mortales perire. Sed vim verbi non possum penetrare. Quid sit, ὑφο, ὑπισμὸς, περισπισμὸς, quid vulgo etiam διορισμὸς significet, nempe divisionem, definitionem, determinationem, facile est, & cuivis obvium. Sed hoc loco aliud plane esse videtur, nec me extricare possum: nec omnium Glossographorum, quæ versavi, volumina satisfaciunt. Neque Fronto Ducæus, quem, ad hunc locum, notasse hanc vocem video, tanquam Chrysostomo propriam, aliquid juvat. Itaque amabo fer opem, & quæ sit illa ἀπεφασις ἀγνεῖς διορισμῶ doce me vel nunquam sciam. Gratiarum actioni pro libris donatis miscet Bochardus noster, quas dudum premebat, querimonias, sed elegantes & suaves. Me rogaverat, si quid secius in epistola sua haberetur, id ut tollerem. Verum nihil mutare malui, tibique literas illibatas mittere: in quibus scilicet nihil legissem quod culpares, quod non amares. Hoc ipsum a me
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is so; its former strength will afterwards be restored by a milder climate and exercise of the body. I thank you for the inscription from Utrecht; it is worthy to enrich Gruter’s Thesaurus. Arnaldus is forced to keep in hiding, lest his enemies break out into open violence against him. Nor is it free for our Senate to defend the rights of the kingdom when the cause and innocence of a most learned and most pious man are involved. Thus we live. There is still something I should like to ask you about your Hellenistica. You say Απεχίδ, which no one has yet noticed, is pure and genuine Hellenism. But how can it be Hellenism, since it is said of Anacreon, who, as I think, knew no Latin. And our Beza long ago noticed it in Mark XIV.41, and recently the most excellent ambassador of the Goths. In Josephus, in the passage Σελεύνη ζ Νικάνορος, it is not “Seleucus, son of Nicanor,” but “Seleucus of Nicanor,” so that the later word is an epithet of the former. For that Seleucus was called Nicanor, or Nicator; and the son or successor of that Nicanor was not called Seleucus, but Antiochus Soter. Farewell. Paris, the day before Easter. CIC IXC XLIV. EPISTLE LXXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leyden, Holland. Either religion or leisure during the Paschal holidays easily persuaded me to take into my hands the most eloquent of the ancient Doctors of the Greek Church, Chrysostom. For his eloquence, learning, and ease of expression are the reason why I willingly prefer him to all others. I read all the Homilies on Repentance, which are found in Savile’s sixth volume, with great pleasure. One word immediately came up, from which I cannot sufficiently free myself; everything else seemed easy. It is διορισμὸς, which occurs three times on page 765. I understand well enough the meaning of the most holy author. Namely, that Jonah, by the command of God, had threatened the Ninevites with certain destruction after three days, with no condition added that might suspend the outcome or change the plan, so that necessarily, according to the prophet’s proclamation, those wretched mortals ought to have perished. But I cannot penetrate the force of the word. What ὑφο, ὑπισμὸς, περισπισμὸς mean, and what διορισμὸς commonly signifies, namely division, definition, determination, is easy and familiar to anyone. But in this place it seems to mean something altogether different, and I cannot work it out; nor do the volumes of all the Glossographers I have examined satisfy me. Nor does Fronto Ducaeus, whom I see has noted this word in relation to this passage, as something proper to Chrysostom, help at all. Therefore I beg you, help me, and teach me what that ἀπεφασις ἀγνεῖς διορισμῶ is, or I shall never know it. Our Bochard, in thanking me for the books he was given, mixes in complaints which he had long been suppressing, but in an elegant and pleasing way. He had asked me, if there were anything objectionable in his letter, to remove it. However, I preferred to change nothing, and to send you the letter untouched: in which, as it were, I had read nothing that you might blame, nothing that you would not love. This very thing from me
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70 CL. S A R R A V I I a me olim fieri volueras, cum ossilegium mitteres, in quo nihilitidem mutavi. Si quid utrobiq[ue] peccatum, uterque mihi imputate. Tu vero huma[n]iter, ut soles, rescribe. Ille enim est Cadomensis noster, qui te plurimum colit & amat, quicque ob immensam suam eruditionem dignissimis tuis meritis verum pretium ponat. Quandoquidem liber tuus de mutuo satis crassus futurus est, consulo ut alteram partem, quæ istud argumentum præsertim spectabit, Amplissimo Talæo inscribas, quia ita te promisisse audio: alteram vero, quæ diversas juris species explicat, Petro & Iacobo Puteanis fratribus. Hi plus possunt quam tum piosætum quilibet: præsertim qui ætate major est. Nisi enim ille negotium tuum conficiat, vereor ut diu trahatur & nunquam fiat. Nam neminem video, qui ad id strenue sese accingat. Poterunt duo isti libelli simul prodeuntes una compingi, cum siremps sit materia. Veretur Heraldus ne sub calamum tuum cadat. Id si facias, posse se remordere mussitat, non enim audet palam jactare. Poteris illum aliter perstringere: ut enim id data opera & ex professio agas, nisi forsan ad Arnobium, tanti ille non videtur. Præterea hujusmodi scripta adversaria vix ferunt ætatem. Leguntur quamdiu contentionis calor animos excalfacit, quo postea defervescente seponuntur. Venio jam ad literastuas, quas non dicam, ut soleo, fuisse mihi tota sua prolixitate gratissimas. Earum sane prima pars de voce Locis in inscriptione Rhedonensi jucundissima fuit, & quicquid adferri potuit ad eam explicandam, id a te allatum est. Itaque non amplius de ea negotium facesam, quin potius gratias debeo & ago summas. Sed quam illa grata, tam sane postrema molesta fuit. Primum mihi de taciturno Menagio fidem non habes, & tamen dicor abs te summe amari. Ergo me mendacem arbitraris, & cum hoc sordido vitio amas? Quasi vero non hoc tota urbe decantetur futurum, ut brevi ad nos redeas, ut necesse sit hoc mihi a Menagio in aurem dici? Sed tamen nemo, ut dixi, operi manum gnaviter admovet, quodque omnes velle se profitentur, efficit nullus eorum, qui id facile præstare possunt. Deinde istic tibi vita multis rationibus dura est & acerba. Utinam illam ego emollire & lenire possem! Utinam quas proponis difficultates omnes superare meæ esset facultatis. Sed graves illæ sunt? Immo gravissimæ, quia domesticæ sunt & perpetuo sese ingerunt. Non abnuo. Sed an hic te a mari liberum tranquilla tellus excipiet? Excipiet sane si otiosum, si nihil scribentem habeat. Sed si Loyalitam pulses, vel etiam irruentem repellas, tum væ tibi, Vir summe, qui sacrosanctæ Societati audeas obstrepere. Quid Ærodio, quid Arnaldo acciderit omnes norunt & stupent. Prior ille lectiones repetitis vicibus dictavit, bonis omnibus immo & malis execrabilis. Nemo istam doctrinam defendit, ab ipsis etiam Claromontanis Patribus aperte rejectum & damnatam. Non tamen licet universitati institutam accusationem apud Senatum persequi. Typographus, qui libellum suplicem Rectoris excudit, in carcerem conjectus est, in quo satis duriter ante mensem habetur. Non licet Senatui de eo negotio cognoscere. Aliunde, inquiunt, Reipublicæ cavebitur.
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70 CL. SARRAVII What you once wanted me to do, when you sent the bone-gathering packet, I have likewise altered in this matter. If anything has been mistaken in either place, lay the blame on both of us. But do answer me kindly, as you always do. For he is our man from Caen, who greatly honors and loves you, and who, because of his immense erudition, assigns the truest worth to your most deserving merits. Since your book on loans will be rather bulky, I advise that you inscribe the other part, which will especially concern that subject, to the Most Illustrious Talaeus, because I hear you have promised as much; and the other, which explains the various kinds of law, to the brothers Pierre and Jacques Puteanus. These men can do more than anyone else, especially the elder of the two. For unless he brings your business to completion, I fear it will be dragged out for a long time and never finished. For I see no one who is vigorously setting himself to it. These two little books, appearing at the same time, could be bound together as one, since the matter is essentially the same. Herald fears that he may come under your pen. If you do that, he mutters that he can bite back, though he does not dare boast of it openly. You could strike him in another way: if you do it deliberately and professionally, unless perhaps with regard to Arnobius, he does not seem worth so much. Besides, writings of this kind can scarcely stand the test of time. They are read only so long as the heat of contention warms men’s minds; once that cools, they are set aside. I now come to your letters, which I shall not say, as I usually do, were to me most delightful in all their length. Their first part, indeed, about the word Locis in the inscription from Rennes, was most pleasing, and whatever could be brought forward to explain it, you have brought forward. So I shall trouble you no more about it, but rather must give and do you my deepest thanks. But as pleasant as that was, the final part was certainly troublesome. First, you do not trust me concerning silent Menage, and yet I am said by you to be greatly loved. So you think me a liar, and you love me with this sordid fault? As if it were not being sung throughout the whole city that you will soon return to us, so that it is necessary for Menage to whisper this in my ear? Yet no one, as I said, is energetically applying a hand to the work, and what all profess themselves willing to do, none of those who could easily accomplish it actually do. Next, life there is hard and bitter for you for many reasons. Would that I could soften and ease it! Would that it were in my power to overcome all the difficulties you set forth. But are they grave? Nay, most grave, because they are domestic and keep thrusting themselves in continually. I do not deny it. But will this tranquil land here, free from the sea, receive you? It certainly will, if it has you idle and writing nothing. But if you lash out at Loyalit, or even fend off his attack, then woe to you, most excellent man, if you dare to speak against the sacred Society. What happened to Ærodius, what happened to Arnold, everyone knows and marvels at. The former repeatedly dictated lectures, execrable to all good men and even to the bad. No one defends that doctrine; it has been openly rejected and condemned even by the Fathers of Clermont. Yet the university is not allowed to pursue the accusation already instituted before the Senate. The printer who published the rector’s petition has been thrown into prison, where he has been kept rather harshly for the past month. The Senate is not allowed to take cognizance of that business. Elsewhere, they say, provision will be made for the Commonwealth.
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EPISTOLÆ. 71 tur. Sed quæ poena statuitur in auctorem hujus . Amplius non leget in Collegio Loyolytico. An publice recantabit tam dira dogmata? Non leget amplius. Ita confectum est omne hoc negotium. Audi jam Arnaldi historiam. Librum ille grandem scripsit adversus Anonymum Loyo- litam ab Archiepiscopis, Episcopisve quindecim, Theologiæ Doctoribus viginti probatum & sigillo regio munitum. Civitates multæ, has inter Tolosa, Aurelia, Sanctissunam doctrinam in coelum evehunt. Quo præmio ille affi- citur? Iubetur Romam proficisci patriaque exulare, Pontifice eum non ci- tante, nec de eo quidquam expostulante. Petavius hominem acerbe & inju- riose impetit, Princeps e stirpe regia Petavio auxiliaris accedit. Non ausus est Arnaldus Principi, ausus est Petavio replicare; edere non licet: immo delitescere cogitur, ne invitum Romam pellant cum Abbate Boissio & fratre Fulgentio misere periturum, contra regni jura, concordata & libertates Gallicanas. Scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus; stant mæsti mus- santque Patres. Quid ita? Adversus Loyolæ gregalem scripsit. Grande sce- lus quod non Tethys eluat omnibus undis. Dum hæc ita palam & publice geruntur, rogant satis multi, an hæc scit amicus noster, qui in Batavia degit? An ejus rebus satis cavent & prospiciunt, qui eum istinc evocant? Quid im- portunis istis monitoribus respondeam? Hoc unum, Dominus providebit; & sane ut apte & cito provideat eum ego supplex oro, teque omni ista anxie- tate ut liberet. Me quod attinet, credas pervelim me adversa tua & prospera plane mea existimare. Si nihil juvo, tenuitas mea in causa est, sed ardenti- bus votis precibusque coelestem Patrem fatigabo, ut adversa minuat, prospera augeat. Aliud etiam te volo. Habeo præ manibus pusillum volumen Epi- stolarum Huberti Langueti popularis tui, quod quanti faciam dicere vix ac ne vix quidem possim. Nemo ita familiariter, ita pure scribit. Quod autem lego, exemplar non est meum: nec apud bibliopolas nostros diligenter quæsi- tum reperiri potuit. A te itaque enixe contendo, ut si istic parabile est, ejus tria quatuorve exemplaria ad deferenda simul cum Ebenbitare, Doctori Elmanno committas. Editus est libellus iste Francofurti in officina Gulielmi Fitzeri Angli Anno 1633. Venio jam ad auream illam tuam Apologiam, qua Epistolam ad Menagium viriliter propugnas. De ea audi judicium meum. Non verebor hujusmodi querimonia ad te porro deferre, adeo gnaviter agis causam tuam. Inauditus, fortean aliquando, certe auditus nunquam da- mnaberis. Ut præcisius de singulis dicam, plane acquiesco postremis duobus Capitibus & absolvi mereris. De priore, quod nempe Tetracham Hero- dem Magnum facit, satis multa & præclara adfers ad elevandam accusatio- nem nostram, non tamen, ut quod sentio eloquar, plene persuades. Quis enim Veterum Magnum Herodem Tetracham vocavit? Quis integrum Iudææ principatum Tetrarchiæ nomine venire dixit? Immo Lucæ Capite- tertio Tetrarchæ nomen aptatur tribus viris, singulas ejus partes vicaria pote- state obtinentibus. Matthæi Cap. XIV. 1. Herodes , cui tum de- num
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EPISTLES. 71 ...but what punishment is assigned to the author of this? No more will he read in the Loyolitic College. Or will he publicly recant such monstrous doctrines? He will read no more. So the whole affair is finished. Now hear Arnauld’s story. He wrote a large book against the Loyolite Anonymous one, approved by fifteen Archbishops and Bishops, by twenty Doctors of Theology, and fortified with the royal seal. Many cities, among them Toulouse and Orléans, raise up that most holy doctrine to heaven. What reward does he receive for this? He is ordered to set out for Rome and to go into exile from his country, though the Pope neither summons him nor makes any complaint against him. Petavius attacks the man bitterly and insultingly; a prince of royal blood comes forward to aid Petavius. Arnauld did not dare to answer the prince; he did dare to answer Petavius; he is not allowed to publish: indeed he is compelled to keep out of sight, lest they drive him unwillingly to Rome with Abbot Boissius and brother Fulgentius, who would miserably perish, against the rights of the realm, the concordats, and the Gallican liberties. The uncertain crowd is split into opposing factions; the Fathers stand sad and muttering. Why so? Because he wrote against a follower of Loyola. A great crime, one that not even Tethys can wash away with all her waves. While these things are thus being done openly and publicly, quite a number ask whether our friend, who is living in Batavia, knows of them? Do those who summon him from there take sufficient care and look out for his affairs? What should I reply to those troublesome advisers? Only this: the Lord will provide; and indeed I pray that He may provide suitably and quickly, and that He may free you from all this anxiety. As for me, I would very much like you to believe that I regard your adversities and prosperities as entirely my own. If I help nothing, my slender means are the reason; but with burning prayers and entreaties I shall weary the heavenly Father, that He may lessen your adversities and increase your prosperities. I want another thing from you as well. I have at hand a little volume of the Epistles of Hubert Languet, your countryman, which I can scarcely, indeed hardly at all, say how highly I value. No one writes so familiarly, so purely. But what I am reading is not my own copy: nor could it be found among our booksellers, though diligently sought. Therefore I earnestly ask you that, if it is obtainable there, you entrust three or four copies of it to be delivered together with Ebenbitare to Doctor Elmann. This little book was published at Frankfurt in the press of William Fitzer, the Englishman, in the year 1633. I now come to that golden Apology of yours, in which you manfully defend the Letter to Ménage. Hear my judgment on it. I shall not hesitate to bring such complaints to you further, since you prosecute your case so vigorously. Unheard, perhaps at some time, certainly heard never will you be condemned. To speak more precisely of each point, I fully assent to the last two chapters, and you deserve to be acquitted. As to the first, namely that it makes Herod the Great a tetrarch, you bring forward quite a number of excellent points for weakening my accusation; yet not so, if I state what I think, as to persuade me fully. For who among the ancients called Herod the Great a tetrarch? Who said that the whole principality of Judaea came under the name of a tetrarchy? Indeed, in chapter 3 of Luke, the name tetrarch is applied to three men who held his several parts by delegated power. In Matthew, chapter XIV, 1, Herod, to whom then at last...
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70 CL. S A R R A V I I a me olim fieri volueras, cum ossilegium mitteres, in quo nihilitidem mutavi. Si quid utrobiq[ue] peccatum, uterque mihi imputate. Tu vero huma- niter, ut soles, rescribe. Ille enim est Cadomensis noster, qui te plurimum colit & amat, quique ob immensam suam eruditionem dignissimis tuis meritis verum pretium ponat. Quandoquidem liber tuus de mutuo satis crassus futurus est, consulo ut alteram partem, quæ istud argumentum præsertim spectabit, Amplissimo Talæo inscribas, quia ita te promisisse audio: alteram vero, quæ diversas juris species explicat, Petro & Jacobo Puteanis fratribus. Hi plus possunt quam tum piosætum quilibet: præsertim qui ætate major est. Nisi enim ille negotium tuum conficiat, vereor ut diu trahatur & nunquam fiat. Nam neminem video, qui ad id strenue sese accingat. Poterunt duo isti libelli simul prodeuntes una compingi, cum siremps sit materia. Veretur He- raldus ne sub calamum tuum cadat. Id si facias, posse remordere missitat, non enim audet palam jactare. Poteris illum aliter perstringere: ut enim id data opera & ex professo agas, nisi forsan ad Arnobium, tanti ille non vi- detur. Præterea hujusmodi scripta adversaria vix ferunt ætatem. Leguntur quamdiu contentionis calor animos excalfacit, quo postea deservescente se- ponuntur. Venio jam ad literastuas, quas non dicam, ut soleo, fuisse mihi tota sua prolixitate gratissimas. Earum sane prima pars de voce Locis in in- scriptione Rhedonensi jucundissima fuit, & quicquid adferri potuit ad eam ex- plicandam, id a te allatum est. Itaque non amplius de ea negotium faces- sam, quin potius gratias debeo & ago summas. Sed quam illa grata, tam sa- ne postrema molesta fuit. Primum mihi de taciturno Menagio fidem non habes, & tamen dicor abs te summe amari. Ergo me mendacem arbitraris, & cum hoc sordido vitio amas? Quasi vero non hoc tota urbe decantetur fu- turum, ut brevi ad nos redeas, ut necesse sit hoc mihi a Menagio in aurem dici? Sed tamen nemo, ut dixi, operi manum gnaviter admovet, quodque omnes velle se profitentur, efficit nullus eorum, qui id facile præstare possunt. Deinde istic tibi vita multis rationibus dura est & acerba. Utinam illam ego emollire & lenire possem! Utinam quas proponis difficultates omnes supera- re meæ esset facultatis. Sed graves illæ sunt? Immo gravissimæ, quia dom- sticæ sunt & perpetuo sese ingerunt. Non abinuo. Sed an hic te a mari libe- rum tranquilla tellus excipiet? Excipiet sane si otiosum, si nihil scribentem habeat. Sed si Loyalitam pulses, vel etiam irruentem repellas, tum væ tibi, Vir summe, qui sacrosanctæ Societati audeas obstrepere. Quid Ærodio, quid Arnaldo acciderit omnes norunt & stupent. Prior ille lectiones repeti- tis vicibus dictavit, bonis omnibus immo & malis execrabilis. Nemo istam doctrinum defendit, ab ipsis etiam Claro: montanis Patribus aperte rejectum & damnatam. Non tamen licet universitati institutam accusationem apud Sena- tum persequi. Typographus, qui libellum supplicem Rectoris excudit, in carcerem conjectus est, in quo satis duriter ante mensem habetur. Non li- cet Senatui de eo negotio cognoscere. Aliunde, inquiunt, Reipublicæ carebi- tur.
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70 CL. SARRAVI II You once wanted me to do the same, when you sent the ossilegium, in which I likewise changed nothing. If anything has been mistaken in either place, lay the blame on both of us. But do answer kindly, as you are wont to do. For the man is our Cadomensis, who greatly esteems and loves you, and who, because of his immense learning, will assign a truly fitting value to your most worthy merits. Since your book on the loan will be rather bulky, I advise that you inscribe the other part, which will especially deal with that subject, to the Most Illustrious Talo, since I hear you have promised as much; but the other part, which explains the different kinds of law, to the brothers Pierre and Jacques Putean. These men can do more than anyone, even tum piosætum anyone else; especially the elder one. For unless that man brings your business to completion, I fear it will be drawn out for a long time and never done. For I see no one who is vigorously setting himself to it. Those two little books, appearing at the same time, could be bound together as one, since the subject matter is the same. Heraldus fears that he may fall beneath your pen. If you do that, he sends word that he can strike back, for he does not dare boast openly. You could touch him in another way: for unless you do so deliberately and expressly, except perhaps with respect to Arnobius, he does not seem to matter so much. Moreover, writings of this kind scarcely outlive the present time. They are read so long as the heat of contention inflames men's minds, but when that later cools, they are set aside. I now come to your letter, which I shall not say, as I usually do, was most welcome to me for all its length. Indeed, the first part of it, on the word Locis in the inscription at Rennes, was most pleasing, and whatever could be brought forward to explain it, you have brought forward. So I shall trouble you no further about that, but rather owe and render you my greatest thanks. But just as that part was pleasant, so the last was surely troublesome. First, you do not trust me regarding taciturn Ménage, and yet I am said to be greatly loved by you. So you think me a liar, and you love me with this base fault? As if it were not being sung throughout the whole city that you will be returning to us soon, so that I must needs hear this in Ménage's ear? But still, as I said, no one is vigorously putting hand to the work, and what all profess themselves willing to do, none of those who could easily perform it actually does. Then, there, life is hard and bitter for you in many respects. Would that I could soften and ease it! Would that it were in my power to overcome all the difficulties you propose. But are they serious? Nay, most serious, because they are domestic and constantly press themselves upon you. I do not deny it. But here, will the tranquil land receive you free from the sea? It surely will, if it has you idle, if it has you writing nothing. But if you strike at Loyalita, or even repulse him as he rushes at you, then woe to you, most excellent sir, who dare to make a disturbance against the sacred Society. What has happened to Arodio, what to Arnaldo, everyone knows and is astonished at. The former repeatedly delivered his lectures, abominable to all good men and indeed to the bad as well. No one defends that teaching; it has been openly rejected and condemned even by the clerics of Clermont. Yet the university is not allowed to pursue the accusation it has instituted before the Senate. The printer who published the rector's supplicant petition has been thrown into prison, where he has been kept rather harshly for a month now. The Senate is not allowed to take cognizance of that business. Otherwise, they say, the commonwealth will be deprived of it.
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EPISTOLÆ. 71 tur. Sed quæ poena statuitur in auctorem hujus . Amplius non leget in Collegio Loyolytico. An publice recantabit tam dira dogmata? Non leget amplius. Ita confectum est omne hoc negotium. Audi jam Arnaldi historiam. Librum ille grandem scripsit adversus Anonymum Loyo- litam ab Archiepiscopis, Episcopisque quindecim, Theologiæ Doctoribus viginti probatum & figillo regio munitum. Civitates multæ, has inter Tolosa, Aurelia, Sanctissimam doctrinam in coelum evchunt. Quo præmio ille afficitur? Iubetur Romam proficisci patriaque exulare, Pontifice cum non citante, nec de eo quidquam expostulante. Petavius hominem acerbe & injuriose impetit, Princeps e stirpe regia Petavio auxiliaris accedit. Non ausus est Arnaldus Principi, ausus est Petavio replicare; edere non licet: immo delitescere cogitur, ne invitum Romam pellant cum Abbate Boissio & fratre Fulgentio misere periturum, contra regni jura, concordata & libertates Gallicanas. Scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus; stant masti mussantque Patres. Quid ita? Adversus Loyolæ gregalem scripsit. Grande scelus quod non Tethys eluat omnibus undis. Dum hæc ita palam & publice geruntur, rogant satis multi, an hæc scit amicus noster, qui in Batavia degit? An ejus rebus satis cavent & prospiciunt, qui eum istinc evocant? Quid importunis istis monitoribus respondeam? Hoc unum, Dominus providebit; & sane ut apte & cito provideat cum ego supplex oro, teque omni ista anxietate ut liberet. Me quod attinet, credas pervelim me adversa tua & prospera plane mea existimare. Si nihil juvo, tenuitas mea in causa est, sed ardentibus votis precibusque coelestem Patrem fatigabo, ut adversa minuat, prospera augeat. Aliud etiam te volo. Habeo præ manibus pusillum volumen Epistolarum Huberti Langueti popularis tui, quod quanti faciam dicere vix ac ne vix quidem possim. Nemo ita familiariter, ita pure scribit. Quod autem lego, exemplar non est meum: nec apud bibliopolas nostros diligenter quæsitum reperiri potuit. A te itaque enixe contendo, ut si istic parabile est, ejus tria quatuorve exemplaria ad deferenda simul cum Ebenbitare, Doctori Elmanno committas. Editus est libellus iste Francofurti in officina Gulielmi Fitzeri Angli Anno 1633. Venio jam ad auream illam tuam Apologiam, qua Epistolam ad Menagium viriliter propugnas. De ea audi judicium meum. Non verebor hujusmodi querimonia ad te porro deferre, adeo gnaviter agis causam tuam. Inauditus, fortean aliquando, certe auditus nunquam damnaberis. Ut præcisius de singulis dicam, plane acquiesco postremis duobus Capitibus & absolvi mereris. De priore, quod nempe Tetrarcham Herodem Magnum facit, satis multa & præclara adfers ad elevandam accusationem nostram, non tamen, ut quod sentio eloquar, plene persuades. Quis enim Veterum Magnum Herodem Tetrarcham vocavit? Quis integrum Iudææ principatum Tetrarchiæ nomine venire dixit? Immo Lucæ Capite tertio Tetrarchæ nomen aptatur tribus viris, singulas ejus partes vicaria estate obtinentibus. Matthæi Cap. XIV. 1. Herodes [etc] , cui tum de- mum
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EPISTLES. 71 ... But what punishment is laid down for the author of this? No more will he lecture in the Loyolitic College. Will he publicly recant such dreadful doctrines? He will lecture no more. So this whole business is finished. Listen now to the history of Arnauld. That man wrote a large book against the Anonymous Loyolitic, approved by fifteen Archbishops and Bishops, and by twenty Doctors of Theology, and fortified with the royal seal. Many cities, among them Toulouse and Orléans, extol that most holy doctrine to the skies. What reward is he given? He is ordered to go to Rome and to be exiled from his native land, the Pope not even summoning him, nor making any complaint against him. Petavius attacks the man bitterly and insultingly; a prince of royal blood comes forward to assist Petavius. Arnauld did not dare to reply to the prince, but he did dare to reply to Petavius; he is not allowed to publish: indeed he is forced to keep hidden, lest they drive him unwillingly to Rome, together with Abbé Boissis and Brother Fulgentius, to perish miserably, in violation of the laws of the realm, the concordats, and the Gallican liberties. The uncertain crowd is split into opposing factions; the Fathers stand by and mutter. Why so? Because he wrote against Loyola’s follower. A great crime, which Tethys herself would not wash away with all her waves. While these things are thus being done openly and publicly, quite a number ask whether our friend, who is living in Batavia, knows of these matters? Do those who summon him from there take sufficient care and make enough provision for his affairs? What shall I answer these troublesome advisers? Only this: the Lord will provide; and indeed, as I pray that He may provide suitably and quickly, I ask that He free you from all this anxiety. As far as I am concerned, I would very much like you to believe that I regard your hardships and your prosperity as entirely my own. If I am of no help, it is because of my small means; but with burning wishes and prayers I shall weary the heavenly Father, that He may lessen your adversities and increase your prosperity. I have another request as well. I have at hand a little volume of the Letters of Hubert Languet, your countryman, of which I can hardly say, and scarcely even scarcely say enough, how highly I value it. No one writes with such familiarity, such purity. But what I am reading is not my own copy: nor could it be found despite a careful search among our booksellers. I therefore urgently ask you, if it is available there, to entrust three or four copies of it to Doctor Elmann, to be brought along together with Ebenbitare. That little book was published at Frankfurt in the shop of the Englishman William Fitzer, in the year 1633. I now come to that golden Apology of yours, in which you manfully defend the letter to Ménage. Hear my judgment on it. I shall not fear to continue to bring such complaints to you, since you are prosecuting your cause so vigorously. Unheard, perhaps at some time, certainly heard never, you will not be condemned. To speak more precisely about the individual points, I fully assent to the last two chapters, and you deserve to be acquitted. On the first point, namely that you make Herod the Great a Tetrarch, you bring forward quite a number of excellent arguments to weaken our accusation, but nevertheless, to speak frankly what I think, you do not fully persuade me. For which of the ancients called Herod the Great a Tetrarch? Who said that the whole principality of Judaea came under the name of a tetrarchy? Indeed, in Luke chapter three, the title of tetrarch is applied to three men, each holding one of its parts by delegated authority. Matthew 14:1. Herod [etc.], to whom then at last
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CL. S A R R A V I I mum ex fama Iesus est cognitus, & Lucæ III. 19. & IX. 7. Actorum XIII. I. plane alius est a Magno. Frustra autem isto additamento notaretur, si o[mn]ia ita etiam appellatus fuisset, potuissetve eo nomine appellari. Quis etiam hunc postremum πιεράξην unquam nominavit? βασιλια vocatum bis reperio Marci VI. 14. & Actorum XII. I. quod fuisse adulatorium volunt interpretes nostri, & facile assentior, cum nihil minus esset ille quam Rex. Et reperiri fortean possent in N. T. aliquot loci, in quibus vox βασιλευς non absolute ponatur pro summo aliquo imperio, sed tantum pro magna aliqua potestate, licet non suprema. Sed ne literarum mearum solitum modulum transgrediar, finio, ubi tibi tuæque a me meaque valedixero. Vale tu præsertim & me ama. Sæpius oblitus sum, & pæne obliviscebar; fasciculo, quem traditurus es nepoti Spanhemii, adde quæso aliquot effigies tuas ex prototypo Mariano. Vale. Lut. Par. IX. Aprilis cie 13c XLIV. EPISTOLA LXXII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Ioanni Georgio Richtero. Novibergam. U Nas tuas Lugduni III. C. Majiscriptas accepi: de prioribus enim, quas ad me Biturigibus dedisse te ais, omnino nihil intellexi. Curavi ad amicissimum Gronovium, quas ad eum a me mitti voluisti: eique gratias egi maximas, quod se auctore tibi tanto Musarum delicio, Charitum animulo, literarumque ornamento innotuissem. Verum dico, Mi Richtere, ægre fero te a nobis tam cito divulsum: a me inquam, cui vix licuit significare tibi quanti te facerem, cum in te vellem toto affectus effundere. Nec enim cum a me discessisti unquam existimavi fore, ut huc non redires. Habeo sane de quo hac in re silentium tuum accusem: alias enim tota mente, toto animo te essem intuitus, meque quod officia mea tibi defuissent excusavissem, eslemque deprecatus. Quod itaque tum non licuit jamperago, summæ spei Adolescens, meque credas pervelim summo tui desiderio teneri. Possem utinam animi mei sensa penitissima tibi reserare: in eo quippe videres oris tui venustam liberalitatem, suavissimos mores tuos, & exquisitissimam eruditionem tuam, me impense colere & amare. Tu quoque me vicissim ama: & quid tibi tuisque gratum præstare possim, dic & factum puta. Vale. Lut. Paris. Prid. Idus Majas. c13 13c XLIV. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVII known from fame, Jesus is referred to in Luke III. 19 and IX. 7, Acts XIII. I. is plainly different from the Great. But that addition would have been made in vain, if in all things he had also been called that, or could have been called by that name. Who ever even called this latter one πιεράξην? I find him twice called βασιλεία, in Mark VI. 14 and Acts XII. 1, which our interpreters say was honorific, and I readily agree, since he was as far from being a king as could be. And perhaps some places could be found in the New Testament, in which the word βασιλευς is not used absolutely for some supreme power, but only for some great power, though not the highest. But lest I depart from the usual measure of my letters, I finish where I shall have bid farewell to you and to yours from me and mine. Farewell, especially you, and love me. I have often forgotten, and was nearly forgetting; add, I beg you, to the packet which you are to hand over to Spanheim's grandson, some portraits of you from the Marian prototype. Farewell. Paris, April 9, 1644. EPISTOLA LXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Johann Georg Richter. Nuremberg. I have received your letter, written at Lyons on the third of May; for as to the earlier one, which you say you sent me from Bourges, I understood nothing at all. I took care to forward to my dearest Gronovius what you wished me to send him; and I thanked him most warmly, because, through his recommendation, I had become known to you, so great a delight of the Muses, a little Charite, and an ornament of learning. But I tell you truly, my dear Richter, I am deeply distressed that you have been so quickly separated from us: from me, I mean, who could scarcely let you know how highly I valued you, when I wished to pour out all my feelings toward you. For indeed, when you departed from me, I never supposed it would happen that you would not return here. Certainly I have reason to complain of your silence in this matter; otherwise I should have regarded you with my whole mind, with my whole soul, and should have excused myself for any failure of duty on my part toward you, and should have begged your pardon. What then I could not do at that time, I now do, most promising young man, and I very much wish you to believe that I am held by the greatest longing for you. Would that I could unveil to you the most intimate feelings of my heart: in them you would see the graceful generosity of your countenance, your sweetest manners, and your most refined learning, which I highly esteem and love. You also, in turn, love me; and whatever I can do that may be pleasing to you and yours, say it, and consider it done. Farewell. Paris, the day before the Ides of May, 1644. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 73 EPISTOLA LXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Leydam. Mea interest pristinam tuam diligentiam ne deseras. Si brevior fuisti, quia non suppetebat argumentum prolixioris scriptionis, idque a me ex- pectas, facile mihi erit variis quæstionibus te fatigare, & ad veterem consvetudi- nem retrahere. Vis experiri? non recedam a more meo te interpellandi de iis, quæ aliunde non possum discere. In Aurelii Victoris Schotti Epitome, quam ex notis tuis ad Historiam Augustam video tibi olim ita tritam, ut ejus editionem tunc pollicereris, Constantinus Magnus Imperator proverbiali locutione Tra- chala vocatur. Trachala decem annis præstantissimus, duodecim sequentibus Latro, decem novissimis Pupillus ob profusiones immodicas nominatus. Quid istud verbi est? Aliquid næquum vel næquum denotare videtur; quod si placet & vacat, mihi ut explices rogo quæsoque. Quod nuper omisi, cum mihi plus satis occupato non liceret ascendere in Bibliothecam Regiam, ut in- spicerem, sicut jusseras, codicem manuscriptum vulgatæ Bibliorum versio- nis: delegavi istud munus Bullialdo talium peritissimo. Retulit in vetustiss- imo illo Caroli Calvi exemplari omnino legi in illo loco Ieremiæ, quemadmo- dum in vulgatis; & super omnes, qui attonsi sunt in comam. Itidem habetur in meo antiquissimo in comam & capite xxv. in chomam, quod non dubito esse exscriptoris peccatum. Nullum proinde hinc conjecturæ tuæ subsidium, quod tamen in versione Græca præsens & satis firmum videtur. In manuscriptis in Concilii Florentini, quæ penes me sunt, nihil legisse memini de tonsura presbyterorum & Monachorum: diligentius tamen inspiciam, & si quid reperero statim mittam. Curabo tuam ad Bochartum & Richterum. Pridem ad umbilicum perducta sunt tria Legati Gothorum volumina in vetus testamentum. Hemeræus Doctor & Bibliothecarius Sorbonicus tum emen- dationi operarum præfuit, tum sedulo inquisivit in dogmata, ne quid secius & Romanensi factioni contrarium irreperet. Quid ergo gaudia nostra moratur? Cancellarius dare recusat Cramoysio typographo privilegium. Non est, in- quit, consecraneus noster: qui non colligit nobiscum, spargit. Quam belle procedit auctori ista sua nunquam : scilicet summo jure cum Roma & de- cretoriis armis agere tutius est; Aversatur illa, quæ videt sibi blandiri, & fortiter irruentes formidat. Nos valemus, vos quoque valete. Lutetiæ Parisior. VIII. Maji. CIC IXC XLIV. Summo desiderio tenetur Gronovius videndi Epistolam ad Menagium. Si non licet per pacta conventa, ut eam a te habeat, monitus curabo ut voti com- pos fiat. Incipit vænalis esse secundus Arnaldi liber contra Petavium. Si in cosis, ut scribas de Pænitentia Veteris Ecclesiæ, suadeo ut eum prius inspicias, quam de ea aliquid edas, & curabo ut ad te prima quaque occasione deferatur. K EPI-
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LETTERS. 73 LETTER LXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leyden. It is in my interest that you do not abandon your former diligence. If you have been shorter, because there was no material for a longer letter, and you expect that from me, it will be easy for me to tire you with various questions, and to draw you back to your old habit. Do you want to try it? I shall not depart from my custom of troubling you about matters which I cannot learn from elsewhere. In the Epitome of Aurelius Victor by Schott, which I see from your notes on the Historia Augusta had once been so worn by you that you were then promising its edition, the Emperor Constantine the Great is called, by a proverbial expression, Trachala. Trachala, for ten years most excellent; for the next twelve, Latro; and for the last ten, Pupillus, so named on account of excessive expenditures. What sort of word is that? It seems to denote something wicked or wicked ; and if you please and have time, I ask and beg you to explain it to me. What I recently omitted, when, being more than sufficiently occupied, I was not allowed to go up to the Royal Library to inspect, as you had ordered, the manuscript codex of the vulgate version of the Bible: I entrusted that task to Bullialdus, a most expert man in such matters. He reported that in that very ancient copy of Charles the Bald the passage in Jeremiah is read exactly as in the printed editions: & above all those who are shorn in hair. Likewise it is found in my very old copy, in comam and capite, chapter xxv., in chomam, which I do not doubt is the scribe’s error. There is therefore no support here for your conjecture, although in the Greek version it seems present and quite sound. In the manuscripts of the Council of Florence, which are in my possession, I do not remember having read anything about the tonsure of priests and monks; I shall nevertheless examine them more carefully, and if I find anything I shall send it at once. I shall attend to your letter to Bochart and Richter. Long ago the three volumes of the Goths’ envoy on the Old Testament were brought to completion. Hemeræus, Doctor and Sorbonne librarian, both supervised the correction of the proofs and diligently investigated the doctrines, so that nothing contrary to the Roman party might slip in. Why then is our pleasure delayed? The Chancellor refuses to grant the printer Cramoisy a privilege. “He is not,” he says, “our fellow devotee: he who does not gather with us, scatters.” How well that furtherance of the author’s own never proceeds! Of course it is by the highest right that it is safer to deal with Rome and with decretal weapons; it turns away from those who seem to flatter it, and fears those who attack boldly. We are well; fare you well too. Paris, 8 May, 1644. Gronovius is most eagerly desirous of seeing the letter to Menagius. If, under the terms of the agreement, he may not have it from you, I shall take care, by warning him, that his wish is fulfilled. The second book of Arnauld against Petavius is beginning to be sold. If, as you write about the Penance of the Ancient Church, I advise that you first inspect it before publishing anything about it, and I shall take care that it be brought to you on the first convenient occasion. K EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. A Derat mihi nudiusquartus Iustellus noster, quocum de rebus tuis placidissi- me colloquutus sum: facile consensumus non ferre rationes tuas, ut istic amplius moreris cum honorario solito. Et ille præ se fert, modo tibi non de- sis, fore ut ad nutum tuum augeatur. Quod autem a te requirit, vide quo- modo præstare velis: nam ut possis, in promptu est tibi. Nempe ut aliquid Curatoribus & Principi inscribas. Prioribus debes Primatum illum tuum, & in fronte omnes compellandi sunt. Quos malis habere patronos in tam delicata controversia non video. Posteriori autem Militia tua dudum est destinata. Sed nondum, inquies, effectum est opus Gallicum, quod ei pro- misi. Facile feret istam moram Princeps Pater, si interea quem habes Latinum librum confectum, Filio dedices. Quod ut facias, & statim facias consilium meum est. Nec te ab eo deterreat, quod eum mihi pollicitus sis. Libentissi- me enim omni meo, si quod tamen est, jure, in tui gratiam cedo: & si necessè est, abunde suppetet aliunde tibi, quo immerentem me tali gloria possis ornare. Trimestri spatio potes ista omnia conficere; adeo ut simul semelque quatuor tua opera prodire possint Gulielmo Principi, Curatoribus Leydenibus, Au- domaro Talæo & Puteanis fratribus dicata, ut certatim allaborent omnes te quibuscunque officiis suis promereri. Hæc est mea sententia, quam si tibi pro- bari intellexero, tum me optimum fuisse consultorem gloriabor. Nec video quid opponere possis. Sive enim isthic porro degas, sive inde exeas , Primatus tuus excludendus est foras & eliminandus. Si tantum hominibus nostris libros dedices, merito queritaburitur Batavi, se a te susque deque haberi, qui totum decennium a te neglecti sunt. Possem plura hac de re, quam malo privatim tibi examinandam relinquere, ut solus quid melius fuerit decernas. Noli credere hæc omnia me inter & Iustellum ita esse discussa & penetrata: in limine hæsumus. Itaque tota res est arbitrii tui, quam uni tibi hodie propo- no, & meæ sententiæ lat scio accedes. Vide quam confidenter. Certe quid- quid prætexueris in contrarium, non admittere certum est. Certissima est tua emendatio in loco Chrysostomi, qui jam optime intelligitur, levicula illa mutatione, quam fecisti ex auctoritate optimi Glossarii, a te itidem emendati. Nihil magis apposite dici potuit, ad sanctissimi Patris mentem. Tuus itaque victor , cui cedat alter . Ago gratias, quod me hoc in- ter insinita alia docueris. De Tetrarchis, quam habes paratam, Diatribam quid publicare vetat? Tua ista omnia, quæ ad scripturæ sacræ illustrationem quomodocumque spectant, semper pronis animis accipientur. Quod cum dico lau- do digressionem tuam epistolicam, quam scribere te audio De com[enius] Prohetizan- tium. In eo Apostoli loco plurima sunt, quæ accuratum examen requirant: cum
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. Four days ago our Iustellus brought me a letter, with whom I conversed most peacefully about your affairs: we easily agreed not to accept your terms, so that you may stay there longer with the usual salary. And he plainly holds out that, provided you do not fail him, it will be increased at your discretion. But as for what he requires of you, see how you wish to satisfy it: for the means are ready to hand for you to do so. Namely, that you should inscribe something to the Curators and to the Prince. You owe the former that Primacy of yours, and at the outset all must be addressed. I do not see whom you would rather have as patrons in such a delicate controversy. But the latter has long since had your Military service assigned to him. Yet, you will say, the French work which I promised him has not yet been completed. The Prince Father will easily endure that delay, if in the meantime you dedicate to his Son whatever Latin book you have finished. My advice is that you do this, and do it at once. Nor should you be deterred by the fact that you have promised it to me. For most gladly, by every right that is mine, if indeed I have any, I yield it in your favor; and if necessary, there will be more than enough from elsewhere for you, whereby you may adorn me undeserving with such glory. In the space of three months you can bring all these things to completion; so that at one and the same time four of your works may appear, dedicated to Prince William, the Curators of Leiden, Audomarus Talaeus, and the brothers Puteani, that they may all vie with one another to win you by every service of theirs. This is my opinion, and if I understand that it pleases you, then I shall boast that I was the best of counselors. Nor do I see what you could object. For whether you continue to dwell there or depart from there, your Primacy must be shut out and eliminated. If you dedicate books only to our people, the Dutch will rightly complain that they are held by you in utter disregard, since for a whole decade they have been neglected by you. I could say more on this matter, which I prefer to leave for you to examine privately, so that you alone may decide what would be best. Do not believe that all these matters have been so discussed and penetrated between me and Iustellus: we have only reached the threshold. Thus the whole affair is at your discretion, which I now propose to you alone, and I know that you will come over to my opinion. See how confidently I say this. Certainly whatever pretext you may put forward to the contrary, it is certain not to be admitted. Your correction in the place of Chrysostom is most certain, which is now understood best of all, by that slight change which you made on the authority of the excellent Glossary, which you likewise corrected. Nothing more apt could have been said, according to the mind of the most holy Father. Yours therefore is the victory, to which the other must yield. I give thanks that you have taught me this among countless other things. As for the Diatribe on the Tetrarchs, which you have ready, what prevents its publication? All these things of yours, which in any way tend toward the illustration of Sacred Scripture, will always be received with favorable minds. And when I say this, I praise your epistolary digression, which I hear you are writing On the com[enius] Prohetizan- tium. In that place of the Apostle there are many things that require careful examination: when
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EPISTOLÆ. 75 cum praxi præsertim Romanensium & nostra quoque comparata. In verbo ichroiar multa est difficultas. Habeo penes me manuscriptum codicem La- tinum satis antiquum, in quo nitidissime habetur pro eo verbo velamen, quod in suis etiam vidisse se testatur venerabilis Beza. Iacobus Gothofredus non ita pridem emendavit ichroiar, quod Latinarum vocum censum augeat, ut sit exuviam. Satis acute; non enim vere dicere ausim. Credo dici posse in gratiam istius conjecturæ, pellem, quæ animalis indvua fuerit, posse etiam tegmen & velamen humani capitis esse. Virgil. Æneid. IX. Dat Nifo Mne- stheus pellem horrendisque leonis Exuvias. Nunquid ut illis se induceret, sicut vulgo pingitur Hercules leonis exuvias caput corpusque totum circumamictus? Idem. lib. I I. Quantum mutatus ab illo Hector, Qui redit exuvias indutus Achillei. Sed & adductus a te Accii Locus idem revincit. De Ebenbitare to sæpius, de Demiro, quem ne de nomine quidem cognoscebam, nunquam interpellavi. Ubi postremum hunc reddiderit, poteris priorem mittere. In fasciculo, in quo extabat tuus Dioscorides, quære sedulo & invenies quoque Heraldi res judicatas. Scio enim, & certo scio me eas tractasse, cum de binis, ut dixi, unum feci. Vel aliquis librum subduxerit. Quod vix adducor, ut suspicer, cum is tantum, nullusque præterea desideretur. Epistolæ ad Me- nagium exemplaria mittam prima quaque occasione. Quæ in Arcudio repperi, habes in adjuncta Schedula. In Commentariis de Florentino Consilio nihil inveni. De Clericorum & Monachorum tonsura fuse, ut solet, Baronius differit ad A. CH. LVIII. Si ea omnia examinanda tibi sumas, prolixioris Distribæ argumentum & materiam suggerent. Mihi simile vero videtur morem istum a servis manasse, qui etiam nunc in triremibus nostris raso capite conspiciuntur, nisi quod capillorum pauxillulum iis in summo vertice relinquitur: vel ut cum Tertulliano dicam, in Pallio tuo, cultri vertex solus immunis. Aristophanes in Avibus. ἀυλος ὑπο νόμον ἰχεις; ubi Scholiastes, ἐν δὲ τὰν ἐλευθικὸν πὸ νομᾶν: quod & ibi ex Homero probat Bisetus. Vale. Lut. Paris. Pridie Pentecostes. CIC. IBC XLIV. EPISTOLA LXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. χ Ρήματα χρεωσῶν λινι. Ταῦτα ἰατὶ καταβάθω, ἐ δύνανται ἐν παῖνειν ἐνινοι ἐν παῖνειοι: ἀμὲ ἀμὲ ἐμὲ μὲν ἀνεχώρησιν, ἐμειω δὲ ἐργομετὴν ἐν ἐμεων. Verba sunt τὴ χρεωτικὴμον ὑ Homilia sexta de Poënitentia Tomo VI. Saviliano pag. 793. ex quibus viderit Alexius, an ex sanctissimi viri sententia, rectè concludat Mutuum non esse alienationem. Certe nisi secunda de eo argumento Diatriba plane perfecta sit, non erit inutilis hujus loci explanatio. Hæc de priori tuo Opusculo. De secundo aliquid ut dicam. Percurrebam heri Salviani Massiliensis Presbyteri editionem Rittershusii secundam, qui ad hæc K 2 aucto-
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EPISTLES. 75 compared especially with the practice of the Romans and also our own. In the word ichroiar there is much difficulty. I have in my possession a fairly ancient manuscript codex in Latin, in which there is very neatly given in place of that word velamen, which even Beza testifies that he had seen in his own copies. Jacobus Gothofredus not long ago emended ichroiar, which increases the stock of Latin words, so that it is exuviam. A rather sharp point; for I would not dare say truly. I think it can be said, in favor of that conjecture, that the skin which has been the covering of an animal can also be a covering and veil of a human head. Virgil, Aeneid IX: he gives to Nifo Mnestheus a hide and the spoils of the dreadful lion. Was it so that he might put them on, as Hercules is commonly painted, wrapped all around head and body in the lion’s spoils? Likewise, book II: “How changed from that Hector, who returns clothed in the spoils of Achilles.” But the passage from Accius cited by you also refutes the same point. About Ebenbitare I have often spoken; about Demiro, whom I did not even know by name, I never raised any objection. When you have at last given an answer to this one, you can send the former. In the packet in which your Dioscorides was contained, search diligently and you will also find Heraldis’s decisions. For I know, and know for certain, that I handled them when, as I said, of the two copies I made one. Or someone may have removed the book. Yet I can hardly be brought to suspect this, since only that one is missing, and no other besides. I shall send copies of the letters to Menagius at the first opportunity. What I found in Arcudius you have in the attached note. In the Commentaries on the Florentine Council I found nothing. On the tonsure of clerics and monks Baronius, as usual, treats at length, under A.D. 58. If you take all these things upon yourself to examine, they will furnish the argument and material for a rather lengthy discussion. To me the custom seems to have come from slaves, who are even now seen in our galleys with their heads shaved, except that a little hair is left them on the crown of the head; or, to say it with Tertullian, “in your cloak, the top of the head alone is exempt from the knife.” Aristophanes in the Birds: ἀυλος ὑπο νόμον ἰχεις; where the scholiast has, ἐν δὲ τὰν ἐλευθικὸν πὸ νομᾶν: which Bisetus also proves there from Homer. Farewell. Paris, the day before Pentecost. 1644. EPISTLE LXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Leiden. χ Ρήματα χρεωσῶν λινι. Ταῦτα ἰατὶ καταβάθω, ἐ δύνανται ἐν παῖνειν ἐνινοι ἐν παῖνειοι: ἀμὲ ἀμὲ ἐμὲ μὲν ἀνεχώρησιν, ἐμειω δὲ ἐργομετὴν ἐν ἐμεων. These are the words from the sixth Homily on Repentance in volume VI of Savile, p. 793, from which Alexius will see whether, according to the judgment of the most holy man, he rightly concludes that a loan is not an alienation. Certainly, unless the second Diatribe on that subject is completely finished, the explanation of this passage will not be useless. Thus much about your earlier little work. About the second, let me say something. Yesterday I was going through the second edition of Salvianus of Marseilles by Rittershusius, who to these things K 2 aucto-
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76 CL. S A R R A V I I auctoris sui verba lib. VIII. De Gubernatione D. recisis comarum fluentium jubis ad cutem tonsum videre, nonnulla habet pag. 592. quæ accuratum examen inerentur. Notat enim Tonsuram clericalem tanto in pretio, etiam olim, habitam, ut inde corona etiam dicta sit Episcopalis dignitas, καὶ ἰκοχην. Quod satis quoque probare videntur talium callentissimi Savaro & Sirmondus ad Sidonii sui epist. 3. lib. VI. & epist. 8. lib. IX. At ego existimaverim coronam tribui Episcopis, ut monarchia Leontio Arlatensi Episcopo tribuitur ab Hilario Papa epistola 3. Tomo III. Concil. Gall. Sirmondi pag. 128. Locum non adscribam vitandæ prolixitatis gratia & satis sit indicasse. Nec o[mn]i[n]ittenda tibi Papalithra in fictitia donatione Constantini ad Silvestrum memorata, & a Balsamone explicata ad Nomocanonis Tit. VIII. c. I. adcan. Trull. XXI. De Coma & Tonsura clericorum habet nonnulla idem Sirmondus ad Sidonium commentarii sui pag. 86. & 87. Ut & Laurentius Bochellus in Decretis Ecclesiæ Gallicanæ lib. 3. tit. 2. pag. 387. & pag. 992. Sine tutuphis congruentem deferentes tonsuram incedant psalmodiantes & pag. 995. qui cucupapham deferent in capite. Vide totum titulum XIII. lib. VI. de vita & Honestate Clericorum: & præsertim hunc ipsum Bochellum in opere Gallico Somme Beneficiale, in verbo Tonsure pag. 1166. & seqq. Ut & velstratem Florentem in Dissertationibus Selectis Iuris Canonici. Sed hæc hactenus. Post Romanensium Comam etiam captat attingere conveniet, hoc est Primatum tuum absolvere: alias jocarentur Pontificii minatum te ipsis καργωναι, solos capillos vellicasse. Sed & si duriter nimis clericalem istam comam vellas, nescio an consultum sit librum vicinis meis dedicare. Quamvis enim, ut viros sapientes, decet, omnes istas minutias parum curent, nolunt tamen videri, publice præsertim, eas despexisse. Quod dispicere te sedulo velim. Sane, de consilio tuo, nihil illis patefeci. Si uno & altero tantum loco calamus tuus esserbuit, mallem aliquid, rebus adhuc integris, te mutare, quam isto calore tibi ipsisque gratis nocere. Douchantius ὑχιλιαεχχο brevi istuc profecturus ad te deferet duodecim exempla epistolæ ad Menagium cum libro secundo Arnaldi, quem dicunt, fcrementibus licet Loyolitis, Romæ a sancto, quod vocant officio, ita probatum, ut eum Barberinus {Eminentissimus nepos jusserit in Linguam} Italicam verti, ne scilicet sanctissimæ doctrinæ solis Gallis paterent arcana. Vale tu cum tua a me meaque. Auvræi adversum prædestinatum Sirmondianum opusculum Gallicum vix mittam: nullibi enim prostat vænale, nec auctor sciri vult. Vale plurimum Lut. Paris. XXI. Maji. c13 dec XLIV. EPI-
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76 CL. S A R R A V I I from his own author’s words, book VIII, De Gubernatione D. , with the flowing mane of hair cut back to the skin, has certain things on page 592 that deserve careful examination. For he notes that clerical tonsure was held in such esteem, even in earlier times, that episcopal dignity was also called a crown, and καὶ ἰκοχην . This is also sufficiently shown, it seems, by those most expert in such matters, Savaro and Sirmond, in their notes on Sidonius, epist. 3 of book VI and epist. 8 of book IX. But I would think that the crown is attributed to bishops, just as monarchy is attributed to Leontius, bishop of Arles, by Pope Hilary in epistle 3, Tome III of the Councils of Gaul, Sirmond’s edition, p. 128. I shall not quote the passage, to avoid prolixity; it is enough to have indicated it. Nor must you neglect the Papalithra mentioned in the fictitious Donation of Constantine to Sylvester, and explained by Balsamon in the Nomocanon, Tit. VIII, c. I, ad can. Trull. XXI. On the hair and tonsure of clerics the same Sirmond has certain remarks in his commentary on Sidonius, pp. 86 and 87; as also Laurentius Bochellus in the Decreta Ecclesiae Gallicanae , book 3, title 2, p. 387, and p. 992: “Let them walk in the appropriate tonsure, singing psalms,” and p. 995, “those who wear the cucupapha on their head.” See the whole of title XIII, book VI, de vita & honestate clericorum ; and especially this same Bochellus in the French work Somme Beneficiale , under the word Tonsure , p. 1166 and following. Also Velstrat Florent in the Select Dissertations on Canon Law . But enough of this. After the Romanensians, it will also be fitting to touch on the hair, that is, to finish off your primacy; otherwise the Papists would make sport of you, as though you had threatened them with καργωναι , and merely plucked a few hairs. And if you pull too harshly at that clerical hair, I do not know whether it would be prudent to dedicate the book to my neighbors. For although, as befits wise men, they care little for all these trifles, they still do not wish to seem, especially in public, to have despised them. I very much want you to consider this carefully. Indeed, on your advice, I have revealed nothing to them. If your pen has only boiled over in one or two places, I would rather have you alter something while matters are still intact, than hurt both yourself and them for nothing with that heat. Douchantius, ὑχιλιαεχχο , will soon set out for there and will bring you twelve copies of the letter to Ménage, together with the second book of Arnauld, which, they say, with the Jesuitic fomenters, has been approved at Rome by the holy office, so that Barberinus—his Eminence the nephew ordered it—should have it translated into Italian, lest the secrets of the most holy doctrine should be open only to the French. Farewell, you, with yours, from me and mine. I shall scarcely send the Gallic pamphlet against Sirmond’s predetermined work: nowhere is it offered for sale, and the author does not wish to be known. Many farewells. Paris, 21 May, 16—. XLIV. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 77 EPISTOLA LXXVII. CL. SARRAVINS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Bataverum. Σχολασινός καὶ Φαλαιρὸς καὶ κυρενς συνοδευοντες συνέζεντο πεθο περσαρας ωρας Βιρλασία Σκαχεν δὲ τῶν κυρεῖ. Ο ἐ μετεωριζόμενον πον σκολασινὸν πημώμενον εξυρεσεν καὶ τῶν ωρῶν όληρων Ιεισων δύσπησεν. Ο δε κηδεμμένον πῶν περφαλήν ὑπὸ τῶν ὑπιν καὶ ἐνων τῶν Φιλην ἐφη μέχα καθαρμα, ἐν τῶν ἰεροκλεων συντηματὸς ούσπερ ἐντύχων πε σωφρόνως μεθίασει. Hæc habentur in tmemate XXI I. In nullo præterea verbum όληρωσαι, ullumve ejus verbale reperitur. Vapulet itaque quando ita lubet [νομος]. Sed an nomen appones? ille saltem tuo pepercit. Non ausus nuper responsare de Tetrarchis, jam audebo te contra stare, & omnia tua argumenta uno fere verbo elevare. Habeo nempe auctorem tibi opponendum omni exceptione majorem, summum virum, sæculi nostri verum & solum decus, ἐπιστολοι καὶ ἔσι, quemque invita usque fatebitur invidia omnibus numeris incomparabilem. Nec ubi ejus cognoveris nomen, vanum me dixeris, & faxo statim ut rescilcas. Ante tamen volo ejus rationes ,, audias, quas melius non possum, quam ipsissimiscjus verbis expedire. Quod ,, ad Tetrarchiæ nomen attinet, fallitur, si quis putat Tetrarchiam esse quatuor provinciarum, aut oppidorum principatum. Ut ex Plinio constat, vel singulæ urbes in Phænice ac Syria fuere Tetrarchiæ: proprie tamen ea voxsi- ,, gnificavit quaternorum simul in una eademque provincia vel gente principatum. Cum regio aliqua vel natio a quatuor viris regitur, singuli dicuntur Tetrarchæ, & singulorum administratio Tetrarchia. Sic Tetrarchæ ,, sunt Triumviri. Hujusmodi Tetrarchas habuit Galatarum natio, qui in ,, Asia sedes posuere. Universa gens in tres populos fuit divisa, moribus, ,, institutis, & lingua similes. Singuli porro populi in quatuor partes distributi, quarum unaquæque proprium habuit πεθάρχην. Inde igitur Tetrarchæ dicti, quod quatuor essent in unaquaque gente. Vide Strabonem ,, lib. XII. Singulæ etiam μερίδες δικτα πεθαρχια Isidorus: Tetrarchæ sunt ,, quartam regni partem tenentes: nam πεπλαρες quatuor sunt, qualis fuit apud Iudæam Philippus. Quatuor certe hæredes universæ dominationis, quam obtinebat, instituit Herodes Magnus, quorum unus Ἐθναρχης & ἑασιλευς ,, dictus . . . . . . . . reliquit, duo Tetrarchæ, quarta, quæ soror fuit, ,, aliquot. * . . . . . . . Lib. XIV. cap. 23. Phaselum & Herodem ab Antonio Tetrarchas esse constitutos: Sed nondum Herodes ille Iudæam integram regendam susceperat K 3 * Dimidia pars folii abscissa & ablata perit, sed quæsequuntur in opistographo ejusdem folii in superiore parte habebantur.
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EPISTLES. 77 EPISTLE LXXVII. CL. SARRAVINS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Σχολασινός and Φαλαιρὸς and κυρενς, accompanying, came together, πεθο περσαρας hours Βιρλασία Σκαχεν and of the κυρεῖ. He the one moved about πον σχολασινὸν having been injured, εξυρεσεν and of the hours all the ὁληρων Ιεισων δυσπησεν. But the one having been cared for the κεφαλήν under the ὑπιν and ἐνων of the φίλην said μέχα, filth, in the ἱεροκλεων συντηματὸς, as if meeting with, πε σωφρόνως, after drunkenness. These things are found in tome XXI. In no other place, moreover, is the word όληρωσαι, nor any verbal form of it, to be found. So let him be whipped, then, whenever it pleases [νόμος]. But will you add the name? at least he spared yours. Not having lately dared to answer concerning the Tetrarchs, I shall now dare to stand against you, and to overturn almost all your arguments with a single word. For I have someone to oppose to you who is beyond all exception, a most eminent man, the true and only ornament of our age, ἐπιστολοι καὶ ἔσι, whom even unwilling envy will confess to be incomparable in every respect. Nor, when you have learned his name, will you call me vain; and I shall at once see to it that you find it out. But first I want you to hear his reasons, which I can expound no better than in his own very words. “As to the name Tetrarchy, anyone is mistaken who thinks that a Tetrarchy is the rule of four provinces or towns. As is clear from Pliny, even single cities in Phoenicia and Syria were Tetrarchies; properly, however, the word signified the rule of four men together in one and the same province or nation. When any region or people is governed by four men, each is called a Tetrarch, and the administration of each is a Tetrarchy. Thus Tetrarchs are as Triumvirs. Such Tetrarchs had the nation of the Galatians, who settled in Asia. The whole people was divided into three nations, similar in customs, institutions, and language. Each nation, moreover, was distributed into four parts, each of which had its own πεθάρχην. Hence they were called Tetrarchs, because there were four in each nation. See Strabo, book XII. Isidore also says that the individual μερίδες δικτα πεθαρχια are Tetrarchs: Tetrarchs are those holding a fourth part of a kingdom; for πεπλαρες are four, such as Philip was among Judea. Certainly Herod the Great appointed four heirs of the whole dominion he held, one of whom was called Ἐθναρχης and ἑασιλευς ... , left two Tetrarchs, the fourth, who was a sister, several. * ... Book XIV, chap. 23. Phasael and Herod were constituted Tetrarchs by Antony: But Herod had not yet undertaken the rule of all Judea K 3 * Half of the leaf was cut away and removed; what follows was lost, but what was written on the upper part of the verso of the same leaf was preserved.
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CL. S A R R A V I I perat: quod ubi Phæselo in captivitatem a Parthis abducto, ejusdem Antonii beneficentia & postea ipsius Cæsaris contigit, tum sane non amplius πεπάρχης sed βασιλευς dictus est. Auctor Iosephus libri ejusdem capite XXII. statim. initio. Per, quæso me tecum liberius agentem, Vir Magne, & fortean cum scholastico ridiculum, dum nempe te tibi oppono. Sed si quæ olim a te docti sumus, aliquando nobis te ipso magistro dediscenda sunt, quando tandem sciemus nos in verum incidisse? Aliqua occasione data hæc conciliabis: Absit enim ut mea causa Diatribam ea de re scribas, quam ex tuis libris & literis omnino satis intelligo, nec amplius quicquam mussitabo. Superiora omnia satis hilariter, ut vides, scripseram, cum ecce tuas Hagæ exaratas accipio. Quid dicam? Turbarunt certe animi mei alacritatem. Non miror tamen eum, qui te inducit, mihi quoque illudere. Sed modo omnes ejus artes in noxium caput recidant: tuque ista sinceritate tua omnes istius- modi officias abstergas. Quanto cum gaudio hæc Poetæ illi exprobrabo: Vane. . . . . . . . animis frustraque elate superbis Nequicquam solitas tentasti lubricus artes. Veruntamen sit ille improbus, an non aliqui boni & fidi amici? Accersivit Princeps an non, ut tecum ageret sine fuco & fallaciis more majorum? De eo reliquisque omnibus siles omnino. Nempe dimidiatum negotium vel etiam vix incoeptum noluiti vulgare. Conficiendum tamen est aut nunc, aut nunquam. Impatienter dramatis istius expectabo exitum, quem quæso fac statim resciscam, & de Constantino Trachala, an πεόχαλα? ubi in Musæum redieris, doce. Vale tu cum tua a me meaque. Lutetiæ Parisiorum XXVII. Maji 1644. E P I S T O L A LXXVIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. R Idere voluisti, quando veritum te scribebas, ne Græce rescribendi onus a me imponeretur. Satis enim est mihi Latine scire & loqui, nedum ut in Græca lingua apud te præsertim, glorier; quod ut facerem nunquam in mentem venit, nec aliquando veniet, nisi eam habuero in astragalis. Ut librorum inscriptionibus favorem magnatum venateris, non suaderem, nisi illis artibus, olim & nunc apud bonos & graves familiaribus, viderem eorum gratiam expugnabilem. Volunt illi coli & omni secundum cujusque animum & facultatem. Quis enim virtutem amplectitur ipsam? Nonnullis amicos, illos etiam nonnullis donare potes. Secus si facias certe non injuria de te expostulabunt, æmulique te calumniabuntur αίς νυριάτης αἰτητῶντα ἐλήκας βλασοφητιῶντα. Sequere itaque consilium meum, quod non potest non bene cedere. Hieroclis τῶ αἰσια aliud fere agens, culpam fateor, legeram, & quem nuper nisi locum descripseram. Ea dum diligentius revolvo in capite ἐπι ὑποπιῶν hæc inveni, quæ interpretationi tuæ adversus Heraldi objectionem,
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…; for when Phæselo had been carried off into captivity by the Parthians, through the beneficence of Antonius himself and later of Cæsar, then indeed he was called no longer πεπάρχης but βασιλευς. Josephus, author of the same book, chapter XXII. Immediately at the beginning. Pray allow me to speak more freely with you, Great Sir, and perhaps in a way that is ridiculous from a scholar’s mouth, when, namely, I set myself against you. But if there are things we once learned from you, which someday must be unlearned from you yourself as master, when at last shall we know that we have truly fallen upon the right thing? If occasion is given, you will settle these matters: for God forbid that, on my account, you should write a Diatribe on this subject, which I understand quite sufficiently from your books and letters, and I shall mutter no more about it. I had written all the preceding matters quite cheerfully, as you see, when lo, I receive yours written at The Hague. What shall I say? They certainly disturbed the cheerfulness of my mind. Yet I am not surprised that the man who prompts you should also try to delude me. But now let all his tricks recoil upon his own guilty head; and may you, by that sincerity of yours, wipe away all such offenses. With what joy shall I taunt that Poet with these words: “Vainly ... with minds lifted up in empty pride, You futilely attempted your accustomed slippery arts.” Nevertheless, whether he is wicked or not, are there not some good and loyal friends? Did not the Prince summon you, so that you might deal with him without disguise and deception, in the manner of our forefathers? About that matter and all the rest you are altogether silent. Indeed, you did not wish to make public a business half-finished, or scarcely begun at all. Yet it must be completed, now or never. I shall await impatiently the outcome of that drama, which, I beg you, let me know at once; and when you have returned to the Musaeum, inform me whether, about Constantinus Trachala, it should be πεόχαλα? Farewell, you and yours from me and mine. Paris, 27 May 1644. EPISTLE LXXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. You wished to laugh, when you wrote that you feared the burden of replying in Greek might be imposed on me. For it is enough for me to know and speak Latin, let alone that I should boast of the Greek language, especially with you; and it never came into my mind to do so, nor will it ever come, unless I have it on the astragals. I would not advise you to court the favor of the great by the titles of books, unless I saw that, by those arts, once and now familiar among good and serious men, their goodwill could be won. They wish to be courted, and in every way according to each man’s disposition and means. For who embraces virtue itself? To some you can give friends, to some even those. If you act otherwise, certainly they will complain of you unjustly, and your rivals will slander you with “αἷς νυριάτης αἰτητῶντα ἐλήκας βλασοφητιῶντα.” Follow therefore my advice, which cannot but turn out well. While I was doing something else, I had read Hierocles’ τῶ αἰσια, I confess my fault, and I had copied out the passage not long ago. As I reviewed these things more carefully, I found in the chapter ἐπι ὑποπιῶν these words, which are contrary to your interpretation against Heraldis’ objection,
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EPISTOLA 79 nem favere videntur. 'O ομηρὸς ομηρῶν οφειλε ημαριον. 'O de Φησιν eis πομαίστινον με δεδεμι, λύσσον αρον. ο de άπελης Φησιν ιπηρειην. Ita scripta habentur in codice IS. Vossii. Pro μαίστινον, quod quid sit non reperio, vide num legendum sit μαρτυν: aliquid certe hujusmodi intelligendum est. Pro άπελης existimo scribendum απολης, abi. Habet nonnulla Isaacus Habertus, Deritu tonsura a Lectoris ordinatione minime sejuncto apud Gracos, in nupero libro cui nomen fecit αγχιεγανην sive Pontificalis liber Ecclesia Græca. Quia scio Petrum Blaisium, qui eum anno superiore excudit, exemplaria istuc misisse, observationem non describam, quæ habetur pag. 41. & 42. Secus enim fieri notat apud Latinos, qui statim post Baptismum, vel octavo aliquando die, infantes tendent. Tu & tua Salvete a me & mea. Lut. Paris. III. Iun. CIC XLIV. EPISTOLA LXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Samasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Reddet tibi de quo nuper scribebam fasciculum, Andelottus Castellionæus. Sed vereor ne in obsidione Gravelingana aliquandiu moretur. Quod si forte contingeret, rogatus est, eum ad te prima quaque occasione mittere. Emendavisse me ex festinatione præcipiti natum peccatum, dum Hieroclis γελοια evolvo, ex litteris meis postremis cognoveris. Laudo quod Sancolumbani querelis non tangaris. Palam & publica causa acta est. Non solum Talæus, qui eam primus vulneravit, sed alii omnes, qui judicaverunt, consenserunt in ejus damnum. Itaque cunctis conspirantibus non fuit comperendinandi locus, & misericordiæ genus fuit cito occidisse. Urget negotium aulicum Talæus: sed Magnates nostri, quibus de eo decernere incumbit, sunt jam occupatissimi propter undecumque bella parum prospera. Expectat itaque occasionem, assumitque sibi socium Puteanum, cujus consiliis res non potest non procedere. Tu interim magnanimam gere mentem. Involve te virtute tua, donec lux hinc aliqua affulgeat. Cum sciam te variis distractum esse curis, volebam a te interpellando cessare: sed non patitur Guyetus noster, qui cum nuper incidisset in Horatii vitam; rogavit ut de loco difficili sententiam tuam requirerem: quod viro doctissimo negare non potui. Verba hæc sunt: Bello Philippensi tribunus militum meruit: victisque partibus venia impetrata SCRIPTUM QUÆSTORIUM comparavit. Quid sibi velint hæc verba ipse doceas; qui me soles omnio docere, minima, maxima, mediocria. Percurri Donii orationem de Pænula sacra & profana. Satis leviter videtur omni isto negotio defunctus. Invenies in Præfatione Naudæi ad Slingelandum, quod existimare possis de te dictum: quando Gronovii & Ferarii laudat minutulas De Sestertiis & Re Vestiaria commentatiunculas,
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EPISTLE 79 those things seem to favor no one. ‘O Homer of Homers owed a little day.’ ‘O de he says eis pōmaistinon me dedemi, lysson aron. o de apelēs says ipērēin.’ Thus are the readings in the codex of I. Vossius. For maistinon , whatever that may be, I do not find; see whether it ought to be read martyn : certainly something of that sort must be understood. For apelēs I think it should be written apolēs , “go away.” Isaac Habert has some matters, in De ritu tonsura , not at all separated from the ordination of a reader among the Greeks, in the recent book to which he gave the title anchieganē , or Pontificalis liber Ecclesia Græca . Since I know that Peter Blaise, who printed it last year, sent copies there, I shall not transcribe the observation, which is found on pp. 41 and 42. For he notes that the matter is otherwise among the Latins, who assign infants to this after Baptism at once, or sometimes on the eighth day. Farewell, you and yours, from me and mine. Paris, June 3, 1644. EPISTLE LXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Samasius. Leiden. Andelottus Castellioneus will send you the packet about which I recently wrote. But I fear that he may be delayed for some time in the siege of Gravelines. If by chance that should happen, he has been asked to send it to you at the first opportunity. From my last letters you will have learned that I have corrected the mistake born of excessive haste, while I was perusing Hierocles’ γελοια . I commend your not being moved by Sancolumbanus’s complaints. The matter has been handled openly and publicly. Not only Talaeus, who first wounded it, but all the others who judged, agreed to its detriment. So, with all conspiring together, there was no place for delay, and it was a kind of mercy to have killed it quickly. Talaeus is pressing the court business: but our magnates, on whom it is incumbent to decide about it, are now extremely occupied because of wars, nowhere very successful. He is therefore awaiting an opportunity, and he has taken as partner Puteanus, whose advice cannot but make the matter go forward. Do you meanwhile bear a great spirit. Wrap yourself in your own virtue, until some light shines here. Since I know that you are distracted by various cares, I had wanted to stop troubling you; but our Guyetus does not permit it, who, having recently come upon the life of Horace, asked me to seek your opinion on a difficult passage: which I could not refuse to so learned a man. The words are these: “In the Philippian War he served as military tribune; and, after the victory of the opposing side, having obtained pardon, he secured the scriptum quaestorium .” You yourself should explain what these words mean; you who are accustomed to instruct me in everything, small, great, and middling. I have gone through Donius’ discourse De Pænula sacra & profana . He seems to have got through the whole business rather lightly. In Naudé’s Preface to Slingeland, you will find what you might think was said about you, when he praises Gronovius’s and Ferarius’s little commentaries De Sestertiis & Re Vestiaria ,
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80 CL S A R R A V I I las, præ illis voluminibus, quæ mole sua lectores obruunt. Sed nolim esse te ita delicatulum, ut istis immoreris. Non omnium, qui litteras hodie colunt, immo nullius est immensam copiam tuam imitari. Ego sane istorum jejuna & famelica scripta despicio, qui statim ac coeperunt desinunt: quia nempe domi curta supellex, & parva penus parvo spatio consumpta perit. Ne itaque rideatur ludibrioque sit eorum tenuitas, occupant ingentes tuos bonæ frugis acervos plenaque horrea damnare. Tu vero Sol eruditorum, perge litterarium orbem illustrare magno puroque lumine, nec nisi cum Sole coelesti extingui- tor. Nostris DEUS annue votis. Mea te tuamque salutat, ego vos am- bos. Lutetiæ Parisiorum XVII. Iunii. CIC D C XLIV. E P I S T O L A LXXX. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. F Auctum tuum in Latium reditum tibi gratulor, mihi gaudeo cuitam ele- gans, tam erudita inde provenit epistola. De Exuviis facile concessero Lemanni Lacus accolam parum foeliciter Paulinum locum attentasse: & de Trachala, quod emendas in tria cappa idem facturus; si acumen proverbiale intellexero. Ubi sunt illa tria Cappa quæ Constantino attribuuntur? Si enim crudelitas, clandestina molitiones, calumnia aut aliquid tale notaretur ab Aurelio Victore, procederet emendatio & assensum meum facillime mereretur: sed decem primis annis audit præstantissimus. Cogor itaque secundas tuas curas expectare. Existimaveram t[er]ro [Ch]αλα legendum esse, ut allusio fieret ad ternas illas mutationes, quæ ibi arguuntur. Certe t[er]ro [Ch]αλον t[er]ro [Ch]αιον [Ch]αχυν (male vulgo t[er]chχυν) [n]o[n] πιετρειχον [μ]α id est versatilem, mutabilem explicat Hesychius: & επιθ[er]ο [Ch]αλον πιννος [μ]η [Ch]αχιων επιθ[er]οχον. Sola terminatio negotium facessebat. Sed in illo ipso Hesychio habetur Θπιχαλῶ [n]o[n] πανν[er]υν Φηρομ[en]τον [μ]is το[ur] Iucias Θερμπιναν. Juva quæso conjecturam meam, quæ a vulgata lectione minimum abit. Vix cre- dam Gaulminum auctorem esse epistolæ dedicatorix t[ame]n Απισάν τ[ame]n Κυνητηπιῶ. Sectatur enin Condæi, non Aurelianensis aulam. De Holstenio adduci non pos- sum ut existimem. Ab ipso typographo resciscam & scribam. Sed hui! Versio- nem doctissimi istius tot scatere mendis quis suspicetur? Non esse ista tuæ ætatis re- [con]te dicis. Sed brevi istuc accurret Vossius, quia te monitus potest istam provinciam capere. Usus prudenti tuo consilio mittam statim ad R. Criticam sacram Capelli. Auctor rem omnino voluit esse arbitrii mei, ut eam ad te vel ad illum mitterem. Malui tibi obsequi, quam incurrendo in t[ame]n [Ch]υρ[α]ς. zelotypiam negotium istud disturbare. Tu tamen ita quæso precorque juva optimi viri vota, cum sacra- rum literarum utilitate conjuncta. Interca habes hîc Capelli epistolam, qua videbis bonum illum virum optavisse tibi esse obnoxium ob istam editionem: & fecissem sane, nisi in ipsius gratiam reclamasses. Vale, EPI-
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80 CL SARRAVIUS Those, in comparison with those volumes which crush readers beneath their bulk. But I would not have you so fastidious that you dwell on such things. It is not for all who cultivate letters today—indeed for no one—to imitate your immense abundance. For my part, I despise those meager and famished writings of theirs, which begin only to end at once: because, naturally, when the household is scantily furnished and a small store of provisions is consumed in a small space, it perishes. Let not, then, their thinness be laughed at and made a mockery, while they find fault with your great heaps of good grain and your full granaries. But you, Sun of the learned, continue to illumine the literary world with your great and pure light, and be extinguished only when the heavenly Sun is extinguished. Grant our prayers, O God. Mine salutes you and yours; I salute both of you. At Paris, 17 June, 1644. EPISTLE LXXX. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. I congratulate you on your return to Latium, and I rejoice for myself that such an elegant, so learned an epistle has come forth from there. Concerning Exuviis , I would readily grant that the inhabitant of Lake Geneva has not happily approached Paulinus’ passage; and concerning Trachala , you emend it to “three kappas,” I shall do the same, if I understand the proverbial point. Where are those three kappas attributed to Constantine? For if cruelty, secret machinations, slander, or something of the kind were indicated by Aurelius Victor, the emendation would go forward and would easily deserve my assent; but he is said, in the first ten years, to be most excellent. So I am forced to await your second thoughts. I had supposed that terro Chala ought to be read, so that there would be an allusion to those three changes which are there reproached. Certainly terro Chalon terro Chaion Chachyn (badly and commonly terchchyn ) non pietreichon mā , that is, “mutable, changeable,” Hesychius explains; and epithero Chalon pinos mē Chachion epitherochon . Only the ending was causing difficulty. But in that very Hesychius there is found Thphichalō non panneryn pheromenton mis tou Iucias Thermbinan . Please help my conjecture, which differs very little from the received reading. I can scarcely believe Gaulmin to be the author of the dedicatory epistle, though Apisān tām Kynētepiō . He in fact follows Condé’s court, not the Orléans court. As for Holstenius, I cannot be brought to think so. I shall ask the printer himself and write. But, ah! who would suspect that the translation of that most learned man should be so full of mistakes? You say that such things are not of your age. But Vossius will soon come there, because, being warned by you, he can take up that province. With your prudent advice, I shall at once send to R. Critica the sacred work of Capellus. The author wished the matter to be entirely at my discretion, so that I might send it either to you or to him. I preferred to oblige you rather than, by taking action, to stir up jealousy in that matter. Yet I beg and pray you to help the wishes of an excellent man, when they are joined with the usefulness of sacred letters. Meanwhile, here you have Capellus’ letter, by which you will see that that good man wished to be beholden to you for this edition; and I would indeed have done so, unless, to oblige him, you had objected. Farewell, EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 81 EPISTOLA LXXXI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. DE Aurelii Victoris loco libens de manus: quamvis superesse videatur ali- qua difficultas. Cum enim de tribus malis Imperatoribus, Constanti- no, Constante & Constantio usurpatum fuerit illud proverbium, necesse est ut his demum defunctis locum habuerit & invaluerit. Atqui prout leguntur hæc verba apud Victorem, Constantino vivo & vigente in ore populi, fuisse videntur. Sed non est id tanti, ut amplius de eo sim molestus. Bene est quod Comæ tuæ statuis aliquem modum: prolixior enim decere non poterat. Levit manu observationes Heraldi tractandæ: leviculæ enim sunt pleræque, si non omnes; nec illis confutandis, nisi quia te tangunt, ullum est operæ pretium. De librorum inscriptione silco, quia consilium non probas: istius gentis mo- res absit, ut credam meliu a me talium ignarissimo cognosci, quam a te solerti perspicacique incola. Criticam Sacram ad Rivetum defert idem Douchantius, cui non ita pridem commisi alium fasciculum tibi reddendum: nondum enim per domestica negotia licuerat hinc discedere. En tibi alias a Capello literas dudum, ut opinor, scriptas, misit Bochartus. Quas ad eum, Dallæum &c Maquum misisti, curavi sedulo. Monet novissime Maussacus Heinsium scripsisse ad Croium literas plenas gratiarum actionis, quod suas partes sequutus esset adversus Balzacium; eumque rogasse ne in Animadversionibus ad N. T. duriter secum ageret. Non enim esse se auctorem, quicquid malevoli jactent istius procrastinationis, qua editio observationum ejus diu trahitur. Quia voluit, hæc ad te perscribi, voluntati viri amici obsequutus sum; alias omnia istius- modi neglecturus. Inde tamen colligere est Doctorem Monosyllabum non irritare adversarios suos: quin immo illis subblandiri. Voluisset utinam eadem arte tecum experiri: vel potius utinam olim is ei mos fuisset. Sed quia jam videt sibia te acriter satis bellum indictum & gestum, prensatalios, quo inimicorum numerum minuat. Qua in re si generositatem desiderare cogor, prudentiam & versutiam humanam improbare non possum. Milleterius hinc inde damnatus redactus est ad incitas: existimat tamen Pelides cedere nescius impune sibi licitum fore contra Sorbonicos stimulos recalcitrare, ut ante septennium Alerconensem censuram susque deque habuit. Inflictas sibi graves has plagas lapis sit, ne sentiat. Omnia ergo ejus consilia in fumos abiere. Discant inde Henotæ omnes, verissimum esse, quod dudum jactamus & vociferamus, amare Romam suas sordes, sua vulnera. Rei gestæ seriem censura palam faciet. Mitto interea undecim propositiones, quæ bilem moverunt sapientissimis magistris nostris. Proxima septimana Decretum edetur, affigetur &c per Urbis plateam proclamabitur. Vale tu cum tua & salvete a me meaque. Lutetia Parisior xxv. Iunii. 1313 XLIV. L EPI-
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EPISTLES. 81 EPISTLE LXXXI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. About the passage of Aurelius Victor, I gladly yield the point; although some difficulty seems still to remain. For since that proverb was applied to the three wicked Emperors, Constantine, Constans, and Constantius, it is necessary that it should have arisen and gained currency only after they were dead. But as these words are read in Victor, they seem to have been in the mouth of the people while Constantine was still alive and reigning. But it is not worth my while to trouble myself further about it. It is well that you set some limit to your Comæ; for a longer one could not have been fitting. Heraldu's observations are to be handled lightly; for most of them, if not all, are trifling, and there is no reason to refute them unless it is because they concern you. I am silent about the title of the books, because you do not approve the plan; God forbid that I should imagine that I know the customs of that people better than you do, who are their diligent and discerning resident. Douchantius refers the Critica Sacra to Rivet, to whom not long ago I entrusted another packet to be delivered to you; for domestic affairs had not yet allowed me to depart from here. Here, too, are other letters from Capellus, long ago written, as I think, sent by Bochart. I have carefully attended to those you sent to him, to Dallæus, and to Maquus, etc. Maussacus has recently informed me that Heinsius wrote to Croius letters full of thanks, because he had followed his side against Balzacius; and that he asked him not to deal harshly with him in the Animadversiones on the New Testament. For he says that he is not the author of this delay, whatever malicious people may spread about it, on account of which the publication of his observations has been long drawn out. Since he wished this to be written to you, I have complied with the wish of a friend; otherwise I should have neglected all such matters. From this, however, it may be gathered that Doctor Monosyllabus does not provoke his adversaries; nay rather, he flatters them. Would that he had wished to try the same art with you; or rather, would that he had long ago made it his practice. But since he now sees that war has been declared and waged against him quite sharply by you, he lays hold of others, in order to lessen the number of his enemies. In this matter, if I am compelled to miss the spirit of generosity, I cannot disapprove of human prudence and craftiness. Miletérius, condemned here and there, has been driven to extremity; yet Pelides, who knows not how to yield, thinks that he may safely be allowed to kick back against the Sorbonnists, just as seven years ago he treated the censure of Alençon as a matter of no account. May this stone be laid upon the heavy blows inflicted on him, so that he may not feel them. Thus all his plans have gone up in smoke. Let all the Hennotes learn from this that it is most true what we have long been shouting and crying out: that Rome loves its own filth, its own wounds. The censure will make the sequence of events known. Meanwhile I am sending the eleven propositions which have stirred the bile of our wisest masters. Next week the Decree will be issued, posted up, and proclaimed through the streets of the City. Farewell, you and yours, and greet mine from me and mine from me. Paris, 25 June 1313. XLIV. L EPI-
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CL. SARRAVI EPISTOLA LXXXII. CL. S A L M A S I U S Claudio Sarravio. Lutetiam. H Aga tandem in hanc urbem reverso, video mihi in Latium eadem via & eodem die esse redeundum. En quantum iter & quam longum; quam brevi tempore confici debet in tuam gratiam. Sed quoniam hoc onus semel imposuisti, perferendum, cujus laboris amplam videor mercedem percipere, tot Latinas tuas elegantissimas litteras. Audi itaque de SCRIPTO QUÆSTORIO, quod sibi comparasse dicitur Horatius post Philippense bellum. Nomina hæc verbalia neutrius generis, quale est Scriptum, non semper ποι Χοπί- λεσμα significant, & quod actum est; sed quod agitur, & ipsam actionem. Scriptum itaque Quæstorium est officium Scribæ Quæstoris. Ut enim γεαμ- μαπως dicitur Græcis Scribe a voce γεαμα; ita & Scribe est Latinis, qui Scriptum facit, qui Scriptum emit. Emebantur quippe ista officia, & Scriptum emisse dicebatur, qui emerat. Codicillum aliquis posset interpretari, sed inscite. Nam in hoc solo scribarum officio vox Scriptum solita usurpari, quæ munus scribæ omnino significat. Vis alium testem? ecce idoneum. Veteres Glossæ Iuvenalis in Sat. V. de Sarmento, cujus ibi mentio, hæc narrant. Sarmentus natione Thuscus, e domo M. Feronii; incertum libertus an servus, plurimis forma & urbanitate promeritis, eo fiducia venit, ut pro Romano Equite ageret: decuriam quoque Quæstoriam compararet. Quare per ludos, quibus primum in XIV. Ordinibus sedit, hæc a populo in eum dicta sunt: Aliud Scriptum habet Sarmentus, aliud populus voluerat; Digna digni. Hic Sarmentus habeat crassas compedes. Notabis interim decuriam Quæstoriam comparare, & Scriptum Quæstorium, idem esse. Hoc igitur voluit populus, cum in Sarmentum in XIV. Ordinibus sedentem istos versus funditavit; aliud scriptum habere Sarmentum, nempe decuriam Quæstoriam, vel officium scribæ apud Quæstorem, aliud populum voluisse ut haberet; nempe γεαμα vel in iγαμα in fronte, ut servis nequam, qui fugerant solebat inscribi. Paulo post idem auctor Scriptum appellat, quod decuriam Quæstoriam prius dixerat. Iam autem senex in maximis necessitatibus, ad quas libidine luxurieque deciderat, coactus auctionari, cum interrogaretur, cur scriptum quoque venderet; non infacete bona se esse memoriæ respondit. Ita enim hæc verba legenda sunt, quæ vulgo in editis habentur corruptissima. Scriptum simpliciter dixit pro Scripto Quæstoria, ut in versibus populi. Lusit in ambiguo, cum dixit le bonæ esse memoriæ, ideoque Scriptum vendere, quia qui memoria non valent, de scripto recitant, quod dicunt. Ordo scribarum Quæstoriorum honestissimus fuit, ut docet Cicero III. in Verrem: de isto ordine scribit ita loquens. Ordo est honestus quis negat? Aut, quid ea res ad hanc rem pertinet? Est vero honestus quod co- rum
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CL. SARRAVI EPISTLE LXXXII. CL. SALMASIUS To Claude Sarravius. Paris. Having at last returned to this city, I see that I must return to Latium by the same road and on the same day. Behold what a journey, and how long; yet it must be accomplished in a short time for your sake. But since you have imposed this burden once, it must be borne, especially since I seem to be receiving a rich reward for my labor: so many of your most elegant Latin letters. Listen then to the SCRIPTUM QUAESTORIUM , which Horace is said to have acquired for himself after the Philippian war. These verbal nouns of the neuter gender, such as scriptum , do not always signify τὸ πεπραγμένον, that which has been done; but rather that which is being done, and the action itself. Thus scriptum quaestorium is the office of the quaestor’s scribe. For just as γραμματεύς is said by the Greeks from γράμμα, so too among the Latins scribe is he who makes the scriptum , he who buys the scriptum . For these offices were in fact bought, and one was said to have bought a scriptum who had bought it. One might translate it as a codicil, but clumsily. For in this one office of the scribes the word scriptum is customarily used, which entirely signifies the scribe’s function. Want another witness? Here is a suitable one. The old glosses on Juvenal, in Satire V, on Sarmentus, of whom there is mention there, relate the following: “Sarmentus, by nation a Tuscan, from the house of M. Feronius; uncertain whether a freedman or a slave, having won favor by his great good looks and wit, came to such confidence that he acted as a Roman knight; he even obtained the quaestorian decury. Wherefore during the games, when he first sat in the XIVth order, these words were uttered against him by the people: ‘Sarmentus has one scriptum , the people had wished another; Worthy for the worthy. Here let Sarmentus have rough fetters.’ You will note, meanwhile, that to obtain the quaestorian decury and to obtain the quaestorian scriptum are the same thing. This, then, is what the people meant when they hurled those verses at Sarmentus as he sat in the XIVth order: that Sarmentus had one scriptum , namely the quaestorian decury, or the office of scribe with the quaestor, while the people wished him to have another; namely a mark on his forehead, as was wont to be inscribed upon runaway worthless slaves. A little later the same author calls it scriptum , which he had earlier called the quaestorian decury. Now when, in his old age and in the greatest distress, into which he had fallen through lust and luxury, he was compelled to sell by auction, and was asked why he was also selling the scriptum , he replied, not inelegantly, that it was an excellent reminder. For these words must be read as I have indicated, though in the printed editions they are corrupt in the extreme. He used scriptum simply for scriptum quaestorium , as in the verses of the people. He played on the ambiguity when he said “a good reminder,” and therefore selling the scriptum , because those who are not strong in memory recite from a script, as they say. The order of the quaestorian scribes was a most honorable one, as Cicero shows in the third book Against Verres: he writes of that order thus, speaking: “The order is honorable—who denies it? Or what has that to do with this matter? It is indeed honorable, because of their ...”
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EPISTOLA. 83 rum hominum fidei tabulæ publicæ & pericula magistratum committuntur. Magna quoque eorum fuere emolumenta & commoda. Ex pecuniis publicis, quas pendebant populi vectigales vel stipendiarii, duas quinquagesimas qui- dam quæstores & prætores deducebant, quæ commodis cederent suorum scribarum, & id Verrem fecisse Cicero arguit. Equites etiam Romani ple- rumque fiebant, & annulo aureo donabantur. Et Verres scribam suum an- nulo aureo donasse traditur ibidem a Cicerone. Sarmentus quoque postquam decuriam quæstoriam emisset, pro equite Romano se gessit. Liberti plerum- que, & qui servi fuerant hujusmodi decurias Quæstorias sive Scripta Quæsto- ria sibi comparabant, ut ad Equestrem dignitatem pervenirent. Ita Hora- tius, cum Libertino patrenatus esset, sinita militia, quæ male successerat, scri- ptum emit quæstorium, ut pro equite Romano se posset gerere. Ista scripta quæstoria vendebantur cum reliquis bonis in auctionibus; cum ejus, qui scri- ptum habebat, bona sub hasta vænibant. In responsis Adriani de quodam ha- betur filio, qui questus est apud Imperatorem, cum bona patris adjudicata fisco fuissent, decuriam ipsi quoque ereptam fuisse & confiscatam. Mentio in anti- quis inscriptionibus frequens, Scribæ librarii quæstorii, trium decuriarum, & quatuor & quinque decuriarum Sæpe etiam corrupte scribitur SER. LIB. pro SCR. LIB. id est scribæ librarius. Fuere & Scribæ Tribunitii, Ædi- litii, quorum officium etiam Scripti Ædilitii nomine, & Scripti Tribunitii dici potuit. Habeo de his alia multa, sed hæc sufficere nunc opinor. Vale. Ego & meatuam teque ipsum salutamus. Leydæ XXVII. Iunii. CIC LXC XLIV. EPISTOLA LXXXIII. CL. S A R R A V. I U S Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Ratavorum. Videt jam Milleterius, nisi plane cæcus est ποίτε νῦν τάπε ἐμμαῖν, duram se conciliationis cepisse provinciam. Hinc inde vapulat, jacetque inter duas medius sellas. Eo tamen confidentiæ an stultitiæ devenit, ut necdum de consilio suo desperet: Improborum hominum factione innocentiam oppressam esse clamitat & inauditum damnatum: vitio latam esse Censuram docebit, & ad æquos provocabit judices. Hæc viri conditio est. De Tutaphis & Cu- cuphis quæ scripsisti verissima arbitror, nec amplius inquirendum. Hæc quæ ludibundus scrutaris & penetras, aliis sunt impervia. Itaque quacunque occasione innumera talia ingere magno usui semper futura. Bene prætulisti Comam Mutuo: Caput enim pecunia pretiosius. Sed quidquid est, utrum- que tandem depropera & finire labora. In nobili argumento licet & juvat discurrere & pro magnifico habetur: secus in tenui, quod levibrachiotractan- dum est. De Stuartio Philosopho quid dudum actum sit vix reperio: spes ta- men est brevi cognoscendi, & certiorem te faciam. Spanhemius apud vos de Gratia Universali adversus Theologos Salmurienses disputat: Nostris non L 2 pla-
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EPISTOLA. 83 The public records and the dangers of magistrates are entrusted to the faith of private men. They also had great profits and advantages. From the public monies, which the tributary or stipendary peoples paid, certain quaestors and praetors deducted one-fiftieth and one-two-and-fiftieth part, which was used for the benefit of their scribes; and Cicero charges Verres with having done this. Roman knights also were often made, and were presented with a gold ring. And Verres, it is related, gave his own scribe a gold ring there in Cicero. Sarmentus too, after he had bought a quaestorian decury, conducted himself as a Roman knight. Freedmen also, and those who had been slaves, used to procure for themselves such quaestorian decuries, or quaestorian records, in order to attain equestrian rank. Thus Horace, when he had a freedman for a father, after the service that had ended badly, bought a quaestorian record, so that he might be able to pass as a Roman knight. These quaestorian records were sold with the rest of their property at auctions, when the goods of the man who held the record were sold under the spear. In Hadrian’s responses, mention is made of a certain son who complained before the Emperor that, when his father’s property had been awarded to the treasury, the decury had also been taken away from him and confiscated. Frequent mention is made in ancient inscriptions of scribae librarii quaestorii, of three decuries, and of four and five decuries. It is also often corruptly written SER. LIB. for SCR. LIB., that is, scriba librarius. There were also scribae tribunitii and aedilitii, whose office could likewise be called scripta aedilitii and scripta tribunitii. I have many other things about these matters, but I think these are enough for now. Farewell. I and Mea and I salute you yourself. Leyden, 27 June, 1644. EPISTOLA LXXXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Ludunum Ratavorum. Milleterius now sees, unless he is wholly blind, ποίτε νῦν τάπε ἐμμαῖν , that he has undertaken a difficult task of reconciliation. He is lashed from both sides, and lies midway between two stools. Yet he has come to such a point of confidence or folly that he still does not despair of his plan: he proclaims that innocence has been crushed by a faction of wicked men and condemned unheard; that the Censure was passed by fault, and that he will appeal to fair judges. Such is the man’s condition. What you wrote about Tutaphus and Cucuphus I judge to be most true, and there is no need to inquire further. These things which you inspect and probe in a playful way are inaccessible to others. Therefore, whenever you have the opportunity, pour in countless such things; they will always be of great use. You preferred Coma Mutuo well: for money is more precious than the head. But whatever the case, hasten both matters at last and labor to finish them. In a noble subject it is allowed and even pleasing to ramble, and it is regarded as splendid; otherwise in a small one, which must be handled with a light hand. What has long since been done concerning Stuartius the philosopher I can scarcely find; yet there is hope of learning it soon, and I shall inform you more certainly. Spanhemius among you is disputing against the Salmurian theologians about universal grace; among ours not
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CL. S A R R A V I I placet sopitam controversiam suscitari. Viderit ille num isti invidiæ par sit. Certe ægre ferunt adversarii istas theses proponi & edi, sequè responsuros minitantur. Nihil opus est id ex te resciscat, ab aliis, certo scio, monitus. Sin ulterius pergat, vereor ne id malum suo invento sibi accersiverit, cui amoliendo qui auctores fuerent non sufficiant. Duncanus Coronæ Suedicæ Agens in hac aula tranquillitatem Legati Gothici turbat. Magno honore susceptus est a Lomenio. Ajunt viam, quam iniit ad pacem Ecclesiasticam, Procerum animos ab eo alienasse, ipsius etiam Cancellarii Oxensternii præcipui ejus fautoris. Ego quoque brevis, donec habeo quod addam. Vale tu cum tua a me meaque. Lutetiæ Parisior. Kalendis Iuliis. CIC. XLIV. A me discedunt Ramburtius Sedanensis Ecclesiastes & Blondellus noster, a quibus didici Stuartium, de quo percunctaris, pedem fixisse Londini ante aliquot annos, ibique bonis partibus esse addictum: quin etiam non ita pridem in lucem edidisse aliquem libellum adversus eos, qui illic Independentes audiunt, quia Synodos Provinciales & nationales rejiciunt, dum consistoria volunt regere . Cætera dicunt esse insignis doctrinæ philosophum, sed pacis inter collegas parum studiosum & superbulum. Sed non admitteret ille indifferenter Sedanenses ad testimonium de se dicendum. Hæc præterire non debui. Iterum vale. Adjunctas literas Benterii Tolosani Senatus Principis, una cum Antonii Dadini Alteserræ libro de Ducibus & Comitibus Provincialibus Galliæ, attulit jamjam Milleterius una cum opusculo suo a Sorbonicis censura notato. Libros feret Vossius qui ad iter serio se accingit. E P I S T O L A LXXXIV. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Bataverum. Hæret animus , , , miretur & laudet, in postremis tuis litteris. Tam cito, tam erudite, tam copiose, tamque eleganter potuisse te quæstioni nostræ satisfacere? . Huma- num id captum superat, omnia nosse, in monumento habere & expedite eloqui. Quid amicum nostrum sentire existimas? Plane obstupuit voxque hæsit fau- cibus, lectis illis, quæ super ejus scripsisti. Crederes illum magico ali- quo carmine defixum, devinctumque. Vive diu vere solusque , & scientias omnes plena manu undiquaque sparge, estunde. Sed præsertim sanctoribus da te litteris, ad quas orandas ab amicis omnibus, ab ætate tua , , , coryphæus merito audies. Et cum tui inferior ætas meminerit, celso tonabitore . Et quia video te, pro summa humanitate tua, quæ cum doctrina immensa conjuncta facit , æquo animo ferre libertatem meam: non verebor de legitimis quæstionibus te interpellare. Et quando sæpius mode- stix
Transcription: Translated (English)
CL. SARRAVIUS approves that the smothered controversy be roused again. Let him see whether that is worthy of these jealous men. Certainly the opponents take it ill that such theses are proposed and published, and they threaten that they too will respond. There is no need that he learn this from you; I know for certain that he has been warned by others. But if he should go on further, I fear that he will have brought that evil upon himself by his own contrivance, and those who were the authors in removing it will not suffice. Duncan, Agent of the Swedish Crown in this court, disturbs the peace of the Gothic envoy. He was received with great honor by Lomenius. They say that the path he has entered upon toward ecclesiastical peace has alienated the minds of the nobles from him, and even from Chancellor Oxenstierna himself, his chief supporter. I too must be brief, until I have something more to add. Farewell, you with yours and mine with mine. At Paris, on the Kalends of July, 1644. Ramburtius, ecclesiastic of Sedan, and our Blondel are departing from me; from them I learned that Stuart, about whom you inquire, had settled in London some years ago, and there has attached himself to the good party; indeed, not long ago he even published some little book against those who there are called Independents, because they reject provincial and national synods while they wish to govern through consistories. The rest they say of him is that he is a philosopher of distinguished learning, but not very devoted to peace among colleagues and rather arrogant. But he would not indiscriminately admit the men of Sedan to testify on his behalf. I ought not to have passed over these things. Farewell again. Benterius, principal of the Toulouse parliament, has just now brought the enclosed letters, together with the book of Antonius Dadinus d’Alteserra on the dukes and counts of the provinces of France, along with his own little work marked by Sorbonic censure. Vossius will carry the books, as he is seriously preparing for the journey. EPISTLE LXXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leyden. My mind is seized with wonder and praise at your latest letters. That you were able to satisfy our question so quickly, so learnedly, so copiously, and so elegantly? That exceeds human capacity: to know everything, to have it stored in memory, and to express it readily. What do you think our friend feels? He was utterly stunned, and his voice stuck in his throat when he read what you had written about him. You would think him struck and bound by some magical spell. Live long, truly alone, and scatter all the sciences everywhere with a full hand, pour them forth. But especially devote yourself to sacred studies, and to prayers for them, you will rightly be called the leader by all your friends and by your age. And since your younger age will remember yours, with lofty thundering... And because I see that, in your great kindness, joined as it is with immense learning, you bear my freedom of speech with equanimity, I shall not fear to trouble you with legitimate questions. And when more often modesty...
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E P I S T O L A E. 85 stix fines jam videor trangressus, gnaviter ero impudeus. Interea ago gratias quantum possum maximas, rogoque credas me hisce tuis beneficiis ut imparem repensandis, ita agnoscendis prædicandisque semper fore paratissimum. Proxime scripsi querelas Theologorum nostrorum super Professoris Germani de Gratia Universali thesibus: illi ipsi a me flagitant, ut earum exemplar nanciscar, quod si per te obtinere possum, rem feceris bonis viris tui studiosissimis & pacis sectatoribus cupidis, gratissimam. Beneficium tamen tuum eos ista vice celabitur, quia istic posset tibi nocere, si sciret ille nos per te voti factos esse compotes. De Coma tua nihil dicis an adhuc crescat? Pone modum isti scriptioni. Abibunt in proverbium Salmasianæ Epistolæ, si pergas istum titulum libris tuis præscribere. De Stuartio Philosopho brevi rescribam. Mercerius Vitriacensis ejus Affinis a me rogatus est, ut eum percunctaretur, num vellet in nobilissima Academia artem suam profiteri bonis conditionibus. Urbem non designavi: quapropter si ad eum Londinum scribas, suadeo ut de me aliquid addas, ne forsan existimet se hinc inde postulari & moras nectat, quod procul dubio facturus est, si unam Provinciam duas arbitretur, idque credere pronum erit a tam diversis partibus petito. Serius accepi ab Albertino nostro ante octiduum has literas, quas idcirco nunc demum mitto. Vale tu tuaque cum solita a nobis salutatione. Lutetiæ Parisior. 8. Iulii 1644. E P I S T O L A LXXXV. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. M Ihi plaudo, quoties cogito quam bene succedat mihi consilium illud meum, quo te rogavi ut ad me Latine deinceps scriberes: dum scilicet singulis septimanis ista occasione aliquid doces, quod non ita commode familiari & vulgari nostro sermone procederet. Ecce enim in postremis radicitus evellis, quicquid supererat difficultatis, in loco Victoris, de quo stuporem meum fateri cogor, ejusque meritas poenas deprecari. Quam deinde grata, quamque plana sunt omnia illa, quæ adversus Donium disputas de panula, planeta, easula. Perge quæso hisce me beare, nec operæ parcere velis sententiam tuam promendo super hujusmodi novitiis scriptoribus. Iudicium certe meum istis censuris tuis instrui & firmari video, dum plane agnosco non esse statim adhibendam fidem omnibus illis, quæ erudituli isti scriptitant. Serius tandem prodiit in lucem Censura Facultatis Theologicæ adversus Milleterium, quæ in gratiam trium Approbatorum, quorum nomini pareitum est, bis terque emollita fuit. Quod tamen celsum Conciliatorem spectat, continet ea, quibus ille fautoresque ejus, si qui sunt, imposterum fateantur lusisse se operam. Arnaldus etiam, quem sibi clam adstipulari Bachetus arbitrabatur, epistolam edidit ad Præsules sui libri Approba- tores L 3.
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“I seem already to have passed the sixth limit; I shall then be shamelessly bold. In the meantime I give as great thanks as I can, and I ask you to believe that I shall always be most ready, in return for these your benefits, both to repay them, though I am unable, and to acknowledge and proclaim them. I recently wrote about the complaints of our theologians concerning the theses of the German Professor on Universal Grace: they themselves press me to obtain a copy of them, and if I can secure that through you, you will have done a most welcome service to good men, most devoted to you and eager followers of peace. Your kindness, however, will on this occasion be hidden from them, because it might do you harm there, if that man were to know that through you we have become recipients of what we wished for. You say nothing about your hair: is it still growing? Put a stop to that manner of writing. Salmasian Letters will become proverbial, if you go on prefixing that title to your books. I shall soon write back about the philosopher Stuart. Mercerius Vitriacensis, his kinsman, was asked by me to inquire whether he would wish to profess his art in the most famous Academy on favorable terms. I did not specify the city; wherefore, if you write to him in London, I advise that you add something about me, lest perhaps he suppose that he is being sought from both sides and delay, which he will no doubt do, if he thinks one Province to be two; and that belief will be easy to form from the fact that he is being requested from such different quarters. I received these letters from our Albertinus only eight days ago, and therefore send them only now. Farewell, you and yours, with the customary greeting from us. Paris, 8 July 1644. EPISTOLA LXXXV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. I congratulate myself whenever I think how well that plan of mine succeeds, by which I asked you to write to me in Latin henceforth: since by this means each week you teach something, and something which would not proceed so conveniently in our familiar and everyday speech. For in your latest letter you completely root out whatever difficulty remained, in the passage about Victor, of whom I must confess my astonishment, and beg that he receive his deserved punishment. And how pleasing, how clear, are all those points you argue against Donius concerning panula, planeta, easula. I beg you to continue to delight me in this way, and to spare no effort in setting forth your opinion on writers of this sort, newly come to light. Indeed I see my own judgment being instructed and strengthened by these censures of yours, while I plainly recognize that one must not at once trust everything these little scholars write. At last the Censure of the Theological Faculty against Milleterius has appeared in print, and it was softened two or three times for the sake of the three Approvers whose name was respected. As for the lofty Conciliator, it contains things by which he and his supporters, if there are any, may hereafter admit that their labor was wasted. Arnaud also, whom Bachet thought to side with him secretly, published a letter to the prelates, the approvers of his book...
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CL. S A R R A V I I tores scriptam, in qua damnatum postea librum erroris, falsitatis, & hæreseos accusare prævertit. Hæc tamen omnia nær ómoculav fieri, jactat Henotes. Credat Iudæus Apella. Sed quid huic homini facias? Eum ego, qui tam insanum sapit, Deo irato suo relinquo. Brevitatem quod tibi commendavi, factum id a me est propter argumenti, quod in manibus habes, pondus leviusculum præ illo, quod tibi postea tractandum est, Papæ scilicet Primatus, in quo absit modum ut requiram. Cæcus ille ποννεντι πονε ομματα nigrescat suis tenebris; suas amet sordes, sua vulnera. Ego hic finio cum solita salutatione, quam tibi & Cajæ tuæ debeo, reddo. De Hugenii Carminibus in tui commendationem nihil scribis, nec quis eum tibi conciliaverit. Fallor, aut Doctor Monosyllabus ea oculis aspicit parum æquis. Plura non addam foresibus pæne obrutus negotiis, quæ superiora vix exarare siverunt. A decem aut quindecim diebus calore torremur ardentissimo. Vale tu cum tua a me meaque. Lutetiæ Pari- sior. 15. Iulii 1644. E P I S T O L A LXXXVI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Bataverum. Non ita est. Exerte respondi ad quæsitum illud tuum, quo rogas an non ita sit, solere me interdum fingere plurimum mihi placere quæ scripseris, quamvis revera maxime displiceant. Nec sane is ego qui cuiquam, nedum tibi viro forti, quicquid dicam, sed non duro, sententiam meam ita largiri contra meam mentem soleam. Et possum tibi revocare in memoriam, pectoris mei robur & æs triplex, quando non ita pridem de Tetrarchia & Tetrarchis, ad fastidium molestus fui: qua potui elevando meis & aliorum quoque verbis, omnia illa, quibus opinionem tuam firmare nitebaris. Assentator sim, non amicus, si omnia incexplorato approbem, quæcumque amico semel arriserunt. Quæ supra captum meum assurgunt, silentio & prona mente revereor: sed ut calculum apponam meum iis, quæ improbo, improbus sim & audiam, si faciam. Comam tuam ad talos deductam an ulterius crescere fines? Pro una epistola, duas tresve aut plures simul de eodem argumento necete, laudabo copiam: ut immensum unam ad unum producas, erit inter exempla, quod exemplis tueri nequis. Scio varium esse & longe lateque diffusum istud argumentum; nullumque pene esse in humano capite crinem, qui suam formam non habeat; si singulas gentes percurrere lubet earumque ritus & instituta investigare. Verum ne abeant in proverbium Salmassianæ Epistola. Sollicite caveo me in meis ad B. aliquid de te vel alio quolibet excidat, quod quisquam arguere possit. Hominem intus & in cute nosse mihi jam videor summa Φιλαυνιæ ebrium, rumorum captatorem sedulum, magnorum virorum æmulum & arrosorem. Facile credo Criticam sacram
Transcription: Translated (English)
CL. SARRAVIUS to the script, in which you later blame the book of error, falsehood, and heresy. All this, however, Henotes boasts has been done very cleverly. Let Jew Apella believe it. But what are you to do with this man? For my part, I leave him, who thinks so madly, to his angry god. As for the brevity I recommended to you, I did so because the subject in your hands is somewhat lighter than that which you will later have to deal with, namely the Pope’s Primacy, in which, God forbid, I should ask for moderation. Let that blind man darken his eyes in his own darkness; let him love his own filth, his own wounds. I end here with the customary greeting, which I owe to you and to your wife, and return it. You write nothing in commendation of Hugenii’s poems, nor who recommended him to you. I am mistaken, unless Doctor Monosyllabus looks upon them with somewhat unfair eyes. I shall add no more; I am almost overwhelmed by the burdens of business, which have scarcely allowed me to write what precedes. For ten or fifteen days now we have been scorched by the most intense heat. Farewell, you and yours, from me and mine. Paris, 15 July 1644. EPISTLE LXXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdnum Batavorum. It is not so. I clearly answered that question of yours, in which you ask whether it is not my habit at times to pretend that I greatly like what you have written, although in truth it displeases me most. Nor am I the sort of man who would say anything to anyone, least of all to you, a brave man, though not a harsh one, in a way contrary to my own mind. And I can remind you of the strength of my breast and my triple bronze, when not long ago, about the Tetrarchy and the Tetrarchs, I became tiresome to the point of disgust: as far as I could, I diminished them both in my own words and in those of others, in everything by which you were striving to strengthen your opinion. I should be a flatterer, not a friend, if I approved without examination whatever once smiled upon a friend. Those things that rise above my understanding I revere in silence and with a yielding mind; but if I were to cast my own vote against the things I disapprove, I would be disapproved of and heard as such, if I did so. Do you want your hair, which has reached your ankles, to grow even further? For one letter, I shall praise two, three, or more sent together on the same subject: but if you stretch one out endlessly into one, it will be among the examples you cannot support by examples. I know that subject is various and spread far and wide; and that there is scarcely a single hair in the human head which does not have its own shape, if one wishes to go through the various peoples and examine their customs and institutions. But let the Salmasian Letters not pass into a proverb. I carefully watch that in my own letters to B. something about you or anyone else does not slip out, which anyone might be able to accuse. I seem already to know the man inside and out, drunk with the utmost φιλαυτία, a diligent seeker of rumors, a rival and gnawer at great men. I easily believe the Sacred Critic...
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EPISTOLÆ. 87 eram Capelli non statim istic excusam iri: sed habemus hic ad ipsum prototypum accuratissimum exemplum, ad quod poterit alibi editio adornari, ubi constiterit malis artibus diutius quam par sit eam trahi. Et sane liber ille hujusmodi fundamentis superstructus est, quibus ad calumniam pronum est iter. Veruntamen quicquid minitentur, collatis viribus manum conferant, & Salmuriensem professorem aggrediantur, iniquissima erit ista concertatio. An Constantinus Imperator pro punctorum antiquitate adhuc pugnat? Næ plurimum imminuta ejus apud me est eruditio, inventis glandem qui non fastidit aristis. Oblatrent quantum velint, rictuque canino obganniant, nunquam admordebunt. Dissentire a viro doctissimo cuivis liberum est, sed eum erroris revincere in suo Arcano Punctuationis Revelato post Buxtorfium, id non ausum quis audeat? Vale tu cum tua a me meaque. Lutetiar Parisior. 22. Iulii 1644. Expostulantis in modum dixit mihi amplissimus Talæus per te stare quominus omnino repatries. Vide quid ille a te exegerit, & concede vel nega. Si enim annuas, omnia plana & prompta pollicetur, si reuas, os tibi occlusum esse ait: Primatum tuum vellet jam editum esse. Post Sorbonicam Censuram Romanenses adversus Milleterium insurgunt satis acriter. Hos inter nescio quis Binardus Presbyter. Haud belle cum conciliatore agit in Parænesi ad Reginam, cui gratulatur ea Galliam moderante hanc doctrinam compressam & elisam. EPISTOLA LXXXVII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Parcam deinceps tibi obstrepere de epistolis scriptisve tuis, cum videam libertatem meam molestiam tibi creare. Accipiam cum cæteris quæ omnibus dabis, nec inposterum sollicite inquiram in Musæum tuum. Quod tamen scripsi de Comæ tuæ prolixitate, Bono animo feci, & post alios, qui hoc unum in te culpant, quod vix tollas manum de tabula. Dum ad Comam tuam me accingo, legebam heri & hodie Hadrianum Junium, qui itidem de Coma est commentatus: pauca de innumeris decerpsit, & tamen grandem librum exaravit. Modo valeas & scribas satis mihi erit. nequitias impatienter fero. Nescio cur eum perpetuo epitheto meum voces. Nunquam, mihi credas, amavi hunc hominem, nunquam vidi aut videre gestii. Amicitiam meam ambiit, qua sum facilitate respondi comiter; scripsit, rescripsi, & communibus officiis colui. Si quod me inter & illum agitatur literarum frequentissimum commercium tibi displicet, & paratus sum omni eo jure cuilibet cædere, nec gravem jacturam me fecisse arbitrabor. Pæne de singulis verbis eo in consilium, quando ad eum scribo, adeo vereor ne quid incogitanti excidat, quod statim rimosus ille omnibus patefaciat. Hoc unum
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EPISTLES. 87 I was not immediately to be excused there from Capello: but here we have, to the very prototype itself, a most exact example, to which elsewhere an edition may be prepared, when it shall have been established that by evil arts it is being drawn out longer than is fitting. And indeed that book is built upon foundations of such a sort that the road to calumny is easy. Nevertheless, whatever they may threaten, let them join forces and put hand to hand; if they attack the professor of Saumur, that contest will be most unjust. Is the Emperor Constantine still contending for the antiquity of punctuation marks? Surely his learning with me has been greatly diminished, finding a grain among husks, he who does not disdain the chaff. Let them bark as much as they wish and yelp with doglike jaws; they will never bite. It is free for anyone to differ from a most learned man, but who would dare to convict him of error in his Arcanum Punctuationis Revelatum after Buxtorf? Farewell, you and yours from me and mine. Paris, 22 July 1644. Talæus, in a complaining manner, told me at great length through you that it depends on you whether I return home at all. See what he has demanded of you, and grant it or refuse it. For if you consent, he promises that everything will be smooth and ready; if you refuse, he says your mouth is shut: he would like your Primatus to be published now already. After the Sorbonic Censure, the Romans are rising up rather sharply against Milleterius. Among them, I know not who, is a priest named Binardus. He does not act gracefully with the conciliator in the Parænesis ad Reginam , in which he congratulates her that, while she governs France, this doctrine has been suppressed and crushed. EPISTLE LXXXVII. To CL. SARRAVIUS Claudios Salmasius. Leiden. I shall in future spare you from making a disturbance over your letters or writings, since I see that my freedom is causing you annoyance. I shall receive, along with the others, whatever you give to everyone, and in future I shall not anxiously inquire into your museum. What I wrote, however, about the length of your Coma , I did in good part, and after others, who blame you for this one thing only, that you scarcely ever lift your hand from the tablet. While I was setting myself to your Coma , I was reading yesterday and today Adrianus Junius, who likewise wrote about the Coma : he selected a few things from countless ones, and yet composed a large book. If only you are well and write to me, that will be enough. I bear foolishness impatiently. I do not know why you call him my constant epithet. Believe me, I never loved that man, never saw him, nor longed to see him. He sought my friendship; with my customary readiness I replied politely; he wrote, I answered, and I maintained ordinary courtesies. If that very frequent exchange of letters between him and me displeases you, I am ready to yield to anyone whatever right I have in the matter, nor shall I think that I have suffered any serious loss. I consult with myself on almost every word when I write to him, so greatly do I fear that something might slip out unawares which that garrulous fellow would at once reveal to everyone. This one thing
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CL. S A R R A V I I unum tamen in ejus epistolis me recreat quod multa de te miscet auditu jucundissima, quæ alias nescirem, puta de Carminibus Hugenii, Thesibus Schatani & aliis hujusmodi. Iterum dico, id si tibi grave est, abrumpam omne istud commercium. De Thesibus Germani Professoris ago gratias: nec resciscet ullus eas me a te habuisse, & deinceps curabunt, quos tangit iste dolor, sequentes aliunde nancisci. Quid addam? Quereris quod variis te non vexem quæstionibus. Nihil sane mihi facilius est. Et tibi tempus erit cum magno optaveris emptum, hanc mihi non apertam a te januam ad te interpellandum. Sacra præcipue eligam, Prophana admiscebo. Ereptam tibi facultatem arguendi Heinsh, nec habere calamum tuum liberas sese exercendi, ut ita dicam, habenas, ægre ferre te video. Sed quod ex pactis conventis publice non licet, nihil vetat privatim usurpari, & aliquod solatii genus erit quomodocunque inimicum hominem impetere. In vexatissimo loco Euanlii t[ame]n [secun]d[u]m cap. XIX 29. , legit ille & levicula mutatione conturbatum locum planum facere sibi visus est. Sibi inquam; ut enim idem mihi quoque videatur, dicere non ausim, cum sæpius ex te audiverim, nihil veri homuncioni isti excidisse in opere vegrandi. Si lubet ergo examina mihi ejus animadversiones ad hunc locum; tum tuam quoque prome sententiam, si a communi diversus abis. Ego vero donec meliorem, id est tuam, nobis ostenderis, sequar emendationem & interpretationem Camerarii, quem nosti legere , licet vitiosè , cum vulgo vertat, quod hastam esse, non pilum, jam ex te didici. Nos Valemus. Vos valete. Lutetiæ Parisior. 29 Iulii 1644. E P I S T O L A LXXXVIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. T[ame]n [secun]d[u]m [ter]t[u]m de quibus nuper scribebam, animum fateor meum occupant, & in partes trahunt varias, sed minime turbant: quod affirmare non possum de tuo negotio, quod vocare solemus, aulico. Mentiar enim si dixero me ejus prospero, quem alii arbitrantur, eventu non cruciari. Unum tamen refecit, quod videam te pristinam tuam generositatem non exuere & malle istic aliquantum durare & perpeti, quam hic aureis licet vinculis detineri & forsan deludi. Sed res urget, coque magis, quod Talæus qui hoc saxum volvit, magnus est talium artifex, sibique factum satis existimat iis literis, quas ad Puteanum in suam sententiam scripsisti. Illas tamen videre non contigit, quamvis rogaverim. Sed solent ista omnia me celare: quemadmodum nec ego vicissim cum illis communico, quæ silentio premenda existimo. Mallem regium diploma cum annexis literis ad Curatores mitti, quam ad Ordines, vel ad Brasseum, qui cum faveat adversariis, saltem R. con-
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CL. SARRAVII However, one thing in his letters refreshes me: that he mingles with them many things most pleasant to hear about you, which otherwise I should not know, such as the poems of Hugenius, the theses of Schatani, and others of that sort. I say again, if that is burdensome to you, I shall break off all this correspondence. I thank you for the theses of the German professor; and no one will discover that I received them from you, and in future those whom that annoyance concerns will take care to obtain such things elsewhere. What more shall I add? You complain that I do not trouble you with various questions. Nothing, indeed, is easier for me. And there will be time, when you have greatly wished to buy it, for that door of yours, not opened to me by you, by which I may interrupt you. I shall choose sacred subjects chiefly; profane ones I shall mix in. I see that you bear it with difficulty that the opportunity of censuring Heinsh has been taken from you, and that your pen does not have free reins, so to speak, to exercise itself. But what is not permitted publicly by agreement, nothing prevents from being used privately; and there will be some kind of solace in attacking an enemy however you can. In the most troublesome passage of Euanlius, however, according to chapter XIX, verse 29, he reads thus and seemed to himself to make the troubled passage clear by a slight alteration. To himself, I say; for I would not dare say that it seems so to me too, since I have often heard from you that nothing true ever slipped from that little man’s work, though it is huge. If you like, then, examine for me his notes on this passage; then bring out your own opinion too, if you depart from the common view. As for me, until you show us a better one, that is, yours, I shall follow Camerarius’s emendation and interpretation, whom you know to read, though wrongly, when he commonly translates, as I have now learned from you, that it is a spear, not a pike. We are well. Farewell. Paris, 29 July 1644. EPISTLE LXXXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Leyden. Those three things about which I was recently writing occupy my mind, I confess, and draw it in various directions, but they disturb it not at all: which I cannot say of your affair, the court affair, as we usually call it. For I should be lying if I said that I am not tormented by the outcome of it, prosperous as others judge it to be. Yet one thing has consoled me: that I see you are not laying aside your former generosity, and would rather endure there for a time and put up with it, than here be held, though by golden chains, and perhaps be deceived. But the matter presses, and the more so because Talaeus, who is rolling this stone, is a great master of such things, and thinks he has done enough for himself in those letters which you wrote to Puteanus in support of his opinion. I did not manage, however, to see them, although I asked. But they usually hide all such things from me, just as I in turn do not share with them what I think should be kept silent. I would prefer the royal diploma, with the attached letters, to be sent to the Curators rather than to the Estates, or to Brasseus, who, though he favors the adversaries, at least R.
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consilium tuum parum promoveret. Absente Principe, quem audio in expe- ditione diutius moraturum, vel etiam præsente, facilius de te retinendo illi decernent, quam Ordines, quos fama est ab ejus nutu pendere. Nisi con- tra sentias, scribam exerte ad R. ejus partes esse, gnaviter tractare istud tui re- tinendi negotium. Dicere enim ejus æmulos (& Gothorum Legatum vel alium quempiam deus designabo) illum enixe contendere, te extruso locum tuum occupet. Noli vereri ne Epistola de Coma hic remoram asse- rat: quinimo eos potius calefaciet, quando dicent, te in Gallia commorante, nihil tale a penna tua fore expectandum. Itaque prodeat illa, statim enim ar- gumento validissimo usum se maxime apud Mazarinum monebat Advocatus ille Regius; ut etiam scripsisse me credo. Sed si hic incommodaret, istic procul dubio multum proderit. Adde etiam quem habes paratum de Mutuo, aliisque juris articulis, Commentarium. Sed aliquod post intervallum. Ita enim scripta gloriæ tuæ inservient; augebunt famam, amicos parabunt, ad- versariis os obstruent, & addent animos illis, qui te evocari ægre ferunt. Nihil melius jam succurrit. Cætera in arena expedienda sunt; & præsenti- bus vix e longinquo parabilia remedia. De ancillis provinciam Cæx meæ mandavi. Faciet illa sedulo quod desideras. Hanc proponit præcipue con- ditionem, ut facilius eas ad id itineris pelliciat: nempe pollicetur se curaturam, ut huc tuis sumptibus reducantur, si post semestrem moram nolint quacun- que de causa istic hærere & intercessionem suam offert. Timeo ne itineris maritimi & longissimi difficultates, cum Uxoris tuæ moribus, multas de- terreant. Eas tamen quibuscunque poterimus rationibus sollicitabimus & impedimenta removebimus. Postremis binis tuis Gallicis hæc habui quæ re- ponerem. Vale tu cum tua a me meaque. Lutetiæ Parisior. 5. Augusti 1644. EPISTOLA LXXXIX. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. DE prospero expugnatæ Gravelingæ successu, gratulabundus tu 'E[rgo] Ergo Ergo . Talæus eum convenit: postque officii istius functionem, Vir Eminentissime, dixit, Accedat titulis tuis reductus in Galliam SALMA- SIUS: nec minor inde tibigloria, quam ex urbis istius deditione. Hujus rei, respondit Cardinalis, plenam dudum feci tibi potestatem: Reginæ as- sensum merui; erga cæteros, quorum ea curatio est, utere illius meoque nomine, ut statim id negotium confieri possit, nec amplius trahatur. Summi viri lau- davit animum Talæus, actisque, qui finis est omnium cum dominante sermo- num, gratiis, strenue inquit mandata exequar. Intra hunc diem sperabat tum Diploma, tum alias litteras, quas sigillares vocant, paratas fore, istuc mit- tendas. Quid actum sit præterea nescio: & ab aliis rescisces. Ego interea non cessavi: amicos prenavi & cum iis de ista re consultavi, deliberavi, ne M quid
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Your plan would advance matters but little. In the Prince’s absence, whom I hear will remain longer on campaign, or even in his presence, they will more easily decide to keep you, than the Estates, who are said to depend on his nod. Unless you think otherwise, I shall write plainly to R. that it is his part to handle diligently this business of retaining you. For I shall say that his rivals—and the Goths’ ambassador, or anyone else I shall designate—are vigorously pressing that, with you driven out, he may occupy your place. Do not fear that the Letter about Coma will here raise any obstacle: rather, it will inflame them, when they say that, since you are staying in France, nothing of that sort is to be expected from your pen. So let it come forth; for that very reason that Royal Advocate used what he considered the strongest argument with Mazarin, as I believe I even wrote. But if it would be awkward here, there it will without doubt be of great benefit. Add also the Commentary you have ready on Loan and the other articles of law. But only after some interval. For thus your writings will serve your glory; they will increase your reputation, win you friends, silence your adversaries, and give courage to those who are reluctant to have you recalled. Nothing better now occurs to me. The rest must be managed on the spot; and remedies are scarcely to be had from afar for present needs. I have entrusted the matter of the maids to Cæx, my wife. She will diligently do what you desire. She especially proposes this condition, in order more easily to entice them to that journey: namely, she promises that she will see to it that they are brought back here at your expense, if after six months’ stay they are unwilling for whatever reason to remain there, and she offers her intercession. I fear that the difficulties of a very long sea voyage, together with your wife’s disposition, may deter many. Yet we shall trouble them by every means we can, and remove the obstacles. From your last two French letters I had this to reply. Farewell, you together with your own, from me and mine. Paris, 5 August 1644. EPISTLE LXXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. On the happy success of the capture of Gravelines, rejoicing you 'E[rgo] Ergo Ergo . Talaeus came to him; and after the performance of that duty, most eminent sir, he said, “Let SALMASIUS, brought back to France, be added to your titles: nor will the glory thence accruing to you be less than that from the surrender of that city.” “On this matter,” replied the Cardinal, “I have long since given you full power: I have obtained the Queen’s approval; with respect to the others whose business that is, use his name and mine, so that the business may be finished at once and no longer dragged out.” Talaeus praised the great man’s spirit, and, after giving thanks—which is the end of all conversation with a superior—he said, “I shall carry out the orders vigorously.” Within that day he hoped that both the Diploma and the other letters, which they call sealed, would be ready to be sent there. What else has been done, I do not know; you will learn it from others. Meanwhile I have not been idle: I have sought out friends and consulted with them about this matter, and I have deliberated, lest I should do something
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CL. S A R R A V I I quid Respublica litteraria & purior Ecclesia detrimenti capiat, te in Gal- liam reverso. Neque consilii locum, neque auxilii copiam habemus, nisi in mora. Non mihi, non ulli, vincere fata datur. At trahere atque moras tantis licet addere rebus. Quid alia cogitemus? DEUS PROVIDEBIT. Magno me fasce levasti assumendo tibi mediam partem tuæ . Impar eram isti oneri ferendo quod excutere meditabar, ni subsidio accurrisse. Sit ergo nostra, ita tamen ut revera, neutrius nostrum sit vel fuerit nec in solidum, nec partim. A page talem hominem adeo vanum & noxium: quinimo eo utamur, ut medico- rum filii venenis solent, ad alia venena retundenda. Rogaveras nuper mone- rem te, quid ille ad me scripsisset de Epistola Comata. Verum dicam, sum- mis laudibus eam extulit, tanquam doctissime & elegantissime exaratam, in ea haberi veram explicationem Loci Paulini, qui totius controversiæ fundus sit. Cæterum tuam sententiam cum sua, quam antea consulentibus patefecisset, coincidisse. Sed satius est autem tuæ vocem audire: itaque ipsissima ver- ba ejus in adjuncto apographio legere licebit, quæ rogo te ne dispalescant: quan- quam nihil est quod ea celata velim, cum aulus ille sit fere eadem ad te perscri- bere. Statim Morum occupabo, ne Heinianis faveat, & facile spero posse me ab illo impetrare, ne in eorum castra transfugiat, modo Respublica litem istam suam non faciat. Promiserat mihi aliquando Choëctus quidam se Croii Elenchum typis suis vulgaturum: sed statim ac Genevam rediit, a fratre occisus est, unde infectum adhuc est istud negotium. Non ita pridem acceperunt Morus, Diodatus, Gothofredus Hellenisticæ tuæ exemplaria, quæ doleo in itinere diuturnam moram fecisse culpa ejus, cui ea deferenda commiseram, dum volebam tabellariorum sumptus compendium facere, & hæc te, sera licet, munuscula eos procul dubio devinxerint, præsertim cum alia Comæ tuæ pol- licebor. Sed quando huc nobis advenient? cum enim tantis laudibus orne- tur ab æmulis opus illud tuum, quid nos amicos dicturos putas? Quanquam cavere debeo ne congeram immodicas, quia affectum meum vitio non carere existimas. De Calamohyssopi ago gratias. Epistolicas quæstiones Beverovicii videre nondum contigit, Nec verebor te hujuscemodi quæsitis interpellare, qui videam te iis non impediri. De aulico negotio nihil didici, nihil dico, nec habeo quod addam. Vale tu cum tua a me meaque. Lutetiæ Parisior. XXI. Aug. CIC ICCLIV. E P I S T O L A XC. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. P Auca omnino a me hodie habebis: plura fortasse septimana proxima: quo tempore plane Alcedonia erunt in foro nostro. Cum in eo totos dies sedeam, nihil
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CL. SARRAVIUS What loss the Republic of Letters and the purer Church may suffer by your having returned to Gaul. We have neither room for counsel nor abundance of help, except in delay. It is not granted to me, nor to anyone, to conquer fate. But it is permitted to hold it off and add delays to great affairs. What else should we think? GOD WILL PROVIDE. You have relieved me of a great burden by taking upon yourself half of yours. I was unequal to bearing that load, which I had been meditating to cast off, had you not come to my aid. Let it therefore be ours, though in such a way that, in truth, it belongs to neither of us, neither wholly nor in part. A man such as this page is, so vain and harmful: rather let us use him as physicians’ sons use poisons, to counteract other poisons. You had recently asked me to tell you what he had written to me about the Epistola Comata. To speak plainly, he praised it to the skies, as having been written most learnedly and elegantly, and said that in it there was a true explanation of the Pauline passage, which is the foundation of the whole controversy. He added, moreover, that your opinion had coincided with his own, which he had previously made known to those consulting him. But it is better to hear your voice; and so you will be able to read his very words in the enclosed copy, which I ask you not to let be spread abroad: though there is nothing in them that I should wish to keep hidden, since that fellow will hardly write anything different to you. I shall at once approach Morus, lest he side with the Heinians, and I hope easily to obtain from him that he not cross over into their camp, provided only that the Republic does not make that quarrel its own. A certain Choëctus had once promised me that he would publish Croi’s Elenchus at his own press; but as soon as he returned to Geneva, he was killed by his brother, and so that matter is still unfinished. Not long ago Morus, Diodatus, and Gothofredus received copies of your Hellenistica, which I regret was delayed a long time on the road through the fault of the man to whom I had entrusted its delivery, when I wished to save the expense of couriers; and these gifts of mine, though late, have undoubtedly won them over, especially since I shall promise them another work of your Coma. But when will they arrive here for us? For since that work of yours is adorned with such praises by its rivals, what do you think we friends shall say? Although I must be careful not to heap on excessive compliments, because you think my affection is not free from fault. I thank you for the Calamohyssopus. I have not yet had the opportunity to see Beverovicius’ Epistolicae quaestiones. Nor shall I fear to interrupt you with such inquiries, since I see that they do not hinder you. As to the court affair, I have learned nothing, I say nothing, and I have nothing to add. Farewell, you and yours, from me and mine. Paris, 21 August 1654. EPISTLE XC. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Leyden. You will have only a few words from me today: perhaps more next week, by which time the Alcedonia will plainly be on sale in our market. Since I sit there the whole day, nothing
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EPISTOLÆ. 91 nihil habeo quod scribam de aulico negotio. Deinceps per res prolatas omne istud expediet facile Talæus, talium peritissimus artifex, & cujus humeris dulce hoc onus incumbit. Gassione in Flandriam non eunte, omnis spes nostra ad Douchantium redacta est: nec vanum tamen inde auxilium auguror. Lau- næus enim meus, cui plurimum obnoxius est, operam sedulo navabit, ne preces suas insuper habeat. Quantum processit aulicum negotium, scripsit nuper Menagius, ut nudiusquintus ad me retulit: nec librum de Primatu quan- docunque supervenerit, nîn futurum. Itaque jam omnia plana, & expectandus est facilis & promptus exitus. Nec vererer optatissimum dicere, si scirem Douchantium cum Arausionensi egisse: quod si neglexerit, sane sunt res nostræ . Deus meliora, nihil enim præter vota super- est mihi. Nihil miror morove omnia illa, quæ de Spanhemii cum Heinsio conjunctione narras: hoc ipsum enim olim prædixeram, ab aliis de Germani Professoris moribus certior factus. Scripsi ad Morum, nisi alii occupassent, ad me mitteret opus Croianum, quo facto posset illorum technas eludere. Re- bus integris favebit, sat scio, nobis: sed si Magistratus prior eum aggressus sit, vereor ut potuerit obniti. Certe quicquid fiat, deridendos se omnibus pro- pinant, dum Principis obtendunt auctoritatem suæ inscitiae dicam, an pusillani- imitati? Ezechiam nempe imitati, volunt vitæ suæ tempus pace transigi. Caiæ tuæ mores tecum credo non esse ita severos, quin possit familia eos comiter colere: sed plures contra sentiunt, & si verum amamus, obruimur numero. Idque ita verum est, ut multæ, ejus audito nomine, pedem retulerint; binæ illæ de quibus proxime scripseram. Nec tamen despero alias posse ad istud iter suaderi, cum præsertim conditiones nobis nullas præscri- bas, sed omnibus acquiescas. Curabo itaque, ubi aliquas nactus fuero, ut statim Caletensem currum conscendant, ne sit poenitentiæ locus. Publica- tionem Comæ tuæ probo. Ubi ejus exemplaria advenerint, ea in amicos spar- gam. Vellem tamen ut eorum Elenchum mitteres. Iniquum enim existimo illis nonnullos donari, qui de prioribus muneribus gratias non egerint. Eorum nomina tu solus edere potes. Faciam tamen quicquid libuerit. Cum Talæus sincere agat, consultum fore arbitror Mutualicium tractatum ad eum ut alle- ges, antequam ab eo aliquid accipias: ita beneficium dederis, non reddideris. Vale tu tuaque a nobis. Lutetiæ Parisior. xxvi. Augusti. CIC ICX XLIV. EPISTOLA XCI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Batavorum. Elegans est & arguta in Aristophanis Lysistrata sententia, qua notatur dif- ferentia vetulæ virginis, & senis proci. [ ο ἡδ ἐπικον μὴν, καὶ ἐπιπλῖος, παχύ παίδανόν γεράμην.] [ πῶς δὲ γναίνὸς μικρὸς ὑποκατρὸς καὶ τῶν μὴν πλαίθρον,] M 2 δυδεῖς
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I have nothing to write about court business. In future, by the matters now delayed, Talaeus will easily bring all that to completion; he is a most experienced craftsman in such affairs, and it is a sweet burden that rests on his shoulders. Since Gassion is not going into Flanders, all our hope has been transferred to Douchantius; yet I do not, however, foresee vain assistance from that quarter. For my Launæus, to whom he is under the greatest obligation, will diligently exert himself, lest he have his petitions ignored besides. How far the court business has advanced, Menagius recently wrote, as he told me the day before yesterday; and if the book on the Primacy should arrive at any time, it will not be in vain. Thus everything is now clear, and a favorable and prompt outcome is to be expected. Nor would I hesitate to say that it is most desirable, if I knew that Douchantius had dealt with the Prince of Orange; but if he has neglected this, then indeed our affairs are in a bad state. God grant better things; for nothing remains to me except wishes. I am not at all surprised or troubled by all that you relate about the union of Spanheim with Heinsius: indeed I had long since foretold this very thing, after being informed by others about the German professor’s character. I wrote to Morus that, unless others had already taken it up, he should send me the Croian work, so that, once done, he might be able to thwart their devices. If matters remain intact, I know full well that he will favor us; but if the Magistrate has attacked him first, I fear he may not have been able to resist. Certainly, whatever happens, they expose themselves to everyone’s ridicule, while appealing to the authority of the Prince—to their own ignorance, or shall I say to their pusillanimity? Like Hezekiah, they wish the time of their life to be spent in peace. I believe Caius’s manners are not so strict with you that the family cannot treat them courteously; but many think otherwise, and if we love the truth, we are overwhelmed by numbers. And this is so true that many, on hearing his name, drew back; among them those two about whom I wrote recently. Yet I do not despair that others may be persuaded to make that journey, especially since you prescribe no conditions for us, but accept everything. I shall therefore take care, when I have found some, that they immediately board the Calais coach, so that there be no room for regret. I approve the publication of your Coma. When copies of it arrive, I shall distribute them among friends. I should still like you to send me a list of those people. For I think it unfair that some should be given copies who have not thanked you for earlier gifts. You alone can publish their names. I shall nevertheless do whatever you wish. Since Talaeus is acting sincerely, I think it would be prudent for you to assign the Mutualic treatise to him before you receive anything from him: thus you will have given a favor, not repaid one. Farewell, you and yours, from us. At Paris, 26 August, 1644. EPISTOLA XCI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. In Aristophanes’ Lysistrata there is an elegant and sharp saying, in which the difference between an old maid and an old suitor is noted: [ ο ἡδ ἐπικον μὴν, καὶ ἐπιπλῖος, παχύ παίδανόν γεράμην.] [ πῶς δὲ γναίνὸς μικρὸς ὑποκατρὸς καὶ τῶν μὴν πλαίθρον,] M 2 δυδεῖς
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CL. S A R R A V I I Verbum recte interpretes per vaticinans exponunt, consentientibus Hesychio & Suida. Sed fuerit illa , & qua ratione ab istis Virginibus procuraretur, nullum adhuc vidi qui palam faceret. Si quid tibi ea de re observatum fuerit, vel si quid ex nominis notatione exculpi possit, libentissime id a te docebor & quæso doceas. Certe per has forenses ferias, frequentius te interpellabo, & procul dubio quiritaberis nimium mihi superesse otii, quod negotia tua non satis revereatur. Sed ita olim jussisti, nec verebor tibi obtemperare, donec contrario mandato primum abrogaveris. Rivetus ipse admisit exemplum epistolæ suæ ad Colvium: & mirabar sane tuam illam esse, quam pro sua venditat, sententiam. Non enim plane faciebat satis. Quænam tua sit resciscemus, cum sarcinæ librariæ Elzevirio advenerint Non improbo consilium de refutando Heraldo: qui nuper dicebat mihi se id inaudivisse; ideoque supersedisse a gratiis tibi agendis pro libris donatis: sed pro illis, quæ se publice docturus sis, te non privato Euchastico remunerandum esse. Habere enim unde redhostiat. Lex 25. D. de Auro & Arg. leg. omnino ea est, quam ante aliquot menses notaveram, in qua dubitabundus proposueram, num legendum foret reticula id est : ut scilicet Ulpianus istius legis auctor, morem suum retinuerit, explicandi Latinas voces, haud satis vulgo perspectas, per Græcas sibi bene, aliis vero minus forsan notas: quemadmodum fecit in 1.69. D. Pro socio ex tua emendatione nundinas id est : & in 1.3.5. Servius D. de Penu legata rationes id est : histribus exemplis potest existimari, esse id doctissimo Jurisconsulto familiare. Certe H. S T. Glossæ Reticulum . Miror Douchantium reddidisse Riveto, quem & pro eo commendaveram, fasciculum, tuum vero retinuisse; nisi forte quia crassiusculus est, nequiverit tam citò commoda occasio eum ad te mittendi reperiri. Tuam ad Tolosani senatus principem curabo, Vossiusque noster qui brevi isthic erit, defert ad te alium abeodem Berterio librum de Catalania Gallica. Extemporaneum tuum carmen ad Hugenium vidi; & laudavi Musæ tuæ suavem facilitatem. Cum hæc tibi tam limpida & saporis gratissimi fluant; nescio qui fiat ut animum poeticæ studiis minus impendas. Quod olim rogavi, iterum rogo, ut quæcunque habes hujusmodi , ea seponere velis, gloriæ tuæ & eruditionis omnigenæ non vana aliquando argumenta. De negotio aulico quid hic promotum fuerit, nilul scribo, quia Menagius qui illud confectum existimat, id curæ suæ esse voluit. Sed quid apud A. effecerit paucis sed satis efficacibus verbis ex hoc argumento, quod ad ipsum ad Launæum descripsi. Vale. Lut. Paris. IX. Sept. 1313 XLIV. EPI-
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CL. S A R R A V I I They rightly interpret the word as “prophesying,” in agreement with Hesychius and Suidas. But what that practice was, and by what means it was carried on by those Virgins, I have not yet seen anyone make public. If you have observed anything about that matter, or if anything can be drawn out from the notation of the name, I should be most glad to learn it from you, and I beg you to teach me. Certainly during these legal holidays I shall interrupt you more often, and no doubt you will complain that I have too much leisure left, which does not sufficiently respect your affairs. But you once ordered it so, and I shall not be afraid to obey you until you have first revoked it by a contrary command. Rivet himself admitted the example of his letter to Colvius; and I truly wondered that that opinion was yours, which he puts forward as his own. For it did not quite satisfy. What your view is we shall find out when the bookseller's bundles have arrived at Elzevir's. I do not disapprove the plan of refuting Heraldo: he recently told me that he had heard this from you; and for that reason he had refrained from thanking you for the books you gave him. But for those public lectures that you are to deliver, he said that you ought not to be rewarded with a private Euchasticus. For he has the means to repay. The law 25, D. de Auro & Arg. leg., is exactly the one I had noted some months ago, in which I had proposed in doubt whether reticula should be read, that is, whether Ulpian, the author of that law, had preserved his usual habit of explaining Latin words, not sufficiently familiar to the common reader, by Greek ones well known to himself, though perhaps less so to others: as he did in 1.69. D. Pro socio, ex tua emendatione nundinas, that is; and in 1.3.5. Servius D. de Penu legata, rationes, that is. From these three examples it may be judged that this was familiar to the most learned jurist. Certainly H. S. T. Glossae Reticulum. I wonder that Douchantius rendered to Rivet, whom I had also recommended for that purpose, “fasciculum,” while keeping your own reading; unless perhaps, because it is rather bulky, a suitable opportunity could not so quickly be found to send it to you. I shall attend to your letter to the chief man of the senate of Toulouse, and our Vossius, who will shortly be there, will deliver to you another book from the same Berterius on Gallic Catalonia. I saw your extempore poem to Hugenius, and I praised the sweet ease of your Muse. Since such clear and most pleasing flavors flow from you; I do not know how it comes about that you devote your mind less to poetic studies. What I once asked, I ask again: that you would be pleased to set aside whatever of this sort you have, as not vain at some time proofs of your glory and of every kind of learning. As for what has been advanced here regarding court business, I write nothing, because Menagius, who thinks it is already finished, wished it to be his concern. But what he accomplished with A. in a few but quite effective words I have described to him in a letter to Launæus. Farewell. From Paris, 9 Sept. 1313. XLIV. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 93 EPISTOLA XCII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. Miseret me tui, quem, summo cum dolore animi, video tot premi adversis, cum domesticis tum externis. Sed fata viam invenient; ade- ritque DEUS OPT. MAX. cujus proprium est èn πορον ευπειν. Douchantium tamen non neglexisse amici mandata, ex mislo apographo co- gnoveris: & commodum accidit, ut Gandavensi illo Castello feliciter ab Arausionensi expugnato, hujus anni bellum sit in præcipiti, & cogitaturus sit Imperator, de reducendis in hiberna copiis. Interea Diploma Regium, quo istinc evoceris, sigillo munitum est, & pauca supersunt agenda donec mittatur. Menagius noster, qui sane apud Bautruvium sedulam operam navavit, omnia sigillatim perscribet. Petrus Puteanus commoda & incommoda tuæ in hanc Urbem profectionis, aperte, more suo, explicavit. Facile semper ego & ille, consensimus, non expedire libertati tuæ istam migrationem: tu ipse id animo quoque præsumpsisti. Ut istic fiat aliquid, quo nunc molitiones aulæ nostræ disturbentur, nostrum non est. Itaque jam expectamus, quid serus vesper vehat. Divina mihi semper visa est illa emendatio, qua Hesychium in verbo foede corruptum, pristinæ suælectioni restituisti: ut postea scilicet legatur [n]o[n] Auxiæ [n]o[n] . Nimirum ut Lycia Gigantum patria, idcirco fuerit aliquando dicta . Sed quo auctore nititur hæc duplex assertio? prima ut Lycia fuerit patria Gigantum, altera ut dicta fuerit Gigantia. Glossographis enim istis, sine teste idoneo, non esse temere fidem adhibendam jam pridem inter eruditos convenit. Nullum autem sententiæ tuæ auctorem laudasti: & Stephanus , quem memini te ad id coram citare, nihil docuit. Si aliquem alium habeas, edere quæso ne pigeat. Sal- ve tu cum tua, a me meaque. Lutet. Paris. XVII. Septembris. CIC IC XLIV. EPISTOLA XCIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. A Cerbum filiæ tuæ obitum doleo: faxit DEUS OPT. MAXIM. Aut, isto contentus funere, omnis familia, in capite præsertim, & postea in membris, sana perennet. Fecisti quod pium virum & sapientem Patrem decebat, qui ejus vitam aut mortem Divinæ Providentiæ committebas. De- bemus morti nos nostraque, meliusque novit Deus, quam nos ipsi, quid no- bis conducat. Spes Typographiæ Cadoemensis plane decollavit: & instanti quærentique mihi cur adeo inique agerent, respondit Comes Consistorianus, nec in aurem; NIHIL VOLUMUS A MANIBUS VESTRIS. M 3 Appli-
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EPISTLES. 93 EPISTLE XCII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Ludunum Batavorum. I pity you, whom, with the greatest sorrow of mind, I see pressed by so many adversities, both domestic and foreign. But fate will find a way; and GOD, the BEST and GREATEST, whose special province it is to find a way out, will be present. You will learn, however, from the copied transcript sent to me, that I have not neglected Douchantius’s instructions; and it has happened well that, the Castle of Ghent having been happily taken by the Prince of Orange, the war of this year is on the brink of collapse, and the Emperor must now be considering the recall of the troops into winter quarters. Meanwhile the Royal Diploma, by which you are to be summoned from there, has been sealed, and there remain only a few things to be arranged until it is sent. Our Ménage, who truly rendered diligent service with Bautru, will set everything down item by item. Petrus Puteanus explained plainly, in his usual manner, the advantages and disadvantages of your departure to this City. He and I have always easily agreed that such a removal would not be for the freedom that is yours; you yourself had already foreseen this in your own mind. It is not for us to bring about anything there by which the intrigues of our court may now be disturbed. And so we are now waiting to see what the late evening may bring. That correction of yours always seemed to me divine, by which, in Hesychius, a word horribly corrupted, you restored it to its original reading: namely, that it should afterward be read [n]o[n] Auxiæ [n]o[n]. Certainly, so that Lycia may have been the homeland of the Giants, it may on that account once have been so called. But on what authority does this twofold assertion rest? First, that Lycia was the homeland of the Giants; second, that it was called Gigantia. For it has long been agreed among scholars that faith should not be too hastily given to those lexicographers without a reliable witness. Yet you cited no author for your opinion; and Stephanus, whom I remember you citing to that effect in person, taught nothing. If you have anyone else, I beg you not to refuse to produce him. Farewell, you and yours, from me and mine. Paris, 17 September 1644. EPISTLE XCIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Ludunum Batavorum. I grieve for the death of your daughter Cerba: may GOD, the BEST and GREATEST, grant either that, content with that funeral, your whole family, especially in its head and afterward in its members, may continue in health forever. You did what a pious and wise father ought to do, since you committed her life or death to Divine Providence. We owe ourselves and all that is ours to death, and God knows better than we do ourselves what is good for us. The hope of the Caen printing house has completely collapsed: and when I pressed the man who was asking me why they acted so unjustly, the Consistorial Count replied, not in a whisper, WE DO NOT WANT ANYTHING FROM YOUR HANDS. M 3 Appli-
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CL. S A R R A V I I Applica aures istis vocibus; & tum veni in Urbem. Habes Schedulam ex qua doceberis quid Romæ actum sit, ut Cardinalis Pamphilius in Papam Innocentem Decimum eligeretur. Aperte favet Hispanis; nec illum magis rejiciebat nominatim Orator noster, cujus aperta intercessio neglecta est. Ne recedam a more meo; unum te rogo ex Iuvenalis Satyra VIII. Verba sunt. ----- populi frons durior hujus Qui sedet spectat TRISCURRIA patriciorum. Hoc verbum quod credo esse , varie docti explicant. Vetus Commentarius a Pithæo editus hoc loco mutilus est, nec ideo juvat hilum. Josephus Scaliger legebat transcurria; Petitus ad Leges Atticas pag. 245. tricharia: quæ omnia fateor me non capere. Tu quæso doceas post inspectum Petiti laudatum locum, qui e Tertulliano adfert aliquid animadversione dignum. Vale. Lutetia Parisiorum Calendis Octob. c13 IC XLIV. E P I S T O L A X C I V. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Ratavorum. Secundum quod duxisti funus, me quoque, qui tua omnia mea putare soleo, summo mærore confecit. Fieri enim nequit quin doloris sensu premamur acerbissimo, avulsis nostris tenerrimis visceribus. Immo Moritur qui amittit suos. Ne tamen morti istius infantis nimium illacrymes; hujus memento oraculi, . Nos interea in statione maneamus, sequuturi quotiescunque Imperator jusserit, voluerit. Negotio aulico, quia illud abrumpere nec possum nec volo, moram injicio. Penes me fuit totum hoc octiduum authenticum diploma, de te istinc evocando, dum Petri Puteani absentiam causari lubebat: sine quo, urgente licet Lullerio, qui commodum Tullo advenit, nolebam quicquam apud Rationum Magistros tentari: sunt enim illi sæpiuscule difficiles & morosi. Quicquid urgeant, ante hujusce mensis exitum res hic non potest plene confieri: quotempore, jam ingruente sæva hiemis tempestate, durum esset cum delicatulis liberis Oceano se credere. Ostendi Launæo Diploma, ad quod charta paricla scripta est, quam hodie ad amicum suum mittit a se signatam! ut nempe possit, Hagam reversus, hac occasione, cum Principe eam communicare, & quæ suarum sunt partium agere. Si nihil promoveant, suadebo ego quoque ut primo statim vere nos revisas. Nec, modo in propinquo rure, non in urbe morari velis, omnis tibi fortean libertas perierit. Silente Salmasio clamabit alta voce Walo Messalinus, & vociferabitur Alexius a Massalia, alia suppetent auxilia, sed indirecta. Ut ad scribas, quicquid amicus noster dicat, non existimo necesse esse: sed impetra a te, ut ad Bautruvium scribas, de Cardinali addita ratiuncula; cætera coram facturus, & id sufficiet. Mirati sunt Genevenses ad se datas literas de libro Croii adversus Heinsium: sed
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CL. S A R R A V I U S Listen carefully to these words; and then come to Paris. You have a note from which you will learn what was done at Rome, so that Cardinal Pamphilius was elected Pope Innocent X. He openly favors the Spaniards; nor did our envoy oppose him more distinctly, whose open intervention was disregarded. I will not depart from my usual custom; I ask you only one thing from Juvenal’s Satire VIII. The words are: ----- the brow of this people is harder Who sits and watches the patrician TRISCURRIA. This word, which I think it is, is variously explained by learned men. The old commentary published by Pithæus is mutilated at this point, and therefore helps not at all. Joseph Scaliger read transcurria; Petitus, in the Attic Laws, p. 245, tricharia: all of which, I confess, I cannot understand. I beg you to explain after examining the cited passage of Petitus, who quotes something from Tertullian worth noting. Farewell. Paris, on the Calends of October, 1644. E P I S T L E XCIV. CL. S A R R A V I U S To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Since you attended the funeral, I too, who am accustomed to regard all your affairs as my own, have been overwhelmed with the greatest grief. For it cannot be but that we are crushed by the bitterest sense of sorrow when our tenderest flesh is torn from us. Indeed, one dies when one loses his own. Yet do not weep too much for the death of that infant; remember this oracle: . Meanwhile let us remain at our post, to follow whenever the Emperor shall order, shall wish. I delay the court business, because I can neither break it off nor wish to. I have had for this whole eight-day period the authentic diploma in my possession, for summoning you from there, while he was pleased to make use of Peter Puteanus’s absence as an excuse: without him, though Lullerius urges the matter, who has just arrived from Tullus, I was unwilling to attempt anything with the Magistrates of Accounts; for they are often difficult and troublesome. Whatever they press for, the matter cannot be fully concluded here before the end of this month: by which time, now that the cruel winter storm is setting in, it would be hard to trust oneself to the ocean with delicate children. I showed the diploma to Launæus, to which a letter is written on matching paper, which he is today sending signed by himself to his friend, so that, when he has returned to The Hague, he may on this occasion communicate it to the Prince and do what belongs to his party. If they achieve nothing, I too shall advise that you come back to see us at the very beginning of spring. Nor, if you wish to stay in the nearby countryside rather than in the city, may all freedom perhaps be lost to you. While Salmasius is silent, Walo Messalinus will cry out loudly, and Alexius of Marseilles will shout; other aids will be available, but indirect ones. As for the scribes, whatever our friend may say, I do not think it necessary: but get from yourself that you write to Bautruvius, with a short note added about the Cardinal; I shall do the rest in person, and that will suffice. The Genevans were astonished at the letters sent to them about Croius’s book against Heinsius: but
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EPISTOLÆ. 95 Sed eo plene edito Arausionensis & Spanhemii precibus (nam & hunc suas addidisse verum est) nihil dari potuit. Superest ergo ut prudentissimi illi viri, qui curant Academiam vestram, dent operam, sicuti fecerunt de Epistola ad Menagium, ut, quæ nondum distracta erunt, exemplaria, redempta ad se deferantur, coram carioso idolo Leydensi, Vulcano immolanda. Sed dum ab illis cogitur Senatus, qui iddecernat, curabimus, ut aliquot seponantur, quæ legisse juvabit. Valete a nobis. Lutetiæ Parisior. 8. Octob. 1644. EPISTOLA XCV. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. D Um expecto quas mittes Professoris Germani Theses, volo apud te deponere horrible arcanum; tutis scilicet auribus. Sed vide ne displescat. Cuditur ad medium Ligerini responsio ad priores illas: jam effecta est & prælum exercet. En alterum horribilius nec minus tacendum. Refutatio t[ame]n inscribetur: ut videant ambo, quid sibi consilii capiendum sit. Hujus vanitas eum cogit librum publicare: sed causæ odium tranversum abripiet. Volunt scilicet homines nostri uti ea libertate, quam usurpavit ille, qui prior manum admovit vulneri, quod melius non tetigisse fuit. Certe malunt R. haberi adversarium apertum, quam amplius eum pati per alios occulte grassantem & pacem Ecclesiæ turbantem. Sed quis Heinsium ad meliorem mentem reduxit? An Spanhemius mirus blandimentorum artifex? an volvenda dies attulit ultro? Undecunque id provenerit, bonum factum. Sincera modo sit ea reconciliatio & perpetua, sine fuco & fallaciis. Quidni autem talem credam post coram Ecclesia palam & publice celebrata & a vobis simul sumpta? ut, qui fidem fregerit, spretum numen ultorem habeat. De Croiano libro, Genevæ excuso, nuper scripsi quæ compertissima habebam ex literis Thronchini ad Falcarium nostrum, nec dubitare debes, quin ita sit. A Moro nihil habeo, quia abest Geneva ad Patrem per ferias Academicas profectus. Cum jam te amico utatur Heinsius, videbimus an aliorum etiam velit pati probra & contumelias. Habet cum quo experiatur & prolapsam suam existimationem aliquatenus excitet. De suo se adversum Elencho turbatur Heraldus. Nudiusquartus professus est apud me post librum suum excusum, si liberum fuisset, eum se suppressurum fuisse, quia contra te scripsisset. Factum id a se, quia videret te confidentius omnes culpare & ignorantiæ accusare, quod quid esset collegium non intellexissent, cum tamen graviter ipse offenderes. De disputanti cum Heraldo: Aristidis locum non stabilire suam sententiam, quin imo illam prorsus inde labefactari; magnam quippe intercedere differentiam inter & ; posterius hoc pro sua mente belle procedere; at non de eo agi, sed tantum de .
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EPISTLES. 95 But with that having been fully published, because of the entreaties of Arausionensis and Spanhemius (for it is true that he too added his own), nothing could be given. There remains, then, for those most prudent men who take care of your Academy to see to it, as they did in the case of the Epistle to Menagius, that copies which have not yet been dispersed be redeemed and brought to them, to be sacrificed before the wretched Leiden idol, to Vulcan. But while the Senate is being urged by them to decree this, we shall take care that several be set aside, which will be pleasant to read. Farewell from us. Paris, 8 October 1644. EPISTLE XCV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. W HILE I await the Theses of the German Professor that you will send, I want to confide to you a horrible secret; to safe ears, of course. But see that it does not displease you. A reply to the earlier ones is being cooked up for the middle of Ligerinus: it has already been completed and is making the press work. Here is another, even more horrible and no less to be kept secret. Yet it will be entitled Refutation: so that both may see what course they ought to take. The vanity of this man is forcing him to publish the book; but hatred of the cause will drag him off the straight path. Our people, you see, want to use that freedom which the man before him claimed for himself, he who first laid hands on the wound, which it had been better not to touch. Certainly they prefer R. to be regarded as an open adversary rather than to suffer him any longer, attacking covertly through others and disturbing the peace of the Church. But who brought Heinsius back to a better frame of mind? Was it Spanhemius, that marvelous artificer of blandishments? or did the turning of the day of its own accord bring it about? From whatever source it came, it is well done. Only let that reconciliation be sincere and lasting, without disguise and deceit. Why should I not believe such a thing after it has been openly and publicly celebrated before the Church and jointly undertaken by you? so that he who has broken faith may have the avenging deity whom he has despised. As for the Croian book, printed at Geneva, I recently wrote what I knew for certain from letters of Thronchini to our man Falcarius, and you need not doubt that it is so. I have nothing from Moro, because he is away from Geneva, having gone to his father during the academic holidays. Since Heinsius now makes use of you as a friend, we shall see whether he will also wish to endure the reproaches and insults of others. He has someone with whom to try his luck and to stir up, at least to some extent, his fallen reputation. Heraldus is troubled on his own account by the Elenchus. The day before yesterday he told me, after his book had been printed, that if it had been allowed, he would have suppressed it, because he had written against you. He did this, he said, because he saw that you were more confidently blaming everyone and accusing them of ignorance for not understanding what the college was, although in fact you yourself were the one giving grave offense. Of the disputant with Heraldus: that he cannot establish his position from Aristides’ passage, indeed that it is utterly undermined by it; for there is a great difference between & ; the latter works neatly enough for his own view; but that is not what is being dealt with, but only with .
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CL. SARRAVIUS Trecas. Facio quod imperasti, si rusticanotia tua interpello. Voluisti scilicet ut te monerem de Picherelli Cosmopoea, & Hospitalii Carminibus, huc proximis Martinalibus tecum afferendis. Ecce autem vello, rogoque ut ea seponere velis, nec diutius istas opes orbi litterario invidias. Ut enim cum nominis tui gloria edantur, si per te liceat efficiam lubentissime. Hæc prima mandata est mihi a te causa scriptionis. Sed ecce alteram e Batavia. Eruditissimus adolescens, qui Hagæ Comitis habitat, Janus Vlitius, in eo est ut prælo Elzeviriano committat satis amplam collectionem auctorum, qui de Venatione olim & nuper scripsere. Libro titulum fecit, Venatio Novantiqua. In eo primas tenet Gratius ille anno superioris sæculi nonagesimo ab illustri vio Petro Pithæo patruo tuo, bonis literis juvandis nato, inter Epigrammata & Poematia vetera publicatus. Miratur autem ille, emendationes in eo auctore satis multas factas ope veteris codicis, cum tamen nullum alium extare audi- verit
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CL. SARRAVIUS Troyes. I do what you have commanded, if I interrupt your country leisure. You wished, namely, that I should remind you of Picherellius’ Cosmopoea and of Hospitalius’ Carmina, to be brought with you here for the coming Michaelmas. But see, I urge and beg that you would set them aside, and no longer begrudge the literary world those treasures. For if, together with the glory of your name, they are published, I will most gladly bring it about, if it be permitted by you. This was the first reason for writing assigned to me by you. But see, here is another from Batavia. A most learned young man, who lives at The Hague, Janus Vlitius, is about to entrust to the Elzevir press a sufficiently ample collection of authors who have written on Hunting, both formerly and recently. He has given the book the title Venatio Novantiqua . In it the first place is held by that Gratius of the ninetieth year of the last century, published by the illustrious Petrus Pithaeus, your uncle, born to promote good letters, among the Epigrams and old Poems. However, he wonders that in that author quite a number of corrections have been made with the help of an old manuscript, although he has heard that no other exists
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EPISTOLÆ. 97 verit præter eum, ad quem Aldus primam editionem adornavit. Me ergo ro- gat, ego te, quid factum sit illo manuscripto libro, & apud quem resederit. Apud te certe, Vir Magne, legitimum & in solidum istorum thesaurorum dignissimum hæredem. Excute ergo veteres chartastuas, & quod pridem no- bilissimæ Pithæorum genti familiare est, omnibus benefacere, studiosi ju- venis industriam juva, magnamque ab eo, maximum autem a me, qui du- dum tibi sum obnoxius, gratiam iniveris. Vale Senatus nostri magnum de- cus, meque, quod facis, amare quæso perge. Lutetiæ Parisiorum rebus pro- latis, decimo Calendas Novembres CIC DE XLIV. EPISTOLA XCVII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Grandis tua Nota de Poetis Tarsicis insignem locum obtinebit inter Laer- tianasamiculi nostri lucubrationes. Ei ego indicaveram KIlixius λόγος apud Hesychium, qui fortean iidem sunt cum τοις Ταρπικοις quos ad autorem Cyrbasim vel Cyrbasim refert, αναφηλ. Sed quis ille Cyrbasis? Nescio: vide quæso locum & perge nos docere; si tamen id tanti. De Tertulliani loco quod notaveram ιναντοφαίν, sciebam esse ιναντιον ιναργης. Sed cum de se- cundis curis mutataque sententia nihil moneres, volui binas illas notulas tibi obtrudere, ut deinceps, si ita lubeat, sciat lector te priori abjecta posteriori adhærescere. Alias inconstantiam dicent, quod revera est melius consilium. Octoniones Livianos, qui in meo exemplari desiderantur, sufficiet mittere cum iconismis tuis per aliqueni ex ducibus militibusve vestris huc redeuntibus: & spes est reductis in hiberna copiis satis multos deinceps reperiundos. Monitus Rivetus id facile curabit quod dico, quia Hagæ in aula frequentiores sunt oc- casiones, quam in Athenæo Leydensi. Nondum advenit studiosus ille cui Ebenbitarem cum Epistola de Coma tradidisti: nec amicis donanda exempla- ria comparent. Nihil est in M. præsidii. Rogatus statim promisit statimque negavit. Non audere se ea de re literas ad quenquam dare: scripta manent inquit: scisque, addebat, ita nos hic vivere debere, ne quidquam nobis imputandum ju- re an injuria veniat: & hoc verum est. Volebat poltea cum G. procurato- re ea de re coram agere, ut postea negotium ille ad dominum referret: sed co- gnito eum esse generum illius Jurisconsulti, qui jam vapulavit de Canonicis regularibus, consultius visum est, illi hoc arcanum non credere. Nullum hinc igitur amplius subsidium. Satis calide cum τῶ συγκοιδη expostulaveram, quasi essent parum solliciti Magnates vestri de te retinendo. Habes hic respon- tionis, quam mihi fecit apographum. Quanquam autem jam rejecerim con- silium, quod proposueram de inscribenda Gulielmo Principi, quam habes ad editionem paratam, Militia Latina, idem tamen suadere iterum non ve- rebor. Idque hodie ut impetrem, cogita de tuo capite, immo de tua libertate, N nam
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EPISTLES. 97 indeed not to anyone else than the one for whom Aldus prepared the first edition. Therefore he asks me, and I ask you, what has happened to that manuscript book, and with whom it has remained. With you, certainly, Great Sir, as the legitimate heir and wholly most worthy of those treasures. Therefore search through your old papers, and what has long been customary to the most noble family of the Pithæi, to do good to all, aid the diligence of a studious young man, and you will have won a great favor from him, but an even greater one from me, who for a long time have been under obligation to you. Farewell, great glory of our Senate, and, as you do, continue, I beg, to love me. Given at Paris, the tenth day before the Kalends of November, 1644. EPISTLE XCVII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Your great note on the Tarsic Poets will hold a distinguished place among our friend Laertius’s studies. I had informed him of the Cilician λόγος in Hesychius, who perhaps are the same as those τὸις Ταρπικοις, which he refers to the author as Cyrbasim or Cyrbasim, αναφηλ. But who is that Cyrbasis? I do not know: please look into the passage and continue to teach us; if, however, it is worth so much. As for the passage in Tertullian that I had noted, ιναντοφαίν, I knew it was ιναντιον ιναργης. But since you made no mention of a second revision and of a changed opinion, I wanted to thrust those two little notes upon you, so that henceforth, if you should so wish, the reader may know that you have abandoned the earlier reading and adhered to the later one. Otherwise they will say it is inconsistency, when in truth it is the better counsel. The Livian octavos, which are lacking in my copy, it will be enough to send with your emblems by some one of your commanders or soldiers returning here; and there is hope that, the troops having been brought back into winter quarters, many such will afterward be found. Rivetus, when reminded, will easily arrange what I say, because at The Hague there are more frequent opportunities in court than in the Leiden Athenaeum. That student has not yet arrived to whom you handed over the Ebenbitare with the letter on Coma; nor have copies to be given to friends been procured. There is no help in M. He promised at once when asked, and at once denied it. He dared not, he said, give letters to anyone about that matter: “written things remain,” he said; “and you know,” he added, “that we ought to live here in such a way that nothing blameworthy may be imputed to us, whether by right or wrong”; and this is true. Later he wanted to deal with G., the procurator, about it in person, so that afterward the man might report the business to his master: but when it was learned that he was the son-in-law of that jurist who has already been attacked concerning the Regular Canons, it seemed wiser not to entrust him with this secret. Therefore no further assistance from this source. I had argued rather sharply with τὸ συγκοιδη, as though your magnates were not sufficiently concerned about keeping you. Here you have a copy of the reply he made to me. Although I have now abandoned the plan I had proposed of inscribing the Latin Militia to Prince William, which you have ready for publication, I shall nevertheless not hesitate to recommend the same thing again. And in order that I may obtain it today, think of your own head, nay, of your liberty, for
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CL. S A R R A V I I nam hoc magis est comitia hic agi, si aliquando huc evoceris. Cogita quot & quanta tibi devoranda erunt studia, Parisina tecta lubeunti, ut possis unum epistolium ad eum quem dixi a te extorquere. Hoc precor , & quæso, obtineam. Alias profecto tibi deesse videberis, eritque quod causabuntur amicite aliqua, libere dicam (da veniam verbo) plus satis rebus tuis nocuisse. Plura non addam, quia mihi vena secta est & superiora satis difficulter exaravi. Vale tu cum tua a me, qui vos salvere jubeo. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. xxviii. Octobris. c13 13c xliv. E P I S T O L A X C V I I I. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. Bene an male rebus suis consulant Theologi nostri, nescio: certe liber de quo nuper ego ad te, R. dedicabitur. Si hac , quam aucupantur & captant, ejus gratiam non assequuntur, efficere conantur, ut ipse in hoc certamen descendat, nec per interpositas personas amplius subdole grassetur. Heraldus tuus jam factus est comis & civilis: Urbem circumcursat, eruditorum ambit suffragia; apud ignatos queritatur quod ipsum impetas nullo suo merito: denique nescio quæ larvæ & intemperiæ hunc agitent senem. Sibi imputet, qui quietus vivere non potuit, quod istam crucem ferat. Totum hoc rerum prolatarum tempus impendit veteribus suis scriptis recensendis in Tertullianum, Amobium & Minucium: quæritque typographum, qui velit ea excudere cum libris ad Nationes, quos Apologetico annectit. Audet etiam totum Afrum illum patrem promittere. Vercor ut isti calori frigidam tuo libello suffundas. Leculentissimam ad Ablancurtii quæsita responstionem nam cum summa voluptate fructuque legi: magnamque habeo gratiam quam ille aget plenissimam. Cum tamdiu distuleris emittere Trigam tuam de Mutuo, expectare adhuc aliquantisper juvet, & Quadrigam e carceribus effundes. Andegavensis enim ille Antecessor Germanus credit se operæ grande pretium fecisse, vultque suas contra te notationes publicare. Sed de mora tua monendus erit Talæus, cui ante trimistre librum tuum promiseras. Hodie mittitur ad Brassetum Regium Diploma cum litteris sigillatitiis ad Ordines & ad te. Tu vide ne deliberes, sed in qua es statione mancas; modo scilicet illi officio suo fungantur. Tum querentur hic satis multi, male positam sibi pro te operam, qui beneficium Principis cum amore patriæ & consuetudine amicorum conjunctum, insuper habeas; sed evanescent post octiduum omnes istæ querimoniæ. Tu vero huc si venias, totam vitam servies miserabiliter, nec, quod nosti apprime, præstabitur pacta fides. Nuper a Nuncio Pontificio rediens Mottha Valierius, dicebat coram magno virorum eruditorum confessu (ego quoque aderam) velle Apostolicum de tuo in Galliam reditu controversiam facere, te enim pestilentissimum hæreticum, Romanæ Ec- clesiæ
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CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Paris. For this very reason there is more need for the elections to be held here, if ever you are summoned hither. Consider how many and how great studies you will have to digest, if you are eager for the Paris residence, so that you may extort from the man I mentioned one little letter. This I pray for and beg that I may obtain. Otherwise you will surely seem to be failing me; and there will be something for certain friends to complain of, because, I will say freely—pardon the word—you have harmed your own affairs more than enough. I shall add no more, because my vein has been opened and I have written the above with sufficient difficulty. Farewell, you and yours from me, who bid you both be well. Paris. 28 October 1644. EPISTLE XCVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Ludunum Batavorum. Whether our Theologians are taking proper care of their interests or not, I do not know; certainly the book about which I recently wrote to you, R., will be dedicated. If they do not obtain that favor which they are fishing for and trying to catch, they are attempting to force him himself to descend into this contest, and no longer to lurk craftily through intermediaries. Your Heraldus has now become polite and civil: he rushes about the city, soliciting the votes of the learned; among the ignorant he complains that you attack him with no merit of his own. In short, I know not what ghosts and excesses are driving the old man. Let him blame himself, who could not live quietly, that he must bear such a cross. He is spending this whole delay in revising his old writings on Tertullian, Arnobius, and Minucius; and he is looking for a printer willing to publish them together with the books Ad Nationes, which he appends to the Apologeticum. He even dares to promise the whole of that African father. I fear lest you pour cold water on that enthusiasm with your booklet. I read the very savory reply to Ablancourt’s question with the greatest pleasure and profit: and I am greatly obliged, as he will be most fully. Since you have delayed so long in sending out your Triga on Mutuum, it may still be pleasant to wait a little longer, and you will launch the Quadriga from the starting gates. For that German successor from Angers thinks he has done a great service, and wants to publish his annotations against you. But Talaeus must be warned of your delay, to whom you had promised your book before the end of three months. Today a royal diploma is sent to Brasset, together with sealed letters to the Estates and to you. See that you do not hesitate, but remain in the station where you are; provided, of course, that they perform their duty. Then many here will complain that their efforts on your behalf have been badly placed, you who have attached to the Prince’s favor the love of country and the regard of friends; but after eight days all those complaints will vanish. But if you were to come here, you would miserably serve your whole life, and, as you know very well, the pledged faith will not be kept. Recently Mottha Valerius, returning from the Papal Nuncio, said before a great gathering of learned men (I was there too) that the Apostolic one wished to make a controversy over your return to France; for you, he said, are a most pestilent heretic of the Roman Church...
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EPISTOLÆ. 99 clesiæ hostem infensissimum, in Christianissimum regnum cum honore redire, immo vocari (unde si in eo esses, deberes ejici) non esse quod ferri possit. Præsta te virum, & fortunæ tuæ faber esto. Quod præstare potuimus amici, præstitimus: quod promiseram ab inexpectato auxilium, non inane, adest ecce cum Douchantio Hugenius. Dimica fortiter & defende causam tuam. Præsto adsit DEUS, cujus gloriæ tuam libertatem tribuendam verum est. Nos interea expectabimus, quod tibi consilium sederit. Tandem Epistolam Comatam legimus, sed vicibus repetitis. Quis enim uno spiritu eam legat? Interrogabat quidam satis facete, quantus futurus esset liber cujus tam grandis Epistola. Omnes sane stupent & copiam mirantur. Æmuli, quorum video te magis scire velle & explorare, quam amicorum semper faventia judicia, dicunt esse calami sine exemplo intemperantiam. Meam sententiam promere vix audeo: suspectus enim tibi sum. Sed quia verus amor in causa est, liberius quid de eo mihi videatur declarabo. Quod præcipuum erat, Paulinus nempe locus, non poterat nitidius explanari; fortiusve urgeri adversus fanaticos Dordracenos. Cætera cruditionem omnigenam, infinitam, elegantemque produnt. Alias de quibusdam, extra principale tamen argumentum, inquiram diligentius. Interea tantum monebo frustra te culpare consecrancos nostros, quod in Bibliis Gallicis summi Iudæorum sacerdotis pileum expresserint , cum teres & rotundus fuerit: & hoc postremum verissime affirms. Verum quidem est olim, hoc est ante annum Millesimum quingentesimum octogesimum octavum, quo vetus nostra versio additis iconisimis recensita est, nostros homines hunc errorem errasse, sed ab illo tempore ex sententia Hieronymi in epistola ad Fabiolam, ista Pontificialistia reformata est, nec in ullius reprehensionem incurrit. Vale tu cum tua me jam solo, mea cum parentibus peregre profecta. Lutet. Parisiorum. v. Novemb. CICIX XLIV. EPISTOLA XCIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. EO me redigis, ut de scriptis tuis, deinceps silendum mihi sit omnino. Ut enim ea, quæ docti & probi omnes in coelum efferunt, ego quoque laudem, æquo animo ferre non potes. Si etiam æmulorum ad te defero querimonia: nec illis patientem accommodas aurem, & eos statim stultitiæ & imperitiæ revincis. Hoc tamen postremum eligam, quod præ priore maxime arridet. Immo quicquid culpes & vitio mihi vertas, ab utroque meo instituto non recedam: & laudanda laudabo amicissimus, & de malevolorum suggillationibus, vel etiam nugamentis monebo. Non enim omnis amor cæcus est, ut justo nequeat secernere iniquum. Certe summus meus erga te amor, qui in virtutibus tuis altas egit radices, oculatissimus est & perspicacissimus, N 2
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EPISTLES. 99 that the most bitter enemy of the Church should return into the most Christian kingdom with honor, or rather be summoned back again (which, if you were in his place, you ought to be thrown out for), is something that cannot be endured. Show yourself a man, and be the craftsman of your own fortune. What we friends could do, we have done: what I had promised, help from an unexpected source, not empty, behold it is at hand with Douchantius, Hugenius. Fight bravely and defend your cause. May GOD stand by you, to whose glory it is truly right to ascribe your freedom. Meanwhile we shall wait for the counsel that has settled in your mind. At last we have read the long Epistle, but only by repeated turns. For who could read it in one breath? Someone asked, rather wittily, how large a book would be whose Epistle was so great. All indeed are astonished and marvel at its abundance. Your rivals, whose judgments I see you wish to know and to examine more than the constant favor of your friends, say that it is an unexampled intemperance of the pen. I scarcely dare to state my opinion: for I am suspect in your eyes. But because true affection is the matter in hand, I shall declare more freely what seems to me about it. What was chief, namely the Pauline passage, could not have been explained more elegantly, nor pressed more strongly against the fanatics of Dordrecht. The rest displays all manner of learning, infinite and elegant. Later I shall inquire more carefully into certain points outside the principal argument. In the meantime I shall only warn you that it is in vain to blame our consecrators because in the French Bibles they have represented the high priest’s cap of the Jews as pointed, when it was smooth and round; and this latter is most truly affirmed. It is indeed true that long ago, that is before the year 1588, when our old version was revised with added illustrations, our men made this error; but from that time, in accordance with Jerome’s opinion in the epistle to Fabiola, that Pontificalism has been corrected, and it does not incur anyone’s reproach. Farewell, you with yours; I, now alone, and mine, who have gone abroad with their parents. Paris, 5 November. CICIX XLIV. EPISTLE XCIX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. You reduce me to such a point that I must henceforth be altogether silent about your writings. For if I too praise those things which all the learned and good extol to the heavens, you cannot bear it with equanimity. If I even bring to you the complaint of your rivals, you do not lend a patient ear to them, and at once prove them guilty of stupidity and ignorance. Yet I shall choose this latter course, since it pleases me more than the former. Indeed, whatever you blame and lay to my charge, I shall not depart from either of my purposes: I shall, as a most friendly man, praise what is praiseworthy, and I shall warn against the slanders, or even the trifles, of the malicious. For not all love is blind, so as not to be able to distinguish the just from the unjust. Certainly my great love toward you, which has struck deep roots in your virtues, is most clear-sighted and most discerning, N 2
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CL. S A R R A V I I simus, non cæcus, non luscus. An vis ut oculos mentis corporisve eruam mihi, ut de te sanius judicem? Tu vide quid præcipias, certe non parere certum est. Placet mihi mentis hic gratissimus error, nec sartari unquam sustinebo: si me amas, & sane amas, ama me quæso cum isto amoris erga te mei metu nolui, pæpiemere, ocula pæpiemere; sine me in isto vive-re, in isto mori. Sine morem in hoc tibi a me non geri. Tu amame ut libuerit, sed patere ut amoris erga te mei modus sit, sine modo te amare. Beverovi-cii studium laudo: sed non satis capio, quomodo Comatua, Hebræo, Græ-co, Latino cultu, ornata & intertinêta, Belgicæ plebi placere poterit. An tot locorum veræ suæ lectioni restitutorum, nitorem & elegantiam capit miles, nauta, artifex Batavus, sequior integerve sexus? Impatienter expecto quid de te rebusque tuis statuerint Academica comitia. Diploma litteræque regiæ calcar currentibus & bene affectis animum addiderint. Douchantii me- morem gratumque animum exosculor. Mitto ecce alterum ex ejus ad Launæum epistola, quod si vera narrat, nec dubitare fas est, ma- gnam in spem adducor omnia ex voto nostro successura. Et in hoc triumphabo, si opera industriave amicorum meorum tibi non fuerit plane inutilis. Sed quid fiet Bullialdi nostri dedicatorio epistolio? Ejus Astrologiæ Philolaicæ editio absoluta est. Universi operis singulos libros singulis heroibus dedicavit: Unum tibi, cui inter cætera proximum in patriam a Regina regnique Primatibus procuratum reditum gratulatur. Nisi omnes ejus demonstrationes Mathema-ticæ firniiori fundamento innitantur, immensus viro optimo labor periit. Mantissam tuam ad Ablancurtii quæsita cum Menagio communicabo, qua eam ad amicum mittat. Penes me est Bochardi Commentarius Geographicus am-plissimus ad caput decimum Geneseos, in quo tui honorifica pluribus locis mentio. Multa eruditione plenum opus & in argumento sacro omnes Propha-næ literaturæ fines pererrans. Vereor ut Sommero, cui Ebenbitare commi-sisti, secius aliquid acciderit, de eo enim nihil dum audivi. Stuartii vocatio-nem ad Professionem Philosophicam ex animo tibi ipsique successisse utrique vestrum gratulor. Sed Rivetus queritur se inscio id a te gestum esse. Deum veneror ut te, tuam, tuos, tuaque omnia fortunet. Vale. Lutetiæ Paris. ipso Martinalium Novembrium dic. CIC IXC XLIV. E P I S T O L A C. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Easavorum. FAcere non possum, quin tibi assentiar, de vitioso, ante tuam emendatio-nem, Hesychiiloco: nihil tamen vetat, quin Tarsici dicti sint etiam Ci-licii; cum constet Tarsum Ciliciæ fuisse metropolim. Sed cum nihil habeam quo id probem, omnino in tua expositione, cui nihil contrarium adduxi, nec etiam adduci posse existimo, acquiescendum est. De ea ex solita formula, ago gra- tias.
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CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. We are not blind, nor one-eyed. Do you want me to tear out the eyes of my mind or body, so that I may judge more sanely about you? Consider what you are asking; certainly I am resolved not to obey. I like this most delightful error of my mind, and I shall never endure to have it repaired: if you love me, and truly do love me, love me, I beg you, with that fear of my love toward you; I did not wish for half-blind, half-seeing eyes; let me live in that state, let me die in that state. Do not expect this custom to be kept by me toward you. Love me as you please, but allow that there be some measure to my love for you—allow me to love you without measure. I praise Beverovicius’ zeal; but I do not quite see how Comatua, adorned and embellished with Hebrew, Greek, and Latin culture, will be able to please the Dutch public. Will a soldier, sailor, artisan, or the common Batavian, whether of the gentler or of the upright sex, derive from the many places restored to their true reading the polish and elegance you speak of? I eagerly await what the academic assembly has decided about you and your affairs. May the diploma and the royal letters spur on those who are already running and well disposed, and add courage to them. I embrace Douchantius’ grateful remembrance and grateful spirit. Behold, I send another passage from his letter to Launæus, which, if it tells the truth—and there is no reason to doubt it—gives me great hope that everything will succeed according to our wish. And in this too I shall triumph, if the work and diligence of my friends has not been entirely useless to you. But what will become of the dedicatory little letter of our Bullialdus? The edition of his Astrologia Philolaica is completed. He dedicated the individual books of the whole work to individual heroes: one to you, in which among other things he congratulates you on your return to your homeland, procured by the Queen and the leading men of the realm. Unless all his mathematical demonstrations rest on a firmer foundation, the immense labor of that most excellent man is lost. I shall share your supplement with Menagius regarding Ablancurtius’ inquiry, so that he may send it on to a friend. I have in my possession Bochard’s very extensive Geographical Commentary on the tenth chapter of Genesis, in which there is repeated honorable mention of you in several places. It is a work full of great learning, and in a sacred subject traversing all the boundaries of profane literature. I fear that something untoward has happened to Sommerus, to whom you entrusted Ebenbitare; for I have heard nothing about him as yet. I congratulate both you and him on Stuartius’ appointment to the Philosophical Professorship, which has turned out well for both of you from the heart. But Rivetus complains that this was done by you without his knowledge. I worship God that He may grant fortune to you, yours, and all that belongs to you. Farewell. Paris, on the very day of the Martinias of November, 1744. EPISTLE C. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. I cannot but agree with you about the faulty passage in Hesychius, before your emendation; yet nothing prevents the name “Tarsici” from having been applied also to Cilicians, since it is clear that Tarsus was the metropolis of Cilicia. But since I have nothing by which to prove this, we must altogether rest in your explanation, against which I have produced nothing contrary, nor do I think anything contrary can be produced. For this, according to the usual formula, I give thanks.
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EPISTOLÆ. 101 tias. Jam de nonnullis plane curiosis, te interrogabo, quæ in Epistola Co- mata maluisti non exprimere clarius. Videlicet quod sit illius Divionensis Senatoris nomen, qui risu emortuus sit, dum videret obesulum virum in equum frustra annitentem? Ego etiam, cum istud spectaculum mihi ob oculos pono, a risu temperare nequeo: ob quod tamen, nec in rem præsentem, vita fungivellem. Contendistonsuram clericalem Gregorio Magno demum sedente, in Ecclesiam Romanam introductam esse; hoc est sexto sæculo: contra tamen facere videtur Synesii, qui quinto sæculo vixit, locus a te allatus. Quare enim Cyrenes Episcopus tibi diceret esse , nisi sacras inter Ecclesiæ cærimoniae hæc tonsura celebrari tum esset solita? Præterea sciam libentissime, quo in loco Burgundiæ tuæ, vel Galliæ nostræ, nuptæ & viduæ eum capitis cultum præferant, qui a te notatus est pag. 643. Hoc enim tibi videtur. Sed maxime scire velim nomen istius fanatici Dordraceni, qui tantam tibi gloriæ segetem sua vesania dedit. Nescio cur perpetuo Uxerium voces Armachanum Antistitem, qui se perpetuo Usserium dicit: curve Nicanam Synodum, quæ Nicena scribi debet, cum Græce scribatur Nixivs, non Nixivs. Sed hæc leviuscula n . Vides quam multa te rogem? sed ea omnia nullo negotio profligabis. Alias vererer tibi grave onus imponere. Heraldus etiam meam gratiam captat, frequenter invisit. Quod scripseris eum misere hallucinatum de Canonicis Regularibus fert impatientissime. Immo, inquit, præstabo me verum dixisse, nec in ejus reprehensionem propterea incidere debuisse: habeo quod reponam, & semel adhuc in eum insurgam, postea faciat quod voluerit. Bene de eo sum meritus. Hanc jam a me init gratiam, ut contumeliose Jurisconsultum appellet. Jurisconsultus sum fateor, ipse de mutuo alienationem non esse ita disputat, ut constet Jurisconsultum non esse omnes, qui ita consent. Si Schotanus ei accedat, nec ambo poterunt veritati creare præjudicium. Otiosi illi sunt, quibus vacat quodlibet effutire. Ego in forensi vita occupatissimus istis nolo detineri. Modeste scripsi. Etiam cum ab eo dissensi, cum honoris præfatione designavi: ille autem, virum novi, sibi non temperabit. Hoc me male habet, quod ejus amicitiam, quam magni faciebam, mihi periisse nulla mea noxa videam. Talia ille multa n . Tu vero age quod agis, nec auctor tibi sim ut ob ejus timorem, iracundiam, minas ab incepto desinas. Jacta sit alea. Nec id me male habet, sed tantum quid literæ Regiæ istuc missæ effecerint, nec ne. Quod proxima septimana nescire gestiam. An ex quo Beverovicius Epistolam tuam Belgicam fecit, populus exuit labem ? qua turbabatur Ecclesiæ Dordracenæ . Interea Deo!commendo n , n . n , n . Etiam uxor, quæ domum reversa est, una salutat. Lutetiæ Paris. XIX. Novemb. CIC XLIV. N 3 EPI-
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LETTERS. 101 you. Now, as to some matters that are quite curious, I shall ask you about those which in the Epistle Co- mata you preferred not to express more clearly. Namely, what is the name of that Senator of Dijon who died of laughter while he saw a fat little man striving in vain to mount a horse? I too, when I place that spectacle before my eyes, cannot refrain from laughing: though for that reason I would not, even in the actual case, wish to die. You contend that the clerical tonsure was introduced into the Roman Church only when Gregory the Great was seated in the chair; that is, in the sixth century: yet the passage from Synesius, who lived in the fifth century, that you have cited seems to argue against this. For why would the Bishop of Cyrene say that to you this was so, unless this tonsure were then accustomed to be celebrated among the sacred ceremonies of the Church? Moreover, I should very gladly know in what place in your Burgundy, or in our France, married women and widows wear that head-dress which you noted on page 643. For this, it seems, to you . But especially I should like to know the name of that fanatical man of Dordrecht, who by his madness supplied you with so rich a harvest of glory. I do not know why you continually call the Archbishop of Armagh Usher, who continually calls himself Usserius; why the Nicene Synod, which ought to be written Nicena, when in Greek it is written Nixivs, is not Nixivs. But these are trifles n . You see how many things I ask of you? but you will dispose of them all without difficulty. Otherwise I should be afraid to lay a heavy burden on you. Heraldus also seeks my favor; he visits often. What you wrote, that he had miserably blundered about the Regular Canons, he takes most impatiently. Nay, he says, I shall prove that I spoke truly, and therefore ought not to have incurred his reproach: I have something to answer, and once more I shall attack him; afterward let him do what he will. I have deserved well of him. He now begins to earn from me this favor: to call the jurist a man of abuse. I am a jurist, I confess; he himself argues about loans and alienation in such a way that it does not follow that all who agree in that way are not jurists. If Schotanus join him, even then the two of them will not be able to create prejudice against the truth. Those are idle men who have leisure to blurt out anything whatsoever. I, occupied as I am in forensic life, do not wish to be detained by such people. I wrote modestly. Even when I disagreed with him, I prefixed a respectful preface; but he, as I know the man, will not restrain himself. What troubles me is that I see his friendship, which I valued highly, lost to me through no fault of mine. He has said many such things n . But you go on as you are going, and do not let me be the one to advise you to abandon your undertaking for fear of his anger, his rage, his threats. Let the die be cast. And this does not trouble me, except only what effect the Royal letters sent there have produced, or not. I am eager to know this next week. Whether, since Beverovicius made your letter Dutch, the people have cast off the stain by which the Church of Dordrecht was disturbed? Meanwhile I commend to God! n , n . n , n . My wife also, who has returned home, sends greetings with me. Paris, Nov. 19, 1644. N 3 EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Nuper æger & , Gallice, alienaque manu, aliorum scripsi cum querimonias, tum spes meas. Iam autem paulo valentior, ad consuetum revertor officium. Et ante omnia, DEO OPT. MAX. ago gratias immortales, quod tibi firmum immotumque propositum dederit istic manendi, spretis aulicis nostris offuciis. Certe licet omnia etiam tuta timerem, hoc ipsum tamen quod a te potissimum pendere sciebam, a virtute summa, eximiaque pietate tua semper mihi sum pollicitus. Hominum nostrorum inanem, de te huc evocando, laborem, sæpe apud me ridebam, sæpissime indignabar. Nec vana spe lactabar n Krei honorem votis & conatibus, quantumvis tenuibus, non desuturum. Hac ego fiducia sustentatus bene ominari non destiti Bene sit Launæo, Douchantio, Vosbergio, Hughenio, Bonchorstio, Vevelichonio, Spanhemio aliis omnibus, sed præsertim bene sit, bene sit Serenissimo Arausionensi; qui consilio, opera, re, opus istud ad optatum exitum perduxere. Ut enim contrariis Caix tuæ votis ullo modo movearis, ut possit illa hoc disturbare, non estere, dignitatevetur. Quamvis enim auctius illud stipendium modicum sit, at certum est & securum, nullis per urbem discursationibus vel saluationibus potentiorum frequentioribus parabile. Manet tibi libertas illibata, honor integer, quæ salvalit, nisi cum summa difficultate, retineri a te non poterant. utere fruere diutissime; hæc votorum meorum summa est, hic cumulus. Bullaldum hodie vel eras mihi assumam, qui mecum in Bibliothecam Regiam ascendat, ut diligentius & investigemus Basilium Patricium; nec fieri potest, ut post tot tantaque a te data indicia sagacitatem nostram effugiat. Postea ocyus describam desideratum caput & ad te mittam. Proxime, quod jam rogas, misi, pariculum regli Diplomatis: simillimum est illi, quod cum Principe Douchantius communicavit, alterique quod Briennæus comes misit, vel mittere debut: & authentico omni ex parte consentaneum. Ego qui ea omnia vidi & religiose ab amanuensi meo describi curavi, sancte id affirmo; & verissimum esse præsto; præter signa eorum, qui de exempli juxta exemplar veritate testimonium locupletissimum perhibent. Inter eos non scripsit Iustellus, quia Secretarii regii munere, quod in filium transdidit, se abdicavit. Filius autem scribit satis inscite, nec idcirco ejus manu uti consultum judicavi. Ego quoque de Ebenbitare valde sum sollicitus, nec quid omnero acciderit rescire notui. Penes me est Astronomiæ Philolaicæ Bullialdi nostri exemplar unum ad te mittendum, quod prima quaque occasione ad te curabo. Liber est satis grandis, forma, quam in folio vocant, in duodecim partes divisus: singulas singulis hoc ordine inscriptæ Coadjutori Gondio, Tolonensi Episcopo Da- næsio,
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Claude Salmasius. Leiden, Batavia. Lately, being ill and, in French and by another hand, having written my complaints as well as my hopes, I now, being somewhat stronger, return to my customary duty. And first of all I give immortal thanks to GOD, BEST, GREATEST, that He has given you a firm and unshaken resolve to remain there, despite our courtly inducements. Certainly, even if I feared everything, even what was safe, I had always nonetheless assured myself of this very thing, which I knew depended above all on you, on your highest virtue and exceptional piety. I often laughed to myself, and even more often was indignant, at the vain labor of our people in summoning you here. Nor did I flatter myself with a vain hope that honor would not be lacking to my vows and efforts, however slight. Supported by this confidence, I did not cease to take good omens. Good be to Launæus, Douchantius, Vosbergius, Hughenius, Bonchorstius, Vevelichonius, Spanhemius, and all the others; but above all good be, good be to the Most Serene Prince of Orange, who, by counsel, labor, and resources, brought this work to the desired end. For, lest you be in any way moved by contrary wishes of your Caix, lest she be able to disturb this, it does not come to pass, nor is it diminished in dignity. For although that increased stipend is modest, it is certainly fixed and secure, and cannot be matched by any frequent running about the city or the more frequent petitions of the great. You retain your liberty intact, your honor entire, which, unless with the greatest difficulty, could not have been preserved by you. Use and enjoy them as long as possible; this is the sum of my wishes, the total of them. Today or tomorrow I shall take Bullaldus to accompany me to the Royal Library, so that we may examine Basilius Patricius more carefully and in detail; nor can it be that, after so many and such great indications given by you, he should escape our shrewdness. Afterwards I shall copy the desired chapter as quickly as possible and send it to you. Recently I sent, as you ask, a small portion of the royal diploma: it is very similar to that which Douchantius communicated to the Prince, and to another which the Count of Brienne sent, or ought to have sent; and it agrees in every respect with the authentic copy. I, who saw all these things and took care that they be faithfully copied by my amanuensis, solemnly affirm this; and I guarantee that it is most true, apart from the signatures of those who bear the fullest testimony to the truth of the copy in comparison with the original. Iustellus did not sign among them, because he resigned the office of royal secretary, which he transferred to his son. But the son writes rather clumsily, and for that reason I judged it prudent not to use his hand. I too am very anxious about Ebenbitare, and have not been able to learn what on earth has happened to him. I have in my possession one copy of our Bullialdus’s Astronomia Philolaica, to be sent to you, and I shall see to it that it is sent to you at the first opportunity. The book is fairly large, in the format called in folio, divided into twelve parts: each part is inscribed in this order to the Co-adjutor Gondi, to the Bishop of Toulon Danæsio,
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EPISTOLÆ. 10; næsio, Rigaltio, Præsidi Pontaco, Salmasio, Druso, Ambraeo, Petro Pu- teano, Lullerio, Gassendo, Jacobo Puteano, Jacobo Augusto Thuano & Naudæo. Sed facere non possum, quin hic addam aliquam partem illius ad te epistolæ, cujus etiam participem faciam Rivetum. Ut tibi honorem habeamus, exemplo suo præeunt Rex ipse Christianissimus, optimaque Mater ejus Re- gina, quique onus rerum administrandarum sustinent viri sapientes & de fama totius regni solliciti, qui te patria tua decus, in eam honorifice revocant, nec exteram gentem spoliis ac ornamentis nostris diutius superbire pati queunt; quod certe gloria ipsorum non minus cedet quam tuæ. Gaudium quod in si- num tuum effundo amplectere, latitiam tibi significans, quam animis nostris injicit reditus tuus nobis expectatus. Interim Vale Tu & Tua, cui casta ta- veat Lucina. Lutetiæ Parisiorum II. Decemb. CIC ICX LIV. EPISTOLA CH. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. DE certo consilio propositoque tuo istic manendi (ut ibidem aliquando quiescant ossa tua molliter) nunquam dubitavi: nec apud me adeo sol- licite causam istam agere debes. Scio etiam quibus difficultatibus torquea- ris, & præcipuam tuam esse, nec parum difficilem, curam ut eas cures. Quæ olim decumbens dictaveram, ea ex aliorum mente, neutiquam ex mea, erant: etsi autem ea duriora forsan existimaveris, scito tamen me plus satis ea emol- livisse. Terrium quod duxisti filiolæ funus, argumentum Caix tuæ suppe- ditabit de irato coelo conquerendi, cujus inclementiam, sane asperam in re omnium tenerima, experimini. Sed silentio venerari oportet Superorum, non dicam injurias, sed plagas & calamitates; quemadmodum de beneficiis non loqui impium est & nefarium. Ab hac aula nihil tibi est formidandum: nisi enim Magnates ab amicis tuis moveantur & impellantur, vix de te cogita- bunt. Illi quippe litteras litteratosque omnes, ut parum eruditos homines decet, negligunt. Nihil itaque hic fiet nisi quod volueris, cum id omne a te pendeat: nec stabis inde vel cades nisi tuo arbitratu. Prolixioris operis edendi quam habere te affirmas voluntatem laudo, ut trahatur tempus in me- diam æstatem: interea de arte alia cogitandum erit, ut autumus etiam acce- dat; aderitque adjutor DEUS, qui nunquam suis defuit. Ut alia dicam, non sine ratione infaniebat Heinsius, quando omnem movebat lapidem, ut Bitt- terensis Ecclesiastæ nascentem Genevæ scetum disturbaret. Si quid enim ei veteris adhuc famæ superesset, post acceptas a te strages, id sane facili negotio profligaret Joannis Croii sacrarum & historicarum observationum in novum foedus pars prior, quæ jam hic prostat & in omnium manibus versatur. Sola fere prolegomena doctissimus adversarius attingit, & tamen nisi te excipiam omnes mirabuntur, quot & quanta ineptiæ & iuscitiæ monstra debellet, im- peri-
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...næsio, Rigaltio, Præsidi Pontaco, Salmasio, Druso, Ambraeo, Petro Puteano, Lullerio, Gassendo, Jacobo Puteano, Jacobo Augusto Thuano & Naudæo. But I cannot refrain from adding here some part of that letter to you, of which I shall also make Rivet a sharer. In order that we may do you honor, the Most Christian King himself leads the way by his example, together with his excellent Mother the Queen, and those wise men who bear the burden of administering affairs and are concerned for the reputation of the whole kingdom; they call you back honorably to your native land, your country's glory, and can no longer allow a foreign nation to grow proud for long with our spoils and ornaments; which indeed will redound no less to their glory than to yours. Accept the joy I pour into your bosom, indicating to you the delight which your return, long expected by us, casts into our hearts. Meanwhile farewell, you and yours, for whom chaste Lucina may have care. Paris, 2 December, 1654. EPISTOLA CH. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. I have never doubted your fixed purpose and resolve to remain there (so that your bones may one day rest softly there); nor need you plead this cause with me with such great anxiety. I know also what difficulties you are being tormented by, and that your chief concern is to see to them, and not without difficulty. What I once dictated while lying ill was from the mind of others, by no means from my own; and though you may perhaps have thought those things rather harsh, know nevertheless that I have softened them enough. The burial of your little daughter, which you had to endure for the third time, will supply your Caia with a reason to complain of the angry heavens, whose harshness you are experiencing in a matter of all things most tender. But the injuries, I will not say, but the blows and calamities of the higher powers must be revered in silence; just as it is impious and wicked not to speak of benefits. You have nothing to fear from this court: for unless the great men are moved and driven by your friends, they will scarcely think about you. Indeed, they neglect all letters and all men of letters, as befits men of little learning. Nothing therefore will be done here except what you wish, since it all depends on you: nor will you stand or fall there except at your own discretion. I praise your intention, which you say you have, of publishing a longer work, so that time may be drawn on until midsummer; meanwhile something else will have to be thought of, so that autumn also may come on; and God, who has never failed his own, will be present as helper. To mention other matters, Heinsius was not without reason so mad, when he moved every stone in order to upset the rising sect of the Ecclesiast of Bit-terense at Geneva. For if anything of his old reputation still remained, after the blows received from you, he would certainly soon destroy it with ease. The first part of John Croius's observations, sacred and historical, on the new covenant, which is now published here and is in everyone's hands, hardly touches the prolegomena; and yet, unless I except you, all will wonder how many and how great monsters of folly and ignorance he will overthrow, the impu-
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CL. S A R R A V I I peritiam, negligentiam, oscitantiam, angiori illius Criticorum Solis omnibus paginis pagaderum . Etiam Hellenisticæ somnia vocat ad partes, ipsissimisque utitur rationibus, quas olim in eodem argumento laudavisti, ut eas ex libris tuis descripsisse videatur. Certe per tua incedit vestigia, nec nomen tuum ei unquam in ore, nisi cum aliquo meritissimo & dignissimo elogio. Perit funditus Batavus Exercitator. Proceram illam quercum securis tua dejecit, omnium jam patet injuriæ piis anis zuluestai . Sunt tamen satis multa invidiosius proposita & cavillatoria, quæ pressius examinata, leviuscula, si non falsa, judicabuntur. Posteriorem partem pollicetur vir eruditissimus, & audio eam jam affectam esse; quod tamen vulgandum non est, ut incautum feriat alterum hoc telum. Hic Petrus Marca librum edidit de Primatu Lugdunensi, aliisque Primatibus: nondumeum legere vacavit: quod ubi attentius exequi datum fuerit, tum ad te scribam quid rei sit, & si ita videbitur, mittam; sunt enim ista tui fori. Vale. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. XVII. Decemb. 1313 XLIV. E P I S T O L A CIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Samasio. Lugdunum Bataverum. Tibi puerperæque tuæ gratulor de nova columna, qua domum tuam fultam ornatamque scripsisti. Pro tribus filiabus, quas sibi Æternus & Bonus Pater assumpsit, qui unum filium reddidit, plus donavit quam accepit. Illæ sane ut plurimum familiarum sunt impedimenta; mares vero, vere sulos tuv oikos . Cæterum in hoc triumpho, quod omnino consilium meum Militiam tuam mihi non inscribendi, tibi placuerit. Regium illud munus privatam fortunam meam superabat, ut apprime Principem decebit. Sequere ergo omni ex parte sententiam meam, alias; Hac dicam mea sunt, injiciamque manus. Solis quippe Regum filiis Imperatorumque nepotibus cedere didici, ubi de gloria & immortalitate agitur. Interea abunde erit mihi amicitiæque nostræ, in alicujus opusculi tui angulo & recessu nomen meum legi. Erravi nuper, nec Amyraldi librum videram, cum ad te scripsi ejus tractatum de vitæ termino editum esse cum aliis opusculis Riveto nostro inscriptis. Ita id esse ab aliis intellexeram, quod verum non est. Exiguo volumine continentur dissertationes Theologicæ quatuor. Adversus Bergium & Spanhemium binæ, utriusque nomine tacito. Tertia est de Oeconomia personarum in operibus divinis. Postrema de jure Dei in creaturas. Auctor ante octiduum curavit unum exemplar ad virum dignitate amplissimum, omni virtutum genere præstantissimum, sibi unice colendum, SS. Theologiæ Doctorem ac Professorem dignissimum & Ecclesiæ, quæ Hagæ Comitis est, Pastorem vigilantissimum A. R. In Diatriba, quæ Gratiam Universalem statuit, sunt quædam gamma disputata, quæ vereor ut æquo animo ferat eruditissimus Adver-
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CL. SARRAVII skill, negligence, drowsiness, angiori of that Sun of the Critics for all pages pagaderum . He even calls in the dreams of the Hellenistic school to the argument, and uses the very same reasons, which once you praised in the same subject, so that he seems to have copied them from your books. Surely he walks in your footsteps, and never does your name come to his lips except with some most deserving and worthy eulogy. The Batavian Exercitator is utterly ruined. That lofty oak your axe has felled; now the wrong done to all is plain piis anis zuluestai . Yet there are quite a number of things proposed in a more envious and captious way, which, when examined more closely, will be judged somewhat trifling, if not false. The latter part is promised by a most learned man, and I hear that it has already been set in motion; yet it is not to be published, so that another blow may strike the unwary with this weapon. Here Peter de Marca has published a book On the Primacy of Lyon and other Primacies: I have not yet had time to read it; when I have been able to carry out a closer examination, then I shall write to you what the matter is, and, if it seem fit, I shall send it; for these are matters for your forum. Farewell. Paris, in Paris. 17 Dec. 1313 XLIV. E P I S T O L A CIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S to Claudius Saumaise. Leiden, Batavia. I congratulate you and your wife on the new column with which you wrote that your house is supported and adorned. For three daughters, whom the Eternal and Good Father has taken to himself, who gave back one son, he gave more than he received. Indeed, daughters for the most part are burdens to households; sons, however, truly sulos tuv oikos . But in this triumph, I am altogether pleased that my intention of not inscribing your Military Work to me has pleased you. That royal gift surpassed my private fortune, as it will especially become a prince. Follow therefore in every respect my judgment, otherwise; Hac dicam mea sunt, injiciamque manus. For I have learned to yield only to the sons of kings and the grandsons of emperors, when glory and immortality are at stake. Meanwhile it will be enough for me, and for our friendship, if my name is read in some corner and recess of one of your little works. I erred recently, and had not seen Amyrald's book, when I wrote to you that his treatise On the Term of Life had been published with other little works dedicated to our Rivet. So I had been informed by others, which is not true. In the small volume are contained four theological dissertations. Two against Bergius and Spanheim, with the names of neither mentioned. The third is On the Economy of the Persons in the Divine Works. The last is On the right of God over creatures. Eight days ago the author took care to send one copy to a man most eminent in rank, and outstanding in every kind of virtue, whom he alone reveres, a most worthy Doctor and Professor of Sacred Theology and a most vigilant Pastor of the Church which is at The Hague, A. R. In the Diatribe which establishes Universal Grace, there are certain things gamma discussed, which I fear that the most learned man may not bear with an even mind. Adver-
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Adversarius, eaque sine fastidio concoquat. Sunt enim animis Coelestibus etiam suæ iræ. Aderat mihi nudius tertius Joannes Croius, qui occasione nationalis Synodi in urbem venit. Habere se dicit ad editionem paratos vi- ginti tres alios libros priori omnino similes, in quibus non belle habetur Do- ctor Monosyllabus. Ubi advenerint Epistolæ Comatæ, una tuo nomine do- nabitur. Tu autem [n]o[n] [con]traxisse extrude, quam habes adversus Caussidicum Pa- risiensem paratam, defensionem tuam, immo & aggressionm. Audi homi- nis [con]tra [con]vocariar: audet quippe in te iterum insurgere. Dixit mihi Olivarius Devarennes, qui ejus Res judicatas parum vendibile mercimonium expertus est, se recusasse typis suis committere libellum, quem contra Salmasium a se scriptum ostentabat. Efficiet aliquis Loyalita ut typographum inveniat. Certe si quid hujusmodi contingat, non parcam pecuniæ tuæ & [con]troumæ hominis furiosi literis meis includam. Verum occupa ejus sauces comprimere, alias rabula ille non obtundet. Sed an rursum adversus hunc [con]vocari[us] calamum stringes? Nolim factum: quin imo ut omnia ista deliramenta senilia spernere velis [con]troumæ [con]q[ui]d [con]tra [con]vocari[us] [n]o[n] [con]troumæ. Quis enim modus tot refellendarum ineptiarum, in quibus quicquid dicas, mul- tum tibi perire temporis necesse est. Ne queraris me nullum tibi suggerere argumentum scriptionis: en tibi ex notis tuis ad Historiam Augustam pag. 287. [Boetiam] vocant veteres libri, quæ est [B]aotia. Multos vidi versavique libros manu exaratos; verba tua legi, nusquam aliter hujus Provinciæ nomen in illis scriptum inveni. De cujus scriptura ratione dicam ad Solinum, vel doce ubi id illic docueris, sedulo enim quæsitum non reperi, vel jam id silu- bet expedi. Præterea in Epitaphio Mariæ Scotorum miserabilis Reginæ, apud Cambdenum in Annalibus Elizabethæ, quid est TACITUM RE- GALE? quis unquam jus regium [n]o[n] [con]tra [con]vocari[us] [con]vocari[us] it[em] ita vocavit? An veterum aliquis [con]tra [con]vocari[us] Regum Regale simpliciter dixit; ut tacitum regale sit jus regium per se, ut loquuntur in scholis, & sine ulla explicatione, satis monere Reges sui officii. Hæc mira loquutionis formula mihi vi- detur & ad veterum puritatem parum accedere. Istud mihi quæso enarrare velis. Interim Vale tu cum tua, ætne & mea. Lutetia Parisiorum pridie Cal. Ianuarias. Anno [CCCIX] [DCCXLV]. EPISTOLA CIV. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Fervet jam Synodus nostra, & parum adhuc convenit delegatis Patribus. Jurievius Molinæi gener statim concionem habuit parum modestam ad populum. Ecclesiæ [con]troumæ [con]troumæ de ea expostulavit apud Synodum, caveret scilicet illa, ut quos ad Homilias præponeret deinceps, minus proterve loque- rentur. Commendaverunt Oratores Ecclesiam Parisiensem, tum a pruden- tia
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Adversarius, and may he digest it without disgust. For even heavenly minds have their own anger. The day before yesterday Joannes Croius came to me, who came to the city on the occasion of the national Synod. He says he has ready for publication twenty-three more books, entirely similar to the former ones, in which Doctor Monosyllabus is not treated very favorably. When the Epistolæ Comatæ arrive, one copy will be presented in your name. But do you, for your part, bring forth the defense you have prepared against the Parisian lawyer, rather your defense and indeed your attack. Listen: the man is calling against you; for he dares to rise up against you again. Olivarius Devarennes, who found his Res judicatas a rather unsellable commodity, told me that he had refused to commit to his press the pamphlet which he showed as written by him against Salmasius. Someone, perhaps Loyalita, will manage to find him a printer. Certainly, if anything of that kind happens, I shall not spare your money and I shall include in my letters the writings of that furious man. But first be quick to suppress his attacks; otherwise that lawyer will not be restrained. But will you then again take up the pen against this man? I would not have it done; rather, I would wish you to scorn all those senile ravings. What possible method is there for refuting so many foolish things, when whatever you say must inevitably cost you much time? Do not complain that I offer you no argument for writing: here, from your own notes on the Historia Augusta , page 287, “the ancients call it Boetiam , which is Baotia .” I have seen many handwritten books and turned them over; I read your words, and nowhere in them did I find the name of this province written otherwise. I shall speak of the manner of this spelling to Solinus, or else explain where you taught it there; for after careful search I found it nowhere, unless you now choose to settle it yourself. Moreover, in the epitaph of Mary Queen of Scots, that unfortunate queen, in Camden’s Annals of Elizabeth , what is TACITUM REGALE ? Who ever called the royal right in this way, not to mention convocarius ? Did any of the ancients simply say Regum Regale ; so that tacitum regale might be the royal right in itself, as they say in the schools, and without any explanation, merely to remind kings of their duty? This strange formula of expression seems to me far from the purity of the ancients. I beg you to explain this to me. Meanwhile, farewell, you and yours, and me. Paris, on the eve of the Kalends of January, in the year [CCCIX] [DCCXLV]. EPISTLE CIV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Our Synod is now in full activity, and the deputies of the Fathers are still not entirely agreed. Jurievius, Molinæius’ son-in-law, immediately delivered a rather unmodest sermon to the people. The Church complained about it before the Synod, namely that it should take care that those whom it appoints for the Homilies hereafter speak with less insolence. The Orators commended the Parisian Church, both for its prudence
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Ludunum Batavorum. Intensissimum & penetrabile gelidi Boreæ, quod urit & secat, frigus, facile me apud te exculaverit, si pauca tantum dixero & brevissime: cum præterea
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Ludunum Batavorum. The most intense and penetrating cold of icy Boreas, which burns and cuts, will easily excuse me with you, if I say only a few words and very briefly: since moreover
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EPISTOLA. 107 terea nullas a te hac vice acceperim. Arnaldi liber, vel potius Sansiyaninepotis, contra Jesuitas & præcipue Racovisium Episcopum Vaurensem eorum assentatorem, de SS. Petro & Paulo binis Romanæ Ecclesiæ, in unum a Papa repræsentatum, convenientibus capitibus, amplius non prostat. Can- cellarius, qui Loyalitis aperte favet, apparitores misit, qui Bibliopolam in vin- cula conjicerent & exemplaria asportarent. Hi strenue & fideliter mandatis obtemperaverunt. Sed Henricus Boucherus collega & amicus summus meus, cum sciret me uno ad te mittendo opus habere, statim suum exhibuit, ut eo te suo nomine donarem. Itaque id quam potero citissime ad te mittam cum Petri Marcæ libro De Primatibus. Cæterum quod scripsit Arnaldus tale est, ut Romanensium nullus post ejus probationes id consutare audeat. Certe, quod binos illos Apostolorum coryphæos spectat, non est novum dogma, quod olim verbis disertissimis scriplere Irenæus, Ephiphanius, Leo, Gre- gorius, alii. Ex Romanistis Bellarminus idem tuetur. Cum ergo adver- sarii, turpis ignorantiæ rei, non possent adversus librum scribere, maluerunt eum proscribere: quod facile a Magnatibus, qui ipsis sunt addictissimi, qua pollent apud eos auctoritate, impetrarunt. Vale. Lut Parisiorum. XIV. Ian. CIC IXC XLV. EPISTOLA CVI. CL. S A L M A S I U S Alexandro Moro. Genevam. Redditæ mihi sunt Amici tui Observationes in Prolegomena jacentis & afflicti autoris; pro quibus magnas tibi debeo, & ago gratias. Opus est eruditum, varium, elegans, multijugi doctrina & lepore refertum. Pla- cet præsertim ἤυμεῖς αἰναιον, quo hominem audacter, nec sub persona, ag- greditur. Si autem in solo pæne hærens προπυλαίων, tot inscitiæ & αἰρισια portenta profligavit, quid non speremus amantes, ubi ipsa adyta reseraverit? Unum vereor, ne languescat ejus impetus, quia adversarius nihil est reposi- turus. Tantum enim vivit ut bibat, in sua quondam fama sese jactans, cum de futura desperet. Quod cum dico, vides opinor, nullas esse Principis par- tes in hac fabula, nec is superis labor est. Ex animo doleo dividiam natam inter summos heroas nostros. Quam nacti sunt Spartam ornare pergant; com- munemque hostem junctis animis armisque impetant. Illum qui feriet, mihi erit Carthaginiensis, nec se amplius lacessant. Vale. Lut. Parisiorum. xv. Ian. CIC IXC XLV. Q 2 EPI-
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EPISTOLA. 107 I have not received any letters from you on this occasion either. Arnaldus’s book, or rather Sansiyaninopetis’, against the Jesuits and especially Racovius, Bishop of Vaurense, their flatterer, concerning SS. Peter and Paul, the two leaders of the Roman Church, represented as one by the Pope, and the related heads, is no longer available. The Chancellor, who openly favors the Loyalists, sent officers who were to throw the bookseller into prison and carry off the copies. They carried out the orders vigorously and faithfully. But Henry Boucher, my colleague and my dearest friend, since he knew I needed to send one to you, at once produced his own copy, so that I might give it to you in his name. Therefore I shall send it to you as quickly as I can together with Peter Marcæ’s book On Primacies. Moreover, what Arnaldus has written is such that no Romanist, after his proofs, would dare refute it. Certainly, as for those two chief Apostles, this is no new doctrine: Irenaeus, Epiphanius, Leo, Gregory, and others once wrote of it in the clearest terms. Among the Romanists, Bellarmine defends the same view. Since, therefore, the opponents, convicted of shameful ignorance, could not write against the book, they preferred to proscribe it: and this they easily obtained from the great men, who are most devoted to them, by the authority they wield among them. Farewell. From Paris. 14 January 1645. EPISTOLA CVI. CL. SALMASIUS To Alexander Morus. Geneva. I have received your friend’s Observations on the Prolegomena of the author who lies low and afflicted, for which I owe you many thanks and am grateful. It is a learned, varied, elegant work, full of multifarious learning and charm. I especially like ἤυμεῖς αἰναιον, in which he attacks the man boldly and not under a mask. But if, while sticking almost to the προπυλαίων, he has overthrown so many monsters of ignorance and αἰρισια, what may we not hope for from the lovers, once he has opened the very inner sanctuaries? One thing I fear: that his vigor may flag, because his adversary will have nothing to put back. For he lives only to drink, boasting in what was once his fame, while despairing of the future. When I say this, you see, I think, that the Prince has no part in this drama, and that the burden is not his. I am deeply grieved that division should have arisen among the foremost heroes of ours. Let them continue to adorn the Sparta they have acquired; and let them attack the common enemy with united minds and arms. He who strikes him will be a Carthaginian to me, and let them no longer provoke one another. Farewell. From Paris. 15 January 1645.
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. Excursum de inventione Typographiæ debes Doctori Medico Mentelio, qui dicit se genus ducere ab illo Mentelio, cui nobilissimam illam artem vult debere natales suos. Cum autem te magni faciat, lectorem esse te voluit & judicem suæ lucubrationis. Laudo consilium de separatim editis tribus tuis opusculis. Quia nondum adsunt exemplaria Epistolæ ad Colvium, malim, nisi aliter sentias, ea omnia simul , quam singula, & ita prioris muneris mora purgabitur. Mittam cum Arnaldi & Marcæ opusculis Hugonis Grotii librum, de imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra, quem tantopere expetis. Eum mihi non modico sumptu in describendo comparavi. Eximium est magni viri opus, quodque merito suo possit cum ejusdem auctoris cæteris omnibus componi. Cum olim esset in Batavia, nata est ei occasio hanc illustrem controversiam tractandi, quam magnifice executus est. Jam vero nihil hujusmodi sapit: & plurima illic leges, a quibus postmodum mutata sententia, vel potius animo, quam longissime recessit. Cæterum cum mecum communicaretur apographum, ad quod meum descriptum est, hæc mihi lata est ab illustribus fratribus lex, quam tibi quoque ferri æquo animo patiaris necesse est, ne scilicet extra Musæum educeretur, vel saltem ne describeretur. Postremum hoc nisi promittas, non mittere certum est. Ita enim quam dedi soleo fidem religiose servare. Proximo mense istuc advolabunt Gallicæ hirundines, quæ vobis ver reducent, eaque referent quæ brumales nostræ noctes excluserint. Brevi, sed tamen sufficienti responso tuo ad quæstiones de Chalcolibano ex debita solitaque formula ago gratias. Ad postremas tuas jam venio. Ex animo doleo dissidium natum inter summos Theologos amicos nostros; Spanhemium dico & Amyraldum. Hic existimavit necessitatem sibi impositam Thesibus de G. U. respondendi, quod ille dissentientes scripsisset esse cætera orthodoxos. Ubi enim Ministro, Professori verbi divini, t[ame]n orthodoxiæ fieret controversia, silere turpe esset & nefarium. Inde causæ irarum ex duabus istis vocibus. Sed modeste agit & cum præfatione honoris erga eum, quem arguit, objectiones diluit, ad octo quæsita in Epimetro contenta respondet, & quinquaginta erotemata reponit. Ante mensem dicebat mihi auctor, se exemplar unum ad Rivetum, cui etiam opus inscriptum est, cum epistola solerti & eleganti, misisse. Videte ambo, Te Rivetumque intelligo, ne quid ex hac, quam vereor inter hæc duo fulmina, collisione, Ecclesia detrimenti capiat. Quam nacti sunt Spartam ornare pergant, communem hostem junctis animis viribusque impetant. Eum qui feriet, mihi erit Carthaginensis, nec se amplius lacessant. Quia Læpius mihi significasti Spanhemium te summo amore prosequi, virumque of- ficio-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. The digression on the invention of printing you owe to Doctor Medico Mentelius, who says that he traces his lineage from that Mentelius to whom he wishes to owe the birth of his most noble art. But since he esteems you greatly, he wanted you to be the reader and judge of his little work. I commend your plan of publishing separately your three little treatises. Since copies of the Letter to Colvius are not yet available, I should prefer, unless you think otherwise, that all those things be sent together rather than one by one, and thus the delay of the previous duty will be made up for. Along with the little works of Arnald and Marc I shall send the book of Hugo Grotius, On the power of the supreme authorities concerning sacred matters, which you so much desire. I obtained it for myself at no small expense in having it copied. It is an excellent work of a great man, and one that by its own merit may be compared with all the rest of the same author. When he was once in Batavia, there arose for him an opportunity to treat this famous controversy, which he handled magnificently. But now he tastes nothing of this sort: and you will read there many things from which, after changing his mind, or rather his disposition, he later receded as far as possible. Besides, when the copy was communicated to me, from which mine has been transcribed, this law was laid down for me by the illustrious brothers, which you too must patiently allow yourself to be bound by, namely, that it should not be taken out of the Museum, or at least that it should not be copied. Unless you promise this last point, it is certain not to be sent. For thus I am accustomed religiously to keep the faith I have given. Next month the Gallic swallows will fly there, which will bring you back spring, and will report those things that our wintry nights have kept shut away. I thank you for your brief but sufficient reply to the questions about Chalcolibanus, according to the due and customary formula. I now come to your last letter. I am deeply grieved at the breach that has arisen between our great theologian friends; I mean Spanhemius and Amyraldus. The latter thought that the necessity imposed on him of responding to the Theses de G. U. arose because the former had written that the dissenters were otherwise orthodox. For where, in a minister, a professor of the divine word, then of orthodoxy a controversy should arise, to be silent would be base and impious. Hence the causes of anger from those two words. But he acts modestly and, with a preface of respect toward the one he criticizes, removes the objections, responds to the eight questions contained in the Epimetron, and sets down fifty further questions in reply. A month ago the author told me that he had sent one copy to Rivetus, to whom the work is also dedicated, with a learned and elegant letter. Take care, both of you, I mean you and Rivetus, that nothing from this collision, which I fear between these two thunderbolts, may damage the Church. Let them go on adorning the Sparta they have obtained, and let them attack the common enemy with united minds and forces. He who strikes him will be a Carthaginian to me, and let them no longer provoke one another. Since Lepius has signified to me that you pursue Spanhemius with the greatest affection, and that the man by duty-
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EPISTOLÆ. 109 ficiosissimum tua prospera & adversa etiam sua duxisse, facile adducor in eam sententiam, illum tuis pacis & concordiæ consiliis accessurum. Nec male positam in isto negotio operam tuam velim arbitreris. Nos quoque hic al- terum sufflaminabimus, ne tenuis scintilla grande excitet incendium. Li- brum quem rogas, non mitto, tum quia poteris eum a Riveto nancisci, tum quia mittendi non est facultas, nondum enim prostat. Auctor pauca secum attulit exemplaria, quæ Bibliopogo compingenda tradidit. Dum abest apud Carentonenses, quid eis actum sit nescio. Causa Salmuriensis in Synodo ventilata est & discusa. Rei absolutisunt, nec in Alenconenses Canones quid- quam ab illis esse peccatum pronunciatum est. Decretaque aliquot condita, quibus concordiæ fortius stringendæ in posterum consultitur. Plenius singula narro in Gallicis ad Amicum Hagiensem. Ingenium Heinsi, sui laudatoris, suspicio. Homo sui amantissimus, ne solitis laudibus fraudaretur, maluit sibi canere, quam suavissimo illo acroamate carere. Promissam ad Launæum Epistolam rogo & flagito. Vale tu cum tua a me meaque. De Tacito Regali & Boëtia scribes quando vacabit. Lutetiæ Parisior. 20. Ianuarii 1645. EPISTOLA CVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. NE deinceps expostules, nullum a me tibi prolixioris scriptionis suppeditari argumentum, Ecce tibi e sacris, uti reor, amplissimum. Vetus est, nec hodie aut heri nata, controversia, & sane ardua, inter Theologos, De Imputatione peccati Adami. An scilicet ut poenæ, sic culpæ malum nobis pe- pererit? Dicunt qui affirmant; Omne genus humanum in lumbis primi pa- rentis ab ejus fato, factove, pependisse: ejus itaque casum omnes posteros afflixisse. Qui negant, fatentur quidem per unius peccatum mortem omnes in- vasisse, nec tamen omnes idcirco peccatores habendos, sed unumquemque suo merito damnari. Exemplo rem illustrant; Miles in excubiis positus ob- dormiscit, occiditur: tum reliqui commilitones, male in ejus vigilantia quiescentes, ab hostibus opprimuntur. Unius culpa omnes pereunt, non est ta- men omnium culpa, sed unius. Vel potius, Prodigus in lauta re pater in lu- stris & ganeis fortunas suas dilapidavit; filiis deinde ut & patri in minus honesta paupertate, vita est transigenda. At unius patris vitium est, miseria etiam filiorum. Tertium accedat ex versu Horatiano, Quicquid delirant Re- ges plectuntur Achivi; An etiam Achivi delirasse censendi? Præterea non potest pati justitia divina, ut sit ita innocenti, sicut & uocenti. Genes. xvii. 25. ut filius ferat iniquitatem patris. Ezech. xvii. 20. quin imo anima, quæ pecca- verit, ipsam orietur. Deuter. xxv. 16. II. Reg. xiv. 6. Utraque sententia ma- gnos habet assertores. Prior Augustinum, Ambrosium, Chrysostomum, Theophylactum, Bezam. Posteriori favere videntur Hieronymus, Theo- O 3 dorectus
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EPISTOLÆ. 109 Since I am easily brought to think that he, who has counted your prosperous and adverse fortunes as his own, will likewise join your counsels of peace and concord, do not think that your labor in this affair has been ill placed. We too here shall put a second brake to it, lest a small spark should stir up a great conflagration. The book you ask for I do not send, both because you may be able to get it from Rivet, and because there is no means of sending it, for it is not yet on sale. The author brought with him a few copies, which he handed over to the bookseller to be bound. While he is absent among the people of Carentan, I do not know what has been done there. The Salmurian cause was discussed and debated in the Synod. The matter was settled, and nothing was pronounced by them to have been done against the Alençon Canons. And certain decrees were enacted, by which provision is made that concord may be more firmly tightened in future. I tell the details more fully in French letters to the Friend of The Hague. I suspect the wit of Heinsius, his own admirer. A man most devoted to himself, lest he should be cheated of his customary praises, preferred to sing his own song rather than be deprived of that sweetest concert. I ask and beg for the promised letter to Launæus. Farewell, you with yours from me and mine. About Tacitus Regalis and Boethia you will write when you have time. Paris, 20 January 1645. EPISTOLA CVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Do not hereafter complain that no subject is supplied by me for a longer letter. Behold, for you, from sacred matters, as I think, an ample one. There is an old, and not born today or yesterday, and indeed difficult, controversy among theologians concerning the imputation of Adam’s sin. Namely, whether, as the punishment, so also the guilt, has befallen us? Those who affirm it say that the whole human race, in the loins of the first parent, depended upon his fate and deed; and therefore that his fall afflicted all his descendants. Those who deny it admit indeed that by the sin of one death entered upon all, yet they do not think that all are therefore to be regarded as sinners, but that each is condemned by his own merit. They illustrate the matter by an example: a soldier posted on watch falls asleep, is killed; then the rest of the comrades, having trusted too carelessly to his vigilance, are overwhelmed by the enemy. Through one man’s fault all perish, yet it is not the fault of all, but of one. Or rather, a prodigal in a luxurious household squandered his fortune in brothels and taverns; afterward the sons, as well as the father, must pass their lives in no less honorable poverty. Yet it is the fault of the one father, and the misery also of the sons. Let a third example be taken from the Horatian verse, “Whatever mad things kings do, the Greeks are punished”; are the Greeks also to be deemed mad? Moreover, divine justice cannot endure that it should be so, both to the innocent and to the guilty. Gen. xvii. 25, that the son should bear the iniquity of the father. Ezek. xvii. 20. Nay rather, “the soul that hath sinned, it shall die.” Deuter. xxv. 16. II. Kings xiv. 6. Both opinions have great defenders. The former has Augustine, Ambrose, Chrysostom, Theophylact, Beza. To the latter seem to favor Jerome, Theo-
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CL. SARRAVIUS doretus, Erasmus, Leo Iudæ, Iunius, Tremellius, Martyr, Marloratus, Vatablus, Chamierus, etiam Calvinus; plures non consului. Magnum autem est momentum hujus controversiæ in explicatione Paulini loci epistolæ ad Romanos cap. v. 12. ὑανερ di iros αιδηώπι ἀμαρτια eis ποσμον ειαπλε, η Να της αμαρτιας i Ιανατος δηλθεν, οι ἐπι πάτες ἐμαρτην. Postrema hæc verba οι ἐν τrahunt omnes in suam sententiam. Alii in quo, nempe Adamo, omnes peccaverunt: alii eo quod, per hoc quod, quatenus omnes peccaverunt. Nec nauci est hoc discrimen, cum ex hac vel illa explicatione, alteram opinionem stare vel cadere sit necesse. Te vero hic ego appello, qui linguæ Græcæ penetralia adivisti, totasque Athenas cum Alexandria & Cilicia imbibisti, ut hujus locutionis vim explanes & in nobilissima lite pronuncies. Ne quid autem te celem, scias a Synodo negantem opinionematro calculo notatam. Quid in causa Milleteriana pronuntiatum sit, disces ex actis quæ mitto. Dominica die lecta fuerunt in publico Ecclesiæ confessu Miser deliberat quid agat: vellet olim ad Pontificios defecisse, ut enim eo unde ejectus est, redeat, spes nulla superesse videtur. Epistolam ad Launæum, quam mittere te scribis, non inveni cum tuis, eamque desidero. Vale tu cum tua a me & mea. Lutetiæ Parisior. IV. Februarii. C15 13C XLV. Cum hac sua epistola misit Amyraldus exemplar Dissertationum Theologicarum quatuor, quod proxima amici occasione habebis cum Grotii libro de Imperio Principis circa Sacra. Nihil ad te scribo de loco ex Historia C. P. adversus , quia dixit Bullialdus se a me monitum, cum ad te misisse. Si quid Amyraldo reponas mittasve, id poteris tuis ad me includere. EPISTOLA CXI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Grotiilibrum primo quoque tempore mittam, ut in eo magnam rem quam desideras, quæras. Si eam indicasses, potuissem istum tibi laborem compendifacere. Quamvis magno mihi constet, tuustamen erit, immosit, ea tantum conditione qua meus factus est. Non veritussum ne cum describeres, sed ne pro tua facilitate cum amicis promiscue communicares, qui invito auctore & illis, quorum beneficio eum habeo, cuilibet ostenderent. Nec ulla unquam orta est mihi de tua fide suspicio, quam bonam credo sanctam & sinceram. Sed quid peccavi, si, quam dedi, servo? si conditionem donationi adjunctam religiosius impleo? Cum Legato Suediæ in gratiam non redii. Si mihi animus fuisset eam ambire, non difficulter, ita credo, illam impetrassem, cum ea nulla mea culpa caream; sed tantum quia minus favi ejus consiliis henticis. Quare autem venerit id tibi in mentem, nescio, nisi forte quia cum apud te honorifice appellavi. Sed male conjecti, nec te vatem hic perhibebo optimum. Hominem pro suis erga literas non vulgaribus meritis magni facio, nec amare non pos-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Doretus, Erasmus, Leo Iudæ, Junius, Tremellius, Martyr, Marloratus, Vatablus, Chamierus, also Calvinus; I have not consulted more. But great is the importance of this controversy in the explanation of the Pauline passage in the Epistle to the Romans, chapter v. 12. ὑανερ di iros αιδηώπι ἀμαρτια eis ποσμον ειαπλε, η Να της αμαρτιας i Ιανατος δηλθεν, οι ἐπι πάτες ἐμαρτην. These last words οι ἐν draw everyone to his own opinion. Some say, in whom, namely in Adam, all sinned; others, because, by reason of this, inasmuch as all sinned. Nor is this distinction a small matter, since from this or that explanation, one opinion must stand or fall. You, however, I here call upon, who have entered the inner sanctuaries of the Greek tongue, and have imbibed the whole of Athens together with Alexandria and Cilicia, that you may explain the force of this expression and give judgment in this most noble dispute. But lest I hide anything from you, know that the denying opinion has been marked by the Synod with the black ball. What was pronounced in the Milleterian case, you will learn from the acts which I send. On Sunday it was read publicly in the confession of the Church. Miser deliberates what he should do: he would once have wished to have gone over to the Papists, so that, indeed, he may return to the place from which he was expelled; no hope seems to remain. I did not find the letter to Launæus, which you write that you are sending, among yours, and I miss it. Farewell, you with yours from me, and mine from you. At Paris, February 4, 1635. With this letter of his Amyraldus sent a copy of the four Theological Dissertations, which you will have on the next opportunity of a friend, together with Grotius’ book On the Power of the Prince in Matters Sacred. I write nothing to you about the passage from the History of C. P. against , because Bullialdus said that he had been warned by me, when he sent to you. If you have any reply to make to Amyraldus, or anything to send, you may include it with yours to me. EPISTLE CXI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. I shall send Grotius’ book at the first possible opportunity, so that in it you may seek that great matter which you desire. If you had indicated it, I could have spared you that labor. Although it costs me much, it will nevertheless be yours, indeed let it be so, on the sole condition on which it became mine. I was not afraid that you would copy it, but that, out of your easy generosity, you would share it indiscriminately with friends, who, against the author’s will and against the will of those by whose favor I have it, would show it to anyone. Nor has any suspicion ever arisen in me concerning your good faith, which I believe to be good, holy, and sincere. But what have I done wrong, if I keep what I gave? if I more scrupulously fulfill the condition attached to the gift? I have not returned to favor with the Swedish ambassador. If I had had the mind to court it, I believe I could not have had much difficulty obtaining it, since I am free from all blame in that matter; but only because I have favored his haughty counsels less. Why this should have come into your mind, I do not know, unless perhaps because I spoke of you honorifically with him. But you have guessed wrongly, and here I shall not call you the best of prophets. I value the man greatly for his not ordinary merits toward letters, and I cannot but love him...
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EPISTOLAÆ. III possum. Quod secius sensit scriptisve, non laudo, non probo, non fero; nec tamen ideo velim plurima ejus eximia contentni & oblivioni tradi. Tu pri- mas, quod nemo jam negat, obtines: at illi, quod nec itidem quivis eat in- ficias, secundæ debentur. Superiorem æqualemve non habes, hunc saltem alterum a te æquo animo patere. Jam acceperis responsionem ad Theses Spanhemii nostri. Verum non est visam eam lectamque in publico patrum conventu. Vel duo vel nemo illorum eam videre. Certe duo tantum iique auctori amicissimi, non tres. Si aliquid Amyraldo reponat eruditissimus Adversarius, modeste quæso agat. Sed melius fuerit & sane optimum istam controversiam omnio sopiri, nec molestæ contentionis funes diutius trahi. Quod ad Anglicam vel Scoticam vocationem attinet, ostendi tuas litteras uni nostro Puteano, prout jusseras; qui, rebus ibi turbatissimis, nullum esse de- liberationi locum mecum censet. Ubi composita & pacta erunt omnia, tum secundum ea quæ proponentur, singula examinabimus. In Britannico regno, docto Rege imperante, parum sibi consultum putabat olim Casaubonus perpe- tuæ moræ causa habitare. Illa quippe gens exteros aversatur & odit: Gallos vero odio plusquam Vatiniano. Jam vero Rege bonarum litterarum imperi- to, quid præsidii litteratorum coryphæus ab eo expectet, qui sibi ipsi non sufficiat? Interea magno tibi honori cedit hinc, illinc, istinc prensari. Rigal- tius custodiam Bibliothecæ Regiæ transtulit in Puteanos, qui sedes, æstate proxima, mutare cogitant & illuc migrare. Vale. Lut. Par. x. Feb. c13 13C XLV. EPISTOLA CX. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Quod federit consilium Spanhemio nostro post acceptam ad suas Theses responsionem, impatienter expectabo. Dixerat se posse & velle silere, modo Amyraldus omnia lucubrationis suæ exemplaria supprimeret: quod es- set, Saturni in morem, prolem suam devorare. At hoc fieri non potest, jam nonnullis, licet paucissimis, quæ omnino repeti non possunt, donatis. Rur- sum ergo tractet hoc argumentum; sed qua par est moderatione: nec cessabo ea in re offerre, quam promittis, operam tuam. Non vidi locum ex Historia C. P. quem ad te misit Bullialdus, sed descripsit eum ex codice, in quo Casaubonus manu sua in margine notaverat (ille quoque Thuana domo migrare cogitat.) Sive eos in præfatione insecteris, sive independentes & Acephalos, dignum est hoc stadium in quo decurras. Miror te existimare Legati librum te a me non posse impetrare. Cum aliis quos ad te defert Campius inclusus esset, nisi ejus usuram ad paucos dies extorsisset Blondellus noster, ut in eo ca- put de Electionibus versaret. Jam vero ad me rediit, & hodie vel cras ad te ibit; nec amplius gaudia tua morabor, sed venti forsan vel naves ad transitum mi-
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EPISTOLAE. III I cannot. What he has felt or written otherwise, I do not praise, do not approve, do not bear with; yet for that reason I would not have his many excellent things held in contempt and given over to oblivion. You have the first place, which no one now denies; but to him, which likewise no one, I think, can gainsay, the second is due. You have no one above you or equal to you; at least bear with this other one beside you with an even mind. You have now received the reply to the Theses of our Spanhemius. But it was not seen or read in the public assembly of the Fathers. Either two of them, or none, should see it. Certainly only two, and those most friendly to the author, not three. If the most learned adversary makes some reply to Amyraldus, let him act modestly, I beg. But it would be better, and indeed best, for that controversy to be altogether quieted, and for the ropes of troublesome contention not to be drawn any longer. As for the English or Scottish call, I showed your letters to our Puteanus, as you ordered; he thinks with me that, because affairs there are most disturbed, there is no room for deliberation. When everything has been settled and agreed upon, then, according to what is proposed, we shall examine each point. In the British kingdom, under a learned king, Casaubon once thought it little to his advantage to dwell there because of the perpetual delay. For that nation shuns and hates foreigners, and the French especially with more than Vatinian hatred. But now, when the King is ignorant of good letters, what protection can the chief of scholars expect from one who does not suffice even for himself? Meanwhile it redounds to your great honor to be courted here, there, and everywhere. Rigaltius has transferred the custody of the Royal Library to the Puteani, who are thinking of changing their residence next summer and moving there. Farewell. Paris, 10 February, 1635. 13C XLV. EPISTOLA CX. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. What decision our Spanhemius has reached after receiving a response to his Theses, I shall await eagerly. He had said that he could and would keep silent, provided Amyraldus suppressed all copies of his own composition; which would be, in the manner of Saturn, to devour his own offspring. But this cannot be done, since some, though very few, copies have already been given away, and cannot be recalled at all. Let him therefore treat this argument again; but with the moderation that is fitting. Nor shall I cease, in this matter, to offer the assistance you promise. I have not seen the passage from the History of C. P. which Bullialdus sent to you, but he copied it from a manuscript in which Casaubon had noted in his own hand in the margin (he too is thinking of moving from the Thuanes' house.) Whether you attack them in the preface, or as independents and Acephali, this is a field worthy for you to run in. I am surprised that you think you cannot obtain from me the book of the Legate. Together with the others that Campius brings to you it would have been included, had not our Blondellus wrung from him the loan of it for a few days, so that he might work through the chapter on Elections. Now it has come back to me, and today or tomorrow it will go to you; and I shall no longer delay your pleasure, but the winds or perhaps the ships for the crossing will mi-
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CL. S A R R A V I I minus adornatæ. Milleterius in eo est, ut publicato scripto expostulet de Actis Synodi in sua causa respondendi. Si quid scriberet, provincia mandata est Amyraldo, qui cum eo totum biduum de Justificatione collationem habuit, ut cum in viam reduceret. De tuo grato animo Launæus meus se tibi devinctissimum hisce suis literis profitetur, ego quoque me eadem de causa plurimum tibi debere agnosco. Epistola ad Colvium, nomine tuo donati Croius, Langlæus, Amyraldus ad suos redierunt. Trina exemplaria a Petito præcepi, donec grandis fasciculus, in quo quinquaginta illa habentur, mihi reddatur. Ubi tam diu hæreat, plane nescio. Ut chartæ reliqua implerem, possem te aliqua nova quæstione vexare, sed quia es occupatissimus, desinam molestus esse, cum præterea ternis responsum ab otio tuo desiderem. Vale tu cum tua a me meaque, qui vobis cuncta ex animi sententia procedere optamus. Lutetiæ Parisior. xvII. Februarii. c13 13C XLV. E P I S T O L A CXI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Luz lunum Batavorum. Pro negativa opinione, quam impugnandam suscepisti, possem cum argumenta a me allata fulcire, tum alia proferre majus pondus ei dare idonea. At illa justitia, cujus curæ nos servire verum est, litium numeris innumeris nos adeo obruit, ut poene oneri succumbamus. Ut dubitarem moverat me acutissimi Theologi, & in Pauli idioma & doctrinam non indiligentis scrutatoris, Theodoreti, auctoritas, qui ad locum epistolæ ad Romanos cap. v. 12. . hoc habet, . . , . . . . . . . Culpam fateor, poenam deprecor. Pudet pigetque: de culpa & poena peccati Adami . male constitui. Nec dissidentium quisquam culpæ malum negat ad Adami posteros transiisse, ut & poenæ. Tantum distinguunt illi, quibus favisse volui, videri culpam . , quatenus est actus vitiosus, qui momento desiit, ab illa ipsa, quatenus est labes spiritualis totius naturæ humanæ & . cam afficiens. Priori modo imputari negant. Nam nemini ex Adami posteris Deus hanc dixitsententiam: Reus es quia Adam mandatum meum violavit, vel ipse in ejus persona olim fructum vetitum attingere ausus es. Sed posteriore & transit & imputatur, Deo de singulis primi parentis posteris pronunciante: Reus es quia vitiosus es & paternæ labis hæres. Sic debuiscriptisse, quo ita posito, non tanti esse videtur id discrimen, ut necesse fuerit in prioris opinionis sectatores sævire. Non tamen poenitet hujusce erroris mei, qui tibi occasionem præbuit iterumque iterumque Paulinum locum doctissime retractandi. Utinam autem & hanc controversiam aliasque omnes ad ipsum Apostolum enarrares! quid dignius summa tua eruditione possis aggredi? quid Ecclesiæ utilius? quid tibi honestius? Materia est ampla & varia, in qua omnis eruditio locum habeat. Nul-
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CL. SARRAVIUS less adorned. Milleterius is intent on this, that, by publishing a document, he may complain about the Acts of the Synod in his own cause, in order to respond. If he wrote anything, the task was assigned to Amyraldus, who spent the whole of two days in discussion with him about Justification, so as to bring him back to the right path. Regarding your kind disposition toward me, my Launæus professes in these letters that he is most indebted to you; I too acknowledge that for the same reason I am greatly indebted to you. Croius and Langlæus, with an epistle to Colvius in your name, have returned to their own people. I have ordered three copies from Petit until that large packet, in which those fifty are contained, is returned to me. Where it has lingered so long, I do not know at all. To fill the remaining space on the sheet, I could vex you with some new question, but since you are extremely busy, I shall cease to be troublesome, especially since I desire an answer from your leisure on three points. Farewell, you and yours from me and mine, who wish that everything may go forward for you all according to your heart’s desire. Paris, 17 February. c13 13C XLV. EPISTLE CXI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Luz Lunum Batavorum. Against the negative opinion which you undertook to refute, I could both support the arguments I have adduced and bring forward others of greater weight. But that justice, to whose care it is true we ought to submit, overwhelms us with countless suits, so that we can scarcely bear the burden. What had caused me to hesitate was the authority of Theodoret, a most acute theologian and no careless investigator of Paul’s idiom and doctrine, who, at the passage in the Epistle to the Romans, chapter 5, verse 12, has this: ... I confess the fault, I beg for the penalty. I am ashamed and grieved: I have been badly persuaded about the guilt and punishment of Adam’s sin. Nor does anyone among the dissenters deny that the evil of guilt has passed to Adam’s descendants, as also has the punishment. They merely distinguish, as I wished to do in their favor, between guilt as it seems to be, namely as a faulty act which came to an end in a moment, and that same guilt as it is a spiritual stain of the whole human nature and affecting it. In the former sense they deny that it is imputed. For God has not said to any of Adam’s descendants this sentence: “You are guilty because Adam violated my command, or because you yourself once dared to touch the forbidden fruit in his person.” But in the latter sense it both passes over and is imputed, God pronouncing concerning each of the descendants of the first parent: “You are guilty because you are corrupt and heir to your father’s stain.” It should have been written thus; once this is granted, that distinction seems not to be of such great importance that it should have been necessary to rage against the followers of the earlier opinion. Yet I do not regret this error of mine, since it gave you the opportunity once again, and again, to treat the Pauline passage most learnedly. Would that you would also explain this controversy and all the others from the Apostle himself! What could you undertake more worthy of your supreme learning? what more useful to the Church? what more honorable for you? The subject is broad and varied, in which all learning would find a place. No-
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Nulla hinc deerunt tibi e B. R. subsidia, statim ac illustres fratres in ea resederint. Cum enim ex illa Georgius Monachus olim ad Scaligerum avolaverit: quidni etiam nunc Catena Græca in Psalms & alia omnia ad Salmasium? Modo hoc secreto fiat, impetrabis. Tum militia, usuræ, mutuum cum omni jure Græco Romano tibi merito sordebunt. Quid enim omnis prophana literatura ad hæc vere sacra Mysteria? Pluris facio vel unum Euangelii locum nitide explicatum, quam quemlibet sæculi auctorem integre emaculatum vel restitutum. Hoc qui tibi velle dedit, det quoque & perficere. Cum voluptate legi responsionem tuam ad Fabroti Epistolam, una distinctione hactenus non intellecta. Contractus Mutui & Rei mutuo datæ totam controversiam absolvisti. Nondum licuit eam cum Menagio nostro communicare, quod hodie ita spero faciam. Vide ut cætera tua novissima, si non ante alios, saltem neutiquam post cæteros habeam. Scis enim quam impatienter tua desiderem, quamque studiosa ea legam. Et hæc mora fere una causa est, quæ absentiam tuam mihi molestam faciat. Quod si removere possis incommodum, maximo me beneficio mactaveris. Adversus Arnaldi vel Sancyrani opusculum Gallicum de Petro & Paulo Ecclesiæ Rom. Capitibus, de Petro singulari ejusdem Ecclesiæ fundatore, Latine scripsit Isaacs Habertus, cujus librum a te legi necessarium duco. Sed quam rogavi sententiam tuam, quia pronuntiasti; eam religiose colere malo, quam nimia anxietate sopitam litem redintegrare. Croius ad suos redit, erga Heinsium male animatus. Si promisso opere defungatur, væ Heinsio, væ etiam Boxhornio, quem audio laboranti amiculo parare suppetias. Acer enim est & indomitus, quique se optionem tibi succedere gloriabitur. Ægre tamen tulit se patroni Galli nomine confutatum in Epistola ad Menagium: adeo delicatuli stomachi sunt homines eruditi, ut nihil possint, duriusculum quod sit, digerere. Homini qua potui ita blanditus sum, ut credam eum tibi minus jam esse infensum. Cum Grotii libro Manuscripto & Amyraldi edito involvi maritimas conchas in heduis tuis repertas, quas patruelis, tibi , ad te mittendas tradidit. Existimaverim eas Naturæ potius esse lusus; quam ut ab universalis diluvii tempore illic permanserint. Viri enim nobilis, qui eas exhibuit, fides dubitare non sinit, plurimas similes ibi reperiundas: te præterea testem laudat. Certe in locis vel a mari haud plusculum remotis, verbi gratia in Euganeis ad Patavium montibus, multa hujusmodi inveniri non mirantur, qui sciunt fieri potuisse, immo factum esse, ut aliquando mare eo usque pervenerit. Sed in mediterraneis vestris, hoc est in media Gallia, familiare id esse, summa dignum est admiratione. An veteres Naturæ mystæ aliquid observavere? Certe, quod non abludit, pisces fossiles Aristoteles, Plinius, Strabo memoravere. Ecce aliud eruditæ Epistolæ argumentum, disquisitione tua non indignum, dum alia volvenda dies ultro afferat. Replicationem suam, quod minime improbo, instituit ergo Spanhemius; cum præsertim modestiam nos in suis scriptis non desideraturos p spon-
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You will not be lacking in aid from B. R. here, as soon as the illustrious brothers have settled there. For when George the Monk once flew from that place to Scaliger, why should not now also the Greek Catena on the Psalms and everything else go to Salmasius? Only let this be done in secret, and you will obtain it. Then military service, usury, and a loan, with all Greek and Roman law, will rightly be distasteful to you. For what is all profane literature compared with these truly sacred mysteries? I value even a single passage of the Gospel clearly explained more than any author of the century wholly cleansed of blemishes or restored. May He who gave you the will to do this also grant you the power to accomplish it. With pleasure I read your reply to Fabrot’s letter, with one distinction hitherto not understood. You have settled the whole controversy concerning the loan contract and the thing given on loan. I have not yet been allowed to share it with our Ménage, though today I hope to do so. See to it that I have your other latest writings, if not before others, at least by no means after the rest. For you know how eagerly I long for yours, and how studiously I read them. And this delay is almost the only reason that makes your absence troublesome to me. If you can remove this inconvenience, you will have done me the greatest favor. Against Arnauld’s or Sancyranus’s French tract on Peter and Paul, the heads of the Roman Church, and on Peter as the singular founder of that same Church, Isaac Habert has written in Latin; I consider his book necessary for you to read. But since I asked your opinion, and you gave it, I prefer to cherish it religiously rather than to reopen the dispute, which has been lulled to sleep by excessive anxiety. Croius is returning to his own people, ill disposed toward Heinsius. If he finishes the work he promised, woe to Heinsius, woe also to Boxhorn, whom I hear is preparing help for the struggling little man. For he is sharp and ungovernable, and he will boast that he is to succeed you in office. Yet he took it badly that he was refuted under the name of the Gallic patron in the letter to Ménage: so delicate are the stomachs of learned men, that they cannot digest anything at all that is a bit rough. I have flattered the man as best I could, so that I believe he is now less hostile to you. Together with Grotius’s manuscript book and Amyraut’s printed one, I enclosed the marine shells found in your hedui, which your cousin handed over to be sent to you. I would have thought them rather tricks of nature than that they had remained there since the time of the universal flood. For the faith of the nobleman who exhibited them does not allow doubt: he says that many similar ones are to be found there, and besides he cites you as witness. Indeed, in places not much farther than a little way from the sea—for example, in the Euganean Hills near Padua—many things of this kind are not surprising to those who know that it could have happened, indeed that it did happen, that the sea once reached that far. But in your inland regions, that is, in the middle of France, that this should be common is most worthy of admiration. Did the ancient initiates of nature observe something of this sort? Certainly, and not without relevance, Aristotle, Pliny, and Strabo mentioned fossil fish. Behold another topic for a learned letter, not unworthy of your inquiry, while another day will of its own accord bring other matters to be turned over. Spanhemius has therefore undertaken a reply, which I do not at all disapprove; especially since we shall not miss modesty in his writings p spon-
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CL. S A R R A V I I spondeat. Maluissem ut vir doctissimus voluisset sibi temperare, nec istam controversiam amplius discutere. Sed quia rationes suas id non ferre arbitratus est, meminerit tantum eleganter & docte a se enarrari Paulini loci verba & sensum sectari, αληθειαν εν αχάπη. Tum demum facilius persuadebit, si leviter & placide in legentium animos se insinuet, quam si ex præcipiti & violenta iracundia rem difficilem morosius involvat & turbet. Tu quia aliud habes quod agas, noli istis dissidiis te implicare, & quam nactus es Spartam παῦτη νόμων. Quercetanus medicus fato functus est. Nos valemus: vos quoque, ita precamur, valet. Lut. Par. xxiv. Febr. c13 13c xlv. E P I S T O L A C XII. CL. S A L M A S I V S Claudio Sarravio. Lucetiam. Quo me vocasti ad vadimonium venio. Scilicet vis expediam naturalem illam quæstionem De ostreis in mediterraneo longe a mari nascentibus. Non illa naturæ lusus esse existimarim: nihil enim bona illa mater creavit, nisi aut utile aut necessarium aliquo tempore futurum. Terra omnium rerum quæ creata sunt, seminia & principia continet; tam earum quæ ex ipsa nascuntur proprie, ut plantarum, reptilium, & quadrupedum; quam etiam illarum, quæ in medio mari aut in fluminibus generantur: sive illa ζυτα sint, sive ζωα, sive ζωοφυτα. Nam hæc tria genera tam in mari quam in terra, ubi mare non est, reperiuntur. Ut diversæ sunt marina formæ a terrestribus, plurima tamen in mari generis ejusdem provenire certum est, qualia sunt in terra nascentia animalia. Habere etiam homines sui generis non vana est fabula. Quamvis in mari ea omnia vivant, a terra tamen proprie ducere originem constat. In fundo quippe maris, qui terrenus est, aut saxosus, aut arenosus, gignuntur, coalescunt, atque etiam pabulum ibi habent. Mare terram ambit, & aer utramque. Animalia autem ατρόποει quæ sunt volatile, non aeri ipsi, sed terræ ortum sui debent, haud minus quam terrestria, quam & marina. Tametsi autem extra mare illa vivere nequeant, quæ in mari oriuntur; aqua per se eorum principium & seminum non continet, sed terra quam mare operit. Terra autem illa quæ mari occupatur, non minus herbarum, fruticum, metallorum, animalium primordia genitalia intra se habet; quam ea quæ non est mari obruta. Vice versa terra quam mare non tegit, æque eorum, quæ in mari nascuntur, omnium genitale semen continet, atque illa quæ aquis cooperta est. Et sane si mare recederet ab illis vallibus, quas nunc implet, ut eas, a quibus longe abest, inundaret, verterentur vices, & spatium illud omne terræ quod mare deseruisset; plantis herbisque omne genus, illisque animalibus quæ ex limo lutoque concrescunt, protinus occuparetur. Experientia id comprobat. Tractus est in Zelandia aliquot milliarium, a quo mare ante centum annos recessit: & reperiuntur ibi hodieque, cum foditur, anchoræ & fragmen- ta
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CL. SARRAVIUS would pledge himself. I should have preferred that that most learned man had been willing to restrain himself, and not discuss that controversy further. But since he has judged that his reasons would not bear it, let him remember only that the words and sense of Paulinus’ passage are elegantly and learnedly expounded by him, and that he follows the truth in charity, αληθειαν εν αχάπη. Then at last he will persuade more easily, if he insinuates himself gently and peacefully into the minds of his readers, than if, from headlong and violent anger, he more obstinately entangles and disturbs a difficult matter. You, since you have something else to do, do not involve yourself in these quarrels, and keep to the Sparta you have won, παῦτη νόμων. Quercetanus the physician has died. We are well; you too, so we pray, be well. Lut. Par. 24 Feb. c13 13c xlv. EPISTLE XII. CL. SALMASIUS to Claudio Sarravius. Lucetia. To the summons by which you called me I come. Of course you wish me to explain that natural question, On oysters born in inland places far from the sea. I should not consider that a sport of nature: for good mother Nature created nothing except what at some time would be either useful or necessary. The earth contains the seeds and principles of all things that have been created, both of those that properly spring from it, such as plants, creeping things, and quadrupeds; and also of those which are generated in the open sea or in rivers: whether they are ζυτα, or ζωα, or ζωοφυτα. For these three genera are found both in the sea and on land where there is no sea. Although the forms of marine things differ from terrestrial ones, it is nevertheless certain that very many of the same kind arise in the sea, such as the animals born on land. That human beings also have their own species is no empty fable. Although all these live in the sea, it is nevertheless clear that they derive their origin properly from the land. For at the bottom of the sea, which is earthy, or rocky, or sandy, they are engendered, they grow together, and they even have their nourishment there. The sea surrounds the earth, and air surrounds both. But animals that are ατρόποει, which are winged, owe the origin of their being not to the air itself, but to the earth, no less than terrestrial creatures, and also marine ones. Although, however, those things which arise in the sea cannot live outside the sea, water by itself does not contain their principle and seeds, but the earth which the sea covers. And that earth which is occupied by the sea has within itself no less the first principles of herbs, shrubs, metals, and animals, than that which is not submerged by the sea. Conversely, the earth which the sea does not cover contains equally the generative seed of all those things which are born in the sea, just as that which is covered by the waters does. And indeed if the sea were to recede from those valleys which it now fills, and to flood those from which it is now far away, the conditions would be reversed, and that whole stretch of land which the sea had deserted would at once be occupied by all kinds of plants and grasses, and by those animals which grow together from slime and mud. Experience confirms this. A tract in Zeeland of several miles was left by the sea, which receded from it a hundred years ago: and there are found there today, when it is dug, anchors and fragmen-
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EPISTOLA. 115 ta navium, quæ limus operuit. Viridissima autem & lætissima pascua toto illo tractu nunc visuntur, ubi mare olim fuit. Eadem experientia docente illud etiam scimus; si stagnum fiat ubi prata fuerint, tametsi pisces non eo mittantur; post triennium piscibus abundans sæpe deprehenditur, & præcipue luciis: reliqua genera ideo minus comparent, quia ab istis devorantur. Non in omni- bus tamen locis id æque contingeret, sed in illis præcipue, in quibus tellus pi- scium semina magis haberet. Ut Non omnis fert omnia tellus, non solum illa quæ aquis tegitur, sed & illa quæ in sicco est. Effodiantur in medio campo lacunæ latis profundæ, quæ aquæ pluviae conceptaculum sint, diutule ibi du- raturæ; ranunculi in iis provenierit plurimi tametsi allunde non intuleris. Un- de hoc, nisi quod terræ illius vis genitalis ad procreandas ranas idonea est? Idem est de conchis & ostreis, quæ in mediterraneo inveniuntur multis locis. Non aliud enim potest dici, quam conchis generandis aptam naturam illorum esse lo- corum. Non ubique reperiuntur. Sane nec omne mare ostreosum est & . Cujus fundus saxosus est, ibi præcipue abundant. Similiter istæ terrenæ conchæ vel concharum simulaera non in omnibus terrarum locis repe- riuntur: sed aut in montibus, aut in agris saxosis; ut illa quæ tradidit patruelis meus, in villæ ipsius agris lapidosis inter alios lapides passum jacentia invenire est. Cum ante annum illac transirem, & inambulando per circuitus ejus agro- tum quasi ambarvalia facerem; ut omnia soleo circumspicere, explorare: cum vidissem passim jacentia illa , statim quæsivi de ea re, & dixit mihi infinita talia reperiri. Colligebam tum ipse magnam copiam, quam attu- leram mecum, sed relicta in capsis carrucæ & oblita, carrucarius, qui lapides putabat, abiecit. Ubi huc sum reversus, cum de iis aliquando dissererem cum Latio nostro, rogavit me, ut studiosus est talium, ut curarem advehenda. Ita- que feci. Hæc habebam quæ tuæ quæstioni reponerem. Vale. Te & uxo- rem, ego & uxor salutamus. Lugd. Batav. Nonis Martiis. 1019 CXLV. EPISTOLA CXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Absit, absit, ut auctor tibi fiam dedicandi Primatum tuumutriusque Par- lamenti Britannici proceribus. Nec ea de re diutius deliberandum exi- stimo: nisi forsan certum tibi sedeat consilium, in ultimam Scotiam statim migrandi. Ut enim post hujusmodi amplius cogites de huc re- deundo, vel etiam de istic manendo, nihil ab omni ratione magis est alienum. Nec credo te a tua prudentia solertiave ita destitui, ut id tibi in mentem vene- sit. Superest igitur ut arbitrer exercitationis tantum gratia esse hoc a te mihi propositum. Dum rides lepido tanta est tibi gratia risu. Omnino debetur iste ingenii tui nobilissimus foetus Foederatarum Provinciarum Ordinibus: sub quorum coelo si non conceptus, at formatus est & editus. Nec ulli ma- P 2 gis
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EPISTOLA. 115 that of ships, which the mud covered. And very green and delightful pastures are now seen along that whole stretch where once the sea was. We also know this from the same experience teaching us: if a pool is made where meadows once were, although no fish are put into it, after three years it is often found to abound in fish, especially pike; the other kinds appear less, because they are devoured by these. Yet this does not happen equally in all places, but especially in those in which the earth more abounds in the seeds of fish. As not every land bears everything, not only that which is covered by waters, but also that which is dry. Let broad, deep pits be dug in the middle of a field, which may serve as a receptacle for rainwater, to remain there for quite some time; in them very many frogs will spring up, although you have not introduced any from elsewhere. Whence is this, unless from the fact that the generative power of that soil is suited to producing frogs? The same is true of mussels and oysters, which are found in many places inland. For nothing else can be said, except that the nature of those places is suited to producing mussels. They are not found everywhere. Certainly not every sea is oyster-bearing. Where the bottom is rocky, there they especially abound. Likewise those land-shells, or the likenesses of shells, are not found in all parts of the earth; but either in mountains or in rocky fields; as those which my cousin once showed me, found lying here and there among the stones in the stony fields of his own estate. When I passed there a year ago and, walking about the circuits of the farm, as it were made ambarvalia, since I am accustomed to look about and examine everything: when I saw those things lying scattered about, I immediately asked about the matter, and he told me that countless such were to be found. I then myself gathered a great quantity, which I had brought with me, but left in the boxes of the wagon and forgotten; the wagoner, thinking they were stones, threw them away. When I returned here, and was once speaking about them with our Latio, who is eager for such things, he asked me to have them brought over. So I did. These were what I had to answer to your question. Farewell. My wife and I send greetings to you and your wife. Leiden, on the Nones of March, 1019. CXLV. EPISTOLA CXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. Far be it, far be it, that I should be the author to you of dedicating your Primatus to the leaders of both Parliaments of Britain. Nor do I think there is any need to deliberate longer about this matter—unless perhaps you have firmly resolved at once to move to farthest Scotland. For that after such a thing you should think any more about returning here, or even about staying there, is utterly contrary to all reason. Nor do I believe you are so deprived of your keen prudence and shrewdness that such a thought should enter your mind. It remains, therefore, for me to suppose that you proposed this to me only for the sake of practice. While you laugh, so great is the charm you have in your graceful laughter. That noblest offspring of your intellect is altogether owed to the States of the United Provinces: beneath whose sky, if not conceived, it was at least formed and brought forth. Nor to any more P 2
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CL. SARRAVI gis hunc honorem merentur; quamvis minus mirer, quod multi eum ambiant, dum unusquisque de se fere tantum, parum autem de aliis cogitat. Hæc est mea sententia more meo subitanea & libera. Dissuadeo quoque si res adhuc sunt integræ, ut Fabroto respondeas: nec ille dignus est quocum istum funem trahas. De mutuatica quæltione satis tibi esse debet terque quaterque esse commentatum, & aliud habes quod agas majoris momenti. Si velis omnes salebras amovere, quæ tibi obversabuntur, nunquam de diverti culis in viam redieris. Bene est quod jam Spanhemius replicationem ad Amyraldi opusculum absolvit. Melius est & optimum, quod modeste rem egit dissimulata ex quibusdam dubiis vocibus offensione. Sic virum eruditum, sic Theologum decet. Quia nihil habeo quod addam, ecce tibi a me aliud quæsitum. Proverbialis est loquutio tibi & omnibus satis familiaris: Sabini quod volunt somniant. Quis veterum hoc effatum orbi Latino, quamve ob causam obtulit? Sit hoc tibi responsionis argumentum. Expectabimus absoluta juridica tua opuscula impatientissime: præsertim vero illud quod Heraldum spectat. Quamvis autem quas in te merito & libentissime effundo congeroque laudes, suspectæ tibi sint, facere tamen non possum, quin suspiciam & in coelum esseram, quæ novissimis tuis litteris de conchis ostreisve ad me scripsisti. Sive enim maris penitissimum fundum, sive montium celsa cacumina adeas: inde semper gloriæ amplam materiam refers. Nihil tibi est impervium, nihil quo non penetret incomparabilis tua solertia & sapientia. Sive naturalia, sive supernaturalia, sive Græca, sive Latina ad te deferam, omnia explicas & erudite & copiose. Quid tibi majus rependam pro immensis tuis beneficiis, præter sincerissimam gratiarum actionem, nihil habeo. Hanc ergo a me habe & accipe gratissimam & plenissimam, quam submisso defero. In mea igitur conjectura, de Riveti erga te amicitia fui, quemadmodum antea fueras parum felix de Grotii erga me animo. Iam sumus ergo pares. Hic in Suediam post Pascha proficisci cogitat, expostulaturus de injuria tibi illata, successore dato juvene & æmulo. Interea parendum est & privatorum in morem vivendum. Hic colossus jacens & prostratus semper tamen magnus erit: hæc statua sine sua basi semper excelsa erit & sublimis. Magnam à me iniisti gratiam tua ad Amyraldum responsione. Utinam hominis altum, nobile, & audax ingenium cognosceres. Cadomensis Bochardus eruditissimum Commentarium ad Geneseos caput X. perfecit: in quo Geographiæ Sacra illustris & nova tractatio cum omnigena doctrina conjuncta suaviter te afficiet. Majus nostro testimonium habet ab Amplissimo Bignonio, qui hodie mihi affirmavit Scaligerum, Drusium, Fullerum præ hoc nostro ineptire. Vale. Lut. Paris. xv. Mart. c10 d1c xlv. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVI those worthy of this honor; although I wonder less that many court him, since each thinks almost only of himself and but little of others. This is my opinion, sudden and free, as is my custom. I also advise, if matters are still intact, that you answer F. B. C.; for he is not fit for you to draw that rope with. On the matter of the loan question, it should be enough for you that it has been commented on three and four times over, and you have other work of greater moment to do. If you wish to remove all the rough places that will come before you, you will never return from byways to the road. It is well that Spanheim has now completed the reply to Amyrald’s little work. Better still, and best of all, that he handled the matter modestly, concealing offense at certain doubtful expressions. Thus it becomes an educated man, thus a theologian. Since I have nothing to add, here is something else I have asked of you. There is a proverbial expression familiar enough to you and to all: “The Sabines dream what they wish.” Who introduced this saying to the Latin world, and for what reason? Let this be the subject of your reply. We shall await your finished juridical writings most impatiently, especially that one which concerns Herald. And although the praises I bestow and heap upon you, deservedly and gladly as I do, may seem suspicious to you, I nevertheless cannot help but extol and lift to heaven what you wrote to me in your latest letters about shells or oysters. For whether you go to the deepest bottom of the sea or to the lofty peaks of mountains, you always bring back ample material for glory. Nothing is beyond your reach, nothing into which your incomparable ingenuity and wisdom do not penetrate. Whether I bring you natural things, or supernatural, or Greek, or Latin, you explain everything both learnedly and abundantly. What greater return can I make you for your immense benefits? Apart from the sincerest expression of thanks, I have nothing. Receive, then, from me this most grateful and full acknowledgment, which I offer with humility. In my judgment, therefore, I was right concerning Rivet’s friendship toward you, just as before you had been somewhat unlucky regarding Grotius’s disposition toward me. So now we are even. He intends to go to Sweden after Easter, to complain about the injury done to you, a younger and rival successor having been given. In the meantime, one must submit and live like private persons. This colossus, though fallen and laid low, will always remain great; this statue, even without its base, will always be lofty and sublime. You have placed me under great obligation with your reply to Amyrald. Would that you knew the lofty, noble, and bold genius of the man. Bochard of Caen has completed a most learned Commentary on chapter X of Genesis, in which an illustrious and novel treatment of Sacred Geography, joined with all kinds of learning, will delight you pleasantly. He has a greater testimony from the Most Distinguished Bignon, who told me today that Scaliger, Drusius, and Fuller are trifles compared with this man of ours. Farewell. Paris, March 15, 1645. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 117 EPISTOLA CXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Milleterio nostro valedixi, ex Albinæi nobilis quondam Aquitani non inelegante, nec minus vera sententia. Quid hoc rei est, inquies? Abiit scilicet ille, dominica proxime præterita, ad Deum septem collium. Hic autem dicere solebat duobus hominum generibus vale esse dicendum. Il- lis qui ex hac vita discedunt, quia non amplius eos in hoc sæculo visuri su- mus: & illis qui ab orthodoxia deficiunt, quia in futuro nobis conspiciendi non erunt. Cum hæc nupero mediatori in os dixissem, & ut jam feci expli- cassem, risu, vero an ficto, respondit; addiditque se de suo consilio ad felicem exitum deducendo, nondum desperare; magnamque sibi inter Pontificios melioris Reformationis avidos esse mellem paratam. Sabini, dixi, quod volunt somniant; tantum cave ne proxima gazeta nobilissimum tuum facinus, quod post totum decennium in fumos abiit, minus honorificis verbis, orbi significet. Hæc enim prima te manet rei bene & præclare ge- stæ dignissima merces. Laudavit amicum animum & secessimus. Deinceps igitur vir confidentissimus in Romanis castris militabit. Quæ est hominis φιλαυνα ibi quoque omnia turbabit. Sed possunt illi poenali judicio errores suos coercere. Vidi Disquisitionem de Mutuo Amplissimo Talxo inscriptam & missam. Inexhaustam argumentorum copiam satis mirari non possum. Ausurum quemquam imposterum istam causam adversus te agere, vix existi- mem. Certe licet responsionem contra te scripturis, si ulli sint, miniteris, nolis quæso hisce diutius imminorari. Et serio cogita te, ex quo istic habitas, nihil fere nisi alio impellente & arrodate edidisse; nec Minervam tuam solam foetum ullum magno tuo cerebro dignum peperisse. Vel Primatus vel Militia sese prodant & promissum concessumque, at non præstitum, locum obtine- bis. Immo urge Primatum tuum, qui aut nunc aut nunquam excludendus est, nupero Pontifice Romæ sedente, quocum nescio an satis belle nobis con- veniat. Ille certe corvum delusit hiantem dum Polonum, pro altero quem promiserat, Cardinalem renuntiavit. Secius de meis verbis sentiunt, qui existimant me a te tantum explicationem Græcæ phraseos expectasse, non etiam sententiæ, quam illa contineri arbitrabar. ἐγιο ἡαρε μόνον ἐν πιτὰ, αἰτιο ἐγι τὴς διανοίας καλῶν σε ἐγι πισοῦ ἐκησητητῶν ἐγνῶμα. Sed cum res e verbis omnino pen- deant, qui de his quærit, illas insuper habere dici non debet. At verentur Theologi ue sua Mysteria alii recludant. Te vero quem nihil latere omnes fatentur, ego autem alta voce prædicare non desino, quomodo ad solum Grammaticorum tribunal evocassem? Idem illi parum favent Philosophiæ no- vitio Professori, quem ajunt minus ex arte de nobilissuna scientia esse præfa- tum, P 3
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EPISTLES. 117 EPISTLE CXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. I have bid farewell to our Milleterius, in the not inelegant, and no less true, saying of the once noble Aquitanian Albinæus. What is this about, you will ask? He has, of course, gone, on the last Lord’s Day, to the God of the seven hills. He used to say that farewell ought to be said to two kinds of men: to those who depart from this life, because we shall see them no more in this world; and to those who fall away from orthodoxy, because in the future they will not be seen by us. When I had said these things in the ear of the late mediator, and explained them as I have now done, he replied, whether with laughter or not I know not, and added that he still did not despair of bringing his own plan to a happy end; and that a rich harvest of a better Reformation was prepared for him among the Pontificians. “Sabinus,” said I, “what men wish they dream; only take care that the next gazette does not report to the world, in less honorable terms, your most noble exploit, which after a whole decade has gone up in smoke. For this is the first reward that awaits you for a deed well and splendidly done.” He praised my friendly spirit, and we parted. Henceforth, then, the very confident man will serve in the Roman camp. Whatever the man’s φιλαυτία is, there too he will throw everything into confusion. But they can restrain their errors by a penal judgment. I saw the inquiry entitled and sent concerning the very ample loan of Talx. I cannot sufficiently wonder at the inexhaustible abundance of arguments. I scarcely believe that anyone will hereafter dare to bring that case against you. Certainly, though you threaten a response in writing against yourself, if any such there be, I beg you not to delay this matter any longer. And seriously consider that since you have lived there, you have brought forth scarcely anything except by the prompting of another and by nibbling; nor has your Minerva alone given birth to any offspring worthy of your great brain. Let either the Primacy or the Military service come forward, and you will obtain the place promised and granted, but not yet fulfilled. Nay, press your Primacy, which must be excluded either now or never, with the recent Pope seated at Rome, with whom I know not whether we agree sufficiently well. He certainly deceived the gaping raven, when, instead of the other one he had promised, he nominated a Pole as Cardinal. Others think differently of my words, supposing that I expected from you only an explanation of the Greek phrase, not also of the sense which I believed it contained. ἐγιο ἡαρε μόνον ἐν πιτὰ, αἰτιο ἐγι τὴς διανοίας καλῶν σε ἐγι πισοῦ ἐκησητητῶν ἐγνῶμα. But since matters depend wholly on the words, he who asks about these things ought not to be said to have them besides. Yet the Theologians fear lest others should lay open their Mysteries. But you, from whom, as all confess, nothing is hidden, and whom I myself never cease to proclaim aloud, how could I have summoned you only to the tribunal of the Grammarians? The same men show little favor to Philosophy’s novice Professor, whom they say has spoken less skillfully about that most noble science, P 3
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CL. S A R R A V I I tum, quamvis ter te patronum suum laudaverit ignobilis Cliens. Nisi lau- tiores epulas creditoribus suis in posterum instruat, nescio, inquiunt, an amicus noster istius generis homines sit aliquando commendaturus. Me quo- que pedum morbus æquinoctio verno invasit sed remissius. Credo quia a sorbendis singulis mensibus catapotiis, binas ternasve Lunas cessavi. Usurpanda sunt hæc ergo & frequentanda mihi remedia, quæ ipso malo, prout eo nunc afficior, magis sunt molesta. Audio novissima tua opuscula istic jam publicata & gaudeo. Samuel Sorberius boni quondam Petiti nepos, in eo est ut istinc huc profectionem adornet. Si quid mihi tradendum, ei credideris, fidum & amicum virum sine dubio experieris. Rivetus de ejus discessu poterit te tempestive monere. Interea Senatus hic noster pristinæ Richelianæ servituti ab optima Regina, vel potius ab ejus magis , mancipatur. Tres enim levissima, immo nulla de causa, exulare nudius tertius jussi, dum quartus Præses Barillonius, in arcem & carcerem Pignerolianum deducitur. Omnem hactenus movimus lapidem, ut hæc injuria sarciretur, sed frustra: unde verendumest, ne ad extrema, quod absit & avertat Deus Opt. Max. deveniatur. Sed male ominari desino, simul & plura scribere. Te tuamque ego & mea salutamus. Lutetiæ Parisior. Pridie. Kalendas Apriles 10 de XLV. Faustini Moisfessi de bello Foro Iuliensi librum Italicum ad me remittendum servat dudum Latius noster, cujus etiam Sorberium optatim esse latorem: nec hoc amicissimus juvenis recusaverit, cum præterea alia in re operam meam requirat. E P I S T O L A C X V. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. Velit nolit sup[er]idne noster, mihi tibi & omnibus æqui bonique amantibus, semper Magnus erit Hugo Grotius. Optimus ille est, qui vitiis minimis urgetur, nemo enim sine ullis nascitur. Eminentissimus quondam Richelius, ingeniorum acerrimus æstimator, tres tantum sæculi sui summa eruditione insignes viros magni faciebat; TE, GROTIUM, & BIGNONUM. Cæteros in ordinem cogebat veluti plebem sine nomine. Quis ausit hanc convellere sententiam, ut hunc triplicem funiculum rumpat, vel ut quartus vobis accedat? Omnino rumpitur invidia, qui dignas laudes bene de litteris merito heroi negat. Quærebas nuper, quid idem ille Zoilus de tuis novissimis operibus censeret. Id autem scribere quia oblitus eram, jam ipsissima ejus verba apponam, quæ habentur in illis, quas heri ab eo accepi. Amici nostribina volumina de Mutuo & de jure Græco Romano omnium manibus teruntur, molefatis ampla. Ludatur & prædicatur ab omnibus auctoristara & non vulgaris doctrina. Sed non placent ca- villa-
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CL. SARRAVII though the obscure client has praised you as his patron three times. Unless he provide his creditors with more lavish meals in future, I know not, they say, whether our friend will ever again recommend men of that sort. The ailment of my feet attacked me too at the vernal equinox, though more mildly. I believe it is because I have ceased to take those pills, one each month, skipping two or three moons. These remedies must therefore be used by me and used often, though they are more troublesome for the very malady itself, as I am now affected by it. I hear that your latest little works have now been published there, and I am glad. Samuel Sorberius, grandson of the late good Petit, is in the act of arranging his departure from there to here. If there is anything for me to be handed over, if you entrust it to him, you will undoubtedly find him a faithful and friendly man. Rivetus will be able to warn you in good time about his departure. Meanwhile our Senate here is being handed over by the best Queen, or rather by her more , to its former Richelieu service. For three men were, the day before yesterday, ordered into exile for the lightest reason, indeed for no reason at all, while a fourth, President Barillonius, is being led to the citadel and the Pignerol prison. We have hitherto turned every stone in order that this injury might be repaired, but in vain: whence it is to be feared that the worst may come, which may God avert and forbid, O Best and Greatest. But I cease from ill omens, and from writing more at the same time. I salute you and yours, and mine too. At Paris, the day before the Kalends of April, 1645. Our Latin friend has long been keeping for me to send back the Italian book of Faustini Moisfessi on the war of Friuli, and I have desired that Sorberius should be the bearer of it: nor would that most friendly young man refuse this, since he asks my help in another matter besides. E P I S T O L A C XV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. Whether he will or no, our man above, for me, for you, and for all who love fairness and goodness, Hugo Grotius will always be Great. He is the best man who is burdened only by the smallest faults; for no one is born without any. The most eminent Richelieu, formerly the sharpest judge of talents, used to count only three men of his age, distinguished by the highest learning, as truly great: YOU, GROTIUS, and BIGNON. He ranked all the others in the common order, like a nameless crowd. Who would dare to overturn this judgment, to break this triple cord, or to let a fourth be added to you? Envy is utterly broken in the man who denies the praises due to a hero well deserving of letters. You recently asked what that same Zoilus thought of your latest works. And because I had forgotten to write this, I shall now add his very own words, which are found in those I received from him yesterday. The two volumes of our friend on Mutuum and on Greek and Roman law are being thumbed by all hands, a great mass. The author is praised and celebrated by all for his rare and not commonplace learning. But the jests do not please-
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villationes innumera, sarcasmi & convitia. Ipsa etiam tenuia scriptionis argumenta minus delectant. Non existimo eum ad alia digressurum, donec Militiam & Primatum ad exitum perduxerit. Hæc ille. Ubi ea viderimus, sincere & sine ullo livore judicabimus. Tu vero scripsisti quidem accepisse te libros fasciculis a Campio traditis involutos, sed quid de illis sentires, non significasti. An adhuc bina illa Romanæ Ecclesiæ capita minuere paras? Quid Marcæ Primatus, quid Imperium summarum potestatum circa sacra, quid Amyraldi Gratia Universalis semper & ubique prædicanda tibi adrident? In hisce quatuor litibus pronuncia. Spanhemii diligentiam cum summa modestia conjunctam satis laudare non possum. Has ipsas virtutes ambitiosè colit magnus ejus adversarius, nec in respondendo diem de die trahet. Nihil mali ab hoc dissidio Ecclesiæ metuo, modo in proposito hanc animi moderationem fervandi persistent. Quin immo hæc famosa controversia non obscuram lucem inde mutuabitur. De Sabinorum somniis, Sealigeranæ apud Festum lacunæ repletio eximia plane est, & pro indicina habeo gratias. Sed dictat ille, non docet: unde enim ea habeat. Sabinorum facilia & gratissima somnia non explicat, cum tamen in hoc proverbio a se eruto sese jactet. An ei injurato credi par est? Ita malo, quam præterea istis futilibus te vexare. Non recusabit Launæus meus tibi erga Douchantium suum gratificari. Sed illam tantum quam proposui conditionem adimple, nec in eo postea mora erit ulla. Alias veretur de secundo beneficio eum interpellare, cui de priore nulla a te gratia relata vel habita sit. Quod itaque dudum a te factum oportuit jam effice, & officio nostro non decimus. Interea servet te Deus cum tota domo incolumem. Hæc vovemus & optamus. Lutetii Parisior. 15. Apri- lis 1645. pridie Paschatis. EPISTOLA CXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Occasione postremarum tuarum adii Petitum Camusatæ viduæ generum, qui Elzeviriorum negotia jam hic procurat, & de Comatæ tuæ Epistolæ exemplaribus eum interpellavi. Exhibuit ille novendecim, quæ cum unde- nis dudum a me præceptis, tricenarium tuum numerum explent. Tria tuo nomi- ne, ut olim scripsisse memini, donavi Croio, Amyraldo & Langlæo. Reliqua, quia me eorum liberum dispensatorem constituisti, distribui in Cardinalem Ma- zarinum, Cancellarium, Principem senatus Molæum, Baillolium, Coadjutorem, Emerium Bautravium, Briennæum, Comitem Lomenium, Bignonium, Talæum, Rancæum, Fangisium, Bourdclotium, Justellum, Puteanos, Bullialdum, Bo- chardum, Morum, Launæum, Falcarium, Mestrezatium, Drelincurtium, Alberti- num, Dallæum, Blondellum & Menagium. Unum super est Memmio, Bellauræo, Thuano, Milleterio, Labbæo, Balzacio, Clementi, Maussaco, vel cui libuerit tibi statue-
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Countless vilifications, sarcasms, and insults. Even the very slight arguments of the writing are not very pleasing. I do not think that he will turn to other matters until he has brought the Militia and the Primacy to an end. Such are his words. When we have seen them, we shall judge sincerely and without any prejudice. As for you, indeed you wrote that you had received the books wrapped in the bundles handed over by Campius, but you did not indicate what you thought of them. Are you still planning to diminish those two heads of the Roman Church? What of Mark’s Primacy, what of the authority of the highest powers over sacred matters, what of Amyraut’s Universal Grace, to be preached always and everywhere, pleases you? Pronounce on these four disputes. I cannot praise enough Spanheim’s diligence joined with the greatest modesty. His great adversary also zealously cultivates these same virtues, and in replying he will not drag the matter from day to day. I fear no harm to the Church from this disagreement, provided they persist in keeping this moderation of spirit in the matter proposed. Nay rather, this famous controversy will borrow from it no obscure light. As for Sabinus’s dreams, the filling of the gap in Festus among Scaliger’s notes is truly excellent, and I thank you for the hint. But he dictates, he does not teach: whence indeed does he get it? He does not explain the easy and most pleasing dreams of Sabinus, though he boasts of himself in this proverb he has dug out. Is it right to believe him on his word? I prefer it so, rather than to vex you further with these trifles. My Launæus will not refuse to oblige you on behalf of his Douchantius. But fulfill only that condition which I proposed, and there will afterward be no delay at all in that matter. Otherwise he fears to ask for a second favor from one for whom no thanks for the first have been returned or received from you. Therefore do now what long ago ought to have been done by you, and do not fail in our duty. Meanwhile may God keep you safe, together with your whole household. This we pray and wish. At Paris, 15 April 1645, on the eve of Easter. LETTER 116. Mr. SARRAVIUS to Claude Saumaise. Leiden. On the occasion of your latest letters, I went to see Petit, the son-in-law of Madame Camusat, who now manages the business of the Elzeviers here, and I questioned him about the copies of your letter to Comat. He showed nineteen, which, together with the eleven long since received from me, make up your total of thirty. Three, in your name, as I remember I once wrote, I gave to Croius, Amyraut, and Langlœus. The rest, since you made me their free distributor, I distributed to Cardinal Mazarin, the Chancellor, the President of the Parlement Molé, Baillole, the Coadjutor, Emerius Bautravius, Briennæus, the Count of Lomenie, Bignon, Talæus, Rancæus, Fangisius, Bourdclotius, Justellus, Puteanus, Bullialdus, Bochardus, Morus, Launæus, Falcarius, Mestrezatius, Drelincurtius, Albertinus, Dallæus, Blondellus, and Menagius. One remains for Memmius, Bellaureus, Thuanus, Milleterius, Labbæus, Balzacius, Clement, Maussacus, or whomever you please to appoint.
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Ludunum Batavorum. Vidi Confutationem Thesium Franekeranarum, cum inscriptione nomi- nis mei: & in isto æterno amicitiæ nostræ monumento triumpho & gaudeo. Quid pro ista in me collata, gratia dicam an immortalitate, tibi rependam? præter gratiarum actionem nihil habeo. Hanc ergo a me accipe quantum cogitare possum maximam. Nam quemadmodum voluisti immerito amico tantum honorem decernere, scito gratum animum meum hoc immensum beneficium tuum perpetuo cultu & observantia esse prosequuturum. Iam credo vides non posse mihi probari, quod ais par esse, ut id mihi parvum videatur: quinimo tanti illud facio, ut hodie demum natum me gratuler mihi; nec unquam in hac vita simile gaudium sperem. Ægre fero podagram ita pertinaciter te vexare, ut liberum pedum usum & ingressum in Musæum prohibeat. Tantum enim immensæ eruditionis perit literis, quantum temporis crudelis & socors illa hospita sanitati tuæ eripit. Sed quia multa ferre necesse est mortalem mala, æquo animo feramus, quod mutari non potest. Heraldi quere- las,
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Leiden in Batavia. I have seen the Confutation of the Franeker Theses , with my name inscribed on it; and in that eternal monument of our friendship I triumph and rejoice. What shall I repay you for this favor bestowed upon me, or for this immortality, shall I say, or grace? I have nothing except gratitude. So receive from me this, as great as I can conceive it to be. For since you have chosen, undeservedly, to confer so great an honor on a friend, know that my grateful mind will forever pursue this immense benefit of yours with devotion and regard. Now I believe you see that I cannot approve what you say, that it is fitting that it should seem small to me: on the contrary, I value it so highly that I congratulate myself as though I were born only today; nor do I ever hope for a joy like it in this life. I am grieved that podagra torments you so persistently that it keeps you from the free use of your feet and from coming to the Museum. For just as much time does that cruel and idle guest steal from your health as is lost to letters from that vast learning. But since many evils must be borne by mortals, let us bear with a calm mind what cannot be changed. Heraldi's complaints,
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EPISTOLA. 121 las, furias, minas alii scribent. Parum enim juvat istud lutum tractare. At ecce ex Cyrilli Alexandrini Homilia Paschali quarta, quod ei apprime conve- niat, To me[n]n πεπιχδα εν ποίς [με]λοσι, Φρονειν δε μελον [n]o[n] ομερ ισμεν, ποις τω γελαδω δικαιω [n]o[n] πινδυνω [n]o[n] αμοιρεν. Dum dentibus frendit & icit femur, nobis licebit Advocatum Parisiensem deridere, qui dum aliena vineta cedere voluit, luit poenas a forti manu acerbissimas. Per bibliopugi tarditatem non- dum licuit integrum tuum librum evolvere. Placuit tamen, quod statim ini- tio παρησωτιν εργιν expugnare libuit. Generosi scilicet est Imperatoris ho- stiles fortiores copias primum invadere; quibus fusis animus reliquis labascit, & victoria est certa. Sed de Dialogo quid dicam? Ex stylo nusquam proditus fuisses: adeo a solita scribendi ratione deflexisti. Deinde podagricum istis jocis & fictionibus indulgere quis credat? In ipso argumento nihil argutius aut elegantius dici potest. Nec Leydenses aut Ultrajectini pares tibi sint, junctis licet viribus adversentur. Vale tu ac tua a me meaque. Lutetiæ Paris. xxvi I. April. c15 I xc xlv. Tentamentum de Anglia me totum commovit, ut & quod addis de infidelitate amicorum istius coeli. Deus meliora, & fu- tura commodius juxa tuam vitam & sincerissimam mentem disponat. Si sci- vit Grotius te in novissimis libris aliquoties eum arguisse, ea procul dubio causa fuerit, cur te insalutato Leydam pertransierit. Cum enim hinc discessit, neu- tiquam erga te male affectus erat. EPISTOLA CXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Batavorum. M Agnas & graves fuisse rationes vult Milleterius propter quas a nobis de- fecit: easque ne quem lateant, scripto, consignavit. Ego sum ab au- ctore donatus cum altero exemplari ad te mittendo, quod prima amici occa- sione curabo. Omnia generalia & inspeciem composita fucatæ pietatis, quæ potius meram malignitatem prodant. Noli credere unius hominis, cujus no- men præfert, opus esse: Plures Sorbonistæ, quorum amuleto munitum est, suos centones isti purpuræ adtexuere. Philippus quoque Codurcus eandem cum istosuo amico viam institit. Nescio quantum ex ista bina apostasia Pon- tificii lucri fecerint, nos certe nihil amissimus: immo est quod lætemur eos a nobis exiisse, quos variis molestiis afficiebant. Ut autem scias me verum olim tibi dixisse, posse scilicet, quotiescunque id expeterem, suscitare sopi- tam & emortuampene me inter & Grotium amicitiam, scito me ad eum adiis- se & amicissime exceptum & habitum. Recta in Suediam iter instituit, Re- gina ita jubente, relicta hic conjuge & familia. De suis Henoticis multa di- xit: hoc præcipue notandum, se nullius propositionis, a se ea de re allatæ in medium, poenitentia duci. Tum Blondelli, Falcarii & Albertini opera de Eucharistia summam laudem mereri: hoc se semper & ubique esse professurum; Q sæ-
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EPISTLE. 121 Others will write of slanders, furies, threats. For it is of little use to handle such dirt. But behold, from Cyril of Alexandria’s fourth Paschal Homily, something that fits him very well: “To me[n]n πεπιχδα εν ποίς [με]λοσι, Φρονειν δε μελον [n]o[n] ομερ ισμεν, ποις τω γελαδω δικαιω [n]o[n] πινδυνω [n]o[n] αμοιρεν.” While he gnashes his teeth and strikes his thigh, we shall be allowed to mock the Parisian Advocate, who, while he wished to cut down another man’s vineyards, paid the bitterest penalties at a strong hand. Because of the bookseller’s slowness, I have not yet been able to go through your whole book. Yet I was pleased that from the very beginning you wanted to storm the παρησωτιν εργιν. It is surely the mark of a noble emperor to attack first the stronger hostile forces; when these are routed, the spirits of the rest falter, and victory is certain. But what shall I say about the Dialogue? By its style you would nowhere have been betrayed; so much have you departed from your usual manner of writing. And then, who would believe that a gouty man could indulge in such jokes and fictions? In the subject itself, nothing more ingenious or elegant can be said. Nor should the men of Leiden or Utrecht be your equals, though they oppose you with united forces. Farewell, you and yours, from me and mine. Paris, April 26, 1645. Your attempt concerning England has moved me deeply, as has what you add about the unfaithfulness of the friends of that climate. God grant better things, and arrange future affairs more fittingly in accordance with your life and your most sincere mind. If Grotius knew that in the latest books you had more than once criticized him, that doubtless was the reason why he passed through Leiden without greeting you. For when he departed from here, he was by no means ill-disposed toward you. EPISTLE CXVIII. Mr. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leyden, in Holland. Milleterius says that grave and weighty reasons existed for his defection from us; and, lest they should be unknown to anyone, he has set them down in writing. I have been given by the author another copy to send to you, which I shall take care to do on the first opportunity offered by a friend. Everything is general and apparently arranged with painted piety, which rather betrays sheer malice. Do not believe it to be the work of one man whose name it bears: several Sorbonnists, whose protection it is fortified by, have stitched their patchwork onto that purple garment. Philip Codurcus too has taken the same path with his friend. I do not know how much profit the Papists have made from this double apostasy; certainly we have lost nothing: indeed we have reason to rejoice that they have gone from us, since they were burdening us with various troubles. And so that you may know I once told you the truth, namely that whenever I wished I could revive the friendship, almost asleep and nearly dead, between myself and Grotius, know that I went to him and was received and treated most amicably. He set out straight for Sweden, the Queen having ordered it, leaving here his wife and family. He said much about his Henotics; above all this should be noted, that he is brought to no repentance for any proposition put forward by him on that subject. Then, that the work of Blondel, Falcarius, and Albertinus on the Eucharist deserves the highest praise: this, he said, he would always and everywhere profess; Q
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122 CL. SARRAVIUS sævitiam adversus dissidentes in religionis negotio, nec in ipsos Socinianos toto animo aversari: satis hilaris & festivus mihi visus est, uxor vero subtristis. Diepam nudius tertius profectus est, ut Hamburgensem navem conscendat, quæ eum ad Magnam Christinam deferat. Audi jam magnum, quod putasti mihi a te creditum arcanum, Haga mihi revelatum. Definit Spanhemii ad- versus Amyraldum labor Marii typographi prælum exercere, quia ab eo exegit Salmasius noster, ut quinque sexve octadia adversus Theses Dematii Professo- ris Ultrajectini, statim excuderet. Ita semper aliquid intervenit, quo ab eo quod præcipuum esse debet avocetur. Hæc ille. Nec mirum est opera tua ita vulgari, antequam a te publicata sint. Merx per se vendibilis, adhuc vendi- bilior te institore evadit. Non inficetum est quod de Bononiensis Senatus De- creto narras. Quid? Bononienses de te vocando cogitant, & juris Canonici stratam & longam cathedram tibi parare scribit Licetus Fortunatus! Gratula- tioni me offero. Quidni etiam ipse Innocens Decimus te in Collegium Ro- manum vocet? Iungentur jam grÿphes equis. Æternum in tua Batavia sedem tene Magni literarum & literatorum Arbitri. Hæc sunt non Sabinorum sed ægrorum & stultorum somnia. Non sine difficultate obtinuisse me credo a Lau- næo meo, ut ad Douchantium suum de te scriberet, quod ut per proximum ta- bellarium fiat, efficere conabor. Id autem obtinui, quia ei dixi velle te in aulam proficisci, ut Principi & amico suo gratias ageres. Ita scripserat Burgonis: sed de Serenissimo tantum. A me meaque, tu tuaque valete. Lutetiæ Parisior. XXIX. Aprilis. CICIX XLV. EPISTOLA CXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Isaaco Vossio. Amstelodamum. Iucunda mihi est & suavis illa tua sollicitudo, qua diuturnum tuum silen- tium adeo diligenter excusas: cum eam non dubitem ab amicitia proficisci. Sed hoc dum agis, videris morum meorum, meique, quem minore appa- ratu adire poteras, esse oblitus. Ego enim si quisquam alius, omnem istum externum cultum parvi facio, in amicorum sincera benevolentia securus. At ingenium tuum immensa & nobili eruditione foetum, semper suspexi: amo- rem autem erga me tuum ingratus sim, si amare unquam desinam. Et unum me cruciat, nempe non potuisse me ulla satis convenienti ratione tibi testari hunc animum meum tui studiosissimum. Minutulis enim officiis quæ tibi libentissi- me præstiti, majus pretium ponis, quam ut beneficiorum nomen mercantur. Dum adhuc premis Ignatium tuum, est quod queramur, te spes & gaudia no- stra diutius morari. Vide igitur ut statim fidem liberes: & cum studiosis an- tiquitatis Ecclesiasticæ sacrum illud depositum communices; magno tuæ famæ & honoris incremento. Quidni autem & Barnabæ Epistolam adjungas? In- quire autem diligenter in ejus : adhuc enim viri magni ambigunt de
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122 CL. SARRAVIUS his severity against those who differ in religion, and not to be wholly opposed even to the Socinians themselves: he seemed to me sufficiently cheerful and lively; his wife, however, somewhat sad. The day before yesterday he set out for Dieppe, in order to board the Hamburg ship that is to carry him to Christina the Great. Listen now to the important matter, which you thought was a secret entrusted to me by you, but which was revealed to me at The Hague. Spanheim has decided to set the printer Marius’s press to work against Amyraldus, because Salmasius of ours has required of him that he should immediately print five or six sheets against the Theses of Dematius, Professor at Utrecht. Thus something always intervenes to divert him from what ought to be his chief concern. So he said. Nor is it surprising that your works should be so widely circulated before they have been published by you. Merchandise that is saleable in itself becomes even more saleable when you are its distributor. What you tell of the decree of the Bolognese Senate is not unpleasant. What? The Bolognese are thinking of summoning you, and Licetus Fortunatus writes that a long and spacious chair in Canon Law is being prepared for you! I offer my congratulations. Why should not Innocent X himself call you to the Roman College? Now gryphons will be yoked with horses. Remain forever in your Batavia as the great arbiter of letters and of men of letters. These are not the dreams of Sabines, but of the sick and foolish. I believe that I have not without difficulty obtained from my Launæus that he should write to his own Douchantius about you; I shall try to make this happen by the next messenger. And I obtained this because I told him that you wished to go to court, to thank the Prince and his friend. Thus Burgonis had written: but only about the Most Serene Prince. Farewell from me and mine, and from you and yours. Paris, 29 April. 1545. EPISTLE CXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Isaac Vossius. Amsterdam. That concern of yours is pleasing and agreeable to me, with which you so carefully excuse your long silence: since I do not doubt that it springs from friendship. But while you are doing this, you seem to have forgotten my character and myself, whom you could have approached with less formality. For I, if anyone, make little of all outward display, being secure in the sincere goodwill of friends. But your mind, rich with immense and noble learning, I have always admired; and if I ever cease to love you, I shall be ungrateful for your affection toward me. And only one thing troubles me: that I have not been able, by any sufficiently fitting means, to show you this devotion of mine, so eager in your service. For the small services which I have most gladly rendered you, you place a greater value than the name of benefits can bear. While you are still pressing your Ignatius, there is reason for us to complain that you are delaying our hopes and joys longer. See to it, therefore, that you release your promise at once; and share that sacred deposit with the lovers of ecclesiastical antiquity, to the great increase of your fame and honor. And why not add the Epistle of Barnabas as well? But inquire diligently into it: for still great men are uncertain about
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EPISTOLA. 123 de ejus veritate. Nec monachi, qui eam nuper hic edidit labor, quanquam alias non contemnendus, deterrere te debet ut eam intactam omittas. Anti- ochus, de quo quæris, extat in Bibliotheca Patrum Græco-Latina: excerptum autem quod desiderabas, ecce hic habes, ab erudita & eleganti manu Blondelli nostri. Optarem quoque ut Batavus vester æternum siluisset, nec putissimos facerum literarum fontes suis sordibus turbasset & inquinasset; nisi ex ista fæce, mirabile dictu, enatam immarcescibilem coronam Salmasius nolter decerpsisset, & capiti suo aptasset. Desinam longior esse, ubi te rogavero, ut judicium de me tuum tuearis; & quem amare semel voluisti, ista tua gratia porro beare velis. Maximum & immortali vita dignissimum virum, parentem tuum, omni cultu & observantia me prosequi, testari hic mihi, quæso liceat, cum plurima a me salute. Vale. Lutet. Parisior. v. Maji. CIC 13C XLV. EPISTOLA CXX. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Cum non nescias quam perverse & quam maligne de tuis scriptis sentire so- leat , miror te ejus judicia adeo cupide rimari & exquirere. Ex postremis meis cognoveris eum juxta tecum scire, quis sit auctor Dialogi de Coma: & Hagiensem buccinam hanc famam per universum orbem jam longe lateque sparsisse. Hæc quia ita vis, de te habentur in novissimis aulici Theologiliteris. Salmasius noster nondum plane podagra liberatus, manum tamen non tollit de suo Primatu. Interea prodiit de Coma Dialogus primus Casario & Curtio interlocutoribus cum hac epigraphe, has nugas seria ducere autore L. B. 7. M. Scriptum est satyrico sale aspersum, occasione Thesium Dematii de eodem argumento. Auctor non vult nomen suum sciri, sed se tibi prodes & procul dubio ad temittet: sed multos inter Verbi Divini Ministros & Theologos valde contemptim traduxit. Quidquid autem fecerit ut lateret, stylus ejus non potest ita velari, quin dignoscatur. Hæc ille. Ubi id viderimus, sententiam fine odio & livore feremus. Quod autem narras de Schotani ad me Epistola, non potest non esse jucundissimum. Sed unde ego magno illi viro notus? Hoc me tibi debere necesse est, quem ita amas, ut tenuitatem meam supra meritum esseras: unde mihi video enatam amplam gloriæ & honoris messem. At utrumque vellem, & ipsius nobilissimi Jurisconsulti pretiosam manum & epistolam editam. Credo enim posse typothetas ita eam suis formis describere, ne ipsum mihi pereat. Si tamen eligere me oportet, excudatur; hoc malo. Interea super expectatione postremorum tuorum operum misere cruciamur. Quando ea habituri sumus? Cura quæso ut statim illis nos amantissimi fruamur. Donavi Grotio discedenti exemplar de Coma, quod de tricenis supererat: & hoc fuit reconciliationis nostræ præmium. Quia jam Legati personam deposuerat, existimasset se ideo esse contemptum. Noli Q 2 ergo
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EPISTLE. 123 about its truth. Nor ought the work of the monk, who lately published it here, though not otherwise to be despised, deter you from passing it over untouched. Antiochus, of whom you ask, is found in the Bibliotheca Patrum Graeco-Latina; and the excerpt you desired, behold, you have it here, from the learned and elegant hand of our Blondel. I would also wish that your Batavian had kept silent forever, and had not disturbed and defiled the purest fountains of letters with his filth; unless from that dung, wonderful to say, Salmasius our man had not plucked an unfading crown and fitted it to his own head. I shall cease being longer, after I have asked you to protect your judgment about me; and that, whom once you were willing to love, you would be pleased to continue favoring with that kindness of yours. I ask leave here to testify that I follow with every mark of reverence and respect the most eminent man, worthy of immortal life, your father, with the deepest greetings from me. Farewell. Paris, 5 May, 1645. EPISTLE CXX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Since you are not unaware how perversely and how maliciously he is accustomed to think about your writings, I wonder that you are so eager to pry into and seek out his judgments. From my last letter you will have learned that he knows as well as you do who is the author of the Dialogue on Coma; and that the Haguenau trumpeter has already spread this report far and wide throughout the whole world. Since you wish it so, that is how matters stand about you in the latest court theologian letters. Our Salmasius, though not yet fully recovered from gout, does not however take his hand off his Primacy. Meanwhile there has appeared the first Dialogue on Coma, with Caesar and Curtius as interlocutors, under this heading: to treat these trifles seriously, by the author L. B. 7. M. It is written sprinkled with satirical salt, on the occasion of Dematius’s Theses on the same subject. The author does not wish his name to be known, but says that he has great use for you and will doubtless send it to you: but he has spoken very contemptuously of many among the Ministers of the Divine Word and theologians. But whatever he has done to remain concealed, his style cannot be so masked that it will not be recognized. So says he. When we have seen that, we shall give our opinion without hatred or envy. As for what you tell of Schotanus’s letter to me, it cannot but be most welcome. But how am I known to that great man? I must owe this to you, who love me so much that you esteem my small worth beyond its merit: from this I see a wide harvest of glory and honor arising for me. Yet I should like both, both the precious hand of that most noble jurist himself and the published letter. For I believe that the printers can so reproduce it in their types that the original will not be lost to me. If, however, I must choose, let it be printed; I prefer that. Meanwhile we are miserably tormented by expectation of your latest works. When shall we have them? Please see to it that we may at once enjoy them, as your most affectionate friends. I gave Grotius, as he was departing, a copy of the Coma, the one that remained out of thirty; and this was the reward of our reconciliation. Because he had already laid aside the role of Envoy, he had supposed that he was therefore being held in contempt. Do not therefore...
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. ME quoque male habet ista tua sæpiuscule recurrens, licet ex intervallo, febricula: utque ea insuavi hospita simul & altera, podagra scilicet, non minus molesta, omnino libereris, opto & voveo. Magno me gaudio affecisti probando judicium meum in distribuendis tuis Comatis exemplaribus. Verebar quippe ne existimares me potius consiliis meis, quam tuis rationibus obtemperasse. Utinam autem velles semel ad me misisse amicorum tuorum catalogum cum distinctione primæ & secundæ admissionis. Te inter & me, nullo alio conscio, lateret, & magno me fasce levares. Credo per hunc ipsum tabellarium Launæum meum ad Douchantium suum esse scripturum: quod ut ei facilius foret, literas integras ipse composui, ab illo tantum describendas. Quia non possum hodie eum adire, tantum post octiduum rescisces, quid ille egerit. De uno solo negotio, ex meliori tua sententia, rogatus est. Si per Hermannidem remittas librum manuscriptum de Imperiis Summarum Potestatum circa sacra, nolim id fiat sine censura tua. Hanc enim pro usura codicis mei postulo. Poterit idem ille ad me referre Italicum librum dudum ad Latium nostrum missum. Quidnietiam, si velit scilicet aut possit, aliquot exemplaria novissimorum operum tuorum ei tradas? Nam quæ per maritimum iter huc veniunt, diutius in via hærere solent, quam ut post tantam moram, aliquam suam venustatem non perdant. Interea crucior dulci expectatione, quam tamen, unam tuam libertatem cogitans, levius fero. Eam si adhuc minuere potes, magnam a me gratiam inieris. De silentiosuo rationem reddet Iacobus Puteanus, cum enim tempestive monui. Dicam jam tibi certissimam rationem, qua Batavis tuis probes te non esse auctorem Dialogi de Coma: Nempe si lacessitus non respondeas. Ut enim tantam morositatem & acerbitatem Dialogista impune ferat, vix est ut ipse credas. Verum ex his, quæ non ita pridem ad te scripsi, liquido cognoveris, typographum tuum hoc facinus satis multos non celasse. Vale tu cum tua a me ac mea. Lutetiæ Parisior. XII. Maji. c13 IC XLV. Apostasiæ Milleterianæ causas ad te deferet Nicolaus
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. I am also ill at ease with that little fever of yours, which keeps recurring from time to time, though with intervals; and I pray and wish that you may be wholly freed from it, and from that unwelcome guest as well, namely the gout, no less troublesome. You have greatly delighted me by approving my judgment in distributing your copies of the Comata. For I was afraid that you might think I had yielded rather to my own counsel than to your reasons. Would that you would once send me the list of your friends, with the distinction of first and second admission. Between you and me, with no one else aware of it, it would remain hidden, and you would relieve me of a heavy burden. I believe that through this same messenger I shall be writing to my little Launæus about his Douchantius: and in order that this may be easier for him, I myself composed the letters in full, to be copied only by him. Since I cannot see him today, you will learn only after eight days what he has done. He has been asked about only one matter, according to your better judgment. If you send back by Hermannides the manuscript book On the Empires of Supreme Powers concerning sacred matters, I should not wish it to be done without your censure. For I demand this as the hire for the use of my codex. The same man may also report to me on the Italian book long ago sent to our Latium. Why not also, if he be willing and able, give him a few copies of your latest works? For those that come here by sea usually linger so long on the way that, after such delay, they do not fail to lose some of their charm. Meanwhile I am tormented by sweet expectation, though I bear it the more lightly when I consider your one liberty. If you can still lessen it, you will earn great thanks from me. James Puteanus will give an account of your silence, since I warned him in good time. I will now tell you the surest reason by which you may prove to your Batavians that you are not the author of the Dialogue on the Coma: namely, if, when challenged, you do not answer. For that the Dialogist should go unpunished for so great a wilfulness and bitterness is scarcely believable. Yet from what I wrote to you not long ago, you will clearly have learned that your printer did not conceal this deed from very many. Farewell, you and yours from me and mine. At Paris, 12 May 1645. Nicolas will bring you the causes of the Milleterian apostasy.
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EPISTOLA. 125 laus Bigotius perditissimæ & profligatissimæ adolescentiæ nebulo; nepostamen meus. Istuc a Parente mittitur, ut militiæ tyrocinium sub magnis ducibus ponat. Cave credas a me eum tibi commendari: si ad meliorem frugem redierit, tum bonorum amicitiam merebitur. EPISTOLA CXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Statim atque certior factus est Launæus te ad amicum suum scripsisse, non nolens nec invitus ad eum de mandatis officiis preces allegavit, ut ex ipsis literis, quas nuper ad te nisi, cognoveris. Nec dubitare debes negotium ita melius processisse, quam si secundum rogaturus advenisset, priore bene- ficio quasi contemptum habito. Libentius jam tibi vacabit, & modo episto- la tempestive reddita fuerit, non vana spes est posse tuam Caiam postulata impetrare. Spem fecerat aliquando Rivetus posse istic edi Criticam Sacram Capelli. Te auctore eum adieram, ne scilicet si ejus operam insuper habuis- sem, benigna consilia tua turbasset. Jam vero Salmuriensium odium ita eum totum habet, ut aperte dicat sibi religioni esse hoc opus typographo commen- dare. Nec suam esse tantum hanc sententiam, sed etiam Constantini Impe- ratoris & Golii. Vide quæso an ita sit, & binos illos Leydenses Rabbinos super hoc interroga. Illis enim contra nitentibus vix sperare istic ausim ullum typographicum numen propitium. Certe de hoc optimi & doctissimi viri la- bore, veluti de ditissimo sacræ eruditionis thesauro sententiam dixit olim Petitus, consentientibus, qui adhuc vivunt, immortalitate dignissi- mis heroibus Grotio, Bochardo, Bignonio, Dallæo. Quia suasi auctori ut de prælis vestris cogitaret, omnem lubens moverem lapidem, ut voti com- pos fieret. Nunquid Amstelodami aliquid obtineri posset? Possum efficere ut Bochardus cum Vossio commendet. At, inquiunt, possunt maligni & imperiti hæc doctrina abuti. Quasi vero eorum præ bonis & doctis ulla ra- tio habenda sit? quasi rebus optimis non abutantur quotidie homines pessi- mi? Hic rogo te adjuva nos & laborantibus fer opem. Bonum est quod Hollandiæ Ordinibus Primatum tuum destinas, nec ab isto proposito ullis precibus dimovearis. Ut chartæ quod superest repleam, quomodo explicas in Apocalypsi Ioannis Cap II. 7. Ποῦν λευκὴν ἀγίοι ὑπο ὑδονα ἐε- καμμένον ὃ άδεις ἰγνία &c. Hoc enim mihi difficile videtur quod ἐπιστο- spectat. Sensus mysticus & certissimus est eorum, qui de Spiritus Sancti donis hunc locum intelligunt. At in verbis ipsis parum inest obscuritatis. Vulgo de calculis absolutoriis exponuntur. Petitus Variar. Lect. lib. 1. cap. 8. de tessera commodius id explicare videtur. Tu quæso facem accende & sequar libentissime. Vale tu ac tua a me meaque. Lutetiæ Pari- sior. 19. Maji 1645. Q3 EPI-
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EPISTLE 125 laus Bigotius, a rascal of the most depraved and debauched youth; nevertheless my stepson. This is sent by the Father, that he may enter upon his first military service under great commanders. Do not believe that I commend him to you from my own initiative: if he returns to a better way of life, then he will deserve the friendship of good men. EPISTLE CXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leyden. As soon as Launæus was made aware that you had written to his friend, he did not unwillingly or reluctantly attach his entreaties to him concerning the required duties, as you will have learned from the very letters which I recently sent to you. Nor ought you to doubt that the business has progressed all the better in this way than if he had come asking a second favor, the prior benefit having been treated as if it were despised. He will now be more at leisure for you, and, provided the letter is delivered in good time, there is no vain hope that your Caius may be able to obtain what is sought. Rivetus had once given hope that Capellus’s Critica Sacra might be published there. At your urging I had approached him, lest, if I had in addition had his help, he might have disturbed your kindly plans. But now the hatred of the men of Saumur so possesses him that he openly says it is a matter of conscience for him to entrust this work to a printer. And he says that this is not only his own opinion, but also that of Emperor Constantine and of Golius. Please see whether this is so, and ask those two Leiden Rabbis about it. For if they oppose it, I should scarcely dare hope for any favorable printing influence there. Certainly Petitus long ago gave his judgment on this work of an excellent and most learned man, as if on a very rich treasury of sacred learning, with Grotius, Bochart, Bignon, and Dallæus agreeing, those immortal heroes who are still living and worthy of immortality. Since I advised the author to think about your presses, I would gladly move every stone to bring his wish to fulfillment. Could something perhaps be obtained at Amsterdam? I can arrange for Bochart to recommend it together with Vossius. But, they say, the malicious and ignorant may misuse this learning. As though any account should be taken of such men over and above the good and learned? As though the worst of men do not misuse the very best things every day? Here I ask you to help us and bring aid to those who are laboring. It is good that you are assigning your Primacy to the States of Holland, and do not allow yourself to be moved from that purpose by any entreaties. So that I may fill what remains of the page, how do you explain in the Apocalypse of John, chapter II, 7, “Ποῦν λευκὴν ἀγίοι ὑπο ὑδονα ἐεκαμμένον ὃ άδεις ἰγνία” etc.? For this seems difficult to me as regards the ἐπιστο- The mystical and most certain sense belongs to those who understand this passage of the gifts of the Holy Spirit. But in the words themselves there is little obscurity. It is commonly explained of absolving tokens. Petitus, Variar. Lect. book 1, chapter 8, seems to explain it more suitably from a tessera. Please light the torch and I shall follow most gladly. Farewell, you and yours, from me and mine. Paris, 19 May 1645. Q3 EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. R Edditam pedibus tuis eundi ambulandique facultatem, illis tibique toti gratulor, bonis litteris gaudeo. Valeant ergo jam Professores juris & Antecessores Batavi, Frisi, Germani; etiam Aquisextienses & Andegavenses. Valeat advocatus Parisiensis cum omni Ultrajectinorum furiosa gente. Illi quippe sunt podagrici Salmasii ludus & jocus. At idem sanus & valens cum universa Roma, purpuratorumque patrum omni collegio, cumque veterum Quiritium tota Militia rem sibi esse vult. Pontificia Monarchia & Acephalorum Anarchia digna sola sunt tantæ eruditionis & pietatis argumenta. Noli ergo ab hoc opere avertere mentem, oculos, manum. Totis viribus Capitolinnm Iovem si aggrederis, ruat ille necesse est & bonis Christianis ludibrium debeat. Hæc scio dudum esse vota consiliaque tua meque nî ævudoræ : sed facere non possum quin aperiam tibi sensa animi mei, qui te totum orbi conspici jamdudum desiderat. Vix adhuc ungues excruiisti adversus indignos ira tua tenebriones, jam ergo move fortes lacertos & adversarios elige, quibuscum bene compositus videaris, & quos vicisse sit gloriosum. Vidua Mathurini Puteani heri demum promisit se quinquaginta & plura, si vellem, exemplaria librorum tuorum ad me missuram. Ubi ea habuero, utar eo jure quod mihi in amicos tuos largiris, quia non vis istum Catalogum texere. De Capello nihil scripsisti: quod ita intelligo quasi despereste quoque posse aliquid ejus causa obtinere. Rogabo ergo Rivetum ut manuscriptum mihi remittat. Nec forsan semper adeo iniqua erunt bono viro tempora, ut hic nihil in ejus gratiam effici possit. Quot existimas indies nobis perire doctorum virorum lucubrationes, quia illis non suppetunt ea adjuncta, quibus istic abundatis? sed hæc pars est calamitatis nostræ non gravissima: nec vobis ista bona invidemus. An rediit in gratiam Xanthippe cum Socrates? dudum enim de ejus ad nos profectione siles. Dialogustuus fuit a seriis non ingratum laxamentum. Sed est quod te moneam, me existimare vitiosum videri quod Curtius nimis facile assentiatur Cæsario, ut vix unquam in contrariam eat sententiam. Dic aliquid contra, ille olim ajebat, ut duo simus. Cæsarii partes volo esse potiores, sed non sine certamine. Curtius vero alienis tantum armis & rationibus pugnat, & statim cedit. Nisi autem anceps sit victoria, in ludicris præsertim spectaculis, minus placet. Tua & nobilissimæ Virginis æuostææ disticha magnam habent venustatem & elegantiam. Omnes Musæ divinis vestris mentibus serviunt; & quæ solent aliorum totam defatigare industriam, ea vobis ludentibus excidunt. Sed quare non libuit mittere etiam vitream epigraphen? Bini enim versus non sunt poculo inscripti: certe hoc ex tuis non possum colligere. Reclamante licet tua modestia, hanc quæso
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Claude Salmasius. Leiden in Holland. I congratulate you, and those with you, on the restored ability to walk and go about on your feet; I rejoice in your good letters. So let the Professors of law and the Dutch, Frisian, and German Antecessores be well; let those of Aix and Angers too. Let the Parisian advocate fare well, together with the whole furious crowd of Utrecht. For they are indeed the plaything and jest of the gouty Salmasius. But he, in health and vigor, with all Rome and the whole college of the purple-robed fathers, and with the entire militia of the ancient Quirites, wants the matter to be his own. The Pontifical Monarchy and the Anarchy of the Headless are alone worthy arguments for so great learning and piety. Do not then turn your mind, eyes, or hand away from this work. If you attack Jupiter Capitolinus with all your strength, he must fall, and be a mockery to good Christians. I know that these have long been your wishes and plans, and mine too; but I cannot help laying open to you the feelings of my heart, which has long desired to see you wholly before the eyes of the world. You have hardly yet shaken off the nails against those dark scoundrels, unworthy of your anger; now then move your strong arms and choose adversaries with whom you may seem to be in good form, and whom it will be glorious to have vanquished. The widow of Mathurinus Puteanus only yesterday promised that, if I wished, she would send me fifty or more copies of your books. When I have them, I shall make use of that right which you grant me over your friends, since you do not wish to draw up that Catalog. You wrote nothing about Capellus; from this I understand as though you too despair of being able to obtain anything on his behalf. I shall therefore ask Rivet to send the manuscript back to me. And perhaps the times will not always be so unjust to a good man that nothing can be done here in his favor. How many scholarly writings do you think are lost to us every day, because they lack those aids of which you there have abundance? But this part of our misfortune is not the gravest; nor do we envy you such advantages. Has Xanthippe returned to favor with Socrates? For long now you have been silent about his journey to us. Your dialogue was not unwelcome as a relief from more serious matters. But there is something I must warn you of: I think it faulty that Curtius assents too readily to Caesarius, so that he almost never goes over to the opposite opinion. “Say something against him,” he used to say, “so that there may be two of us.” I want Caesarius’s side to be the stronger, but not without contest. Curtius, however, fights only with other men’s arms and arguments, and at once yields. Unless victory be doubtful, especially in playful spectacles, it is less pleasing. Your distichs and those of the most noble Virgin have great charm and elegance. All the Muses serve your divine minds; and those things which are wont to wear out the whole industry of others fall forth as you play. But why did you not wish to send also the glass epigraph? For the two verses are not inscribed on the cup; certainly I cannot infer this from your lines. Though your modesty objects, I beg this one...
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EPISTOLA. 127 quæso mitte: nec istud gloriæ tuæ nobile monumentum nobis invideos. Vo- luit etiam Philippus Codurcus apostasiæ suæ rationes orbi innotescere. Lati- no libello publicato De Missæ sacrisficio, in cujus Præfatione nos cum summa iniquitate traducit. Ita plane solent miseri isti mortales contra solem attolle- re oculos, unde illis certissima cæcitas. Ita jam capita Sorbonistarum amuleto muniantur. Non ipsis invidemus quod lucrum fecerint ex Milleterei & Codurci ruina: nos certe nihil amismus: immo est quod lætemur, eos a nobis abiisse, quos variis afficiebant molestiis. Vale, Lutet. Paris. Cal. Jun. 613 IC XLV. EPISTOLA CXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Bataverum. IN refutatione argumenti, quod de Chrysostomo opposueram, video omnia tibi prævisa eamque materiam tibi penetratam, ut contraria facile dilutas. Sane quæ reposuisti mirifice placuerunt, adeo mihi visa sunt negotium con- ficere. Sed quando exercitationibus istis Juridicis finem impones? idem di- co de Coma tua, quæ si longior fiat, vide ne peccet in extremum: alii nul- lam volunt, tu multam nimis facies. De Bochello monueram tantum ut nobis explicares istos locos, in quibus tuuphorum & cucupaphæ sit mentio: in vulgatis enim medii ævi glossariis non comparent. Integros in adjuncta schedula descripsi, ut, si lubet, opellam tuam aliquot lineisaugeant. Bene est quod eam vicinis meis non destinas. Sed miraris unde id ego præsumpserim. Nempe cum suasissem ut divideres tractatum tuum de Jure, & partem alteram illis inscriberes, alteram A. T. rescripsisti non posse id fieri sine illius offenda qui posterior nominaretur: sed habere te præ manibus quo, in alio argumen- to, cupiditati meæ faceres satis. Conjeci librum de Coma a te designari. Si tertium quid tibi sub prælo sudet, fatebor te alti plane silentii hominem & laboris improbissimi. Carendum est mihi Languetti epistolis, cum istic non reperiantur: rogaveram coram Ioannem Elzevirium, ut eas disquireret; nescio an mei oblitus sit, quem nullo responso est dignatus; præterea enim per lite- ras cum hac de re monueram. Beabis Cadomensem nostrum Ebenbitare, quem ardentissime sitit. Auvræi Gallicum librum adversus Sirmondum istuc non misi, nec scio unde e habuerit, nisi a Mersemo Minimita cum quo satis belle illi convenit. Idem ille Momchus non ita pridem mi- sit ad me epistolam cum libro, cui titulum fecit Ballistica & Acontismologia, in qua sagittarum, jaculorum & aliorum missilium jactus & robur Arcuum explicantur, ad te deferendum! quod prima quaque occasione curabo, adjun- gamque Balzacii Parænesim ad Reginam de Pace secundis curis limatam, Dhoniique orationem ad Academicos Romanos de utraque pænula, in qua post alia multa, nova doctissimi Salmasi sententia de istius vocis origine re-
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EPISTLE 127 please send: nor do I envy us that noble monument of your glory. Philip Codurcus also wished to make the world aware of the reasons for his apostasy. He published a little Latin book, De Missæ sacrisficio , in the Preface to which he attacks us with the greatest injustice. Thus these wretched mortals are always wont to lift their eyes against the sun, and from that comes their surest blindness. Thus now the heads of the Sorbonnists are being fortified with an amulet. We do not envy them for having made a profit from the ruin of Milleterei and Codurcus: certainly we have lost nothing; indeed there is cause for us to rejoice that they have gone away from us, they who used to afflict us with various vexations. Farewell, Paris, June 1, 1645. EPISTLE CXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden, Holland. IN the refutation of the argument which I had advanced concerning Chrysostom, I see that everything has been foreseen by you and that the matter has been so thoroughly penetrated by you that you can easily dissolve the objections. Certainly your replies pleased me wonderfully; so much so that they seemed to me to settle the matter. But when will you put an end to these legal exercises? I say the same about your Coma , which, if it becomes too long, beware lest it offend by excess: others want no hair at all, you will make it far too much. I had warned you only about Bochellus, that you should explain to us those passages in which tuuphorum and cucupaphæ are mentioned; for in the published medieval glossaries they do not appear. I have copied them out in the enclosed note, so that, if you wish, they may add a few lines to your little work. It is well that you are not assigning it to my neighbors. But you wonder how I dared to presume that. Well, when I had advised you to divide your treatise on Law and inscribe one part to them and the other to A. T., you replied that this could not be done without offending the one who was named second; but that you had something in hand by which, on another subject, you would satisfy my desire. I guessed that the book on Coma was meant by you. If something third is sweating under the press for you, I shall admit that you are a man of deep silence indeed and of most arduous labor. I must do without Languet’s letters, since they are not found there: I had asked Jean Elzevirius in person to search for them; I do not know whether he has forgotten me, since he has not deigned to send any reply; besides, I had also reminded him of this by letter. You will delight our man of Caen, Ebenbitare, who thirsts for them most ardently. I have not sent the French book by Auvræius against Sirmondus there, nor do I know from whom he got it, unless from Mersennus the Minim, with whom he gets along quite well. The same man, Momchus, not long ago sent me a letter with a book entitled Ballistica & Acontismologia , in which the throws and force of arrows, darts, and other missiles, and of bows, are explained, to be delivered to you! This I shall take care to send at the first opportunity, and I shall add Balzac’s Parænesis to the Queen on Peace, polished in a second revision, and Dhoni’s speech to the Roman Academicians on the double cloak, in which, among many other things, the new opinion of the very learned Salmasius about the origin of that word is re-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. VÆ malignæ pertinacique isti podagræ, quæ mihi invidit explicationem loci celebris. Invitus feci ut a male ominatis verbis inciperem. At nigro dudum a me damnata extorrisve esse jussa crudelis illa domina, non ideo abscedit: quin hisce caloribus humores liquescunt & in extrema desluunt. Ego quoque temporum mutationes in me sentio; sed adhuc ita leves, ut de illis non conquerar. Quod tantum possumus, superos pro tua valetudine votis precibusque fatigabimus, eam ut tibi dent bonam & diuturnam. Cavisti abunde ne de Heraldo amplius esses sollicitus. Ille enim, uno ut absolvam verbo, . Jacet, æternumque jacebit, infelix Advocatus, nisi quod magni Æneæ dextra cecidit. Audet tamen . At frustra calces jactat pronus, pædagogicam exhalans animam. Inter cætera miratur te ausum tam impotenter se adversum, ita loquitur, debachari; cum tamen non nescias cum de te multa scire, quæ, si litteris mandarentur, æternæ ignominia nota nomini tuo inureretur. Nec desunt, qui suadent ut isti operæ non parcat. Ille tamen, peream potius, inquit, Ante pudor quam te violo, aut tua jura resolvo. . de . de . . debeo laudare testes quos, ita credo, licet una ex domo, non ejurabis; amplissimos viros Hicronymum Bignonium & Stephanum Bricquetium; socerum & generum. Quod autem istis duobus dixit, id cum aliis plurimis non tacuisse est verisimile. Dum autem ille suas adornat . , quas utinam velles contemnere, procedat magnifico apparatu instructus Primatus tuus. De Grammaticorum albo tum eradendus Salmasius, inter primæ classis Hæreticos Romæ traducendus. Quicquid enim dicatur & scribatur, leve est apud eos, immo nihili, modo caput non feriat. Tu autem illud omnino tollis. Ubiliber prodierit, Monachorum examen in cum irruet magno, ne dubita, impetu. At tu eorum iras furiasque amabis, teque afficient illæ suaviter. Isti enim clamores ejulatusve, vulnus
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. Woe to that malignant and obstinate gout, which begrudged me the explanation of that celebrated place. I was unwillingly made to begin with unlucky words. But that cruel mistress, long ago condemned by me as black, or ordered to be banished, does not therefore go away: rather, in this heat the humors melt and flow down to the extremities. I too feel the changes of the times in myself; but as yet so slight are they that I do not complain of them. Since we can do no more, we shall weary the gods with vows and prayers for your health, that they may grant you a good and long-lasting one. You have taken ample care not to be any longer troubled about Herald. For he, to sum it up in a word, . lies down, and will lie down forever, that unhappy Advocate, save that he fell by the hand of great Aeneas. Yet he dares. But in vain does he, prone, kick up his heels, breathing out pedagogical life. Among other things he marvels that you dared so shamelessly, as he says, to rail against him; though you surely do not know that he knows many things about you which, if committed to writing, would brand your name with an eternal mark of infamy. Nor are there lacking those who advise that he spare not that work. Nevertheless, he says, I would rather perish, Before shame than I violate you or undo your rights. . of . of . . I ought to praise those witnesses whom, so I believe, you will not disavow, though they are, as it were, from one household: the most distinguished men Hieronymus Bignonius and Stephanus Bricquetius, father-in-law and son-in-law. And what he said to those two, it is likely he has not kept silent about with many others. But while he is arranging his own . , which I wish you would despise, let your Magnificence proceed, equipped with great display. Salmasius is then to be erased from the roll of grammarians, and brought before Rome as one of the first-class heretics. For whatever is said and written, it is slight in their eyes, indeed nothing at all, so long as it does not strike the head. But you altogether overthrow that. Wherever he appears, the Monks' examination will rush upon him in a great attack, do not doubt it. But you will love their angers and furies, and they will affect you sweetly. For these shouts or wailings, the wound
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EPISTOLÆ. 129 vulnus alte inflictum esse testabuntur. Frustra me impellis in Philistarum partes, quanquam nec Mallotis quoque saveam. Medium enim viam sequi libet, ita tamen ut Curtius magis videar quam Cæsarius. Sanitas mihi sic melius procedit, a prima juventute isti capillitio assueto. Non dubitavi in Dialogo plurima contineri, quæ occultam haberent significationem nobis exteris impetrabilem; nec aliter satyrica scripta constant. Gaudeo Ultrajectinos ista Coma ornanda defatigatos tibi concedere. Nec sunt jam ista tanti, ut iterumque iterumque retractentur. Sed clypeus tuus septemper millenis jaculis sustinendis sufficit: solus contra omnes. De Heraldo quicquid scriptum est tibi, multo minus est eo quod in te meditatur. Altum enim penetravit inflictum vulnus, quod nondum est sanabile. Sed ejus malignum animum melior forsan ratio, saltem tempus curabit. Sin furere pergat, a tua manu paulo asperior medicina adhibita, pro omnibus erit Anticyris. Nudius quintus adfuit mihi Valesius qui in , quod totius controversi negotii primum & maximum est, totus noster est: & sane hanc partem tanta diligentia & sedulitate, tanto etiam cum ordine es executus, ut nihil amplius difficultatis superesse videatur. Ausim asserere fore in tua potestate Primatum, Militiamque ad umbilicum perducere, antequam ab Advocato lis ista redintegretur. Doleo curiositatem meam nimiam tibi videri. Sed omnia tua maxima & minima cupidissime scire aveo, quocirca modum ei ponere vix possum. Tu vero eadem facilitate, qua te intemperantius interrogo, potes mihi silentium imperare, nec ægre feram. Unum tamen jam rogabo, cui a te responderi non esse debet molestum. Mi- scellarum defensionum pag. 568. Omnia vocabula in Men terminandia a ver- bis derivantur, ut lumen, fulmen, nomen, flumen, limen. De aliis a te al- latis clarum satis est. Sed a quo verbo Nomen originem suam deducit? cui alteri vox Numen debet natales suos? cui German? Ad antiqua, ut puto, themata recurri necesse est: vulgaria enim parum juvant. Genevensis amicus Iacobus Gothofredus L. 2. D. de rebus cred. ausus est explicare, & suffectionem a te in easolerter & vere, ita credo, restitutam expungere. Potuisset ista opera supersedere, si novissimi tui libri caput sextum vidisset, in quo novis probationibus præclara emendatio firmatur. Dissertationem istam Justello inscripsit: aliam quoque mihi misit de mutatione & augmento Monetæ Aureæ ad L. 2. C. de veteris Numismatis potestate. Epistolam Amyraldi, de qua nuper ad te, hodie demum mitto. Si eam tibi ostendunt non rogati, tum poteris existimare eos tecum sincere agere. Alias enim Hagiensis Theologus eam non sine rubore suo leget, utpote in qua omnino duriter, sed non sine civili prudentia habetur. Vale tu cum tua a me ac mea. Lutetiæ Parisior. xxiii. Iunii. CIC IX XLV. Aliud te volo, Quid factum illa Schotani dudum promissa. R EPI-
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EPISTLES. 129 The wound will bear witness that it was deeply inflicted. You urge me in vain to take the side of the Philistines, although I do not rage even against the Mallotians. For I like to follow the middle path, but in such a way that I may seem more like Curtius than like Cæsarius. My health thus progresses better, since from early youth I have been accustomed to that hair. I did not doubt that the Dialogue contained many things which had an occult meaning, inaccessible to us outsiders; and satirical writings are composed in no other way. I am glad that the people of Utrecht, wearied by adorning that hair, concede it to you. Nor are those matters now of such importance that they should be examined again and again. But your shield is enough to withstand ten thousand darts: alone against all. Whatever has been written to you about Herald is far less than what he is meditating against you. For the wound inflicted has penetrated deeply, and is not yet curable. But perhaps a better judgment, or at least time, will cure his malicious mind. If, however, he continues to rage, a somewhat harsher remedy applied by your hand will be, for all, like Anticyra. Five days ago Valesius came to me, who in that matter, which is the first and greatest point of the whole contentious business, is wholly on our side: and indeed you have pursued this part with such diligence and zeal, and with such order, that no further difficulty seems to remain. I would dare to assert that it will be in your power to bring the Primacy and the Military Order to a conclusion before that lawsuit is renewed by the Advocate. I regret that my curiosity seems excessive to you. But I long eagerly to know all your matters, great and small, and therefore I can scarcely restrain it. Yet you, with the same ease with which I question you too immoderately, can impose silence on me, nor shall I take it ill. However, I shall now ask one thing, to which it should not be troublesome for you to reply. Miscellanea of the defenses, page 568. All words ending in Men are derived from verbs, as lumen, fulmen, nomen, flumen, limen. What you have brought forward about the others is sufficiently clear. But from what verb does Nomen derive its origin? To what other word does Numen owe its birth? To what, German? I think one must recur to the ancient themes; the common ones help little. My Genevan friend Jacob Gothofredus, on L. 2. D. de rebus cred., has dared to explain, and to strike out the substitution which you had very cleverly and, I believe, truly restored to those matters. He could have spared himself that labor, if he had seen the sixth chapter of your latest books, in which the splendid emendation is confirmed by new proofs. He dedicated that dissertation to Justellus; he also sent me another on the change and increase of the Aurean Coin, to L. 2. C. de veteris Numismatis potestate. I send today the letter of Amyraldus, about which I recently wrote to you. If they show it to you unasked, then you may judge that they are dealing sincerely with you. Otherwise the Hague theologian will read it not without shame, since in it he is treated quite harshly, though not without civil prudence. Farewell, with your own from me and mine. At Paris, June 23. 1645. I want another thing from you: what has been done about that promise of Schotanus long ago? R EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. Verissima est conjectura de auctore epistolæ cujus a me missum vidisti. Nec dubitare debes negotium esse confectum: ita solent novi isti proselyti impudentibus, immo impiis, perjuriis bonis viris fucum facere. Hæc sunt propagationis fidei & Missionariorum prima rudimenta. Conabortamen singula penitius scrutari & de iis facere te certiorem. Sed noli cito ea de re literas meas expectare, Langlæus enim Alenconium ad Pro- vinciæ Neustriæ suæ Synodum profectus, inde in Aremoricam tendit, ut ex decreto Nationalis Synodi, dissidia inter binos Ecclesiæ Vitææ pastores componat. Nec ante ejus reditum aliquid rescire possum. Ex posterioribus meis cognoveris Gothofredum, Morum aut Croium non esse a me prætermisso in distributione munerum tuorum. Misi enim Catalogum eorum, qui illis donati sunt. Redeat ergo Capelli Critica unde abiit, donec meliori tempore prodire possit. Effeceram tamen ut Bochardus ad avunculum scriberet in nobilissimi operis commendationem, sed odium partium plus apud eum potest, quam utilitatis publicæ ratio. Laudo apparatus tui amplissimam materiam: sed vide ut, si non in capita, saltem in tunemata eum dividas; audio enim satis multa cum continere. Et quicquid veterum consuetudinem nobis objicias, volumus tamen delicatuli nostris vivere & uti moribus; qui sane sunt commodissimi, & lectoris animum resiciunt. Nec in istis præsertim monitus debes publica vota frustrari. Cæterum vapulet Petavius vehementer cum tota societate, omnes tibi savebunt. Vix enim credas quantum decesserit ejus famæ ab istis vegrandibus Theologicorum dogmatum tomis, qui in minimo pretio habentur. Professus fuerat post hanc suam commentationem summam Thomæ cum Lombardi sententiis & aliorum omnium scholæ doctorum voluminibus oblivioni perpetuæ esse tradenda. Quinimo illa magis magisque quotidie teruntur, dum hic vivus sepelitur. Scribebat non ita pridem Croiis missæ se Genevam suum Commentarium de mora, quam fecisse Petrum negat vel Antiochiæ vel Romæ. Blondellus item noster habet in mandatis a nupero patrum conventu, ut id argumentum adversus Cardinalem Perronium tractare velit. Sed hujus tanta est vecordia, ut nihil omninò ab eo, ni veternum excusserit, sit expectandum. Quod enim in ejus gratiam effecimus, id nobis & Ecclesiæ est damnosissimum. Centies a meis admonitionibus erubuit. Sed statim atque e conspectu meo recessit, perfricat frontem & Tu vero, vir maxime, redditam tibi sanitatem bonis studiis ut facis impende, relictis ut ita loquar, da veniam verbo, nucibus, & statim Primatum tuum elimina; nec postea vacabit vel juris Antecessores, vel Advocatum Parisiensem dedolare. Dudum expectati quatuor fa-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. Your conjecture about the author of the letter whose one I saw sent by me is very true. Nor ought you to doubt that the matter has been carried through: thus do those new proselytes usually deceive good men with shameless, indeed impious, perjuries. These are the first rudiments of the propagation of the faith and of the missionaries. Meanwhile I shall examine each point more closely and inform you about them. But do not expect letters from me on this matter too soon, for Langlæus has set out for Alençon to the Synod of his province of Neustria; thence he is making for Armorica, so that, by decree of the National Synod, he may settle the disputes between the two pastors of the Church of Vitæa. Nor before his return can I learn anything. From my later letters you will see that Gothofredus, Morus, or Croius has not been passed over by me in the distribution of your gifts. For I sent a catalogue of those who were presented to them. Let therefore Capellus’s Critica go back whence it came, until it can come forth at a better time. Yet I had brought it about that Bochardus should write to his uncle in commendation of that most noble work, but the hatred of parties has more power with him than regard for the public good. I praise the very ample material of your apparatus: but see that, if not in chapters, at least in sections you divide it; for I hear that it contains quite a lot. And whatever ancient custom you allege against us, nevertheless we wish to live and use the refinements of our age; which are surely very convenient and refresh the reader’s mind. And in those matters especially you ought not, by your warnings, to disappoint public expectations. In the meantime, let Petavius be thrashed soundly together with the whole company; everyone will thank you. For you can scarcely believe how much his reputation has declined because of those bulky tomes of theological dogmas, which are held in very low esteem. He had declared after this commentary of his that the Summa of Thomas together with Lombard’s Sentences and the volumes of all the other doctors of the schools ought to be consigned to perpetual oblivion. Indeed, these very works are daily being worn ever more and more, while he himself is being buried alive. Not long ago Croius was writing that he had sent to Geneva his commentary on the delay which he says Peter made, either at Antioch or at Rome. Our Blondellus also has from a recent gathering of the fathers the task of undertaking that argument against Cardinal Perron. But he is so foolish that nothing at all is to be expected from him unless he shake off his lethargy. For what we have done in his favor is most harmful both to us and to the Church. A hundred times he has blushed at my admonitions. But as soon as he has left my sight, he rubs his forehead and then, most excellent sir, continue to devote your restored health to good studies, as you do, leaving off, if I may so speak—pardon the word—nuts, and at once get rid of your Primacy; and afterward there will be no time even to chisel away at the former professors of law or at the Parisian advocate. The long-expected four fa-
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E P I S T O LÆ. 131 fasciculi tandem aliquando mihi redditu fuere. In Bibliotheca ergo Regia, nec sedes ulla dignior est, Clypeus tuus conspicictur. Vale tu cum tua, a me ac mea. Lutetiæ Parisior. xxx. Iunii. CIC IDC XLV. Rogavere satis multi quis ille sit, quem designas in epistola ad Amplissimum Talæum, qui apud Can- cellarium voluit bonarum literarum studia infamare. Nisi ejus nomen & li- brum indicare libeat, non possum illis satisfacere. E P I S T O L A CXXVII. CL. S A L M A S I U S Iacobo Gothofredo. Genevam. R Eddidit mihi vir ornatissimus tuus ex fratre nepos bina exemplaria po- stremarum Dissertationum; pro quibus magnam tibi debeo & habeo gratiam. Fateor enim me non insuaviter esse affectum, visa inscriptione no- minis mei, in operis fronte. Quemadmodum autem hanc a te non eram promeritus gratiam, ita profiteor libentissime, me eam solidam debere tuæ erga me benevolentia. Gratissimum etiam fuit quod me comitem addideris Clarissimo Iustello, viro probo, docto & amico. Argumentum prioris Dia- tribæ cuivis non obvium, reconditam præ se fert eruditionem: id enim do- & solerter es executus. Elegantes literas magnifice ornas, & nobilissi- mam juris scientiam e tuo ditissimo penu splendide instruis & locupletas. Optamus tantum, ut aliquando possis ex eo depromere tot utriusque antiqui- tatis sacræ & profanæ insignia monumenta, publicatione Codicis Theodosiani, quam tantopere rogamus & flagitamus. Id quandocunque libuerit, & sele commoda obtulerit occasio, belle procedet. Interea facimus quod possumus, & Deum veneramur ut tibi tempus præstet iis, quæ parata habes, edendis. Ego vero me semper prædicabo eo honore a te esse cumulatum, qui me tibi per- petuo nexu devinctissimum gratumque præbeat. Vale Vir Clarissime & Doctissime, cum optimo Moro nostro; & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. Calendis Iuliis. CIC IDC XLV. E P I S T O L A CXXVIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Laydunum Baravorum. Q Uid solitam tuam diligentiam hac septimana infregerit, cum nullas a te acceperim, quærere cogor, cum præsertim Hagiensis amicus suis li- teris ea de te scripserit, quæ satis firmam valetudinem tuam asserant. Modo ita sit, silentium tuum leviter feram. Præterea ea, quæ ego ad tesæpiuscule, tanti non sunt, ut illorum causa gravissima tua studia interjungas: quin ali- quando tantum scribo, ut mihi constet apud te officii ratio. Bochardus in actu venit de publicanis Cadomensibus querelas in species adferens, sed reve- R 2 ra
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E P I S T O L Æ. 131 these quires were at last at length returned to me. In the Royal Library, then, for there is no more worthy seat, your Shield is to be seen. Farewell, you with yours, from me and mine. At Paris, June 30. 1645. Many have asked sufficiently who that man is, whom you designate in the letter to the Most Eminent Talaeus, who wished, in the presence of the Chancellor, to bring into disrepute the study of good letters. Unless it please you to indicate his name and the book, I cannot satisfy them. E P I S T O L A CXXVII. CL. S A L M A S I U S to Iacobus Gothofredus. Geneva. A most distinguished man, your nephew by your brother, has returned to me two copies of the latest Dissertations; for which I owe and feel great gratitude to you. For I confess that I was not a little pleasantly affected when I saw my name inscribed on the front of the work. But just as I had not deserved this favor from you, so I most willingly declare that I owe it in full to your good will toward me. It was also most gratifying that you should have added me as companion to the most renowned Iustellus, a good, learned, and friendly man. The subject of the first Diatribe is not a commonplace one for anyone; it displays recondite erudition: for this you have done both learnedly and skillfully. You splendidly adorn elegant letters, and from your most rich store you splendidly furnish and enrich the noblest science of law. We only wish that at some time you may be able to bring forth from it so many distinguished monuments of both sacred and profane antiquity by the publication of the Theodosian Code, which we so earnestly ask and implore. Whenever it shall please you, and a favorable occasion shall present itself, it will proceed well. Meanwhile we do what we can, and we pray God to grant you time for publishing those things you have ready. I for my part shall always proclaim myself to have been so greatly honored by you as to be made, by a perpetual bond, most devoted and grateful to you. Farewell, most illustrious and most learned Sir, with our excellent Moro; and love me. At Paris. On the Calends of July. 1645. E P I S T O L A CXXVIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S to Claudio Salmasio. Leyden, in Holland. I am forced to inquire what has broken your usual diligence this week, since I have received no letters from you, especially since our friend from The Hague has written in his letters those things about you which sufficiently attest your sound health. Provided that is so, I shall bear your silence lightly. Moreover, those things which I so often write to you are not of such weight that you should interrupt your most serious studies on their account: rather, I write sometimes merely so that I may keep up the due observance of duty with you. Bochardus has come forward in the matter, bringing complaints in the form of charges against the tax-farmers of Caen, but in truth R 2 ra
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CL. S A R R A V I I ra ut amicos inviseret. Librum suum auxit satis grandi capite, in quo Siciliæ origines, ex Hebraica Lingua cum mira venustate repetitæ, explicantur. Auctor ei fui ut scorsim ederet & hoc suarum lucubrationum literato orbi exhiberet. Et videtur consilio meo morem velle gerere. De Parlamentanorum in Anglia adversus Regem victoria, magna dicuntur, quæ tamen Tragædæ finem non imponunt. Tu Deus succurre tuis ubique laborantibus. Eum rogo ut te diutissime cum tota domo servet incolumem. Lutetiæ Parisior. 8. Iulii 1655. Negat R. se aut Leydenses Theologos aliquid de Coma tua publicasse. E P I S T O L A CXXIX. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Ex binis tuis quas heri simul accepi, solitam tuam diligentiam non cessasse cognovi, sed per tabellarium stetisse, quo minus prius data tempori redderetur. Ad utramque hanc habeto. De arcano illo Heraldi , crede mihi verum dicenti, nihil omnino audivi. Non ergo per me id rescies, neque te id celassem, si ulla qualibet via ejus conscius fuissem. A quo tempore prostant hic tuæ defensiones, ille mihi non occurrit, sed per alios tantum intellexi cum multa & præclara minari, idque sæpius ad te scripsi. Non improbo quod in Primatu tuo Papæ non parcas: hoc enim agis: sed suaderet temporum ratio, ut contra ejus purpuratum senatum minus sævires. Nec necesse est, ut apertius loquar, scis enim apprime quis qualisque sit ille quibic . Miror Theologorum vestrorum animum parum Theologicum, qui super quæsitis de presbyterio respondere verentur. Si tamen Scoti urgent de illo cætu presbyterii e Pastoribus & Laicis composito, non est nihili controversia, a quo jure, divino an humano descendat: quæ tamen ipsis decidenda fuit, nisi munere quod profitentur, præ inscitia vel ignavia, indigni velint haberi. De Salmuriensis antagonistæ Epistola, cum sciam eam tibi visam, miror silentium tuum. Nemo liquidius dixit, quæ alii vix per ambages & . Aliam non minus grandem a Rothomagensi amico ad eundem hodie mitto. Vide etiam & sincere ut soles judica. Triumphant nec immerito isti, quod suas partes foveas, nec displicet. De causa tamen nostra cognosce, antequam cum ipsis eam damnes. Si Spanhemius fortis est, certe Amyraldus non est imbellis adversarius, & de bene composito pari licebit gloriari. Sperne quæso istum Borstium cum suis Ultrajectinis omnibus. Si enim hominum maleferiatorum intemperies singulis libris velis vindicare, ecquis erit finis? In præfationis alicujus recessu unicuique aurem stringe, nam majori molimine eos aggredi vereor ut satis sit decorum. Paratam habet Fabrotus contrariam Epistolam: sed nemo typographorum, inquit, eam suo prælo vult subjicere, quia contra Salmasium scripta est: octo contineret. Tum de illa controversia, quæ tenuis multis vide- tur,
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CL. SARRAVIUS that he might visit his friends. He enlarged his book with a rather substantial chapter, in which the origins of Sicily, drawn from the Hebrew language with marvelous elegance, are explained. I was the one who advised him to publish it separately and to present this work of his to the learned world. And he seems inclined to follow my advice. Concerning the victory of the Parliamentarians in England over the King, great things are being said, which nevertheless do not bring the tragedy to an end. May God help yours who are laboring everywhere. I ask Him to preserve you for a very long time in safety, together with your whole household. Paris, 8 July 1655. R. denies that he or the Leyden theologians have published anything about your Hair. EPHISTLE CXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. From your two letters, which I received together yesterday, I learned that your usual diligence had not ceased, but that it had been delayed by the messenger, so that the earlier one might not be delivered in good time. As for both of these, take them. Concerning that secret of Heraldus, believe me when I speak the truth, I have heard absolutely nothing. So you will not learn it through me, nor would I have concealed it from you, if I had in any way whatsoever been aware of it. Since the time your defenses have been appearing here, he has not come to my attention, but I have learned only through others that he was threatening many and notable things, and I wrote to you about that more than once. I do not disapprove that you spare the Pope in your Primacy: that is indeed what you are doing; but the condition of the times would counsel that you rage less against his purple-robed senate. Nor is it necessary that I speak more openly; for you know very well who and what sort of man that is. I wonder at the not very theological spirit of your theologians, who shrink from answering the questions about presbyterium. Yet if the Scots press the matter of that body of presbytery composed of Pastors and Laymen, there is nothing trivial in the controversy, from what law it descends, whether divine or human: which, however, they ought to have decided, unless, because of the office they profess, they wish to be considered unworthy, through ignorance or laziness, of holding it. As for the letter of the Salmurian opponent, since I know that you have seen it, I wonder at your silence. No one stated more clearly what others could barely express by roundabout means. I am sending today another no less substantial one from a friend at Rouen to the same man. Examine it too, and judge sincerely as you always do. Those men are triumphing, and not without reason, because you support their side, and that does not displease me. But learn about our cause, before you condemn it along with them. If Spanhemius is strong, certainly Amyraldus is no weak adversary, and we shall be able to boast of a well-matched pair. I beg you, despise that Borstius with all his people of Utrecht. For if you should wish to avenge the insolence of ill-disposed men in each book, where would there be any end? In the retreat of any preface, prick up everyone's ear, for I fear it is too much effort to attack them in a manner sufficiently becoming. Fabrotus has a reply ready: but none of the printers, he says, wants to put it to his press, because it is written against Salmasius: it would contain eight. Then concerning that controversy, which seems trivial to many,
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EPISTOLÆ. 133 tur, post tot tantaque a te dicta, non sine ratione timent, ne aliena parum sint vendibilia. Andegavensis tamen Antecessor, si Menagio sides, etiam in hanc palæstram vult prodire: stimulos scilicet admovisti, una quamvis perio, satis pungentes, ut triumphi tui, sed non sine certamine pars esse velit, non ovationis. Iterum me curiositatis damnabis, nec culpam deprecor, sed audi quid te velim. Quandoquidem uxor tua huc properat, adferat mihi quæso precorque omnia πιπαδια jam edita Primatus tui, cum ipsius operis, tum etiam apparatus. Sancte tibi polliceor me ista tua gratia nisi arbitratu tuo non usurum, nec cum mortalium quolibet, si prohibeas, ea communicaturum. Confidentius has preces ad te allego, quia scio te eorum conscium esse voluisse Hagiensem amicum, quem etiam scio plus me apud te non posse. Alinius juxta tuam indicinam quæsitus & repertus tuis libris donatus est. Ecce alterum indiculum eorum in quos reliqui distributi sunt. Vale tu ac tua a me ac mea. Lutetiæ Parisior. 14. Iulii 1645. EPISTOLA CXXX. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Batavorum. Bene conjicis, frustra futuram Transifalani Concilii ad Ecclesias Gallicanas contra te querimoniam. Hic enim, ubi nullus, adversus bene meritum de omnibus litteris virum, regnat livor, omnes tibi favent. Parisiense presbyterium, in quo scis quinque sedere reverendissimos omnique laude clarissimos Episcopos, te unum loquitur, suspicit, colit, sexto adstipulante Blondello. Quid Rothomagenses, Cadomenses, Salmurienses, aliique, in tua causa dicturi sint, apprime nosti; quia omnes in suis ad te litteris frequentibus sententiam ferre occupaverunt. Utinam efficiant æmuli tui, ut ad nos istæ querelæ deferantur! Tum videbunt quam præclara magnificaque Dallæus, Langlæus, Bochardus, Amyraldus concinnaturi sint de te elogia; nec unquam ad tuam illustrandam gloriam major sese dabit occasio. Splendor tuus istorum luminibus officit; virtutemque incolumem oderunt, & diuturno odio prosequantur precor, potius quam, vel ex oculis, sublatam quærant & desiderent invidi. Sed ab assuetis, inquit Philosophus, non sit passio. Tu autem semper cum æmulis luctatus es, nec ulla regio in terris non plena tui laboris. Absit autem ut Apparatus tui amplitudo in Censuram meam incurrat. Quinimmo ipsius operis molem æquet ac superet, bene erit. 'Tantum rogamus ut cito prodeat, & dum parum belle convenit nostris Præsulibus cum Vaticano. Verendum est enim ne, si Romanis rebus florentibus huc adveniat, pro grata victima Capitolino Jovi mactetur. Sed fallor aut ista quietem tuam non turbant, nec hujusmodi bruta fulmina vel metuis vel optas. Ecce tibi Carmen super Motta Capta: sive placeat sive displaceat, scribe quæso quid de inventione vel eloquutione tibi videatur. Mihi sane improbari non potest: R 3 quin
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EPISTLES. 133 they, after so many and such great things said by you, are not without reason afraid that what is not one’s own may be somewhat hard to sell. Yet the Antecessor of Anjou, if you believe Menagius, also wishes to enter this contest: clearly you have applied the spur; although only once, it stings enough, so that he may wish to be a part of your triumph, though not without a contest, not of an ovation. Again you will condemn me for curiosity, and I do not beg forgiveness for the fault, but hear what I want from you. Since your wife is hastening here, I ask and entreat that she bring me all the πιπαδια already published by your Primatus, both the work itself and also the apparatus. I solemnly promise you that I shall not use these writings of yours except at your discretion, nor, if you forbid it, shall I share them with anyone at all. I put these requests to you more confidently because I know you wished your friend from Hague to be aware of them, whom I also know can have no more influence with you than I do. Alinius, sought out according to your indication and found, has been presented with your books. Here is another little list of those among whom the rest have been distributed. Farewell, you and yours from me, and I and mine from you. Paris, 14 July 1645. EPISTLE CXXX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Luzdunum Batavorum. You rightly judge that the complaint of the Transylvanian Council against you before the Gallican Churches will be in vain. For here, where there is no envy—against a man who has so well deserved of all literature—everyone favors you. The Paris presbytery, in which you know there sit five most reverend bishops, renowned for every praise, speaks of you alone, looks up to you, and honors you, with Blondel giving his assent as a sixth. What the men of Rouen, Caen, Saumur, and others will say in your cause, you know very well; for in all their frequent letters to you they have busied themselves in delivering their judgment. Would that your rivals succeed in bringing these complaints to us! Then they will see what splendid and magnificent praises Dallæus, Langlaeus, Bochardus, and Amyraldus will compose about you; nor will a greater opportunity ever present itself for illustrating your glory. Your splendor outshines their lights; and they hate your virtue while it is intact, and I pray they may pursue it with lasting hatred rather than, after it is removed from sight, seek and long for it in envy. But, as the Philosopher says, let there be no passion in what has become customary. You, however, have always struggled with rivals, and there is no region on earth not filled with your labor. But let it be far from me that the greatness of your Apparatus should fall under my censure. Rather, if it matches and surpasses the bulk of the work itself, it will be well. We only ask that it come out soon, while matters stand rather awkwardly between our prelates and the Vatican. For there is reason to fear that, if it arrives here while Roman affairs are flourishing, it may be sacrificed as a pleasing victim to Capitoline Jupiter. But I am mistaken, or else such things do not disturb your peace, nor do you either fear or desire this sort of idle thunder. Here is a poem on the captured Motta: whether it pleases or displeases, please write what you think of the invention or the wording. As for me, it certainly cannot be disapproved: R 3 quin
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CL. S A R R A V I I quin audacter dico, Batavos vestros, nec ipsum Heinsium, Barlaumve ex- cipio, longe his deteriora sæpissime ad nos mittere. Si posset titulis nostris accedere Dunkerca; cum Parnassi Nymphis omnis Nereidum chorus Pæna caneret. Sed vergens in autumnum annus istam victoriam in proximum ver servat; decumbente præsertim Achille Gallico Gallione, qui nimis mul- tis vulneribus pæne occubuit. Dii carum servate caput. Fidei meæ com- misit Blondellus magnum Commentarium super Claudula Regnante Christo, quem recta Vossium nostrum delegabo, ut cum curet typis Blauwii committi. Viri merita (quæ nimis magnam ei jam famam conciliant, potius quam bo- nam, quod tibi uni dictum quæso sit) non difficulter credo impetrabunt hunc favorem. Hic enim nihil potest excudi quod omnipotentiam Romanam vel levissime attentet. In hoc autem opere Hildebrando male est. Nescio an deinceps aliquid istius argumenti ab eodem habituri simus? & for- san nimium multa. Sed ea tibi iterum dico uni & soli. Uxori tuæ facilem maris transitum opto, & voveo tibi totique domui omnia prospera. Lutetiæ Paris. 18. Iulii 1645. E P I S T O L A CXXXI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lupdunum Batavorum. Ingrediemur ergo vastum & immensum Apparatus tui pelagus, quotiescun- que tibi libuerit Primatus tui navem solvere. Dum adhuc dies longiores sunt, unam totam istam ingenti æquori arando libentissime impendemus: bru- malis enim solida non sufficeret, si verum est quod audio, typographum jam ad viginti processisse, nec adhuc littora conspicienda sese dare. Nec hanc tuam prolixitatem, in nobilissimo argumento, culpare possum: quini- mo laudo & in coelum effero, quod istam materiam accuratissime velis exequi. Tantum miror tibi tantopere placere mores tuos ut nobis præsertim podagricis non consulas, nosque velis tantum iter conficere sine ullo millario lapide in quo quiescamus. In tuam tamen gratiam audebimus tentare, nec, qua in- cedemus alacritate, in via deficiemus. Epistolam Amyraldi placuisse tibi, gaudeo: quotiescunque volueris de ejus causa cognoscere, non recusabit te ju- dicem: quamvis inter eos vivas, qui ejus doctrinam divinæ gratiæ convenien- tissimam traducere satagunt, & vereor ut in apertas inimicitias tandem erum- pant, adeo difficile est vel in sacris cum ulla moderatione dissentire. Certe hic solus omnibus adversariis domandis par est & fuit. Explicet Spanhemius copias suas, & videbis qua fortitudine illas Salmuriensis noster invadet. Cæterum grandem mihi dicam scripsit Rivetus, quod de perbona hac, ut ais, epistola monitus ante se fuisses. Quid respondissem? Tacui & hoc libuit mihi placide concoquere, ut illi mitem sui quondam discipuli acerbitatem. Noli amplius dubitare de Edoardi Palatini certissima & indubitata ad Romanenses de-
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CL. SARRAVIUS though I say it boldly, your Dutchmen, and even Heinsius himself, or Barlaeus, I except not, very often send us things far worse than these. If Dunkirk could be added to our titles; with the Nymphs of Parnassus the whole chorus of the Nereids would sing Paean. But the year, tending toward autumn, keeps that victory for the coming spring; especially with the Gallic Achilles Gallion lying low, who nearly fell beneath too many wounds. God preserve that dear head. Blondel has entrusted to me a great Commentary on the Claudula Regnante Christo , which I shall direct straight to our Vossius, so that he may arrange for it to be committed to Blauw's press. The man's merits (which are already bringing him a very great reputation, rather than a good one, which I beg may be said to you alone) will, I believe, not find it hard to obtain this favor. For here nothing can be printed that even slightly attacks Roman omnipotence. But in this work Hildebrand is in bad case. I do not know whether thereafter we shall have anything of that subject from the same author? And perhaps too much. But I say these things to you again, to you alone and only. I wish your wife a safe crossing of the sea, and I pray and vow for you and your whole household all prosperity. At Paris, July 18, 1645. EPISTLE CXXXI. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Leyden in Holland. We shall then enter the vast and boundless sea of your Apparatus, whenever it shall please you to launch the ship of your Primacy. While the days are still longer, we shall most gladly devote one whole day to ploughing through that immense expanse; for the short winter days would not suffice, if what I hear is true, namely that the printer has already reached twenty, and that the shores are not yet in sight. Nor can I blame this prolixity of yours in so noble a subject; rather I praise it and exalt it to the heavens, since you wish to treat that matter with the utmost exactness. I am only astonished that your own ways please you so much that you do not consider us, especially those of us who suffer from gout, and that you wish us to make so long a journey without a single milestone on which we may rest. Yet for your sake we shall dare to attempt it, and, with the cheerfulness with which we shall proceed, we shall not fail on the road. I am glad that Amyraut's letter pleased you: whenever you wish to inquire into his cause, he will not refuse to have you as judge; although you live among those who strive to represent his doctrine as most in accord with divine grace, and I fear they may at last break out into open enmity, so difficult is it even in sacred matters to disagree with moderation. Certainly he alone was and is equal to subduing all opponents. Let Spanheim deploy his forces, and you will see with what courage our man from Saumur will attack them. Besides, Rivet wrote me at length that you had been warned beforehand by that very good letter, as you say. What should I have replied? I kept silent, and this pleased me, to digest quietly his former pupil's bitterness. Do not doubt any longer about Edward Palatine's most certain and undisputed to the Romanists...
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EPISTOLA. 135 defectione. Idem ille Rothomagensis Ecclesiastes, qui ex urbe sua, quæ nuper vidisti ad me scripserat, præsens præsenti eadem narravit, & coram me schedulam exaravit, cujus copiam ecce mitto, si istic nollet nominari: itaque cum prudentia hoc dispensabis inter eos, quorum præcipue interest e præcipitio illustissimum Principem retrahi. Bochardus Cadomum rediit confecto foeliter negotio. Dum hic moratus est, cum Langlæo cognatum suum Advocatum Parisiensem convenere, qui legit illis ingens caput, in quo sedulo disquirit num eventus sint facta, idque probare contendit magna testimoniorum copia, cum tu unicum quo id negares, opposueris. Puro felle madet ejus calamus. Te fanaticum, emotæ mentis virum, professoremque honorarium singulis paginis nuncupat. Quamvis properet, non potest hoc teterimum monstrum ante res prolatas cuminca. Libro rerum quotidianarum titulum faciet. Hæc illi mihi confidentissime & in aurem dixere: quæ tamen te celarenolui, quia non dubito te ista omnia esse parvi facturum, immotaque mente auditurum: quin immo te severioribus si forte studiis lassatum reficient & recreabunt. Vidi quæ ad Pævis ad amicum scripsisti; nec judicii libertatem improbo. Monere tamen debeo ut in hac re cautius procedas. Omnis aula propter hunc puerum in factiones divisa est. Nec deest dubitandi ratio utrinque intricatissima. Ego ubi audivi ista fata evolventem, somniorum illusionibus turbari me arbitrabar, adeo fabulæ est hæc historia proxima. Hoc certum est, filiam, quæ imparibus nuptiis Cabotio nuper copulata est, curasse eum varias in terras asportari, inscia matre, cui postmodum persuasum erat eum diem obiisse. Nec unquam istic mater pensionem solvit, sed filia. Mater autem ante paucos dies, filium vivere edocta, tot tantaque affert testimonia, ut eam mentiri nescio an aliquis credat. Veniat ergo cum bona tua gratia , quæ ita gratior adveniet: ei quæcunque potero officia libentissime impendam. Tu Vale & ama. Lut. Paris. IV. Augusti. CICIXCXLV. EPISTOLA CXXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Basavorum. R Eddam tibi veteres tuas voces. Non inficete me lusisti, quasi pedibus articulari morbo laborantibus legere deberem nobilissimi tui Apparatus infinitas paginas. Atqui oculato capite, & ni fallor, valde sano eas evolvam: ubi typographi vestrates illas orbi nostro familiares fecerint. , nec ante non paucos menses quam orditur telam pertextam videbis. Interea tibi vacabit cum inchoata perficere, tum ad alia quoque manum porrigere. Quod Gratiam Universalem spectat, quia contrariis partibus vistuum nomen ceneri, per me id facias licet. Multos tamen e castris vestris transfugas quotidie agmen nostrum recipit: nec poenitendam speramus accessionem
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EPISTLE. 135 on defection. That same ecclesiastic of Rouen, who from his city, which you recently saw, had written to me, told the same story in person to the man himself, and in my presence wrote out a note, a copy of which I am sending you here, if he should prefer not to be named there; thus you will handle this with prudence among those who are especially concerned to see the most illustrious Prince withdrawn from the precipice. Bochard returned to Caen, the business having been brought to a happy conclusion. While he stayed here, he and Langlæus, his relative, the Advocate of Paris, met with one another, and he read them a long chapter, in which he carefully inquires whether events are facts, and he strives to prove this with a great abundance of witnesses, whereas you have opposed to it the single point by which you denied it. His pen drips with pure gall. On every page he calls you fanatical, a man of disturbed mind, and an honorary professor. Although he hastens, he cannot bring forth this most hideous monster before the things themselves have been produced. He will make it the title of a book of daily occurrences. They told me these things very confidently and in my ear; yet I did not wish to conceal them from you, because I do not doubt that you will think little of all this, and will hear it with an unshaken mind: indeed, if by chance you are wearied by more serious studies, they will refresh and restore you. I have seen what you wrote to your friend at Pævis; nor do I disapprove your freedom of judgment. Yet I must warn you to proceed more cautiously in this matter. The whole court, because of this boy, is divided into factions. Nor is there any lack of very tangled reason for doubting on either side. When I heard him unfolding these destinies, I thought I was being disturbed by the illusions of dreams, so closely does this story resemble a fable. This much is certain: the daughter, who was recently joined in an unequal marriage to Cabotius, took care that he was carried off into various lands, unknown to the mother, who was afterwards persuaded that he had died that day. And the mother never paid the pension there, but the daughter did. But the mother, a few days ago, having learned that her son is alive, brings forward so many and such great proofs that I know not whether anyone could believe her to be lying. Therefore let her come with your good favor, all the more welcome in that way: I shall most gladly render her whatever services I can. Farewell and love me. Paris, Aug. 4, 1645. EPISTLE CXXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden in Brabant. I will give you back your old words. You have not inaptly deceived me, as though I ought to read, with my feet suffering from an articular ailment, the countless pages of your most noble Apparatus. And yet, with my eyes open, and if I am not mistaken, quite sound, I shall go through them, when your printers have made them familiar to our world; and not until several months have passed, as the web is being woven, will you see it completed. Meanwhile it will be in your power both to finish what you have begun and to extend your hand also to other matters. As for the Universal Peace, since your name is thought of among the opposing parties, you may do that through me if you wish. Yet many deserters from your camp are daily being received into our ranks; nor do we hope for an accession to be regretted
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CL. S A R R A V I I nem ex eo quod paratur prælio inter fortissimos harum istarumque regionum adversarios. Quid præterea scribam vix occurrit. Dionysius Talæus Audo- mari filius, de Universa Philosophia Græce ἀ μᾶλα πιπαίδευμινος, nu- diustertius in Regia Navarra respondit. Præter Nuntium Papalem adfuere quadragintacirciter Episcopi vestibus Pontificalibus insignes. Fecit hanc fre- quentiam conventus Ecclesiæ Gallicanæ, qui hic jam magna pompa celebra- tur. Hicrosolymitanum primum Concilium, de quo in Actis, Pastoribus constabat, hoc autem Regibus abundat, qui tamen omnes Ludovico nostro ser- viunt, vel potius suo Emerio, qui ab ipsis quanquam renitentibus grandem pecuniæ summam emunget. Caix tuæ opto facile maris vadum, tibique, cum & sine illa, omnia prospera. Hic valemus, vos valete. Lut. Paris. XI. Augusti. CIO IDC XLV. E P I S T O L A CXXXIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Batavorum. Ingulos ruinæ Voetianæ gradus gratum fuit ex Literis tuis intelligere, uti ea semper omnia, quæ te tuosque, sive amicos sive æmulos, specta- bunt. Nonnulla istius viri olim legeram, in quibus satis multa congerere per videbatur, sed parvo aut nullo judicio congesta. Vincebat tamen, sed causa non ingenio. At malis modis malignitatem summam tu- tari dum voluit, artes ejus patuere, refractisque tantæ nequitiae claustris, jam vivet bonis omnibus, mitius dicam, contemptibilis. Ita nemo læditur nisi a semet ipso. Sic pateat quod ubique mali est pereatque. Stat tibi firmum bo- numque consilium Theologicis de Gratia Universali disputationibus non im- misceri. Sed vide ne me volentem in istam arenam conjicias. Scribit enim Hagiensis, de me questum esse prolixe Germanum vestrum Theologum, qua- si Ligeris accolis apertius, & iniquius saverem: ea nempe inter adversarios comparatione instituta, quæ cum plus æquo deprimat, alterumque in coelum attollat. Scio me ad cum tale nihil scripsisse, nec ad te quoque, si mea recte & ex mea mente intelligantur. Laudasti incomparabilem Theologum a fortitudine. Respondi nec Amyraldum esse imbellem, posseque dici par esse bene compositum. Dubio adhuc & incerto eventu pugnæ, vixdum inter contendentes inchoatæ, licuisse mihi arbitror athletam nostrum commendare, nec esse quod quisquam hanc laudem vitio vertat. Causam ipsam quod atti- net, hic omnes favent ei, quam Salmuriensis sovet: nec proinde mirum si donec meliora doctus ero, magistros meos sequar. Tantum rogo te Span- hemiumque credatis me nullo armatum præjudicio ad suas defensiones legen- das accessurum: cum præsertim hactenus inter viros æquitatis laude præ- stantes fere convenerit, non agi de ullo fidei capite, circa quod non liceat dis- sentire. Unde vanus fere omnis iste, qui ab utroque insumitur labor, esse videa-
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CL. SARRAVIUS from that which is being prepared for battle among the strongest adversaries of these and those regions. What else I should write hardly occurs to me. Dionysius Talaeus, son of Audomarus, in the whole of Philosophy, Greek ἀ μᾶλα πιπαίδευμινος, answered the day before yesterday at the Royal Court of Navarre. Besides the Papal Nuncio, there were present about forty Bishops distinguished by pontifical vestments. This concourse was made by the assembly of the Gallican Church, which is now being celebrated here with great pomp. The first Council of Jerusalem, of which there is mention in the Acts, consisted of pastors; this one, however, abounds in kings, who nevertheless all serve our Louis, or rather his Emmerius, who, though they resist, will wring from them a large sum of money. I wish your Caix a safe passage over the sea, and for you, with it and without it, all prosperity. We are well here; farewell. Paris, August 11, 1645. EPISTLE CXXXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Leyden, Holland. From your letters it was a pleasure to learn each stage of the Voetian ruin, as also everything that will always concern you and yours, whether friends or enemies. I had once read certain writings of that man, in which he seemed to heap up quite a lot, but with little or no judgment. Yet he was winning, but by cause, not by genius. But when, by evil means, he wished to protect his utmost malignity, his tricks became plain, and the bolts of such great wickedness having been broken, he will now live, for all good men, or, to speak more mildly, as one contemptible. Thus no one is harmed except by himself. So may whatever evil there is everywhere be laid bare and perish. Your firm and good decision stands, not to mix yourself in theological disputations on Universal Grace. But see to it that you do not throw me, when I am unwilling, into that arena. For the man of The Hague writes that your German theologian complained at length about me, as if I were showing myself more openly and unfairly in favor of the inhabitants of the Loire: namely, after a comparison was made among the adversaries, one that depresses the one beyond measure and lifts the other up to heaven. I know that I wrote nothing of that kind to him, nor to you either, if my words are rightly and according to my meaning understood. You praised the incomparable theologian for courage. I replied that Amyraldus too is not cowardly, and that he may be said to be well matched. In a battle still doubtful and uncertain in outcome, scarcely yet begun between the contenders, I think it was allowed me to commend our athlete, and there is no reason why anyone should take this praise as a fault. As for the cause itself, here everyone favors the one that the man of Saumur supports: nor is it therefore surprising if, until I am better instructed, I follow my teachers. I only ask you and Spanheim to believe that I will come to read their defenses armed with no prejudice whatever; especially since up to now it has almost been agreed among men outstanding for their fairness that no article of the faith is at issue, concerning which it is not permitted to disagree. Wherefore that labor, undertaken by both sides, seems almost vain,
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EPISTOLA. 137 videatur, nisi quia sacram scripturam explicare & ornare satagit. Non ita pridem didicisti qualem Antagonista tuus Sedani exercuerit professionem, scholasticam ex insimis & pædagogicis unam scilicet. Sed scin tu qualem ejus parens? Adscriptus erat eorum laterculo, qui tormenta bellica curant & incendunt. An miraris cum tot fulmina & tonitrua crepare? & in flammas ignem que ausu temerario ruere? Hoc si jam discis, aliquid in futuri libri titulo mutabitur. Nos interea hunc Salmonea crudeles dantem poenas aspicimus in prima, quæ prodiit parte: & sane satis est. Habet. Lutet. Paris. 18. Aug. CLIX DCC XLV. EPISTOLA CXXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Accipiet libentissime, & cum meritissima gratiarum actione, Vidua Ro- hania, quam polliceris defuncti conjugis tumulo inscribendam epigra- phen. Ita mihi roganti ipsa nuper respondit. Mitte ergo, quando voles, tanto viro teque scriptore dignissimum monumentum. Sed vide ut in pau- ciora contrahas, quæ olim diffusius exarata ostendisti. De Eloquentia, quæ nulla aut mediocris fuit, silere satius est, & de scriptionis genere, quod Principem apprime decuit, aliquid dicere. Interea hic laborat amplissimus ordo in Tan- credi filii causa cognoscenda; quæ sane licet multo favore subnixa, suis non caret difficultatibus: & adsunt utrinque strenui vindices, qui summa conten- tione negotium urgent. Adolescentis liberalis indoles suaviter ad se allicit plurimos, quos Sororis ferocior animus parum sibi conciliat. Si diutius in Edictali auditorio judicis officio functus fuissem, satis notabiles fuissent par- tes meæ in hac causa. Me enim mater delegerat, qui de rebus suis ad Sena- tum referrem; nec infeliciter hactenus in iis versatus sum. Sed post exactum biennium ex ordine inter nos constanter servato, oportet me loco cedere & lampadem tradere sequuturo. Cæterum satis leve fuisse videtur argumentum, quo ejus filius votiæ tibi suspectus fuit. Quid enim, an adultera uxorem non po- test ex marito suscipere prolem legitimam? Pater est quem nuptiæ demonstrant, inquiunt leges nostræ. Ubilibellus supplex curiæ oblatus fuerit, rem omnem tecum communicabo, & ut video tibi inaudita audies. Nullum tibi indicabo Elzeviriorum improbum facinus, aliquidve ab iis tentatum esset, quod te cel- tum voluerint. Ipse scripsisti, cum negares quæ rogaveram piæ idæ , omnia exemplaria jam in sarcinas esse compacta Lutetiam mittenda: Elzevirii filium primo vento solvere cogitantem, quod nondum impressum esset, secum ac- cepturum. Tum subjecisti, ne per uxorem mitteres ea, quæ desiderabam, hanc esse causam quod resici deberent in editis aliquot paginæ, quas nolles a me videri nisi emendatas. Hæc tua sunt omnia. Audi jam mea. Questus sum, & adhuc, si pateris, quoror quod suas Elzevirios in suas sarcinas folia, quæ am- S
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EPISTLE 137 It would not seem so, were it not that he is eager to explain and adorn Sacred Scripture. Not long ago you learned what profession your antagonist exercised at Sedan, namely, a scholastic one, from the lowest and pedagogical ranks. But do you know what his father’s was? He was enrolled in the little register of those who take charge of and fire artillery. Do you wonder, then, that so many thunderbolts and peals of thunder burst forth, and that with reckless boldness he rushes into flames and fire? If you learn this now, something will be changed in the title of the future book. Meanwhile we behold this Salmoneus, paying cruel penalties, in the first part that has appeared; and indeed that is enough. He has it. Paris, 18 Aug. 1745. EPISTLE CXXXIV. M. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. Widow Rohana, whom you promise to have an epitaph inscribed on the tomb of her deceased husband, will receive it most gladly, and with the most fitting gratitude. She herself recently replied thus to me when I asked. Send, then, whenever you wish, a monument worthy of so great a man and of you as a writer. But see that you compress into fewer words what you once showed as written at greater length. About his eloquence, which was either nonexistent or only mediocre, it is better to be silent, and to say something about the style of writing, which suited a prince extremely well. Meanwhile this distinguished body is laboring over the investigation of the case of Tancred’s son; a case which, although supported by much favor, is not without its difficulties, and there are vigorous champions on both sides, who press the matter with the greatest determination. The young man’s generous character gently attracts many to him, whom his sister’s more violent temper draws little to her side. If I had remained longer in the Edictal audience performing the judge’s office, my parts in this case would have been quite noteworthy. For his mother had chosen me to report her affairs to the Senate, and thus far I have not handled them unsuccessfully. But after the two years have run their course, with the order firmly observed among us, I must yield my place and hand the torch to the one who follows. Moreover, the argument by which his son was suspected by you seems to have been quite slight. For what? Can an adulterous woman not bear a legitimate child by her husband? “The father is the one whom the marriage shows him to be,” our laws say. Wherever a petition shall have been presented to the court, I shall communicate the whole matter to you, and, as I see it, you will hear things you have not heard before. I shall indicate to you no wicked deed of the Elzevirs, nor anything attempted by them that they wished to keep hidden from you. You yourself wrote, when you denied what I had asked piae idæ , that all the copies were already packed up in crates to be sent to Paris; that Elzevir’s son, intending to set sail with the first wind, would take with him what had not yet been printed. Then you added that I should not send through your wife what I desired, and that this was the reason why certain pages in the printed copies ought to be rejected, pages which you would not want me to see unless corrected. These are all your own words. Now hear mine. I have complained, and still do, if you allow it, that the Elzevirs have put into their crates the sheets that am- S
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. Occasione cujusdam litis, quæ generum suum spectabat, adfuit mihi nuper Canonicarii filius. Num miraris quam me facilem discipulum habeas, qui tam cito doctrinam tuam imbiberim? Mitius solito querelas suas exposuit, ita tamen ut offensum & inimicum animum subinde proderet. Quia autem controversa inter vos argumenta tenuia ei videntur, cogitat ea inferere præclaris de jure disputationibus, quibus lector magis capiatur, quam nudis vestris eristicis. Dira illa quibus te potest pessumdare, extant in tuis ad illum olim exaratis litteris. Singula non explicavit. Sed si bonus conjector sum, vult quædam in illis haberi adversus tuis tuis , dicta licentiosius, quam ea ferat impune eorum auctor. Sed audi quod rideas, & assem para. Immo noli solvere sacculum, ; quod gratis datum est, gratis accipe. Sic ille ad me. Vixit non ita pridem Vir eruditissimus & inter prima sæculi nostri decora suo merito censendus Cl. Salmasius. Nihil illum Græcæ, nihil Latinæ scientiæ fugiebat. Sed vir ille extimius ante decennium in Bataviam secessit: ex quo autem istic moratur, dicas eum ceci disse , adeo in omnibus cum ratio fugit; cadaver spirans & ambulans vere aliquis existimet. Desiderantur enim omnia illa doctrinæ miracula, quibus olim defixi stupebamus. Meras agit nugas, quisquiliæ grammaticales sunt ejus deliciæ, in quibus tamen sæpissime offendit, sicut apertissime ostendam in Responsione quam adorno. Vix à risu temperavi. Mirum est dixi, universum orbem exeutire, nec tantam mutationem ulli adhuc suboluisse. Sed a convitiussaltem abstine. Atro-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. On the occasion of a certain lawsuit, which concerned his son-in-law, the son of Canonicarius recently came to see me. “Do you wonder that you have such an easy pupil, since I have so quickly imbibed your teaching? He set forth his complaints more gently than usual, yet in such a way that he continually betrayed a hurt and hostile mind. But since the arguments in dispute between you seem to him slight, he is considering bringing against them illustrious discussions on law, by which the reader may be more captivated than by your bare eristic arguments. Those dreadful things by which he can ruin you are contained in the letters you once wrote to him. He did not explain the details. But if I am a good guesser, he wants certain things in them to be held against you—things said a little too freely for their author to bear them with impunity. But listen to what will make you laugh, and get your penny ready. Nay, do not even untie your purse; what was given for free, receive for free.” So he spoke to me. Not long ago there lived the most learned man, and one who by right must be ranked among the foremost ornaments of our age, Cl. Salmasius. Nothing in Greek learning, nothing in Latin learning escaped him. But that most distinguished man withdrew to Batavia a decade ago; and since he has been living there, one might say that he has grown blind, so completely has reason failed him in everything; one might truly think him a breathing and walking corpse. For all those miracles of learning are now lacking, at which once we stood amazed, spellbound. He merely engages in trifles; grammatical scraps are his delight, and yet in these he very often blunders, as I shall make perfectly clear in the Response I am preparing. I scarcely restrained my laughter. “It is astonishing,” I said, “that the whole world should be shaken, and that such a change should have been sensed by no one until now. But at least abstain from insults.” Atro-
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EPISTOLA. 139 " Atrociora nonnulla induxi, respondit, communiumque amicorum precibus " hoc concessi: ut enim lapidis instar ejus ferocia verba non intellexisse aut " etiam contempsisse videar, nondum a me potui impetrare. Ethic finis fuit nostræ confabulationis. Heri Rex Puer in suo Iusticiæ, uti vocant, Lectister- nio sedit: quod omnino factum semel, infelicissimo exemplo. anno ultimi sæculi sexagesimo tertio, docent annales nostri. Plurima Edicta bursalia pu- blicari & curiæ actis inscribi jussit, adstantibus cum Regina Matre, Aurelianen- si, Condæo & Cardinalibus, Lugdunensi, Bichio & Mazarino, non paucis regni primatibus. Cancellarius aulicam & scenæ personæque suæ convenien- tem orationem habuit. Molæus Princeps Senatus, amplissimi ordinis digni- tatem generose & modeste tutatus est. At Talæus tuus eleganter & fortiter cum auditorum summa admiratione & bonorum omnium gaudio dixit. Co- gitabam in Aquitaniam proficisci. Sed hac ipsa nocte invasit me acutissima podagra, quam in turba & tumultu hesternæ cæremoniæ lucrifeci. Ultima Augusti obiit Pinarolii ante quinque menses eo relegatus, Vir Magnus Joan- nes Iacobus Barillonus Præses meliori fortuna dignissimus. Vale. Lutet. Pa- ris. VIII. Sept. 1313c XLV. EPISTOLA CXXXVI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Q uod te scire juvabit primum scribam. Uxor tua huc salva cum vasis co- mitibusque advenit. Iactata est ventis & pelago novem dies. Navis qua vehebatur Angliæ tetigit littora: Diepæ descendit. Unum diem in urbe morata, ad fratrem properavit. Reliquam itineris fortunam ipsa enarrabit. De ejus ingenio erga istam hancve regionem quid dicam? Respondebo versu Ho- ratiano Cælum non animum, nosti cætera: & quod fuit ante, manet. Unum me vehementer afflixit quod de perpetuo nutante tua valetudine dixit. Et sane hoc unum suadere debet migrationem. Sed quo? In Septentrionem? Omnia bellorum plena. In patriam? Scis quibus legibus hic vivamus. Nisi jam res essent prolatæ non invitus postquam judex esse desii, patrocinium susciperem causæ Tancredi: nec enim adeo deplorata est, quam te existimare video. Sed post Martinalia forum calebit ista nobili controversia, quam nefas est præliba- re. Dicam tamen nonnulla quæ ignorare te video. Contendit Mater & turba testium vult probare, Rohanium patrem scivisse Venetiis se gravidam esse: quia autem nunquam nisi cum summo vitæ discrimine parere soleret, consen- sisse ut in Galliam paritura veniret: præbuisse ad iter pecuniam & familiam: sci- visse ex hoc partu filium natum; celare voluisse, quia verebatur ne Eminentis- simus mortalium, qui odio in parentem, Olympiæ filiolæ, quæ Lutetiæ apud nutricem relicta fuerat, custodes olim adhibuerat, filium itidem prehenderet, & in cum crudele aliquod facinus statueret. Patrem postea Parisiis moratum S 2 non
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EPISTLE. 139 " I have introduced some things more atrocious," he replied, " and this I have granted at the prayers of our common friends: for as I cannot yet obtain from myself that I should seem not to have understood, or even to have despised, his savage words, like a stone. Such was the end of our conversation. Yesterday the Boy King sat in his so-called Hall of Justice couch: a thing done only once before, with the most unhappy precedent, as our annals teach, in the sixty-third year of the last century. He ordered very many fiscal edicts to be published and entered in the acts of the court, in the presence of the Queen Mother, with the Duke of Orléans, Condé and the Cardinals, Lion, Bichi and Mazarin, and not a few of the chief men of the realm. The Chancellor delivered a speech suited to the court, the stage, and his own person. Prince Mole, President of the Senate, generously and modestly upheld the dignity of that most distinguished order. But your Talæus spoke elegantly and forcefully, to the greatest admiration of the hearers and the joy of all good men. I was thinking of setting out for Aquitaine. But this very night a most acute gout seized me, which I earned amid the crowd and bustle of yesterday's ceremony. On the last day of August there died at Pinerolo, whither he had been banished five months earlier, the great man Johannes Jacobus Barillon, President, most worthy of a better fortune. Farewell. Paris, 8 Sept. 1313c XLV. EPISTLE CXXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. What will delight you to know, I shall write first. Your wife arrived here safe, along with the chests and the rest of the baggage. She was tossed by winds and sea for nine days. The ship in which she was being carried touched the shores of England: she disembarked at Dieppe. After staying one day in the city, she hastened to her brother. She herself will recount the rest of the journey's fortune. As to her disposition toward this or that region, what shall I say? I shall answer with Horace's verse, "The sky, not the mind"; you know the rest: and what was before remains. One thing greatly afflicted me: what she said of your ever-shaking state of health. And indeed this alone ought to persuade migration. But where? To the North? Everywhere full of wars. To your homeland? You know by what laws we live here. Unless matters had already been postponed, I would not unwillingly, now that I have ceased to be a judge, undertake the patronage of the Tancred case: for it is not so utterly desperate as I see you suppose. But after the Martinalia the court will warm to that noble controversy, which it would be a sin to hint at beforehand. Yet I shall say some things which I see you do not know. The Mother and the crowd of witnesses claim to prove that Rohanius knew in Venice that she was pregnant: and since she had never been accustomed to give birth except at the greatest risk to her life, he consented that she should come to France to deliver her child; he supplied money and servants for the journey; he knew that a son had been born from this birth; he wished to conceal it, because he feared lest the most eminent of mortals, who out of hatred for the mother had once stationed guards for Olympia's little daughter, who had been left at Paris with a nurse, might seize the son as well and devise some cruel deed against him. The father later stayed in Paris, not...
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. Quod ais, disputationem de Gratia Universali meram esse λογομαχίαν, vereor ut satis rem totam perspexeris. Cum enim duplex sit Gratia; una quæ sese habet ad modum objecti, ut cum scholis loquar, & est instar lucis extrinsecus se offerentis; altera quæ subjectum præparat atque disponit, ut Gratiam externam admittere queat, & est instar facultatis videndi in oculo: Posteriorem quod attinet Andegavenses cum Batavis consentiunt. Utrinque enim Gratia illa statuitur esse singularis. Priorem autem quod spectat, in eo dissentiunt: quod hi gratiam externam & objectivam non existimant latius paterè quam internam & subjectivam; eamque credunt ad solos Electos pertinere: Illi vero docent eam omnibus offerri per Euangeli prædicationem, neminemque ab ea excludi, qui modo ad eam accedere, eamque amplecti velit. De re ergo, non tantum de nomine quæstio est. Quod autem existimare videis, concessa gratia speciali subjectiva, Gratiam universalem objectivam pessum ire; quia eadem gratia universalis esse non possit & etiam specialis, hoc est ad paucos restricta homines beneficio fidei; idem omnino facis ac si statueres, lucem solis non esse universalem, quia pauci si forte eam oculis usurpant, reliquis ultro claudentibus oculos, ne eam admittere cogantur. Certe una eademque Gratia non potest, eodem modo considerata, esse specialis & universalis. At Gratia fidei & Gratia quam fides complectitur, diversæ sunt: altera
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. What you say, namely, that the dispute about Universal Grace is mere λογομαχία, makes me fear that you have not sufficiently perceived the whole matter. For since Grace is twofold: one which relates to the manner of the object, to speak with the schools, and is like light offering itself from without; the other which prepares and disposes the subject, so that it may be able to admit external Grace, and is like the faculty of seeing in the eye: as to the latter, the people of Anjou agree with the Batavians. For on both sides that Grace is held to be singular. But as to the former, they differ in this: that these do not think external and objective grace extends any further than internal and subjective grace; and they believe it pertains only to the Elect: whereas those teach that it is offered to all through the preaching of the Gospel, and that no one is excluded from it who is willing to approach it and embrace it. The question therefore is not merely about the name, but about the thing. And what you seem to think, that once special subjective grace is granted, universal objective Grace falls to the ground; because the same grace cannot be universal and also special, that is, restricted to a few men by the benefit of faith; you are doing exactly the same as if you were to maintain that the light of the sun is not universal, because a few, if by chance they use it with their eyes, the rest willingly closing their eyes lest they be compelled to admit it. Certainly one and the same Grace cannot, considered in the same way, be both special and universal. But the Grace of faith and the Grace which faith embraces are different: the former
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EPISTOLÆ. 141 altera enim consistit in vi & efficacitate aliqua Spiritus illuminantis; altera in promissione remissionis peccatorum, propter Christi satisfactionem. Itaque hæc potest esse universalissima, cum illa sit maxime specialis. Quemadmodum offerri potest sol universaliter omnibus, ea lege ut omnes aperiant oculos, cum tamen paucis detur ut velint aperire oculos, quorum ope oblatam lucem videant. Dum autem affirmas, Gratiam Universalem illusoriam fore, si ab ipso DEO ad paucos per specialem restringatur; quia specialis universali potentissime derogat: ausim iterum dicere Andegavensium mentem tibi non esse cognitam. Gratia enim specialis non potest universali derogare, nisi prohibeat quominus universalis rata esse possit atque efficax: At Andegavenses (pro quibus aperte stat quicquid fuit Græcorum & Latinorum Patrum totis octo prioribus a Christo nato sæculis) ita doctrinam suam explicant, ut Gratiam specialem statuant quidem in Electis agere longe potentissime, at eandem in aliis quicquam operari negant. Illuminat quidem DEUS Electorum oculos, at Reproborum non occæcat, sed eos tantummodo sibi permitit. Idem igitur facis ac si diceres, vim videndi, quam DEUS dat nonnullis natura cæcis, derogare luci solis, quominus omnibus offeratur. Et foret quidem illa Gratia illusoria, si DEUS, qui eam offert, aliquid in Reproborum mentibus operaretur, cujus vi credere prohiberentur: at nihil efficit istiusmodi. Itaque Gratiam Universalem offert maxime serio. Præterea statuis universalem Gratiam stare posse juxta Pelagium, quia Deus talem esse voluit, nec per eum stat, sed per homines, quominus omnibus proficiat: non vero ex dogmatis orthodoxi sententia, ubi ille qui videtur dedisse universalem, eam restringit ad paucos, adeo ut per eum ipsum qui dedit, reddatur specialis. Sed videtur posse retorqueri. Si enim nihil requiritur ut Gratia possit esse universalis, nisi ut per solos homines stet, quominus omnibus proficiat, ex orthodoxo dogmate, per solos homines stat quominus DEI gratia, hoc est Christi satisfactio, omnibus proficere queat. Per nos enim stare dicitur quominus aliquid fiat, cum ipsi causa sumus cur non fiat. At sane soli homines causa ipsi sunt, cur non serventur per Christi satisfactionem, nec est DEUS auctor incredulitatis & exitii hominum, Tua perditio ex te Israel. Omne illud quod circa hominum incredulitatem agit DEUS, in eo consistit, quod nihil agit. Offert quidem objectum quod amplectantur si velint; at a se omnino habent quod nolint illud amplecti, non autem a DEO. Nec enim si DEUS auctor est & causa efficiens fidei in Electis, sequitur eum esse auctorem & causam efficientem incredulitatis in Reprobis. Quod tamen addis DEUM ipsum facere gratiam illam particularem, indiget explicatione. Nosti apprime, cum nihil pænete lateat, quæ sit rerum conditionatarum natura. Offerat DEUS lucem, ut in eodem simili maneamus, offerat inquam, omnibus, ea lege ut sit omnibus vivifica, modo oculos aperire velint: hactenus Gratia est universalis, sed conditione subnixa. Pergat DEUS ulterius & paucis quibusdam indulgeat ut oculos aperire velint; reliquos vero permittat suæ pertinaciæ, per quam oculos S 3
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EPISTLES. 141 for the one consists in the force and certain efficacy of the enlightening Spirit; the other in the promise of the remission of sins, on account of Christ’s satisfaction. Therefore the latter may be most universal, while the former is most particular. Just as the sun may be offered universally to all, on the condition that all open their eyes, while yet it is given to few to be willing to open their eyes, by whose help they may see the light that is offered. But while you affirm that Universal Grace would be illusory, if, by God himself, it were restricted to a few by means of a special grace; because the special most powerfully derogates from the universal: I dare again say that you do not know the mind of the men of Anjou. For special grace cannot derogate from universal grace, unless it prevent the universal from being able to be valid and efficacious: but the men of Anjou (for whom plainly stands whatever belonged to the Greek and Latin Fathers throughout the whole first eight centuries after Christ’s birth) explain their doctrine in such a way that they indeed hold special grace to act in the Elect far more powerfully, but deny that it works anything in others. God indeed enlightens the eyes of the Elect, but He does not blind the eyes of the Reprobate, but merely leaves them to themselves. You therefore do the same as if you were to say that the power of seeing, which God gives to some naturally blind persons, derogates from the light of the sun, so that it may not be offered to all. And indeed that Grace would be illusory if God, who offers it, were to work something in the minds of the Reprobate, by virtue of which they would be prevented from believing; but He effects nothing of that kind. Therefore He offers Universal Grace most seriously. Moreover, you maintain that universal Grace can stand alongside Pelagius, because God willed it to be such, and it is not by Him, but by men, that it does not benefit all: but not so according to the judgment of orthodox doctrine, where He who seems to have given the universal grace restricts it to a few, so that by Him himself who gave it, it is made particular. But this seems capable of being turned back upon you. For if nothing is required for Grace to be universal, except that it be by men alone that it does not benefit all, then according to orthodox doctrine it is by men alone that the grace of God, that is, the satisfaction of Christ, cannot benefit all. For we are said to make it impossible for something to be done when we ourselves are the cause why it is not done. But surely men alone are themselves the cause why they are not saved through Christ’s satisfaction, and God is not the author of unbelief and destruction in men: “Your destruction is from yourself, O Israel.” All that God does with regard to the unbelief of men consists in this, that He does nothing. He offers indeed the object, that they may embrace it if they will; but they have entirely from themselves, not from God, the fact that they are unwilling to embrace it. For neither, if God is the author and efficient cause of faith in the Elect, does it follow that He is the author and efficient cause of unbelief in the Reprobate. Yet what you add, that God Himself makes that particular grace, needs explanation. You know very well, since almost nothing is hidden from you, what the nature of conditional things is. Let God offer light, to remain in the same comparison, let Him offer it, I say, to all, on the condition that it be life-giving to all, provided they are willing to open their eyes: so far the Grace is universal, but with a condition attached. Let God go further and grant to a few that they be willing to open their eyes; let Him, however, leave the rest to their own obstinacy, by which they keep their eyes S 3
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CL. SARRAVII oculos nolunt aperire. Idem ille qui Gratiam proposuit Universalem omnibus, effecit ut esset paucis specialis. At quod specialis est nonnullis & absoluta, non vero conditionalis, non facit quominus aliorum respectu conditionalis maneat & etiam universalis. Quod enim in paucis factum est, in reliquorum conditione, plane nihil immutavit. Et a te allatum exemplum, si recte constituatur, hanc sententiam confirmat, adversariam funditus evertit. Rex subditis suis rebellibus, Edicto proposito, gratiam delicti sui omnibus universim condonet, ea lege ut a rebellione desistant & ad meliorem mentem redeant. Gratia illa ex tua mente potest universalis esse & dici. Eare non contentus Rex, quia scit in omnibus ex æquo vigere tantam tamque invictam in rebellione pertinaciam, ut nemo non sit in rebellione perstiturus, aliquid amplius designet, & aliquos seponat quibus eam gratiam indulgeat, ut eos criminis sui poeniteat & ad obsequium se componant, unde fiat ut revera gratiam consequantur. Certe quod Gratia illa veniæ delicti facta sit paucorum respectu specialis & absoluta, ideo quia conditionem impleverunt, nihil mutat in natura Edicti, quod, reliquorum respectu, gratiam fecit & conditionalem & universalem. Quod enim Rex dat nonnullis ut respiscant, non impedit quominus idem ille Rex Edictum suum promulgaverit in hæc verba. Volo delicti gratiam esse communem omnibus, modo omnes respiscant. Universali ergo Gratiæ optime convenit cum Orthodoxo dogmate: at cum Pelagiano nequaquam. Pelagianum enim dogma in eo situm est, non quod Pelagius docuit DEUM offerre Gratiam universalem omnibus, alioqui Christus ipse Pelagianus foret, qui dixit DEUM tantopere dilexisse mundum, ut filium suum unigenitum dederit, ut quicunque credet in eum non pereat, sed habeat vitam æternam; sed in eo, quod statuit, Gratiam illam universalem a nonnullis accipi atque admitti viribus naturalibus liberi arbitrii, non vi gratiæ illius subjectivæ, atque particularis, quæ in Electis operatur. A quo errore DEI beneficio maxime abhorremus. Sic soluta esse crediderim, quæ a te in doctrinam nostram disputata sunt. Unum tamen addo; Cum Reprobos excis comparavi, Electos vero quos DEUS illuminat, iis quibus videndi facultas concederetur, nolle me id ita accipi, quasi excitas mentis, quæ in Reprobis a natura est, esset plane similis oculorum excitati: hæc enim consistit in aliquo vitio, quod neque boni neque mali moralis rationem habet, quodque est istiusmodi, ut homini pertinaciter adhærescat, etsi id vehementer velit excutere: ideoque vix ac ne vix quidem Lux serio offerri potest iis, qui eo vitio laborant, nisi pariter vitium ipsum tollatur. At illa consistit in malitia voluntaria, quæ ita quidem voluntati penitus insedit, ut tolli nequeat, nisi potentissima vi spiritus DEI, sed est malitia tamen, ideoque inter mala moralia censetur. Nihil autem obstat quominus DEUS gratiam illam objectivam & externam maxime serio iis offerat, qui tali vitio laborant, ut est a Dordracena Synodo disertis verbis definitum. Ait enim illa & omnes vocari, ut res ipsa indicat; & omnes qui vocantur, serio vocari; & omnibus qui vocantur, serio pariter promitti la- lutem
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CL. SARRAVII do not want to open their eyes. The very one who proposed Universal Grace to all effected that it should be special for a few. But that which is special to some, and absolute, yet not conditional, does not prevent it from remaining conditional and even universal in respect to others. For what has been done in a few cases has, in the condition of the rest, altered absolutely nothing. And the example you have brought forward, if rightly set forth, confirms this opinion and utterly overturns the contrary one. A king, by a Proclamation issued to his rebellious subjects, grants universally to all the grace of their offense, on this condition, that they desist from rebellion and return to a better mind. That grace, in your view, can be universal and so called. Not content with that, the King, because he knows that in all alike there prevails such great and unconquerable obstinacy in rebellion that no one will not persist in rebellion, designates something further, and sets apart some to whom he grants that grace, so that they may repent of their crime and conform themselves to obedience, whence it comes about that they truly obtain grace. Certainly the fact that that grace of pardon for the offense has been made special and absolute with respect to a few, because they fulfilled the condition, changes nothing in the nature of the Edict, which, with respect to the rest, made grace both conditional and universal. For what the King gives to some so that they may come to their senses does not prevent the same King from having promulgated his Edict in these words: I will the grace of the offense to be common to all, provided that all come to their senses. Universal Grace, therefore, agrees very well with the Orthodox doctrine; but by no means with the Pelagian. For the Pelagian doctrine consists in this, not that Pelagius taught that GOD offers Universal Grace to all—for otherwise Christ himself would be Pelagian, who said that GOD so loved the world that He gave His only-begotten Son, so that whoever believes in Him should not perish, but have eternal life; but in this, that it establishes that that universal Grace is received and admitted by some by the natural powers of free will, not by the force of that subjective and particular grace which works in the Elect. From this error, by the favor of GOD, we most strongly shrink. Thus I should think that what you have disputed against our doctrine has been answered. One thing I add, however: when I compared the Reprobate to the blind, but the Elect, whom GOD enlightens, to those to whom the faculty of seeing would be granted, I did not mean it to be taken as though the blindness of mind which is in the Reprobate by nature were altogether like the blindness of the eyes: for this latter consists in some defect which has neither the character of moral good nor evil, and which is of such a kind that it clings obstinately to a man, even though he greatly wishes to shake it off; and therefore Light can scarcely, indeed hardly at all, be seriously offered to those who labor under that defect, unless the defect itself be likewise removed. But the former consists in voluntary malice, which is indeed so deeply implanted in the will that it cannot be removed unless by the most powerful force of the Spirit of GOD, yet it is still malice, and therefore is reckoned among moral evils. Nothing, however, prevents GOD from offering that objective and external grace most seriously to those who labor under such a defect, as has been expressly determined by the Synod of Dordrecht. For it says that all are called, as the matter itself indicates; and that all who are called are called seriously; and that to all who are called, salvation is likewise seriously promised
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EPISTOLÆ. 143 lutem & requiem æternam animarum. Et hæc hactenus; quæ fusius prosequutus sum, quia per hoc rerum prolatarum otium, licuit mihi Sapientiæ templa serena ingredi. Scribit Carolus Feramus, fori nostri non incelebris causarum patronus, in agri Bononiensis pago, cui Courseto nomen est, effossum esse non ita pridem vetustissimum e lapide candidissimo sepulcrum. In eo quattuor urnas fictiles, quarum aliæ cineribus & ossiculis, aliæ quodam ignoto liquore essent plenæ, repertas esse, cum sede ferrea, plane ad earum modum fabri- cata quas plicantes vel potius plicatiles vocamus, variis clavis auratis interstincta: & orbe quoque fictili cui inscriptum erat ALBUTIANI. Turbat hæc epigraphe, ut & sedes ferrea, quæ fortassean veterum sella curulis fuerit. Si quid inde reconditæ eruditionis erui possit, ultero invocat virorum doctorum judicia, & tuum inprimis. Uxor tua peregre adhuc abest apud fratrem. Hic omnes gratia DEI valemus, nisi quod podagra me domi sedere cogit. Tu quoque Vale. Addo quod oblitus eram; Pagum illum Coursetum adstare itineri, quod Viride vulgo vocatur & a Romanis stratum esse, ex veteri fama, affirmatur. Iterum Vale. Lutetiæ Parisior. XXI I. Septembris. CIC IXC XLV. EPISTOLA CXXXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. F Uit ergo proh dolor! Vir re & nomine Magnus, clarumque sæculi nostri fidus Hugo Grotius. O casum litteris acerbum, ô jacturam gravissimam! Sit illi terra levis, & super ejus tumulum surgant violæ. Magnum certe erit Grotii nomen, quamdiu honos erit libris & scientiis. Ego certe, dum spiritus hos reget artus, ei aliquando familiarius innotuisse semper gloriabor. Solus ille de principatu litterario tecum contendere posse videbatur. Solus ergo jam regnas & diutissime regnes, DEUM opt. max. veneror precorque. Nihil jam prohibet ejus Commentarium De Imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra, cum amicis communicari vel etiam cum omnibus per editionem. Absit enim ut pereat, vel etiam amplius lateat tam illustre doctrinæ exquisitionis monumentum. Sed an habet Gulielmus ejus frater Historiæ Belgicæ annales, vel Anthologiam Græco-Latinam? an habet Gotthica & Vandalica multa quæ dudum auctor premebat? Post hæc lugubria accipe, quod te non mediocri per- fundat statim lætitia, sed nescio an sincera aut diuturna. Penes me jam est e B. R. codex MS. Anastasi Bibliothecarii, in quo disertis verbis legitur Vita Ioannæ Papissæ, quam huic epistolæ cum DEO adtexam. In charta pergamena scriptus est manu valde recenti, utpote quæ Paparum seriem ad Martini quinti tempora deduxerit. In principio satis belle illi convenit cum editione Moguntina anno M DC II. ex M. Velleri codice procurata: in sequentibus multæ reperiuntur varietates, & habet plurima editus, quæ in Regio desiderantur. In Vita Benedicti III. hæc leguntur, quæ ex ipso exemplari describam cum suis men-
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EPISTLES. 143 peace and eternal rest to souls. And enough of this; I have set it forth at greater length because, by this leisure for unfolding matters, it was permitted me to enter the serene temples of Wisdom. Charles Feramus, a not inconsiderable advocate of causes in our forum, writes that in a village of the Bolognese territory, whose name is Courseto, a very ancient tomb of the whitest stone was recently dug up. In it were found four earthen jars, some filled with ashes and little bones, others with some unknown liquid, together with an iron seat, made exactly to their measure, such as we call folding, or rather foldable, distinguished with various gilded nails; and also an earthen disk on which was inscribed ALBUTIANI. This inscription troubles me, as does the iron seat, which perhaps was an ancient curule chair. If anything of hidden learning may be drawn from it, he appeals further to the judgments of learned men, and especially to yours. Your wife is still absent abroad, staying with her brother. Here, by the grace of GOD, we are all well, except that gout compels me to sit at home. Farewell to you also. I add what I had forgotten: that village of Courseto stands by the road commonly called Viride, and it is affirmed, from ancient report, to have been laid by the Romans. Farewell again. Paris, 21 September 1645. EPISTLE CXXXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. For alas! there has died a man great in fact and in name, and the distinguished support of our age, Hugo Grotius. What a bitter loss to letters, what a grievous deprivation! May the earth lie lightly upon him, and may violets spring upon his tomb. Truly great will be Grotius’ name so long as honor shall be given to books and the sciences. Certainly I, so long as this spirit shall govern these limbs, shall always boast that I once knew him on intimate terms. He alone seemed able to contend with you for literary supremacy. You alone therefore now reign, and may you reign for a very long time, as I worship and pray to Almighty God. Nothing now prevents his Commentary On the Power of the Highest Authorities in Matters Sacred from being shared with friends, or even with all men through publication. For far be it from such an illustrious monument of scholarly inquiry to perish, or even longer to remain hidden. But does his brother William have the Annals of Belgian History , or the Greco-Latin Anthology ? Does he have many Gothic and Vandalic works which the author had long been suppressing? After these mournful tidings, receive what will at once fill you with no small joy, though I know not whether it will be sincere or lasting. I now possess from B. R. a manuscript codex of Anastasius the Librarian, in which the Life of Pope Joan is clearly read, which I shall, with God’s help, attach to this letter. It is written on parchment in a very recent hand, since it brings the sequence of the popes down to the time of Martin V. In the beginning it agrees fairly well with the Mainz edition of the year 1602, prepared from the codex of M. Vellerius; in the later parts many variants are found, and the printed version contains many things that are lacking in the royal copy. In the Life of Benedict III these words are read, which I shall transcribe from the exemplar itself, together with their men-
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CL. SARRAVI mendis. Leo quidem hac luce subtractus presul occubuit. Mox enim omnis ele- rus istius adeo prote t te romane sedis, universi proceres cunctusque populus ac senatus domini clementiam congregati sunt exorantes, ut beatificum illi in omni- bus demonstrare dignaretur pastorem, qui apostolatus culmen regere valuisset tranquille. Qui divitus ebereoque lumine inflammati uno consensu unoque eum (hæc postrema vox, nescio an a manu recenti, reformata est in hunc modum eum) conamine pro tantis quibus pollebat sacris aperibus pontificem promulgaver unt eligere. Illico vero alacri studio universa plebs & populi cetus, &c. Hæc sunt molesta. Si enim Leone mortuo mox clerus populus ac senatus con- gregati elegere Benedictum, quis locus intermedius Joannæ relinquatur; Quin inde patet quod de ea ibi dictum est, assumetum esse hominis otio abusi. In epistola dedicatoria ad Velserum typographus Jo. Albinus alios duos locos ci- tat ex Vitis Nicolai I. & Hadriani II. qui in ejus editione extant pag. 306. & 329. quibus idem omnino evincatur Leoni nempe immediate successisse Bene- dictum: at in MS. nostro non comparent, contractior quippe est narratio ge- storum istorum Pontificum in scripto, quam in edito. Hæc volui nescius ne esses. Dum autem hunc auctorem verlo, multa occurrunt vocabula, propter quæ fateri debeo ignorantiam meam; verbi gratia pag. 262. in Leone IV. Fecit vela de fundato ornata ex utraque parte de blattin numero viginti. Blattin pro purpura sumi, olim ad Hist. Aug docuisti: sed quid verbi est de fundato. Tu quæso juva, qui hujus auctoris Glossarium dudum nobis debes, quia promi- sisti. Plura hujusmodi congerere possem, sed satius est tuæ meæque ut ope- ra parcam. Vale a me ac mea. Lutetia Paris. xxix. Septembris. c10 d18 xlv. VITA JOHANNÆ PAPISSÆ Ex MS. codice B. R. Anastasi Bibliothecarii. Post hunc Leonem (quartum scilicet) Ioannes Anglicus natione Magun- tinus sedit annis duobus, mense uno, diebus quattuor & mortuus est Ro- ma & cessavit Episcopatus mense uno. Hic ut asseritur fæmina fuit, & in puel- lari atate a quodam suo amasio in habitu virili Athenis ducta, sic in diversis scientiis profecit, ut nullus sibi par inveniretur: adeo ut, post Roma legens magnos magistros discipulos & auditores haberet. Et cum in urbe vita & scientia magnæ opinionis esset, in Papam concorditer eligitur. Sed in Papatu per suum familiarem idem impregnatur. Verum tempus partus ignorans, cum de sancto Petro in Lateranum tenderet, angustiata inter Colisaum & sancti Clementis ec- clesiam, peperit: & post mortua ibidem, ut dicitur, sepulta fuit. Et quia Dominus Papa cum vadit ad Lateranum eandem viam semper obliquat, credi- tur a pluribus, quod ob detestationem facti hoc faciat. Nec ponitur in catalogo Pontificum propter muliebris sexus deformitatem quantum ad hoc. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVI has died. For indeed, Leo having been withdrawn from this light, the bishop fell. Soon all the clergy of that Roman see, together with all the leading men, the whole people, and the senate, gathered and begged the Lord’s clemency that He might deign to show them in all things a blessed shepherd, who could peacefully govern the summit of the apostolate. Inflamed by rich and needy light, with one consent and one effort they proclaimed and chose him as pontiff on account of those sacred works by which he excelled. Then at once, with eager zeal, the whole populace and crowd of the people, etc. These things are troublesome. For if, after Leo’s death, the clergy, people, and senate immediately gathered and chose Benedict, what room is left in between for Joanna? Hence it is clear that what was said about her there was the invention of a man abusing leisure. In the dedicatory epistle to Velserus, the printer Jo. Albinus cites two other passages from the Lives of Nicolas I and Hadrian II, which in his edition stand on pp. 306 and 329, by which the same thing is altogether proved, namely that Benedict succeeded Leo immediately; but in our manuscript they do not appear, for the account of the deeds of those pontiffs in the manuscript is shorter than in the printed text. I have said this lest you should be unaware. But while I search through this author, many words occur for which I must confess my ignorance; for example, on p. 262 in Leo IV: “He made sails adorned with lining on either side, of purple cloth, twenty in number.” You have long since taught, in Hist. Aug., that blattin is taken for purple; but what is the word “de fundato”? I ask you to help me, since you owe us the Glossary of this author long ago, because you promised it. I could collect many more things of this sort, but it is better that I spare both your labor and mine. Farewell from me and mine. Paris, 29 September, c10 d18 xlv. VITA JOHANNAE PAPISSAE From the manuscript codex of B. R. Anastasius the Librarian. After this Leo, John the Englishman by nation, of Mainz, sat for two years, one month, and four days, and died at Rome, and the episcopate was vacant for one month. He, as is asserted, was a woman, and in girlhood was led in male dress by one of her lovers to Athens; there she made such progress in various branches of learning that no one could be found her equal: so much so that, after coming to Rome, she had many students and listeners among the great masters. And when, in the city, she was of great reputation for life and learning, she was unanimously chosen pope. But in the papacy she became pregnant by her intimate companion. Yet, not knowing the time of childbirth, as she was making her way from St. Peter’s to the Lateran, she gave birth, being in distress between the Colosseum and the church of St. Clement; and after her death she was buried there, as they say. And because the Lord Pope, when he goes to the Lateran, always turns aside by that same road, many believe that he does this out of detestation of the deed. Nor is she placed in the catalogue of the pontiffs because of the deformity of the female sex in this respect. EPI-
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EPISTOLA. 145 EPISTOLA CXXXIX. CL S A L M A S I U S Claudio Sarravio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Binas a me habebis hac vice. Ista litterula Vestem de fundato explicabit. Vestis de fundato est vestis, eo opere facta & aurata, quo reticula fiebant, quibus capita fæminarum ornabantur. Fundas etiam appellant, ut Græci quia fundæ, quibus lapides jaciebantur, ea parte, cui lapis imponebatur vel glans, reticulato opere erant contextæ. In vestibus autem hæ, ex auro intextæ vel phrygionico opere insutæ decussatim se intersecabant, ut maculæ in reticulis. Quod opus de fundato appellabant, id est de funda. Sed funda ut dixi intelligitur capitis muliebris ornamentum, quod Græcis & dicebatur: quæ ornamenta erant , ut Pollux notat. Inde & in vestibus fila aurea, ita reticulatim & fundatim intexta, nomen acceperunt. Vias vocavit Tibullus. ---- Vestes quas famina Coa Texuit, auratas disposuitque vias. Virgil. --- tenuique vias discreverat auro. A funda autem fundatum, idem quod funda. Ut ab arena arenatum, a fossa fossatum. Quippe recentiores dixere fossatum, quod veteres fossam. Vale. Lugduni Batavorum. Cal. Octob. 111 12C XLV. EPSITOLA CXL. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Samasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Utri vestrum, Te Grotiumque intelligo, debeatur hujus sæculi principatus literarius; decernet ventura ætas: hæc enim iniquior, verum non videt & ad posteros satius est provocare. Interim audite viri docti de ejus annotatis in Epistolas Pauli & cætera Novi Foederis, quæ hic excuduntur, liberum, sed vereor ne nimis verum, judicium. Sacras paginas dum tractat Heinsius, imperitum se prodidit : Grotius vero ostendit se non esse Christianum; adeo Servatoris nostri Nomini ubique se profitetur infensissimum. Per cuniculos quidem, nec aperte grassatur, nec minus tamen malus est, infidus metuendus. Quid Salmasius ille, qui eadem molitur, facturus est, eadem explicabimus, ubi sua ediderit. Hæc ille. Venio ad Papissam. Quicquid de Papissa confidentius dicas, intricatissimum est omne istud negotium. Sederit illa nec ne, longior est disquisitio, nec unius epistolæ. Jam autem quæro tantum num Anastasi Bibliothecarii legitimus sit foetus Vita illa, quam ad te nuper transmisi. Ut eum censeam, præter jam allatas rationes, hæ suadent. Prima sit, quod tum temporis unico nomine Pontifices T aliosve
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EPISTLE. 145 EPISTLE CXXXIX. CL SALMASIUS to Claudio Sarravius. Lugdunum Batavorum. You shall have two letters from me this time. That little note will explain vestis de fundato. A vestis de fundato is a garment made in that pattern and gilded, in the way that hairnets were made, with which women’s heads were adorned. They are also called fundae, as the Greeks call them, because the slings with which stones were hurled were woven in that part on which the stone or pellet was placed, with a net-like texture. In garments, however, these, woven with gold or sewn in phrygionico work, intersected crosswise, like the meshes in nets. That work was called de fundato, that is, from funda. But funda, as I said, is understood to mean an ornament for a woman’s head, which among the Greeks was also called that: such ornaments were, as Pollux notes. Hence also in garments the golden threads, woven thus in net-like and funda-like fashion, received the name. Tibullus called them vias. ---- The garments which the woman of Cos Wove, arranged in golden paths. Virgil. --- and with fine gold had traced the paths. From funda comes fundatum, the same as funda. As from arena, arenatum; from fossa, fossatum. Indeed the more recent writers said fossatum, what the ancients called fossa. Farewell. Lugdunum Batavorum, the calends of October, 111 12C XLV. EPISTLE CXL. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudio Samasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Which of you two, by which I mean you and Grotius, is to have the leadership in letters in this age, future time will decide: for this age is more unjust; it does not see the truth, and it is better to appeal to posterity. Meanwhile, learned men, listen to my frank, but I fear all too true, judgment on his annotations on the Epistles of Paul and the rest of the New Testament, which are printed here. When Heinsius handles the sacred pages, he has shown himself to be inexperienced; Grotius, for his part, has shown that he is not a Christian; so openly does he declare himself everywhere most hostile to the Name of our Savior. By covert means indeed, not openly, he makes his attacks, but he is no less wicked for that, unfaithful, to be feared. What will that Salmasius do, who is attempting the same things? We shall explain the same matters when he has published his own work. That is what he says. I come to the Papissa. Whatever more confidently you may say about the Papissa, the whole matter is extremely intricate. Whether she sat or not, the inquiry is longer, and not for a single letter. For now I am asking only whether that Life, which I recently sent to you, is truly a genuine work of Anastasius the Librarian. That I should count it so, besides the reasons already given, these things persuade me. The first is that in that period, under a single name, the popes and other
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CL. SARRAVIUS Daventriam. Tanti non erat istud περεάδιον Observationum Petiti, ut de eo iterumque iterumque, etiam ex intervallo, esses sollicitus: adeoque diligenter minutissima quæque perscriberes. Uti nec opus erat invocare superos, ut fidem tuam apud me stabilires, cujus sanctitatem, verum dico, nunquam fuit animus in dubium revocare. Sunt ista nihili & quæso fuerint: credasque pervelim, me ex æquo animi tui absolutam generositatem, & consummatissimam eruditionem magni æstimare. Quod spectat Fabricium nostrum, quisei in videat tam prospera blandientis fortunæ initia? quanquam omnes istos honores & processus melius imputemus ejus dignissunis meritis, quam cæcæ illi Dex. Itascilicet παθοις αρμαλιοι κατι Σημωνίδην χεῖ λόφον ιγγειαδ[ι]ν. Cæterum gratulor ti- bi
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CL. SARRAVIUS Deventer. That little Observationes of Petitus was not so important that you should be anxious about it again and again, even after an interval; and so carefully transcribe every least thing. Nor was there any need to invoke the gods in order to confirm your good faith with me, whose sanctity, to speak the truth, I had never intended to call into doubt. These matters are nothing, and so let them be; and I should very much like you to believe that I value quite highly, with a mind equally appreciative, the unreserved generosity of your spirit and your consummate learning. As for our Fabricius, who would not see in him such prosperous beginnings of favoring fortune? Although we should rather attribute all those honors and promotions to his most deserving merits than to that blind Dex. It is thus: παθοις αρμαλιοι κατι Σημωνίδην χεῖ λόφον ιγγειαδ[ι]ν. Besides, I congratulate you
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EPISTOLAÆ. 147 bi de Livio tuo tandem ad optatum finem perducto. Eum jam aliquot dies verso, cum summa simul voluptate & fructu. Præcipuus tibi quamquam non solus scopus in textu emaculando: quod, si quid video, ita magnifice præstitisti, ut jam Livium legamus. Livium inquam, non autem inficetorum correctorum hariolationes: adeo penitissime omnem ejus, quæcumque illa sit, Patavinitatem imbibisti, & exhibuisti. Quis enim istius Historiæ Romanæ parentis pleniusunquam cognovit & penetravit sensus? quis sagacius phrasin odoratus est & indagavit? quis repertam felicius expressit? Æterno beneficio devinxisti omnes prorsus literatos, qui auctorem istum terent, cum nominis tui nunquam intermoritura gloria. Sed ego tibi plurimum debeo privatim, quod volueris nomen meum in nobilissimo opere legi. Fecit aliorum eruditio, ut in eo locum haberent: me veroab officioleviculo, magna nimis mercede pensato, commendare voluisti. Aliquando adest mihi Nicolaus Heinsius vir eruditus, cujus virtus multas habet quæ me ad se trahant. Fiet tamen ita crede, quæcunque poterit accessio a tua commendatione. Sed nihil omnino prohibet, quin cum impensius colam & utraque ansa, quod nolebas, accipiam. Eadem enim tecum pro eo rogat Salmasius, cui nosti quam sim obnoxius. Nihil est communius illo: adeo civiliter etiam odia exercet, ut juris titulum Ne Filius pro Patre apprime calleat. Ejus est itaque experiri quid possim: omnia enim ejus caussa, omniumque qui te amico apud me sejactabunt, volo & cupio. Vale. Lutetiæ Parisior. xxv. Octobris. c19 DC XLV. EPISTOLA CXLII. CL. SARRAVIUS Ludovico Balsacio. Balsacum. Cum primum allatus ad me est tuus ille elegantiarum venerumque plenus libellus, Balzaci Clarissime, incredibile vero dictu est, quam variis in animo repente mihi motus extiterint. Quod enim me tanto honore auctum volueras, id sane, uti debuit, gaudio mihi fuit perquam maximo. Quod autem tibi homo plane ignotus essem, non potui non summopere mirari, id mihi honoris a te tributum fuisse. Verum id quod res est suspicione videor attigisse. Videlicet in sermone, quem, ut fit, variis de rebus cum urbanissimo Morino habueris, de me quoque inciderit mentio; & quia mihi cum illo affinitas est, voluntatumque summa conjunctio, ita de me fortasse fuerit locutus Amplissimus Senator, ut necessitudini plus dederit, quam rerum veritati; malueritque de nobis amice sentire, quam ut tenuitas nostra postulabat. Id ni ita est, Vir clarissime, mihi haud dubie patrocinata fuerit notitia Claudii Salmasii Principis literarum, quem & amas & miraris ex æquo. Is autem cum me in interiorem amicorum cohortem jamdudum nescio qua virtutis fortasse significatione impulsus admiserit, facere noluisti ut me, quem is plurimum amat, negligeres. Utut sit, Balzaci Politissime, munus istud tuum T 2 mihi
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EPISTOLAE. 147 … about your Livy, at last brought to the desired end. I have been turning it over for some days now, with the greatest pleasure and profit at once. Your chief aim, though not the only one, in emending the text: and, unless I am much mistaken, you have so magnificently accomplished it that we now read Livy. Livy, I say, and not the drivel of incompetent correctors. So deeply indeed have you imbibed and displayed every last trace of his, whatever it may be, Paduan character. For who has ever more fully known and penetrated the mind of this father of Roman history? Who has more keenly scented out and explored his style? Who has more happily reproduced what he discovered? By your everlasting service you have bound to yourself absolutely all men of letters who read that author, together with the immortal glory of your name. But I owe you very much in private also, because you have wished my name to be read in that most noble work. Others’ learning has secured them a place in it; but me you have wished to commend away from a trifling duty, too richly rewarded. At times Nicolas Heinsius, a learned man, visits me, whose worth has many qualities that draw me to him. Yet believe me, whatever addition may come from your recommendation will still come. But nothing at all prevents my honoring him all the more, and receiving with both hands what you were unwilling for me to accept. For Salmasius likewise asks the same of you on his behalf, and you know how much I am indebted to him. No man is more common than he; so civilly does he even exercise enmities, that he thoroughly understands the legal title Ne Filius pro Patre. It is therefore his part to test what I can do: for his sake, and for the sake of all who shall boast that they are your friend with me, I wish and desire everything. Farewell. At Paris, October 25, 1645. EPISTOLA CXLII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Ludovicus Balsacius. Balsacum. As soon as your little book, full of elegant turns and graceful expressions, was brought to me, most illustrious Balzac, it is truly beyond belief how many different feelings at once arose in my mind. For that you had wished me to be honored so greatly was, as it should have been, a matter of the greatest joy to me. But that I, a man wholly unknown to you, should have been the recipient of such honor from you—I could not but be greatly astonished. Yet I seem to have touched upon the truth of the matter by conjecture. For in the conversation which you, as is customary, had with the most urbane Morin on various subjects, mention may also have fallen on me; and because I am related to him, and because our wills are most closely united, that most distinguished Senator may perhaps have spoken of me in such a way as to give more weight to relationship than to strict truth; and may have preferred to think kindly of us than our small worth would warrant. If this is not so, most illustrious Sir, then without doubt the acquaintance of Claudius Salmasius, prince of learning, whom you both love and admire equally, would have been my patron. Since he has long ago, I know not by what sign of merit, admitted me into the inner cohort of his friends, you were unwilling to neglect me, whom he esteems very highly. However that may be, most polished Balzac, that favor of yours to me
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mihi perpetuum . erit vel amicitia, quam mecum institutam voluisti: vel certe amoris, quo Salmasium, atque adeo omnes, quos ille suos fecit, complecteris. Cæterum quod tibi nihil munditarum illarum venustatumque, quas jam pridem tuo quodam jure proprias fecisti, hæc Epistola rependat pro donis istis tam lepidis, apud te non excusamus; Nam non hæc mihi vns; nec tibi talium Res est aut animus deliciarum egens; Sed aliud multo præstabilius pollicemur, magisque in agenda vita expetendum, fidem scilicet & sincerum colendæ amicitiæ studium: cui nullo unquam in loco deerimus; sed contra quovis officiorum genere, quæ quidem a tenuitate nostra proficisci queant, in dies magis magisque cumulabimus. Vale. Lutetiæ Parisior. v. Calend. Novemb. 15 C XLV. EPISTOLA CXLIII. A MONSIEUR SARRAV, Conseiller du Roy, en sa cour de Parlement. MONSIEUR, Vostre modestie m'est injurieuse, et en vous humiliant vous me mal- traittez. C'est en effet me traitter un peu trop de Provincial, que de chercher avec tant de raisonnement et tant de curiosité, les causes de nostre nouvelle connoissance. Quoy que je sois du village, je ne suis pas si mal informé, que je ne sçache quelque chose de temps en temps, et que je n'aye quelque communication avec le Monde. Pour le moins je puis estre instruit par la Renommée. Elle vole quelquefois jusques a nous. Elle apporte jusqu'icy les noms des Braves, des Sages et des Sçavans, que le Monde estime. Vous estes, Monsieur, un de ces Illustres, que je connois, sur le rapport de la voix publique, et par un tesmoignage qui ne flatte point. Et quand Monsieur de Morin ne vous seroit rien, et que vous ne seriez pas le grand confident du grand Monsieur de Saumaise, vous avez des parties essentiellement vostres, par lesquelles vous meritez bien d'estre regardé. Vostre vertu toute pure, et toute separée de l'autruy, sera tousjours un tres-digne objet de ma passion et de mes respects. Vous seul me pouvez fournir dequoy louër plus d'un Senateur, et faire plus d'un Eloge: Et vous trouvez encore estrange que je face cas de vous? Estre Prestre de la severe Themis, et ne laisser pas de sacrifier aux Graces, qui sont des Deesses moins austeres: Recevoir d'egales benedictions du Peuple Catholique et de la Nation Huguenotte: N'estre pas moins Grec, ny moins Romain, que François: Et pouvoir opiner dans l'Areopage et parmy les Peres Conscripts, avec la mesme facilité qu'en la Chambre de l'Edict: Tout cela, Monsieur, est-ce peu de chose dans la barbarie des derniers Siecles? Ne sont ce pas des qualitez, qui m'ont deu obliger à rechercher vostre amitié, et a vous faire un petit present, pour m'introduire dans la possession d'un tres-grand bien? Il n'est pas necessaire que je vous parle de mon
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For me it shall be perpetual, either the friendship which you were pleased to establish with me, or certainly the affection with which you embrace Salmasius, and indeed all those whom he has made his own. As for the fact that this Letter makes you no return for those graces and charms, which you have long since made your own by a certain right of yours, we do not excuse it in your case; for this is not for me alone; nor are you in need of such delights, either in matter or in mind; but we promise something else, much more valuable, and more to be desired in the conduct of life, namely fidelity and a sincere devotion to cultivated friendship: in this we shall never fail you in any place whatever; but on the contrary, by every kind of service that can indeed proceed from our slender means, we shall day by day increase it more and more. Farewell. At Paris, the 5th day before the Calends of November, 1645. EPISTLE CXLIII. TO MONSIEUR SARRAV, Counsellor to the King, in his Parliament. SIR, Your modesty is injurious to me, and in humbling yourself you mistreat me. Indeed, it is treating me a little too much like a provincial, to seek with so much reasoning and so much curiosity the causes of our new acquaintance. Though I am from the village, I am not so ill informed that I know nothing from time to time, and that I have no communication with the world. At the least I may be instructed by Rumor. She flies sometimes as far as us. She brings even here the names of the brave, the wise, and the learned, whom the world esteems. You are, Sir, one of those Illustrious men whom I know from the report of public voice, and from a testimony that flatters not. And though Monsieur de Morin were nothing to you, and though you were not the great confidant of the great Monsieur de Saumaise, you have qualities essentially your own, by which you well deserve to be regarded. Your virtue, wholly pure and wholly separate from that of others, shall always be a most worthy object of my affection and respect. You alone can furnish me with material to praise more than one Senator, and to make more than one Eulogy: and yet you find it strange that I make account of you? To be a Priest of severe Themis, and yet not cease to sacrifice to the Graces, who are less austere goddesses: To receive equal blessings from the Catholic people and from the Huguenot nation: To be no less Greek, nor less Roman, than French: And to be able to give opinion in the Areopagus and among the Conscript Fathers, with the same ease as in the Chamber of the Edict: all this, Sir, is it a small thing in the barbarity of the last centuries? Are they not qualities that ought to have obliged me to seek your friendship, and to make you a small present, in order to introduce myself into the possession of a very great good? It is not necessary that I speak to you of my
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EPISTOLÆ. 149 mon present en termes desavantagieux. Ie ne veux point en vous dé trompant, me priver du fruit que je recueille de vostre erreur. Ie vous diray seulement, sur le sujet de l'amitié que j'ay recherchée, qu'elle est il y a long-temps un de mes souhaits, & que je ne seray point possesseur injuste, si pour cela il suffit d'estre, comme je suis de toute mon ame, L[ett]re v. Novembre. CIC IXC XLV. MONSIEUR, Vostre, &c. Balzac. EPISTOLA CXLIV. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. NOn dissimulavi, quin immo disertis verbis apud te professus sum me ex Amyraldi penu deprompsisse ea, quæ de G.U. nuper scribebam. Quid ergo fraudis me insimulas, quasi sub alienis armis latenste in apertum campum elicere voluerim? Sed jam tibi mecum tantum res erit. Ille enim Salmurium rediit, & audebo sine ullis auxiliis pedem conferre. Concedis comparationem a me institutam, inter DEUM, quo gratiam suam omnibus, etiam reprobis, offert, & solem, qui omnibus itidem, etiam nolentibus aperire oculos, radios suos immittit, aliquo modo procedere, ut illa gratia, sicut & hæc radiorum effusio, dicatur universalis. At inquis, si Sol aliorum oculos illustraret, aliorum vero occæcaret, an dici posset cum Solem lucere omnibus, aut lucem suam velle universis datam, cum multis eam negaret? Facilis est responsio. An ergo DEUS ullum occæcat, ut possit tua comparatio paria facere, cum illo sole, quem statuis ex hypothesi, multos visu privare? Nemo hoc dixerit. Qui pereunt, suo fato, vel potius suo facto, pereunt. Perditio tua ex te, Israel. Nec absolutum Reprobationis decretum ullo modo cogit impios, quin liberrime in exitium suum ruant. Ergo procedit omniuo a me allata comparatio, nec, ut ajunt in scholis, instantia a te allata quicquam turbat. Sed hæc omitto, quæ magnificentius aliquando magistri artis enarrabunt. Apparatus tuus visus est brevior, quam pro chartarum mole existimassem: adeo delectatus sum ejus lectione. Sensim sine sensu me ad finem devenisse vidi & dolui. Magisque doluissem, nisi alia superfuissent, ex quibus non minorem voluptatem expectabam. Opus integrum tandem devoravi. Meam laudem non expetis, quam me nimis libenter, nimisque facile impendere sæpius exprobrasti. Sed mori meo, vel si vis amori, indulgere libet, tantum ut dicam, te nobilissimum argumentum magna cum eruditione, solertia & generositate esse exequutum. Si pergas istis machinis Urbem concutere, brevi RUET ALTO A CULMINE ROMA. Non potui parcius, quam uno hemistichio, laudem tuam absolvere. Omnem movet lapidem Petavius, ut aliquod exemplar nanciscatur. Illi omnia displacebunt & plurima arrodet. Ausimne ego istius Veneris carpere scandalium? Non T3 pla-
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EPISTLES. 149 my present in disadvantageous terms. I do not wish, by deceiving you, to deprive myself of the fruit I gather from your mistake. I will tell you only, on the subject of the friendship I have sought, that it has long been one of my wishes, and that I shall not be an unjust possessor, if for that it is enough to be, as I am with all my soul, Letter v. November. CIC IXC XLV. SIR, Yours, etc. Balzac. EPISTOLA CXLIV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. I have not concealed, but indeed have expressly declared to you, that I had drawn from Amyrald's store the things which I recently wrote about G.U. Why then do you accuse me of fraud, as though I had wished, while lying hidden under another's arms, to draw him out into the open field? But now the matter will be only between you and me. For he has returned to Saumur, and I shall dare to join battle without any aids. You grant that the comparison I established, between GOD, who offers His grace to all, even to the reprobate, and the sun, which likewise sends its rays upon all, even those unwilling to open their eyes, somehow goes forward, so that that grace, just as this outpouring of rays, may be called universal. But you ask, if the sun were to enlighten some men's eyes, but blind others, could it be said that the sun shines for all, or that it wishes its light to be given to all, when it denies it to many? The answer is easy. Does GOD then blind anyone, so that your comparison may make equal terms with that sun which you posit, on your hypothesis, as depriving many of sight? No one would say this. Those who perish do so by their own fate, or rather by their own deed. Your destruction is from yourself, O Israel. Nor does the absolute decree of Reprobation in any way compel the wicked, so that they should not most freely rush into their own ruin. Therefore the comparison I brought forward proceeds altogether from my side, and what they call in the schools the objection you brought forward does not in the least disturb it. But I omit these matters, which the masters of the art will one day explain more magnificently. Your work seemed shorter than I should have judged from the mass of papers: so delighted was I by reading it. Little by little, without noticing it, I saw myself brought to the end, and I was sorry. And I should have been more sorry, had there not remained other parts from which I expected no less pleasure. At last I devoured the entire work. You do not seek my praise, which you have often reproached me for being too ready and too easy to bestow. But I am pleased to indulge my taste, or, if you prefer, my affection, so far as to say that you have carried out this most noble subject with great learning, skill, and generosity. If you continue to shake the City with these engines, soon ROME WILL FALL FROM ITS HIGH SUMMIT. I could not praise you more sparingly than with a single hemistich. Petavius is moving every stone to obtain some copy. Everything will displease him, and he will nibble away at many things. Shall I dare to pick at the scandal of that Venus? No T3 pla-
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CL S A R A V I I placet quod ea in Apparatu culpes, quæ in ipso opere laudas. De Ignatianis Epistolis intelligo, quas in Apparatu, qui prior legitur, merito me voluas revincis, & tamen earum auctoritate postea sæpiuscula uteris, quasi essent legitimæ, nec titulus auctorem mentiretur. Saltem de ista tua sententiæ mutatione aliquid significasses. In Apparatu optime dicis Cypriani locum legi debere negativa inducta, quam tamen postea videre est in ipso opere. Quia ex intervallo & vicibus repetitis opus istud resumpsisti, hinc ista tecum discordia. Sed hæc leviasunt & desino molestus esse. Vale. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. IV. Novembris CIC IC XLV. Dudum jussisti, ut, si quæ apud me adhuc essent exemplaria polemicorum novissimorum tuorum, unum ex unoquoque ad Grave- rium mitterem Divionem: quod facere non potui. Unicum enim quod super- rat donavi doctissimo viro tuique studiosissimo Jo. Priceo, ut eum placarem aliquo modo conquerentem, quod in Miscellis Defensionibus contemptim 2 te esset habitus. Sed ille tuus popularis uno Primatu donabitur. E P I S T O L A CXLV. ECCELLENTISSIMA SIGNORA, Per sodiffare a quel tanto ch'io devo a V S. Ecc. ardisco di salutarla con queste poche righe per assicuarla, ch'io mi ricordarò sempre mai del oblige ch'io tengo di riverire e servire V S. E. Non haurei tantobadato di darle testimonian- za di questa mia gratitudine: senza che il Sre. della Rocca m'havea promesso di non scrivere a V S. E. senza darmene auviso. Di modo che fidandomi nella sua parola, ho lasciato trascorrere assai tempo senza darle conto di fatti miej. Adesso vedendo che V S. E. gradisce l'importunità di voler leggere qualche volto alcuna delle mie lettere, non mancarò di darle parrecchie volte quel fastidio: sichio temo che V. S. E. mi commandara di ritornare alla primamiataciturnità. Hora dirolle solamente che di poi la sua dipartita ho fatto un acquisto misere- vole d'una patrona d'importanza. Ella sichiamala Signora PODAGRA, la quale descendendo fin a piedi miei mi tiene fedelissima compagnia. Per la prima volta albergò in casa mia intorno a quattro mesi, con tanta crudelità, che non mi diede fra tanto tempo licenza d'uscire solamente una volta della ca- mera. Adesso ne sono ne qualche modo libero se non ch'io sono zoppicante. Ne cavo tuttavia questa utilità che caminando io vado con maggior gravità ch'innanzi sentendo l'ardor mio attemperato. Con tutto cio La moglie non lascia di trovarsi pregna: e dicono li medici che lo stesso humore che fa la gotta fa ancora figlivoli. V S. E. mi perdonera di questo mio cianciare, e per non darle maggior noia finiro bacciandole humilissimamente le mani: e con licenza sua ancora all' E. Sr. Ambasciatore: essendo d'ambè due le Eccelenze loro Humilissimo e devotissimo, &c. EPI-
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CL S A R A V I I it pleases you that you blame in the Apparatus those things which you praise in the work itself. I understand about the Ignatian Epistles, which in the Apparatus, which is read first, you rightly refute me; and yet afterward you make use of their authority more than once, as if they were genuine, and as if the title did not lie about the author. At least you should have indicated something about this change in your opinion. In the Apparatus you say very well that Cyprian’s passage ought to be read with the negative introduced, which nevertheless afterward is to be seen in the work itself. Because you took up this work again at intervals and repeatedly, there is that disagreement within you. But these things are trifles, and I stop being troublesome. Farewell. Paris. IV. November 1645. You long ago ordered that, if any of your latest polemical works were still with me, I should send one copy of each to Grave- rius at Dijon: which I could not do. For the only one that remains I have given to the most learned man and your most devoted admirer, Jo. Price, in order somehow to placate him, since he complained that in the Miscellaneous Defenses he had been treated contemptuously. 2 But that compatriot of yours shall be endowed with the First Primacy. E P I S T L E CXLV. MOST EXCELLENT LADY, To make up for so much as I owe to Your Excellency, I venture to greet you with these few lines, to assure you that I shall always remember the obligation I have to revere and serve Your Excellency. I should not have given so much thought to providing testimony of this gratitude of mine, had not Signor della Rocca promised me not to write to Your Excellency without giving me notice. Thus, trusting in his word, I have let a great deal of time pass without giving you an account of my affairs. Now, seeing that Your Excellency is pleased to indulge the importunity of wishing to read, from time to time, one of my letters, I shall not fail to give you that annoyance several times: so that I fear Your Excellency will command me to return to my former silence. Now I will tell you only that since your departure I have made a miserable acquisition of an important mistress. She calls herself Lady PODAGRA, who, descending all the way to my feet, keeps me in very faithful company. The first time she lodged in my house was for about four months, with such cruelty that in all that time she granted me leave to leave the room only once. Now I am in some way free of her, except that I am limping. Nevertheless I draw this advantage from it: in walking I go with greater gravity than before, feeling my ardor moderated. All the same, my wife does not fail to be pregnant: and the physicians say that the same humor that causes gout also causes children. Your Excellency will pardon me for this chatter of mine, and so as not to give you greater annoyance I shall finish by humbly kissing your hands; and with your leave also those of the Ambassador, since of both excellencies, theirs, Most humble and devoted, etc. EPI-
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EPISTOLA. 151 EPISTOLA CXLVI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. DE Papissa, mirarer te eam deperire, hac ipsa tempestate, qua Papam in- festis signis prosequeris, nisi scirem ab uno fonte diversum istum affectum provenire. At noli credere me omnia argumenta exhaustisse, quibus evince- rem eam nunquam fuisse. Hoc enim tantum volui & statim professus sum, Anastasium non esse auctorem istius narrationis, quæ in codice Regio habetur. Certe quod lacera sint hoc ipso loco exemplaria, quæ in multis bibliothecis extant, malum factum. Non enim dubitare licet, quin idem plane scriptum fuerit in illis, quod in regio. Amplius dicam, certum esse id non casu processisse, sed dolo malo esse patratum ab auctoritatis Pontificiæ patronis quidem, sed historiæ & verarum Papalium defensionum, ita credo, ignarissimis. Sed sit ita, Anastasium au- ctorem esse illius historiolæ quam ad te misi, quicquid obnitaris, nihil ille affir- mat. Quicunque enim hæc verba suæ narrationi inserit, ut asseritur, ut fer- tur, dubitanter loquitur, nec vult sibi credi [mercur]ia [aurum] ; quin alia innuit quærenda esse testimonia, quibus rei existentia certò statuatur. At non fuit forsan Anastasius Romæ quando illa peperit? Non fuerit. An historici eat tan- tum certa fide litteris mandant, quibus interfuerunt? Profecto id si facerent, sæpius maneas & mutilas, præstantissimis suis partibus, historias haberemus: vel plures semper conjungendi essent historici, ut quo alius careret, ab aliosu- meremus. Sed nunquid potuit certior fieri de eventu nobilissimo ex rela- tione civium Romanorum, ut necesse non esset narrationis suæ veritatem istis ruinosis tibicinibus fulcire? Quod scribis te meas litteras in tuis re- ponere, id tuo erga me amori debeo. Non sunt enim tanti, ut servari me- reantur. Vale. Lut. Parisior. xi. Novemb. c15 de XLV. EPISTOLA CXLVII. CL. SARRAVIUS Henrico Vale. Lutetiam. PLurimum debere me tibi agnosco, & libentissime profiteor, suavissime Valesi, pro illatua epistola, quam mihi reddidit amicissimus & doctissimus Menagius nolter. Scilicet præclaram & cuivis non obviam super Origenis dif- ficillimo loco observationem non contentus indicasse, eam etiam novis testi- moniis firmare & illustrare voluisti. Atqui tanti certe fuit apud me auctoritas tua, ut vel solitaria sese statim mihi probaverit. Non ingrata fuit tamen illa tua sollicitudo, qua, ex aliorum præstantissimorum magistrorum scitis, eximiam & quantivis pretii emendationem voluisti in aperta luce collocare. Pauci sane, omnino pauci, ita veteres legunt & in eos requirunt, ut sensus adeo reconditos ex
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EPISTLE. 151 EPISTLE CXLVI. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. As for the Papess, I should wonder that you are so greatly distressed by her, at this very time when you are pursuing the Pope with hostile signs, if I did not know that this different feeling arises from one and the same source. But do not think that I have exhausted all the arguments by which I could prove that she never existed. For this alone I intended, and have at once declared, that Anastasius is not the author of that narrative which is found in the Royal codex. Certainly, that the copies which exist in many libraries are mutilated in this very place was a bad deed. For it cannot be doubted that in them the very same passage was written as in the Royal copy. I will say more: it is certain that this was not brought about by chance, but was deliberately done, indeed by deceit, by the defenders of papal authority, who were, I believe, utterly ignorant both of history and of the true defenses of the papacy. But be it so: that Anastasius is the author of that little story which I sent to you—whatever you may oppose, he himself affirms nothing. For whoever inserts these words into his narrative, “as is asserted,” “as is reported,” speaks doubtfully, and does not wish himself to be believed [mercur]ia [aurum]; rather he indicates that other testimonies must be sought, by which the existence of the matter may be certainly established. But was Anastasius perhaps not at Rome when that woman gave birth? He was not. And do historians commit to writing only those things of which they have certain knowledge because they were present? Surely if they did so, we should more often have histories incomplete and mutilated in their most excellent parts; or else several historians would always have to be combined, so that what one lacked we might take from another. But could he not have learned of so famous an event from the report of Roman citizens, so that it was not necessary to support the truth of his narrative with those ruinous timbers? What you write, that you place my letters among yours, I owe to your affection toward me. For they are not of such value as to deserve preservation. Farewell. Paris, 11 November, 1645. EPISTLE CXLVII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Henry Valesius. Paris. I acknowledge that I owe you a great deal, and I gladly confess it, most sweet Valesius, for your letter, which my dearest and most learned Menagius delivered to me. Indeed, not content merely to point out a splendid observation on a very difficult passage in Origen, one not commonly encountered by anyone, you also wished to confirm and illuminate it with new testimonies. And certainly your authority was of such weight with me that it would have approved itself to me at once, even standing alone. Yet that concern of yours was not unwelcome, by which, from the learning of other most eminent scholars, you wished to place in clear light an excellent and highly valuable emendation. Few indeed, very few, read the ancients in this way and examine them so closely, that such deeply hidden senses arise from...
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CL. S A R R A V I I ex illis eruant. O beatas illas horas, quas nudiustertius tecum & cum tam natura, quam sublimi doctrina vere germano tuo Hadriano, præsentibus quoquo Me- nagio & Heinsio juniore, transigere mihi contigit. Has quoties mente revolvo, summa votorum meorum est, ut Proveniant multi sic mihi sæpe dies. Non possum autem non laudare alteram tuam in Philostrato correctionem, qua de Apsine loquens, optat ut ille, qui tunc erat, diu etiam superesset i si n ij iij. Sed non solis Græcis familiaris est hic loquendi modus: nam aliæ quoque gentes ut bona quibus fruuntur æterna sibi perennent, precantur. Ovid. lib. 1. Trist. Eleg. 10. Est mihi, sitque precor, flava tutela Minerva Navis, &c. Plautus Aulularia III. 6. Immo est, & Dii faciant uti siet diu. Perge, Vir magne, literis interioribus te involvere; & magna apud omnes gloria æternum erit Valesii nomen. Vale Lut. Par. XIII. Novemb. CIC 13C XLV. E P I S T O L A CXLVIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Iacobo Candalio. Fontinalia. Nihil dudum gratius & inopinatius accidit mihi, quam accipere a te litteras, Ciceronis lingua & stylo scriptas. Te enim, quem ante satis multos annos abjecisse omnem istius studii curam existimaveram, adeo pure, adeoque eleganter, posse familiariter & civiliter isto sermone garrire, dignum est non mediocri laude. Certe diu deliberavi an auderem eadem lingua tibi respondere. Deterrebar quippe orationis tuæ nitore, verborum proprietate & sententiarum gravitate. Ausus sum tamen, humanitate tua non vulgari fretus, qua benigne mecum agere assuetus, comibus oculis me aspicies. Ego quoque narrabo tibi quomodo mihi pericrit omne rerum prolatarum tempus. Statim me invasit acerrima podagra, quæ plures dies me lecto decumbere jussit. Volens nolens morem gessi. Quid enim fecissem? Imperiosa est illa Domina, nec ei impune non paretur. Tandem melior me DEUS respexit & isto tormento liberatus, liberius per urbem, cui frustra omnia vestra rura cum dulcibus suis pomis, castaneisque si vis mollibus & pressi lactis copia opponeres, sum divagatus. Adfuit interea priuatim mihi, sæpiuscule, incomparabilis Amyraldus, cujus ab ore μελιτον ομικῶν άνδρον. Bispublice de cathedra, cum summosacri coetus plausu, cum dicentem audivimus, abstrusos sacræ scripturæ cum erueret sensus. Eo ad suos reverso, istius absentiæ dolorem leniit, non ingrata lectio libri, quem, diutius expectatum, tandem a Salmasio meo accepi. Argumentum si quæris, Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ caput & fundum esse si dixero, verum dixero. Scilicet de Primatu summi Romanensium Hierophantæ, quem Vir Magnus in ordinem cogit, docetque frustra hominem illum peccati superbius cornua sua attollere, quæ satis strictim ei accidit. Has inter delicias pudet referre Polonorum Legatorum ingressum pompaticum, qui, novitate & magnificentia suarum vestium totiulque regii apparatus, non insuave fuere spectaculum. Serenissimam Reginam in Sarmaticum regnum suum abiturientem salu-
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CL. SARRAVIUS from those things may they be rescued. O blessed hours, which the day before yesterday I had the good fortune to spend with you and with your truly German brother Hadrian, both by nature and by most sublime learning, in the presence as well of Menagius and the younger Heinsius. Whenever I turn these over in my mind, the sum of my wishes is that many such days may often come to pass for me. I cannot, moreover, fail to praise your other correction in Philostratus, where, speaking of Apsines, he wishes that the man who then was might also survive for a long time. But this manner of speaking is not familiar to the Greeks alone; for other peoples too pray that the good things they enjoy may remain theirs forever. Ovid, book 1 of the Tristia, elegy 10: “There is with me, and may there be, I pray, the blond Minerva as guardian of my ship,” etc. Plautus, Aulularia III. 6: “Yes, it is so, and may the gods grant that it may be so long.” Go on, great man, to immerse yourself in inward learning; and Valesius’ name will have everlasting glory among all men. Farewell, Paris, Nov. 13, 1645. EPISTLE CXLVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Jacobus Candalus. Fontinalia. Nothing has lately happened to me more pleasant and more unexpected than to receive letters from you, written in the language and style of Cicero. For you, whom I had supposed many years ago to have cast aside all concern for that study, to be able so purely and so elegantly to chatter familiarly and civilly in that speech is worthy of no slight praise. Indeed I deliberated long whether I should dare to reply to you in the same language. I was held back, namely, by the polish of your discourse, the propriety of your words, and the weight of your thoughts. Yet I have dared, relying on your uncommon kindness, with which you are accustomed to deal kindly with me; you will look upon me with kindly eyes. I too shall tell you how all the time that has been spent has fared for me. Straightway the fiercest gout attacked me, which ordered me to lie in bed for several days. Willing or unwilling, I complied. For what should I have done? That mistress is imperious, and it does not go unpunished not to obey her. At last a better God looked upon me, and freed from that torment, I wandered more freely through the city, against which in vain you might set all your countryside, with its sweet fruits, chestnuts, if you will, soft as they are, and abundance of pressed milk. Meanwhile, privately, very often, the incomparable Amyraldus visited me, from whose mouth flow mellifluous words. Twice publicly from the chair, with the applause of the highest sacred assembly, we heard him speaking when he was drawing out the hidden senses of Holy Scripture. After he had returned to his own people, the grief of that absence was eased by the not unwelcome reading of the book which, after long expectation, I finally received from my Salmasius. If you ask what its subject is, if I say that it is the head and foundation of Ecclesiastical History, I shall have spoken truly. Of course it treats of the primacy of the supreme Roman hierophant, whom the great man reduces to order, and teaches that in vain does that man of sin more proudly raise up his horns, which he has dealt with quite briefly enough. Among these delights I am ashamed to mention the pompous entrance of the Polish envoys, which, through the novelty and magnificence of their clothing and the whole royal display, was no unpleasant spectacle. The Most Serene Queen, departing for her Sarmatian kingdom, sa-
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EPISTOLA. 133 salutavit Ordo noster Amplissimus, totus purpuratus: ego quoque, isto habitu debita exhibui officia libentissime. Sed cheu! quod præcipuum fuit mihi gaudium, nec in hunc locum rejici oportebat, poene omisi. Paulo post discessum vestrum huc migravit dilectissimus avunculus noster Launæus vir præstantissimus, quicum serios juvat habere sermones, quibus miseræ hujus vitæ æruinnæ detergentur. Iam in forensi piltrinum me dedo; & post binos, quos Edictali auditorio annos impendi, ut ajunt, criminibus puniendis Cameræ Quintæ restituendus. Præterita, præsentia, & futura Calchantis in modum plenissime tibi enarravi. Superest ut me tibi, optimisque parentibus nostris, ac formosis quæ vobis adsunt puellis, cum animi devoti obsequio commendem. Quod facio intime. Vale. Lutetiæ Paris. XIV. Novemb. 1313 CXLV. EPISTOLA CXLIX. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Bataverum. CRedas pervelim nihil habere commune Gratiam Universalem cum amicitia nostra. De illa disputent incomparabiles Theologi: de hac quæso inter nos bene conveniat. Ut enim hæc ab illa pendeat, quicquid dixeris, nunquam fuit mens mea. Factam istic rerum mutationem, quæ etiam consiliorum tuorum ordinem turbaverit, divinare non potui. At debuisse me, dices, studiosius ista de re inquirere prius, quam te damnarem. Quid si credidi promissorum tuorum fidem nullo casu variabilem, an te ulla injuria affeci? Verbum, quod tibi adeo displicuit, non sine præfatione usurpavi: nec præterea semper habet significationem adeo immanem & crudelem, ut statim de summa &c horribili aliqua acerbitate cogitandum sit. Nimiam, ut videbatur, austeritatem animumque rigidiorem designare tantum volui. Si verbo minus proprio me explicui; credo non esse id crimen majoris abollæ, propter quod aut tu adeo graviter mihi succensere debueris, aut me ignavius tibi supplicare operteat. Cæterum sedulo dabo operam ne aliquid hujusmodi contingat: neque enim gratiam universalem, vel istas tuas præfationes unquam attingam; idque sancte polliceor & præstabo religiose. Si in istis meam comprimam, poteris in aliis me ferre, ita arbitror, a te dissentientem: sicuti ego quoque non exigam, ut mihi in quibuslibet consentias. His conditionibus existimo diu posse stare amicitiam nostram. Si alias addere vis, nec repugnabo. Unum addo; potuisse te credere nihil mea interesse, an ulli inscriberes opus tuum, nec ne: unde, quicquid dixissem, amori meo erga te tuosque fuisset adscribendum. Triginta exemplaria repræsentavit Elzevirius, quæ distributa sunt amicis tuis, juxta adjunctum hisce literis indiculum. Aliquot supersunt, ut vides, de quibus fiet uti decreveris. Indica quæso Lucianilocum, in quotres negativæ habentur. De libris B. R. istuc deferendis, non recedo a priori mea sententia, quæ omnino tutissima. Tibi gratificari libenter volent, sed nescio an
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EPISTLE 133 Our Most Distinguished Order greeted you, all in purple; I too, in that attire, very willingly rendered the duties owing. But alas! what was my chief joy, and should not have been omitted from this place, I almost forgot. A little after your departure, our dearest uncle Launeus, a most excellent man, moved here, with whom it is pleasant to have serious conversations, by which the miseries of this wretched life are wiped away. Now I am devoting myself to the forum’s grind; and after the two years I have spent, as they say, in the Edictal audience, I am to be restored to the Fifth Chamber for the punishment of crimes. I have related to you most fully, in the manner of Calchantis, the past, present, and future. It remains that I commend myself to you, to our best parents, and to the beautiful young women who are with you, with devoted obedience of spirit. This I do from the heart. Farewell. Paris, November 14, 1313. CXLV. EPISTLE CXLIX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden in Batavia. I should very much like you to believe that Universal Grace has nothing in common with our friendship. Let incomparable theologians dispute about that; as for this, I beg that it may go well between us. For that this depends on the former, whatever you may say, was never my intention. I could not have divined the change in affairs there, which even disturbed the order of your plans. But, you will say, I ought to have inquired more carefully into that matter before condemning you. What if I believed the faith of your promises to be variable under no circumstance at all—did I do you any wrong? The word that displeased you so much I did not use without a preface; nor does it always bear so monstrous and cruel a meaning that one must at once think of some utmost and horrible bitterness, etc. I meant only to indicate an excessive severity and a somewhat harsher temper. If I expressed myself with a less proper word, I believe that is not a crime of the greater cloak, for which either you ought to have been so gravely angry with me, or I should have had to beg you more cringingly for pardon. However, I shall diligently take care that nothing of this sort happens; for I shall never touch universal grace, or those prefaces of yours; and I solemnly promise and will religiously perform this. If I restrain my own part in those matters, you can, I think, bear with me dissenting from you in other things; just as I too shall not insist that you agree with me in all matters. On these conditions I think our friendship can stand for a long time. If you wish to add others, I shall not resist. I add one thing: you could have believed that it made no difference to me whether you inscribed your work to anyone or not; whence, whatever I had said, would have had to be attributed to my affection for you and yours. Elzevirius has produced thirty copies, which have been distributed among your friends, according to the list enclosed with these letters. A few remain, as you see, of which use will be made as you decide. Please indicate the Lucian passage, in how many instances the negatives occur. As for the books of B. R. being conveyed there, I do not depart from my earlier opinion, which is entirely the safest. They will gladly be willing to oblige you, but I do not know whether...
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CL. S A R R A V I I an ullo conscio. Si tamen existimes posse id a me impetrari, velisque me experiri quantum apud eos possim, nihil recusabo, & post tuas, quas exspecto, proximas literas, statim cognoscam quid inde sperandum sit. Uxoris tuæ profectio differtur propter morbum filiolæ, non sine periculo ex febre ægrotantis. Sarracenus nihil desperat. Illa tamen, quæ tot sibi eripi vidit, & hanc jam pro conclamata habet. Deus meliora Tibi tuisque omnibus. Vale Lutetiæ Parisior. XXVII. Novemb. CICIXC XLV. EPISTOLA CL. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Ego vero, quanquam æger & decumbens, non dubitavi an rescriberem; quin hanc necessitatem vidi mihi a te impositam novissimis tuis. Nihil sanc unquam inopinatius accidit mihi, quam videre te ita paratum ad amicitiam nostram, quam trabalibus & adamantinis clavis compactam arbitrar, dissolvendam. Scilicet, non placet tibi libertas, qua soleo tecum de rebus scriptisve tuis agere. Monitus cautius agam imposterum. Nonnullastuas voces durius sum interpretatus, quam id fieri debere, ex tua mente, credidisti. Atqui idem quoque tibi nuper in meis acciderat. Hanc itaque veniam possumus vicissim dare & petere. Possum ferre acrius increpantem: si non fero & malo ulcisci, modo fiat cum moderamine inculpatæ tutelæ, nihil est propter quod durus, dirus & non amplius amicus credar. Ego autem, Jucundissime Salmasi, amicitiam tuam inter præcipua mea putare soleo: quibus possum officiis, cultu & observantia, æternam mihi efficere conor. Si hactenus imprudentius te lacessivi, credo facile tibi esse, ut erga hostes esse immitiorem, ita erga amicum esse paulo humaniorem. At si fontes iræ tuæ repetas, eam videbis ab amore summo erga te meo desluxisse. Arbitratus sum debuisse te Primum tuum viris de te bene meritis inscribere. Quid mea interest, nisi ut illi quoque sint erga te bene affecti. Præponere te volui Viro Magno. Non hæc mea est, sed tua magna gloria. Quod ergo crimen meum? Salmasium amo impensius & contra omnes cruditi sæculi viros magnos. Hoc profecto crimen sit apud Loyolitas. Si idcirco apud te excidere gratia mercor, veniam non deprecor, & poenam quamlibet statuas acerbam alacri animo subibo, modo elogium addideris. Incomptam meam præpriuæ facile coercebo. Possum enim ego quoque gratiosè loqui, & ea quæ mihi minus placent dissimulare & silentio involvere. At hoc postremum si facerem, vitio carere me non arbitrarer. Faciam tamen si jusseris, & quocunque libuerit modo, amabo ego te vel volentem vel nolentem. Nec amicus noster publicus est librorum censor: nec ego tales delegandi potestatem habeo: nec semper censuræ istæ vitia arguunt scriptionis, quæ examinanda proponitur; quin sæpius laudes & honorifica testimonia continent, ut videbis in adjunctis Censoris a me designati litteris. Sed desinamus
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from an unsuspecting person. If, however, you think that it may be obtained from me, and wish me to try how much I can do with them, I shall refuse nothing, and after your next letters, which I am expecting, I shall immediately learn what may be hoped for from that quarter. Your wife's departure is delayed because of the illness of the little girl, not without danger from the fever of the sick child. Sarracenus has not given up hope. Yet that woman, who has already seen so much taken from her, now counts this one as lost as well. God grant better things to you and all yours. Farewell. Paris, 27 November 1645. LETTER CL. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugudunum Batavorum. Indeed, though I am ill and lying down, I did not hesitate whether I should reply; rather, I saw that this necessity had been imposed on me by you in your last letter. Never in my life has anything happened to me more unexpectedly than to see you so ready to break off our friendship, which I thought was bound together with iron and adamantine clasps. Clearly, you do not like the freedom with which I am accustomed to deal with you about matters of writing and of your writings. I have been warned, and I shall act more cautiously hereafter. I have sometimes interpreted some of your words more harshly than, according to your intention, you believed they should be taken. Yet the same thing has also recently happened to you in my case. Thus we can in turn both grant and ask forgiveness. I can endure a sharper rebuke; if I do not endure it and prefer to take revenge, provided it be done with the moderation of blameless self-defense, there is no reason why I should be thought harsh, dreadful, and no longer a friend. But I, dearest Salmasius, always count your friendship among my chief possessions; by every service I can, by respect and attentiveness, I try to make it eternal for me. If up to now I have annoyed you somewhat too indiscreetly, I believe it is easy for you, just as you are harsher toward enemies, to be a little more humane toward a friend. But if you trace back the sources of your anger, you will see that it has flowed from my great love toward you. I thought that you ought to dedicate your First Book to men who had deserved well of you. What is that to me, except that they too may be well disposed toward you? I wanted to place you before the Great Man. This is not my great glory, but yours. What, then, is my crime? I love Salmasius more fervently than all the great men of the learned age. This, certainly, would be a crime among the Loyolaists. If for that reason I deserve to forfeit your favor, I do not beg for pardon, and whatever harsh punishment you may decree, I shall bear it with a cheerful spirit, provided you add the dedication. I shall easily curb my own lack of polish. I too can speak courteously, and disguise and bury in silence the things that please me less. But if I were to do that, I should not think myself free from fault. Nevertheless I shall do it if you order me, and in whatever way you please, I shall love you, whether willing or unwilling. Nor is our friend a public censor of books; nor do I have the authority to appoint such censors; nor do those censures always point out faults in the writing that is submitted for examination; on the contrary, they very often contain praises and honorable testimonies, as you will see in the letters of the censor I have designated and attached. But let us stop.
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EPISTOLÆ. 155 mus litteras questibus implere. Immo quidni aliquando dulce queramur? Amicorum, ut amantium, iræ, amoris redintegratio est. Vale. Lutetiæ Parisior. Calend. Decemb. 15 13c XLV. EPISTOLA CLI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Bene est mihi quod consilium de libris. B. R. istuc asportandis prorsus deponas: vix enim id perficere potuissem. Respondit enim Puteanus junior se de eare cum fratre deliberasse, qui negat id esse suæ auctoritatis ut ejusmodi theauros suæ creditos fidei extra regnum & trans mare deferendos cuiquam tradat: nec hoc esse custodis munus. Sed fieri tamen posse volente Bibliothecario, qui jam est Amplissimus Bignonius, ad quem preces nostræ allegandæ essent. Ita olim in eadem caussa usurpatum Calauboni, qui consentiente Præside Thuano, tum temporis Bibliothecario, ad Scaligerum misit Theophanem Lugdunum Batavorum. Ut autem Bignonius, qui natura sua licet benignus, tamen est subtimidior, unquam sivisset hæc Gallia quacunque de causa exire, vix est ut obtineri potuisset. Certum tamen erat, cum machinis non inanibus aggredi, nisi vetuisses id amplius cogitare. Hoc itaque saxum volvere jam desinam. Succedet forsan alias felicius, ubi præsertim desævierit illa tempestas, quam adversus Primatum tuum excitare satagit conventus, qui hic jam habetur, Cleri Gallicani. Actum de Regno, actum de Sacerdotio clamitant Præsules, si impune liceat Episcopalem ordinem istis verbis proscribere; non argumentis, non libris contrariis, sed ferro & flamma tantam væsaniam esse compescendam. Has quercelas ad Reginam, ad Eminentissimum Cardinalem detulere, qui amplius deliberandum esse responderunt. Mazarinustamen dicit eo severius tantum crimen esse vindicandum, quod jam Galliæ minus bene conveniat cum Romano Hierarcha. Itaque de tuo capite habentur comitia, & verendum est ne misellus Apparatus (ipsum enim Tractatum parum urgent) insoelix victima cædatur iratis Vaticani incolis. Non desunt tamen, sed clancialii, sufflaminatores istarum querelarum. Quid ad nos, inquiunt, quid homo hæreticus in terra hæretica credat scribatve de sanctissimæ nostræ Hierarchiæ mysteriis? Adversariis scriptis ejus rationes confutabimus, & suam Anarchiam ei exprobrabimus. Si enim invocato, ut ajunt, brachio sæculari damnetur hæc scriptio hominis peregrini, eadem ratione in libros nostros exteri communionis heterodoxæ Principes sævient, nec hujusmodi suppliciorum ullus erit finis: saltem nullus fructus, nisi ut animi hinc inde immitius exacerbentur. Satius itaque esse hæc insuper habere, & juxta Apostolum judicium summo, judici permittere. ἰδ μαλ ἐν τὰς ἐγω πεινεν; ὑπι τὰς ἐσω πεινετε υμεῖς, τὰς ἐγω ὑ Θεὸς πεινεν. Quid statuturi sunt videbimus. Antequam quicquam de migratione transmarina decernas, ausim te suppliciter rogare utsedulo V 2 rele-
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EPISTLES. 155 must fill letters with complaints. Nay, why should we not sometimes complain sweetly? The quarrels of friends, like those of lovers, are a renewal of love. Farewell. At Paris. Dec. Calends. 15 13c XLV. EPISTLE CLI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leyden. It is good for me that you entirely put aside the plan about taking the books of B. R. over there: for I could scarcely have brought that about. For the younger Puteanus replied that he had discussed the matter with his brother, who denies that it is within his authority to hand over to anyone such treasures entrusted to his trust, to be carried outside the kingdom and across the sea: nor is this the duty of a custodian. Yet it could still be done if the Librarian were willing, who is now the most distinguished Bignon, to whom our petitions would need to be addressed. So it was formerly handled in the same cause by Casaubon, who, with the consent of President Thuanus, then Librarian, sent Theophanes to Scaliger at Leyden. But as for Bignon, who by nature, though kindly, is nevertheless rather timid, it is scarcely likely that he would ever have allowed these things to leave France for any reason whatever. Yet it was certain that one must proceed with no empty devices, unless you had forbidden me to think any further about it. So I shall now cease rolling this stone. Perhaps it will succeed better another time, especially once that storm has abated, which the assembly now being held here, of the Gallican Clergy, is trying to stir up against your Primacy. “The Kingdom is at stake, the Priesthood is at stake,” cry the prelates, if it is permitted with impunity to denounce the Episcopal order in such terms; not by arguments, not by contrary books, but by sword and flame must such madness be checked. They carried these complaints to the Queen, to the Most Eminent Cardinal, who replied that the matter must be considered further. Mazarin, however, says that so great a crime must be punished all the more severely, because it now fits France less well with the Roman Hierarch. Thus assemblies are being held over your head, and it is to be feared that poor Apparatus—for they press scarcely at all on the Treatise itself—may be slain as an unfortunate victim by the angry inhabitants of the Vatican. Yet there are not wanting, though secretly, the blockers of these complaints. “What is it to us,” they say, “what a heretic in a heretical land believes or writes about the mysteries of our most holy Hierarchy? We shall refute his arguments with counter-writings, and reproach him with his anarchy. For if, as they say, this writing of a foreign man is condemned by invoking the secular arm, then by the same reasoning the foreign princes of the heterodox communion will rage against our books, and there will be no end to such punishments: at the very least no benefit, except that the minds on either side are made more bitterly inflamed. It is therefore better to pass these matters by, and, according to the Apostle, to leave judgment to the highest judge. ἰδ μαλ ἐν τὰς ἐγω πεινεν; ὑπι τὰς ἐσω πεινετε υμεῖς, τὰς ἐγω ὑ Θεὸς πεινεν. What they are about to decide we shall see. Before you determine anything about a crossing overseas, I would dare to beg you earnestly to
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CL S A R R A V I I relegere velis epistolas summi & optimi viri Isaaci Casauboni, qui cum Regi docto familiarem & amicum se jactaret & gloriaretur, tamen istorum non poterat vir modestissimus fastum & contemptum ferre, certe tulit quandiu vixit impatientissime. Liberorum militantium aliqui, nec forsan adeo remoti processus uxorem placaverint. Dum uberem aliquam tuæ sementis messem sperare debes, omnia deferere nescio an amice quisquam tibi consulat. Sed ne iterum me nimiæ curiositatis vel etiam inscitiæ damnes, quicquid decreveris fecerisve, rite recteque decretum factumve arbitrabor. Illud quanquam de quo rogas uno verbo explico, non placent mihi istorum mores, qui cum omnibus placere studeant, in has & illas partes transeunt animo nimium aulico & versatili. Majorem in amicitia constantiam & prudentiam requiro. Hodie Nicolaus Heinsius reddidit mihi satis humanam a patre epistolam. Filius utendos accepit me parario e Bibliotheca Petaviana aliquot manuscriptos Ovidianos Codices, quod summam humanitatem interpretatur. Non rescribam nisi copiam feceris. Nec enim ego minime amo ita cuilibet me præbare. Dubito an exemplar quod superest tradi debeat B. alias enim ejus collega And. T. non erit omitterendus. Si istis dentur, quidem & aliis multis itidem amicis & prudentibus? Non faciam, nisi præcisius jusseris. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisior. VIII. Decemb. CIC IBC XLV. Noli amplius laborare de ultimo exemplari, quod habere sibi voluit Milleteiuis vetus tuus & fidus semper, ita ait, amicus, nec volui prohibere. Dicit se fortem tibi navasse operam apud aliquos Episcopos, ut mitius de libro tuo censerent. E P I S T O L A C L I I CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Saimasio. Lugdunum Ratavorum. UT dixit mihi Menagius questum esse Amplissimum Talcum, quod non donatus esset tuo Primatu, de quo multus esset quotidie & ubique sermo, judicavi e re esse tua virum potentissimum & amicissimum demereri: cum præsertim diceret non defuisse, qui cum rogassent ut ad Senatum de libro tuo referret, utlege agere liceret tanquam adversus seditiosum & obtrectatorem Papalis & Episcopalis dignitatis; quod omnino facere recusavisset. Itaque ad eum unum exemplar nisi, sed cum præfatione distulisse te hactenus illud officium, quia lciebas argumentum quod in eo tractaretur, uti nec styli tui libertatem non posse Pontificiorum sacris addictis, qualis ille est, placere. Alterum itidem ex veteri tua sententia ad ejus Collegam Bignonium destinavi. Utrumque ocyus invisam, ut illis amicis, si opus sit, utamur: nec enim illis inconsultis quicquam sævius adversus librum tuum statuetur: quanquam fallor aut omnis iste calor deferbuit. Triginta prioribus exemplaribus, antea, uti scripsi, divisis, alia sex ab Elzevirio sumpsi, quorum quatuor apud me supersunt, quæ servabo, ut si casus ferat, in alios istiusmodi viros, vel pro tuo imperio distribuan-
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CL SARRAVIUS if you wish to read the letters of the most excellent and outstanding man Isaac Casaubon, who, while boasting and taking pride in being familiar with and a friend of the learned King, nevertheless could not endure the pride and contempt of such men; certainly he bore it most impatiently as long as he lived. Some of the soldiers’ children, and perhaps not so remote a period, may have pleased the wife. While you ought to hope for a rich harvest from your sowing, I know not whether anyone would advise you kindly to give up everything. But lest you accuse me again of excessive curiosity or even ignorance, whatever you shall decide or do, I shall deem it duly and rightly decided or done. That matter, though, about which you ask, I explain in a word: I do not like the manners of those men who, though they strive to please everyone, go this way and that in mind, too courtly and changeable. I require greater constancy and prudence in friendship. Today Nicolaus Heinsius delivered to me a very courteous letter from his father. The son received from my bookseller, from the Bibliotheca Petaviana, several manuscript Ovidian codices, which he takes as a mark of the greatest courtesy. I shall not write back unless you give me the opportunity. For indeed I do not at all like to commend myself to anyone in that way. I doubt whether the remaining copy ought to be given to B., otherwise his colleague And. T. must not be omitted. If they are given to those men, what of many others likewise, friends and prudent men? I shall not do it unless you more precisely command it. Farewell and love me. Paris, 8 December 1645. Do not trouble yourself any more about the last copy, which your old and always faithful friend Milleteiuis, as he says, wished to have for himself, and I did not wish to prevent it. He says that he strongly exerted himself on your behalf with certain bishops, so that they might judge more mildly concerning your book. EPISTLE CLII CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Saumaise. Lugdunum Batavorum. AS Menagius told me that the most distinguished Talcum was complaining that he had not been granted your Primacy, of which there was much talk daily and everywhere, I judged it to be in your interest to win over that most powerful and very friendly man; especially since he said that there had been no lack of men who, when they had asked that he refer your book to the Senate, so that it might be lawful to proceed against it as against a seditious work and a slanderer of Papal and Episcopal dignity, he had absolutely refused to do so. Therefore I sent one copy to him alone, but with a preface I have hitherto postponed that service, because I knew that the subject treated in it, as also the freedom of your style, could not please those devoted to the rites of the Pontificians, such as he is. Likewise, in accordance with my earlier judgment, I sent another to his colleague Bignon. I shall visit both as soon as possible, so that we may use those friends if need be; for without consulting them nothing harsher will be determined against your book: though I am mistaken, or else all that heat has cooled. After the first thirty copies had previously been distributed, as I wrote, I took six more from Elzevir, of which four remain with me, which I shall keep, so that, if the occasion should require, I may distribute them among other such men, or at your command...
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EPISTOLÆ. 157 buantur. Nesciebam Gothofredum Genevensem adeo inciviliter tecum vi- vere, ut suis libriste - - - - - - - Albo meo expungetur, nec deinceps inter familiares tuos nomen ejus legetur. Curabo ut binæ dissertatiunculæ, mihi & Iustello nostro inscriptæ, ad te, commodam nactus occasionem, mittantur. Eas olim ad me misit a ille sine ullo epistolio; Gratias egi, ne quidem rescripsit: atqui debebat beneficium suum aliqua humanitate condire. Vel eum poenituit, ita credo, me publice compellasse, vel existimavit nihil a me fici posse, quod istam gratiam suam æquaret. Hi sunt hominis mores. Ejus Commentarium de Virginibus velandis, non vidi: Manuscripto meo de jure summarum potestatum circa sacra utere pro tuo arbitratu, sive in eo istic excudendo, sive ad me remittendo. Ut hic typis committatur verendum non est. Sed an etiam edentur notulæ Blondelli nostri? Saltem publicentur sine auctoris nomine, qui in isto Mustaceo laureolam non captat. Ipsum librum quod spectat, vix credo Grotium aliquod majus operæ pretium fecisse, & quod solertiam & cruditionem ejus magis prodat. Eum olim concinnavit in Batavia dum istic publico munere fungeretur, hoc est antequam pravas imbiberet opiniones, quibus postea turpitur se inquinavit. Gaudeo te idem argumentum tractandum suscepisse. Hæc etiam clava digna est te Hercule, cui cum pygmæis certare nec honestum est nec gloriosum. Fallor tamen, aut pro ista tua lucubratione nullas aget gratias Facultas Theologica. Solent quippe isti verbi divini ministri amplius sibi arrogare, quam Magistratus eos ita pervers sentientes & statuentes ferre possit. Ni grave est scribe quæso, an conjecerim. Interim bene vale. Lutetiæ Parisior. xv. Decemb. CIO DE XLV. EPISTOLA CLIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Batavorum. Sedebam in balneo, acutissimis cruciatibus quatriduanæ nephritidis solatium quærens, cum penultimas tuas accepi. Nullis remediis illa abscessit, nisi post alios quatuor dies. Totum itaque fere octiduum miserabiliter transegi: & jam aliquantula successit reni dextro quies. In eo enim hæret lethalis calculus grandior, qui sine majori dolore, maximoque periculo avelli non potest. Ita censent Medicorum filii, præstantes cordati viri. Qualis deinceps futura sit vitæ meæ conditio, plane incertum est, cum pendeat ex motu & quiete istius lapidis, qui mihi comes adest indivulsus. Millies interea optavi finire hos vitæ acerbissimæ labores: quod non placuit Deo Opt. Max. qui me vult ita affectum adhuc durare. Vivo itaque, mi Salmasi, sed eo animo ut de proximo discessu cogitem semper, eumque non metuam, sed optem. Fiat voluntas Domini, cui parere me æquum est. Hæc causa fuit omnino sontica silentii mei; vereorque ne sæpius recurrat. Nec enim alias gratissimum ad te scribendi officium omisissem. Nolim autem ut propter id, quod ego nuper ad V 3
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EPISTLE. 157 buantur. I did not know that Godefroy of Geneva lived with you so uncivilly, that in his books I should be struck out of my own alphabet, and that thereafter his name would not be read among your friends. I shall see to it that the two little dissertations, inscribed to me and to our Justellus, are sent to you when a suitable opportunity presents itself. He sent them long ago to me without any letter; I gave thanks, but he did not even write back. Yet he ought to have seasoned his favor with some courtesy. Either he regretted having addressed me publicly, so I believe, or he thought that nothing could be done by me which would match that kindness of his. Such are the man's manners. I have not seen his Commentary on Veiling the Virgins: use my manuscript on the right of the supreme powers concerning sacred matters at your discretion, whether in printing it there, or in sending it back to me. There is no need to fear that it will be committed to type here. But will our Blondel's notes also be published? At least let them be made public without the author's name, for he does not seek a little laureate's wreath in that Mustaceus. As for the book itself, I can scarcely believe that Grotius ever produced anything of greater labor or of more worth, or anything that better displays his ingenuity and learning. He composed it long ago in Holland while he was performing public office there, that is, before he had imbibed those corrupt opinions, with which he later shamefully defiled himself. I am glad that you have undertaken to treat the same subject. This club, too, is worthy of you as a Hercules, for whom to contend with pygmies is neither honorable nor glorious. Yet I am mistaken if the Theological Faculty will offer any thanks for your present piece of writing. For those ministers of the divine word are accustomed to claim more for themselves than the Magistracy can tolerate, if they think and decide so perversely. If it is not troublesome, please write and tell me whether I have conjectured rightly. Meanwhile, fare you well. At Paris, 15 December 1645. EPISTLE 153. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden, Holland. I was sitting in the bath, seeking relief from the sharp torments of a four-day attack of nephritis, when I received your penultimate letter. It left me only after four more days and no remedies had driven it off. Thus I spent almost the whole eight days miserably; and now some small respite has come to the right kidney. For a larger fatal stone is lodged there, which cannot be detached without greater pain and the utmost danger. Such is the judgment of the physicians' sons, excellent sensible men. What the condition of my life will be hereafter is entirely uncertain, since it depends on the motion and rest of that stone, which attends me as an inseparable companion. A thousand times meanwhile I have wished to end these bitter labors of life: but this has not pleased God Almighty, who wills that I should still remain in this condition. I therefore live, my Salmasius, but with this mind, that I always think of my approaching departure, and neither fear it nor dread it, but desire it. Let the will of the Lord be done, to which it is fitting that I should submit. This was wholly the just cause of my silence; and I fear lest it recur more often. For otherwise I should not have omitted the most welcome duty of writing to you. Nor would I wish that because I lately to you V 3
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. MInus prospera valetudo qua usus sum aliquot abhinc septimanis, Vir Eruditissime ac Præstantissime, facile apud te excusationem merebitur, si humanissimis literis tuis serius videor respondere. Iam autem quia aliquantulum a gravissimo morbo respirare licet, gratias ago gratissimas pro illa tua, mellitissima comitate condita, epistola; qua non ingrata tibi fuisse minutula officia testatus es, quæ filio tuo exhibui. Atqui debui ego illa omnia, immo & majora præstare ejus eruditioni non protritæ, modestiæque singulari; ad lo & Heinsiano nomini; quod dudum in magna & præclara gloria famaque a te constitutum, in hoc virtutum tuarum dignissimo hærede, majus adhuc efflorescet æternumque vigebit. Et habet ille et quæ sibi bonos omnes conciliat & devincit. Quid possim tantis dotibus denegare? nihil certe velim: cum præsertim accesserit (verum dicam Vir Magne, nec fallere meum est)
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. My somewhat less favorable state of health, which I have been using for some weeks past, Most Learned and Excellent Sir, will readily earn an excuse from you if I seem to be replying later than would be fitting to your most courteous letters. But now, because I am allowed at last to breathe somewhat after a most grievous illness, I offer the warmest thanks for that letter of yours, composed with sweetest kindness; by it you testified that the small services I rendered to your son were not unwelcome to you. Yet I ought to have provided all those things, indeed even greater ones, for his unspoiled learning and singular modesty, and for the Lo and the Heinsian name; a name which, long since established by you in great and splendid glory and reputation, in this most worthy heir of your virtues will blossom more greatly still and flourish forever. And he possesses that which wins over and binds to him all good men. What could I deny to such gifts? Nothing, certainly would I wish to deny: especially since there has been added (I will speak truly, Great Sir, and it is not my habit to deceive myself)
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EPISTOLÆ. 159 est) non quæsita, nec fucata, amicorum meorum uti & eruditorum summi, Nobilissimi Salmasii, in ejus gratiam commendatio, cui aliquid reculare nec debeo nec soleo. Utatur itaque & fruatur metoto, quem ei dedo libentissime. Utere fruere tu quoque, Vir Maxime, quem semper experieris tui studiosissimum, cultoremque observantissimum. Lutetiæ Parisiorum VI. Ian. CIO IDC XLVI. EPISTOLA CLV. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. BReves licet & Gallicæ postremæ tuæ, non tamen non gratissimæ fue- re. Quidni, cum merum erga me, tum afflictissimum, amorem calidissimum spirarent? Ita soleo ego quoque, Mi Salmasi, tuis sive bonis sive malis non leviter affici. O utinam possent animi mei penetralia tibi denu dari! In illis certe, & nominis tui gloriam, & ob amorem quo me prosequeris, non le- verm lætitiam altissimis disixam radicibus, videres. Si quæris quam belle jam habeam. Respondent Medici, me in statu neutro; spemque metumque in- ter dubium, extrema, non vitæ, sed doloris incommoda quotidie, immo singulis horis vel etiam momentis, non temere formidantem. Cæterum in bonitate Domini confido, qui nihil de me statuet, quod servulo suo non ex- pediat Miror litteras quas ad Reverendum Spanhemium Eucharisticas scripse- ram, serius quam oportuit, ad cum pervenisse. Eas enim statim post librum acceptum ad Heylmannum Medicum miseram, qui receperat se eas sine ulla mora curaturum. Ingratus præterea essem, nisi ejushumanitati & benevolen- tiæ multum me debere agnoscerem, vel profiteri refugerem. Cum enim vir bonus Ludovicus Cappellus, in sua dedicatione, satis familiari titulo & ser- mone me ornasset & compellasset, ita utrumque reformavit (quod me atten- tare pudor nescio an modestia prohibuerat) ut sine dignitatis meæ detrimento, jam nomen meum ibi legatur. Quia autem in illis, quas a me habuit, sero- tinis litteris, hæc, quæ jam scribo, nescio quomodo notare omisi, sciat ex te quæso, hoc suum beneficium neque in inscium, neque in immemorem esse collocatum. Tum virum magnum non amare non possum, qui te serio amat. Ei ni grave est a me plurimam salutem. Tibi quoque, Vir summe, omni- no parem. Scio nobilissimam uxorem tuam diu in Morinis hæsisse, an in Ze- landiam transferit, nescio. Omnia ei, tibique, fausta precor. Vale & me, ut facis, amare perge. Lutetiæ Parisior. xix. Ianu. CIO IDC XLVI. EPISTOLA CLVI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. VIs ergo me exerte dicere, quid sententiam de postremo Grotii libro, & an omnia mihi in eo probentur. Rem rogas non magnam, nec adeo diffi-
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EPISTLES. 159 it is not sought after, nor made up, the recommendation of my friends and scholars, especially of the most noble Salmasius, in his favor, to whom I ought not, nor am I accustomed, to refuse anything. Let him therefore use and enjoy metoto , which I very gladly give him. Use and enjoy it too, Most Excellent Sir, whom I have always found most devoted to you and most attentive in my regard. Paris, 6 Jan. 1646. EPISTLE CLV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Your brief and last letter from France, though it was, was nevertheless very welcome. And why not, since it breathed a very warm love toward me, though in the midst of my deepest affliction? So too I am wont to be not a little affected, my dear Salmasius, by your good tidings or ill alike. O that the innermost chambers of my mind could be laid open to you once more! In them, surely, you would see both the glory of your name and, for the love with which you pursue me, a not slight joy, rooted in the deepest depths. If you ask how I am doing now, the physicians answer that I am in a neutral state; and that, between hope and fear, I daily, indeed every hour and even every moment, am not without serious apprehension of the final inconveniences, not of life but of pain. Nevertheless, I trust in the goodness of the Lord, who will determine nothing concerning me that is not for the benefit of his servant. I wonder that the letter of thanks which I had written to the Reverend Spanheim reached him later than it should have. For immediately after receiving the book I had sent it to Dr. Heylmann, who had promised that he would attend to it without delay. I should moreover be ungrateful, unless I acknowledged that I owe much to his kindness and benevolence, or refused to confess it. For when the good man Ludovicus Cappellus, in his dedication, had honored and addressed me with a sufficiently familiar title and style, he altered both so that, without detriment to my dignity, my name is now read there. But because, in those late letters which he received from me, I omitted somehow to note these things which I now write, I ask you to let him know that this favor of his has been bestowed neither on one unaware of it nor on one forgetful of it. Nor can I fail to love a great man who loves you sincerely. Give him my warmest greetings from me, if it is no burden. And to you too, most excellent Sir, the like without reserve. I know that your most noble wife has long been detained among the Morini; whether she is moving to Zeeland, I do not know. I pray all good things for her and for you. Farewell, and continue, as you do, to love me. Paris, 19 Jan. 1646. EPISTLE CLVI. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Do you then want me to state plainly what my opinion is of Grotius’ latest book, and whether I approve everything in it? You ask a small matter, and not especially difficult...
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160 CL. S A R R A V I I difficilem, quamque expedire promptum est. Tantum abest ut omnia probem, ut vix aliquid in eo reperiam, cui sine conditione calculum apponam meum. Verissime dixit ille, qui primus dixit, Grotium Papizare. Vix tamen in isto scripto aliquid legi quod mirarer, quodve in occurreret. Nunquid enim omnes istiusmodi ejusdem auctoris lucubrationes erga Papistarum errores perpetuam & , erga Iesuitas amorem, erga nos plus quam Vatinianum odium produnt & clamant? In VOTO quod ejus nomen præferebat, an veritus est hæc profiteri? Itaque, nescio quare istic, ubi nihil non licet, puduit Typographum nomen suum apponere. Quod enim de Oldenbarneveldii supplicio, ab ejus holte spectato, narrat, non magnificio; cum Principem, licet intellexerit, non nominaverit. De Augustino quod dixit, omnibus Remonstrantibus debet esse familiare. Certe id hac in Urbe Iesuitæ, contra Iansenium perorantes, quotidie pro suggestu prædicant. Non est, inquiunt, hic Pater regulafidei. Ut se expediret ab argumentis hæreticorum sui temporis, multa liberius & inconsideratius dixit, quibus non tenemur. Habes sententiam meam satis liquido, ita puto, pronunciatam. Et habet Rivetus noster amplissimum stadium in quo decurrat: quod dum faciet, quia non potest pluribus occupari, nec est ut prioribus omissis ad posteriora respondeat: mittat interim ad te tum Amyraldi nostri primam expostulationem, tum ad Rivetianum; & habebis quod igni assidens quinque sexve horas legas, quove non insuaviter afficiaris. Quanquam verum ut fatear, mihi sane non placent inter Reverendos Viros hujusmodi parum amicæ concertationes. Cæterum non habet quod de te queratur uxor tua, quæ suis consiliis parere solita, in suo hinc discessu solemnesuum servavit. Dedit ad me Caleto literas vigesima secunda hujus mensis scriptas, quibus rogabat ut aliquantulam pecuniam, quam apud Iustellum deposuerat, reciperem & ad se mitterem. Nihil dum recepi, mihi tamen ducentas quas volebat libras. De te videbatur sollicita, cum dudum nullas a te habuisset. Heri rescripsi & valere te nunciavi. Prudenter facis, qui Jurisconsultos istos contumaces despicere velis, sine eos in agmen cogi, tum simul & semel opprime universos. Sed an ista quoque ages cum Theologis Ultrajectinis? Immo jam id actum esse audio. In posterum de movendis castris deliberabitur, & Militia tua optatissima adveniet. Tempestatis rigor hic plane desæviit: unde non vanaspes est, quicquid hario lentur vestri Astrologi, tecum cis paucos dies futuram nobilissimam tuam uxorem. Queritur Menagius se nullas dudum a te accepisse; mihique hanc tarditatem imputat, sine cujus nutu, ita jocatur vir urbanus, nulli harum regionum audeas rescribere. Vale. Lutetiæ Paris. 11. Febr. LVI. EPI-
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160 Cl. SARRAVII difficult, though easy to handle. It is so far from the case that I approve everything, that I can scarcely find anything in it to which I can unconditionally give my assent. Most truly spoke he who first said that Grotius had turned Papist. Yet I hardly read anything in that writing that I admired, or that struck me. For do not all the works of the same author of this sort betray and proclaim a perpetual favor toward the errors of the Papists, a love for the Jesuits, and toward us an hatred more than Vatinian? In the Voto, which bore his name, did he fear to confess these things? And so I do not know why there, where nothing is forbidden, the printer was ashamed to place his name. What he relates, from Oldenbarnevelt’s punishment as seen by him, is no great matter; since he did not name the Prince, though he understood him. What he said about Augustine must be familiar to all the Remonstrants. Certainly the Jesuits in this city, when declaiming against Jansenius, preach it daily from the pulpit: “This Father is not, they say, a rule of faith. To free himself from the arguments of the heretics of his own time, he said many things more freely and more inconsiderately, by which we are not bound.” You have my opinion, I think, stated quite clearly. And our Rivet has a very broad field in which to run his course; and while he is doing so, since he cannot occupy himself with many things, nor is it fitting that, omitting earlier matters, he should answer the later ones, let him meanwhile send to you both our Amyrald’s first remonstrance and the one directed against Rivet; and you will have something to read by the fire for five or six hours, and from which you will not be unpleasantly affected. Although, to tell the truth, such not very friendly contests among Reverend Men do not at all please me. As for the rest, your wife has no reason to complain of you, she who has been accustomed to follow your counsels, and on her departure from there preserved the usual ceremonies. She sent me letters from Calais, written on the 22nd of this month, in which she asked that I should receive a small amount of money, which she had deposited with Justellus, and send it to her. I have received nothing yet, but I did send her the two hundred pounds she wanted. She seemed anxious about you, since she had long had no letters from you. Yesterday I wrote back and reported that you were well. You do wisely if you wish to despise those obstinate lawyers, unless they can be brought into line; then strike them all at once and altogether. But will you do the same with the theologians of Utrecht? Nay, I hear that this has already been done. In the future it will be deliberated where to move the camp, and your most welcome soldiers will arrive. The severity of the weather here has entirely passed away; hence there is no vain hope, whatever your astrologers may be predicting, that within a few days your most noble wife will be with you. Ménage complains that he has not long received any letters from you; and he blames me for this delay, since, as that witty man jokes, without my nod you would not dare to write back to anyone in these regions. Farewell. Paris, Feb. 11, 56. EPI-
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EPISTOLA. 161 EPISTOLA CLVII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Utinam lapide, qui me, vel dolore vel metu, perpetuo cruciat, juxta vo- ta tua, statim liberer. Sed vix ulla spes est, posse id mihi tam citò ac- cidere. Conveniunt Medici me renis dextri crassiore calculo laborare: quod acutissimus in ista parte sensus, & insolita gravitas, cum aliquoties urgente cruris dextri stupore evincunt, nec sinunt dubitare. Urinam sanguinolentam ante quinque sexve menses, quoties curru veherer, emittebam: sed de nullius mali acerbitate tum querebar; sine ullo quippe incommodo cruenta fluebat. Jam vero ex quo me premit acrius dirissima nephritis, urina plane naturalis est coloris, nisi quod de die tenuior est & parum tincta. Morbo itaque meo minus cum tuo convenit. Curavi Epistolam tuam cum uno exemplari Primat- us tui ad Gratianopolitani Senatus Principem Bercherium: habet hic nempe fratrem, libellorum supplicum uti vocant Magistrum, cui utrumque utred- deretur effeci. En tibi a Bocharto nostro literas. Libri tui novissimi lectione multum se profecisse ad me scribit, non sine non vulgari lætitia, quod sacra jam ornare constituas. Ejus Geographia sacra ex Typographeio Cadomen- si non prodibit ante sex menses: volumen quippe erit mole amplissimum. Hic non solum Milleterius, sed etiam Codurcus, alter itidem apostata, aliquid ad- versus te parat pro Papæ defensione. Sed nec hujus nec illius opus dudum erit paratum. Hodie sub noctem Joannes Elzevirius per dispositos equos Caletum, cum vestro tabellario, profecturus est. Nactus hic ab amico exemplar Epi- stolarum Huberti Langueti, id ei commisi, ut paternis typis, quod se factu- rum recepit, edatur. Quia autem vereor, ut istic promissi ineminerit, rogo te velis ei aurem vellere, & ejus si forte ceperit oblivionem excitare; remque feceris mihi gratissimam. Placet mihi istius tui popularis scribendi ratio pura, tersa & fa- cilis, nec tamen elegantiæ stosculis, ubi res postulat, destituta. De nobilissima uxore tua, nihil hac septimana intellexi. Deum precor ut te illamque brevi jun- gat, diuque servet incolumes. Quia non succurrit, quod scribam, de duobus te interrogabo. Primum non erit forsan abs re, cum tonsuram & comam spectet. In Capitularib. Caroli M. 1. 112. verba hæc leguntur, De servis propriis vel ancillis, ut non amplius tondeantur vel velentur, nisi secundum mensu- ram, & ut ibi satisfiat, & villa non sint desolata. Hæc tria subobscura sunt. Quænam enim est ista mensura tonsuræ & veli servilis? quæ ista satis- factio? quæ villarum desolatio? Secundum habetur in sequentibus duobus ca- pitulis, in quibus quæro, qui dicantur pulsantes, & quid sit pulsari secundum regulam. Desino plura scribere. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisior. x. Febr. CIC IX XLVI. Heri, quod male omittebam; Majoris Senatus nostri Cameræ, uti vocant, X. Blam-
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EPISTLE. 161 EPISTLE CLVII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Would that I might at once be freed, according to your wishes, from the stone which, either by pain or by fear, is perpetually tormenting me. But there is scarcely any hope that this can happen to me so quickly. The physicians agree that I suffer from a larger stone in the right kidney: this is proved by the very acute sensation in that part, and the unusual heaviness, when the numbness of the right leg repeatedly troubles me, and does not allow me to doubt it. Five or six months ago I used to pass bloody urine whenever I was being carried in a carriage; but then I complained of no severity of illness; for it flowed blood-stained without any discomfort. But now, since the dire nephritis presses me more fiercely, the urine is of entirely natural color, except that by day it is thinner and slightly tinged. Thus my disease agrees less with yours. I forwarded your letter, together with one copy of your Primatus, to Bercherius, the president of the Senate of Grenoble; for he has a brother there, the so-called Master of Requests, and I arranged that both should be delivered to him. Here are letters to you from our Bochard. He writes to me that he has profited greatly from reading your latest books, not without no small joy, because you are now determined to adorn sacred studies. His Sacred Geography will not be issued from the Caen press before six months; for the volume will be exceedingly large in bulk. Here not only Milleterius, but also Codurcus, another apostate, is preparing something against you in defense of the Pope. But neither his work nor the other's will be ready for a long time. Today toward nightfall John Elzevir will set out for Calais by relay horses, together with your courier. Having obtained here from a friend a copy of Hubert Languet's Epistles, I entrusted it to him, so that it may be published by my father's press, as he has undertaken to do. But since I fear that there he may forget his promise, I ask you to please tug his ear and, if by chance he has fallen into forgetfulness, stir him up; and you will have done me a very great favor. I like the style of that fellow countryman of yours: pure, polished, and easy, yet not lacking, where the subject requires, the little ornaments of elegance. As to your most noble wife, I have heard nothing this week. I pray God to unite you and her soon, and long preserve you both in safety. Since nothing occurs to me to write, I shall ask you two questions. The first will perhaps not be out of place, since it concerns tonsure and hair. In the Capitularies of Charlemagne, bk. 1, chap. 112, these words are read: "Concerning their own male and female slaves, that they are no longer to be shorn or veiled except according to measure, and that satisfaction be made there, and that the estates not be left desolate." These three things are somewhat obscure. For what, then, is that measure of the slave's tonsure and veil? What is that satisfaction? What is the desolation of the estates? The second is found in the following two chapters, in which I ask who are called the beating ones, and what it is to be beaten according to the rule. I stop writing more. Farewell and love me. Paris, 10 February, 1646. Yesterday, what I was wrongly omitting: of the chamber of our Major Council, as they call it, X. Blam-
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BLAMMENILIO POTERIO IN SECUNDUM LOCUM REJECTO, THUANUS PRIMÆ INQUISITIO- NUM CAMERÆ PRIMUS PRÆSES RENUNCIATUS EST. PARTICELLIUS TERTIUM, QUEM TAN- TUM AMBIEBAT, LOCUM NON DIFFICULTER OBTINUIT; & IN TERTIA SECUNDUS FEDET. POST SCRIPTAM HANC EPISTOLAM ACCIPIO AB ERUDITISSIMO PRICÆO FASCICULUM, IN QUO BINA EXEMPLARIA HABENTUR SPECIMINIS NOTARUM SUARUM IN N. T. UNUM TIBI, ALTERUM VOSSIO. EUM INTER SUAS LIBRARIAS SARCINAS COMPINGENDUM ELZEVIRIO TRADIDI. INTEREA HABES HIC AB EODEM PRICÆO LITERAS, SUI EGA TE CULTUS & OBSERVANTIA NON VULGARIS INDICES HUNC AUTEM VIRUM TUM DOCTRINA, TUM FORTI IN ADVERSIS ANI- MO COMMENDABILEM, IMMO & SUSPICIENDUM AMARE QUÆSO VELIS. ITERUM VALEAS. EPISTOLA CLVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS CLAUDIO SALMASIO. Lugdunum Batavorum. SI VALES BENE EST. SOLA ENIM OBSTAT ADVERSA TUA VALETUDO, NE SOLIDUM & AB OMNI PARTE SINCERUM SIT GAUDIUM MEUM, POST ACCEPTAS NOVISSIMAS LITTERAS TUAS. PRÆSTABITUR ERGO DEINCEPS DUDUM PROMISSUS, DUDUMQUE NEGATUS HO- NOS: MAGNO & CERTISSIMO ARGUMENTO, QUANTUM ISTIE MAGNI FIAS, QUAMQUE ÆMULI TUI DEPRESSI JACEANT. EGO CERTE BATAVOS JAM AMO, CUM VIDEAM ILLOS, LICET SERO, COGNOSCERE QUANTUM THESAURUM IN TE POSSIDEANT. TE QUOD ATTINET, FALLOR, AUT LONGE CARIUS EST TIBI POSTREMUM HOC GLORIA, QUAM NUPERUM PECU- NIÆ INCREMENTUM QUID SUPEREST, NISI UT OMNIBUS ISTIS DIUTIS- SIME, QUOD VOVEO & SPERO, CUM DEO, FRUARIS. UT CONCILIATIO INSTITUATUR MATTHÆI CUM LUCA, VOLUNT VERBUM TANTUM SIGNIFICARE, PRÆ DOLORIS VEHEMENTIA, QUASI ELISIS FAUCIBUS ANGEBATUR, QUOD GALICE DICIMUS CREVER DE DE- PIT OU DE RAGE. UT NEMPE MATTHÆUS FURORIS DUNTAXAT INITIUM, LUCAS VERO SUPPLICIUM, QUOD DE SE POSTEA SUMPLIT, DESCRIPSERIT JOANNES DE LAUNOY DOCTOR SORBONICUS DISSERTATIONEM EDIDIT DE VERA Causa seceffus BRU- NONIS IN ERENUM, QUA EVINCIT MERAM ESSE FABULAM, NARRATIONEM DE REDIVIVO CANONICO PARISIENSE, QUI TER E FERETRO SUBLIMIS CLAMAVERIT, SE JUSTO DEI JUDICIO ACCUSATUM, IUDICATUM & DAMNATUM FUISE. SCILICET VIR SOLERS, QUI PARISIENSE- BUS DIONYSIUM AREOPAGITAM GALLIARUM APOSTOLUM PSEUDONYMUM, & PRO- VINCIALIBUS MAGDALENAM MASSILIENSEM ERIPUIT, ETIAM CARTUSIANORUM FICTITIAM ORIGINEM VOLUIT DENOTARE. SUNT TAMEN ISTA OMNIA SUPERSTITIONIS INSIGNIA MO- NUMENTA, SED QUÆ IN TANTA LITTERARUM LUCE DIUTIUS LATERE & FRAUDEM FACERE NON POTERANT. ITA OLM BULLIALDUS NOSTER AUSUS QUOQUE EST ADVERSUS BENIGNUM VE- STRATEM ALIQUID COMMENTARI, SED CA DE RE SIBI MEDITATA EDERE VERITUS EST. UT ALIQUID PRÆTEREA SCRIBAM. ACCIPE INSIGNITAM FORSAN TEMERITATEM MEAM DE LOCO PAULI IN EPISTOLA I. AD COR. XVI. IO. 'EAN DE ILIA O TROFEO, BLOPTE IVA A FOCES GINNTAS PEOS UMA'S. NON POSSUM ME EXPEDIRE AB ISTO A FICAS, QUOD ALII SINE TIMORE VEL METU, QUOD IDEM EST; ALII SECURE, EXONUNT. QUORUM ENIM ALI- QUID
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With Blammenilius Poterius rejected for the second place, Thuanus was proclaimed the first president of the Chamber of Inquiries. Particellius, for the third place, which he had only just been seeking, obtained it without difficulty; and Fedet was second in the third. After writing this letter, I receive from the most learned Pricæus a packet, in which are contained two copies of a specimen of his notes on the New Testament, one for you, the other for Vossius. I handed it over to Elzevirius to be packed among his books. Meanwhile you have here, from the same Pricæus, a letter, a sign of his esteem for you and no vulgar respect. I beg you to love this man, who is commendable both for learning and for a steadfast spirit in adversity, indeed one who is to be admired. Farewell again. Letter CLVIII. CL. Sarravius to Claude Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. If you are well, it is well. For your adverse health alone prevents my joy, after receiving your latest letters, from being complete and pure in every respect. There will therefore at last be granted the honor long promised and long denied: a great and certain proof of how highly you are esteemed there, and how cast down your rivals lie. For my part I already love the Batavians, since I see them, though late, come to know what a treasure they possess in you. As for you, unless I am mistaken, this last honor is far dearer to you than your recent increase of wealth. What remains but that you may enjoy all these things for the longest time, as I pray and hope, with God’s help? As to the reconciliation of Matthew with Luke, they only wish the word to signify this: that, through the violence of pain, as if with his throat crushed, he gasped out what we in French call crever de dépit ou de rage. Thus Matthew, they say, described only the beginning of the fury, while Luke described the punishment which he afterwards inflicted on himself. Joannes de Launoy, a doctor of the Sorbonne, has published a dissertation on the true cause of Bruno’s withdrawal into the desert, in which he proves that the story of the revived canon of Paris, who from the elevated bier cried out three times that he had been accused, judged, and condemned by the just judgment of God, is pure fiction. Indeed, the ingenious man who rescued for the Parisians Dionysius the Areopagite, the pseudonymous apostle of Gaul, and for the people of Provence Mary Magdalene of Marseilles, also wished to expose the fictitious origin of the Carthusians. Yet all these are monuments marked by superstition, but in such a great light of letters they could no longer remain hidden and continue to deceive. So too our Bullialdus once ventured to comment on something against your Benignus Vestrates, but he was afraid to publish what he had meditated on that matter. To write something further, accept perhaps my notable rashness concerning the passage of Paul in the First Epistle to the Corinthians, xvi. 10. 'Ean de ilia o trofeo, blopte iva a foces ginn tas peos uma's.' I cannot free myself from this difficulty, namely that others, without fear or dread, which is the same thing, take it away; others securely, remove it. For of whom indeed something...
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EPISTOLA. 163 quid formidaret Timotheus a Corinthiis? An tum cruciabantur Corinthi a gentibus ministri Euangelii? Aliud ergo quæro, quod mihi satisfaciat. Certenisi vetaret sacrosanctus exemplarium omnium consensus, auderem pro a[nim]o[n]ibus minima mutatione legere a[nim]o[n]ibus 1 ut sensus esset: Providete, si Timotheus ad vos venerit, ut liberaliter excipiatur. Id est, Solicite curate, ut sic liberaliter apud vos. Ejus difficultatibus ita providete, ut nihil ei desit. Nihil a vobis habui, gratis docui 2. Cor. XI. 7. 8. 9. Eum vero volo laute haberi. Glossæ H. S. T. a[nim]o[n]ibus sine parcimonia. Desino plura scribere, ubi te rogavero, ut inspicere velis Plinii caput v. Lib. XXVII. cujus initium mendosum vide- tur. Quid si legamus. Servit totius corporis valetudini invariata victus observatio. Vale. Lutet. Paris. Calend. Mart. CIC XLVI. EPISTOLA CLIX. CL. S A R R A V I V S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Non sine mærore, eoque summo, integram tuam Epistolam legere po- tui. De te enim merito extrema formidem, ubi cogito quem tuum statum mihi describas. Rem ergo feceris gratissimam, nisi melius jam valeas; si morbi tui singula symptomata accurate descripseris, cum medicis nostris com- municanda: & curabo sedulo ut eorum sententiam, cum de causa, tum de re- mediis, resciscas. Interea noli quæso, ita tui omnem curam abjicere, ut mor- bus, qui jam non difficulter curari posset, tractu, temporis insanabilis evadat. Cogita quid tibi & tuis, litterisque, immo & DEO ipsi, debeas; qui te tot eximiis dotibus, ad gloriam suam, cumulavit, ut eas sibi impenderes. Nec æquum est, præclara tua consilia ita interrumpi, [n]o[n] n[ost]ri [con]v[er]sio[n]e [n]o[n] [con]v[er]sio [con]v[er]sio: quin potius, ex animo dico, De nostris annis augeat illetuos. Dudum tanta mora Spanhemianorum tomorum Salmuriensis adversarius, ita audio, crucia- tur. Non quod citius absolvi potuerint, sed quia olim promissi etiamnum desiderantur. Sed pensabit ille Anterotematum mole & numero Antagonista- rum impatientiam. Mirabile quippe est postquam tot libris enarrata est, quæ haud adeo ampla videbatur materia, adhuc promere centum intactas quæstio- nes, quæ totidem argumenta nova contineant. Hoc plane fundere est [n]o[n] [con]v[er]sio [con]v[er]sio. De loco Capitularium Caroli M. expectabo facile tempustibi com- modum, uti etiam de emendatione textus Epicteti, quod postremum noli quæ- so dememinisse. Interea nulla alia quæstione tibi molestus ero; proponam tan- tum tibi novam, & , ut opinor, veram expositionem loci cujusdam novi foederis, nec veterum, nec recentiorum ulli, quod sciam, memoratam. Ioh. XV. 20. hæc verba habentur, Ei [con]i[us] [con]diu[n]t[ur], [n]o[n] [con]du[n]t[ur]. Ei [con]t[en]t[ur] [con]l[oc]t[ur] [con]i[us] [con]du[n]t[ur]. Omnes, postrema hæc verba ita interpretantur. Sic cu- stodiverunt sermonem meum, vel mandata mea, etiam vestrum custodient, ei obtemperabunt. Atqui non ea est hic notio verbi [con]du[n]t[ur], quod hic sumi de- X 2 bet,
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EPISTLE. 163 What was Timothy to fear from the Corinthians? Were the ministers of the Gospel then being tormented at Corinth by the Gentiles? I ask, therefore, for something else that may satisfy me. Certainly, unless the agreement of all the manuscripts should forbid it, I would dare, with the smallest change, to read a[nim]o[n]ibus 1 so that the sense would be: See to it, if Timothy should come to you, that he be received generously. That is, take careful pains that he be thus generously treated among you. Provide for his needs so that nothing be lacking to him. “I took nothing from you; I preached freely” 2 Cor. XI. 7. 8. 9. But I want him to be well treated. Glosses H. S. T. a[nim]o[n]ibus without parsimony. I stop writing more, after asking you to look into the fifth chapter of Pliny, Book XXVII, whose opening seems corrupt. What if we read: “A constant observance of diet serves the health of the whole body.” Farewell. Paris, on the Calends of March, 146. EPISTLE CLIX. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. I was able to read your entire letter only with sorrow, and indeed the deepest sorrow. For I have good reason to fear the worst for you, when I consider the condition you describe to me. You would therefore do me a great kindness if you were now somewhat better; if you were to describe accurately each symptom of your illness, so that it may be communicated to our physicians; and I shall take care diligently that you learn their opinion, both as to the cause and as to the remedies. Meanwhile, I beg you not to cast aside all care for yourself in such a way that an illness which could now be cured without difficulty may, through the lapse of time, become incurable. Consider what you owe to yourself and yours, and to letters, indeed even to God Himself, who has enriched you with so many outstanding gifts for His glory, that you should devote them to Him. Nor is it right that your noble plans should be thus interrupted, [n]o[n] n[ost]ri [con]v[er]sio[n]e [n]o[n] [con]v[er]sio [con]v[er]sio: rather, from my heart I say, “May He increase our years.” The Salmurian opponent of the Spanish volumes has long been, so I hear, tormented by such delay. Not because they could have been brought to completion more quickly, but because the things promised long ago are still wanting. But the magnitude and number of the Antitheromata will repay the impatience of the Antagonists. For it is truly astonishing that, after a matter which seemed not so extensive has been explained in so many books, one can still produce a hundred untouched questions, each containing as many new arguments. This is plainly to pour forth [n]o[n] [con]v[er]sio [con]v[er]sio. I shall readily await a convenient time from you for the passage from the Capitularies of Charlemagne, as also for the emendation of the text of Epictetus; and as to the latter, please do not forget it. Meanwhile I shall trouble you with no other question; I shall merely propose to you a new, and, as I think, true explanation of a certain passage of the New Testament, one not, as far as I know, mentioned by either the ancients or the moderns. John XV. 20. the words are given: “Ei [con]i[us] [con]diu[n]t[ur], [n]o[n] [con]du[n]t[ur]. Ei [con]t[en]t[ur] [con]l[oc]t[ur] [con]i[us] [con]du[n]t[ur].” All, after these last words, interpret it thus: “Thus they kept my word, or my commands; they will also keep yours; they will obey him.” But here that is not the meaning of the verb [con]du[n]t[ur], which here must be taken to mean— X 2
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CL. SARRAVI bet, non pro servare, & custodire simpliciter, sed pro observare & veluti insidiari. Quasi diceret Christus, quia (si enim hic pro quia) mea verba observaverunt malo animo, ut ansam calumnia ex illis arriperent, etiam vestra, ut vobis itidem noceant, observabunt. Quod porro Dominum nostrum expertum esse testatur Lucas xx. 20. [etc] παρεπησων (Iohannes dixisset πησων ) απεριπλαν , παρινομητικα διαίνεις , ἀυα, ἰνα ἀπιλάθωνται αυτή λόγω, είς ποιραδων αυτῶν, &c. Qui locus superiorem omnino illustrat. Nec insolita est istius verbi πησῶν pro observare notio apud Gentium scriptores. Unum exemplum in sacris jam luccurrit Ecclesiastæ XI. 4. πησῶν ἀντων ι απειδή βλέπων ἐν ἤαίς νεφίλαις ἐν ἰερίστι. Qui verteret, servans vel custodiens ventum, &c. nullum sanum sensum eliceret. Dicendum ergo, ut recte vulgus interpretum, qui observas ventum (scrupulosius scilicet) non feret. Vale. Lutet. Parisior. Idibus Martiis. CIC XLVI. Sæpius in libris tuis laudatur Mæris Atticista, an usquam editus est? an eum tantum habes ex MS. codice Bibliothecæ Regiæ? Auctor enim mihi videtur optimæ frugis, adeo ut cum ausim integrum mihi describere, nisi auctoritas me tua revocet. Mone incertum quid agat & firma labantem. Iterum Vale. EPISTOLA CLX. CL. S A L M A S I U S Claudio Sarravio. Lugdunum Bataverum. TAm gratum mihi fuit, quam minime expectatum, quod de jam veluti plane recuparata valetudine tua, diligenter ad me perscripsisti. Eam enim ita affectam audieram, ut nihil non timerem potius, quam tuam subitam αναλοων sperarem. Audiit ergo DEUS opt. max bonorum vota, iisque annuit benignus: pro quo lummo beneficio gratias ei ex animo agimus immortales. Sed ausim te rogare iterumque iterumque, ut omnino exuas aliquando belligerandi animum adversus istos tenebriones, qui de mutuo aliisve minutiis te perpetuo adoriuntur. In Dialogis trium aut quatuor αναλων aliquando vapulent. Una Præfatio φοινικιαίον deplumavit. Ad hoc exemplum si alii habeantur; non vana spes est omnes istas funestas aviculas simili ratione elinguandas. Possunt illi, potest fere quilibet, hujusmodi scriptiunculis sufficere: at satis satisfque ita illos retudisti, ut, etsi nihil inposterum reponas, non possint silentium tuum suam gloriam arbitrari. Quin potius, alia quæ potes infinita, te digna, scribe: quibus cum neutiquam pares sint æmuli tui, tum eximiam vindictam de iis sumpseris, cum de bonis literis optime meritus fueris. Excute scrinia tua, & aliquid ede νο [etc] ἰασομενοιοι ποιηδ[us] αξιον. Vel Militia Romana: vel Arnobianæ Notæ; vel Concilium Eliberinum: vel Notæ In N. Foedus, desiderata omnia procedant. Quæso ignoscas, si sæpius incedem istam tundo. Sed hæc duo simul semelque rogavi omnium bonorum datorem (scit ille, qui nihil non scit, me non mentiri) unum, ut te orbi diu, etiam
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CL. SARRAVI means, not simply to preserve and keep, but to watch and, as it were, to lie in wait. As if Christ were saying: since (for here si enim is used for quia ) they observed my words with evil intent, in order to seize from them some handle for slander, they will also observe yours, so as likewise to harm you. And that our Lord experienced this is attested by Luke xx. 20. [etc] παρεπησων (John would have said πησων ) απεριπλαν , παρινομητικα διαίνεις , ἀυα, ἰνα ἀπιλάθωνται αυτή λόγω, είς ποιραδων αυτῶν, &c. This passage entirely illuminates the preceding one. Nor is this sense of the verb πησῶν, for to observe , unusual among pagan writers. One example already occurs in Scripture, Ecclesiastes XI. 4. πησῶν ἀντων ι απειδή βλέπων ἐν ἤαίς νεφίλαις ἐν ἰερίστι. Whoever would render it, “preserving” or “keeping the wind,” &c., would produce no sound sense at all. Therefore it must be said, as the common interpreters rightly do: “he that observeth the wind” (that is, too scrupulously) will not prosper. Farewell. Paris, the Ides of March. CIC XLVI. More than once in your books Maeris is praised the Atticist; has he been published anywhere? Or do you have him only from the manuscript copy in the Royal Library? For he seems to me a writer of the best sort, so much so that I would dare to copy him out in full for myself, were I not restrained by your authority. Warn him, uncertain what he may do, and support one who is wavering. Farewell again. EPISTLE CLX. CL. SALMASIUS to Claudio Sarravius. Leiden. It was as gratifying to me as it was least expected, that you carefully wrote to me about your health, now, as it were, completely restored. For I had heard it to be in such a condition that I feared everything rather than hoped for your sudden αναλοων recovery. Therefore GOD most excellent and greatest has heard the prayers of good men, and has graciously granted them; for which great benefit we thank Him from the bottom of our hearts in endless gratitude. But I would dare to ask you, again and again, that you would altogether lay aside at some point the spirit of warfare against those dark-minded fellows who are forever attacking you over loans or other trifles. Let three or four of them be thrashed in the Dialogues at some time. One Preface has already plucked the φοινικιαίον bare. If others of this kind are brought forward; there is good hope that all those baneful little birds can be stripped of their tongues in the same way. They may manage, and nearly anyone may manage, to make do with little writings of this sort; but you have so completely repelled them that, even if you publish nothing hereafter, they cannot think your silence to be their glory. Rather, write other things, as many as you can, worthy of you; with these, since your rivals are in no way equal, you will both exact splendid revenge on them, and have deserved excellently of good letters. Rummage through your chests, and bring forth something νο [etc] ἰασομενοιοι ποιηδ[us] αξιον. Either the Roman Military Treatise; or Arnobius’ Notes; or the Council of Elvira; or Notes on the New Testament—let all the desired things come forth. I beg you to pardon me if I press this point too often. But these two things I have once and for all asked of the giver of all good things (He knows, who knows everything, that I am not lying): one, that you may live long to the world, even
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ETIAM DE MEIS ANNIS, SUPERSTITEM INCOLUMEMQUE SERVARET; ALTERUM, UT QUAM LARGA MANU DEDIT TIBI ERUDITIONEM, ECCLESIAE SUÆ & FILII SUI GLORIAE IN EXPPLICATIONE NOVI FOEDERIS, OMISSIS LEVIUSCULIS & PROFANIS TRACTATIONIBUS, ADDICERET. HALCE LEGITIMAS PRECES MEAS, ITA DEMUM CREDAM AUIDIVISSE OMNIPOTENTEM & BONUM DEUM, SI TIBI ID PRÆSTARE SUASERIT, QUOD EGO IPSEUM ROGAVI. IMMO VERO UNI TIBI NEGANTI POTIUS CREDO, QUAM MILLENIS , VEL CUM JURAMENTO AFFIRMANTIBUS. ITA SENSI, ITA AD TE SCRIPSI, NIIHILQUE IN ME REPERIES QUOD HISCE OPPOSAS. UT AUTEM SCIASME EX ANIMO, & APERTE QUIDSENTIAM, JAM APUD TE PROSITERI, MISIT AD ME RIVETUS QUÆDAM EXCERPTA EX SIMPLICII VERINI EPISTOLA SANE NON INLEGANTIA, QUÆ TAMEN CREDERE NON POSSUM A TE UNQUAM MANASSE, CUM GENIUM TUUM NON REFERANT. UTINAM VERO QUOD SINCERE COGITO & DICO, POSSEM ALIIS ITIDEM PERSUADERE, UT PUTA GROTII VIDUÆ, QUÆ MULTAS ISTINE ACCEPIT LITERAS AB AFFINIBUS SUIS, QUIBUS MAGIS CREDIT, QUAM MIHI CONTRA NITENTI: PARUM ABEST, INQUIT, QUIN EDAH VIGINTI QUATUOR, QUAS HABEO, SALMASII AD MARITUM MEUM LITERAS, UT VIDEAT ORBIS QUANTUM EI VIVO DETULERIT, QUI JAM DEFUNCTUM CRUDELISSIME LACERAT. AT O CONJUX MEUS EUM SEMPER COLUIT; QUIN ETIAM SÆPISSIME IN LIBRIS SUIS HONORIFICE COMPELLAVIT. ET, UT AUDIO, ETIAM NU- PER IN NOVISSIMO OPERE EUM UNA LINEA CUM SCALIGERO LAUDAVIT, & MAGNOS VIROS NUNCUPAVIT. SED HÆC SUNT IRATÆ MULIERIS INANES QUERIMONIÆ. VERA TAMEN SUNT, QUÆ DE TE A MARITO SUO LAUDATO DICIT, & HABENTUR TOMO 2. ANNOT IN N. T. P. 611. TU VERO SUBIRATUS QUOQUE POSTREMUM AD ME SCRIPSISTI: & QUOD DOLEO, VIDEOR EGO TIBI MOLESTIAM ISTAM CREASSE, CUM IN GALRICIS DE IRÆ CLERI NOSTRI ADVERSUS TE REDINTEGRATIONE MONUI. SED NOSSI HOMINUM HUIUS SÆCULI INGENIA: VALENT IM- PETU, QUI SI SEMEL DESERBUERIT, VIX POSTEA AD PRIORA REDEUNT CONSILIA, DE QUIBUS NE QUIDEM COGITANT. DE TE APPARATUVE Tuo ALTISSIMUM JAM SILENTIUM. EX PRÆCIPITI IRACUNDIA EA RURSUM DECREVERANT, UT QUIBUS AD FINEM PERDUCENDIS ERANT IMPARES. NON MIROR SI INDE MOERREM ALIQUEM CONTRAXISTI, QUEM JAM DEBES DE- PONERE & PRISTINAM STUDIORUM ALACRITATEM CUM MELIORI VALETUDINE REPETERE. Nec remoram objiciant ullæ æmulorum vel etiam amicorum intempestivæ que- RELÆ. TIBI SCRIBE & POSTERIS, SI HÆC ÆTAS INIQUIOR LABORIBUS TUIS AD ÆTERNITA- TEM NATIS MINUS FAVET. QUANQUAM SI VERUM AMAMUS, NON EST QUOD DE EA GRA- VITER EXPOSTULES, CUM IN PRIMA ERUDITORUM CERA GRANDIBUS CHARA- CETERIBUS NOMEN TUUM SCRIPSERIT. VERUMTAMEN CUM TE IN OMNI DOCTRINA SUM- MUM PRÆDICET, NIIHIL NON EXCELSUM A TE EXPECTAT; DOLETQUE, CUM EXIMIA MULTA PRÆSTARE POSSIS, TE AD MINORA, LICET PER SE LAUDE DIGNA, DIVERTERE. VIDE ERGO, UT NOMINIS TUI NOBILITATEM & GLORIAM CONSTANTER TUEARIS, NEC INNATAM, QUAM IN TE AGNOLCIS GENEROSITATEM, PATERE ISTIS RUMUSCULIS INFRINGI. NOSTI ENIM SI PLACARE PARAS INVIDIAM VIRTUTE, SI NON RELICTA SALTEM SEPOSITA, QUID ITA DECERMENTIBUS POETA MINETUR. QUOD POSSUM PRECIBUS DEUM VENEROR, UT TE DIU SERVET CUM TOTA DOMO, INCOLUMEM. UXOR TE TUAMQUE SALUTAT. LUTETIÆ PARISIOR. IV. MAJI. CIC. IIC XLVI. CUM LIBRO MEO DE BELLO ILLYRICO & EPISTOLA SIMPLI- CII VERINI, MITTAS QUOQUE VELIM TRES R. SPANHEMII TOMOS DE G. U. SIRMONDI X 3 PRÆ-
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that he would preserve me also, surviving and unharmed; the other, that, with the liberal hand with which he gave you learning, he would devote it to the glory of his Church and of his son in the exposition of the New Covenant, setting aside the lighter and profane treatises. If he has read my lawful prayers, then at last I shall believe that the omnipotent and good God has heard me, if He has persuaded you to grant what I myself have asked of Him. Nay rather, I believe a denial from you alone, than from a thousand others, even when they affirm it under oath. So I thought, so I wrote to you, and you will find nothing in me to oppose these things. But that you may know what I feel from the heart and openly, I now confess to you that Rivet sent me certain excerpts from an epistle of Simplicius Verinus, certainly not inelegant, yet which I cannot believe could ever have come from you, since they do not bear your character. Would that I could likewise persuade others of what I sincerely think and say, as for example Grotius’s widow, who has received many letters from her kinsmen, whom she trusts more than me when I urge the contrary: “I am almost ready,” she says, “to publish the twenty-four letters of Salmasius that I have to my husband, so that the world may see how much he has shown favour to him while alive, and how cruelly he now rends him after his death. But my husband always respected him; indeed, he very often addressed him honorably in his books. And, as I hear, even recently in his latest work he praised him in a single line together with Scaliger, and called them great men.” But these are the empty complaints of an angry woman. Yet what she says of you, praised by her husband, is true, and is found in volume 2 of the Annotations on the New Testament, p. 611. But you too, being angered, wrote to me for the last time; and, to my sorrow, I seem to have caused you that annoyance, when in my letter on the Gallic troubles I warned you against the renewed anger of our clergy toward you. But we know the temper of the men of this age: they are carried away by impulse, and if it once desert them, they scarcely afterward return to their former counsels, of which they no longer even think. Concerning you and your work, there is now profound silence. In their sudden irritation they had again resolved things which they were unable to bring to an end. I do not wonder if from this you contracted some grief, which you now ought to lay aside and recover your former zeal for study together with better health. Let no untimely complaints from rivals or even friends place any delay in your way. Write for yourself and for posterity, if this age, more unfair to your labors born for eternity, shows you less favour. Although if we love the truth, there is no reason why you should complain bitterly about it, since it has written your name in large characters on the first tablet of the learned. Yet although it proclaims you supreme in all learning, it expects nothing less than excellence from you; and it grieves that, when you are able to accomplish many outstanding things, you turn to lesser matters, though worthy of praise in themselves. See therefore that you constantly preserve the nobility and glory of your name, and do not allow the generosity you recognize as innate in you to be broken by these little rumours. For you know, if you seek to appease envy by virtue, whether left aside or merely set apart, what the poet threatens to the quarrelsome. What I can do, I worship God in prayer, that He may preserve you for a long time, together with your whole household, unharmed. Your wife sends greetings to you and yours. From Paris, 4 May 1646. With my book on the Illyrian War and the epistle of Simplicius Verinus, I should also like you to send the three volumes of R. Spanheim on G. U. Sirmondus.
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166 CL. S A R R A V I I prædestinatum cum Auvrai animadversionibus a Blaewio Amstelodamensi re- cusis, & Vossii nostri Ignatium. Quod solveris pretium, refundum cum gra- tiarum actione. Iterum vale & de promissa textus Epicteteisanatione cum be- ne erit, quæso precorque cogita. E P I S T O L A CLXI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lagdamum Batavorum. Quotidie magis magisque gaudeo, feliciter tibi processisse, difficili in morbo, tui ipsius curationem; quod tamen ipsi etiam medici, inter- dictum sibi esse, ex veteri communique scito contendunt voluntque. Tu vero qui omnia, & te quoque apprime nosti, ideoque facilem reperisti curandi me- thodum, quam illi invenire fere desperabant. Sic laus DEO uni, qui tibi istam compotem rectricemque bonam mentem, etiam in malis, largitus est: perpe- tuaque hæc, aliaque sua munera, faxit. Cum hæc vota mihi sint valde fami- liaria, nec minus sincera, quod non dubito tibi esse certissimum, tua tamen Caia me tui pene interfectorem libenter nuncuparet: Tu unus e multis, inquit, mavis eum hic cito occidere, quam in patria diu vivere. Non ferrem in alia istam sive animi sive calami iniquitatem: cui jam indulgere potius juvat, quam ejus implacabile erga istud coelum ingenium, frustra edomandum suscipere. Advenere tandem tomi Spanhemiani, e quibus, antequam eos ad compactorem mitterem, pauca delibavi. Hoc illi præcipue studium fuisse video, ut ad omnia ex adversarii præscripto accurate responderet. Quicquid autem contra urgeat, non suaderem Amyraldo eandem viam calcare. Ita enim necesse esset, omnia quæ inter eos hactenus disputata sunt, sæpius sæpiusque recudere, & mole re- petitæ prælectionis lectores obruere, saltem tædio ingrato & inutili aff- cere. Sed illi viderint. Ubi opus integrum penitus, si liceat, inspexe- ro, sententiam meam libere, ut soleo, dicam. Ea tamen lege, ut tu quo- que, dum hisce meis respondebis, judicium tuum non omittas: Quod ha- c tenus neglexisse te non possum satis mirari. Et hoc postremum, si libet, erit tibi epistolæ & prolixæ & eruditæ non ingratum argumentum. Cre- do, Arasionense Principe parum valente, Foederatarum istarum Provin- ciarum Militiam parum hoc anno processuram. Idemque de tua suspicari li- bet, quam illius fere tantum causa scribere aggressus es. Sed Divinæ Militiæ semper studere oportet. Quod, dum facio quando vacat, et t[ame]n t[ame]n t[ame]n Theu[m] pænepliæ quam explicat Apostolus Epistolæ ad Ephesios capite vi. 1 3. 14. &c. plurima occurrunt armaturæ genera, quibus fateor me non posse indui, cum ea non sa- tis intelligam. Clypeum fidei, quia quid esset dixit, facile capio. Sed reli- liqua; nempe ~~s[un]t p[ro]p[ter] pænepolimeno t[ame]n [con]s[ui]d[er]um [con]s[ui]d[er]ia, [n]o[n] [con]s[ui]d[er]o pænemeno t[ame]n p[ro]p[ter] p[ræ]dæc[entem] et p[ro]p[ter] pænepolæiæ t[ame]n Evangelia t[ame]n p[ræ]cipua, Item [con]s[ui]d[er]at[ur] pænepolæiæ & pænepolæalia t[ame]n p[ræ]cipua, & pænepolæiæ pænemæt[ur], quam pæn[im] habent cum
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166 CL. SARRAVII predestined, with Auvrai’s notes reprinted by Blaeuw of Amsterdam, and our Vossius’s Ignatius. Whatever price you have paid, I will refund it with thanks. Farewell again, and please think about the promised emendation of Epictetus’ text when it is well. EPISTLE CLXI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Every day more and more I rejoice that, in your difficult illness, your own treatment has gone so well; though the doctors themselves also contend and wish that this should be forbidden to them, according to the old and common saying. But you, who know everything, and yourself especially well, have therefore found an easy method of cure, one which they had almost despaired of discovering. So praise be to GOD alone, who has granted you that sound and governing mind, even in misfortune; and may He continue to grant these and His other gifts. Since these wishes are very familiar to me, and no less sincere—which, I have no doubt, is absolutely certain to you—your Caia would now gladly call me almost your murderer: “You alone among many,” she says, “would rather see him die here quickly than live long in his own country.” I would not endure such injustice, whether of mind or pen, in another; rather, I am now inclined to indulge it, than to undertake the vain task of subduing a spirit so implacable toward that sky. At last the volumes of Spanheim have arrived, and from them, before sending them to the binder, I sampled a few things. I see that his chief aim was to answer everything accurately according to the adversary’s outline. But whatever he presses against it, I would not advise Amyraldus to tread the same path. For then it would be necessary to reprint again and again everything that has so far been disputed between them, and to overwhelm readers with the bulk of repeated reading, or at least afflict them with an unpleasant and useless weariness. But let them see to that. When I have examined the whole work thoroughly, if I may, I shall freely state my opinion, as is my custom. On this condition, however: that you too, when you reply to these words of mine, do not omit your judgment, which I cannot but greatly wonder that you have neglected thus far. And this last point, if you wish, will provide an ungrateful enough subject for a long and learned letter. I believe that, with the Prince of Orange not in good health, the militia of those United Provinces will not progress much this year. And I am inclined to suspect the same of yours, on account of which alone you have taken up your pen to write. But one must always strive after the divine militia. As I do this whenever I have leisure, et t[ame]n t[ame]n t[ame]n Theu[m] pænepliæ there occur many kinds of armor, as the Apostle explains in the Epistle to the Ephesians, chapter vi, verses 13, 14, and so on; and I confess that I cannot put them on, since I do not sufficiently understand them. The shield of faith, because he said what it was, I easily grasp. But the rest; namely ~~s[un]t p[ro]pter pænepolimeno t[ame]n [con]s[ui]d[er]um [con]s[ui]d[er]ia, [n]o[n] [con]s[ui]d[er]o pænemeno t[ame]n p[ro]pter p[ræ]dæc[entem] et p[ro]pter pænepolæiæ t[ame]n Evangelia t[ame]n p[ræ]cipua, Item [con]s[ui]d[er]at[ur] pænepolæiæ & pænepolæalia t[ame]n p[ræ]cipua, & pænepolæiæ pænemæt[ur], quam pæn[im] habent cum
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EPISTOLÆ. 167 cum virtutibus Christiani militis, paratus sum discere, si tibi libeat me docere. De secundo Verini libro, cogita quæso rationem aliquam, qua possit ad me citissime devenire. Non enim credas quam impatienter istiusmodi omnia desiderem. Si ille fortunam minus reverenter habet, quamvis Dea etiam cum conviciis aliquando bene colatur, non debet illi mirum videri, si ab ea itidem parum commode habeatur. Nec enim semper ita cæca est, quin aliquando erga se prensantes benigna videatur. Vale Lutetiæ Parisior. Nonis Majis. c13 13C XLVI. EPISTOLA CLXII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Cum dixi non inelegantia mihi visa esse, ad me missa excerpta ex Simplicii Verini Epistola, ejus auctori nihil detractum volui, quasi minus eleganter scripta forent, aut [mercurius] [mercurius] essent verba mea intelligenda. Quin potius ea esse elegantissima sensi, quibusque non leviter afficerer. Ita T. Livius haudquaquam spernendum auctorem Polybium dixit, oratione figurata, cum præcipuæ auctoritatis historicum significarer. Ita Matthæus vel potius Micheas, de Bethleemo [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius], cum vellet eam urbem magni facere & extollere, quod Christi prima incunabula esset habitura. Nec tu ista docendus es; Ethæc tantum addidi, ut morem tibi gererem, qui me verborum meorum interpretationem rogavisti. Absit enim ut summi, quisquis ille sit, viri meritissimas laudes, frigida & vituperationi proximalaudatione voluerim elevare. Cum autem postea dixi ea genium tuum non referre, sic arbitrabar, pauca ea, quæ tum mihi tantum visa erant, fragmenta, scripta esse operosius, quam pro tuo more, qui omnem fere ornatum negligere soleas. Iam vero ubi totum opus lustrare & delibare contigit beneficio amici, qui mihi ad paucas horas ejus usuram fecit, liberius dico & prædico Simplicium Verinum virum esse, cujus pectus multijugi eruditione foetum, possit imo & debeat inter apprime doctos hujus ætatis viros, inter generosos & multiplici lectione admirandos, merito suo censeri. Vis ejus laudes uno verbo absolvam, SALMASIO SEDERE POTEST PROXIMUS, NULLO INTERVALLO. Scire te oportet Germani hominis foetum in conceptum & editum fuisse; inde enim poterit in Dialogo alicujus festivi loci captari occasio. Quæ pro Heinsio adducit circa Aristotelis locum, iteratam discussionem tuam requirere videntur; nam in reliquis, quæ ipsam controversiam spectant, [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius], In quo desino. Vale. Tibi tuæque a me meaque plurimam salutem. Lutetiæ Parisior. Idibus Majis. c13 13C XLVI. EPI-
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with the virtues of a Christian soldier, I am ready to learn, if you are pleased to teach me. As for the second book of Verinus, please think of some way by which it may come to me as quickly as possible. For you would not believe how impatiently I desire such things. If he has less reverence for Fortune, although even a goddess may sometimes be well honored with reproaches, he ought not to think it strange if he is likewise rather unkindly treated by her. For she is not always so blind that at times she does not seem favorable to those who court her. Farewell, at Paris. The Nones of May. c13 13C XLVI. EPISTLE CLXII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. When I said that the extracts from Simplicius Verinus’s Epistle, which were sent to me, seemed to me not inelegant, I did not wish to detract anything from their author, as though they had been written less elegantly, or as though my words were to be understood [mercurius] [mercurius]. Rather I felt that they were most elegant, and that I was not a little affected by them. Thus T. Livy called Polybius by no means a writer to be despised, using a figurative expression, when he was indicating a historian of chief authority. Thus Matthew, or rather Micah, [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius], when he wished to make that city great and exalt it, because it was to have Christ’s first cradle. Nor are you in need of being taught these things; I added them only to oblige you, who asked me for an interpretation of my words. For far be it from me to have wished to diminish the most deserved praises of so great a man, whoever he may be, with a cold eulogy bordering on blame. But when afterward I said that those things did not reflect your genius, I thought that the few fragments which then seemed to me to have been written more elaborately than is customary with you—since you are wont to neglect all ornament almost entirely. Now, however, when I have been able, thanks to a friend who lent me the use of it for a few hours, to examine and taste the whole work, I say more freely and proclaim that Simplicius Verinus is a man whose mind, fruitful in manifold learning, may and ought deservedly to be counted among the eminently learned men of this age, among the noble and with varied reading admirable men. If I were to sum up his praises in one word: HE CAN SIT NEXT TO SALMASIUS, WITH NO GAP BETWEEN. You ought to know that the offspring of the German man has been conceived and born; from that, indeed, there may be an occasion in the Dialogue for some amusing passage to be seized upon. What he adduces on behalf of Heinsius concerning Aristotle’s passage seems to require your renewed discussion; for in the remaining matters that concern the controversy itself, [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius] [mercurius]. On which point I stop. Farewell. My very many regards from me and mine to you and yours. At Paris, the Ides of May. c13 13C XLVI. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. NOn tantum proterve & insolenter facit Amstelodamensis, qui te lacessit, Anonymous; sed etiam immaniter & tota via aberrat, qui te vult gloriamque tui nominis Grotii de te laudationibus acceptam referre. Illas enim ei olim expressit cum veritate meritorum tuorum, mutuus amor, quas postea summæ eruditionis tuæ vel reverentia, vel metus extorsit. Certe ab eo, quo illi innotuisti tempore, vix aliquid scripsit, quin tui cum præfatione honoris & luculento elogio meminerit. Nec maligne tantum laudavit velut æmulum, sed etiam liberali manu meritam capiti tuo aptavit coronam. Num enim, qui Salmasium Incomparabilis doctrinæ virum & decus faculi agnoscit & prædicat, is liquido affirmat, se nihil in litteris majus invenire, quod in coelum tollat? Tu vero quem calumniantur , quasi eum vivum ausus non fuisse limis intueri, ostendisti, Grotium parum metuendum tibi fuisse adversarium. Ex quo enim a vera orbita in religionis negotio deflexit, captasti occasionem, toto biennio antequam fato fungeretur, eum illudendi, certe irritandi. Sic enim accipio non paucas ejus reprehensiones, & in eum animadversiones, quas libris tuis cum Funeris & Commentarii de Hellenistica, tum etiam Miscellarum Defensionum satis crebras inspersisti, nec semper ejus tacito nomine, quod aliquoties expressim legitur notatum. Cæterum miror te Simplicii epistolam malum fætum dicere ausum, cum sublimis spiritus opusculum eam merito credam. Quis enim validiori impetu Iesuitas & Romanenses aggreditur? Te uno excepto nemo. Quis fortioribus machinis Babylonis mysticæ muros subruit? Idem habeto responsum. Mihi quod ex ea legi pusillum, mirifice placuit Ut autem omnino fidem facias te non esse legitimum istius, licet nobilissimi filii, parentem, consultum fortean foret, in proximo quodcunque a te prodibit opere istam sive invidiam, sive injuriam a te amoliri. Ita tamen ut constet adversus hostem, qui etiam mortuus veram religionem insectatur, omnem hominem esse militem. Præterea, an postumo libropotuit aliter responderi, quam post humatum ejus patrem? An non licet in defunctos perduellionis reos lege agere? Quod autem infamiæ poena, quæ post mortem irrogatur, non sit semper frustranea, docet Milesiarum Virginum exemplum. Sed de his satis, imo plus satis. Vale. Lutetiæ Parisior. Calendis Iuniis. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Omnia narrare inquiebat ille, vigilantis est. Tu vero non inelegans mihi senarrasti. Licet autem ista juveni tibi visa sint, credis tamen, ita
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. The Amsterdam man who provokes you acts not only arrogantly and insolently, but the anonymous writer also goes utterly astray and far from the path when he wants to ascribe to you, through Grotius’s praises of you, the glory of your name. For those praises were once drawn from him by the truth of your merits through mutual affection; later, either reverence for, or fear of, your great learning wrung them from him. Certainly, from the time when you became known to him, he scarcely wrote anything without mentioning you with an honorable preface and a glowing commendation. Nor did he praise you merely spitefully, as a rival, but with a liberal hand he also fitted a crown to your deserving head. For does not he who acknowledges and proclaims Salmasius as a man of incomparable learning and the glory of the age clearly affirm that he finds nothing greater in letters to exalt to heaven? But you, whom they slander as though you had not even dared to look askance at him while he was alive, have shown that Grotius was not a very formidable opponent to you. For ever since he departed from the true path in the matter of religion, you seized the opportunity, during the whole two years before he met his fate, to mock him, certainly to irritate him. So I take the many criticisms of his, and the attacks on him, which you have sprinkled through your works, both in the Funer? and the Commentary on Hellenistic, and also quite frequently in the Miscellanies of Defences, and not always under his silent name, which is expressly noted more than once. Besides, I wonder that you dared to call Simplicius’s letter a monstrosity, when I believe it to be a work of lofty spirit. For who attacks the Jesuits and the Romanists with greater force? No one except you. Who demolishes the walls of mystical Babylon with stronger engines? The same answer applies. What little I read of it pleased me greatly. But so that you may make it wholly clear that you are not the true father of that work, though it is the son of a most noble man, perhaps it would be wise, in whatever work you bring out next, to remove that envy, or rather that injury, from yourself. Yet let it still be evident against an enemy who, even dead, pursues true religion, that every man is a soldier. Moreover, could a posthumous book be answered in any other way than after its father had been buried? Is it not permitted to proceed by law against the dead as traitors? And that the punishment of infamy, which is imposed after death, is not always futile, the example of the Milesian Virgins shows. But enough of these things, indeed more than enough. Farewell. Paris, on the Kalends of June. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. “He used to say that to tell everything is the mark of one who keeps watch.” But you, in a rather neat way, have recounted these things to me. Yet although these things may have seemed youthful to you, you still believe that it is thus
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EPISTOLA. 169 ita sentio, cuilibet tuæ ætati apprime idem convenire. Certe si sole in ipso, pleno meridie jam legeres Romanum TPIKAPHNON velle te sibi assumere in consortem suæ omnipotentiæ Papalis, modo properares in media Romæ saburra comparere; non dubito te pro tua prudentia, istiusmodi inscriptioni fidem non adhibiturum, quamvis sine ullis Notis aut Siglis facillime legeretur. Quia merito dices, Me vestigia terrent, &c. At somnos tibi pavore ausero. Imo audi magnum & terribilem tibi paratum adversarium, quique jam sit in procinctu, ut sese tibi sistat, & pedem pede urgeat servidus. Virum dudum nosti, quoque turbine hastam torqueat non ignoras, licet ejus validissimos ictus aliquando eluseris. Is est Jo. Artisius, alias de Manibus Parisiensium juris Pontificii Doctorum professor decanus. Totum semestre tempus adversariæ scriptioni impendit assiduus. Nihil habet scilicet Roma terribilius, quod Apparatui opponat. Nulli fortiori brachio potuit Capitolinus Jupiter fulmina sua, quæ in te ferocientem vibraret, committere. Jocari me arbitraris vel serio agere. Certe jocor, vel potius indignor; adeo miseret me Romanensis causæ, quæ ad tales sui defensores redacta sit. Hic sane levissimæ armaturæ non tyro, sed veteranus, parum dignus est, qui nobilem ensem tuum suo sanguine imbuat. Itaque parce precor, parce deliro seni & potius feriarilibeat, imo & , quam ad ista ridicula confutanda descendere. Ubi Triarii surrexerint, tu quoque move fortiter lacertos, & bella horrida bella gerantur. Tu & Tua a nobis Valete. Lutetiæ Paris. Prid. Idus Junias. c13 DC XLVI. EPISTOLA CLXV. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasso. Ludunum Batavorum. Ad me tandem rediit Faustinus Simplicius, comite assumpto Simplicio Verino, pro quibus magnas habeo agoque gratias. Hic iterum accuratius lectus pulchrior & excellentior visus est. Valde placet quod ibi de Primatu Pontificis R. disquiritur, quem, prout ab eo usurpatur, Suprematum vocare ait fore consultius. Quid si eum novo, sed vero vocabulo, a magno Paulo Veneto solerter excogitato, Totatum dicamus? Ita enim ille in idio designet. Quid enim aliis relinquit, dum omnia sibi plenissimo jure vindicat? Cæterum noli credere tibi illusisse Ordines, cum amplius honorarium pronunciarunt. Quin potius ex more nostro in extremum annum ejus præstationem esse rejectam: hoc enim dudum heic circa hujusmodi negotia invaluit. An enim istic quoque perit publica fides, quæ jam dudum heic omnem pudorem cum meretricia fronte commutavit? haud facile crediderim. Nostris Gallis sit hæc propria laus & gloria, vel potius, quid enim jocari juvat? pudenda infamia. Vigeant vero istic
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EPISTOLA. 169 I think so, that it would be very suitable to your age. Certainly if, under the sun itself, at full midday, you were already reading the Roman TPIKAPHNON, wishing to take you into the fellowship of its papal omnipotence, provided only you hastened to appear in the very middle of Rome’s mire; I do not doubt that, in your prudence, you would not give credit to such an inscription, though it could easily be read without any notes or sigla. For you would rightly say, “The footprints terrify me,” etc. But I will drive sleep from you through fear. Nay, listen to the great and terrible adversary prepared for you, who is now already in readiness to present himself to you and, as a servant, press foot against foot. You have long known the man, and you do not ignore by what whirlwind he hurls his spear, though you may sometimes have eluded his strongest blows. He is Jo. Artisius, otherwise of the Manes of the Parisian doctors of canon law, professor and dean. He spends the whole semester persistently on adversarial writing. Rome, of course, has nothing more terrible to oppose to the Apparatus. To no stronger arm could Capitoline Jupiter have entrusted his thunderbolts, which he would hurl against you in his rage. You think I am jesting or speaking seriously. Indeed I jest, or rather I am indignant; so much do I pity the Roman cause, reduced to such defenders. This man certainly is no novice but a veteran in the lightest sort of armor, and hardly worthy to dye your noble sword with his blood. Therefore spare, I beg you, spare an old fool, and rather, if you please, strike, yes even that, than descend to refute these absurdities. When the Triarii have risen, do you too move your arms vigorously, and let dreadful wars be waged. Farewell, you and yours, from us. Paris, Prid. Id. of June, 1646. EPISTOLA CLXV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Ludunum Batavorum. At last Faustinus Simplicius has returned to me, with Simplicius Verinus taken as companion, for whom I owe and give great thanks. This one, read again more carefully, appeared more beautiful and excellent. I greatly like that there inquiry is made into the Primacy of the Roman Pontiff, which, as it is exercised by him, he says it would be more prudent to call the Supremacy. What if we were to call it, with a new but true word, cleverly devised by the great Paulus Venetus, the Totatum? For thus indeed he designates it in the idio. For what is left to others, when he claims everything for himself by the fullest right? Moreover, do not believe that the Orders have deceived you when they pronounced the honorarium to be more than that. Rather, according to our custom, its payment has been deferred to the final year; for this has long been the established practice here in matters of this kind. For does public faith also fail there, since here long ago it has exchanged all shame for a harlot’s brow? I would scarcely believe it. Let this be the special praise and glory of our Frenchmen, or rather—what is the use of joking?—their shameful infamy. But let there flourish there
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CL. S A R R A V I I istic pudor, simplicitas, modestia, veritas & fides, quæ, postremam intel- ligo, ut ait Tullius, Dictorum & conventorum constantia sic est appellata, quia fiat quod dictum est. Si enim civilis hæc & humana virus istinc quoque exulat, alias vel cum barbaris ipsisquære sedes. Ab iis enim decipi & falli bonum virum nihil mirum: ubi vero exuberare debet bona fides, eam reperiundam non esse omnino ex tuu[m] αφορήτω mihi videatur. Sed hoc avertat DEUS, quem rogo tibi tuisque semper benignum. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Paris. xxix. Iunii. CIC 13C XLVI. E P I S T O L A CLXVI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. P Aucis contentus eris si lubet. Haud enim belle est mihi ex catarrho, qui dextram vultus faciem invasit, & triduum decumbere coegit: & vetant me- dici libros & calamum attingere. Mecum communicavit Bochardus consilium vestrum de se ad vos vocando. Scilicet omnia eximia vobis debentur. Sed multa votis vestris intercedent. Utinam vero cogitare velletis de Blondello nostro, qui hic plane ad alienum scribit & vivit arbitrium. Posset istic, honora- riæ fungens professionis munere, singulis annis singulos Annalistæ Tomos confodere & alia, quæ mortalium nemo queat præstare, ad Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ purissimum intellectum. Idem scribo Riveto: hoc agite: nos adjutorem ha- bebitis. Alternis ergo deinceps tu & Verinus scribetis, ita sit. Bene enim semper erit nostris literis, quandiu unum ex illis audiemus docentem. Pergam optare utinam uno, quod tamen abominor, fato functo, alter totum decen- nium supersit. Sed adeo mutuo ardetis amore, plane similibus animis, ut uno perdito, alterum non simus amplius habituri. Corporibus geminis spiritus unus inest. De libro Sp. si hic sis aliter sentias. Amyraldo nostro haud adeo φορλανον erit istud onus, ac existimas. Vir solers & alias copiosissimus omnia ro- gatus est paucis expedire, & faciet. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parisior. v. Iulii. CIC 13C XLVI. E P I S T O L A CLXVII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. P Ro brevissimo, quod parum sanus scripseram, epistolio, bene longas a te accepi literas & vel eo solo nomine gratissimas. Laterem lavarem si de Blondello istuc mittendo laborarem, Professionis ut plenariæ munus impleret. Non enim is est, qui ista ætate possit publice Latine loquendi provinciam in- cipere aut suscipere: nec forsan si possit, eo quo jam fruitur otio, velit. Ita- que alio quolibet, quam huc, spes vestras dirigite. Nam neque etiam recte de Bo-
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CL. SARRAVIUS modesty, simplicity, humility, truth, and faith, which, to understand the last, as Tully says, is called constancy in what is said and agreed, because what has been said is carried out. For if this civil and human virtue too is banished from there, seek your dwelling elsewhere, even among the barbarians themselves. For a good man to be deceived and deluded by them is nothing wonderful; but where good faith ought to abound, that it cannot be found at all seems to me beyond endurance. But may GOD avert this, whom I pray to be always gracious to you and yours. Farewell and love me. At Paris, 29 June. CIC 13C XLVI. EPISTLE CLXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. You will be content with a few words, if you please. For I am not at all well from a catarrh, which has attacked the right side of my face and has forced me to lie down for three days; and the doctors forbid me to touch books and pen. Bochardus communicated to me your plan of calling him to you. Truly, everything excellent is owed to you. But many things will stand in the way of your wishes. Would that you would think of our Blondel, who here plainly writes and lives at another’s will. There, serving under the title of an honorary professorship, he could each year cut through individual volumes of the Annals and other things which no mortal could perform, for the pure understanding of Ecclesiastical History. I write the same to Rivet: do this, and you will have a helper from us. So in future let you and Verinus write alternately, if that be so. For it will always be well for our letters, so long as we hear one of them teaching. I shall continue to wish that, though I dread it, when one has died, the other may survive a whole decade. But you burn with mutual love so strongly, with minds so alike, that if one is lost, we shall no longer have the other. In twin bodies there is one spirit. If you were here, you would think differently about the book of Sp. For our Amyraldus, that burden will not be so φορλανον as you think. A shrewd man, and otherwise most copious, was asked to set everything forth briefly, and he will do it. Farewell and continue to love me. At Paris, 5 July. CIC 13C XLVI. EPISTLE CLXVII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. For the very brief note, which I had written when not quite in my right mind, I received from you very long letters, and for that reason alone most welcome. I would wash bricks if I were to trouble myself about sending Blondel there, so that he might fulfill the function of a full professorship. For he is not the man who, at this age, can begin or undertake the task of speaking Latin publicly; nor perhaps, if he could, would he wish it in the leisure he now enjoys. Therefore direct your hopes elsewhere than hither. For neither is it right even concerning Bo-
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E P I S T O L A E. 171 Bochardo cogitabitis, quanquam non ingratum ei foret ea de re rogari. Ut possis tu quoque huc vocari istis, quæ nuper placuerant, conditionibus, vercor ut factu facile sit; nimis adhuc recente vulnere a tuo Apparatu. Si tamen Salmasius & Verinus ex pacto convento in posterum de Theologicis Ecclesiasticisve riti- bus vel dogmatibus silerent, & ad Militiam Romanam vel ad Botanicem, aut quid- vis hujusmodi, diverterent, existimo post homines nostros priora erga incomparabilem virum studia repetere. At si unus eorum pergat de sacrificio, satisfa- ctione aut poenitentia commentari, frustra disparia jungere cogitas. Viderint ergo illi, quid velint. Nam utrumque conticescere omnino necesse est, ut alteruter optatis potiatur. Hinc vides mihi impendio probari propositum tuum mitioribus studiis dandi, omissis cum suo Papa Papistis, imo ipsis Loyalitis. Si tantundem possis a Verino obtinere, omnia belle procedent. De filio tuo, tot militiæ tyrocinia frustra adhuc merente, mirari subit: magis tamen mira- rer, si nesciret te hactenus parum curasse illius gratiam demereri, qui facile potest eum ad altiorem gradum promovere. Quanquam credam non defuisse tibi rationes, quibus id non feceris: tamen fieri potest ut ista tua cessatione utantur æmuli, ut Principis erga te benignitatem retardent. Ajunt Millete- rium parare Grotio nescio quas vindicias de controversia Ecclesiastica. Nihil reponas. Sed nec Simplicius, tibi satis amicus, ut sincere roganti tibi hanc suam si forte injuriam largiatur. Valete ambo diutissime. Ego ac mea te tuam- que salvere optamus. Lutetiæ Parisior. xxvi. Iulii. CIO DE XLVI. E P I S T O L A CLXVIII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Natavorum. E Go ut scribam quis è Petrus Aurelius? μεγα μι αιτιν, è δων. Ille enim adeolatuit, latetve ut sibi notissimus, præterea ignotus omnibus, sit, fueritve. Nec enim formidolosæ societatis minis potuit addu- ci vir generosissimus simul & prudentissimus, ut personam deponeret: nec me- tu dempto, promissis honorariis, ab hujus regni Præsulibus, ut sese illorum conventui sisteret. Ante quinquennium Clerus Gallicanus immortalibus ejus scriptis hunc honorem a se deberi arbitratus est, ut publicis typis suo mandato & sumptibus excuderentur. Iterum hoc ipso anno, eodem curante, recusa sunt, & addidit Monchalius quod vidisti elogium. Hæc totius rei gestæ series, quæ nihil Primatum tuum spectat: nisi forsan quia tibi, Aurelio & Verino idem hostilis exercitus, nempe Loyaliticus venit debellandus. Gaudeo te huic po- stremo Heroi Polemica omnia etiam tua demandare, nec sane impar est isti one- ri. Quicquid mussitet vel etiam clamitet Holstenius, non is est qui velit possitve adversus Simplicium contentionis funem ducere. Cæterum nihil est quod huic postremo heroi, qui tua tibi suffuratur, invideos, cum non invito ea domino con- tre- Y 2
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E P I S T O L A E. 171 Bochardo you will think of it, though it would not be unwelcome to him to be asked about that matter. So that you too may be summoned here on those conditions which lately were agreeable, I fear it will be easy enough to do; the wound from your apparatus is still too fresh. If, however, Salmasius and Verinus, by mutual agreement, were hereafter to be silent on theological or ecclesiastical rites or doctrines, and were to turn to Roman warfare or botany, or anything of that sort, I think that, after our men, they might resume their earlier studies in behalf of that incomparable man. But if one of them goes on writing about sacrifice, satisfaction, or penance, you will be wasting your time if you think of joining dissimilar things together. Let them therefore see what they want. For it is altogether necessary that both should keep silent, if either is to obtain what he desires. Hence you see that I greatly approve your plan of devoting yourself to gentler studies, with the Papists, indeed, and their Pope omitted, and even the Loyalists themselves. If you can obtain as much from Verinus, everything will go splendidly. As for your son, who has so long and vainly served his apprenticeship in arms, I cannot help wondering; yet I should wonder more if he did not know that up to now you have cared little to win the favor of the man who can easily advance him to a higher rank. Although I believe you had your reasons for not doing so, still it may happen that your adversaries will make use of this delay of yours to hinder the Prince’s goodwill toward you. They say that Milletérius is preparing some reprisals against Grotius concerning the ecclesiastical controversy. Do not answer. But neither should Simplicius, though quite your friend, fail, if you sincerely ask him, to grant you this favor in place of any injury. Farewell both of you for a very long time. My household and I wish health to you and yours. At Paris, 26 July, 1646. E P I S T O L A CLXVIII. C. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. How am I to write who is Petrus Aurelius? μεγα μι αιτιν, ἐδῶν. For he has hidden himself so well, or rather remains hidden, that, though known to himself most of all, he has been and is unknown to everyone else. Nor could that most noble and at the same time most prudent man be induced, by the threats of a formidable society, to lay aside his assumed character; nor, when fear was removed, by the promise of honors from the prelates of this kingdom, to present himself before their assembly. Five years ago the Gallican Clergy judged that these immortal writings of his deserved this honor from them, namely that they should be printed in public type by their order and at their expense. Again, in this very year, under the same supervision, they were reprinted, and Monchalius added the eulogy you saw. This is the whole sequence of the affair, which has nothing to do with your Primacy, unless perhaps because to you, Aurelius, and Verinus the same hostile army, namely the Loyalist one, has to be defeated. I am glad that you entrust all polemical matters even of your own to this latter hero, and indeed he is equal to such a burden. Whatever Holstenius mutters or even shouts, he is not the man who wishes or is able to draw the rope of contention against Simplicius. Moreover, there is nothing in this last hero, who steals your own from you, that I envy, since the master does not object when those things are taken from him. Y 2
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Luzdunum Batavorum. Atam fidem facile exsolvam: promiseram nempe me ad te diligenter per- scripturum, quicquid e responderet meæ querimoniæ, de honorario promisso non exhibito. At ille plane siluit: quasi ea de re nullum a me verbum factum esset. Idem ille vir bonus ad me postremum scripsit, quasi a te accipere deberem plaustrum convitiorum, pro excerpto, ex quadam, ita inquit, mea epistola ad H. Vossium, quod tibi visum te acriter urat. Ego vero nullius erga te culpæ affinem me sentio, & apud conscientiæ meæ tribunal, quæ mille testibus potior mihi est, absolvi mercor. Cum præterea sciam me plusquam senis abhinc mensibus nihil litterarum ad eruditissimum adolescentem dedisse. Certe nisi candidum & apertum animum tuum & vere Gallicam satis olim perspexissem, graviter de te expostularem, quod apud alios me accusares, mihi autem ipsi parceres. Jam vero malo credere ab homine versipelle has mihi structas esse insidias, quam te tibi non esse similem. Si quod tamen, quod absit, mihi ambiguum vel etiam clarius dictum esset, quo in tuam offensionem incurrissem, paratus sum vel obscura explicare, vel etiam culpam agnoscere. Quicquid sit, quid istud rei sit, fac quæso resciscam. Utinam autem ea esset mea auctoritas, quæ te posset huc revocare: omnes nervos intenderem, id ut statim perficeres. Non quod ab antiqua mea sententia ullo modo recedam, sed quia illis, apud quos degis, mutatis, tu quoque, quod minime miror, mutatus videris. Iam autem vix existimem id fieri a quoquam posse, propter rationes quas nuper allegavi, & quæ forsan post aliquod tempus minimi erunt
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Leiden, in the Batavian lands. I shall easily repay your firm faith: for I had promised that I would diligently write to you whatever reply I received to my complaint about the promised honorarium not having been paid. But he was completely silent, as if I had said nothing at all on the matter. That same good man wrote to me at last, as though I ought to receive from you a cartload of insults in return for an excerpt from a certain letter of mine to H. Vossius, which, he says, seemed to you to sting you sharply. For my part, I feel myself guilty of no offense toward you, and before the tribunal of my own conscience, which is worth more to me than a thousand witnesses, I deserve acquittal. Moreover, I know that for more than six months I have sent no letters to that most learned young man. Certainly, had I not long since clearly perceived your candid and open mind, and truly French enough, I should complain bitterly to you that you accuse me to others while sparing me yourself. But now I would rather believe that these snares have been laid for me by some fickle-minded man than that you are unlike yourself. If, however, which God forbid, something ambiguous or even more plainly expressed by me had been said, by which I might have incurred your displeasure, I am ready either to explain what is obscure or even to acknowledge fault. Whatever the case may be, I beg you to let me know what this matter is. Would only my influence be such as could bring you back here: I would strain every nerve to bring it about at once. Not that I in any way depart from my old opinion, but because, the circumstances among those with whom you are staying having changed, you too seem changed, which I am not at all surprised at. And now I can scarcely think that this can be done by anyone, because of the reasons I recently set forth, and which perhaps after some time will be of very little weight
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ERISTOLÆ. 173 erunt ponderis. Interea nihil arbitror temere movendum, sed tempus expe- ctandum commodius. Quod addis, ut Riveto gratifices, me velle te istic esse Professorem honorarium, plane non intelligo. Imo nunquam volui, & scio te semper hunc titulum rejecisse. Libentiissime videbo secundam quam polliceris Verini Epistolam, uti & Grotii ad te literas, de quarum exemplis, quorum spem facis, maximas ago gratias. Valde tempestive tuæ ad Pricæum advenere. Ille enim in Angliam heri repatriavit, erga Galliam nostram pessime, nec imme- rito, animatus. Accepit humanitatis tuæ luculentum testimonium cum debita significatione gratiarum actionis. Ego quoque non parum eo nomine tibi de- beo. Vale vir summe & me, ut facis, amare perge. Lutetiæ Parisior. III. Aug. CIC IC XLVI. EPISTOLA CLXX. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Luddunum Batavorum. Semper mihi gratissimum est abs te doceri. Ita hodie discrimen, quod inter- cedit inter Profe i lores honorarios & emeritos, non sine voluptate edoctus sum. Sed quærere libet, quare hæc tu mihi sæpiuscule oggeras? Istorum neu- tri te nunquam adcensui, quod scio rem & nomen studiole esse semper aversa- tum. Quam recte Rivetus se Professorem honorarium dicivelit, quove ani- mo id faciat, nihil ad me: & modo locum tuum non occupet, cum quantum voluerit, ambiat, mihi perinde est. Potui tamen Blondello Professionem ho- norariam istic optare Quia scilicet neut:quam recusasset Professoris nomen & ordinem tenere, nec invitus adscriptus fuisset Theologorum collegio. Eme- ritus autem quia dici non poterat, qui nunquam meruisset, existimavi honorarium non male appellari, qui Cathedram non ascenderet. Hæc tantum mea cogitatio fuit, quæ tibi tamen improbata est. Nihil de te locove tuo illi tri- buendo, quod meum non est, unquam mihi venit in mentem. Sed ista quæ- lo mittamus: & si viderint Putcani primum folium, quod polliceris, libri Gro- tiani, facilius ferent manuscripti sui codicis jacturam. Imo si sine nomine aucto- ris proditura est tua de eodem argumento disceptatio, potes ad illos quasi obiter scribere in Zelandia istum librum excudi, ut statim mitescant & alterius exem- pli recuperandi animum deponant, de me nihil suspicati. Multa solet inchoa- re Mileterius, quæ ad finem non perducit; tum quia ea, quæ forsan prima specie illi blandiebantur, postea minus arrident: tum quia nihil jam licet illi edere sine doctorum, ut ajunt, approbatione, quibus difficulter se morigerum præbet. Cum enim vir sui amantissimus nolit ad eorum præscriptum sua recantare, co- gitur ea retundere, quæ promere non potest. Ut propius noris hominis in- genium , audi fabellam non illepidam. Adsuit haud ita pri- dem concioni Cenomonensis Episcopi, Marcus vocatur, in qua disertissimo oratori placuit instituere inter Christum & Mariam, quem ita per
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LETTERS. 173 they will be of weight. Meanwhile I think nothing should be moved rashly, but a more convenient time should be awaited. What you add, that in order to do Rivet a favor you wish me to have you there as an honorary Professor, I do not understand at all. Indeed, I never wished it, and I know that you have always rejected this title. I shall most gladly see the second Letter of Verinus, which you promise, as well as Grotius’s letters to you, for copies of which, and the hope you give of them, I give you many thanks. Yours reached Pricaeus very seasonably. For he returned yesterday to England, disposed very ill toward our France, and not without reason. He received the splendid testimony of your kindness with due acknowledgment of thanks. I too owe you not a little under that head. Farewell, most excellent man, and continue, as you do, to love me. Paris, 3 August 1646. LETTER CLXX. M. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. It is always most welcome to me to be instructed by you. So today I have learned, not without pleasure, the distinction that exists between honorary and emeritus Professors. But I should like to ask why you bring these matters up to me so often? I have never counted you among either of those, since I know that in both thing and title you have always studiously declined it. How rightly Rivet wishes to be called an honorary Professor, and with what spirit he does so, is nothing to me; and provided he does not occupy your place, however much he may aspire to it, it is all the same to me. Yet I could wish an honorary Professorship there for Blondel, since he would of course in no way have refused to hold the name and rank of Professor, nor would he have been unwillingly entered among the college of Theologians. But since he could not be called emeritus, having never merited it, I thought honorary a not unsuitable title for one who did not ascend the chair. That was only my thought, and yet it has been disapproved by you. It never once entered my mind to assign to him what is yours or your place, which is not mine. But let us leave those matters aside: and if the Putcans see the first sheet, which you promise, of Grotius’s book, they will more easily bear the loss of their manuscript copy. Nay, if your discussion on the same subject is to be issued without the author’s name, you can write to them, as it were incidentally, that that book is being printed in Zeeland, so that they may at once grow calmer and give up the desire to recover another copy, suspecting nothing of me. Miletérius is accustomed to begin many things which he does not bring to completion; partly because what perhaps first seemed pleasing to him later pleases less; partly because he is now allowed to publish nothing without the approval, as they say, of the learned, to whom he is hard put to show himself compliant. For since the man, most fond of himself, is unwilling to recant his own views at their dictation, he is compelled to blunt what he cannot bring forth. That you may know the man’s character more closely, listen to a little story not without charm. Not long ago there was present at the sermon of the Bishop of Le Mans, a man named Marcus, in which the most eloquent speaker pleased himself by setting up a comparison between Christ and Mary, which so far
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CL. S A R R A V I I per integram horam prosequutus est, ut Matrem Filio in omnibus vel præponeret, vel certe æquaret. Hæc quantum superstitiosis probata sunt, tantum bonis & piis dilplicuerunt. At vetus amicus tuus non timide dixit, paratum esse se, si hujusmodi multas homilias audiret, eo regredi unde digressus esset. Hi sunt hominis mores. Quanquam autem aliquo abhinc tempore quæsitis meis nihil respondeas, & privata tua oracula videantur detecisse, ausim tamen pridem concessa facultate uti. Quare ergo Lucæ XI. 24. uti & Matth. XII. 43. dicitur Spiritus impurus ex homine egressus dierexedom & arudem reuiem quærens? Sane enim requici locus & arudum potius videtur esse locus arudum quam arudum. Novi sensus allegoricos, qui huic loco affinguntur, sed Grammaticum quæro. Vale & me ama Lutetiæ Parisior. XVII. Aug. CIO 13C XLVI. E P I S T O L A C L X X I. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Qu'avez vous écrit à Monsr. Isaac Vossius, de Monsieur de Saumaise? on lui à envoié d'Amsterdam un extrait de vôtre lettre que j'ai veu, je ne pense pas qu'il le vous dissimule, car il en est picqué. Ex ipsius Riveti autographo superiora descripsi, quibus non leviter olim turbatus sum, sciebam enim & certo sciebam me nihil secius de te ad eruditissimum adolescentem, aliumve quamlibet mortalem scripsisse, quo in tuam offensionem incurrerem. Quid autem me post ista expectare parerat, præter validissimos coriarios, qui tergamea crudeliter lacerarent? Cum autem vidissem te mitius mecum egisse, dubitavi aliquid Pelasgæ fraudis subesse. Itaque omnem rei seriem apud te exposui ut intelligem, quid istud esset, de quo apud alios de me expostulares? Erraverit R. vel dolo egerit, solemne suum obtinuit, nec id magis urgere certum est. Patere verome de te apud te non nihil querentem, nempe quod animum tuum inducere potueris, ut existimares fuisse me auctorem istius nefandi exerpti, quod ita te proscinderet. Certe hujusce tuæ sententiæ nullam video singi posse rationem, nisi quia semper de Grotio humanius sensi, & non vulgaribus tanti viri meritis donandas esse arbitratus sum postremas ejus exercitationes. Quod ficto sub nomine, quod mortuus lacessitus fuerit, nunquam improbavi. Quod ei tuam gloriam deberes, putidum duxi & ridiculum. Præterea satis mirari non possum te, qui multas meas epistolas Latine scriptas legeris, eredere potuisse me istud concinnasse. In eo enim nihil mei genii agnosco: nec si aliquid hujusmodi, quod absit, dicere vellem, istis verbis uterer. An quenquam Dominum vocare soleo, Autumare, Improbaliter, utut sit, honori vertetur. Non sunt locutiones humili & pedestri stylo meo familiares: nec eredo in non paucis epistolis meis singulas posse occurrere, nedum simul paucisque lineis universas. Dono amicitiæ nostræ ut hanc alias minime levem injuriam penitus obliviscar. Tantum alias juxta ve- tus
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CL. SARRAVIUS continued for a full hour, so as to place the Mother in all things before the Son, or at least to make her equal to him. How much such things please the superstitious, so much do they displease the good and pious. But your old friend said boldly that he was ready, if he heard many sermons of this sort, to return whence he had departed. Such are the manners of the man. Although, moreover, for some time past you answer nothing to my inquiries, and your private oracles seem to have ceased, I nevertheless venture to make use of a faculty long since granted. Why then is it said in Luke XI. 24 and also Matthew XII. 43 that the unclean spirit, having gone out of a man, seeks rest and a dry place? For surely a place of rest and dryness rather seems to be a place of dryness than of dryness. I know the allegorical senses that are attached to this passage, but I ask for the grammar. Farewell, and love me. At Paris, 17 August 1646. EPISTLE CLXXI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. What have you written to Mr. Isaac Vossius, concerning Monsieur de Saumaise? An extract of your letter has been sent him from Amsterdam; I have seen it, and I do not think he will hide it from you, for he is piqued at it. From the autograph of Rivet himself I transcribed the preceding lines, by which I was once not a little disturbed; for I knew, and knew for certain, that I had written nothing, either to you or to the most learned young man, or to any other mortal whatever, that would bring me into your displeasure. But what after that had I to expect, except the most powerful tanners, who would cruelly tear my hide? But when I saw that you had dealt more gently with me, I doubted whether some Pelasgian fraud lay hidden in it. Therefore I set forth the whole sequence of the matter before you, so that I might understand what that was about which, among others, you complained of me. Either R. was mistaken, or he acted with deceit; he got his usual way, and it is certainly not proper to press the matter further. Allow me truly to complain to you in no small degree about you to yourself, namely that you were able to persuade your mind that I was the author of that wicked excerpt which so tore you to pieces. Certainly I see no reason by which this opinion of yours can be framed, unless because I have always thought more humanely of Grotius, and have judged that the later writings of so great a man ought to be endowed with no ordinary merits. That he was attacked under a feigned name when dead, I have never disapproved. That you owed him your glory, I considered disgusting and ridiculous. Besides, I cannot sufficiently wonder that you, who have read many of my letters written in Latin, could have believed me capable of composing that. For in it I recognize nothing of my own genius; nor, if I wished to say something of this sort, which God forbid, would I use those words. Do I usually call anyone “Lord,” “to think,” “unworthily,” as it may be, “it will be turned to honor”? Such expressions are not familiar to my humble and plain style; nor do I believe that in a good number of my letters each one could be found, let alone all together and within a few lines. By the favor of our friendship, may I utterly forget this injury, in no way slight, among others. Only otherwise according to the old
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EPISTOLAÆ. 175 tus Epicharmi dictum μεμνας απιτιν, αθελη γαρ παῦτα τῶν Φρενῶν. De tuo libro de Transubstantiatione, mentior nisi dixero paucis, sed efficacibus ver- bis, eum a Riveto esse laudatum. Vale & me ama tui semper observantissimum. Lutetiæ Parisiorum 24. Aug. 1646. EPISTOLA CLXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS Isaac Vossio. Amstelodamam. N Udiussextus ex Aquitania, post quadrimestrem fere absentiam, in Ur- bem reversus sum. Statim me cepit impetus veteres amicos meos, li- bros scilicet, amplexandi. Et commodum Ignatius tuus, mihi hactenus a limine tantum, culpam fateor, salutatus, inter primos occurrit. Dum omnia studiose verso, iis characteribus in Notis nomen meum scriptum inveni, iis- que elogiis ornatum, quæ propensum & effusum tuum erga me amorem pro- dunt apertissime. Adeo enim prono affectu, exquisitisque verbis, id effecisti, ut omnium hominum habear ingratissimus, nisi profitear me eo nomine plu- rimum jam tibi debere & imposterum semper esse debiturum. Ago itaque gratias, ago gratias tibi summas, Mi Vossi, æternum enim me tibi devinxisti tanto & tam præclaro erga immerentem testimonio. Video enim ibi famam meam æternitati consecratam eo monumento, quod saxa & marmora duratione vincat. Verbum καταγενημ, quod immenso tuo beneficio occasionem dedit, non legeram in vulgatis Ignatii editionibus, sed frequenter mihi lectitatum erat in Paulinis Epistolis. Divino enim Apostolo elque pæne uni, adeo est familiare, ut libenter ejus Cilicissimis illud annumerem, nisi intercedat purioris Hellenissimi auctor Lucas, qui tamen eo semel omnino utitur. Non habet MS. meus codex istius vestri Bonifacii Vitam, aut cujusvis alterius qui in Batavia floruerit. Sciat quæso Incomparabilis parens tuus me ejus egregiorum meri- torum esse religiosissimum cultorem. Vale. Lutetiæ Parisiorum IV. Ianu. CLXIX XLVII. EPISTOLA CLXXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Nicolao Heinsio. Romam. NE prioribus tuis literis statim atque illas accepi responderem, obstabat iter Aquitanicum, in cujus procinctu me deprehenderunt. Post qua- drimestrem autem absentiam, non sine magnis ab hieme & parum firma fa- nitate difficultatibus, in Urbem redii. De te quid factum esset, Vir eximie, & ubi gentium degeres, sollicite percunctatus, intellexi te valere & in urbe Æterna vigere; in qua thelauros eruditionis & gloriæ inæstimabiles labore im- probo, industria singulari, solertiaque provida comparares. Non mediocri vo- luptate
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EPISTLE. 175 ... the saying of Epicharmus, μεμνας απιτιν, αθελη γαρ παῦτα τῶν Φρενῶν. About your book On Transubstantiation, I would be lying if I did not say in a few, but effective, words that it has been praised by Rivet. Farewell, and love me, your ever most obedient servant. Paris, 24 August 1646. EPISTLE CLXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Isaac Vossius. Amsterdam. The sixth day since my return from Aquitaine, after an absence of nearly four months, I came back to the City. At once I was seized by the impulse to embrace my old friends, that is, my books. And conveniently, your Ignatius, hitherto greeted by me only at the threshold, I confess my fault, came among the first to meet me. While I turned everything over eagerly, I found my name written in those characters in the Notes, and adorned with those eulogies which most plainly display your ready and overflowing love for me. Indeed, with such warm feeling and such exquisite words, you have brought it about that I should be accounted the most ungrateful of all men, unless I declare that by that title I already owe you very much and shall always be indebted to you in the future. I therefore give thanks, I give you my deepest thanks, my dear Vossius; for you have bound me to you forever by so great and so splendid a testimony to one so undeserving. For I see my reputation there consecrated to eternity in a monument that outlasts stone and marble. The word καταγενημ, which by your immense kindness provided the occasion, I had not read in the printed editions of Ignatius, but I had often read it in the Pauline Epistles. For to the divine Apostle alone, or nearly alone, it is so familiar that I would gladly count it among his Cilicisms, did not the authority of Luke, the purer Hellenist, intervene, who nevertheless uses it only once. My manuscript codex does not contain the Life of your Bonifacius, or of any other who flourished in Batavia. Pray let your incomparable father know that I am a most devoted admirer of his outstanding merits. Farewell. Paris, 4 Jan. CLXIX XLVII. EPISTLE CLXXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Nicolaus Heinsius. Rome. I did not immediately reply to your earlier letters as soon as I received them, because the journey to Aquitaine stood in the way, and I was caught in the midst of preparations for it. But after an absence of four months, not without great difficulties from winter and a somewhat weak state of health, I returned to the City. Having eagerly inquired what had become of you, excellent Sir, and where in the world you were living, I learned that you were well and flourishing in the Eternal City; in which, by strenuous labor, singular diligence, and prudent ingenuity, you were acquiring treasures of learning and glory beyond price. With no small pleasure
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176 CL. S A R R A V I I luptate nuncio isto affectus sum. Sed quod jam ab alteris tuis me abs te sem- per amari etiam cognosco, mentiar, ni dixero me totum suavissima lætitia per- fundi. Utinam vero possem insigni aliquo officio testari quanti virtutes tuas faciam! Nulli parcerem rei, ut affectus meos tibi penitissime recluderem. Ali- quando forsan sese dabit id commode præstandi occasio. Interea hoc animo meo contentus esto: & ad nos revertere gazis onustus, quas ab iniquis pos- sessoribus extorseris. Veræ enim & solidioris eruditionis cara dudum istic est annona. Sed paucissimos Romæ reperiri, qui elegantiores saltem literas reli- giose colant, vix crederem, nisi affirmares. Atqui ipsum coelum, ipsæ illæ quas merito laudas, statuæ, quam multa solo sui aspectu docere possunt, quæ in libris frustra sæpe quærimus. A mutis istis nec fastidiosis magistris disces, quæ postea toti orbi imputabis. Nec illis invidebimus tanta decora, ubi ve- rum eorum nsum chartis mandaveris. Quin potius invidebunt Rerum Domi- ni Batavis tam eruditum divitiarum suarum dispensatorem, tamque profundum mysteriorum suorum interpretem. Quod autem sponte offers e divite tuo penu; & quod ostentas e Galilæi hæreditate auctarium, non recuso. Hanc quæso operam tui amicissimo & bonis omnibus impende. Mihi sane rem feceris gratissimam. Te rogaveram cum discederes, & si pateris, iterum rogo, ut se- dulo exquiras num in MSS. exemplaribus Anastasii Bibliothecarii, reperiatur, suo ordine, inter Leonem IV. & Benedictum III. Vita Iohnæ Papistæ. Re- tulit olim ad me amicus cui mandaveram, laceros esse codices omnes, quos vi- disset, eo loco ubi ea narratio esse deberet. Vidisse se tamen in Ambrosiana unum, non in membranis, sed in charta exaratum, qui eam haberet: sed de- scribendi copiam factam non fuisse. Si per te compos esse potuero istius hi- storici fragmenti, plurimum tibi ego debebo, Vir Præstantissime, quem in tuorum numero habere velis quæso precorque. Lutetiæ Parisiorum v. Mar- tii ipso Hilariorum die CIC DEC XLVII. E P I S T O L A CLXXIV. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Natavorum. Devenisse tandem aliquando in tuas manus doctissimi & amicissimi Iacobi Gothofredi dudum editas Quinque Dissertationes, non sine voluptate intellexi. Cum enim in illis satis multa habeantur, quæ te unum petunt, do- lebam tui defendendi non suppetere facultatem. Præterea mirabar, auctorem, cui tuo nomine publicatos a te libros sæpiuscule misissem, non curasse ut eas à se potius, quam ab alio quopiam, acciperes. Absit tamen ut quod meliori- bus studiis & ad æternitatem factis lucubrationibus tempus debetur, istis con- futandis male colloces. Pleraque enim tanti non sunt, ut data opera de illis te commentari oporteat: & dabitur forsan occasio in Præfatione majoris alicujus operis ista obiter explicandi. Prima quæ statim sese tibi obtulit Dissertatio, ma-
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176 CL. SARRAVII I have been moved by that report of the battle. But since from your earlier letters I also learn that I am always loved by you, I should lie if I said that I was not wholly overwhelmed with the sweetest joy. Would that I could by some notable service testify how highly I value your virtues! I would spare nothing in order to lay open to you my feelings most fully. Perhaps some occasion will present itself someday to do this suitably. Meanwhile be content with this thought of mine: and return to us laden with the treasures which you have wrested from unjust possessors. For the market of true and sounder learning has long been dear there. But that there are very few at Rome who at least cultivate elegant letters with due reverence, I should scarcely believe, unless you affirmed it. And yet even the very sky, those very statues which you rightly praise, can teach so much by the mere sight of them, things which we often seek in books in vain. From those mute, and by no means disagreeable, teachers you will learn what later you will ascribe to the whole world. Nor shall we envy them such ornaments, once you have committed to paper the true use of them. Rather, the Lords of Things will envy the Dutch so learned a steward of their wealth, and so deep an interpreter of their mysteries. What you freely offer from your rich store, and what you display as an increase from the inheritance of the Galilean, I do not refuse. I beg you to devote this effort to your dearest friend and to all good men. You will truly do me the greatest favor. I had asked you when you were leaving, and if you will allow it, I ask again, that you diligently inquire whether in the MSS. copies of Anastasius Bibliothecarius there is found, in its proper place between Leo IV and Benedict III, the Life of Pope Joanna . A friend to whom I had given this commission once reported back to me that all the codices he had seen were mutilated at the point where that narrative ought to be. He did say, however, that he had seen one in the Ambrosiana, not written on parchment but on paper, which contained it; but no opportunity for making a copy had been granted. If through you I may obtain that historical fragment, I shall owe you a very great debt, most excellent Sir, whom I beg and implore you to count among your own friends. At Paris, on the 5th of March, on the very day of Hilary, 1647. EPISTLE CLXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugudunum of the Batavians. I learned with no little pleasure that at last the Five Dissertations of the very learned and very dear Jacobus Gothofredus, long since published, have come into your hands. For since in them there is quite a lot that is aimed at you alone, I was distressed that I lacked the means to defend you. Moreover, I wondered that the author, to whom I had often sent your books published under your name, had not taken care that you should receive them from him rather than from anyone else. Yet let it be far from me to think that time, which is owed to better studies and writings produced for eternity, should be badly spent in refuting these. For most of them are not worth so much that you ought to write comments on them with deliberate effort; and perhaps an opportunity will be given to explain these points incidentally in the Preface to some larger work. The first Dissertation that immediately presented itself to you, ma-
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EPISTOLÆ. 177 materiam continet arduam impeditam & a non uno tractatam. De mutatione & augmento moneta. Quia mihi inscripta est, eam maxime a te expendi velim. Plurima enim in ea leguntur, e quibus difficulter emergam, nisi manum porrexeris. Imprimis vero negotium facessit, quod ille veluti pro axiomate, de quo ne dubitari quidem oporteat, statuit, modo auctam, modo imminutam auri libram: quæ aliquando septuaginta duobus, aliquando octoginta quatuor solidis constiterit, manentibus solidis ejusdem ponderis. Nihil enim difficilius & incertius fuerit rei monetariæ explicatione, si libra, uncia, scrupulus, pro arbitrio Principum & pro temporibus variaverint. Nummisquidem, hoc est forma, pondere & pretio nihil poene mutabilius: pro copia & penuria auri & argenti modo augetur, modo minuitur nummorum ex illis conflatorum pondus & pretium: atque ita plures aut potiores solidi pro eorum diversis ponderibus libram constituerint. Ut vero libra ipsa etiam variaverit, fateor novum mihi videri. Quid ergo de ista amici nostri sententia, iuo quid de tota ista Diatriba sentias, fac rogo, te intelligam. Tu enim solus de istis rebus, ab eruditorum cognitione remotissimis, potesjudicare. Et quantum etiam in re nummaria supra cæteros præstare possis, clamant ea, quæ perimmortali gloria dignissima opera tua, sparsa de eo argumento, legimus cum summa admiratione. Mihi enim non vacat in ista diligentius inquirere, foresibus negotiis assidue occupato, & quod superest temporis sacris Novi Fæderis literis lubentius impendenti. Proximo præteritos Hilariorum dies insumpsi collationi, codicis manu exarati Amplissimorum Puteanorum fratrum, qui olim venerabili Beza Claronontanus dicebatur, & Paulinas tantum Epistolas complectitur. Magna sane optimi & doctissimi senis in eo tractando fides & diligentia; qua tamen adeo non omnia exhaustit, quin post amplissimam messem supersit adhuc spicilegium alienæ industriæ. Exemplum hoc habeto illustrissimum & quantivis pretii. Rom. VII. 24. & 25. vulgo legitur πιλαίπων ὑγιοι αἰθημον, πις με ἐυσεπτωι εἰν ἡ συματον ἡ ἐματι τύπο? quæ omnino recte cum interrogatione leguntur. Tum sequitur ἐν χαρισω τῷ Θεω διὰ ἐνοῦ ἐκ ἀγινῶν. Ad quæ divini Apostoli verba hæc annotavit Beza. Vulgata "Gratia DEI χαρίς χριστον τῷ Ἑυερη repugnante Syro interprete, & Græcis omnibus codicibus, nisi quod in uno legimus χαρίς δὲ τῷ Ιεω. Sit autem Gratia DEO. Hæc ille; qui postea contendit omnino errasse vulgatum interpretem: & erroris fontem, si DEO placet, non contemnendis, ut quidam arbitrantur rationibus, aperit. Atqui verum non est, quod ait Beza repugnare vulgatæ lectioni omnes Græcos codices. Ego enim duos vidi, qui contrarium evincant. Ille certe Claronontanus, quem cum cura versavi, diserte habet HXAPIE TOT THEOT: & in versione Latina e regione, ut loquuntur, apposita, GRATIA DEI: plana & verissima sententia; qua liquido respondet Apostolus difficili alias quæstioni, iis verbis, quæ Vulgatum interpretem, quem merito multis magnisque de causis plurimi faciunt Romanenses, absolvunt. Eandem quoque lectionem totidem literis & apicibus extare video, in alio Z
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EPISTLES. 177 contains a difficult matter, intricate and handled by more than one writer: the change and increase of coinage. Since it has been inscribed to me, I should like it to be examined especially by you. For there are many things in it which I shall scarcely be able to get through unless you stretch out a hand. But what especially causes trouble is that he lays it down as if it were an axiom, beyond any possibility of doubt, that the pound of gold was sometimes increased, sometimes diminished; that it had at one time been worth seventy-two, at another eighty-four solidi, while the solidi remained of the same weight. For nothing would be more difficult and uncertain than an explanation of monetary matters, if the pound, ounce, and scruple had varied at the discretion of princes and according to the times. In coinage indeed, that is, in form, weight, and value, nothing is almost more changeable: according to the abundance or scarcity of gold and silver, the weight and value of the coins cast from them is now increased, now diminished; and thus more or fewer solidi, or better solidi according to their different weights, make up the pound. But that the pound itself also has varied, I confess seems new to me. Therefore, I ask that you let me know what you think of our friend’s opinion, indeed what you think of the whole of that Diatribe. For you alone can judge about these matters, most remote from the knowledge of the learned. And how greatly you may excel others even in monetary matters, those things proclaim which we have read with the greatest admiration, things scattered through your works, most worthy of immortal glory, on that subject. For I have no leisure to inquire more diligently into this, being continually occupied with pressing business, and gladly spending what time remains on the sacred writings of the New Covenant. During the recently past days of Hilary I spent my time on a collation of a manuscript codex written by hand, of the very illustrious brothers Puteanus, which was once called Beza’s Claremontanus, and contains only the Pauline Epistles. Truly great is the good old man’s faithfulness and diligence in handling it; yet he has by no means exhausted everything, so that after a very abundant harvest there still remains gleaning for another’s industry. Keep this most illustrious and highly valuable example. Rom. VII. 24 and 25 are commonly read: πιλαίπων ὑγιοι αἰθημον, πις με ἐυσεπτωι εἰν ἡ συματον ἡ ἐματι τύπο? which are altogether rightly read with a question mark. Then follows ἐν χαρισω τῷ Θεω διὰ ἐνοῦ ἐκ ἀγινῶν. To these words of the divine Apostle Beza made this note: the Vulgate “Gratia DEI χαρίς χριστον τῷ Ἑυερη” is at variance with the Syriac interpreter and with all the Greek codices, except that in one we read χαρίς δὲ τῷ Ιεω. Let it be therefore “Gratia DEO.” Thus he; who afterwards maintained that the Vulgate interpreter had altogether erred, and, if God please, opens the source of the error by reasons not to be despised, as some think. Yet it is not true, as Beza says, that all the Greek codices are at variance with the Vulgate reading. For I myself have seen two that prove the contrary. Certainly that Claremontanus, which I have carefully examined, plainly has HXAPIE TOT THEOT: and in the Latin version placed opposite it, as they say, GRATIA DEI: a clear and very true sense; to which the Apostle plainly answers the otherwise difficult question, in those words, which absolve the Vulgate translator, whom the Romanists rightly esteem highly for many great reasons. I also see the same reading, with the same letters and accents, extant in another Z
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CL. SARRAVIUS in alio manuscripto vetustissimo etiam Græco-Latino codice, Bibliothecæ Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis. Temperare mihi non possum, quin aliam lectionis varietatem ex eodem Puteanæo libro de promptam, nec minoris mo- menti tecum communicem. Galat. 11. 4. & 5. vulgo legitur ἀἰὰ δὲ τὴς πα- ρεισματικὰς ἐνδαθελφις, ὑπινες παρεισοῦλον πατασημπισμὴν τῶν ἐλευθειαν, ἐν μεῖν ἐν ἐκκελευ ἔν Ἐρεισω ἐνεν, ἐνα ἐμᾶς παταδηλώσων ἐν, ἐν ἐδὲ πεῖς ὑμαν ἔκκελευ ἐν ἐπιπτημὴν ἐνα ἐληθεια τῶν ἐναρθελια διαμεῖν πρὸς ἐμᾶς. Ad quæ postremi ver- siculi verba, annotavit Beza, Ambrosium non legere v[er]dè repugnante omnium Græcorum codicum fide & ipsa quoque sententia: quamvis non videatur etiam legisse negantem particulam Hieronymus, & eam tollendam esse censeat Ter- tullianus, libro adverlus Marcionem quinto. Atqui verum non est, quod ait Beza, nullos Græcos codices non habere istud v[er]dè: In Claromontano enim illo venerandæ antiquitatis, quem in manibus & præ oculis habebat, desidera- tur in Græco non tantum illud v[er]dè: sed etiam ἐν quod præcedit: & in Latina quoque ejus versione eadem duo verba desiderantur. Disertis enim verbis le- git AD HORAM CESSIMUS SUBJECTIONI sine negatione: majusculis enim characteribus Græcis & Latinis descriptus est totus liber, manu ele- ganti. Nec est nauci hæc varietas. Tertullianus de vitiatis sua jam ætate exem- plaribus laudato loco ad Marcionem conquerebatur; & disputabat inducendam negationem argumentis validis, quæ rogo, apud ipsum inspice. Si habuisset, quem jam tero & laudo, manuscriptum codicem, quantis laudibus illum extulis- set, aliisque omnibus prætulisset? Doctrina inde educi possit diversa, pro va- ria lectione, in re non exigui momenti. Alii enim dicent, aliqua ὑματαί- καίσι utendum ad tempus erga dissidentes, etiam in religionis negotio. Alii ne quidem ad horam vel momentum cedendum esse: Quæ tam diversa sunt, quam diversæ existunt nostrorum codicum & Puteanæilectiones. Et laudabunt singuli Paulum suæ vel severioris vel mitioris sententiæ audorem. Nec sunt ista indigna tua disquisitione: maxime collata cum alio Apostoliloco ad Rom. XII. II. in quo idem Puteanæus codex, sicut & editiones Stephanorum, le- git ἔν ἀἰΡΩΝ ΔΟΤΛΕΤΟΝΤΕΣ: & in Latina versione, SERVIENTES TEMPORI, quod etiam Beza non animadvertit. Vide autem num belle conveniant τῶν καιρῶν δυλευων, & πρὸς ὑμαν δυσων. Vale. Lutetiæ Parisiorum No- nis Martiis. ΣΤΗΣ XLVII. EPISTOLA CLXXV. CL. SARRAVIUS Ioanni Frederico Gronovio. Daventriam. L ibet has impensas conferre nobilissimo, quod extruere te audio, operi Observationum Livianarum. Nempe est penes me Titi Livii codex ma- gno Scaligero olim versatus, cujus manus paucis hisce locis medicinam fecit. Plures habebantur, sed quia a te occupati sunt, frustra eos transcripsissem. Hoc
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CL. SARRAVIUS in another very ancient manuscript, also in a Greek-Latin codex, in the Library of the Abbey of Saint Germain des Prés. I cannot restrain myself from communicating to you another variant reading from the same book of Puteanus, and one of no less importance. Galat. 11. 4. & 5. is commonly read: ἀἰὰ δὲ τὴς πα-ρεισματικὰς ἐνδαθελφις, ὑπινες παρεισοῦλον πατασημπισμὴν τῶν ἐλευθειαν, ἐν μεῖν ἐν ἐκκελευ ἔν Ἐρεισω ἐνεν, ἐνα ἐμᾶς παταδηλώσων ἐν, ἐν ἐδὲ πεῖς ὑμαν ἔκκελευ ἐν ἐπιπτημὴν ἐνα ἐληθεια τῶν ἐναρθελια διαμεῖν πρὸς ἐμᾶς. To the words of the final little verse, Beza noted that Ambrose does not read v[er]dè, contrary to the faith of all the Greek manuscripts and to the sense itself: although Jerome also does not seem to have read the negative particle, and Tertullian in the fifth book against Marcion judges that it ought to be removed. Yet it is not true, as Beza says, that no Greek manuscripts lack that v[er]dè: for in that Claromontanus manuscript of venerable antiquity, which he had in his hands and before his eyes, not only that v[er]dè is wanting in the Greek, but also the preceding ἐν; and in its Latin version those same two words are likewise wanting. For it reads in plain terms: AD HORAM CESSIMUS SUBJECTIONI, without negation; for the whole book is written in large Greek and Latin characters, by an elegant hand. Nor is this variant a trifle. Tertullian, in that praised passage against Marcion, complained about copies already corrupted in his time; and he argued for the insertion of the negation with strong reasons, which I ask you to examine in him. If he had had the manuscript codex which I now wear out and praise, with how many praises would he have extolled it and preferred it above all others? A different doctrine may be drawn from it, according to the different reading, in a matter of no small importance. For some will say that some ὑματαί-καίσι must be used for a time toward those who dissent, even in matters of religion. Others will say that one must not yield even for an hour or a moment: which are as different as the readings of our manuscripts and of Puteanus differ. And each will commend Paul as the author of his own, whether more severe or more gentle, opinion. Nor are these matters unworthy of your inquiry: especially when compared with another apostolic passage, Rom. XII. II., in which the same Puteanus codex, as also the editions of the Stephens, reads ἔν ἀἰΡΩΝ ΔΟΤΛΕΤΟΝΤΕΣ: and in the Latin version, SERVIENTES TEMPORI, which Beza also did not notice. Observe too whether τῶν καιρῶν δυλευων, and πρὸς ὑμαν δυσων, do not agree nicely. Farewell. Paris, the Nones of March. ΣΤΗΣ XLVII. EPISTOLA CLXXV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Ioannes Fredericus Gronovius. At Daventriam. It pleases me to contribute these expenses to the most distinguished work of Observations on Livy, which I hear you are undertaking. Indeed, I have in my possession a codex of Titus Livius once handled by the great Scaliger, whose hand has repaired a few of these passages. There were more, but since they have been taken up by you, I would have copied them in vain. This
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EPISTOLA. 179 Hoc a me tui studiosissimo & observantissimo æqui bonique consule, iisque pro arbitrio utere. Sumptibus regiis, & superba sine exemplo magnificentia, editus hic est ante annum Jo. Cantacuzenus: & jam prodit Cedrenus cum Curopalate. Si libeat Annam tuam ad me transmittere, ejus editionem, iisdem typis, procurabo. Volunt enim qui isti rei præsunt, omnes Historiæ Byzantinæ scriptores Græco-Latinos, quam castigatissime fieri potest, recudere. Vide num rationibus tuis id conducat, quidve, hoc ut facias, a me fieri velis. Operam enim meam hac in re aliaque omni, tibi libentissime offero. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parisiorum VIII. Martii CIC IX XLVII. EPISTOLA CLXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS Iosua Placæo. Salmurium. Maximam forensium harum feriarum partem hactenus impendi, & porro impendam collationi aliquot Manuscriptorum Novi Testamenti codicum, qui in manus meas inciderunt. Nec omnino lusisse operam mihi videor. Unum autem reperi locum, quem non indignum existimavi, quem tecum communicarem. Idque facio eo libentius, quod non ingratum tibi fore certo persuasus sum, cum ob prolixam tuam erga omnes humanitatem, tum præcipue ipsius argumenti fiducia: Divinitatis nempe Domini Nostri Iesu Christi; cujus te magnanimum Assertorem, & strenuum adversus impios hæreticos propugnatorem, cum magna tua gloria, præstas. Codex est venerandæ antiquitatis, qui scripturæ speciem præfert ultra octingentos, vel etiam mille annos exarata. Locus autem, de quo ad te refero, habetur Apocalypse cap. XIX. IO. & vulgo ita legitur, ὑνδυλος σε ειμι ἡ τῶν αδελφῶν σε τῶν ἰχοιτων τὴν μαρτυεια ἡ ἰνοσθ. τῶν ἰεῶν περοσύνθων. Codex vero, quem jam verbo, legit in hunc modum, ὑνδυλος σε ειμι ἡ τῶν αδελφῶν σε τῶν ἰχοιτων τὴν μαρτυεια. ἰνοσθ τῶν ἰεῶν περοσύνθων. Quæ lectionis varietas non est nihili, ut statim perspexeris. Vulgata quippe lectio jungit hæc verba μαρτυεια τῶ ἰνοσθ cum articulo τῶ, qui in meo codice desideratur; sed habet σημων post μαρτυεια. Tum addit ἰνοσθ τῶν ἰεῶν περοσύνθων. O insigne pro divinitate Christi testimonium, & de quo reperto merito exultem & triumphem. Ne tamen sincera sit voluptas mea, duo obstant. Unum quod dubitem, an phrasis scripturæ ferat, ut dicantur οι αδελφοι Φεροπε τὴν μαρτυεια simpliciter, sine ulla ἡ χριστ[us] vel ἡ πνύματον adjectione. Altera num hæc verborum ανοληθια, ἰνοσθ τῶν ἰεῶν sit sacro textui usitata: cum videatur legi oportere τῶ ἰνοσθ ἰεῶν, vel τῶ ἰνοσθ τῶν ἰεῶν περοσύνθων. Ego tyro istis impedior: tu εν τωνις πελων animadverte. Ecce aliud αντων. Quæ sequuntur [n]o[n] ἡδ μαρτυεια ἡ ἰνοσθ, ita omnino videntur intelligenda, ut de Iesu testimonio aliquid præcesserit. Hæc quæso accurate perpende Vir Magne, nec parvam a me gratiam iniveris. Si quid vicissim ego tua causa potuero, me virtutum tuarum observantissimum, & ac- Z 2 cepti
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LETTER. 179 Take this, from me who is most devoted and most respectful to you, in good part, and use it as you please. At the royal expense, and with an example of superb magnificence such as has never been seen, Jo. Cantacuzene was published here a year ago; and now Cedrenus is appearing together with Curopalates. If you wish to send me your Anna, I shall arrange for its publication in the same type. For those in charge of this business want to reprint all the historians of Byzantine history, Greek and Latin, as carefully as possible. Consider whether this would be advantageous to your plans, and what you would have me do in order to bring it about. For I very gladly offer you my help in this matter and in every other. Farewell, and continue to love me. Paris, 8 March 1647. LETTER CLXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Iosua Placæus. Salmurium. I have so far spent, and shall further spend, most of this holiday season on collating several manuscript codices of the New Testament which have fallen into my hands. Nor do I think I have labored altogether in vain. I have found one passage, however, which I considered not unworthy of being communicated to you. I do so the more gladly because I am certain it will not be unwelcome to you, both because of your great kindness toward all, and especially because of the subject itself: namely, the divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ; of which you stand forth, to your great glory, as a magnanimous defender and a vigorous champion against impious heretics. The codex is of venerable antiquity, and has the appearance of having been written more than eight hundred, or even a thousand, years ago. The passage to which I refer is found in Revelation chapter XIX, 10. And it is commonly read thus: ὑνδυλος σε ειμι ἡ τῶν αδελφῶν σε τῶν ἰχοιτων τὴν μαρτυεια ἡ ἰνοσθ. τῶν ἰεῶν περοσύνθων. But the codex I have just mentioned reads in this way: ὑνδυλος σε ειμι ἡ τῶν αδελφῶν σε τῶν ἰχοιτων τὴν μαρτυεια. ἰνοσθ τῶν ἰεῶν περοσύνθων. This variation of reading is not insignificant, as you will immediately perceive. For the common reading joins these words μαρτυεια τῶ ἰνοσθ with the article τῶ, which is wanting in my codex; but it has σημων after μαρτυεια. Then it adds ἰνοσθ τῶν ἰεῶν περοσύνθων. O splendid testimony to the divinity of Christ, and one over which I may rightly exult and triumph, having found it. Yet my delight is not wholly without impediment: two things stand in the way. First, I doubt whether the phrasing of Scripture allows one to say οἱ αδελφοι Φεροπε τὴν μαρτυεια simply, without any addition of ἡ χριστ[us] or ἡ πνύματον. Second, whether this sequence of words, ἰνοσθ τῶν ἰεῶν, is usual in the sacred text; for it seems that it ought to be read τῶ ἰνοσθ ἰεῶν, or τῶ ἰνοσθ τῶν ἰεῶν περοσύνθων. I am a novice and am hindered by these points: do you, in your wisdom, observe them. Behold another point. What follows [n]o[n] ἡδ μαρτυεια ἡ ἰνοσθ, must plainly be understood as if something concerning the testimony of Jesus had preceded. I beg you, great man, to weigh this carefully, and you will confer no small favor on me. If in return I can do anything for your sake, count me most attentive to your virtues, and ac-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Iacobo Usserio Armachano. Londinum. Dudum tibi obstrictum pro honorifica in Ignatio tuo mei mentione, Il- lustrissime ac Reverendissime Antistes, novo adhuc beneficio devincire voluisti. Dono enim tuo accepi Diatribam tuam De Symbolis veteris Ecclesiæ. Pro istis tuis erga me meritis, debitas rependo gratiarum actiones. Magna cum voluptate, nec sine fructu, legi postrema ista tua opuscula; in quibus igneum ingenii vigorem, & reconditam eruditionem, abstrusissima quæque rimantem & bono publico eruentem, ex animi sententia dico, sum admiratus. Omnino enim cum optimum sit quod antiquissimum, in Originibus indagandis opera merito & bene collocatur. Te vero ista præsertim ætate & tot in- ter turbas hæc tuæ curæ ducere, summam profecto laudem meretur. Aderit DEUS se & sua quærentibus. Ita precor & spero: eumque veneror ut Re- gi Regnoque vestro ea suggerat consilia & effecta det, quæ suæ gloriæ vestris- que commodis, Tibi vero imprimis, Vir Bone & Magne, conveniant. In- terea perge sacras ornare literas, nosque hujusmodi munusculis beare. Sed ante omnia, qua istic polles auctoritate, effice, ut Biblia illa TIEGLÆ typis vestris cum orbe Christiano communicentur. Nullo illustriori monu- mento fama tua post exantlatos labores, æternitati consecrabitur. Hoc te ro- gant omnes, qui sacra amant & colunt, ego vero us in . Si quid hic vicissim tua causa potero, beatum me existimavero. Virum amicissimum & eruditissimum Jo. Pricæum, cujus familiaritate & consiliis plurimum profecisse me profiteor, ni grave est, meo nomine saluta: & urge suas chartulas compo- nat, & sacra curare & illustrare non desinat. Vale Vir summe; meque tui observantissimum ut tuorum in numero habere velis, etiam atque etiam rogo. Lutetiæ Parisior. xxviii. Octobris 1313 XLVII. EPISTOLA CLXXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Luzdunum Batavorum. Rogatus ante aliquot annos Vir Reverendus David Blondellus, ut ad ex- amen revocare vellet, quæ utrimque vulgo jactarentur de JOANNA PA- PISSA, libenter amicorum desideriis obtemperavit. Re igitur diligenter per- pensa, existimavit fabulosum esse, ullam Romæ aliquando sedisse Pontificem feminam, inter Leonem quartum & Benedictum tertium. Sententiæ suæ ra- tiones scripto Latino consignavit, quod multorum assensum meruit. Multo- rum
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS To James Ussher, Archbishop of Armagh. London. Long since indebted to you for the honorable mention you made of me in your Ignatius, Most Illustrious and Most Reverend Bishop, you have wished to bind me by a new favor still. For by your gift I received your Diatribe On the Symbols of the Ancient Church. For these your merits toward me I return the due thanks. With great pleasure, and not without profit, I read your latest little works; in which, I say from the heart, I admired the fiery vigor of your talent and your hidden learning, searching out whatever is most obscure and bringing it to light for the public good. For indeed, since what is most ancient is altogether best, labor in investigating origins is rightly and well employed. But that you, especially at this age and amid so many disturbances, should devote these things to your care deserves the highest praise. GOD will aid those who seek Him and His own things. So I pray and so I hope: and I worship Him that He may suggest to the King and to your Kingdom those counsels and provide those results which may be agreeable to His glory and to your interests, and above all to you, good and great man. Meanwhile continue to adorn sacred letters, and to bless us with gifts of this kind. But above all, by the authority you possess there, bring it about that that Bible of TIEGLA, printed by your presses, be communicated to the Christian world. By no more illustrious monument after your toil and hardships will your fame be consecrated to eternity. This all who love and honor sacred things ask of you, and I indeed us in . If I can in return do anything here for your cause, I shall have thought myself blessed. Give my greetings, in my name, to the most friendly and most learned man, Jo. Price, whose friendship and counsels I profess to have greatly benefited by; and urge him to compose his papers, and not to cease caring for and illustrating sacred matters. Farewell, most excellent man; and again and again I beg you to count me among those most attentive to you, and among your own. At Paris, 28 October 1313 XLVII. EPISTLE CLXXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Leiden in Holland. At the request, some years ago, of the Reverend David Blondel, to review under examination the things commonly alleged on both sides concerning JOANNA PAPISSA, he willingly complied with the wishes of his friends. Having therefore carefully weighed the matter, he judged it fabulous that any female pope ever sat at Rome, between Leo IV and Benedict III. He committed the reasons for his opinion to a Latin writing, which won the assent of many. Of many
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EPISTOLA. 181 rum dixi tantum, quis enim unquam omnium? Imo in multorum propterea offensionem incurrit vir optimus: quasi probrosum foret viro Protestantium partibus addicto, quidquam attulisse, quod vulgatas suorum opiniones convelleret. Ille vero, cui semper propositum fuit, sine ullo partium studio & sepositis præjudiciis προπημαν τοῦ αιλητικοῦ, securus conscientiæ suæ fiducia, factum suum ita tutatus est, ut tamen insimorum vano timori voluerit consulere. Itaque contentus doctis viris satisfecisse, apud me suum scriptum deposuit, ne frontis forsan infirmitate cogeretur illud liberalius communicare cum quibusdam, qui illud, contra suam mentem, temere vulgarent. Factum est autem ut anno millesimo sexcentesimo trigesimo nono, coactus fuerit eandem incudem tundere, sed Gallico breviore commentario, in gratiam Genevensium, apud quos magnificum ejus opus de Primatu in Ecclesia tum excudebatur. Rumor nempe percrebuerat in eo Papissam validis argumentis fortiter oppugnari. Illi vero, ut parcerent labori versandi majoris operis, ut inde cognoscerent an vera esset didita fama, maluerunt auctorem consulere; qui statim respondit, nihil in isto suo libro ea de re haberi: quid autem circa illam sentiret, candidè professus est. Brevius hoc Gallicum scriptum in multorum manus devenit. Tu quoque, cum hic esses anno millesimo sexcentesimo quadragesimo primo, illud vidisti. Quomodo autem factum sit, ut anno superiore Blawius Amstelodamensis eximius Typographus id typis suis publicaverit, quærere aut dicere nihil attinet. Certe auctor assumat se inconsulto, quidquid id est, procuratum fuisse. At ubi præli beneficio communior factus est hic libellus, alii gaudere de comperta, ut credebant, veritate, alii pæne optimo viro conviciari. Ita varia expertus est auctor hominum judicia: alii ingenuitatem ejus laudantibus & in coelum tollentibus; aliis ejus saltem imprudentiam damnantibus: nam doctrinam ejus reconditam & immensam vel æmuli admirantur. Interea factum est, ut ad amicos scriberes, Tenuum Assertorum fore vulgaris istius apud nostros opinionis; idque nullo negotio & statim a te confectum iri. Recreasti animosorum, quibus dolebat eripi sibi telum, ut arbitrantur, acutissimum, quo Roma in capite feriretur. Ego quoque gavisus sum inter viros summe doctos & amicos hanc natam indagandæ veritatis curam: nec dubitavi a vestro congressu statutum iri, quid deinceps de omni ista sive historia, sive fabula, judicandum sit. Nec debet fraudi esse Blondello, quod Reformati poene omnes hactenus per manus traditam narrationem acceperint & defenderint. Si enim alii incuriosius in historiis versentur, non credidit, qua pollet in omni antiquitate sacra & profana eruditione, sibi nefas esse in verum penitius inquirere, origines a primis initiis repetere, & tandem suam sententiam aperte profiteri: nihil cuiquam præscribens, nec projauctoritate aut imperio assensum imperans. Rationes expendantur, tempora ad exactam normam ponantur, circumstantiæ æqua trutina librentur, præcedentia cum sequentibus componantur, testium ætas fides & testimoniorum istas examinentur, tum demum decernatur. Hæc quia a te factum iri arbitratur, vir doctior nescio an melior, non Z 3
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Epistle. 181 I mentioned only so much: for who ever among them all? Indeed, for that reason the very good man incurred the offense of many, as though it were disgraceful for a man devoted to the Protestant side to have brought forward anything that might undermine the common opinions of his own party. But he, whose purpose had always been, without any partisan bias and with prejudices laid aside, προπημαν τοῦ αιλητικοῦ, secure in the confidence of his conscience, defended what he had done in such a way that he nevertheless wished to take account of the vain fear of some. Accordingly, content with having satisfied learned men, he deposited his work with me, lest perhaps, through weakness of spirit, he should be forced to communicate it more freely to certain persons who, against his intention, rashly spread it abroad. But it happened that in the year 1639 he was compelled to beat the same anvil again, though in a shorter French commentary, for the benefit of the Genevans, among whom his magnificent work On the Primacy in the Church was then being printed. For a rumor had spread widely that in it the Papess was vigorously attacked with strong arguments. They, however, in order to spare themselves the labor of consulting the larger work, and to learn whether the reported rumor was true, preferred to consult the author; and he immediately replied that nothing on that subject was contained in that book of his: but what he thought about it he frankly declared. This shorter French writing found its way into many hands. You also, when you were here in the year 1641, saw it. But how it came about that in the previous year Blavius, the distinguished printer of Amsterdam, published it from his presses, there is no need either to ask or to say. Surely the author must assume that it was procured without his knowledge, whatever the case may be. But when this pamphlet, by the aid of the press, became more widely known, some rejoiced at what they believed to be the discovered truth; others were almost ready to revile the very good man. Thus the author experienced the judgments of various men: some praising and even extolling his candor to the skies; others condemning at least his imprudence—for even his profound and immense learning is admired by his rivals. Meanwhile it happened that you wrote to your friends that the Tenuum Assertorum would prove the popular opinion among us to be false; and that this would be accomplished by you without difficulty and at once. You encouraged the spirited, who were grieved to have their weapon snatched from them, as they think, the sharpest one, with which Rome was to be struck on the head. I too rejoiced that among men most learned and among friends there had arisen this concern for the search after truth; nor did I doubt that, after your meeting, it would be determined what in future ought to be judged concerning all that matter, whether history or fable. Nor ought it to be held against Blondel that almost all the Reformed thus far have accepted and defended a narration handed down from hand to hand. For if others concern themselves with histories more carelessly, he did not think—he who excels in all sacred and profane antiquity and learning—that it was unlawful for him to inquire more deeply into the truth, to trace the origins back to their first beginnings, and finally to declare his own opinion openly: prescribing nothing to anyone, nor by authority or command demanding assent. Let the reasons be weighed, let the times be set according to exact rule, let the circumstances be balanced on an even scale, let what precedes and what follows be compared, let the age and reliability of the witnesses and the trustworthiness of the testimonies be examined; then, at last, let judgment be given. Because he thinks that this will be done by you, a man perhaps better, I know not whether wiser, not
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CL. SARRAVI non invitus consensit, ut ad te mitterem suum Latinum scriptum: quod a te expetitum, cum hisce meis literis ecce tibi reddet junior Elzevirius, qui istue proficiscitur. In eo igitur, quando ita lubet, confutando, ita verlare Vir Magne, ut scias, non tibi rem esse cum adversario contumaci, quem veris vi- ctum rationibus pudeat errorem agnoscere. Imo inquiebat mihi nuper vir opti- mus, si mei triumphator fuerit Salmasius, ego cum eo triumphator ero erro- ris. Verum tamen quid aggrediaris cogita: res est enim ardua & magnis dif- ficultatibus impedita. Sed omnia forsan prævidisti. Nec enim credibile est, te ista doctrina & prudentia, aliquid polliceri quod præstare non possis. Noli autem credere primum aut solum e nostris Blondellum, ita sensisse: quamvis fortassis nemo unquam fortius & pressius istud solum calcaverit. Fuere enim olim in eadem sententia non incelebres inter Reformatos Theologi: & adhuc vi- gent in hac urbe insignes fide & pietate viri, qui audierunt ex ore Camerii, se istam historiam vulgo creditam, fabulosis deputare. Vidi nuper scriptas lite- ras docti & vegeti senis, tibique & mihi amicissimi, Petri Molinæi, quibus idem semper sibi esse visum affirmabat. Multa certe cum scripserit, quibus Romanum suggillaverit pudorem, ab ista tamen femina semper manum abstinuit: & poterat tamen vir non infacetus alicujus liberalis joci inde captare occasionem. Penes me sunt literæ Samuelis Bocharti, quibus testatur sibi esse pro comperto, vanum esse & fictitium, quidquid hactenus de ea sit proditum. Quanti autem sit apud bonos & graves trium istorum auctoritas, facile intelligis. Poteris vicissim, satis scio, innumeros nobis opponere. Sed vide num illi præcedentium gregem sequuti, rem minus exacte consideraverint. Omnino tutius est, recentioribus omisis, in antiquis & coætaneis præsertim quid tenendum sit quærere. Unus Anastasius sibi constans possit rem conficere. Quid in hujus auctoris Manuscripto Regio de ista femina legatur, olim ad te misi. Sed li- ber est a manu recenti, quæ usque ad Martinum Quintum, Historiam Pontificiam produxit: & insertam esse narratiunculam evincunt, quæ in Benedicto Tertio leguntur non usquequaque convenientia. Hæc tu & alia omnia pro solito acumine diligenter expendes. Vellent alii quod ab adversa valetudine tibi superest otium, impenderes vel ingenti operi dudum expetito de Ordine Ecclesiastico, vel sacris in N. T. Exercitationibus concinnandis. Sed malle nos oportet, quod ipse malis. Quidquid enim a te proficiscitur, cum ingenti laude tua & gaudio bonorum omnium excipitur. En mitto Epigraphen, quam ipse nuper composui, precibus adductus Senatoris V. Inquisitionum Cameræ. Servet te DEUS diutissime, cui te tuaque omnia commendata quæso precorque. Vale & me ama. Lutet. Paris. XVIII Ianuarii. CD IC XLVIII. JACOBO. PHELYPEAUX. BLESENSI. BURGIMEDII. ABBATI. IN SENATU. PARISIENS. PER. ANNOS. XLVII. CONSILIARIO. INTEGERRIMO. VE-
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CL. SARRAVI did not unwillingly consent that I should send you his Latin writing: which, when requested from you, will herewith be returned to you by young Elzevirius, who is setting out thither. In refuting it, then, since it pleases you so to do, speak, great sir, in such a way that you may know that you have to deal not with a contumacious adversary, one whom, if conquered by true arguments, it would shame to acknowledge his error. Indeed, a very good man said to me recently that, if Salmasius should be my conqueror, I shall be the conqueror of error together with him. But nevertheless consider what you are undertaking: the matter is arduous, and hindered by great difficulties. Yet perhaps you have foreseen everything. For it is not credible that you, with such learning and prudence, should promise anything that you cannot perform. But do not believe that Blondel was the first or the only one among us to think thus: although perhaps no one ever pressed that single point more strongly and more insistently. For there were once among the Reformed theologians not uncelebrated men who held the same opinion; and even now there live in this city distinguished men for faith and piety, who heard from the mouth of Camerarius that they were to regard this story, commonly believed, as fabulous. I recently saw the written letter of that learned and vigorous old man, most friendly to both you and me, Pierre Molinier, in which he affirmed that the same thing had always seemed so to him. Certainly, though he has written much in which he has cast censure upon Roman shame, he has always kept his hand from that woman; and yet the man was not without wit, and might have found there occasion for some harmless jest. I have the letters of Samuel Bochart, in which he bears witness that he knows for certain that whatever has so far been published about her is empty and fictitious. And how much authority these three men have among the good and serious, you can easily understand. In return, I know well, you will be able to oppose to us countless others. But see whether they, following the band of their predecessors, have considered the matter less exactly. It is altogether safer, setting recent writers aside, to inquire in the ancients, and especially in contemporaries, what is to be held. One Anastasius, standing by his own view, may settle the matter. What is read in this author’s Royal Manuscript about that woman I once sent you. But the book is from a later hand, which carried the Papal History down to Martin V; and that a little story has been inserted is shown by the statements in Benedict III that do not fit altogether. These things and all the rest you will diligently weigh with your customary sharpness. Others would wish that the leisure left you by your failing health you might devote either to the long-desired great work on Ecclesiastical Order, or to the composing of sacred Exercitations on the New Testament. But we must prefer what you yourself prefer. For whatever proceeds from you is received with great praise for you and with joy from all good men. Here I send the inscription, which I recently composed myself, moved by the request of the Senator V. of the Chamber of Inquisitions. May God preserve you for a very long time, to whom I commend you and all that is yours, I pray and beseech. Farewell, and love me. Paris, 18 January 1648. JACOBO. PHELYPEAUX. BLESENSI. BURGIMEDII. ABBATI. IN SENATU. PARISIENS. PER. ANNOS. XLVII. CONSILIARIO. INTEGERRIMO. VE-
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VERÆ. SIMPLICITATIS. STUDIOSISSIMO. VITÆ. INCULPATÆ. VIRO. HÆREDES. MOESTISSIMI. H. M. PP. VIXIT. ANNOS. LXXVII. OBIIT. A. CH. MDCXLVII. OCTOBRII. DIE. XXI. EPISTOLA CLXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Petro Lambecio. Romam. Bene est, suavissime Lambeci, quod sola voluminis Epistolarum Balzacii jactura effecit, ut me insalutato Romam profectus fueris? Aliam enim capitaliorem causam subverebar; cum præsertim pro uno exemplari deperdito bina remisisses. Unde spes subit non vana te huc reversum mecum in gratiam bona fide & sine exceptione rediturum; quo nihil magis in votis habeo. Tuam enim ad omnia magna natam indolem & factam, uti & ingenium liberale & solers, laborem improbum, eruditionem haud vulgarem & supra ætatis captum longissime provectam, suspicio, amo, colo Mi Lambeci. Nec vereor ut Italis jam fere congenita & fatalis ignavia laudabiles impetus conatusque tuos obtundat & moretur. Quin potius ab iniquis istis possessoribus erue & cripe defossos pridem bonarum litterarum thesauros nobiscum aliquando communicandos. Hic enim tuæ peregrinationis solus verusque fructus ad te redeat oportet, neglecta opera, quæ in lustrandis oculo curiosiore vetustis ruderibus frustra plerumque & male collocatur. Cæterum gaudeo impensius & jurisprudentiæ nostræ ex animo gratulor, quod Themidis castissimæ Divæ sacris volueris initiari. Nec indigna est te sacerdote severa hæc Dea, quæ sui studiosos & religiosos vix sinit inhonoratos. Te sane Musarum delicium & carissimum alumnium complectetur, & in sinu fovebit. Ita voveo precorque, & ut me tuorum in numero habeas bonum & fortem. Virum Magnum Holstenium avunculum tuum, olim mihi apud Antissiodorem Episcopum cognitum, quæso ni grave est, nomine meo saluta. Utinam autem quæ habet infinita veteri Geographiæ illustrandæ, tuæ fidei committat, dum ille Pontificum vitis, ex antiquis monumentis, adornandis melius incumbet. Illa enim tuæ, hæc ejus ætati apprime convenient. Vale & me ama. Lutetia Paristorum Calendis Maji. SIC XLVIII. EPISTOLA CLXXX. CL. SARRAVIUS Petro Lambecio. Romam. Serius rescribo, Eximie Adolescens: sed non potui citius respondere super Pauli Silentiarii ecphrasi. Interrogavi enim Salmasium num posset velletve ca
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To the most devoted lover of true simplicity. To the man of blameless life. The most sorrowful heirs. H. M. PP. He lived 77 years. He died On 21 October, A.D. 1647. LETTER CLXXIX. C. SARRAVIUS To Petrus Lambecius. Rome. It is well, most sweet Lambecius, that the loss of only one volume of Balzac’s Letters caused you to set out for Rome without first greeting me? For I was afraid of some more serious reason; especially since, for one copy lost, you had sent back two. From this arises a not vain hope that, when you have returned here, you will come back to me restored to favor in good faith and without reserve; nothing could be more wished for by me. For I admire, love, and honor your character, born and made for all great things, your liberal and skillful mind, your untiring labor, your learning not common and far beyond the grasp of your years, O my Lambecius. Nor do I fear that the almost innate and fated sloth of the Italians will dull and hinder your praiseworthy impulses and efforts. Rather, rescue and snatch from those unjust possessors the long-buried treasures of good letters, to be shared with us someday. For this alone should be the true fruit of your journey, not the neglected work which is often and badly spent in inspecting with too curious an eye old ruins. Moreover, I rejoice greatly and from my heart congratulate our jurisprudence, that you have wished to be initiated into the sacred rites of chaste Themis. Nor is this stern goddess unworthy of you as her priest, for she scarcely allows those devoted and faithful to her to go unrewarded. She will indeed embrace you as the darling of the Muses and her dearest foster-child, and will cherish you in her bosom. So I vow and pray, and that you may count me among your own as a good and brave man. Please greet in my name the great man Holstenius, your uncle, whom I once knew at Auxerre through the bishop, if it is not too much trouble. I wish, too, that whatever he has for the illustration of ancient geography, he would entrust to your care, while he gives himself more to the adornment of the lives of the Popes, from ancient monuments. For that work would suit your age excellently, this his. Farewell, and love me. Paris, on the Kalends of May. SIC XLVIII. LETTER CLXXX. C. SARRAVIUS To Petrus Lambecius. Rome. I reply late, distinguished young man: but I could not answer sooner regarding the ecphrasis of Paulus Silentiarius. For I asked Salmasius whether he could or would a
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184 CL. SARRAVIUS ea in re ferte suppetias & literariis tuis conatibus gratificari. Ille vero in hunc ferme modum loquutus est. Libenter equidem omne istud onus in præstantissimum Lambecium rejicerem. Olim enim recepi me istud opusculum editurum; quippe quod partem faciat Epigrammatum Græcorum, dudum a me promissorum. In eo autem prope sum, ut ea recenseam & adornem, omissis aliquantisper studiis severioribus. Quare excusatum me habeat, ita precor, amicus noster, si veteres amores nolo ejurare. Sed habet ille in Vaticana ipsissimum exemplar, unde eam pene puer Heidelbergæ olim descripsi. Occupet ergo, si lubet, istam palmam, meque tardigradum prævortat. Hæc ille. Dolet vero me non magis apud eum potuisse, ut tibi hac in re inservirem. Sed cum possis ipsum manuscriptum evolvere, cum otio abundes, cum præsto sit, si ullius operam desideres, doctissimus avunculus; quid frustra alios sollicitas, alibi quærens quod apud te habeas? Itaque syntagma Antiquitatum Byzantinarum tibi uni in solidum debebimus. Scilne autem quid post Heraldum defricatum jam, moliatur magnus ille Musagetes? Nempe Catalecta Virgiliana dare parat auctiona & emendatiora cum notis post Scaligerum uberioribus. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisiorum VII. Augusti CIC XLVIII. EPISTOLA CLXXXI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Ego ut nolim te duce & auspice, in Latium tendere? Quinimo statim atque signum extollis, ecce me ad delectum respondentem, & sequiparatum: & Agnosco veteris vestigia flamma. Hac, tamen si pateris, lege, ne tu, Romanæ Militiæ summe Imperator, mecum summo jure agas, neve a me aliud opus, quam quod a gregario, exigas. Mira sunt quæ scribis de Lignivermostracis vel, uti ea appellari vis, Elminthostreis, quæ in Batavia vestra gignuntur. Sed an hoc est hujusce ætatis istiusve quod jam habitas coeli proprium miraculum? an etiam ejus veteres meminere? An nondum effæta natura e suo quotidie sinu peregrina & nova multa educit, quæ nos in sui admirationem & contemplationem excitent. Paridem quod attinet, nihil unquam vidi illo homine inconstantius. Quod ultro voluit jam non vult, nec aperte tamen quid velit aut nolit, audet dicere. Veretur te infenso deinceps uti, nec tamen tuis consiliis morem gerit. Interea rei bene & honeste gerendæ elabitur occasio, quam frustra postea requirat. Me vero quod spectat, sane auctor tibi non fui ejus istuc vocandi: multaque inter vos ea de re reciprocatis literas, antequam aliquid inde mihi innotesceret. Rogasti postmodum ut optio tibi accederem; quod fecilubentissime, nec quicquam prætermisi, quo eum aliis creptum vobis traderem. Visus est sæpiuscule annuere, nec adhuc totum pedem refert, aut aliquid certi constituisse vult videri. Hedui tui ad te deferunt Cyprianum cum musteis Observationibus. Eas statim percurreris: sunt enim breviusculæ, pro more
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184. CL. SARRAVIUS to aid in that matter and to oblige your literary efforts. He replied in nearly the following way: I would gladly shift that whole burden onto the most distinguished Lambecius. For long ago I undertook to publish that little work; indeed, it makes up a part of the Greek Epigrams I have long promised. I am now nearly at the point of recasting and arranging them, having for a time set aside the more serious studies. Therefore, I pray, let our friend excuse me if I am unwilling to renounce my old loves. But he has in the Vatican the very copy itself, from which I nearly copied it when a boy at Heidelberg long ago. Let him then, if he wishes, seize that palm and outstrip me, slow-footed as I am. Thus he said. It troubles me, however, that I could not do more with him so as to serve you in this matter. But since you can peruse the manuscript itself, since you have leisure in abundance, since at hand, if you need anyone’s help, is your learned uncle; why do you needlessly trouble others, seeking elsewhere what you already have with you? Thus we shall owe the compilation of Byzantine Antiquities wholly and entirely to you alone. And do you know what that great Musagetes is now undertaking after Heraldus has been well scoured? Why, he is preparing to issue the Catalecta Virgiliana, more select and more emended, with notes fuller than those after Scaliger. Farewell and love me. Paris, 7 August 1648. EPISTLE CLXXXI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Would I not wish, with you as leader and under your auspices, to make for Latium? Nay, as soon as you raise the standard, behold me responding to the levy and ready to follow, and I recognize the traces of the old flame. Yet under this condition, if you permit, do not, most eminent commander of the Roman soldiery, proceed against me with the fullest right, nor demand of me anything other than what is required of a common soldier. Wondrous are the things you write about the Lignivermostraci, or, as you wish them to be called, the Elminthostrei, which are produced in your Batavia. But is this peculiar to that age, or to that climate which you now inhabit as its special wonder? Did the ancients also know of it? Or is nature, not yet exhausted, still daily bringing forth from her own bosom many foreign and novel things that may rouse us to wonder at and contemplate them? As for Paris, I have never seen anyone more inconstant than that man. What he once eagerly wanted he no longer wants, and yet he does not dare to say plainly either what he wants or what he does not want. He fears to use you hereafter when offended, and yet he does not follow your counsels. Meanwhile the opportunity for doing the matter well and honorably slips away, and afterward he will seek it in vain. As for myself, I certainly did not advise you to summon him there; and you exchanged many letters with one another on that matter before anything of it became known to me. Later you asked me to join your side; which I did most willingly, and I omitted nothing by which I might wrest him from the others and hand him over to you. He seemed to assent more than once, and as yet he does not draw back altogether, nor does he wish to seem to have settled anything definite. Your Hedui bring you Cyprian with musty observations. Read them through at once: for they are rather brief, according to custom.
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EPISTOLA. 185 more auctoris, sed intersparsa libertate, quam tamen cruere oportet, amat enim latibula & πηποφύγετα. Possit ergo hæc editio ista ratione commendari. Vereor tamen ut hæc πρωπια corruperit Galeata Observatione, quam & Ca- tholicam dici voluit; in qua dum vult vetusta & nova conciliare, omnia susque deque habet & confundit. Hanc οi εχ ιναντια in coelum tollunt, & toti Cy- priano præferunt. Sed non ego credulus illis. Addit ad Tertullianum παρογ- λειπομενα alteris lux editioni jungenda, cum Dissertatione De Pulchritudine cor- poris, vel potius Deformitate vultus D. N. Iesu Christi. Hoc enim postre- mum asserit; & sane non paucis testimoniis veterum utitur, qui suam senten- tiam stabiliunt. Exclamare tamen libet, ō miseram diligentiam! quæ tamen & ipsa facile subvertatur. Si enim testibus res agatur, uni affirmanti plures op- poni possunt, qui contrarium dicant. Hocque jam quendam agere intelligo, ut eos componat, nec patiatur hanc labem nomini Christiano infligi, ut au- ctor salutis nostræ deformis, turpis, inhonestus, δυσενδης impune audiat. Va- le. IV. Idus Septembres. CIC ICX XLVIII. EPISTOLA CLXXXII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Unis hisce respondebo tuis, quas jam accipio binas Latinas. Mirarer si userio ageres, te, expeditæ facundæ virum, quicque veteris Romæ lin- guam melius ipso Varrone calleas, & in numerato habeas, veteri eo sermone mecum deinceps agere. Quia autem te jocari non dubito, existimo te mihi hac dialecto loquenti, non eloquenti, voluisse gratificari. Certe præter sty- li exercitationem, quam non negligendam veteres docent, hoc unum fere meum est consilium, elegantissimas tuas literas veræ & reconditæ eruditionis succo dif- fluentes elicere. Audacior etiam ero studiorum tuorum interpellator de variis rebus, quas alias nescire cogor. Paridi non amplius scribo: tuas tantum, quas mihi mandas, diligenter curo. Ejus res agitur; quia præfert lacum suum ma- ri vestro, fruatur suo perverso judicio. Quod potui, immo quod debui, ejus causa, etiam tua, feci: & hactenus nihil profeci. Cæterum non patitur digni- tas mea, ut cum hujusmodi viro ulterius, frustra & sine ulla spe successus, me committam. Omnes adhibui artes, quas posse conducere arbitratus sum, ut eum ad vota nostra flecterem. Ille vero hoc unum videtur agere, ut nihil agat. Coaxet ergo ad suam paludem. Tu expecta ηλι μικρὸς ὑσυν ὑσυν, & si pergat in proposito, hujusmodi planos plane omittamus. Animadversiones Heraldi, quæ te spectant, absolutæ sunt: & constare eas audio totis octoginta majori- bus foliis, qualia priora tria, quæ apud te extant. Non tamen statim prodibunt. typographis enim promisit, ut liber vendibilior esset, se additurum Rerum Quo- tidianarum aliquot libros, quibus ornabit jurisprudentiam millenis Observa- tionibus exquisitis. Vereor ne cum illo magno Assyriæ flumine ἐυδαν ὑδαπ A a
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EPISTLE. 185 more of the author, but interspersed with freedom, which nevertheless must be culled, for he likes hiding-places and retreats. So this edition may be recommended on that account. Yet I fear that this has been spoiled by Galeatus’s Observation, which he also wanted to be called Catholic; in which, while he tries to reconcile old and new things, he turns everything upside down and confuses it. These things those οἱ ἐχ ιναντια extol to the heavens, and prefer it above Cyprian himself. But I am not so credulous toward them. He adds to Tertullian the παρολειπομενα of others, to be joined to the edition, together with a Dissertation De Pulchritudine corporis , or rather Deformitate vultus D. N. Iesu Christi . For this last is what he asserts; and indeed he makes use of not a few testimonies of the ancients, which support his opinion. Yet I cannot help exclaiming, O miserable diligence! which, however, can easily be overthrown itself. For if the matter is to be decided by witnesses, to one who affirms, many who say the contrary can be opposed. And I understand that someone is already taking up this matter, so as to reconcile them, and not allow this stain to be inflicted on the Christian name, that the author of our salvation should be heard with impunity as deformed, ugly, and unseemly, δυσενδης . Farewell. IV Idus Septembres. 1648. EPISTLE CLXXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. I shall reply in one letter to these two of yours, which I now receive, both in Latin. I should marvel if you were serious—you, a man of ready eloquence, who know the language of ancient Rome better than Varro himself, and have it at your fingertips, to speak with me henceforth in that old tongue. But since I do not doubt that you are joking, I think you intended to oblige me, speaking in this dialect rather than eloquently. Certainly, apart from the exercise of style, which the ancients teach should not be neglected, this is almost my only purpose: to draw out your most elegant letters, flowing with the juice of true and recondite learning. I shall even be a bolder interrupter of your studies on various matters, which otherwise I am forced not to know. I no longer write to Paridius; I only attend carefully to yours, which you entrust to me. His own cause is at stake; since he prefers his own pool to your sea, let him enjoy his perverse judgment. What I could do, indeed what I ought to have done, I have done for his sake and also for yours; and so far I have accomplished nothing. Besides, my dignity does not allow me to commit myself any further with such a man, in vain and without any hope of success. I have employed every means I judged might be useful, in order to bend him to our wishes. He, however, seems to be doing only this: that he does nothing. Let him croak, then, in his own marsh. You wait ηλι μικρὸς ὑσυν ὑσυν , and if he persists in his design, let us plainly omit such clowns. Heraldes’s annotations, which concern you, are finished: and I hear that they amount to a full eighty large sheets, such as the first three that are in your possession. They will not, however, come out immediately. For he has promised the printers, in order that the book might be more saleable, that he will add a few books of Rerum Quotidianarum , with which he will adorn jurisprudence with thousands of exquisite observations. I fear lest, along with that great river of Assyria, ἐυδαν ὑδαπ A a
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CL. SARRAVI Interea auguror te constituisse hominem publice defricare, nec expectaturum ut totus defricandus appareat. In ipso limine adscribam, , . Nihil a te hac hebdomade accepi, sed scribit Elzevirius junior Te, post absolutum librum contra Heraldum, totum jam esse in adornanda Militia Romana. Bonum factum. Nec vereri debes ne tibi Divionenses objiciant, rebus istic pace compositis, post prandium, ut vulgo dicitur, sinapi apponi. Nullo enim tempore hujusmodi meditatio non est opportuna, & licet calamo præliemini, nec gladiis cessatur. Perge itaque adeo expetito operi postremam manum imponere. Vidi Ex. Loyalitæ Jarrigii nuperum scriptum adversus socios Aquitanos, quorum vita, secundum ea quæ proponuntur, nihil putidius aut scelestius unquam est auditum. Immittent procul dubio percussores, qui secretorum suorum conscium opprimant. Itaque sibi diligenter caveat bonus ille vir amicus tuus, ut eorum insidias, quin & apertam vim effugiat. Non enim ei impune fuerit tot horrenda mysteria reclusisse. Aliud te volo. Video antiquissimos codices manuscriptos Latinos & Græcos ita exaratos esse, ut nullo interstitio voces distinguantur, sed uno literarum ductu invicem cohæreant. Et hæc est summæ vetustatis nota. Velim autem scire, quo ævo distingui coeptum sit, quod antea confusè habebatur Hoc enim mirum in modum conduceret dijudicandæ ætati manuscriptorum. Si quid juvare potes Tu, qui plures istiusmodi libros versavisti, quam mortalium quispiam, fer opem & insigni beneficio litteras affeceris. Vale. Lutetiæ Parisior. XVII. Sept. CICIXLXVIII. Reverendus Albertinus amicus noster tandem absolvit magnum opus de Eucharistia Latina Lingua, in quo ex Scriptura & Patribus veram doctrinam nostram statuit adversus Romanensium & Lutheranorum quoque Arophas. Genevenses sele offerunt editioni. Sed facit elegantia typorum vestrorum ut auctor malit id istic excudi. Vide ergo num Elzevirii aut Blavius aut Hackius velint hanc spartam ornare. Moles voluminis erit ducentorum circiter majorum foliorum. EPISTOLA CLXXXIII. CL S A L M A S I U S Lutetiam. Quod petis de distinctione librorum veterum, vellem tempore opportuniore eam quæstionem mihi proponere instituisses. Si otio quippe majori abundarem, neque augustis spatiis excluderet; plenius hac de re possem tibi satisfacere. Nunc quæ in mentem venient, huic chartæ absque ulla meditatione illinam. Quod ad Græca Exemplaria attinet, de quibus primum hic agendum est; ante Aristophanem, qui primus excogitavit, & accentus invenit, nulla fuit literarum distinctio, neque subdistinctio. Uno ac perpetuo ductu sine ullo interstitio voces omnes exarari solebant, & sententiæ etiam continuari: nisi quod, ubi perfecta fuerat, non in eadem linea alteram auspicabantur
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CL. SARRAVI Meanwhile, I surmise that you have decided to give a man a public drubbing, and will not wait until he appears to be fully ready to be flayed. At the very threshold I shall add, , . I have received nothing from you this week, but Elzevirius the younger writes that you, after finishing the book against Heraldus, are now wholly engaged in preparing the Roman Militia. Well done. Nor need you fear that the men of Dijon will object to you that, with affairs there settled in peace, mustard is served after dinner, as the saying goes. For at no time is meditation of this sort not timely, and though you may wage war with the pen, the sword is not idle. Go on, therefore, and put the final hand to the long-desired work. I recently saw the latest writing of Ex. Loyalitæ Jarrigius against the Aquitanian associates, whose life, according to what is set forth, has never been heard of as more filthy or more wicked. They will undoubtedly send assassins to crush the man who knows their secrets. Therefore let that good man, your friend, take careful heed, so that he may escape both their plots and open violence. For it will not go unpunished for him to have disclosed so many dreadful mysteries. Another matter I want from you. I see that the oldest Latin and Greek manuscripts are written in such a way that there is no spacing separating the words, but they cling together in a single stroke of the letters. And this is a mark of the greatest antiquity. I should like to know, however, in what age distinguishing marks first began to be used, since formerly everything was confused. For this would wonderfully help in determining the age of manuscripts. If you can help in any way, you, who have handled more books of this kind than any mortal, lend a hand and you will have done letters a great service. Farewell. Paris, 17 September 1668. The Reverend Albertinus, our friend, has at last finished the great work on the Eucharist in the Latin tongue, in which, from Scripture and the Fathers, he establishes our true doctrine against the errors of the Romanists and also of the Lutherans. The Genevans offer themselves for the edition. But the elegance of your type makes the author prefer that it be printed there. See, then, whether Elzevir, or Blavius, or Hackius, will wish to undertake this task. The size of the volume will be about two hundred of the larger folios. EPISTOLA CLXXXIII. CL S A L M A S I U S To Paris. As to what you ask concerning the distinction of ancient books, I wish you had proposed that question to me at a more convenient time. For if I had greater leisure, and were not shut in by narrow limits, I could answer you more fully on this matter. Now I shall merely cast onto this paper whatever comes to mind, without any preparation. As for the Greek exemplars, of which this must first be treated: before Aristophanes, who was the first to devise them and invented accents, there was no distinction of letters, nor any subdivision. By one continuous stroke, without any spacing, all words used to be written, and even sentences were run on together; except that, when one was finished, they did not begin another on the same line
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EPISTOLÆ. 187 bantur: sed principium alterius lineæ, sive versus inchoabant. Inde nata distinctio per versus, qui majores aut minores erant, prout sententia pluribus aut paucioribus verbis absolvebatur. Interdum quippe duas, interdum tres aut plures lineas singuli versus occupabant. Græci sÿχις appellant. Opera autem ipsa numerabantur per versus; quorum summa in fine libri subducta, nota- batur. Inde πολύσιχον βιβλίον de grandi volumine dicebant. Diu duravit hæc ratio. In veteri codice Epistolarum Pauli, qui penes Puteanos est, ad finem totius Scripturæ Sacra librorum συχομεθίαν notatam invenies. Quæstiones Tu- sculanas in antiquissimo exemplari B. R. ita per versus distinctas reperis. At in eodem versus quomodo περισόδοι & καλε distinguisherentur, Aristophanes invenit, & notas ad hæc intervalla signanda commentus est. Tres fuere: παίδι αιμη, υποσημη, & μεσο. Primam proprie vocarunt distinctionem Latini, secundam subdistinctionem, tertiam medianam. Τελεια σημε punctum erat, quod col- locabatur in capite vel apice ultimi elementi, in quo periodus desinebat. υπο- σημη in ima litteræ parte ponebatur. Ημεση σημη ad mediam partem. Toti- dem igitur fuere puncta: sed pro situ aliter atque aliter valentia. Puncta igitur nostra singularia, & virgulæ, & duo puncta, veteribus prorsus ignorata fuere. Punctis singulis tota distinctio & subdistinctio librorum constabat, tam apud Latinos, quam apud Græcos. Nam illi ab istis sumpser. Τελεια σημη, id est punctum in apice literæ collocatum, absolvebat sententiam, απαρτιζει αἰεὶ τὴν διάνοιαν; & respondet plane nostro puncto. Reliquæ duæ subdistinctiones punctis etiam singulis notabantur; uno ad litteram mediam ultimæ dictionis, altero ad imam partem locato. Hæ ostendebant non integratam esse sententiam, sed adhuc manere suspensam, cum aliqua tamen differentia τὴς μεθ σημης & ύποσημης, quam etiam alicubi, υποπελειαν σημην vocatam ostendi. De μεση tradunt Technologi Græci, οι απαρτιζειν τὴν διάνοιαν, αἰνι αναπαύειν οι παιδη τὸ πνεύμα. De ύποσημη sive subdistinctione notant, οι απαρτιζειν eam τὴν διάνοιαν, sed ostendere τὸ μεθοντὸν αιρηθὲν αφιενα ημεμα τὴν πνευματὸν αἰς οξυ, τὸ λοιπὸν ομιλη λόγον πνεῖν. In veteri Inscriptione Smyrneorum Arundelliani marmoris sine ulla distinctione & subdistinctione, una ac perpetua serie dictiones omnes inter se cohærent: quod & in aliis antiquis Græcis inscriptionibus passim invenire est, quæ & sine accentibus scribuntur. Et certum est ad hunc plane modum etiam libros ipsos scribi solitos, idque diu observatum post repertos accentus & distinctiones. Ab antiquariis secundum antiquas rationes scribebantur, nempe sine accentu ullo, & sine ulla distinctione. Postea Grammatici, qui eos emendabant & conferebant cum antiquioribus & emendatioribus codicibus, non solum, si quid erat titubatum a librariis, corrigebant, sed etiam accentus adponebant, & distinctiones. Vidi libros vetustissimos, in quibus apparebat plane scripturam esse ab antiquiore manu, quam accentus. Nec secus fuit apud Latinos. Quod colligere possumus ex Vita Valerii Probi Grammatici apud Suetonium, qui de eo ita scribit. Multaque exemplaria contracta emendare ac distinguere & adnotare curavit: huic soli, nec alii præterea grammatices A a 2
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EPISTLES. 187 were divided: but they began the first line of the other verse. Hence arose the division by verses, which were greater or smaller, according as the sense was brought to an end in more or fewer words. Sometimes indeed a single verse occupied two, sometimes three or more lines. The Greeks call this sÿχις. But the works themselves were numbered by verses; and the total, when summed at the end of the book, was noted down. Hence they called a large volume πολύσιχον βιβλίον. This method lasted for a long time. In the ancient codex of the Epistles of Paul, which is in the possession of the Puteani, at the end of the whole body of the Sacred Scriptures you will find the βιβλιομεθία marked. In the oldest manuscript of B. R. you find the Tusculan Questions distinguished in this way by verses. But in the same work, how περισόδοι and καλε were to be distinguished, Aristophanes invented, and contrived marks to indicate these intervals. There were three: παίδι αιμη, υποσημη, and μεσο. The Latins called the first properly a distinction, the second a subdistinction, the third a median. Τελεια σημε was a point placed at the top or summit of the last element, where the period ended. υπο- σημη was placed at the lower part of the letter. Ημεση σημη at the middle part. Thus there were just as many points, but differing according to their position. Our single points, and virgules, and the two points, were wholly unknown to the ancients. With single points the whole distinction and subdistinction of books consisted, both among the Latins and among the Greeks. For the latter borrowed them from the former. Τελεια σημη, that is, the point placed at the top of a letter, completed the sentence, απαρτιζει αἰεὶ τὴν διάνοιαν; and it corresponds exactly to our point. The remaining two subdistinctions were also marked by single points; one placed at the middle of the last word’s letter, the other at the lower part. These showed that the sentence was not complete, but still remained suspended, though with some difference between τὴς μεθ σημης and ύποσημης, which was also shown elsewhere to be called υποπελειαν σημην. Concerning μεση the Greek technologists state, οι απαρτιζειν τὴν διάνοιαν, αἰνι αναπαύειν οι παιδη τὸ πνεύμα. Concerning ύποσημη, or subdistinction, they note, οι απαρτιζειν eam τὴν διάνοιαν, sed ostendere τὸ μεθοντὸν αιρηθὲν αφιενα ημεμα τὴν πνευματὸν αἰς οξυ, τὸ λοιπὸν ομιλη λόγον πνεῖν. In the ancient inscription of the Smyrnaeans on the Arundelian marble, without any distinction or subdistinction, all the words are connected together in one continuous series; and the same may be found in other ancient Greek inscriptions, which are also written without accents. And it is certain that books themselves used to be written in this very manner, and this was long observed even after accents and distinctions had been discovered. They were written by the copyists according to the ancient practice, namely without any accent and without any distinction. Later the grammarians, who corrected them and compared them with older and more accurate manuscripts, not only corrected whatever was faulty on the part of the scribes, but also added accents and distinctions. I have seen very old books in which it was plainly apparent that the writing was by an older hand than the accents. Nor was it otherwise among the Latins. This we may gather from the Life of the grammarian Valerius Probus in Suetonius, who writes thus of him: Many examples, contracted, he took care to emend, distinguish, and annotate; to him alone, and to no other besides, of grammar A a 2
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CL. S A R R A V I I matices parti deditus. Ubi vides eos Grammaticos, qui libros auctorum emendabant, etiam distinguere eosdem solitos, id est distinctiones & subdistinctiones apponere. Quod Græci dicunt Critici sicut. Græcis Criticis hunc eundem fuisse morem possem probare Epigrammate Græco, quod nunc non occurrit, nec etiam quærendo est. Duplex, ut in pauca rem contraham, distinguendi ratio fuit, qua voces singulæ invicem separabantur, & qua periodi & cola. Antiquissima exemplaria neutram habent, neque aptud Græcos, neque, apud Latinos. Tales hodie paucissimi reperiuntur. Nam plurimi, qui uncialibus & capitalibus litteris scripti sunt, voces invicem habent distinctas. Quosdam tamen vidi, qui nullam ferme vocum distinctionem ostendebant. Et, nisi allor, talis est MS. Livius Puteanorum. At in illis, qui rotundiore & minutiore charactere exarati reperiuntur, fere semper dictiones omnes distinctæ inter se apparent: sententiæ vero absolutæ solis punctis, hoc est , raræ in iis occurrunt subdistinctiones, quas tamen adhibere antiquitus solitos, & Ciceronis quidem ævo, patet ex Alconii Pediani in Verrinas notis. Orientales, ut Hebræi, Syri, & Arabes voces distinguere soliti sunt, quia literas habent vocum finales alia forma, quam quibus principia & prima notata sunt. Addo nonnulla, quibus dignosci possit antiquitas exemplarium manu exaratorum. Si quibus in libris MSS. diphtongus reperiatur AE. duabus litteris non in unam coalitis, sed separatis, expressa ad hunc modum AE, aut ae, scias codices illos & vetustos esse inprimis, & fideli manu confectos. Si aliter efficta occurrat, aut per unam literam ex duabus conflatam, aut per unicum E, cui nota supposita sit hoc modo a, qui primo modo scripti sunt, paulo majorem vetustatem redolent: qui secundo ad infimum sæculum relegari debent. Litteræ capitates non semper indicium habent majoris vetustatis. Nam & minores Characteres & vere Romani, rotundiore forma expressi, sæpe summam præ se ferunt. Sunt & litteræ, quæ vocantur Longobardica, quarum usus fuit circa Justiniani ævum, quibus multos libros olim vidi conscriptos, eosque emendatissimos. Vale. Leydæ. Ibid. Octob. CLXXXIV. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Luydunum Batavorum. Redeuntes ad nos Hedui tui, quos istuc bene advenisse gaudeo, huc quæso depexum Heraldum referant. Ut enim eum mercatorum tantum opera habeamus, longior mora foret, quam ut eam non impatienter ferremus. Quidni etiam Æoliorum fratrum Apologeticas Epistolas? Sane per eorum humanitatem licebit: & nostra refert de ista causa, quæ ventosi homines scribunt, non ignorare. Hæc itaque omnia per illos, rogo, habeamus: non enim credo eos in Batavia hiematuros. Non falsus sum opinionis super Observatione Galeana: nulli, cui sanum sit sinciput, placere possit. Non in eo tamen, mea senten-
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CL. SARRAVIUS devoted to nuances of style. Where you see those Grammarians who were correcting the books of authors, you also see that they were accustomed to distinguish them, that is, to add distinctiones and subdistinctiones. What the Greeks call Critici likewise. I could prove from a Greek epigram that this same custom existed among the Greek critics, but it does not now come to hand, nor is it worth searching for. In brief, there was a twofold method of distinguishing: one by which single words were separated from one another, and another by which periods and cola were separated. The oldest exemplars have neither, neither among the Greeks nor among the Latins. Such are found today only very rarely. For most manuscripts written in uncial and capital letters have words separated from one another. Yet I have seen some which showed scarcely any separation of words. And, unless I am mistaken, such is the MS. Livy of the Puteani. But in those written in a rounder and smaller hand, the words are almost always seen distinct from one another; but finished sentences, marked only by points, that is, the subdistinctions are rare in them, although it is clear from the notes of Alconius Pedianus on the Verrines that these were anciently accustomed to be used, and indeed in Cicero's age. The eastern peoples, such as the Hebrews, Syrians, and Arabs, were accustomed to distinguish words, because they have the letters at the ends of words in a different form from those by which the beginnings and first parts are marked. I add certain points by which the antiquity of manuscripts written by hand may be recognized. If in any MSS. books the diphthong AE appears, not fused into one by two letters, but expressed separately in this manner AE or ae, you may know that those codices are especially old and made by a careful hand. If it appears otherwise formed, either made from two letters into one, or by a single E with a mark placed beneath it in this way a, those written in the first manner savor of somewhat greater antiquity; those in the second must be relegated to the latest age. Capital letters are not always proof of greater antiquity. For smaller characters, and truly Roman ones, expressed in a rounder form, often bear the highest antiquity. There are also letters called Longobardic, whose use was around the age of Justinian, and in which I once saw many books written, and those very carefully corrected. Farewell. Leyden. There. Octob. CLXXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Luydunum Batavorum. Let your Hedui, returning to us, whom I am glad to know have arrived there safely, please bring the polished Heraldus here. For if we were to have him only by the agency of merchants, there would be a longer delay than we could bear with patience. Why not also the Apologetic Epistles of the Aeolian brothers? Surely, through their kindness, it will be possible; and it concerns us, in this matter, not to be ignorant of what these windy men write. So let us have all these things through them, I beg; for I do not believe they will winter in Batavia. I was not mistaken in my opinion about Galeanus' Observation: it could please no one whose head is sound. Not in that, however, my judg-
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EPISTOLA. 189 sententia, quod existimet Matthæum, Joannem & Paulum non idem loqui de Eucharistia. Hac enim in re pro nobis facit. Nostri enim Doctores omnes affirmant, & recte quidem, Joannis caput sextum neutiquam intelligendum de manducatione corporis Christi sacramentali, cujus tum temporis nondum institutum fuerat mysterium. Contentiunt etiam e Pontificiis plurimi: illi maxime, qui seculo præterito contra Bohemos, utriusque speciei communione urgentes, disputabant. Ut enim argumento e versiculo LIII. petito, Nisi manducaveritis carnem filii hominis, & biberitis ejus sanguinem, non habebitis vitam in vobis, se expedirent; negabant ibi agi de Eucharistiæ sacramento & manducatione reali vel potius orali: sed tantum de manducatione spirituali, quæ sola fide peragitur, sine ulla signorum participatione. In aliis ergo vapulet Rigaltius: sed hic cum volo non tantum excusatum, sed culpæ immunem. Ante aliquot menses ab Hugonis Grotii vidua extorquere conabar Historiam Belgicam, ridiculis I I. M. Librarum nostratium; sed vanus fuit meus labor, dum illam pluris adhuc licetur. Hinc paucos post dies ad vos discedere cogitat cum isto thesauro, quem typographis vestris venditabit. Velim liberaliorem inveniat emptorem, ut aliquando tanto bono fruamur. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisiorum XVI. Octob. CIC IIC XLVIII. EPISTOLA CLXXXV. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Dum adhuc licet per strigilem tuam, nondum hic quenquam defricantem, cursitat tuus Advocatus, ut te, quantum potest, traducat. Adfuit quoque mihi nudius tertius, & de Grammatica quæstiuncula controversiam fecit, & multa dixit, quæ paucis credidi ad te referenda. Negat inquit Salmasius, in observationibus ad Ius Att. & Rom. in lege Solonis, quæ habetur ult de fin. Reg. bene vulgo legi Unde enim, inquit, illud factum, aut qua forma? Deinde extremo capite, nec Gracum est nec Articum. In quibus tuis verbis puerile peccatum se magistrali virga castigasse insolentius jactitat. Quis enim inquit in Grammatica Græca adeo est , qui nesciat esse tertiam personam Aoristi secundis subjunctivi modi, si fodiat, si foderit. Certo enim certius est in quarta conjugatione, cum futurum habeat , aoristum accipere [etc: ] , Adeandem formam , & in aoristosecundo subjunctivi modi . Hæc ille: quæ an belle procedant, si tanti esse existimaveris, ad examen revocabis. In ista sane observatiuncula adeo sibi blanditur, ut aperte neget te suam ferulam posse effugere. Misi ante aliquot menses ad . Vossium additamenta quædam Jacobi Carmelitæ, quibus parentis ejus libri de Historicis Gr. & Lat. A a 3 melio-
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EPISTLE. 189 in the opinion that he thinks Matthew, John, and Paul do not speak the same thing about the Eucharist. In this matter, indeed, it is in our favor. For all our Doctors affirm, and rightly too, that John chapter six is by no means to be understood of the sacramental eating of the body of Christ, whose mystery had not yet then been instituted. Very many of the Papists agree as well, especially those who, in the last century, were disputing against the Bohemians, who pressed the communion in both kinds. For in order to escape the argument taken from verse 53, “Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you will not have life in you,” they denied that the sacrament of the Eucharist, or real, or rather oral, eating was there being discussed; but only spiritual eating, which is accomplished by faith alone, without any participation in the signs. Let Rigaltius then be cudgelled in other matters; but here I want him not merely excused, but free from blame. A few months ago I was trying to extort from the widow of Hugo Grotius the Historia Belgica, with ridiculous 11,000 pounds of our money; but my labor was vain, since she still values it more highly. Hence, a few days from now she intends to depart to you with that treasure, which she will sell to your printers. I should like her to find a more generous buyer, so that we may at last enjoy so great a good. Farewell, and love me. Paris, 16 October 1648. EPISTLE CLXXXV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. While your Advocate still has leave to run about by means of your strigil, though no one is yet being scrubbed here, he is doing his best to drag you along. The day before yesterday he also came to me, and raised a controversy over a small grammatical question, and said many things which I thought should be reported to you in few words. He says that Salmasius, in the observations on Roman and Attic law, in the law of Solon, which is found in the last section de fin. Reg., rightly reads in common usage, “Unde enim,” he says, “was that made, or in what form?” Then at the end of the chapter, “nec Gracum est nec Articum.” In these words of yours he boasts rather insolently that he has chastised a boyish fault with a master’s rod. For who, he says, in Greek grammar is so ignorant as not to know that there is a third person of the aorist in the second person of the subjunctive mood, as in si fodiat, si foderit. For it is absolutely certain that in the fourth conjugation, since it has a future, it receives an aorist, etc.; to the very same form also in the aorist second of the subjunctive mood. This is what he says; whether it proceeds well, if you think it worth so much, you will call it back to examination. In that little observation he flatters himself so much that he openly denies that you can escape his ferule. A few months ago I sent to Vossius certain addenda by Jacobus the Carmelite, by which his father’s books On Greek and Latin Historians A a 3 were improved-
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CL. S A R R A V I I meliores & auctiores fierent. An acceperit, nescio, quia nihil rescripsit. Habet tamen alia multa, quæ idem Monachus, talium peritissimus, mecum communicavit: quæ non mittam, nisi de prioribus gratum animum fuerit testatus, eaque placuisse cognovero. Cum Moro tuo ad meliorem mentem reverso, in gratiam, quia jubes, libenter redibo. Spem faciebat nuper de posthumis Claudii Mezeriaci colligendis. Inter quæ cum Heroidum epistolarum partem alteram, tum Apollodorum cum notis, uti solebat, accuratissimis, maxime optem. Te amico vir doctissimus ille gloriabatur: debes ergo tu quoque ejus honori consulere, ut mecum Morum urgeas ad id perficiendum. Dudum enim hoc saxum frustra volvo. Habeam quæso, per Heduorum tuorum reditum, Heraldum defricatum & Apologeticas fratrum & Vincentii Epistolas: quod solveris pretium, refundam cum gratiarum actione. Ridiculus Allatius eruditis ludibrium debet. Nolim ut ad cum confutandum Physicas observationes interjungas. In iis enim te jam esse totum, vulgo hic dicitur. An id me celatum oportuit? Modo valeas & scribas, scribe quod animo illubescet tuo. Vale ergo & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisior. XXIII. Octobris CICLOXLVIII. EPISTOLA CLXXXVI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Eximia sunt, rara & scitu dignissima, quæ scripsisti super quæstione, quam tibi proposueram. Vellem & per otium licuisset quærere Epigramma Græcum, cujus meministi, & annotatis addere. Verissimum est autem quod affirmas, pluribus manu exaratis codicibus solis litteris primitus descriptis, accentus postea superadditos fuisse. Hoc enim malam manum fecisse in Paulinarum Epistolarum codice Puteanæo olim animadverti: Et idem factum esse in Bibliis Hebraicis B. R. soli exci dubitare possint. Quo autem sæculo vixerit Aristophanes ille Grammaticus, prolodiæ & accentuum inventor, adhuc quæro. An ille est, cujus meminit Suidas, quem Byzantinum facit, & ait floruisse : quod quid sit, fateor me ignorare & locum cubare in mendo existimo. Tres enim istæ litteræ numerales nulli Olympiadi conveniant & , isto loco positum, non est numerale. Suidas, quo utor, editus est Venetiis ab Aldo anno proxime præteriti seculi decimo quarto. Video tamen Æmilium Portum in sua Suidæ endos legere tantum , quod Olympiadem XLV. designat, & melius procedit. Iterum cogitanti de puerili, ut arbitrabatur Heraldus, errore tuo in lege Solonis, succurrit certissima tui defendendi ratio. enim, hisce literis scriptum licet in Pandectis Florentinis, non est Græcum: & falsum est, quod ait Advocatus in tertia persona Aoristi secundi subjunctivi modi a verbo formari debere. Ignoravit scilicet, quod olim in Schola discipulos suos docuit, verba ab o parvo incipientia in
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CL. SARRAVIUS would become better and more extensive. Whether he received it, I do not know, because he sent back nothing in reply. He has, however, many other things, which that same Monk, a man most skilled in such matters, communicated to me: I shall not send these unless he has shown himself grateful for the earlier ones, and I have learned that they pleased him. With your More, now returned to a better frame of mind, I shall gladly be on friendly terms again, since you so order it. He was lately giving hope of collecting the posthumous works of Claudius Mezeriacus. Among these, I especially desire both the second part of the Heroides letters and Apollodorus, with notes, as precise as he was accustomed to make them. That most learned man boasted of you as a friend: you therefore also ought to look to his honor, by urging More with me to bring this to completion. For I have long been rolling this stone in vain. I ask that, on the return of your Heduans, I may have the cleaned-up Heralduus and the Apologetic Letters of the brothers and Vincentius: whatever price you have paid, I shall refund with thanks. The ridiculous Allatius owes scholars a mockery. I would not have you interpose Physical observations to refute him. For among us here it is already commonly said that you are wholly occupied with those matters. Ought I to have been kept in the dark about this? As long as you are well and write, write whatever pleases your own mind. Farewell, then, and love me. At Paris, 23 October 1648. EPISTLE CLXXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. The things you have written about the question I proposed to you are excellent, rare, and most worthy of being known. I wish I had had leisure also to look for the Greek epigram you mentioned, and to add it to the notes. But it is quite true, as you affirm, that in many manuscript codices, originally written out with letters alone, the accents were added later. For I once observed this in the Puteanean codex of the Pauline Epistles, that a bad hand had done it; and the same thing is evident in the Hebrew Bibles, where only the most ignorant could doubt it. What century, however, did that grammarian Aristophanes live in, the inventor of prosody and accents? I am still inquiring. Is he the one mentioned by Suidas, whom he calls a Byzantine, and says flourished: what this means, I confess I do not know, and I think the passage rests on a corruption of the text. For those three numeral letters do not fit any Olympiad, and the mark placed in that spot is not a numeral. The Suidas I use was published at Venice by Aldus in the fourteenth year of the century just past. Yet I see that Aemilius Portus in his edition of Suidas reads only endos , which indicates the forty-fifth Olympiad, and that makes better sense. Returning again to your error in the law of Solon, which Heralduus thought childish, there came to mind the surest way of defending you: for the word written with these letters in the Florentine Pandects is not Greek; and what the Advocate says is false, namely that it ought to be formed in the third person, subjunctive mood, aorist second, from the verb. He was evidently unaware of what he once taught his own pupils in school, that verbs beginning with the small o in
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EPISTOLA. 191 in Aoristis accipere o magnum. Legi itaque hic debet , & bene asseruisti Græca forma non esse percussum. Melius tamen procedit tuum , immo nisi longiuscule a recepta scriptura abesse videatur. Cæterum , : invito enim ludimagistro licebit mihi cum Aristophanis Satrapa impune . Nempe penes me est specimen tuum. Jambi Arcadiæ pecuaria quam altum rudere cogunt: quam elegantes sunt, quam acres, quam atroces! Ille vero, in furias ignemque ruit . Hactenus, inquit, levi manu cum eo egeram, deinceps decretoriis armis est mihi confodiendus. Eum maxime urit, quod de ejus patre Bombardario, an Bombardista? sæpius inculcasti. Atqui militum dux erat, inquit, & quidem egregie strenuus, & pro Principe fortiter dimicans occubuit. Volebam de ipso argumento aliquid addere, sed liber mihi ereptus est, & paucis adhuc hic exemplaribus per Urbem vagatur. Donec ergo ad me redierit, plura scribere superfedebo. De Paulino loco quæ scribis, scrupulum non eximunt. Dicebam mendosum videri & hiulcam esse orationem: Negas sed . Omnino, quicquid eleves, vulgatus textus, qui belle procederet in hunc modum restitutus: ( scilicet promissus) . Sed religio est quicquam mutare. Verus ergo sensus exsculpendus est ex verbis, prout jacent, vel potius divinandus, quod est in proclivi. Virgilii locum a te laudatum in Æneide, Crastina lux spectabis cadis acervos, Cubare in mendo Servius dudum monuit & legi oportere spectabit: & contra sentientes erroris notavit. Vides me non adeo pronis auribus accipere quæcunque a te afferuntur, quod aliquando mihi exprobrasti. Quamvis Hedui tui Lutetiam non venissent, saltem Caleti vel Diepæ appellantes sieri non poterat, quin Divionem proficiscentes propter hanc Urbem transirent & res diu desideratas redderent. Expectabo alia occasione nova quæ promittis. Nihil unquam ad Diodatum Genevensem tuo nomine misi, quem tibi amicum hactenus nesciveram. Recordari autem non possim, an ad Gothofredum & Morum missa sint a me bina exemplaria tuorum Climactericorum. Sed vere affirmem me verum ac fidum catalogum eorum, quæ sparsi huc illuc, tibi transmisisse. Vale cum tua a me ac mea . Lutetiæ Parisiorum. 6. Novembris 1648. EPISTOLA CLXXXVII. CL. SALMASIUS Claudio Sarravio. Lutetiam. Non dubium est quin Aristophanes, de quo Suidas, sit ille Byzantinus, qui Grammaticam Alexandriæ docuit; immo & didicit præceptoribus Cal- limacho & Zenodoto: isto Alexandrino, illo Cyrenco; sed in Alexandria do- ctore Grammatico: unde & quando vixerit licet conjectare. Nam dicit ibi Suidas,
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EPISTLE. 191 in Aorists to take, O great one. Therefore it should be read here, and you have rightly asserted that the Greek form has not been struck. Yet your reading proceeds better, indeed unless it seems to differ rather too much from the received text. Besides, for I shall be allowed, against the schoolmaster’s wishes, to deal with Aristophanes’ satrap with impunity. Certainly your specimen is in my possession. The Arcadian herds of Jambus, how loudly they are made to bleat: how elegant they are, how sharp, how fierce! But that man, in a frenzy and in fire, rushes on. “Thus far,” he says, “I have dealt with him with a light hand; from now on he must be stabbed with decisive weapons.” What especially burns him is that you repeatedly pressed the matter of his father Bombardarius, or should it be Bombardista? Yet, he says, he was a commander of soldiers, and indeed most outstandingly energetic, and, fighting bravely for the Prince, he fell. I wanted to add something on that very subject, but the book has been torn from me, and only a few copies are still wandering about the city. Until then it comes back to me, I shall refrain from writing more. The scruples you mention about the passage in Paulinus do not remove the difficulty. I was saying that the wording seemed corrupt and the language abrupt: you deny it, but still. In any case, whatever you may object to, the received text could be neatly restored in this way: ( namely, the promised one). But there is a scruple about changing anything. Therefore the true sense must be chiselled out from the words as they stand, or rather divined, which is easy enough. The passage of Virgil you praised in the Aeneid, “Tomorrow’s light you will behold the heaps of jars,” Servius long ago noted as being in error and said it should be read spectabit; and he marked those who thought otherwise as mistaken. You see that I do not receive everything you bring with such ready ears, which you once reproached me for. Although your Heduans did not come to Paris, at least by calling at Calais or Dieppe they could not fail, on their way to Dijon, to pass through this city and deliver the things long desired. I shall wait for another occasion for the new things you promise. I have never sent anything in your name to the Genevan Diodatus, whom I had not hitherto known as your friend. Nor can I remember whether I sent two copies of your Climacterics to Gothofredus and Morus. But I can truly affirm that I sent you a true and faithful catalogue of the things that I scattered here and there. Farewell, together with yours from me and mine. Paris, November 6, 1648. EPISTLE CLXXXVII. CL. SALMASIUS to Claude Saumaise. Paris. There is no doubt that Aristophanes, of whom Suidas speaks, is that same man from Byzantium who taught grammar at Alexandria; indeed he also studied under Callimachus and Zenodotus as teachers, the one being of Alexandria, the other of Cyrene; but in Alexandria as a teacher of grammar: from which, and when, he lived, one may conjecture. For there Suidas says,
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CL. SARRAVII Suidas, puerum quidem, Callimachi discipulum fuisse, at juvenem, Zeno- doti. Callimachum constat floruisse sub Ptolemæo Philadelphio, & poema scripsisse in Berenices uxoris ejus crines, quod a Catullo Latinis versibus expressum hodie extat. Usque ad tempora Euergetis Ptolemæi ætatem extendisse proditur ille Callimachus. Inde igitur possumus veritatem, quæ corrupta legitur apud Suidam, eruere. In Editione Frobeniana non habetur ut in tua, sed . Atque ita etiam reperies scriptum in Codice Regio. Sed omni- no excidit una litera, & rescribi debet , centesimam & quadragesimam quintam Olympiadem. Euergetes Ptolemæus, sub quodiem suum obiit Callimachus, regnare cæpit Olympiade cxxxii. Apud Suidam perperam habetur Euergeten regnum auspicatum esse anno secundo Olympiadis cxxvii. Ex his sane vides, si Aristophanes Callimachum puer audivit, quisub Euergete mortuus est, non abhorrere ut floruerit ipse circa Olympiadem cxliii. Ut- ut sit de tempore ferme constat, quo vixit hic Aristophanes, nempe sub Pto- lemæo Euergete, atque etiam sub Philopatore, in cujus imperii finem cadit illa cxliii. Olympias Ut hinc etiam statui videatur posse, sub Epiphane Pto- lemæo hunc Aristophanem in Grammatica illustrem fuisse. Iste Aristopha- nes fecit, ut meminerim explicare versus illos Poetæ, de quibus olim rogaveras, ipse oblitus fueram. In Lysistrata scribendum est ut stet ver- sus. In sequenti tam legis metricæ, quam orationis Græcæ gratia legendum: . Breve est tempus nubendi mulieribus, quod si non prehenderint, effugit et elabitur. Senlus horum verborum , non est quem interpretes hariolati sunt. Nec enim vaticina- ri est, sed vates consulere, auguriis et omnibus attendere, & quod Græci dicunt . Hoc vetulæ virgines faciebant, quod & nostræ factitant. Consulunt hariolos & sortilegos de nuptiis suis: quando nimirum nupturæ sint, quales maritos habituræ? Sortilegia etiam faciunt, ut futurum super hac re cognoscant. Hoc est plane , , & auguriæ captare de futuro conjugio. Dido amans apud Virgilium ita etiam , Æneid. IV. ---- pecudumque reclusis Visceribus inhians, spirantia consulit exta. Quantum mihi placuerit Commentarii in Apocalypsin Launæi tui lectio, non possum exprimere. Maximam quoque se in eo percurrendo voluptatem cum fructu percepisse, Hottonus Amstelodamensis Ecclesiastes ad me scripsit. Do- leo istud Opus hic edi non posse. Infelicia tempora hæc licet clamare, in quibus futilia multa scripta editores suos passim nanciscuntur & emptores, cum utilia jaceant. Quid facias? ita vivitur. Non solum , quod ille Sophus jactabat olim, sed etiam . Nihil addam amplius, nisi ut me ames; quod, scio, facis. Vale Leydæ. II. Novemb. CIC IXC XLVIII. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVII Suidas says that he was indeed a boy, a disciple of Callimachus, but, as a young man, of Zenodotus. It is established that Callimachus flourished under Ptolemy Philadelphus, and wrote a poem on the hair of Berenice his wife, which is today extant in Latin verses by Catullus. That Callimachus is reported to have extended his life down to the times of Ptolemy Euergetes. From this, then, we may recover the truth which is found corrupted in Suidas. In the Frobenian edition it is not given as in yours, but . And so you will also find it written in the Royal Codex. But one letter has certainly dropped out, and it ought to be rewritten, the one hundred and forty-fifth Olympiad. Ptolemy Euergetes, under whom Callimachus died, began to reign in the 132nd Olympiad. In Suidas it is wrongly given that Euergetes began his reign in the second year of the 127th Olympiad. From these things you surely see, if Aristophanes heard Callimachus as a boy, and he died under Euergetes, that it is not inconsistent that he himself flourished around the 143rd Olympiad. However it may be with the time, it is almost certain when this Aristophanes lived, namely under Ptolemy Euergetes, and also under Philopator, at the end of whose reign that 143rd Olympiad falls. Hence it also seems able to be established that under Ptolemy Epiphanes this Aristophanes was distinguished in Grammar. That Aristophanes made me remember to explain those verses of the poet about which you once asked; I had myself forgotten. In the Lysistrata it should be written so that the verse stands. In the next passage, for the sake both of the metrical rule and of the Greek language, it should be read: . The time for marriage is short for women; if they do not seize it, it escapes and slips away. The sense of these words is not what the commentators have divined. For it is not to prophesy, but to consult the seer, to pay attention to omens and all such things, and what the Greeks call . This old women used to do, and our women do the same. They consult fortune-tellers and soothsayers about their marriages: when they are to marry, what sort of husbands they are to have? They also perform divinations, so that they may learn what is to come in this matter. This is plainly , , and to catch auguries about a future marriage. Dido, in love in Virgil, does likewise, Aeneid IV. ---- peering into the opened entrails of cattle, she consults the breathing entrails. How much pleasure I have felt in reading your Launæus’s Commentary on the Apocalypse, I cannot express. Hotton, the ecclesiastic of Amsterdam, also wrote to me that in going through it he had experienced the greatest pleasure and profit. I regret that this work cannot be published here. One may cry out, “O unhappy times,” in which many trivial writings find publishers and buyers everywhere, while useful works lie neglected. What can one do? so it goes. Not only , as that Sophus used to boast, but also . I shall add nothing more, except that you love me; which, I know, you do. Farewell at Leyden. 2 Nov. 1648. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 193 EPISTOLA CLXXXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. Ante annum quidem & amplius comparavi mihi aliquot Codices manu- scriptos ex Bibliotheca, quæ fuerat olim Joannis Tilii, Meldensis Episcopi, sed omnes fere, præter unum Virgilium Servii, & alterum Cypriani & Augu- stini, varios habentem tractatus posterioris ætatis & sequioris notæ. Ab illo vero tempore, uti & antea, versavi satis multos N. T. veteres libros, etiam manu exaratos, præsertim vero Puteanæum, qui unus instar omnium, Paulinas quod spectat Epistolas, quas solas habet. Quia autem huic postremo accentus a mala manu additi fuere, scire volui, quando nati sint isti accentus, & quando vulgari scripturæ superponi coepti. Quibus meis quæsitis plane satisfecisti & magnas habeo agoque gratias. Sicut etiam quod me docueris, quæ ratione re- tundendus sit Advocatus tui, ut existimat, triumphator, sed hactenus nec in jure Attico aut Romano, neque in Grammatica Græca. Urgebat tamen præci- pue, quod negasses ὑρύνη Græca forma dici posse: idque revincere se putabat allatis argumentis, quæ ad te retuli. Ego vero aliam tui defendendi credebam reperisse idoneam rationem: an tibi arriserit proximis tuis cognoscam. Quan- do autem per recurrentem nimium sæpe podagram vetaris majori operi ma- nus admovere, vellem meminisse velles promissi mihi olim Epictetei textus emaculatoris, ubi aliquas ferias indulserit sævus & atrox dolor. Tantum expeto ut inter varias lectiones, quibus editio Plantini onerata est, commo- dissimam eligas, aliis rejectis, & emendes quæ emendenda judicaveris: quo la- bore, ne quidem podagrico ingrato futuro, magnam a me gratiam inieris. Ego quoque podager hæc vice quatriduanus a te hoc postulo. Moles volu- minis vel in lecto potest tractari. Scribam Gallice cras de vestris lanificiis, quæ e re vestra esse existimabo. Misi ad Puteanos quas utrique scripsisti: eos enim jam convenire non possum. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisiorum VIII. Novembris 15C XLVIII. EPISTOLA CLXXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Iacobo Usserio Armachano. Londinum. PRidem accepi quam misisti capsulam, Illustrissime Antistes, in qua mul- ta tua habebantur, Puteano, Blondello, Justello, Bootio, Sirmondo & Petavio reddenda. Statim mandato officio defunctus sum, nec dubito illos tibi dudum gratias egisse. Ego mihi servavi, quæ inveni meo nomine præno- tata, pro quibus maguas habeo & ago gratias. Præsertim vero ἰυδρεῖνη ἐἰ καρδία μὴ ἐγαπιάστον ἐγλῶσα μὴ, viso specimine Alexandrini exemplaris, Bb quod
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EPISTLES. 193 EPISTLE CLXXXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Leyden. More than a year ago I acquired for myself several manuscripts from the library that had once belonged to Jean Tilius, Bishop of Meaux; but almost all of them, except for one Virgil of Servius and another of Cyprian and Augustine containing various treatises of a later age and a more recent hand, are of that sort. Since that time, as before, I have handled a good many old books of the New Testament, even those written by hand, especially the Puteanean copy, which alone is worth them all as far as the Pauline Epistles are concerned, which it alone contains. But since accents had been added to this last one by a bad hand, I wanted to know when those accents came into being, and when they began to be superimposed on ordinary writing. You have fully satisfied my inquiries, and I am greatly obliged to you and give you many thanks. Likewise for teaching me by what means your Advocate, as he thinks, the triumpher, is to be refuted, though so far neither in Attic nor Roman law, nor in Greek grammar. He was especially pressing, however, because you had denied that ὑρύνη could be said to be a Greek form: and he thought he could disprove that by the arguments I referred to you. For my part, I believed I had found another suitable way of defending you; whether it has pleased you I shall learn from your next letter. And since you are prevented by a recurring and all-too-frequent gout from putting your hand to a larger work, I should like you to remember the promise you once made me of the emendation of Epictetus, when cruel and violent pain should grant you some respite. I ask only that, among the various readings with which the Plantin edition is burdened, you choose the most suitable one, rejecting the others, and correct what you judge should be corrected: by which labor, even if it should not be unpleasant to a gout-ridden man, you will earn from me a great debt of gratitude. I too, being a gout sufferer on this occasion for four days, ask this of you. The bulk of the volume can be handled even in bed. I shall write in French tomorrow about your wool works, which I shall judge to be in your interest. I have sent on to the Puteans what you wrote to each of them, for I can no longer meet with them in person. Farewell, and love me. At Paris, 8 November 1548. EPISTLE CLXXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS to James Ussher, Archbishop of Armagh. London. I recently received the little packet you sent, Most Illustrious Prelate, in which many things of yours were contained, to be delivered to Puteanus, Blondel, Justel, Boot, Sirmond, and Petau. I immediately discharged the commission entrusted to me, and I do not doubt that they have long since thanked you. I kept for myself what I found marked with my own name, for which I give you many thanks and am much obliged. Especially for ἰυδρεῖνη ἐἰ καρδία μὴ ἐγαπιάστον ἐγλῶσα μὴ, after seeing a specimen of the Alexandrian copy, Bb which
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Ludunum Bataverum. Nullas ad me dedit literas Paris noster, sed tantum hasce ad te, ex industria, ut vides, male signatas. Voluit scilicet ut eas legerem, & viderem se aliquando tuis consiliis obsecutum, omnes moras rupisse, ut evaderet, erumperet, effugeret: quod jam bonum factum, melius adhuc ante sex septemve menses fuisset. Donec tamen cum sciam extra Allobrogum fines constitutum, non libet epiniscium canere , adeo . Cum tamen ut ait, ex ambone populo valedixerit, eum pudebit consilium mutare. Post anni integri moram recensere jam recusat Gothofredus Parentis
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Ludunum Bataverum. Our Parisian friend has given me no letters, but only these to you, deliberately, as you see, badly addressed. He wished, no doubt, that I should read them, and see that at last he had obeyed your advice, broken through all delays, so as to escape, break out, and get away: which, though now a good deed, would have been still better six or seven months ago. Still, since I know that he is established beyond the borders of the Allobroges, I do not care to sing a song of victory, so to speak. Yet, as he says, having taken leave of the people from the pulpit, he will be ashamed to change his decision. After the delay of a whole year, Gothofredus now refuses to recount Parentis
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E P I S T O L A E. 195 tis notas in corpus juris civilis. Significavi itaque Elzevirii se posse quando- cumque inchoare præclaram illius operis editionem, quam jamdudum medi- tantur. Sed commoda illis exemplum tuum, ut ex eo flores colligant, per ju- risprudentiæ latifundia spargendos. Dicent antecessores Andegavenses & Aqui- sextienses te non Jurisconsultum fundamenta juris convellere: Nos dicemus il- los non sapere. Quam multa enim sunt injure, quæ a notitia sermonis Latini & Græci pendent potius, quam a Jurisconsultorum formulis. Sane qui verba nescit, frustra & falso se res intelligere posse sine illis existimet. Quam mul- ta antea occulta & penitus ignota nos docuerunt, quihumanioribus litteris dili- genter incubuerant Alciatus & Cujacius, quæ Accursius & Bartolus perverse fue- rant interpretati propter illarum ignorationem? Septimana præterita vexatus fui nephriticis doloribus, qui vires meas mirum in modum fregerunt. Con- valescere tamen incipio. Immo morborum sedem deserui, & Valentiam ocu- lis prosequor. Tu vale semper. Lutetiæ Parisiorum IV. Decemb. CICLOXLVIII. E P I S T O L A CXCI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Hic quoque vidimus pusillum illum Dialogum, cui titulum facis Cate- chismum doctrinæ Salmuriensis. Nihil levius aut futilius ista scriptiun- cula, quam etiam mulierculæ derident. Non prostat venalis apud quemquam bibliopolam, sed per domos missitatur malo animo, ut scilicet tranquillitas Ecclesiæ nostræ, in doctrina de universalitate Gratiæ divinæ concordis, turbetur. Hactenus neglectum est inquiri in auctorem, quem ajunt esse quendam Cat- terium in Græcis non ineruditum, sed in Theologia parum verlatum, a cu- jus etiam studio destiterit monentibus Pastoribus nostris aliisque, qui cum huic muneri obeundo minus idoneum judicaverant. Si quid tamen mei est judicii, hujus nomen obtenditur, ut verus auctor, vir suo judicio summus, sed reve- ra eruditione valde communi tinctus, lateat. Quicquid sit, parum nobis pe- riculi ab istis insidiis, qui ne quidem totas Batavicas acies formidamus. Ca- terum hoc dolo maligne utuntur, quia ante aliquot menses vetuit presbyte- rium nostrum publice divendi Carentoni P. Molinxi Gallicum librum istic excusum, cum titulo Controversiarum Salmuriensium Elucidationes, quade re bonus ille Senex cum suis sectatoribus tanquam de insigni injuria conquestus est. Factum id tamen decretum nemine penitus dissentiente, ne illis quidem, qui alias ipsi apertius favent. Accinxit se Advocatus confutationi tui speciminis, cujus vidi integrum ternionem majorem excusum, quem audio istuc esse mil- sum . Quasdam ex eo eclogas conficere libuit, quas ecce hic habes. Existimat te a se insigni affectum injuria, cum te vocaverit Pro- fessorem honorarium & D. H. Viri doctissimi collegam. Utinam hæc qua- liscunque contumelia a te obtineret tractatum tuum de Titulis & Dignitatibus Bb 2 hono-
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E P I S T O L A E. 195 thus notes in the body of civil law. I therefore informed Elzevir that he could whenever begin the splendid edition of that work, which they have long been meditating. But make your example available to them, so that from it they may gather flowers to be scattered through the broad fields of jurisprudence. The professors of Angers and Aix will say that you, not a jurist, are overthrowing the foundations of law; we shall say that they do not know what they are talking about. For how many things there are in law that depend rather on knowledge of the Latin and Greek language than on the formulas of the jurists. Indeed, whoever does not know the words, let him vainly and falsely imagine that he can understand the matters without them. How many things once hidden and utterly unknown were taught us by Alciatus and Cujacius, who had diligently devoted themselves to humane letters, which Accursius and Bartolus had perversely interpreted because of their ignorance of them? Last week I was tormented by nephritic pains, which astonishingly weakened my strength. Nevertheless I am beginning to recover. Nay, I have left the seat of illness, and with my eyes I follow Valencia. Farewell always. At Paris, 4 December 1648. E P I S T O L A CXCI. CL. S A R R A V I U S To Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. Here too we have seen that tiny Dialogue, to which you give the title Catechism of the Saumur doctrine. Nothing is more trifling or more futile than that little writing, which even women laugh at. It is not offered for sale by any bookseller, but is being sent around privately from house to house with evil intent, namely that the peace of our Church, in the doctrine concerning the universality of divine Grace, may be disturbed. Hitherto it has been neglected to inquire into the author, whom they say is one Catterius, not unlearned in Greek, but little versed in Theology, from whose study our Pastors and others also withdrew, having advised him, since they judged him less fit to undertake this duty. If, however, I have any judgment in the matter, this name is put forward so that the true author, a man supreme in his own judgment, but in reality very ordinary in learning, may remain hidden. Whatever the case may be, we have little danger from such plots, we who are not even afraid of the whole Batavian line of battle. Moreover they maliciously use this trick because some months ago our presbytery forbade public sale at Charenton of the French book of P. Molinxi, printed there, under the title Elucidations of the Saumur Controversies, over which the good old man with his followers complained as of a notable injury. Yet that decree was made with absolutely no one dissenting, not even those who otherwise openly favor them. The Advocate has set himself to the refutation of your specimen, of which I have seen a whole large quire printed, which I hear has been sent there. I was pleased to make certain excerpts from it, which here you have. He thinks that you have been notably wronged by him when he called you an honorary Professor and the colleague of D. H., a most learned man. Would that this sort of insult might induce you to your treatise on Titles and Dignities of hono-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Vincentio Fabricio. Hactenus me poenituerat, petentibus Elzevirius facilius concessisse, quas diligenter conquisitas mihi servabam, Grotii ad Gallos Epistolas. Tot enim mendis deformis editæ sunt, ut si revivisceret suspiciendus post futuris seculis omnibus auctor, eas pro suis vix, saltem non sine verecundia agnosceret. Verumtamen, quia video qualemcumque conatum nostrum tibi non improbari, habeo quod mihi gaudeam, desecunda præsertim, quam apud eosdem procurare non cesso, Editione auctiore & emendatiore. Certe tanti viri amicitia liceat mihi superbire, cui vel innotuisse non potest non esse gloriosum. Quanti autem te fecerit tuamque eruditionem, non ignorabit hæc aut ventura ætas, apud quas deposuit meritorum tuorum luculentissimum testimonium. Cum eo nempe communicaveram, ut solebam mea fere omnia, sublimis spiritus Elegiam, quam ad me e Biturigibus miseras, humanitatis erga me tuæ sensibus diffluentem: ille vero noluit eam ad me redire sine insigni Elogio, quod mihi tum & postea gratissimum; nunc vero eo magis etiam placet, quod inde nata tibi occasio me suavissimis litteris compellandi. Beatæ ergo illi animæ, vel hoc nomine debeo, debeboque semper plurimum; sicut & tibi pro eximia tua comitate, quam ut mihi serves perpetuam opto precorque. Ossolinii vestri Orationes hic, quod sciam, sui copiam non fecerunt: certe de illis nihil omnino cognovi. At Selenographiam illustris vestratis Mathematici magnificiunt omnes, præsertim vero Astrologorum filii. Quæ autem Bullialdi nostri sit de ea sententia, meliusab ipso intelliges: nempe ex epistola, quam ad ipsum Hevelium, me aurem vellente, bene longam scripsit. Sane vel istius cælestis scientiæ imperitis, liber iste non potest non placere propter admirabiles magni illius sideris varias phases, accuratissime delineatas. Addam me quoque tuo exemplo Poetam factum esse: Imo scripsi carmina linenda cedro & servanda cupresso, usque adeo materia formam nobilitat. Itaque Iconi summi amici mei hoc adscripsi Quan-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Vincentio Fabricio. Hitherto I had regretted having yielded too readily, at the request of the Elzevirs, the Epistles of Grotius to the French, which I had carefully collected and kept for myself. For they were so disfigured by so many errors that, if the author, who is to be suspected, were to come back to life in future ages, he would scarcely recognize them as his own, at least not without shame. Nevertheless, because I see that our humble attempt does not displease you, I have reason to rejoice, especially over a second, which I do not cease to seek from the same people, a fuller and more corrected edition. Surely I may take pride in the friendship of so great a man, and it is not insignificant to have been known by him. How highly he valued you and your learning, neither this age nor the one to come will be unaware; with them he has deposited a most brilliant testimony to your merits. For I had shared with him, as I was accustomed to do with almost everything of mine, the sublime Elegy which you had sent to me from Bituriges, overflowing with the sentiments of your kindness toward me; but he did not wish it to return to me without an outstanding Elogium, which was then, and later also, most welcome to me; now indeed it pleases me all the more, because from it arose the occasion for you to address me with your sweetest letters. To that blessed soul, therefore, I owe, by that very title, and shall always owe, very much; as also to you, for your exceptional courtesy, which I hope and pray you may preserve for me forever. Your Ossolinii’s Orations, as far as I know, have not here made their appearance; certainly I have learned nothing at all about them. But everyone extols the Selenography of your distinguished countryman, the great Mathematician, especially the sons of astrologers. What Bullialdus of ours thinks of it, you will understand better from him himself: namely, from the letter he wrote at considerable length to Hevelius, at my prompting. Indeed, even to those unacquainted with that celestial science, this book cannot but be pleasing because of the wonderful, varied phases of that great star, most accurately delineated. I will add that, by your example, I too have become a poet: indeed, I have written verses fit to be rubbed with cedar and preserved with cypress, so greatly does the subject ennoble the form. And so I wrote this upon the image of my dearest friend Quan-
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EPISTOLÆ. 197. Quantum scire hominem Divina Potentia vellet, Ostendit terris, SALMASIUMQUE dedit. Alteri Tabulæ Petri Puteani, qui, dum hic esses, binos illos Tomos De Libertatibus Ecclesia Gallicanæ edidit, in quibus De Iurisdictione Regia & Ecclesiastica copiose & solerter agitur, adscripsi. Hic est qui Terra, qui Cæli dividit apte Imperia, et metas ponit utrique suas. Diu dubitavi an tuas contra Erpstenium chartas recepisses, quia in postremistuis altum de illis silentium. Facile existimo eas non periisse. Desino plura scribere. Vale ergo & me amare perge tui studiosissimum. Lutetia Parisior. XVII. Decemb. CICIXC XLVIII. VINCENTII FABRICII ELEGI. AD ILLUSTRISSIMUM VIRUM CL. SARRAVIUM SENATOREM PARISIENSEM. Non mihi sit Ligeris tanti, formosaqueripa, Non Sancerrani plurima vitis agri; Si nulla Aonides nitidis in collibus errant, Deque sacro nullus fons Helicone fluit. Denique si procul est SARRAVIUS, utere remis Navita; deliciis nolo carere meis. Utere equis auriga: piget vitaque, locique: Non placuit Musis, non placet ille mihi. Et jubet ipse meus SARRAVIUS inde reverti, Meque Parisiacis reddere gestit agris. Grande via precium properanti spondet uterque, Quoque vocor Sedes Regia, quique vocat. Illic occurrit per singula compita Phæbus, Auratoque nitens pectine pulsat ebur. Illic conspicias velantes limina lavros, Sacraque Musarum quolibet esse loco. Ara vetus colitur, Regum quæ cura priorum Numen adoranda relligionis habet. Non aliud toto fanum est augustius Orbe: Non alibi tanta conspiciuntur opes. Maximus antistes quondam Casaubonus illic Obtulit innocua splendida thura manu. Successit sacra Mystos Rigaltius Ara, Atque loci genium quo tueatur habet. Es confert sua vota virum veneranda caterva, Bb 3 No-
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EPISTLES. 197. What Divine Power wished man to know, It showed to the earth, and gave SALMASIUS. I have added this on the tablet of Peter Puteanus, who, while you were here, published those two volumes On the Liberties of the Gallican Church, in which the Royal and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction is treated at length and with skill. He is the one who rightly divides the dominions of earth and heaven, and assigns to each its bounds. For a long time I doubted whether you had received your papers against Erpstenius, because in your latest letters there was deep silence about them. I readily think that they have not been lost. I stop writing further. Farewell, therefore, and continue to love me, your most devoted friend. Paris, December 17, 1648. VINCENT FABRICIUS CHOSE. TO THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAN C.L. SARRAVIUS SENATOR OF PARIS. Not so dear to me would be the Loire, and its lovely bank, Nor the abundant vine of the Sancerre countryside; If no Aonides wander on the shining hills, And no spring flows from sacred Helicon. Finally, if SARRAVIUS is far away, let the boatman use his oars; I do not wish to be deprived of my delights. Let the charioteer use his horses: I am weary of life and of the place; He has not pleased the Muses, and he does not please me. And my own SARRAVIUS himself orders me to return from there, And longs to restore me to the Parisian fields. The great road promises equal reward to the hastening one, Both where the Royal Seat calls me and where I am called. There Phoebus meets you at every crossroad, Shining with golden comb he strikes the ivory harp. There you may see laurel branches hanging over the thresholds, And the rites of the Muses are to be found everywhere. An ancient altar is revered, which the care of earlier kings Holds as a numen to be worshiped by religion. No other shrine is more august in the whole world; Nowhere else are such riches to be seen. There once the greatest prelate, Casaubon, Offered splendid incense with an innocent hand. Rigaltius succeeded to the sacred altar as a mystic, And has the guardian spirit of the place by which to protect it. A venerable company of men brings their vows together there, Bb 3 No-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Basavorum. Nisi timerem pertinaciæ notam, possem adhuc disputare de Aoristis primis & secundis, qui aliquando simul in usu esse videntur. Ergo contra tuam definitionem locus est secundo, quamvis primus usurpetur. Vin Tu exemplum II. Tim. 3. 8. ubi ecce Aoristum primum , & tamen secundus etiam in usu. Galat. 2. 11. ubi est aoristus secundus, uti alibi aoristusprimus. Rursum Act. 2. 24. & 32. & Cap. 6. 9. & 9. 41. Ecce aoristum primum, ecce quoque secundum . Marci 3. 26. 9. 27. & Lucæ 4. 16. Adde . Act. v. 37. xxii. 29. & Lucæ 4. 13. Act. 12. 10. An verba in excipiuntur a tua regula. Sed omisis istis mere Grammaticalibus, aliud habeo, quod jam dicam aliquo modo tamen etiam Grammaticale. Bene probasti in nupero specimine, subscripta fuisse testamenta antequam signarentur. Negas autem, quod Gothofredus & alii ex l. penult. D. Qui Test. fac. poss. asserunt, subscriptionem testium factam fuisse in hunc modum, Ego L. Titius subscripsi, & C. Seji testamentum obsignavi. Lex sane, quod non videris animadvertisse, vult ut testis suum & testatoris quoque nomen adscribat. Hæc enim verba quis & cujus testamentum signaverit, id apertius pro-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Basavorum. If I did not fear the reproach of obstinacy, I could still dispute about the first and second Aorists, which sometimes seem to be used together. Therefore, against your definition, the second has a place, although the first is used. Do you want an example? II Tim. 3. 8. where, lo, there is a first Aorist, and yet the second is also in use. Galat. 2. 11. where there is a second aorist, as elsewhere a first aorist. Again, Act. 2. 24. & 32. & Cap. 6. 9. & 9. 41. Behold a first aorist, behold also the second. Marci 3. 26. 9. 27. & Lucæ 4. 16. Add. Act. v. 37. xxii. 29. & Lucæ 4. 13. Act. 12. 10. Are the words in excepted from your rule? But leaving aside these merely grammatical matters, I have something else, which I shall now mention in some way, though still also grammatical. You have well proved in the recent specimen that the testaments were subscribed before they were sealed. But you deny what Gothofredus and others from l. penult. D. Qui Test. fac. poss. assert, namely, that the subscription of the witnesses was made in this form, “I, L. Titius, subscribed, and I sealed the testament of C. Sejius.” The law, indeed, which you do not seem to have observed, requires that the witness should add both his own name and also the testator’s name. For these words, who signed and whose testament he sealed, state this more clearly pro-
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EPISTOLÆ. 199 proband, quam ut negari possit. Quis scilicet testis, Ego L. Titius subscripti, Cujus, scilicet testatoris & C. Seji testamentum obsignavi. Basilica eodem sensu nis . Secundo negas signaverit ibi intelligendum proprie de testium signis. Quomodo enim, inquis, possunt testes dicere, se signavisse quod nondum fecissent. Quasi vero non possint testes dicere, quid jam facturi venissent? Dico ergo signaverit esse tertiam personam futuri, non autem præteriti perfecti subjunctivi modi, quod est a signavero, signaveris, signaverit, non autem a signaverim, signaveris, signaverit. At, inquies, in testamento Gregorii Nazianzeni non fecere testes ullam obsignandi mentionem. Sed nescio an istud testamentum verum sit. Statim quippe occurrit falsa nota certissima, Certum est enim, nunquam Gregorium Nazianzenum se gessisse pro Episcopo Constantinopoli- tano, ut revera non fuit. Corocotæ ludicrum scriptum, licet antiquissimum, non potest certam fidem facere, utpote ridiculi tantum gratia, non serio fa- ctum, aut ad præscriptum Edicti Prætoris, cum testes suum tantum, non etiam testatoris nomen adscribant. Testamentum Remigii si verum sit, po- test facere negotium: sed dudum ejus veritas apud antiquarios laborat. Curavi ad amicos, quas ad me misisti literas. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Paris. xviii. Decemb. CICIN. XLVIII. EPISTOLA CXCIV. CL. SALMASIUS Claudio Sarravio. Lugdunum Basavorum. Cum ex Heraldi trifolio excerpta ad te misi, factum id a me duabus de causis. Prima ut mature affuescas ista omnia conemnere. Tela enim, ut vulgo dicitur, prævisa minus feriunt, quia facilius declinantur. Altera, quia certo intellexeram Auctorem totum istud, quicquid erat, in Bataviam misitasse: rem iniquam existimavi, si æmulitui plenius de re ista edocti essent, quam tu plane ignorares. Certe bene feceris, si jocis & ridiculis cum eo deinceps egeris. Melius vero, quin etiam optime, si solo contemptu te vindicaveris. Licetne li- bere loqui? Hujusmodi disputandi modus male decet viros cordatos, & qui in bonarum literarum studiis ætatem triverunt. Quicquid adversarii insolentia prætexatur, animo nostro morem gerimus; cum potius deberemus pu- blicum magis revereri, cui non oporteret affectus nostros ita crudos obtrudere. Itaque de Crasso Adamo nihil a me expectato, cum nihil sciam, nec si scirem, scriberem: cum potius velim istud incendium extingvere, quam ei frigidam suffundere. Quid Moro factum sit, nescio, nec de eo quicquam dudum intel- lexi. Utinec vidi ejus innocentiam a te vindicatam. In postremo fasciculo, quem accepi a Ludolpho, præter gemina exempla Diarii Cardinalitii, erat omnino nihil. Tertium ergo expectabo: maxime enim hoc scriptum videre desidero. De Bocharto noli amplius esse sollicitus: noster est, &, ut spero, sem-
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EPISTLES. 199 to be proved, than that it cannot be denied. Who, indeed, is the witness? “I, L. Titius,” signed, Whose, namely, testator's and C. Seius's testament I sealed. The Basilica, in the same sense, nis. Secondly, you deny that signaverit should there be understood properly of the witnesses' marks. For how, you ask, can witnesses say that they have signed what they had not yet done? As if witnesses could not say what they were about to do? I therefore say that signaverit is the third person of the future, not of the preterite perfect subjunctive mood, which is from signavero, signaveris, signaverit, and not from signaverim, signaveris, signaverit. But, you will say, in the testament of Gregory Nazianzen the witnesses made no mention at all of sealing. But I do not know whether that testament is genuine. For at once there comes to mind a most certain false mark. For it is certain that Gregory Nazianzen never acted as Bishop of Constantinople, as in fact he was not. The little jest of Corcota, though very ancient, cannot make certain faith, inasmuch as it was done only for the sake of ridicule, not seriously, or according to the prescription of the Praetor's Edict, since the witnesses subscribe only their own, and not also the testator's name. The testament of Remigius, if it be genuine, may cause difficulty; but its authenticity has long been under suspicion among antiquarians. I have looked to friends for the letters which you sent me. Farewell and love me. Paris, 18 December. CICIN. XLVIII. EPISTLE CXCIV. CL. SALMASIUS to Claudius Sarravius. Lugdunum Batavorum. When I sent to you the extracts from Herold's trifolium, I did so for two reasons. First, that you may in good time become accustomed to despising all such things. For weapons, as the proverb says, when foreseen strike less, because they are more easily avoided. The second, because I had certainly understood that the Author had sent all that business, whatever it was, to Holland: I thought it unfair if they were more fully informed about the matter than you, who were entirely ignorant of it. Certainly you will do well if from now on you deal with him in jests and ridicule. Better still, indeed best of all, if you defend yourself by mere contempt. May I speak freely? A method of disputing such as this ill suits sensible men and those who have spent their lives in the study of good letters. Whatever the adversary's insolence may pretend, we are accommodating our own feelings; whereas we ought rather to respect the public, to whom it would not be fitting to thrust our passions in so raw a state. Therefore expect nothing from me about Crassus Adam, since I know nothing, and even if I did know, I would not write: I would rather wish to extinguish that fire than to pour cold water on it. What has happened to Moro, I do not know, nor have I heard anything about him for a long time. Nor have I seen his innocence vindicated by you. In the last bundle, which I received from Ludolphus, there was absolutely nothing except the two copies of the Cardinalitial Diary. I shall therefore wait for the third: for I especially desire to see this writing. Do not be any longer concerned about Bochart: he is ours, and, as I hope, sem-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Bataverum. DE Aoristis fateor nihil a me allatum, quod regulam tuam infringat, adeo plene satisfecisti objectionibus quas contra eam formaveram. Non idem dico de Pauli lege penult. D. Qui testamenta: in qua hæc verba, quis et cujus testamentum signaverit, adhuc existimo posse intelligi de testamento jam subscripto, & jamjam signando a testibus. Ita ut verbum signaverit futurum non præteritum tempus designet. Nec ita absurdum est, ut nobis persuadere conaris, dicere nos aliquid fecisse, quod statim facturis sumus. Certe in usu quotidiano est apud nos, ut scribamus in hunc modum. Ego subsignatus fateor me accepisse centum a Petro, cum tamen nondum subsignaverim vel potius subscripterim apocham, sed tantum jamjam subscripturus sim. Sed tempus non suadet in istis tricis diutius immorari. Eo enim statu est hæc vrbs & Senatus præcipue noster propter subituncum & nocturnum Regis, Reginæ omniumque Principum virorum discessum, malo consilio in nostram perniciem procuratum, ut plane nesciamus quid agere, quid moliri debeamus. Urbs undique milite cingitur, qui vitæ subsidia prohibeat, ut plebs in summas augustias redacta in nos ruat & sæviat. Fingunt quosduam nostri ordinis de ciapiendo Rege consilium iniisse cum Regni hostibus, quod adeo fatuum est & insulsum, ut nulli adhuc probaverint. Interea urbe & agristurbatur, nec rationibus flecti se sinunt, qui truculentam meditati vindictam de eatantum cogitant. Misereatur innocentia nostræ DEUS Optimus Maximus, qui potens est corda Regum pro suo arbitrio inflectere. In eo solo spes nostræ jam sitæ sunt. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisiorum 8. Ianuarii 1649. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. On the Aorists, I confess that nothing has been brought forward by me that infringes your rule; you have so fully satisfied the objections which I had formed against it. I do not say the same about Paul’s law, the penultimate one in the Digest, Qui testamenta : in which these words, “who shall have sealed a testament of whose making,” I still think can be understood of a testament already subscribed, and just about to be signed by the witnesses. So that the verb signaverit may denote future, not past, time. Nor is it so absurd as you try to persuade us, to say that we have done something which we are immediately about to do. Certainly in everyday usage it is common among us to write in this way. “I, the undersigned, confess that I have received one hundred from Peter,” when nevertheless I have not yet signed, or rather subscribed, the receipt, but am only just about to sign it. But time does not advise us to dwell longer on such trifles. For this city and especially our Senate are in such a condition, because of the sudden and nocturnal departure of the King, the Queen, and all the Princes and men, brought about by bad counsel to our ruin, that we are plainly unsure what we ought to do, what to attempt. The city is surrounded on all sides by soldiers, who prevent the means of life, so that the people, reduced to the greatest straits, may fall upon us and rage against us. Some of our order are being accused of having entered into a scheme with the enemies of the realm for seizing the King, which is so foolish and absurd that no one has yet proved it. Meanwhile the city and the countryside are in turmoil, and they will not allow themselves to be swayed by reasons, those who are meditating savage vengeance think only of that. May Almighty God have mercy on our innocence, He who is able to bend the hearts of kings according to His own will. In that alone now are our hopes placed. Farewell and love me. Paris, 8 January 1649. EPI-
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EPISTOLA EPISTOLA CXCVI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Post diuturnum silentium, non videor commodius posse auspicari, quam ab hisce Apostoli verbis, . Leonem enim voco Principem tuum, dueem bello sane egregium, sed immitem & crudelem. Ungues ejus asperrimos sensere nostra , in quæ ferino plane ritu sæviit, eum ipsam Urbem ejusve suburbia attentare non auderet. Liberavit nos unus DEUS, qui variis supra hominum fidem modis suffecit amplissimæ civitati, unde duos hibernos menses viveret infinita pauperum multitudo, cum incolarum, tum ex vastatis undique agris confluentium. Per Imperatores nimis multos nihil suis viribus dignum fecere Parisienses, in speciem concordes, sed revera in varias partes divisi. Non effecit tamen, sit laus , quod animo seelus agitaverat Eminentissimus. Nunc meliora tempora jubent nos bene sperare: bono etiam esse animo: Manet quippe Senatus noster omnibus suis partibus incolumis. Manent integra, quæ in Regni commodum obtinuimus anno superiore, Edicta. Liebit tantum Regi, per hujusce anni quod superest, totumque sequentem, mutuam sumere pecuniam sub Usuris, ut loquimur, duodecimis; quod alii dicunt octo & trientem in centum, cum antea quindecim aut etiam viginti solvere soleret. Nos vero omnem versuram ipsi sustuleramus. An erat tanti hoc scenus, ut ejus causa oporteret Urbem principem, quin immo universam Galliam in extrema tegula constituer? Si enim statim initio Provinciæ, quas jam turbant, sese commovissent, actum erat de Francorum Monarchia, adeo grassatum esset incendium. Sed misertus est innocentissimi Regis omnipotens Deus, qui etiam hæc mala aliquando leviora reddet. Pergit de singulis constituere conventus, qui habetur in prætorio fani Germani. Neustriis multa & varia postulantibus, diutius trahitur quam existimabatur. Omnia tamen ad pacem vergunt; quam det nobis in hac vita diuturnam, & in ecelo æternam summus bellorum Arbiter, cui te tuaque omnia commendo, & me tibi. Lutet. Paris. xxvi. Martii. c1113e xl. ix. EPISTOLA CXCVII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Procedet deinceps literarium nostrum commercium, pace hic inter infensos & discordes conciliata, conditionibus, modo observentur, haud adeo iniquis. Ut dubitemus facit fluxa aulæ fides & præteriti non ita pridem temporis recordatio. Præterea manet perfidiæ perpetuus auctor, quem Regno expellere optaverant. Sed ira nostra sine viribus vana quid potuit. Hactenus C
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EPISTLE EPISTLE CXCVI. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. After a long silence, I seem able to begin in no better way than with these words of the Apostle: “I call your leader a lion, truly a most excellent commander in war, but savage and cruel. Our people felt his very harsh claws, for he raged against them in a plainly beastlike manner, though he would not dare to attack the city itself or its suburbs. One God delivered us, who in various ways beyond human belief supplied this very great city, from which an infinite multitude of poor people lived for two winter months, both the inhabitants and those flocking in from the countryside ravaged on every side. The Parisians, for too many rulers, did nothing worthy of their strength, though outwardly united, yet in truth divided into different parties. Nevertheless, the most eminent man did not carry out the crime he had conceived in his mind, thank God. Now better times bid us hope well and to be in good spirits, for our Senate remains unharmed in all its parts. The Edicts obtained last year for the benefit of the kingdom remain intact. It will only be permitted to the King, for what remains of this year and for the whole of the next, to borrow money at what we call twelve percent interest, what others call eight and one-third per hundred, whereas before he used to pay fifteen or even twenty. But we ourselves had abolished all such borrowing. Was that crime worth so much that, because of it, the capital city, indeed the whole of France, should have been brought to the brink of ruin? For if, right at the beginning, the provinces now in turmoil had stirred themselves, the French monarchy would have been finished; so far would the fire have spread. But Almighty God took pity on the most innocent King, and He will also at some point make even these evils lighter. He continues to hold councils on individual matters, which are being conducted in the praetorium of Saint-Germain. Since the Neustrians are making many and varied demands, the matter is being drawn out longer than had been expected. Yet everything is tending toward peace; may the supreme Arbiter of wars grant us that peace in this life for a long time, and in heaven forever. I commend you and all that is yours to Him, and myself to you. Paris, March 26, 1640. IX. EPISTLE CXCVII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Our literary correspondence will go on from now on, now that peace has been concluded here between enemies and the discordant, on conditions not too unjust, provided they are kept. What makes us hesitate is the shifting reliability of the court and the memory of the not very distant past. Moreover, there still remains the perpetual author of treachery, whom they had wished to drive out of the realm. But what could our anger, without strength, achieve? So far C
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Ratavorum. Quis potest deserta patria beatus esse? Scribebat olim Cicero Attico. Ego sane de Urbe deserenda ne quidem cogitavi. Quin immo cum possem initio Obsidionis, uxorem & liberos foras amandare, ubi videbantur tutius posse degere, malui omnes meos mecum habere, ut nos invicem juvaremus vel etiam solaremur. Nec consilio defuit eventus; securius enim hic viximus, quam in vicinis agris, quos fere omnes vastaverunt milites cum animo suo, tum ducis imperio ferocissimi & rapacissimi. Deinde malo exemplo Amplissimum Ordinem reliquissem, qui quotidie de maximis rebus deliberabat. Certe Fracta nave, ut ait vetus auctor ad Herennium, multi incolumes evaserunt, ex naufragio patria, nemo potest salvus enatare. Duravimus ergo & rebus si non secundis, saltem aliquanto minus malis, nos servavimus. Quamvis autem hic semper manserim, tamen non potui per Neustriam ad te scribere: non enim procedebat literarium aliudve commercium inter Lutetiam & Rothomagum, insessis, ut nuper scribebam, itineribus; ita ut non licuerit nisi cum sum-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Ratavorum. Who can be happy in a desolate homeland? Cicero once wrote to Atticus. I, for my part, did not even think of leaving the City. Indeed, since I could, at the beginning of the Siege, send my wife and children away outside, where they seemed able to live more safely, I preferred to keep all mine with me, so that we might help one another or even comfort one another. And events did not fail the plan; for here we lived more securely than in the neighboring fields, which the soldiers, by the violence of their own spirits and by the order of their very ferocious and rapacious commander, had laid waste almost entirely. Then, by a bad example, I would have abandoned the Most Honorable Order, which was deliberating daily on the most important matters. Certainly, as the old author to Herennius says, “when the ship is broken, many escape unharmed”; from the shipwreck of the fatherland, no one can swim out safe. Thus we held out and, if not in favorable circumstances, at least in ones somewhat less bad, we preserved ourselves. Although I have always remained here, nevertheless I could not write to you by way of Neustria; for no literary or other commerce was passing between Paris and Rouen, the routes being occupied, as I wrote recently, so that it was not permitted except with sum-
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EPISTOLÆ 203 summa difficultate, hinc amicos compellare. Facit autem quod jam cum Hispa- no serio geritur bellum, ut discordiæ civiles, & intestinæ mitecant. Fruamur hoc qualicumque otio, quod nobis DEI benignitas indulget; de futuris mi- nus solliciti, quæ ejus Providentiæ committamus. Cæterum periculosæ plenum opus aleæ aggrederis, Defensionem dico nuper occisi Britanniarum Regis; maxime cum vestri Ordines mediam viam secent. Laudo tamen animi tui ge- nerosum propositum, quo nefandum scelus aperte damnare sustines. Hac ta- men te cautione uti opus est, ne ita Majestatem Regiam extollas, ut erga sub- ditos amorem videantur illis gratis largiri. Debent enim illi suis populis præsertim prodesse, quorum causa constituti sunt. Satis sciunt hoc nostro ævo Reges quæ & quanta sit sua potestas, omnibus, qui illos accedunt, aulicis certatim eorum auribus insusurrantibus, eos uno Deo minores posse quodcumque libuerit, nec ulli mortalium debere administrationis suæ reddere rationem. Sed istius potestatis verum, legitimum, & moderatuni usum pauci eos docent, duabus de causis Prior est, quia Reges non amant cogi in ordinem, nec vo- lunt ullas quamvis liberas pati habenas. Altera est, quia eorum, qui illos ac- cedunt, unum studium est illis placere & assentari: unde fit, ut in immensum eos extollere tantum laborent. Hos si effugeris scopulos, ad quos plurimi impege- runt, magnum feceris operæ pretium. Cogitaverat nuper Bochartus noster eandem spartam ornare, sed amicis quædam ænna objicientibus, tutius exi- stimaverat manum tollere de hac tabula: nescio enim quod ipsius fuerit postremum consilium. Omnes Ministri nostri atrox facinus detestantur. Ne ta- men novi Angliæ Monarchæ in Ecclesia meminerint, obstat vetus, quæ hic obtinet, consuetudo, solius nostri Regis, in publicis precibus mentionem fa- ciendi, reliquis omnibus in genere memoratis. Edit a hic est, uti & Rotho- magi, & Cadomi, ex Anglico Gallica facta, Admonitio quadraginta septem Ministrorum Provincia Londinensis Fairfaxio oblata, quæ cum magna laude ab omnibus legitur. Ilic etiam procul dubio visa fuerit, & probata, adeo pie & audacter scripta est. Hic aliquot Poetæ ingenii acumen exercuere super horribili argumento. Philippus Sudorius Petivillæus Senator in suprema Curia Rothomagensi, amicus meus, hoc quod mitto, scripsit Carmen, quo in mul- torum reprehensiones incurrit. An licet, inquiunt, universam gentem diris devovere, unius licet atrocissimi facinoris causa, quod quamvis a multis pa- tratum, tamen multi etiam execrantur? Respondi Poetice dicta non esse ita intelligenda, ut hyperbolicam locutionem statim sequi debeat truculentus eventus. Deinde non esse novum, etiam in sacris litteris, propter mul- torum peccata universam gentem excidio damnari: in qua si sint multi in- noxii, potens est DEUS. opt. max. eos hujus vitæ ærumnosæ fastidiis libe- ratos, in coelis vera & æterna felicitate beare. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Pa- risiorum XVI. Aprilis. 1313 XLIX. C 2 EPI-
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EPISTLES 203 with the greatest difficulty, from this side to address friends. Moreover, it is because a war is now being seriously waged with the Spaniard that civil and domestic discord may be softened. Let us enjoy this whatever peace God’s kindness grants us; being less anxious about the future, let us commit it to His Providence. But you are undertaking an enterprise full of peril and hazard, I mean the Defense of the recently slain King of Britain; especially since your Estates take a middle course. Nevertheless I praise the generous purpose of your spirit, by which you continue openly to condemn the impious crime. Yet you must use this caution, lest in so exalting the Royal Majesty you seem to bestow affection on subjects as if for nothing. For those ought especially to benefit their peoples for whose sake they were established. Our age knows well enough what and how great is the power of Kings; all who approach them, courtiers vying with one another in whispering into their ears, tell them that, inferior to one God alone, they may do whatever they please, and owe no mortal any account of their administration. But few teach them the true, lawful, and moderate use of that power, for two reasons. The first is that Kings do not like to be kept in order, nor do they wish to endure any reins, however free. The other is that the sole aim of those who approach them is to please and flatter them; hence it comes about that they labor only to exalt them beyond measure. If you escape these shoals, on which very many have struck, you will have done a great piece of work. Our Bochart had recently thought to adorn the same field, but when certain objections were raised by friends, he had judged it safer to take his hand away from this tablet; for I do not know what his final decision was. All our Ministers detest the atrocious deed. Yet because in Church they may not mention the new Monarch of England, the old custom prevailing here stands in the way: in public prayers mention is made of our King alone, all the rest being remembered in general terms. There has been published here, as also at Rouen and Caen, in French from the English, the Admonition of the forty-seven Ministers of the Province of London offered to Fairfax, which is read with great approval by all. It also, no doubt, will have been seen and approved there, so piously and boldly is it written. Here several poets have exercised their wit on this terrible subject. Philip Sudorius Petivilleus, senator in the supreme court of Rouen, my friend, wrote the poem I send, and thereby incurred the censure of many. “Is it permitted,” they ask, “to call down curses on an entire nation for the sake of one, albeit most atrocious, crime, which, though committed by many, is nevertheless also abhorred by many?” I replied that poetic statements are not to be understood so literally that a savage event must immediately follow a hyperbolic expression. Then, that it is nothing new, even in sacred writings, for an entire nation to be condemned to destruction because of the sins of many: in which case, if there are many innocent ones, God most excellent and great is able, having freed them from the miseries of this life, to bless them in the heavens with true and eternal happiness. Farewell and love me. Paris, 16 April. 1313 XLIX. C 2 EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. A Deo aulici nostri, adeo fidenter pacem brevi conciliatum iri cum Hispano jactant, ut pene persuadeant. Dicunt enim cum Condæo tuo Purpuratum & Tellerium Peronam esse profectos, tanquam ad condictum locum, in quo de conditionibus cum pigneranda statim transligatur: eosque ad Reginam crastino die redituros. Itaque post diem unum aut alterum videbimus quid inde sperandum sit. Accinge te interea itineri, ut nos brevi invisas; post peractum tamen tuum pro Carolo Angliæ Regum novissimo Apologeticum. Non omni- no constituit Bochartus istam defensionem omittere: sed voluit videre quid isti Insulares dicturi essent, antequam operi manum admoveret. Quod ais Re- ges solo Deo minores ei soli obnoxios esse, cæterum vivere , vul- go id dicitur. Negant tamen Angli; quin immo populos Regibus antiquio- res eos constituisse ad se tutandos juxta patriotarum Legum & consuetudinum præ- scriptas formulas affirmant. Non autem ut ad libidinem olim aut nuper ex communi Regni consilio stabilita vel refigant. Præterea teneri Reges Sacra- menti suæ inaugurationis religione, quod si violaverint, se quoque posse illos contemnere & privatorum loco habere. Nec Anglicum facinus quanquam horrendum, ita est novum, ut exemplo careat. Dubitant eruditi & adhuc sub judicelis est, an Hebræorum Reges subditi fuerint Synedrio, nec ne. Af- firmavit Baronius & Cardinali subscripterunt viri doctissimi; etiam nostrarum partium. Itaque noli credere tuam Thesin ita constanter veram esse, ut sine controversia admittatur. Sed hæc tu melius, quæ vide expectabimus, tum etiam te ipsum. Mittam ad Morum literas, quas separatim a te accepi, & ut fe- stinet istuc accurrere rogabo. Ad Chabreum quoque tuæ curabuntur. Trium- phabit Sudorius de tuo judicio. Versum - - - - - ajunt male excusum &c pro rituque Deorum scribendum esse reorum. De vestro Theologo ejusque in Amyraldum odio mira narras. Præsertim vero Hollandiæ Ministros in ejus ver- ba non solum jurasse, sed etiam alios jurare velle, mihi admiratione dignum vi- detur. Sane odia Theologorum in proverbium merito abiere. Hujusmodi homines abominor. Vale & me ama. Luteriæ Parisior. VI. Maji. CIC 13C XLIX. Jam accipio binos Amyraldi libellos, unum adversus Historicam Vincentii Rupellensis Epistolam, alterum adversus responsionem Guilielmi Ri- veti de capite septimo Pauli ad Romanos. Eheu! quis tandem istarum rixarum finis est futurus? EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. Our court people, by God, boast with such confidence that peace will soon be concluded with the Spaniard, that they almost persuade one of it. For they say that, together with your Condé, the Purple-robed one and Tellerius have gone to Peronna, as if to an agreed place, where the conditions are to be immediately transacted and pledged; and that they will return to the Queen the next day. So after a day or two we shall see what is to be hoped for from that. Meanwhile, get yourself ready for the journey, so that you may soon visit us; but after your Apologetic, once finished, for Charles the last King of England. Bochard has not by any means decided to omit that defense; rather, he wished to see what those Islanders would say before he laid hand to the work. As for your saying that kings, being less than God alone and subject to Him alone, otherwise live, that is commonly said. Yet the English deny it; nay, they affirm that the peoples were established by them before kings, for their protection, according to the prescribed formulas of the laws and customs of the patriots. Not that they may, at their whim, abolish or restore what has been established either long ago or recently by the common counsel of the realm. Moreover, kings are bound by the religion of their oath at their coronation; and if they violate it, they may themselves be despised and held as private persons. Nor is the English crime, though dreadful, so new as to lack precedent. Scholars are in doubt, and the question is still under judgment, whether the kings of the Hebrews were subject to the Synedrion or not. Baronius affirmed it, and very learned men, including one Cardinal, subscribed to it; even some of our own party. Therefore do not believe your thesis to be so certainly true that it is accepted without controversy. But we shall await these matters, which you see more clearly, and also you yourself. I shall send to Morus the letters which I received separately from you, and I shall ask him to hurry there. Those for Chabreus shall also be attended to. Sudorius will triumph in your judgment. A line — — — — —, they say, has been badly printed, and so on, and should read reorum instead of according to the rite of the gods. You tell marvelous things about your theologian and his hatred of Amyraldus. Especially the fact that the ministers of Holland not only swore to his words, but also wanted others to swear likewise, seems to me a matter for wonder. Truly, the hatreds of theologians have rightly passed into a proverb. I abhor men of that sort. Farewell, and love me. From Lutetia of the Parisians, 6 May, 1649. I have now received two of Amyraldus’s little books, one against the Historical Letter of Vincentius of La Rochelle, the other against the response of Guilielmus Rivetus on the seventh chapter of Paul to the Romans. Alas! what end will there ever be to such quarrels? EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. EPISTOLA CC. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. V Anum fuit Principis & sociorum iter de pace cum Hispano concilianda, unde spes est pacem domesticam firmius stabilitum iri. Nos sane quod attinet, nihil facturos certum est, quo publica tranquillitas turbetur. Sed Aulici perfidiarum perpetui architecti nunquam animum mutabunt. Aderit nobis qui cuncta sapienter moderatur & prava malevolorum consilia infringet. Statim atque Vossius e Suecia redierit, fac sciam num ceperit hæreditatem paternæ professionis: nam si eam repudiaverit, fore non despero, quin eam adeat isti oneri par, si quispiam mortalium, o[mn]iu Blondellus, modo de eo vocando Urbs amplissima consenserit. Nec diu trahetur negotium: urgebo enim amicum nostrum sedulo, & si me, ut sæpe solet, audiverit, statim voti compotes fietis. Habemus hic, ut nuper scribebam, binos Amyraldi eximios libellos: alterum contra Guilielmum Rivetum Andreæ fratrem minorem, sed eo longe doctiorem, super intellectu capitis septimi ad Romanos: alterum adversus epistolam Historicam Vincentii, qui vapulat egregie. Prius scriptum utpote contra hominem eruditum satis modestum est: posterius vero ita acre & o[mn]iu plinor ut stulto responsum sit juxta stultitiam suam. Curabit auctor tui studiosissimus utrumque ad te statim deferri. Ubi habuerimus mi Spanhemii, videbimus quid eo faciendum. Sane dolendum est istam controversiam tantos motus excitavisse. Nihil autem mirum si Theologus vester loquutus obtinuerit a sua synodo quicquid voluerit. Sed hujusmodi decreta non transeunt mare, sicut dicebatur olim de Sorbonicis, non transire Sequanam. Fac, quæso, si fieri potest, ut habeam istud decretum ipsis verbis, quibus conceptum est. Inerunt enim fortasse quædam, quibus facile erit illud evertere. Prodiit quintus Tomus Historicorum Francicorum Andreæ Quercetani. Nihil habeo quod addam. Vale ergo, & me quod facis amare perge. Lutetia Parisior. xiv. Maji. CIC ICXCIX. EPISTOLA CCI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. Quamvis ego quoque sum podager, tamen solitam linguam non mutabo, quia sum manu liber. Ante octiduum scripsi me nihil a te accepisse, quod tum utique vetum erat; sed paulo post tuas accepi. Binis ergo tuis respondebo: & prioribus quidem paucis. Rogavi amicum, penes quem est exemplum tux epistolæ, ut illud ad me mittat, quod statim atque habuero, tu quoque habebis. Interea noli propterea diutius trahere Apologetici tui publicationem. C.c.3 Va-
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EPISTLES. EPISTLE CC. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Ludunum Batavorum. It has already been five years since the journey of the Prince and his associates concerning the reconciliation of peace with the Spaniard, from which there is hope that domestic peace will be more firmly established. As for ourselves, it is certain that we shall do nothing to disturb the public tranquility. But the courtiers, perpetual architects of treachery, will never change their minds. He who wisely directs all things and will thwart the evil designs of the malevolent will be with us. As soon as Vossius has returned from Sweden, let me know whether he has accepted the inheritance of his father's professorship; for if he has repudiated it, I do not despair that Blondel, if the most illustrious city should agree to summon him, will undertake that burden, fit for no one more than for him. Nor will the matter be long drawn out: for I shall press our friend diligently, and if he listens to me, as he often does, you will immediately obtain what you desire. We have here, as I wrote recently, two excellent little works by Amyraut: one against Guilielmus Rivet, the younger brother of Andreas, but far more learned than he, on the meaning of the seventh chapter to the Romans; the other against Vincentius' Historical Letter, who is being excellently thrashed. The first, as being against a learned man, is sufficiently moderate; the latter, however, is so sharp and so o[mn]iu plinor that a fool has been answered according to his folly. The author, most devoted to you, will take care that both are delivered to you at once. When we have Spanheim's work, we shall see what should be done with it. Surely it is to be lamented that that controversy has stirred up such great disturbances. Yet it is no wonder if your theologian, having spoken, obtained from his synod whatever he wanted. But decrees of that kind do not cross the sea, as it used formerly to be said of the Sorbonne decrees, that they did not cross the Seine. Please, if it can be done, let me have that decree in the very words in which it was framed. For perhaps there will be certain things in it by which it will be easy to overturn it. The fifth volume of the French Historians by André du Chesne has appeared. I have nothing more to add. Farewell, therefore, and continue, as you do, to love me. Paris, 14 May 1699. EPISTLE CCI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Ludunum Batavorum. Although I too am suffering from gout, I shall not change my usual style, because I am free in hand. Eight days ago I wrote that I had received nothing from you, which was certainly true then; but a little later I did receive your letters. Therefore I shall reply to both of yours, and to the earlier ones briefly. I asked the friend in whose possession is a copy of your letter to send it to me; as soon as I have it, you too will have it. Meanwhile do not therefore delay any longer the publication of your Apologetic. C.c.3 Va-
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CL. SARRAVI I Valent enim hujusmodi scriptiones non tantum qua pollent maxime ratione, sed præsertim novitate commendantur. Posterioribus, Spanhemii obitum narras. Acerbum sane & immaturum, si ætas, si expedita facundia, si scribendi facilitas & copia attendantur. Salmurienses vero capitalem hostem in eo amisere: quicquid enim ab illis proficiscebatur, difficili & moroso ejus animo viam aperiebat ad rixas & nova dissidia. Quærantjam Riveti Fratres, quem Amyraldo opponant! non enim ipsi ausint in arenam descendere & pedem pede conferre. Defunctum quod attinet, voti reus obiit: ἐυχε ὑδ ἐυχην, se calamum nisi cum vita non depositurum. Utinam alii funesto isto exemplo deterriti scribendi cacoethen statim omittant. Quis ejus in locum suffectus fuerit, resciemus, ubi eum Curatores impleverint. Nec deerunt illic, qui se haud inviti sinant expugnari, ut necesse non sit transmarinorum gratiam captare. Ita vos vestris & nos nostris utemur & fruemur bonis. Reges Isräelis quod attinet, an subditi fuerint Synedrio τῶν ὑ adhuc disputant eruditi. Fuisse contendunt magni nominis viri & in Hebræorum libris exercitati: ita tamen ut fustium poenæ, non etiam capitis subjici potuerint. Probat Scickardus multis testimoniis, quibus quid sis oppositurus, libenter videbimus. Residentis Anglicani cædes luce palam perpetrata inter atrocia deputabitur. Sed quis ejus manda- tor? an enim odio suæ legationis, an privatæ alicujus vindictæ causa id acciderit, scire interest: quo comperto de reliquis judicare erit facilius. Cæterum en tibi a Moro literas, quibus cum solitas artes & procrastinationes non omittere liquidò constabit. Si ante annum mihi tibique fuisset obsequutus, potuisset forsan per obitum Frederici ex Insula in Continentem transire, ejusque sedem cum Scholasticam, tum Ecclesiasticam occupare. Sed ita nati sunt isti homines, ut sibi creduli amicorum consilia fere insuper habeant. En tibi dono emendationem in Plinio, amato tibi auctore. Locus extat lib. XIV. cap. VII. Inter vina, quæ Ptolemæo Regi Apollodorus medicus commendabat, præcipuum censetur Præparentium, ut vulgo legitur. MS. CH. legit Perparbium. MS. Regius unus Perperentium: unde vide num bene legatur Perperenium, laudatum Galeno vinum. Perperene civitas est Troadis Straboni & Plinio quoque memorata. Penes Sirmondum, extat vetus nummus, in cujus postica parte videtur grandis , cum hac voce . Vale, scribe . Lutetix Parisior. XXVIII. Maji. CIC XLIX. EPISTOLA CCII. CL. SARRAVI V S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Basavorum. Cum soleam ad te scribere singulis hebdomadis, nescio qui fiat ut de mea negligentia sæpius expostules. Sed modo mihi constet officii ratio, tabellariorum fidem præstare non possum. Quæ scripsisti de Spanhemii reliquiis, pergratum fuit cognoscere. Rivetus ergo successor designatus est inchoatis vin- di-
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CL. SARRAVI I Such writings are valuable not only because of the great force they possess, but especially because they are commended by novelty. You tell of Spanheim’s death in the later part. Truly bitter and untimely, if one considers his age, his ready eloquence, and his ease and abundance in writing. The men of Saumur, however, have lost in him a capital enemy: for whatever came from them opened a path, for his difficult and peevish temper, to quarrels and fresh dissensions. Let the Rivet brothers now look for someone to oppose Amyraut! For they themselves would not dare descend into the arena and engage man to man. As for the deceased, he died answerable to his vow: ἐυχε ὑδ ἐυχην, that he would not lay down his pen except with his life. Would that others, deterred by that fatal example, would at once abandon the itch for writing. Who has been appointed in his place we shall learn when the Curators have filled it. Nor will there be any lack there of those who will not unwillingly let themselves be won over, so that it will not be necessary to court the favor of men from overseas. Thus you will use and enjoy your own goods, and we ours. As for the kings of Israel, whether they were subject to the Synedrium τῶν ὑ, scholars still dispute. Men of great name and exercised in the Hebrew books contend that they were; yet only in such a way that they could be subject to the punishment of rods, not also to capital punishment. Scickardus proves this with many testimonies; we shall gladly see what you will oppose to them. The murder of the English resident, committed openly in daylight, will be counted among atrocious crimes. But who ordered it? Whether it happened out of hatred for his embassy, or on account of some private revenge, it is important to know: once that is discovered, it will be easier to judge the rest. Moreover, here are letters from Moro, from which it will clearly be established that he does not omit his usual arts and delays. If he had obeyed me and you a year ago, he might perhaps, after Frederick’s death, have passed from the Island to the Continent and occupied his place, both scholastic and ecclesiastical. But such men are born in such a way that, trusting themselves, they almost overrate the advice of friends. Here I give you as a gift an emendation in Pliny, an author dear to you. The passage stands in book XIV, chapter VII. Among the wines which the physician Apollodorus recommended to King Ptolemy, Præparentium is counted, as it is commonly read. MS. CH reads Perparbium. One royal MS. reads Perperentium: whence consider whether Perperenium should not be read, the wine praised by Galen. Perperene is a city of the Troad, also mentioned by Strabo and Pliny. In Sirmond’s possession there exists an ancient coin, on the reverse side of which a large figure seems visible, with this word ... Farewell, write soon. Paris, 28 May 1649. EPISTLE CCII. CL. SARRAVI V To Claude Salmasius. Ludg. Batav. (Leiden). Since I am accustomed to write to you every week, I do not know how it happens that you so often complain of my negligence. But if only the matter of duty be clear to me, I cannot guarantee the reliability of the couriers. I was very glad to learn what you wrote about the remains of Spanheim. Therefore Rivetus has been designated as successor in the begun con-
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EPISTOLÆ 207 diciis persequendis. O dignissimum vestri Herculis Atlantem! Seniorem & infirmiorem scilicet, juvenis & validi. Audiveram Voetium Ultrajectinum sese liti obtulisse: Sed prævalere debet defuncti suprema sententia. Expectabimus ergo bonis lassi, nescio an firmos incessus. Interea nos exercebimus cum veterano Molinæo, quem tamen dudum omnem militiam ejurare oportuisset. invisiv dei o[mn]is [con]v[er]su [con]læv[er]or inquiebat ille. Huic vero genua labant, nec potest vel levissime impulsus, in vestigio consistere. Vidistin' quos consarcinavit Articulosfidei, ut loqui amat, Amyraldianæ? Nihil levius, futilius, falsius, aut calumniosius unquam a quoquam exaratum est. Et tamen in isto mustaceo lauream quærit, vir sui amantissimus, cui foetidum suum stercus bene olet. Hactenus ejus ætati & pristinis in Ecclesiam meritis, est parcitum: verendum est tamen ne patientia læsa fiat furor. Uno Amyraldi statu corruet, nec unquam resurget. Centies rejecta & confutata, quasi nova & intacta reponit. Etiam Gregorius Villius sive Renæus, Advocatus Rupellensis, senex est, & in Theologicis quicquid ipsi aut alii existiment, parum exercitatus. Si Gratia Universalis non aliis quam istorum machinis cadere debet, in eo est, ut diu stare debeat. Cæterum jam quæsivi a Bocharto nostro, num vellet sui mentionem fieri inter eos, qui vacuum Spanhemii locum occupare expetunt; , qui in hæc fere verba respondit. Absit a moribus meis, ut aliam quam meam , Spartam ornare quæram: in mea statione contentus vivo, nec ullius vivi aut , mortui dignitatem aut munus ambio. Si me tamen Deus alio vocaverit iis rationibus, quibus resistere non possim, aut acquiescere debeam, ejus cultui me , dudum mancipavi & vocantem sequar. Itaque me totum ejus providentiæ permitto. Agant ergo amici, noti, ignoti quid voluerint: si vocatus fuero, tum , videro quid me facere oporteat. Multa sunt quæ me Cadomi detineant: aut , pauca etiam funt, quæ me alio migrantem juvent & recreent. Hæc ille: sapienter sane, & ut verum Christi servum decet. Nihil illo præscribente, aliquid definire meum non est. Facite ergo quod volueritis. Ego tamen faciam, ut resciscat quo sis erga ipsum animo. Alia duo te volo. Quorum prius, recusatum mihi esse exemplum epistolæ tuæ, in qua de Calvinistis tanquam de reis Anglicani Regicidii locutus dicebaris: quia vetuit vir magnæ dignitatis apographum suum cum mortalium quoquam communicari. Alterum, ante annum inter sarcinas librarias Petiti ad Elzevirios, depositum a me fuisse fasciculum tibi reddendum, in quo erant selectarum Balzacii epistolarum volumina duo. Num tibi redditus sit, scire laboramus ego & auctor. Hic inprimis, quidicit se alia via, altera bina exemplaria ad te curasse, de quibus nihil etiam intellexerit, Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisior. XI. Iunii. CIC IC C XLIX. EPI-
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EPISTLE 207 in the pursuit of doctrine. O most worthy Atlas of your Hercules! The older and weaker one, to be sure, of the young and strong. I had heard that Voetius of Utrecht had offered himself for the dispute; but the last judgment of the deceased must prevail. We shall therefore wait, weary though we are of good men, I know not whether of firm footing. Meanwhile we shall exercise ourselves with the veteran Molenus, who, however, ought long ago to have renounced all military service. invisiv “the divine of all things,” he said, “I am wholly turned about.” But his knees are giving way, and he cannot, even when very slightly pushed, stand his ground. Have you seen the Articles of Faith, as he likes to call them, that Amyraldus has patched together? Nothing lighter, more trifling, more false, or more slanderous has ever been written by anyone. And yet in that little mustaceum he seeks a laurel wreath, a man most enamored of himself, to whom his own foul dung smells sweet. Thus far consideration has been shown for his age and his former services to the Church; yet it is to be feared that wounded patience may become rage. With one position of Amyraldus it will fall, and never rise again. Though refuted and rejected a hundred times, he puts it forward again as though it were new and untouched. Even Gregory Villius, or Renæus, Advocate of La Rochelle, is an old man, and in theological matters, whatever he or others may think of him, but little practiced. If Universal Grace is to be brought down by no weapons other than these men’s, it is in the condition that it ought long to stand. Moreover, I have now asked our Bochart whether he wished mention made of himself among those who seek to occupy Spanheim’s vacant place; he replied in these or nearly these words: “Far be it from my character to seek to adorn any Sparta other than my own. I live content in my own station, and I aspire to the dignity or office of no living or dead man. Yet if God should call me elsewhere by reasons to which I could not resist, or which I ought to accept, I have long since devoted myself to His service and will follow the one who calls me. Therefore I commit myself wholly to His providence. Let friends, acquaintances, and strangers do what they please: if I am called, then I shall see what I ought to do. There are many things that keep me in Caen; or even there are few things that would aid and refresh me if I moved elsewhere.” This is what he said: wisely indeed, and as becomes a true servant of Christ. To define anything without his prescribing it is not for me. Do therefore what you wish. I shall nevertheless act so that he may learn what disposition you have toward him. There are two other things I wish to mention to you. First, that I was refused a copy of your letter, in which you were said to have spoken of the Calvinists as if they were guilty of the English regicide, because a man of great dignity forbade his transcript to be shared with any mortal. The second is that, a year ago among the booksellers’ bundles of Petit destined for the Elzeviers, I deposited a packet to be handed over to you, in which were two volumes of selected letters of Balzac. Whether it has been returned to you, I and the author are trying to learn. Here especially, the one who says that by another route he has taken care of the other two copies for you, of which he has learned nothing either, farewell and love me. Paris, 11 June 1649. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Abfui Urbe quindecim dies, filiam ducens in domum mariti: ubi cum es- sem, tertium turbavit gaudia nostra tristis nuncius, de Soceri mei obitu. Excurrendum ergo fuit Blesas versus, ad ejus viduam insignis pietatis foeminam; cum qua nudiussextus huc redimus. Statim audivi, Heraldum olim tuum iq[ui]c[ati]o[n]is [con]veni; contra quam ipse arbitraetur. Monitum enim ut suprema ordinaret, Ecclesiastæ suo affini & Medicis dixisse, Ea curabo & in Musæum ibo cras, vel etiam hodie ubi discesseritis: cum tamen decumbens supinus non pos- set caput attollere. Iustum ergo surgere & musæum petere, non potuisse pedem movere: & tum demum cognovisse, quo esset in statu. Obiit die Martis circa undecimam horam matutinam: magno quod dudum moliebatur opere imperfecto. Quæ contra te scripta sunt, ante aliquot menses sunt absoluta & excusa. Volebat vero illis addere Observationum & Consiliorum juris Sylvam, quibus opus prodiret ornatius. Dum diutius hæc editio tracta est, typographis suis male consuluit. FUIT ERGO DESIDERIUS HERALDUS. Fuit quoque Iustellus noster, qui nudiustertius ad plures abiit magno bonorum omnium desiderio. Donec ergo aliquis reperiatur, qui melius Riveto Spanhemia intelligat, respirabunt a Levissimo bello viri sane docissimi & innocentissimi Salmurienses Professores, quorum unum studium est, veritatis & pacis amor. Quod enim adversarii turbant, id faciunt odio personarum potius, quam doctrinæ; cui sanctissimæ, utpote a sacris literis haustæ, hactenus non defuerunt, nec etiam in posterum deerunt fortissimi patroni. Nulli assensum, nedum tibi, extorquere conantur. Hoc tamen dicam & vere, omnes qui istam imbiberunt methodum, ei firmiter adhærere, eamque agnoscere & prædicare tanquam dura[ti]o[n]e [con]s[c]ripta[ti]o[n]e e[ss]e t[ame]n did[actic]a[ti]o[n]e t[ame]n [con]trariu[m] [con]s[c]ripta[ti]o[n]e, q[uæ] t[ame]n a[n]i[m]i [con]s[c]ripta[ti]o[n]es [con]l[e]rga[n]tias; qui sunt characteres apud Apostolum did[actic]a[ti]o[n]is [con]s[c]ripta[ti]o[n]is [con]l[e]rga[n]tias. Expectabimus ergo sine impatientia imperfectum istud opus, cui nemo possit aut ausit supremam manum imponere. Cæterum fallit Morus, aut brevi vester erit: quod certius ex hisce ipsius ad te literis cognosces. Resignavit istas Gothofredi, quas ad me scribens, negat ex animi sui sententia scriptas: se enim contentum esse Middelburgensi Sparta, quam, adsit modo Deus, pro viribus diligenter ornabit. Præterea se supra quam dici possit obstrictum esse generositati Magistratus Zelandiæ, qui primum suum consilium non deseruerit, quin potius contra obstina- tissimorum hostium conatus illud tutatus fuerit. De Bocharto hoc etiam habe. Hactenus nulli promisit. Si vocabitur quid inde sequuturum sit nescio; nec ipse non mendax jurat se scire. Castæ & severæ foeminæ instar, non potest aliquan- do procos non habere. Ut autem horum alicui morem gerat, facile non erit: nec enim italiber est, ut possit statim & pro arbitrio de se quid velit statuere. Sed ma-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. I was absent from the city for fifteen days, escorting my daughter into her husband’s house; while I was there, on the third day a sad messenger disturbed our joy, announcing the death of my father-in-law. So I had to hurry back toward Blois, to his widow, a woman of distinguished piety; with her we returned here the day before yesterday. At once I heard that Herald, once your [iq]citation [con]veni; against what he himself supposed. For being warned to arrange his last affairs, he had said to his kinsman the ecclesiastic and to the physicians, “I will take care of that and go to the museum tomorrow, or even today, when you have gone”; yet lying on his back he could not raise his head. It was therefore right to get up and go to the museum, but he could not move a foot: and only then did he realize what his condition was. He died on Tuesday about the eleventh hour in the morning, with the great work he had long been preparing still unfinished. What has been written against you was completed and printed some months ago. He did indeed want to add to it a Forest of Observations and Counsel on law, by which the work would have gone forth more elegantly. While this edition was delayed for too long, he did ill by his printers. THEREFORE HERALD DIED. Our Justellus too has died, who the day before yesterday departed to join the many, to the great regret of all good men. Until therefore someone is found who better understands Rivet and Spanheim, the very learned and innocent professors of Saumur will breathe again from this light war; their only study is love of truth and peace. For what the adversaries stir up, they do out of hatred of persons rather than of doctrine; and this most holy doctrine, since it is drawn from the sacred writings, has hitherto not lacked, nor will it in the future lack, most valiant defenders. They try to extort assent from no one, much less from you. This however I will say, and truly: all who have imbibed that method adhere to it firmly, and acknowledge and proclaim it as though it were a kind of hard-won but nonetheless instructive writing, yet contrary in another respect to writing, which nevertheless gathers the writings of the mind together; these are the characters in the Apostle concerning instructive writing and gathered writings. We shall therefore await without impatience that unfinished work, to which no one can or dares put the final hand. Besides, Morus deceives himself, or yours will soon be so: you will learn this more certainly from his letters to you. He has rescinded those letters of Gothofredus, which, writing to me, he denies were written according to the judgment of his own mind: for he says he is content with Middelburg Sparta, which, God helping, he will diligently adorn to the best of his ability. Moreover, he says he is bound beyond what can be expressed to the generosity of the Magistracy of Zeeland, which did not abandon its first plan, but rather defended it against the efforts of the most obstinate enemies. As for Bochart, note this too: up to now he has promised no one anything. If he is called upon, I do not know what will follow; nor does he, though not a liar, swear that he knows. Like a chaste and severe woman, he cannot but have suitors from time to time. But to satisfy any one of these, it will not be easy: for he is not so free that he can immediately and at will determine anything about himself. But
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EPISTOLAÆ. 209 magno me afficiunt beneficio, inquit, qui me isto dignantur honore, & qui cum mihi ambiunt: quicunque futurus sit exitus. Scilicet etiam castas juvat formosas dici & orari, quamvis nolint annuere & præbere. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisior. xxv. Iunii. CIC XLIX. EPISTOLA CCIV. CL. SARRAVIUS Iacobo Oldenborgio. Salmurium. NOn erant tanti commendatitiæ, quas tibi tradidi, Vir Clarissime & Do- ctissime, ut earum adhuc meminisses. Gaudeo tamen eas viris summis, quibus inscriptæ erant non displicuisse: indeque natam occasionem illis quidem vos humane, ut solent omnesse convenientes, excipiendi; Tibi vero me, ut fecisti, officiose & comiter compellandi. Magni enim facio abs te viro erudito & solerte amari: semperque mihi in pretio erunt tempora, quibus tibi nobili- busque adolescentibus, quorum spei admotus es, potero aliquatenus prodesse aut placere. Propius autem jam vides & intelligis, Vir Eruditissime, quæ sit nobilissimæ Academiæ, in qua nunc degis, Theologia: quamque etiam iniquum odium, quod cum illa maligni homines pertinaciter exercent. Præjudiciis scilicet plerique aguntur, nec in quæstione, satis impedita, dijudicanda ne- cessariam adhibent diligentiam. Tu vero Salmuriensis, quam male infamant, doctrinæ adyta penetrabis, commoda & pensæiæ expendes; tum vero sine af- fectibus judicabis. Tanto cognitore gloriabuntur procul dubio Viri incompa- rabiles & innocentissimi; ita ut vel uno tuo suffragio causam suam decidendam sint permisuri: nec tu ullo majoris momenti negotio otia tua distinxeris. Vale & me ama tui amantissimum. Lutetiæ Parisior. IV. Calendas Julias. CIC XLIX. EPISTOLA CCV. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Dicunt mercatores propter institutam Cameraci obsidionem Aulicos no- stros tabellarium suis literis spoliasse, ut ex illis cognoscant, quid de suo militari consilio sperare in posterum debeant. Nullas ergo a te habuimus, qui- bus respondere possimus. Sed hich habes ab aliis satis multas: scilicet filius Ga- risolii Montalbanensis Theologi Geneva discedens, ex hisce quatuor tres ac- ceperat tibi statim reddendas. Dum autem diutius hic moratus quam existima- verat, scripsit ei Morus, ut eas mihi traderet tibi mittendas. Idem Morus scripsit tandem aliquando, literis datis 22. imensis proxime præteriti, ne amplius ad se scriberem; se enim esse in procinctu itineris & paratum istuc proficisci. Nondum tamen decrevisse an hac sit transiturus, dum expectat e Germania li- Dd teras.
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EPISTLES. 209 they confer a great benefit on me, he says, who deem me worthy of that honor, and who court me: whatever the outcome may be. Certainly even chaste women take pleasure in being called beautiful and being addressed, though they are unwilling to assent and comply. Farewell, and love me. Paris, June 25, 1649. EPISTLE CCIV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Iacobus Oldenborgius. Saumur. The letters of recommendation which I delivered to you, Most Illustrious and Most Learned Sir, were not of such importance that you should still remember them. Yet I am glad that they did not displease the very distinguished men to whom they were addressed; and that from this there arose the occasion, on their part, of receiving you kindly, as all who meet are accustomed to do, and on your part of addressing me, as you did, courteously and with consideration. For I greatly value being loved by you, a learned and diligent man; and the times will always be dear to me in which I shall be able in some measure to be useful or pleasing to you and to the noble youths whose hopes are entrusted to you. But you now see and understand more clearly, Most Learned Sir, what is the theology of that most noble Academy in which you now reside, and what an unjust hatred malicious men persistently direct against it. For most are led by prejudices, and in a question so involved they do not apply the diligence necessary for deciding it. But you, a man of Saumur, will penetrate the inner chambers of learning, however wrongly they defame it; you will weigh the advantages and the balance, and then judge without passion. The incomparable and most innocent men will no doubt boast of having such a judge; so much so that they will entrust their cause to be decided by even your single vote. Nor will you have set aside your leisure for any business of greater moment. Farewell, and love me, who am most devotedly yours. Paris, the 4th day before the Calends of July, 1649. EPISTLE CCV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. Merchants say that, because of the siege begun at Cambrai, our courtiers have deprived the messenger of his letters, so that from them they may learn what they ought to expect in future from their military plan. Therefore we have received none from you to which we can reply. But here you have quite a number from others: namely, the son of the theologian of Garrisolii Montalbanensis, on leaving Geneva, had taken three out of these four to be handed over to you at once. But since he stayed here longer than he had expected, Morus wrote to him to give them to me to be sent to you. The same Morus finally wrote, in letters dated the 22nd of the month just past, that I should no longer write to him; for he was on the point of departure and ready to set out there. Yet he has not yet decided whether he is to cross by this route, while he awaits letters from Germany. Dd
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CL. SARRAVIUS. Lugdunum Batavorum. G Audeo impensis te Chiragra liberatum: quia spes est fore ut etiam brevi Podagra discedat. Hæc postrema me adhuc cruciat: vel potius ejus affinis Gonagra, hactenus mihi incognita hospita, nec minus tamen molesta, quam fuit altera. Scire avemus quæ fuerint Batavi, cum suprema ordinarer, mandata super suis vindiciis. An jusserit eas ita imperfectas edi, an potius supprimi: quidve de tota ista controversia, quæ procul dubio ejus animum turbaverat, dixerit. Tum enim veræ voces crumpunt, nec licet in isto postremo Fabulæ Actu, alterius personam induere: MANET RES. Certe dum Genevæ vixit, neutiquam Gratiæ Universali adversatus est: quin immo favit memoriæ Cameronis, hujus veteris sententiæ novi assertoris: ejusque omnia opera simul edi curavit, addita etiam sua Præfatione, quæ ejus erga tibi manæ tibi reverentiam testabatur. Quibus postea consiliis mutaverit, an alliis præterea odii aut amoris caussis, difficile erit deinceps scire, nisi ipse, antequam abiret ad plures, significaverit. Gratulor tibi Mori in Bataviam adventum: nunquam enim dubitavi placiturum Magnatibus & populo. Utinam bene etiam illi conveniat cum Professoribus & Ministris, qui ut plurimum invident sociis præstantioribus, juxta vetus dictum necqueus necqueu[m] . Sed non est vestrarum Provinciarum propria hæc labes. Etiam Genevæ & alibi hæc pestis grassatur, quam prudentia, fortitudine & patientia vincere oportet. De Vidua Principis Arausionensis magis mirarer, eam adeo facile Spanhemii veteris amici memoriam deposuisse, ut hunc novum hospitem jam habeat in deliciis, nisi etiam vetus eslet,
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CL. SARRAVIUS. Lugdunum Batavorum. I rejoice at the expense that you have been freed from Chiragra: because there is hope that even Podagra will soon depart. This last still torments me; or rather its kindred Gonagra, hitherto to me an unknown guest, yet no less troublesome than the other was. We are eager to know what the Batavians were when I was arranging the final instructions concerning their vindications. Whether he ordered them to be published thus incomplete, or rather to be suppressed; and what he said about that whole controversy, which without doubt had disturbed his mind. For then true words burst forth, and in that last Act of the Fable it is not allowed to assume another's person: THE MATTER REMAINS. Certainly, while he lived at Geneva, he by no means opposed Universal Grace: indeed he favored the memory of Cameron, this new defender of an old opinion; and he caused all his works to be published together, with his own Preface added also, which testified to his reverence for you tibi manæ tibi reverentiam . By what later counsels he changed, or by what other causes of hatred or love besides, it will hereafter be difficult to know, unless he himself, before departing to join the majority, had made it known. I congratulate you on Morus's arrival in Holland: for I never doubted that he would please the magnates and the people. Would that he may also get on well with the Professors and Ministers, who for the most part envy their more eminent colleagues, according to the old saying necqueus necqueu[m] . But this plague is not peculiar to your Provinces. It rages also at Geneva and elsewhere, and must be overcome by prudence, fortitude, and patience. As for the Widow of the Prince of Orange, I should be more astonished that she has so easily put aside the memory of the old friend Spanhemius, so that she now has this new guest in her affections, were it not that the old one also eslet,
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EPISTOLAÆ. 211 esset, Varium & mutabile semper Fæmina: liceat addere etiam Princeps. Imo & hæ foeminæ Principes eo mutabiliores, quod variis affectuum nutibus jacta- tæ, illis resistere non possunt, sæpe etiam nec volunt, præsentibus tantum addictæ, de futuris aut præteritis securæ. Det DEUS huic nostro tutam & gra- tam istic sedem & diuturnam. Tibi vero in eo habere beneficiorum a te ac- ceptorum fidum & memorem amicum. Quas ad eum scribo, rogo cures di- ligenter. Laudabile autem est inprimis Reginæ Gothorum tui videndi desi- derium. Quidni sapientem accommodes autem? Sed proximo vere non hæc hieme. Cælum enim frigore rigidum, parum convenit tuæ ætati & tempe- ramento, quod te totum tenet. Quicquid sit, Principibus placere viris magna semper laus fuit: hujusmodi vero Reginæ, qualis hæc inclyta Virago, etiam maxima. Sed de tua ad nos profectione jamdudum in litteris tuisaltum silen- tium. An consilio mutato adhuc differs, donec nostri æstus plane deferbue- rint? Sane adventus Regis, videtur mitioribus & proinde melioribus consiliis locum præbere; hanc urbem quod spectat. Sed in remotioribus regionibus, Aquitania scilicet & Provincia, omnia adhuc turbarum plena; dum Parlamen- tis Burdigalensi & Aquisextiensi cum Præfectis Regiis male convenit. Spe- randum tamen est, hinc, unde mala inceperunt, etiam remedia adhibitum iri. Certe adhiberi debent: quod ut fiat & cito, orandus est DEUS opt. max. cui te tuaque omnia commendo. Vale & me ama: Lutetia Parisiorum x. Calend. Augusti CIC DEC XLIX. EPISTOLA CCVII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Basavorum. Sit ergo quando ita vis tota culpa mea, cur hactenus a vestris Curatoribus non sit habita ratio Bocharti. Sed sit etiam solida tua gloria coque major quod cum honori amici mei male consuluerim, tu quod neglexerim, vel etiam impedierim, effeceris. Solius Presbyterii ad Pastorismunus vocatio vana pro- cul dubio fuerit. Habebit enim Cadomensis Ecclesia, unde jus suum forti- ter, & jure in eo retinendo tueatur. Sed si accedat Academia, & cum in Pro- fessorem Theologiæ desideret, audi quid ipse ad me scribat. Tum amicis meis, quos inter insignem obtines locum, aures præbebo, & illis morem geram. Qui enim, inquit, me offerrem Amplissimis Viris, qui istius scholæ curam gerunt? Suggestum Academicum nunquam conscendi, nec scio an isti muneri parsim futu- rus. Si tamen illi adeo magnifice de me sentiant, ut existiment me istum lo- cum posse occupare sine ullo sui meique honoris damno, tunc illorum judicio audacior factus, liberius quid me agere oporteat decernam. Hæc ille. Ego vero, si me sponsorem accipitis, fidenter spondeo vestrum futurum Bochar- tum, nisi aliqua Iu[m] Bia, quam nec ego nec ille prævidere aut vincere possi- mus, intervenerit. Scio enim quantum ille mihi velit, quantumque meis con- D d 2
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EPISTOLAE. 211 would be: “Woman is always variable and changeable”; let me add, Prince too. Indeed these female princes are all the more changeable because, tossed about by the various impulses of their affections, they cannot resist them, and often do not even wish to, attached only to the present, secure as to what is future or past. May GOD grant to this our friend a safe and pleasing abode there, and a lasting one. And to you, that in him you may have a faithful and grateful friend in return for the favors received from you. I beg you to take care diligently concerning the things I write to him. But it is above all praiseworthy in the Queen of the Goths the desire to see you. Why should you not oblige a wise woman? But next spring, not this winter. For the sky, stiff with cold, suits neither your age nor your temperament, which wholly possesses you. Whatever the case, to please princes has always been counted a great praise for men; but for such a queen as this renowned heroine, an even greater one. But concerning your journey to us there has long been complete silence in your letters. Have you changed your plan and still delay until our heats have entirely abated? Certainly the king’s arrival seems to make room for milder, and therefore better, counsels as regards this city. But in the more distant regions, namely Aquitaine and Provence, everything is still full of turmoil; while the Parliament of Bordeaux and that of Aix are ill at odds with the Royal Prefects. Yet it is to be hoped that from the very place whence the evils began, remedies will also be applied. Surely they ought to be applied; and that this may happen, and soon, GOD Almighty must be prayed to, to whom I commend you and all that is yours. Farewell, and love me. Paris, the tenth day before the Calends of August, 1649. EPISTOLA CCVII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Let it then be, since you wish it so, entirely my fault that hitherto no account has been taken by your Curators of Bochart. But let your glory be solid too, and the greater for this: that whereas I have dealt badly with the honor of my friend, you will have made good what I neglected, or even obstructed. The call of the Presbytery alone to the office of Pastor would surely be vain. For the Church of Caen will have wherewith firmly, and by right, to defend its claim in retaining him. But if the Academy joins in, and when it desires him as Professor of Theology, hear what he himself writes to me. Then I shall lend an ear to my friends, among whom you hold a distinguished place, and I shall comply with them. For, he says, to what eminent men, who have charge of that school, should I present myself? I have never mounted the Academic chair, nor do I know whether I shall be equal to that office. Yet if they think so highly of me as to judge that I could occupy that place without any loss to their honor or mine, then, made bolder by their judgment, I shall more freely determine what I ought to do. That is what he says. As for me, if you accept me as surety, I confidently promise that Bochart will be yours, unless some Iu[m] Bia, which neither I nor he can foresee or overcome, should intervene. For I know how much he wishes me well, and how much he does our family... D d 2
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CL. SARRAVIUS consiliis tribuat. Quæ sit autem mea sententia ex superioribus liquido cognoveris. Agite ergo jam tu & Rivetus quod volueritis, ut enim præterea aliquid polliceatur honesti ratio non patitur. Morum quod attinet, credo cum jam esse in Batavia & tuo complexu potiri. Secundo enim Rheno, non Rhodano, ut ais, iter suum debebat peragere, & habes quo labores tuos super ejus vocatione exantlatos consoleris. Bene est autem quod casu non certo consilio mihi mutum fuerit tuum oraculum. Agellii locus de quo te consulueram, habetur libri 4. Cap. 14. extremo. Hesychii vero in verbo , in quo Laconum & Lacedemoniorum sit mentio, tanquam diversorum populorum, quos tamen unum esse vix quisquam dubitat. Rescribe ergo quid me sentire oporteat de duobus istis articulis, & mitte præfationem Rivetianæ Synopsis cum decreto Harlemensi. Legi impatienter, quod tu tibi jam morosus videaris & languidus, tanquam aliquis senex deponantus. Uttamen hoc persuadeas, juveniliter ludis & exultas, ut damnes quæ, ubi prodierint, toti Orbi probabuntur. Noli ergo : quin potius quod superest vitæ & industriæ alacriter & generose oportet decurrere, ut respondeant primis ultima, quæ adhuc sunt eruntque adhuc remotissima. Vale & me ama Lutetiæ Paris. vi. Aug. 1313 XLIX. Ex hisce quas jam accipio & mitto Chabræi ad te, Morum disces Geneva dudum discessisse. EPISTOLA CCVIII. CL SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. NE adhuc dubites Morum nostrum, quem apud vos jam dudum esse existimo, Geneva discessisse, præter ea quæ nuper ad temisi & scripsi, ecce tibi a Gothofredo literas, quibus de ejus discessu certior fies, quantoque honore eum proficiscentem sint prosequuti Magistratus, Cives, Ecclesia & Academia. Itaque sit ille omnino vester, qui certe Lemani Lacus neutiquam est accola. Ne etiam dubites vestrum non futurum Bochartum, ecce tibi ab eo literas ad vestrum Presbyterium, quibus gratias agit pro sua vocatione ad Pastorale Leydensis Ecclesiæ officium: quas ita quæso precorque effice ut reddantur, & cum humanitate. Sed in commune consulant, uti jam scripsi, Ecclesia & Academia, & conjunctis viribus eum oppugnent, tum locus erit Proverbio: Ne Hercules quidem adversus duos, & eum facient civem Leydensem. Ita futurum ego cupio, credo & spondeo. Ego inquam, nam ille pro ingenita modestia se non arbitratur tanto honore dignum, nec Curatores vestros, qui Bisterfeldium expetunt, de se cogitare. De tuo pro infelice Rege Apologetico solens facis, qui facis quod libet, & amicorum consilia spermis. Quod tamen tibi proposueram omni culpa & periculo vacabat. Consuluisses, si illud sequutus esses, & famæ Regiæ & propriæ securitati. Videris velle irritare crabrones, & tuis inimicis occasiones præbere in te non sine ratione insa- nien-
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CL. SARRAVIUS will contribute to your counsels. But what my opinion is, you will have clearly learned from what is above. Go on then, you and Rivetus, and do what you will; for beyond that honesty does not permit anything to be promised. As for morals, I believe I am now in Batavia and in your embrace. For he ought to have carried out his journey by the lower Rhine, not by the Rhône, as you say; and there you have wherewith to console yourself for the labors you have borne in his calling. It is, however, well that by chance, not by any certain design, your oracle was dumb to me. The passage of Agellius about which I had consulted you is found in book 4, chapter 14, at the end. That of Hesychius, indeed, in the word in which mention is made of the Laconians and Lacedaemonians as if they were different peoples, though hardly anyone doubts that they are one and the same. Write back therefore what I ought to think about those two articles, and send the preface to Rivet’s Synopsis along with the Harlem decree. I read with impatience that you now seem to yourself peevish and languid, as though some old man laid aside. Yet persuade yourself of this: you sport and exult like a youth, in such a way as to condemn what, when once it has appeared, will be approved by the whole world. Do not do so, then; but rather whatever remains of life and energy should be run through cheerfully and generously, so that the last things may answer to the first, things which as yet are and will still be far distant. Farewell, and love me. Paris, Aug. 6, 1313. XLIX. From these letters, which I now receive and send you from Chabræus, you will learn that Morus departed from Geneva long ago. EPISTOLA CCVIII. CL SARRAVIUS to Claude Salmasius. Leiden. Lest you should still doubt that our Morus, whom I think by now has long been with you, has departed from Geneva, besides what I recently sent and wrote to you, here are letters to you from Gothofredus, by which you will be made certain of his departure, and with how much honor he was escorted on his way by the magistrates, citizens, church, and academy. So let him be altogether yours, for he certainly is in no way an inhabitant of Lake Leman. Nor should you doubt that Bochart will not be yours; here are letters from him to your presbytery, in which he gives thanks for his calling to the pastoral office of the Leiden church: these, I beg and pray you, see that they are delivered back, and with courtesy. But let the church and academy consider together, as I have already written, and with united forces attack him; then there will be room for the proverb: even Hercules not against two; and they will make him a citizen of Leiden. So I wish it to happen, I believe it, and I promise it. I say I promise it, for he, because of his inborn modesty, does not think himself worthy of so great an honor, nor do your Curators, who seek Bisterfeld, think of him. As for your Apologetic for the unhappy King, you are acting in your usual way, doing what you please and despising the advice of friends. Yet what I had proposed to you was free from all fault and danger. You would have acted wisely, if you had followed it, for the safety both of the King’s reputation and of your own. You seem to wish to stir up hornets’ nests and to give your enemies occasions, not without reason, to rage against you in...
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EPISTOLÆ. 213 niendi. Sed jacta, quando ita voluisti, alea, videbimus quid casurum sit. Iterumque iterumque rogo mittas Præfationem Synopsis Riveti contra Salmurienses & articulum Synodi Harlemensis. Post octiduum scies quid sperare oporteat Hilarium Grammaisonium de titulo, quem pro eodesideras. Tibi amicisque tuis obsequendi semper ero paratissimus. Expectatur Rex cum Ma- tre totaque domo Regia & aulico comitatu proximaseptimana. Si adhuc nos deludant spe inani, nescio quis futurus sit in postcrum Galliæ status. Scit DEUS, cui te tuosque commendo eumque rogo, ut nos oculis benignis re- spiciat. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Paris. XIII. Aug. XLIX. EPISTOLA CCIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Faciam deinceps quod suades: ipse mittam ad vestrum tabellarium meas &c Puteani literas: videbimus an ista ratione nostræ melius curabuntur. Vi- di hodie quendam affinem meum Geneva digressum biduo post Morum. Di- cebat eum in Comitatu nobilis Argilii Scoti secundo Rheno descendere voluisse, quod vix sine periculo esset facturus, cum sint omnia in utraque fluvii ripa adhuc plena turbarum. Quid si de eo vocando cogitent Amstelodamenses in locum Vossii. Sed vereor ut isti oneri par sit. Valet enim ingenio & eloquentia potius, quam multiplici & varia eruditione. Omnino unus Blondellus no- ster dignus est tanti viri successor. Posset Baronianos Annales examinare, & immortali fama dignum opus posteris tradere. Posset quippe singulis annis singulos tomos absolvere: quod nisi præstiterit vir improbi laboris & incom- parabilis diligentiæ & industriæ, nescio quis possit istam cloacam perpurgare; quæ tamen sæculum nostrum pestifero habitu dudum inficit. De Bocharto nostro satis multa in prioribus. Nisi conveniant Ecclesia & Academia de ei gemi- no onere imponendo, nihil seorsim efficient. Immo nisi festinent & hæc &c illa, vereor utserius postea, quod neglexerint, consilium repetant, habet ille uni- cam filiam nubilem, quam si nuptuicollocaverit Cadomi vel in Neustria, non erit facile, imo impossibile matrem a filia divellere, nec proinde patrem. Se- rio ergo & cito sibi consulant vestri Curatores, vel sibi suam moram imputent. Nudius tertius Rex cum omni Aula in Urbem post septimestrem & amplius absentiam ingressus est. Etiam eodemcurru vehebatur, eodem latere quo Condæus tuus, ejusque Frater natu minor. Fecit Regis reverentia, ne ei quicquam noceretur: non tamen ubique bonis verbis exceptus est: adeo difficile est impudentis & vilis plebeculæ, etiam contra publicam & suam uti- litatem, . Faxit DEUS ut iste desi- deratissimus reditus malis nostris finem imponat. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Paris. xx. Augusti. Ex adjunctæ epistolæ exemplo disces nullam esse Dd 3
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EPISTOLÆ. 213 niendi. But the die has been cast, since you wished it so; we shall see what is to happen. And again and again I beg you to send the Preface to Rivet’s Synopsis against the Salmurians & the article of the Synod of Haarlem. In eight days you will know what may be expected of Hilary Grammaisonius concerning the title, which you desire for him. I shall always be most ready to comply with you and your friends. The King is expected next week with the Queen mother and the whole royal house and courtly retinue. If they still deceive us with empty hope, I do not know what the state of France will be hereafter. GOD knows, to whom I commend you and yours, and I beg Him to look upon us with gracious eyes. Farewell, and love me. Paris, Aug. 13, 1649. EPISTLE CCIX. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Leiden. I shall hereafter do as you advise: I myself will send to your messenger my letters, etc., and Puteanus’s letters; we shall see whether in that way ours will be better attended to. I saw today a certain kinsman of mine, who had left Geneva two days after Morus. He said that the man wished to go down the Rhine in the company of the noble Scotsman Argilius, which he would scarcely have been able to do without danger, since everything on both banks of the river is still full of disturbances. What if the Amsterdamers think of calling him in place of Vossius? But I fear he is hardly equal to that burden. For he excels rather in talent and eloquence than in manifold and varied learning. Certainly our Blondel alone is worthy to be the successor of so great a man. He could examine the Baronian Annals, and hand down to posterity a work worthy of immortal fame. Indeed, he could complete one volume each year: unless a man of extraordinary labor and incomparable diligence and industry undertakes it, I know not who can cleanse that sewer; which nevertheless has long since infected our age with its pestiferous condition. I have said enough about our Bochart in my previous letters. Unless Church and Academy agree to impose a double burden on him, they will accomplish nothing separately. Nay, unless they hurry, both this and that, I fear that later, too late, they will call back the counsel they neglected. He has a single marriageable daughter; and if he has settled her in marriage at Caen or in Normandy, it will not be easy, indeed impossible, to separate the mother from the daughter, and consequently not the father either. Therefore let your Curators take counsel for themselves promptly and in good time, or else blame their delay upon themselves. Three days ago the King, with the whole Court, entered the City after an absence of more than seven months. He was also riding in the same carriage, on the same side as your Condé and his younger brother. Respect for the King saw to it that nothing was done to him; yet he was not everywhere received with kind words: so difficult is the impudent and base populace, even against its own and the public good. May GOD grant that this most longed-for return may put an end to our evils. Farewell, and love me. Paris, August 20. From the example of the enclosed letter you will learn that there is no Dd 3
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. Ommodum cum novissimas tuas accepi aderat mihi Drelincurtius noster, ut mihi necesse non fuerit eum convenire, ut ab ipso rescirem, quid me rescribere oporteret super vocatione Leydensi. Bene autem sibi consulit vestrum Presbyterium, dum cogitat de viris eruditione claris sibi adsciscendis: sedliceat ejus mirari, absit verbo invidia, confidentiam: cum Lugdunum suum cum nostra Lutetia audet componere; imo illud huic præponere: si quidem serio existimant virum cordatum posse veteribus amicis valedicere, ut istuc novam deducat coloniam. Noluit tamen me perscribere, quæ sit sua sententia. Ipse inquit faciam, ut per me resciscat Salmasius, quod mihi sedeat consilium. Ab ipso itaque expectabis literas humanitatis plenas: sed fallor, aut de alio quærendo vobis cura incumbet. Morum Lugdunensem quod attinet, fratris ejus est vos certiores facere, quid de eo sperare possitis. De Bocharto vero bene respondisti, non venturum quamvis centies vocaretur, nisi adjungatur Professio Theologica: præterea periculum est in mora, cujus rationes nuper tibi significavi. Nihil hic est novorum, præter unum sane non contemnendum. Condæus enim tuus, olim Eminentissimi , ei aperte amicitiam renuntiavit: quod Aulam turbat, vereor ne etiam Regnum. In Aquitania adhuc omnia ad extrema vergunt. DEUS nostri misereatur. Certe sine ejus auxilio multa mala nos prement: quod ut avertat cum quæso precorque. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Paris. XVII. Septembris. CIC IC XLIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. Nte octiduum nihil scripsi quia ducebam funus filiolæ natu minimæ; quod Alicet grave, ut æquiore animo feram, faciunt aliæ quinque superstites. Hodie vero pauca scribam, quia expecto affines & amicos, in quorum coetu subscribantur tabulæ nuptiales filiæ natu maximæ. Præterea pauca a te habeo quibus respondeam. Gaudeo bene esse Moro Middelburgi: miror tamen eum adeo omnem nostram memoriam deposuisse, ut ex quo illic habitat, nihil omnino nos de suis rebus scire voluerit. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parissior. Kalendis Octobris. CIC IC XLIX. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. As soon as I received your latest letter, our Drelincurtius was with me, so that it was not necessary for me to meet him in order to learn from him what I ought to write back concerning the Leyden call. Your Presbytery is, however, acting wisely in considering whether to add men distinguished for learning to itself; but it may be allowed to wonder at its confidence, without envy, I say: since it dares to compare its own Lugdunum with our Lutetia; indeed even to prefer that one to this: if indeed they seriously think that a sensible man can bid farewell to old friends, in order to lead a new colony there. Nevertheless, he was unwilling to write to me at length what his opinion is. “I myself,” he says, “will see to it that Salmasius learns through me what plan is on my mind.” From him, therefore, you may expect letters full of civility: but I am mistaken if the task of looking for another does not lie upon you. As for the character of Lugdunum, it is for his brother to inform you what you may hope concerning it. Concerning Bochart, you answered well that he would not come, though he were summoned a hundred times, unless the Theological Professorship were added; besides, there is danger in delay, the reasons for which I recently made known to you. There is nothing new here, except one thing certainly not to be despised. Your Condé, formerly the Most Eminent's, has openly renounced friendship with him: this troubles the Court, and I fear the Kingdom as well. In Aquitaine everything is still tending toward extremity. May GOD have mercy on us. Certainly without his help many evils will press upon us: I pray and entreat him to avert them. Farewell, and love me. Paris, 17 September. 1649. CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. For nearly eight days I have written nothing because I was conducting the funeral of my youngest little daughter; which, although grave, is borne with a calmer mind because five others survive. Today, however, I shall write briefly, because I am expecting relatives and friends, in whose company the marriage papers of my eldest daughter are to be signed. Besides, I have only a few matters from you to answer. I am glad that Moro is well at Middelburg; yet I wonder that he has so completely laid aside all remembrance of us, that since he has lived there he has not wished us to know anything at all about his affairs. Farewell, and continue to love me. Paris, on the Kalends of October. 1649. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 215 EPISTOLA CCXII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. Vere dictum olim, solliciti aliquid lætis semper intervenire. Certenuptias nostras fecimus inter bina funera. Alteram enim adhuc filiolam amisi, quam peperit materfamilias inexhaustæ foecunditatis partu octimestri nec vitali, non sine vitæ suæ periculo. Eam mihi servavit Deus optimus, cui vel hoc so- lo nomine gratias debeo & ago immortales. Alias respondebo Moro nostro, cique gratulabor tam prospera sui adventus initia. Utinam reliqua similem in modum decurrant. An eum rogabo toties a te petitum Articulum Harleman- sem & Synopsis Riveti Præfationem, an ea adhuc a te expectabo & tandem ha- bebo, quod malim? Ipse videris; certe hæc dudum desideramus: quæ tamen vobis obvia credebam ab humanitate tua me posse & debere impetrare. De Blondello quoque & Bocharto quod agitatis lentum est negotium. Utemur &c fruemur illis interea, quandiu per vos licebit. In ultimam usque Transylvaniam quæritis, quæ habere non potestis: quæ vero facilia sunt paratu, & illis meliora negligitis. Scilicet quicquid quæritur optimum videtur. Interea verendum est, ne occasio clabatur, quam frustra postea desiderabitis. Laudo propositum tuum in Sueciam eundi, ad vere incomparabilem Reginam. Sed quid cessas? quam- vis tui videndi incredibili desiderio ardeam, tamen quia non dubito istud iter sine tuo magno honore & incommodo non peractum iri, velim ut illud aliis omnibus & nobis etiam neglectis ingrediaris, statim atque proxima hiems de- sævierit. Nescio quid addam. De publica re nostra alii scribunt accuratius. De Criticis & aliis quæsitis dicis ea tibi dudum oblita. Vale ergo & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Paris. VIII. Octobris. CIO IXC XLIX. EPISTOLA CCXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Alexandro Moro. Middelburgum. S Erio accusabam tuam negligentiam, & de ea apud amicos expostulabam, quod istic tamdiu immemor nostri viveres, cum ecce novissimas tuas accepi. Eas uti habui, facile præteritæ injuriæ sum oblitus: ita enim nec mitiori nomine appellabam mei apud te oblivionem. Scio novi coeli & novi hospitii causas aliquam mereri excusationem. At etiam existimavi posse me meo jure, & pro nostra amicitia, aliquid literarum a te præ aliis expectare imo & exigere. At- qui in ordinem coactus sum, & cum ad millenos scriberes, nostri quoque puduit dememinisse. Sed vel cum paucis quod maluissem, vel cum omnibus, quod factum est, juvat te meitandem esse recordatum, & ad officium rediisse. Vide quam libere agam. Italoqui amant tui jam Batavi: quidui ego quoque veteres ino- ret
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EPISTLES. 215 LETTER CCXII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Ludunum Batavorum. It was truly said long ago that something troubling always intervenes in happy events. We celebrated our wedding amid two funerals. For I have now lost another little daughter, whom the mistress of the house bore in an eight-month birth, and not without danger to her own life, despite her inexhaustible fertility. God, the best of beings, preserved her for me, and for that alone I owe and offer immortal thanks. I shall reply to our Morus another time, and congratulate him on such fortunate beginnings to his arrival. Would that the rest may proceed in like manner. Shall I ask him for the Article of Harleman and Rivet’s Synopsis and Preface, so often requested by you, or shall I still expect them from you and finally have them, which I would prefer? You will see to it yourself; certainly we have long desired these things, which I had thought you could and should obtain for me from your kindness, as they were within your reach. As for Blondel and Bochart, too, the matter you are pursuing is a slow one. We shall make use of them and enjoy them in the meantime, so long as you allow it. You seek even in farthest Transylvania what you cannot have; while what is easy to procure, and better than those things, you neglect. Of course, whatever is sought seems the best. Meanwhile we must fear lest the opportunity slip away, and you will later desire in vain what you now reject. I commend your plan of going to Sweden, to that truly incomparable Queen. But why do you delay? Although I burn with an incredible desire to see you, still, because I do not doubt that this journey will not be accomplished without great honor and inconvenience to you, I would have you undertake it, setting aside everything else, and even us, as soon as the next winter has subsided. I do not know what more to add. Others write more accurately about our public affairs. As for critics and other matters inquired about, you say that those things have long since been forgotten by you. Farewell then, and continue to love me. From Paris, October 8, 1649. LETTER CCXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Alexander Morus. Middleburg. I was seriously accusing your negligence, and complaining of it among our friends, because you were living there so long forgetful of us, when behold, I received your latest letters. As soon as I had them, I easily forgot the past injury; for I was not calling your forgetfulness of me by a gentler name either. I know that the causes of a new sky and a new home deserve some excuse. Yet I also thought that I might, by my own right and on account of our friendship, expect, indeed even demand, some letters from you before others. But I was brought back into rank, and when you were writing to thousands, it was our turn too to be ashamed that we had not been remembered. But whether I should have preferred a few words, or, as has happened, with all, it is pleasing that you have at last remembered me and returned to your duty. See how freely I am speaking. Your Batavians are now eager for Italian speech: why should I also not for the old ones inore-
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CL. S A R R A V I I res meos bonos, candidos scilicet & apertos, sine tuco & fallaciis, retineam? Sed omisis istis querimoniis impensis gaudeo, & tibi gratulor tam prospera tui adventus istas in oras initia. Iam vides merito voluisse nos te istic dudum esse. Quâ polles eruditione & industria, facile loci tui dignitatem tueberis & augebis. Nec tibi deerit Salmasius noster, cujus scis te primam notitiam & amicitiam mihi debere; quanquam postea tuo merito inter vos adoleverit & creverit. Fac ut nunquam senecat: quod tamen si obtineri non potest, ut sunt humana omnia ad interitum prona, fac ut nunquam nisi vobiscum moriatur. Ego qua potero tibi prodero, re, opera, consilio bono, hic & alibi, ubicunque arbitraberis me tibi posse inservire. Vale & me ama. Lutet. Parisior. v. Novemb. 1313 DE XLIX. E P I S T O L A C C XIV. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. D Iuturni tui silentii causam ignoro: modo tamen tua valetudo & nostri amor sint in tuto, quamlibet aliam æquo animo feram. Vidimus hic Defensionis Regiæ. Omnino magnus est iste tuus labor, & istam materiam profunde meditatus es. Typi sunt elegantes; non paucis tamen erroribus deformati. Quia autem aliquando cogitasti de Hilario Grammaisonio in Titulum Medicipromovendo, quod istic fieri erat difficile, propter ejus in lingua Latina ignorantiam; didici nuper ab Hoeufdio famoso trapezita Amstelodamensi, qui dudum hic agitat, quæ te scire oporteat & possint amico tuo prodesse. Narrabat mihi quemdam artis Galenicæ peritissimum, sed linguæ Latinæ ignarum, coactum fuisse 2 Doctoribus istius facultatis in suum Ordinem adscribi, vel Praxin suam deserere. Priori propositioni facile assensum præbuit Marinus, ita enim vocabatur, modo vellent secum agere sermone patrio, id est Belgico; Ultrajectinus enim erat. Cum de eo convenissent, interrogatus est candidatus senex ab æmulis Doctoribus, quorum tamen suffragiis, suo merito in eorum collegium cooptatus est. Hæc sibi comperta tanquam Leydæ acta, vir bonus & locupletissimus testis asserbat, circa annum hujus sæculi trigesimum quintum. Postea Amstelodamum secessit Marinus ubi diu vixit, & Hoeufdio aliisque suam opem desiderantibus adsuit. Quæ cum ita sint, quid vetat Grammaisonium eandem fortunam experiri? Iam aliud te volo & enixe rogo. Nempe ut velis favere vocationi Blondelli nostri, de qua aliqui cogitant, in locum Vossii. Scimus enim non posse id fieri nisi assentiaris, quæ tua est istic in litterariis negotiis auctoritas. Nosti hominis doctrinam stupendam & prodigiosam; unde tibi magnus honor accedat tua commendatione, viros eruditione illustres undiquaque evocatos istic a te stabilitum iri. Habebis in eo amicum sidelem & modestum. Accipe me de ea re vadem & pro eo sponsorem. Nulla in re vobis difficultas ab ipso erit. Omnia erunt plana: quod iterum spondeo &c te me hic habiturum adjutorem non inutilem. Vir enim, si quisquam, optimus, per-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Can I keep my goods good, that is to say, candid and open, without guile and without deceit? But leaving aside those complaints, I rejoice in your expense, and I congratulate you on the very prosperous beginnings of your arrival in those regions. Now you see that we had good reason to wish you to be there long ago. With the learning and industry in which you excel, you will easily uphold and increase the dignity of your position. Nor will our Salmasius be lacking to you, to whom you know that your first acquaintance and friendship are owed to me; although afterward, by your merit, it has grown and increased between you. See that it never grows old: but if that cannot be obtained, as all human things are prone to destruction, see that it never dies except with you. As far as I can, I shall help you in deed, in work, in good counsel, here and elsewhere, wherever you shall think I can be of service to you. Farewell and love me. Paris, 5 November 1313 DE XLIX. EPISTLE CCXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. I do not know the cause of your long silence: only let your health and our affection be safe, and I shall bear any other thing with an even mind. We have seen here the Regiae Defense. Certainly great is that labor of yours, and you have deeply meditated on that subject. The type is elegant; yet it is disfigured by no few errors. But since at one time you had thought of Hilary Grammaisonius for promotion to the title of Doctor of Medicine, which it was difficult to have done there, because of his ignorance of the Latin tongue; I have recently learned from Hoeufdius, the famous Amsterdam banker, who has long been staying here, something that you ought to know and that may benefit your friend. He told me of a certain man most skilled in the Galenic art, but ignorant of Latin, who had been compelled by two doctors of that faculty either to be enrolled in their Order or to abandon his practice. The first proposal was readily accepted by Marinus, for that was his name, provided that they would deal with him in the native speech, that is, in Dutch; for he was from Utrecht. When this had been agreed, the old candidate was questioned by the rival doctors, by whose votes, nevertheless, he was on his merits admitted into their college. These things, as I have learned, were witnessed by a good and very wealthy man as having taken place at Leiden, about the thirty-fifth year of this century. Afterward Marinus withdrew to Amsterdam, where he lived for a long time, and was of assistance to Hoeufdius and others who needed his help. Since these things are so, what prevents Grammaisonius from trying the same fortune? Now I want another thing from you, and earnestly beg it: namely, that you should wish to favor the appointment of our Blondellus, which some are considering, in Vossius’s place. For we know that this cannot be done unless you agree, such is your authority there in literary matters. You know the man’s astonishing and extraordinary learning; from which there may accrue to you great honor, if by your recommendation men distinguished on all sides for learning are drawn there and established by you. You will have in him a faithful and modest friend. Accept me as surety in this matter and guarantor for him. There will be no difficulty for you in anything from him. All will be plain: which I again promise, etc., and that you will have in me here a not useless helper. For he is, if anyone is, the best, per-
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EPISTOLA. 217 permittit se amicorum arbitrio, quos inter possum gloriari me non postremo esse loco. Hoc si feceris insigni beneficio Historiam sacram asseceris. Hic enim vivit ad alienum arbitrium: & inter familiarium & magnatum diversas prensationes senescit, Spartam suam non ornans, sed potius deserens: quod postremum est ipsi nobisque molestissimum. Iterum rogo & precor, ut velis quod potes in hoc negotio. Nulla majori gratia me multosque bonos viros devinxeris. Hoc ergo fac & me ama. Lut. Par. XVI. Novemb. CIO DE XLIX. EPISTOLA CC XV. CL. SARRAVIUS Isaaco Vossio. Holmiam. Multis de causis gratissimæ mihi fuerunt literæ tuæ, Holmia ad me datæ: pro quibus magnas habeo agoque gratias. Juvit enim cognoscere, te vel in istis longe dissitis regionibus, non omnem nostri memoriam & curam depesuisse: deinde audire te narrantem tot & tanta Serenissimæ Reginæ splendida & eximia decora, laude immortali dignissima. Denique datam mihi a te occasionem tenue aliquod officium præstandi ejus Majestati non ingratum. Quod Magnam Christinam spectat, quiddicam? Quidquid enim de ea dixero; dixeris tu Vir Magne & Eloquentissime, dixerint alii, semper id omne longe infra ejus merita residet. Satius ergo cum silentio ejus purpuram adorare, quam inani multiloquio & verborum strepitu argumentum nobilissimum & splendidissimum deterere & obscurare. Amat ergo inclyta illa Heroina literas nostras; earum mystas fovet & regaliter habet; de linguis & scientiis ipsa cognoscit, nec aliorum oculis & sermonibus credit? Sunt hæc sane magna & summa digna admiratione. Sed quod præcipuum est, ita literis vacat, ita libros tractat; ut tamen sceptrum nunquam deponat, & imperio regere populos, tanquam propriæ artis suæ, nunquam obliviscatur. O beatam Suediam tanta suarum fortunarum moderatrice! O beatum Vossium! O beatos omnes, cui datum est suavi ejus præsentia, conspectu, colloquio & gratia frui! Quæsivi, & reperi tuo indicio, Jamblichi librum MS. & jam describitur. Quia repatriavit Græculus Antonius, qui tibi aliquando similem laborem sumpsit, alium inveni, qui hoc negotium, & in eo jam totus est, peragat. Liber exaratus est elegantibus characteribus: sed habet aliquot lacunas, quas nisi ex alio codice difficile erit replere. Statim atque scriba imperatum pensum absolverit, curabo ad te istuc mitti. Interea ecce tibi Synopsim capitum libri Blondelliani De Sibyllis: Spissius enim est volumen, quam ut per cursores, sicut postulas, illud mittere debuerim. Si tamen adhuc perstes, facile erit tibi morem gerere. Antopæpaualior est ingentis operis, quod in Cardinalem Perronium dudum adornaverat: Quia aurem adversarius Gallice scripserat, ideo patrio etiam idiomate Responsionem suam scripsit amicus noster: cum alias hujusmodi doctrinæ & controversiæ melius lingua Romana discutiantur. Perstat idem in magno, & vereor ne nimis magno Ee ope-
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EPISTOLA. 217 he submits himself to the judgment of his friends, among whom I may boast that I am not in the last place. If you do this, by an eminent favor you will procure for yourself the Sacred History. For he now lives according to another’s will, and grows old amid the various urgings of familiars and magnates, not adorning his Sparta, but rather forsaking it: which last is most troublesome to him and to us. I again ask and beg that you will be pleased to do what you can in this matter. You would bind me and many good men under no greater obligation. Do this then, and love me. Paris, 16 November 1649. EPISTOLA CC XV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Isaac Vossius. At Stockholm. For many reasons your letters, sent to me from Stockholm, have been most welcome to me, for which I offer and give you many thanks. For it was a pleasure to learn that you, even in those far-distant regions, have not laid aside all remembrance and care of us; and next, to hear you recount so many and such splendid and distinguished ornaments of the Most Serene Queen, worthy of immortal praise. Lastly, the opportunity given me by you to render some humble service not unacceptable to Her Majesty. As for the Great Christina, what shall I say? For whatever I may say of her, you, great and most eloquent man, and others as well, will say that all of it still falls far below her merits. It is therefore better to adore her purple in silence than, by empty talk and a clatter of words, to diminish and obscure a subject most noble and brilliant. That renowned heroine loves our studies; she cherishes their initiates and treats them royally; she herself examines languages and sciences, and does not trust other people’s eyes and words? These things are indeed great and worthy of the highest admiration. But what is chief is that she is so devoted to letters, so occupied with books, yet never lays down the sceptre, and never forgets to rule peoples with the empire, as though it were her own proper art. O blessed Sweden, with so great a ruler of its fortunes! O blessed Vossius! O blessed all, to whom it has been granted to enjoy her sweet presence, sight, conversation, and favor! I have sought and, by your indication, found the MS. book of Jamblichus, and it is now being copied. Since the little Greek Antony, who once undertook a task similar for you, has returned home, I found another who is carrying out this business, and is now wholly engaged in it. The book is being transcribed in elegant characters; but it has several gaps, which it will be difficult to fill unless from another manuscript. As soon as the scribe has completed the task assigned him, I shall take care to have it sent to you there. Meanwhile, here is for you the synopsis of the chapters of Blondel’s book On the Sibyls; for the volume is thicker than that I should have sent it by couriers, as you request. If, however, you still persist, it will be easy to oblige you. Antopæpaualior is the greater part of the vast work which he had long been preparing against Cardinal Perron: because his adversary had written in French, our friend therefore also wrote his Reply in his native tongue; whereas in other respects matters of this kind concerning doctrine and controversy are better discussed in the Roman language. He continues on the great, and I fear not too great, work ...
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218 CL. SARRAVIUS opere contra Chiffletium, quod tamen affectum est. Puteanus major parat alteram editionem Laberstatum, quod vocamus, Ecclesia Gallicana, castigatiorem priore & auctiorem: opus quantivis pretii, & quod, invitis Romanæ dulæ mancipiis, merito audit Galliæ nostræ Palladium. Post aliquot septimas prælo subjicietur. Quid alli moliantur, cum ipsi reticeant & premant, difficile sit dicere. Tota Puteanorum societas volunt te salvere. Ego quoque, quem tui crede semper amantissimum. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetia Parisior. xix. Novemb. 1313 DC XLIX. EPSITOLA COXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Inis tuis responsum debeo: priores quippe serius venerunt, quam ut eis per cursorem, qui eas attulerat, potuerim tibi satisfacere. In iis querebaris Heinsii filium istic multis dixisse, me scripsisse ad Elzevirios te frustra tentasse Heraldum inscitia arguere, cum esset vir undiquaque doctissimus. Sed ego potius queror & jure, te ita male suspiciosum esse & adeo facilem, ut quicquid de me tibi dicitur, sine diligenti inquisitione, credas. Sane cum tibi amici sint Elzevirii, quare eos non consuluisti super rei istius veritate, si eam talem existimasti, de qua mecum expostulares? Quare non jussisti Nicolaum istas meas literas tibi exhibere, quemadmodum tu ante aliquot meas cum illo communicasti, in quibus nescio quid de eo liberius ad te scripseram. Vidi enim & penes me adhuc sunt, quas scripsit ad communem amicum, in quibus tota hæc historia enarratur. Quas ubi primum legi, indolui isto tuo facto periisse mihi libertatem deinceps tecum familiarius agendi. Statueram tamen id silentio involvere, & fecissem, nisi mihi illud renovandi occasionem præbuisses. Istos autem meos de Heraldo sermones quod spectat, scias rem esse falsissimam; & mihi ita affirmanti credas velim. Orationem in obitum Spanhemii ad me misit defuncti filius. Gratias egi & laudavi oratorem, quod fuum argumentum bene executus esset & laudabiliter. Si quid in hac re peccavi, libenter patiar te censorem: nec scire debui, unde Heydanus efformaverit aut compilaverit suam laudationem. Ut finiam priori tuæ epistolæ respondere. Scomma Molinæi frigidum mihi visum est de alaudis captis a nescio quibus hominibus, quia sufficit ut propositio hypothetica locum habeat, alaudas captas esse sub retibus, non autem requiritur ut homines illas capiant, assent & comedant. Sed hæc nihil omittamus. Tuam defensionem quod spectat, dolendum esset in ipsis nascendi primordiis interire. Sed voluisti istam aleam subire spreto strenue, quod tibi proposueram, consilio. Videbimus ergo quid ex generoso tuo animo boniaut mali eveniet. Sed malum avertat omnis boni Auctior, cui te commendatum opto. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Paris. xxvi. Novemb. 1313 DC XLIX. EPL
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218. CL. SARRAVIUS against Chiffletius, which, however, has been affected. Puteanus the elder is preparing another edition of what we call the Gallican Church of Laberstatum, more corrected than the first and more complete: a work of great value, and which, to the displeasure of the slaves of Roman dulia, is justly called the Palladium of our France. After a few weeks it will be put to the press. What others may be plotting, since they themselves keep silent and suppress it, it is difficult to say. The whole company of the Puteani wishes to greet you. I too, whom believe always most devoted to you. Farewell, and continue to love me. Paris, Nov. 19, 1313 DC XLIX. LETTER CXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leyden. I owe you an answer to your letters: for the earlier ones arrived too late for me to be able to satisfy you by the courier who brought them. In them you complained that the son of Heinsius had said much there, that I had written to the Elzeviers that you had tried in vain to attack Heraldus for ignorance, whereas he was a man learned in every respect. But I rather complain, and with good reason, that you are so ill-suspicious and so ready to believe whatever is said to you about me, without careful inquiry. Surely, since the Elzeviers are your friends, why did you not consult them as to the truth of that matter, if you thought it to be such as to make you remonstrate with me? Why did you not order Nicholas to show you those letters of mine, just as you once communicated some of your own to him, in which I had written to you somewhat more freely about him, I know not what? For I have seen, and still have with me, what he wrote to our common friend, in which the whole story is related. As soon as I read it, I was grieved that by that act of yours my freedom of afterwards dealing with you more familiarly had been lost to me. I had nevertheless resolved to wrap this in silence, and I would have done so, had you not given me occasion to bring it up again. As for my remarks about Heraldus, know that the matter is entirely false; and I beg you to believe me when I affirm it. The son of the deceased sent me the funeral oration on Spanhemius. I thanked him and praised the speaker for having handled his subject well and in a praiseworthy manner. If I have erred in this matter, I shall gladly endure you as my censor: nor ought I to have known from whom Heydanus had fashioned or compiled his panegyric. To bring my former letter to an end, and answer your previous one. Molinaeus’s joke seemed to me a cold one, about larks caught by certain men, because it is enough for the hypothetical proposition to have force that larks have been caught beneath the nets; it is not required, however, that men catch them, season them, and eat them. But let us pass over this. As for your defense, it would be a pity for it to perish in the very beginnings of life. But you wished to undertake that hazard, boldly rejecting the advice I had proposed to you. We shall therefore see what good or evil will come of your generous spirit. But may the Bestower of all good avert evil, to whom I desire you to be commended. Farewell, and love me. Paris, Nov. 26, 1313 DC XLIX. EPL
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EPISTOLÆ EPISTOLA CCXVII. CL. SARRAVIUS Isaac Vossio. Amstelodamum. Scripsi haud ita pridem, qua via ista Lud. Jacobi Paralipomena ad temi- serim: quæ hic repetere nihil est necesse. Gaudeo ea vel sero tibi aliquan- do esse reddita. Quæ Historicos Græcos spectant reliqua, ecce mitto; quan- doquidem liber vergit ad umbilicum. Alias commodam nactus occasionem, habebis etiam quæ idem collegit de Historicis Latinis, cum Bertii Eusebianis, de quibus olim scripsi, Menagii nostri dono. Debemus saltem conferre im- pensas vobis superba palatia ædificantibus. Gratulor tibi faustum in patriam reditum post vicinas provincias lustratas, & visos in iis viros eruditos. Chif- fletio dixerim libenter, quod olim Achab Regi Syriæ Benadab, Ne glorietur accinctus aqve ac discinctus. Nescit enim cum quo adversario certamen ei ineundum sit, quantusque in clypeum assurgat, & quo turbine torqueat ha- stam Blondellus noster. Non dicam indicta ore alio dicturum hunc nostrum, sed ne cogitata quidem; eaque tam multa & tam grandia, ut portentum inge- nii admiraturus sit Hispanicæ potentiæ Vindex alias non contemnendus. Sed nunis lentum est, inquies, omne istud negotium. Fateor sane & dolet non ci- tius progredi: sed quia omnia etiam minutissima exequitur: quia multa nova & vera lumina accendit, facere non potest, quin ejus opus in majorem molem crestat. Præterea non hoc unum agit noster: quin ad alia supiuseule diver- tit: ut nuper De jure Tremolliæ Ducis in regno Neapolitano; & De Sibyllis earumque Carminibus, ea commentatus est, quæ frustra ab alio quovis expe- terentur. Interea ergo triumphet Eques Hispanicus; sed cum ista cogitatio- ne, sibi aliquando rem fore cum pedite Gallo, quieum, cum suis armillis & torquibus, in terram sit dejecturus & jugulaturus. Vale. Lut. Paris. x. Decemb. 613 IDC XLIX. EPISTOLA CCXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Bene & sapienter, ut solent omnia, fecere Ordines Bataviæ, dum in tuam DEFENSIONEM nihil singulariter statuere. Carebit scilicet auctoritate publica privatum opus, sine qua stare potest, nec ideo minus probabitur. Ha- ceterus satis cognitum quid in humanioribus litteris, quid in antiquitate sacra & profana, quid in Jurisprudentia, quid in Medicina valeres, quid autem in Politica, quid in Oratoria posse hinc etiam constabit. In utroque enim hoc argumento versari debet Apologeticus in gratiam Regis miserimi scriptus: nec dubitare fas est, te nostræ expectationi facturum esse satis. Quia autem exem- E e 2 pla-
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EPISTLES EPISTLE CCXVII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Isaac Vossius. Amsterdam. I wrote not long ago by what route I sent those paraphrases of Lud. Jacobus to you: there is no need to repeat that here. I am glad that at last, though late, they have been delivered to you. Here I send the remainder concerning the Greek historians; for the book is now drawing toward its end. At some other convenient opportunity, you will also have what the same author collected on the Latin historians, together with Bertius’s Eusebian materials, of which I once wrote to you, as a gift from our Menagius. We ought at least to contribute expenses to you who are building splendid palaces. I congratulate you on your happy return to your native land after touring the neighboring provinces and seeing the learned men there. I would gladly say to Chiffletius what was once said by Benhadad to King Ahab of Syria: “Let not him that girdeth on boast as if he were ungirded.” For he does not know with what opponent he is entering the contest, nor how greatly our Blondellus rises upon the shield, and with what force he hurls his spear. I shall not say what this man of ours would say in words not yet uttered by another, but not even what he has conceived; and so many and so great are these things that the avenger of Spanish power, not to be despised in other respects, will be amazed at the prodigy of his talent. But, you will say, this whole business is indeed very slow. I confess it certainly is, and I regret that it does not progress more quickly; but because he examines even the smallest details, because he kindles many new and true lights, he cannot help making his work grow to greater bulk. Besides, our man does not do this alone: he also turns aside rather freely to other subjects, as lately in On the Right of the Duke of Tremouille in the Kingdom of Naples , and On the Sibyls and their Songs , he has discussed matters that would be sought in vain from anyone else. Meanwhile, then, let the Spanish knight triumph; but with this thought, that he will one day have to deal with a French foot-soldier, whom, with his little armlets and collars, he is going to throw to the ground and cut the throat of. Farewell. Paris, Dec. 10. 613 IDC XLIX. EPISTLE CCXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Leyden. The Estates of Holland acted well and wisely, as they always do, when they decided nothing specifically in your DEFENSE. Your private work will thus be without public authority; but it can stand without it, and will therefore be no less approved. Hereafter it will be sufficiently known what you are worth in humane letters, in sacred and profane antiquity, in jurisprudence, in medicine, and also what you can do in politics and in oratory. For in both these subjects the apologetic work written in favor of the most wretched king must deal; nor is there cause to doubt that you will satisfy our expectation. But since the exam-
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CL. S A R R A V I I plarium huc a te mittendorum videris me destinare largitorem, quæso, ut jam sæpius frustra feci, mittere velis indiculum amicorum, quos inter erunt distribuenda. Solent enim nonnulli queri se a me omitti, quasi possem omni- bus consulere. Oneror itaque invidia, cui ferendæ ego præsens sum impar, & quam tu remotior facile contemnas. Obiisse Latium virum bonum doleo, tui causa & reipublicæ quoque literariæ. Erat enim vir candidus & apertus & studiis nostris favebat. Sed omnes idem iter insistemus. Cæterum gratulor tibi serio litterarum commercium quod habes cum Suediæ Regina. Utinam coram posses ejus divinas audire & reddere voces. Omnia debes posthabere isti colloquio & eo statim avolare. Vale. Lutetiæ Paris. xxvii. Decemb. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Sive Latinas sive Gallicas scribas literas, semper mihi sunt gratissimæ. Prio- res vel sola sua dialecto placent; alteræ vero, quia ut plurimum sunt prælixio- res, quales erant postremæ tuæ. Blondelli vocationem Amstelodamens- sem ipsi gratulor. Eam dudum bonos aliquot viros moliri intellexeram: con- fectum vero negotium & emissos vocationis codicillos nescio. Cras forsan me conveniet, & quid in ea re actum sit, certo cognoscam. Si me audiet, & puto audiet, eo ibit non lento gradu. Bene sit Amplissimæ Urbi, quæ ta- lem virum doctum, sapientem, modestum & pacis studiosum acquirit. Væ Galliæ noveræ suos filios ejicienti, quia eos non fovet, nec pro meritis ha- bet. Expectabo quæ huc destinasti exemplaria defensionis Regiæ, quæ etiam posset hic recudi præcipue Gallice, si velis tuam versionem mittere. Vidua Mathurini Puteani, quæ res tuas hic procurat, meretur aliis præterri: ego tua causa operas typographicas dirigam. Hæc scribo podager & . Tu vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parisiorum pridie Kalendis Ianuarias Anni 13C L. quem tibi tuisque faustum fortunatumque voveo & opto; nobis vero præterito meliorem, certe dissimilem. E P I S T O L A CCXX. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. G Ravi hemicranæ dolore, post leniores podagræ, nunc afflictus, pauca omni no a me haberes, imo nihil, nisi quæ in opistographo continentur, tibi mit- tere promisissem. Vignerius Oratorianus Presbyter Nicolai Blesensis filius, ea heri attulit & rogavit, ut velles meo & suo rogatu, de iis sententiam tuam promere. Dicit habere se affectum Commentarium de hujusmodi nugis, quæ aliquando seria
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CL. SARRAVII to Claudius Salmasius. Paris. You seem to be appointing me as the distributor of the books to be sent here by you; I beg you, as I have so often done in vain, to be willing to send a list of the friends among whom they are to be distributed. For some are accustomed to complain that I neglect them, as though I could provide for everyone. So I am burdened with envy, to bear which, being present, I am unequal, and which you, being farther away, can easily despise. I grieve that a good man from Latium has died, for your sake and for that of the learned commonwealth too. For he was a candid and open man and favored our studies. But all of us must travel the same road. However, I sincerely congratulate you on the literary correspondence you have with the Queen of Sweden. Would that you could hear and answer her divine voice in person. You ought to put everything else aside for that conversation and fly straight to it. Farewell. Paris, 27 December. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. Whether you write your letters in Latin or in French, they are always most welcome to me. The former please me by their own dialect alone; the latter, because they are for the most part more lengthy, such as your last were. I congratulate Blondel on his call to Amsterdam. I had long since understood that a number of good men were bringing this about; but whether the matter has been completed and the letters of invitation sent out, I do not know. Perhaps tomorrow he will visit me, and I shall learn for certain what has been done in the matter. If he listens to me—and I think he will—he will go there at no slow pace. May it be well for that most excellent city, which acquires such a learned, wise, modest, and peace-loving man. Woe to France, like a stepmother, casting out her own sons, because she does not cherish them or treat them according to their merits. I shall await the copies of the Royal Defense that you have destined for here, which could also be reprinted here, especially in French, if you wish to send your translation. The widow of Mathurin Puteanus, who manages your affairs here, deserves to be preferred over others: for your sake I shall direct the printers' work. I write this with gout and ... Farewell, and continue to love me. Paris, on the day before the Kalends of January, in the year 13C L., which I wish and pray may be happy and fortunate for you and yours; for us, indeed, better than the past one, certainly different. EPISTLE CCXX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. Afflicted by the pain of hemicrania, after milder attacks of gout, I would now have given you nothing at all, indeed nothing, had I not promised to send you the things contained in the back of the sheet. Vignerius, an Oratorian priest, son of Nicolas Blesensis, brought them yesterday and asked that, at my request and his, you would give your opinion on them. He says that he has a completed commentary on such trifles, which sometimes are serious
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EPISTOLA. 221 seria ducunt, te præsertim earum interprete. Hoc facies commodo tuo. Imo cito facies, aut nunquam. Soles enim facile hujusmodi promissorum oblivisci: & possem ex syngrapha adversus te agere, nisi bona potius verba hoc anno ineunte essent dicenda. Vale & me ama, qui æternum servo amorem. Lutetiæ Paris. Nonis Ianuariis 1513 I. Ne mea brevitas nuda & inornata videatur, hic habes Carmen Elegans, in cujus titulo voluit me exornatum L. Senator Pa- tisiensis. P. L. CARMEN IN ALBAS LIGÆ PROCESSIONES. DOCTISSIMO SARRAVIO. LArvata ritu quod sodalitas novo LAlbo stupentem venit Urbem syrmate: Et tecta vultus cernuos, torvum tuens; Gestat retortis lora pendula funibus: Ne tu cachinnos solve, neu misce jocos. Sed tacitus oculis, auribus, lingua fave. Hic pura virtus: Pura cultus hic pii Medulla. Fatis quisquis huc felicibus Fratrum vocatur Candidatorum comes; Compendiosa currit in cælum via; Cæloque victo potitur & victis diis. Rides & agra mentis hoc morbum vocas? Non imperitum vulgus hi possunt doli Nugis superbis fallere, an fallent Deum? Persona vultus muta nequicquam tegit. Animi recessus cum penetrales patent. Male in cucullo lineo latet scelus. Quid omineris? Ni taces præsens malum Iram Deorum senties Harpocrates. EPISTOLA CCXXI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Hayam. REm magnam &c, antequam accidisset, arduam omnibus creditam, quin & factu impossibilem, istuc procul dubio velox fama detulerit: injectas nempe Reginæ mandato manus in Condæum Principem, ejus fratrem Contium, horumque profratrem Longovillanum Ducem; qui in Vincenarum arce sub arcta custodia jam asservantur. Factum id omnibus mirantibus, die Martis hujus mensis decima octava, vesperi. Causas istius facinoris explicuit Rex prægrandi ad Senatum nostrum epistola, cujus exemplum misissem, nisi veritus es- Ee 3 sem
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EPISTLE. 221 serious matters are being discussed, especially with you as their interpreter. You will do this to your own advantage. Indeed, you will do it soon, or never. For you are accustomed easily to forget promises of this kind; and I could proceed against you on the basis of the written agreement, were not better words rather to be spoken at the beginning of this year. Farewell, and love me, who keep an everlasting love. At Paris, on the Nones of January, 1513. Lest my brevity should seem bare and unadorned, here you have an Elegant Poem, in whose title L. Senator of Pavia wished me to be adorned. P. L. ELEGANT POEM ON THE WHITE LIGA PROCESSIONS. TO THE MOST LEARNED SARRAVIUS. The company, masked in new fashion, comes in white vesture, to the astonishment of the City; and with faces covered and heads bowed, with a stern gaze, it carries straps hanging with twisted ropes. Do not burst into laughter, nor mingle jests; but in silence favor it with eyes, ears, and tongue. Here is pure virtue; here is the very marrow of pious observance. Whoever is called hither by favorable fate, as a companion of the Brotherhood of the White-Clad, travels a short road to heaven; and, having overcome heaven, he gains possession of it, and of the conquered gods. Do you laugh and call this a disease of the mind? The ignorant crowd cannot be deceived by these proud tricks; and will they deceive God? A mask vainly conceals the face. The hidden recesses of the mind lie open. Evil is poorly hidden beneath a linen hood. What do you foretell? If you remain silent, you will feel the present evil, O Harpocrates, the wrath of the Gods. EPISTLE CCXXI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Hayam. A great matter, etc., before it happened, had been believed by all to be difficult, and indeed impossible to carry out; no doubt swift rumor has brought it there: namely, that, by order of the Queen, hands were laid on the Prince of Condé, his brother the Count of Conti, and their half-brother the Duke of Longueville; who are now being kept in the fortress of Vincennes under strict guard. The deed, to the amazement of all, was done on Tuesday, the eighteenth of this month, in the evening. The King explained the reasons for this outrage in a very lengthy letter to our Senate, a copy of which I would have sent, had I not feared that it would be too long to...
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CL S A R R A V I I sem fasciculum tuum onerare. Omnino ferocientis Principis audacia Aulæ no- stræ formidolosa coërcenda visa est. Quæ autem fuerint ejus consilia, aperient forsan dies sequuturi. Interea quos lupos non auribus, sed totis corporibus tenent, videant quorum ea res est, ne inde elabantur aut erumpant. Omni- no enim Gallia intestino bello tota conflagraret, quod avertat DEUS opti- mus, cujus, absit verbo blasphemia, pertinax hactenus visa est erga nos indul- gentia. Nondum scio an acceperit Blondellus Amstelodamensis vocationis di- ploma: quin heri aut hodie tantum id habet, nisi velit id me celatum, quod vix crediderim. Certe postrema die dominica negabat se a tribus septimanis quidquam istinc habuisse. Cæterum miror Moro grave fuisse in Professione Historica sibi prælatum Blondellum, cui omnes in ea scientia cedunt juvenes- que senesque. Ut enim tum tantum delatus is honor fuerit Blondello, cum eum recusaverit Morus, audi me patienter quod sentio dicentem, non credo. De- fensionem tuam Gallicam debes Viduæ Puteanæ, quæ cum suo marito dudum tibi operam navavit: cum præsertim istic vulgaria nostra parum castigate ex- cudantur. Itaque eam ocyus huc transmitte: verendum enim est ne audacu- lus aliquis id ipsum vel te invito aggrediatur. Quanquam autem incredibili tui videndi ardeam desiderio, tamen Suedicum iter tibi præferendum censeo. Ita loleo amicorum commoda meis votis antehabere. Vale itaque & eo vola. Lutetiæ Parisior. XXII. Ianuarii 1513 L. E P I S T O L A CCXXII. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Hagam. Exspectabo reditum tuum Leydam, ut illic possis melius & commodius re- spondere Vignieri quæsitis: quod tamen si omiseris, noli vereri ut ex Syngrapha tecum agam. Nulla enim sunt tribunalia, in quibus te reum pera- gere possem, nisi forsan neglecti officii; quod, ut sunt tempora, facile con- temnitur. Ago gratias quod pollicearis indiculum amicorum, quibus tua DEFENSIO danda erit. Sed memineris eum ocyusmittere. Aquilo enim, qui aliquot abhinc diebus continuo flat, naves statim adduxerit, & cum iis libro- rum tuorum fasciculum: quem non aperire aut saltem spargere certum est, donec promissum catalogum accepero. Sed num addidisti quintæ Editioni, quæ Amstelodami adornatur, eximiam illam Præfationem, quam integro libro olim præserebas. Versionem autem Gallicam posses pluribus vicibus huc mittere, ut citius editio inchoëtur. Vidi literas vocationis Blondelli; & intellexi artes æmulorum, qui eam turbare conatisunt. Omnino accipiet conditionem, de- serta patria, quæ tales viros non meretur habere; adeo parce & illiberaliter cum iis agit. Utinam illic lautius & beatius vivat; quod factu facile omnes existi mant. Regis patruius Urbem non vult deserere; unde multi credunt, quidquid simulent, iter non factum iri, duro præsertim hoc frigore: quod etiam me plura
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without burdening your fascicle. The boldness of the furious Prince seemed to our Court altogether fearsome and in need of restraint. What his plans may have been, perhaps the days to come will reveal. Meanwhile, let those who hold wolves not by the ears but by their whole bodies see to it, since the matter concerns them, lest they slip away or break out. For assuredly all France would be consumed in civil war, which may the best God avert, whose indulgence toward us has hitherto seemed persistent, if I may say so without blasphemy. I do not yet know whether Blondel of Amsterdam has received the diploma of appointment; indeed, he has only had it since yesterday or today, unless he wishes that to be concealed from me, which I can hardly believe. Certainly on the last Sunday he denied that he had received anything from there for three weeks. For the rest, I am surprised that it was unpleasant to Morus that Blondel was preferred to him in the chair of History, Blondel to whom all, both young and old, yield in that science. For if that honor was then conferred on Blondel only when Morus refused it, hear me patiently while I say what I think: I do not believe it. You owe your French defense to Madame Putean, who long ago with her husband gave you assistance; especially since there our common works are printed with rather little care. So send it here as quickly as possible, for we must fear lest some bold fellow undertake that very thing even against your wishes. And although I burn with an incredible desire to see you, nevertheless I judge that your Swedish journey should take precedence. Thus I would rather the interests of friends than my own wishes be put first. Farewell, then, and fly there. Paris, 22 January 1513. EPISTLE CCXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. The Hague. I shall await your return to Leiden, so that there you may be able to answer Vignier’s questions better and more conveniently; but if you omit that, do not fear that I shall proceed against you by way of a bond. For there are no courts in which I could bring you to trial, except perhaps for neglected duty; and, as times are, that can easily be disregarded. I thank you for promising a list of friends to whom your DEFENSE will be given. But remember to send it quickly. For the north wind, which has been blowing continuously for some days now, will at once have brought the ships, and with them the bundle of your books: which I am determined not to open, or at least not to scatter, until I have received the promised catalogue. But have you added to the fifth edition, which is being prepared at Amsterdam, that excellent Preface which you once set before an entire book? As for the French version, you could send it here in several installments, so that the edition may be begun more quickly. I saw Blondel’s letters of appointment, and I understood the machinations of his rivals, who tried to disturb it. He will certainly accept the position, having left his homeland, which does not deserve to have such men; it treats them too sparingly and too ungenerously. Would that he may live there more abundantly and happily; which everyone thinks will be easy to do. The king’s uncle does not wish to leave the city; hence many believe that, whatever they may pretend, the journey will not be made, especially in this harsh cold: which also gives me many
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EPISTOLA. 223 plura scribere vetat. Vale & me ama. Lutetia Parsiorum XXIX. Ianuarii CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. P Aucis contentus esto; nihil enim a te per hunc cursorem habui. An es jam ingressus iter Suedicum? an saltem ad illud serio te accingis? Omnino bo- num factum, quod omnes moras rumpas ut eo te conferas. Heri accepi literas a Vossionostro, qui de suæ Domina virtutibus & eruditione pergit admiranda, & quæ tamen apud me facile fidem inveniunt, dicere. Ejus munificentia ad me quoque pervenit. Quia enim illi tenue aliquod officium præstiti, misit ad me aureum nummum, qui suam iconem refert. Hoc ego si retuli præmium levissimæ operæ, qua mercede longinqua tua peregrinatio & immensa doctrina pen- sabuntur? Nondum advenit fasciculus, in quo sunt REGIÆ DEFENSIO- NIS libri: vereor ut serius reddatur. Wlacus enim Anglus typographus cu- ravit ad se istinc per cursorem mitti unum exemplum ejus formæ, quam in duode- cimo vocant: & jam satagunt operæ typographicæ, ut diligentissime edatur. Vidi nobilem Anglum expostulantem, quod omiseris unum exemplum mittere ad defuncti Caroli viduam, quæ hic degit; Quamvis enim inquiebat, sit in re mi- nimo lauta, tamen potuisse solvere pretium tabellarii, qui illud attulisset. Ex- pectabam tuam responsionem ad Vignerii quæsita: quod si facere neglexeris, solens feceris. Satius est tamen adhuc præstolari, quam ita præcipitanter te damnare. Itaque . Statim enim viderimus, quid nobis sperandum sit. Regis iter Normannicum parum procedit: quia dicunt omnes arces dedi- tum iri, nec necesse fore ulterius progredi. Vale & me amare perge. Lute- tia Parsior. v. Februarii. CL. 13C L. EPISTOLA CCXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Quamvis jam secundum cesses, iterum scribere non desinam; ea tamen lege, ut si tertium silueris, ego quoque tuo exemplo conticescam. Vix enim crediderim te in Suediam nobis in salutatis esse profectum; cum præsertim anni tempestas sit adhuc incommoda. An vero meditaris ad Vignerii quæsita pro- lixam aliquam responsionem? Hoc sane velim: sed cum sis totus itineris, cre- dibile non est te istis nugis quamvis eruditis, velle, quod superest tempus im- pendere. Modo autem valeas quidquid sit, bene erit. Nondum advenerunt tua exemplaria, quæ ad nos destinasti, nimis lenta via maris, quæ ea huc debet sistere. Interea procedit editio non inelegans, quæ hic in quarto excuditur. Etiam
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EPISTLE 223 he forbids me to write more. Farewell, and love me. Paris, January 29. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Be content with a few words; for indeed I have had nothing from you by this courier. Have you already set out on your Swedish journey? Or at least are you seriously preparing yourself for it? It is altogether a good thing that you break off all delays and make your way there. Yesterday I received letters from our Vossius, who goes on speaking of his Lady’s virtues and learning, admirable indeed, and such as nevertheless easily find credit with me. His generosity has reached me also. For since I had rendered him some slight service, he sent me a gold coin bearing his likeness. If I have returned this as the reward of a very trifling labor, by what wage shall your distant travel and immense learning be repaid? The packet has not yet arrived in which are the books of the REGIA DEFENSIO; I fear it may be delivered late. For Wlacus, the English printer, took care that one copy of that format which they call duodecimo should be sent to him from there by courier; and the printing workers are already busy that it may be published with the greatest care. I saw a noble Englishman complaining that you had omitted to send one copy to the widow of Charles, now deceased, who lives here; for, though, he said, she is by no means wealthy, still she could have paid the porter who would have brought it. I was expecting your answer to Vigerius’s inquiries; if you neglect to do so, you will have done as usual. Yet it is better still to wait than to condemn you so hastily. So then. For we shall immediately see what we may hope for. The King’s journey into Normandy is making little progress, because they say all the fortresses will be surrendered and that it will not be necessary to advance further. Farewell, and continue to love me. Paris, February 5. CL. 13C L. EPISTLE CCXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Although you are already neglecting the second letter, I shall not cease from writing a third; but on this condition, that if you are silent a third time, I too will be silent in your example. For I could scarcely believe that you had departed for Sweden without so much as saying farewell to us, especially since the season of the year is still unfavorable. Or are you meditating some lengthy reply to Vigerius’s inquiries? This I would indeed wish; but since you are wholly occupied with travel, it is not credible that you want to spend what time remains on these learned trifles, however erudite they may be. But as long as you remain well, all will be well, whatever the case may be. Your copies, which you sent to us, have not yet arrived, the sea route being too slow, and it is to delay them here. Meanwhile, a not inelegant edition is going forward, which is being printed here in quarto. Also
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CL S A R R A V I I Etiam Gallicam versionem volebant adornare, nisi intercessissem & dixissem te auctore hoc jam esse curatum. Vide ergo ut ocyus Latina & Gallica tua habeamus. Invenies hic multos laudatores: sed aliquos etiam Censores. Qui aliter in tanta sentiendi, & quidlibet effutiendi licentia? Multi enim Aulæ addictius serviunt, propter spem præmii: alii vero libertatem magis amant; quam existimant se in moderato regio imperio facilius posse tueri. Varia itaque experieris hominum judicia: sed sat erit melioribus & potioribus placuisse. In Neustria omnia ad pacem vergunt: sed in Heduis tuis turbatur. Fama est eo Regem iturum statim atque de Franciscopoli fuerit transactum, quod brevi fore speratur. Cadomenses enim sicut & Diepenses sunt in Regis obsequio. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parisior. XII. Febuarii. C13 I3C L. E P I S T O L A CCXXV. CL. S A R R A V I U S Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Postquam te scivi Hagæ viridaria lustrantem, nihil inexpectatius accidit, quam intelligere te lecto affixum, podagra miserabiliter torqueri. Sed hæc desenda est hujus vitæ conditio & omnium humanarum rerum vicissitudo, ut læta & tristia sibi invicem succedant, ita tamen ut hæc sæpius, quam illa recurrant aut saltem diutius inhæreant. Verum tristia hæc vel sola recordatione molesta omittamus. Penes me sunt aliquot quaterniones tuæ Defensionis. Miratus sum, & procul dubio mecum erunt multi in eadem sententia, ubi legi in Præfatione necessarios tibi videri Episcopos in regimine Ecclesia Anglicana. Tibi inquam, qui in Wallone Messalino, adeo acriter eos insectatus es, ut forsan inde arrepta sit, si non nata occasio eos penitus amovendi. Hoc sane dicent esse potius, quam Reliqua cum voluptatelegi. Exemplaria tua non comparent. Bonum factum quod laterculum miseris eorum, quibus tuo nomine dari debent, quod a me religiose præstabitur. Vereor tamen ne inter Pastores nostros omiseris eorum principem, virum doctissimum, tum tui studiosissimum, Michaelem Falcarium, cum quo impleveris. B. Amici nostri vetus est vitium, quod istic & hic quoque juvenesque senesque dudum notaverunt; sed tamen quod multis eximiis dotibus compenietur; & possit frequente Latini sermonis usu corrigi. Fatebor autem me de amicis sinistre & perverse sentire & scribere, te vero minime obliviosum esse, ubi ad quæsita Oratoriani presbyteri responderis. Interea velim me feras non sine ratione, ita arbitror, conquerentem: hoc enim te possit vivida, qua polles, memoria docere. Vale & cum mea patere te sæpius interpellantem. Si obsequeret desiderio meo, nec vererer esse molestus, plura adhuc hujusmodi de quibus expostulares. Iterum Vale & in Suediam vel vola, vel curre, vel naviga, vel defector; sed ad nos postea revertitor. Ita voveo & opto. Lutetiæ Parisior. XVIII. Februarii. C13 I3C L. EPI-
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CL SARRAVIUS They also wanted to prepare the Gallic version, unless I had intervened and said that, on your authority, this had already been taken care of. See, then, that we may have your Latin and French versions as soon as possible. You will find here many admirers, but also some critics. What else could there be amid such freedom to think, and to blurt out whatever one likes? For many serve the Court with greater devotion, for the hope of reward; others, however, love liberty more, which they believe they can more easily preserve under a moderate royal government. Thus you will encounter various judgments of men; but it will be enough to have pleased the better and more important ones. In Neustria everything is tending toward peace; but in your Heduian lands there is unrest. It is said that the King will go there as soon as matters at Franciscopolis have been concluded, which is hoped will be soon. For the people of Caen, like those of Dieppe, are in the King’s obedience. Farewell, and continue to love me. Paris, 12 February. C13 I3C L. E P I S T L E CCXXV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. After I learned that you were strolling through the gardens at The Hague, nothing seemed more unexpected than to hear that you were confined to your bed, tormented miserably by gout. But such is the condition of this life and the vicissitude of all human affairs, that joys and sorrows succeed one another, though in such a way that the latter return more often than the former, or at least remain longer. But let us omit these sad things, which are troubling even by the mere recollection of them. I have several quires of your Defence. I was astonished, and no doubt many will agree with me, when in the Preface I read that bishops seemed necessary to you in the government of the English Church. You, I say, who in the Walloon Messalina attacked them so sharply that perhaps the occasion was seized upon there, if not actually born there, to remove them entirely. This, they will certainly say, is rather the point than the rest, which I read with pleasure. Your copies do not appear. Well done for sending the list of those to whom they should be given in your name, a task which I shall faithfully carry out. Yet I fear that among our Pastors you may have omitted their chief, a most learned man and also most devoted to you, Michael Falcarius, with whom you will have filled it. B. It is an old failing of our friends, which both there and here has long been noted by young men and old alike; yet one that will be compensated by many excellent qualities, and may be corrected by frequent use of the Latin tongue. I shall confess, however, that I think and write ill of friends; but you are by no means forgetful when you reply to the questions of the Oratorian priest. Meanwhile I would have you bear with me, as I think not without reason, when I complain; for your lively memory, which you possess in abundance, could teach you this. Farewell, and allow yourself often to be interrupted by me. If it were granted to my desire, I would not hesitate to be troublesome, and there are still many more things of this kind about which you would be importuned by me. Farewell again, and either fly, or run, or sail, or defect to Sweden; but afterward return to us. So I vow and so I wish. Paris, 18 February. C13 I3C L. EPI-
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EPISTOLA. EPISTOLA CCXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Advenerunt quidem exemplaria tuæ Defensionis, sed non tua, quæ nu- spiam comparent. Quid hoc est? inquies. Jam rescies, & quid tua causa fecerim bene aut male, prout tibi videbitur. Statim atque audivi in via Iacobæa prostatare vænales novos e Batavia libros, pro more meo eo advolavi. Unam, duas, tres, plures adhuc officinas ingressus, quæsivi de tuo Libro quem inveni. Petitum, & alios interrogavi, quot tuo nomine mihi dare debe- rent, an quinquaginta juxta priores literas tuas, an tantum viginti juxta poste- riores. Negavit ille, negaverunt alii, se quidquam mihi esse daturos, nisi meis sumptibus; nec ulla a quoquam se habuisse mandata, quibus mihi aliquid essent daturi. Quid facerem? Dixeram haud ita pridem me tua exemplaria expe- ctare, & largiturum esse his & illis: jam vero delusos se conquerentur. Meo periculo, inquam, meam & Salmasianam fidem liberabo. Accepi ergo a Pe- tito novem amplioris chartæ, & duodecim contractioris, viginti scilicet exem- plaria & unum; & syngrapha mea cavi, me ea de meo soluturum, nisi Tu aut Elzevirius ei satisfaceretis. Existimavi me hoc tibi debere præstare; & Elze- viriorum oblivione aut incuria id accidisse. Tu vero vide quomodo nomen istud tuum, aut meum, sis expuncturus. Certe si expectassem tuam responsio- nem, periisset occasio ea donandi Magnatibus & amicis. Malui ergo hujus qualiscunque jacturæ aleam subire, quam tres hebdomadas, dum scriberem, tuque rescriberes, expectare. Laterculum tuum implevi, & omnia hic do- nata vel alio missa. Quia non potuit Petitus omnia in folio suppeditare, coa- ctus sum aliquot in duodecimo accipere. Scribe ergo ut mea cautio mihi re- stituatur: & alia si quæ amicis destinaveris, vide, ut in unum fasciculum componantur, mihi aut alii reddendum. Miserum est enim cum istis homi- nibus contendere, ut non suum reddant. De Vignerii quæsitis fiet quod vo- les, & quando voles, imo vel post tuum e Suedia reditum. Vale & meama. Lutetiæ Parisior. xxvi. Februarii. C15 IX L. EPISTOLA CCXXVII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Nihil a te accepimus a postremo vestro tabellario. Sed ex epistola uxoris tuæ ad viduam Putcanam, intelleximus te adhuc podagra teneri; quod sane, prout debeo, fero molestissime. Habuit etiam illa aliquot chartas De- fensionis Gallicæ; quam si statim prælo subjiciat, libenter, uti promisi, operis typographicis opem feram. Vide tantum ut reliqua ocyus mittantur. Quia au- tem Ff
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EPISTLE. EPISTLE CCXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. Indeed copies of your Defence have arrived, but not yours, which are nowhere to be seen. What is this, you will ask? You shall soon know, and also what I have done in your cause, whether well or ill, as it may seem to you. As soon as I heard on the Via Jacobaea that new books from Batavia were being offered for sale, I rushed there in my usual manner. Entering one shop, then two, then three, and still more, I inquired about your Book, which I found. I asked Petit and others how many they should give me in your name—whether fifty, according to your earlier letters, or only twenty, according to the later ones. He denied it, and the others denied as well, that they would give me anything at all unless at my own expense; nor had they received any orders from anyone by which they were to give me anything. What was I to do? Not long before I had said that I was expecting your copies, and that I would distribute them to this person and that; now indeed they will complain that they have been deceived. “At my own risk,” I said, “I will vindicate both my own credit and Salmasius’s.” So I received from Petit nine of the larger paper and twelve of the smaller, that is, twenty copies and one; and by my written obligation I guaranteed that I would pay for them out of my own pocket, unless you or Elzevir satisfied him. I thought I owed you this service; and I believed that this had happened through the neglect or carelessness of the Elzevirs. But you must see how you are to strike out that name of yours, or mine. Certainly, if I had waited for your reply, the opportunity of giving them to the great men and friends would have been lost. I therefore preferred to take the risk of this whatever loss it may be, rather than wait three weeks while I wrote and you replied. I have filled your little list, and everything here has been given away or sent elsewhere. Because Petit could not supply everything in folio, I was forced to take some in duodecimo. Write therefore so that my guarantee may be returned to me; and if you have any other things intended for friends, see that they are put together in one packet, to be handed back to me or to another. For it is a miserable business to contend with those people, so that they do not return what is theirs. As for Vignerius’s inquiries, it shall be done as you wish, and when you wish, indeed even after your return from Sweden. Farewell, and love me. Paris, February 26. 1659. EPISTLE CCXXVII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. We have received nothing from you by your last courier. But from your wife’s letter to the widow Putcana, we learned that you are still afflicted with gout; which I certainly, as I ought, bear very painfully. She also had a few sheets of the French Defence; and if she will send it to press at once, I shall gladly, as I promised, assist with the work of printing. Only see that the rest are sent quickly. But because Ff
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Bataverum. TErgo habemus reum fatentem. Sive enim tempori servias, sive causæ, nobis perinde est. Atqui dicebatur antea te , qui ne ipsi quidem Iovi, Termini in modum, cederet. Præterea credo non licere Advocato vel Regio, in causa domini sui, aliter dicere publice, quam privatim loquatur & sentiat: quemadmodum non sunt diversæ leges, quibus domi uti- mur, ab illis juxta quas in foro placita decernuntur. At scripsisti inquis, ex imperio. Ergo potest tibi imperari, ut sententiam mutes? Epicetus tamen tuus docet hoc esse , idque ita esse in potestate nostra, ut invitis non eri- piatur. Sed hæc ingrata omitto. Serio hic inchoata est editio Gallica forma quam dicunt quartam, characteribus elegantibus: modo pergas mittere ver- sionem tuam, statim negotium finem accipiet. Scripsi viduæ Puteanæ ut spe- cimen suæ editionis tibi mitteret. Suedici itineris consilium bene est quod non deseris: & digna est Magna Christina, quæ ex ultimis orbis finibus invisatur. Menagius eam nuper compellavit & laudavit in Præfatione Carminum Latino- rum Balzacii, quæ isti Heroinæ dedicavit. Ita literarum quidquid est, eo jam volat, & pacis egregiæ artes, belli præclaris facinoribus succedunt. Post- quam vero istam frigidiorum & obscuriorem plagam præsentia tua accenderis & il-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Bataverum. So we have a confessed defendant. For whether you serve the times or the cause, it is all one to us. Yet you were formerly said to be someone who would not yield even to Jupiter himself, in the manner of Terminus. Moreover, I believe it is not permitted for an advocate or royal counselor, in his master’s cause, to speak publicly otherwise than he speaks and thinks in private; just as there are not different laws by which we govern ourselves at home from those according to which suits are decided in the forum. But you wrote, you say, under orders. So can you be ordered to change your opinion? Yet your Epictetus teaches that this is so, and that it is within our power in such a way that it cannot be taken away against our will. But I omit these unpleasant matters. Seriously, a French edition has now been begun in the format they call the fourth, in elegant characters: just go on sending your version, and the business will at once be brought to an end. I wrote to the widow Puteanus asking her to send you a specimen of her edition. Your plan for the Swedish journey is good; do not abandon it: and great Christina is worthy of being visited from the farthest ends of the earth. Ménage recently addressed and praised her in the Preface to the Latin Poems of Balzac, which he dedicated to that heroine. Thus whatever there is of letters now flies there, and the splendid arts of peace succeed to the glorious feats of war. After you have warmed that colder and darker region by your presence, and it-
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EPISTOLA. 227 & illustraveris, nihil ejus gloriæ deerit; nec quisquam non sibi gloriosum ducet, per tua incedere vestigia, quanquam nequeat assequi. Sed si cessisti Regi imperanti, noli cedere Reginæ roganti ut apud se hiemem transigas, nisi velis æternum ibi manere. Vereor enim, mi Salmasi, ne sævi aëris inclementia corpusculum tuum affligat & perdat. Itaque citius discede, ut citius etiam revertaris. DEUS iter secundet. Vale & me vel sub axe Arctico ama. Lutetiæ Parisior. XII. Martii. C13 IC L. EPISTOLA CCXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. Atis prævideram, quæ tua est fides &c generositas, me extra omnem futurum esse aleam, accipiendo a Petito promissa exemplaria & ea amicis in laterculo comprehensis distribuendo. Omne id incuria typographorum factum esse arbitror, potius quam malo animo. Scripserunt enim nuper Petito, ut mihi daret viginti exempla majoris formæ. Ille vero ut nuper scribebam, quod olim non potuit ne nunc quidem possit, divenditis illis majoribus. Itaque satis erit, mihi syngrapham meam restituat; quod nondum fecit, sed facturum esse dixit meo amanuensi, quem ad eum istam ob rem miseram. Tuum erit cum Elzevirio inire rationes; quibus tibi novem tantum majora & duodecim minora imputabit. Editio Gallica commode procedit: sed quia volunt eam, quantum possunt, maturare, deinceps acceptis tertio & quarto capitibus, pollicentur singulis diebus binas chartas: quod si præstiterint paulo post Paschales ferias opus erit absolutum. Constabit octoginta aut circiter foliis. Proximus tuus in Suediam discessus facit ut te meis verbis roget Balzacius, nisi adhuc aceperis fasciculum in quo habentur ejus varia opuscula Gallica istic edenda, cures te licet absente, cum aperiri & typographo, cujus ea res est, tradi. Præterea scire desiderat, num acceperis chartæ puræ sive albæ grandiusculum quem tibi dono misit. Blondellus etiam noster, cujus hic habes literas, auctor mihi est ad te scribendi, num pati velis itineris comitem virum bonum, qui etiam in Suediam cogitat; nullo modo tibi oneri futurum. Respondi, si solus eas, non ingratum forsan tibi fore ejus contubernium: sed si uxorem & familiam tecum ducas, quod potius existimo, me non credere hoc posse fieri sine magno tuo incommodo. Tu vero vel illi vel mihi scribes, quod præterea eum scire oportet. Penes me est grandis Bocharti nostri Epistola, super Anglicana anni proxime præteriti Tragædia. Jus regium it stabilitum maxime ex Sacra Scriptura, & a nostris suspicionem amolitur, qua nonnulli eos infamant. Nisi Morleyus Regis Sacellanus, cui inscripta est, ejus editionem procuret; hoc alii præstabunt: iniquum enim esset adeo pium & nobilem foetum premi & suffocari. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisior. XIX. Martii. C13 IC L. Ff 2 EPI-
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EPISTLE 227 and if you have illustrated it, nothing of its glory will be lacking; nor will anyone not count it a glorious thing to tread in your footsteps, though he may be unable to follow. But if you have yielded to the King commanding, do not yield to the Queen asking that you spend the winter with her, unless you wish to remain there forever. For I fear, my Salmasius, lest the severity of the air injure and destroy your little body. Therefore depart the sooner, so that you may also return the sooner. May God prosper your journey. Farewell, and love me even beneath the Arctic pole. Paris, 12 March, 1649. EPISTLE CCXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. I had fully foreseen that, such is your faithfulness and generosity, I should be outside all risk, by receiving from Petit the promised copies and distributing them to the friends included in the list. I judge that all this happened through the negligence of the printers rather than through ill will. For they recently wrote to Petit that he should give me twenty copies of the larger format. He, however, as I was recently writing, says that, since he could not do so before, he cannot do so even now, the larger ones being sold off. So it will be enough if he returns my promissory note; he has not yet done so, but he said he would do it to my copyist, whom I sent to him for that purpose. It will be your part to settle accounts with Elzevir; from whom he will charge you only nine large copies and twelve small ones. The French edition is proceeding conveniently; but because they want to hasten it as much as they can, after receiving the third and fourth chapters they promise two sheets each day: if they do so, the work will be finished shortly after the Easter holidays. It will amount to eighty folios or thereabouts. Your next departure for Sweden has led Balzac to ask through me that, unless you have already received the packet containing his various French works to be published there, you take care, even in your absence, that it be opened and handed over to the printer who is responsible for that matter. Moreover, he wishes to know whether you have received the rather large packet of white or blank paper which he sent you as a gift. Our Blondel too, whose letter you have here, urges me to write to you and ask whether you would allow a good man, who is also thinking of going to Sweden, to accompany you on the journey; one who would in no way be a burden to you. I replied that, if you go alone, his company might perhaps not be unwelcome to you; but if you take your wife and family with you, as I rather think you will, I do not believe this could be done without great inconvenience to you. But you will write either to him or to me, whatever else he ought to know. In my possession is a long letter of our Bochart, concerning the English tragedy of last year. The royal prerogative is shown to be most firmly established from Sacred Scripture, and it removes from our men the suspicion by which some slander them. Unless Morley, the King’s chaplain, to whom it is addressed, secures its publication; others will do so: for it would be unjust for so pious and noble a offspring to be suppressed and stifled. Farewell, and love me. Paris, 19 March, 1649. Ff 2 EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Isaac Vossio. Holmiam. PRidem accepi humanissimas literas tuas, ultima Decembris, & duodecima Junuarii, Holmia ad me datas. Mentiar autem ni statim dixero me vix unquam majori perfusum esse lætitia. Unde ergo factum inquies, ut tamdiu nihil responderis? Serio pudet Mi Vossi: sed audi caussam cessationis meæ, coram quolibet judice justam & legitimam. Nolebam scilicet manibus vacuis me tibi sistere: & per pigerrimum scribam stabat, ne possem promissum codicem exhibere. Quoties ad eum scriplerim, miserim, iverim; quoties me inani spe deluserit, induxerit, totolque quatuor menses frustratus sit: quoties ne mihi occurreret latuerit, dicere nihil attinet, nisi quod id te scire oportet, ut mihi apud te constet officii ratio. Sed tandem aliquando absolutum opus hic habes, quod utinam Christinæ placeat. Ad exemplar regium a me recensitum est, contralegente Bullialdo nostro, hujusmodi rerum uti & aliarum multarum, peritissimo. Aliquot locos ausi sumus in ora libri leviter tangere, ita tamen ut primæva manus in ipso textu illibata maneret. Ubicumque deficiente scriptura ductæ sunt lineæ, scias in exemplari lacunam esse; quam nisi ex alio codice implere insignis fuisset temeritatis: alium autem; non habemus. Extant, quod scire cupit Serenissima ac Potentissima Regina, in Regis Christianissimi Bibliotheca, Commentarii Procli in Alcibiadem & Parmenidem Platonis, cum aliis plurimis ejusdem auctoris, quorum Indicem hisce adjungam, cum numeris sub quibus habentur, ut facilius inveniantur. Per Amplissimorum Fratrum Puteanorum prolixam & obviam humanitatem, omnibus ad eam patet aditus: nec verendum est ne sapientissimæ ac vere incomparabili Dominæ tuæ quidquam denegetur. Veniat ergo ocyus ille Upsaliensis descriptor, qui opes nostras vobiscum communicet. Habentur etiam in Bibliotheca Thuana, & in Puteana Procli edita multa, quorum etiam Catalogum addam, ut si ea desideratis, ea quærere & nancisci possitis. Hic omnem operam meam vobis addico, ut voti compotes fratis: Et si quid negligentia peccatum est, cujus velim me credas insontem, id diligentia non vulgari sarcietur. Inerat autem prioribus literis tuis aureum numisma, Christinæ Minervæ mirabilem vultum referens; pro quo quas debeo magnas habeo & ago gratias. Sed quare non scripsisti num a te illud habeam, num vero a liberalissima Domina tua? Scio illud vel a temissum, impensius gratum esse debuisse, & sane gratissimum est & fuit: sed si ab incomparabili Heroina mihi destinatum est, non dubitas longe maximum ejus pretium apud me esse futurum. Apud me servatur qua par est observantia, & reverentia. Ostento regium vultum eum intueri cupientibus: & quis non cupiat cognoscere ævi nostri maximum miraculum, ejusque faciem conspiceret? Undique sane in ædes meas factus est concursus, ut videretur; & ab illo
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CL. SARRAVIUS Isaac Vossio. Holmia. I received your most kind letters long ago, dated the last of December and the twelfth of January, sent to me from Stockholm. But I would be lying if I did not say at once that I have scarcely ever been overwhelmed with greater joy. Whence then, you will ask, has it come that you have answered nothing for so long? I am truly ashamed, my dear Vossius; but hear the cause of my delay, just and legitimate in the eyes of any judge whatsoever. I did not wish, namely, to present myself to you with empty hands; and it was entirely the fault of a most sluggish copyist that I could not produce the promised volume. How often I wrote to him, sent to him, went to him; how often he deceived me with vain hopes, led me on, and kept me frustrated for a full four months; how often he hid himself so as not to meet me—there is no need to say, except that you ought to know it, so that my duty to you may be clear. But at last you now have the finished work here, which I only wish would please Christina. It has been collated by me against the royal exemplar, with our Bullialdus as a second reader, a man most skilled in matters of this kind and in many others as well. We have ventured lightly to touch a few places in the margin of the book, yet in such a way that the original hand remains unharmed in the text itself. Wherever the writing failed, lines have been drawn; you should know that there is a gap in the exemplar, which it would have been a remarkable rashness to fill unless from another manuscript. But we do not have another. There are, which the Most Serene and Most Powerful Queen wishes to know, in the library of the Most Christian King, Proclus’ Commentaries on Plato’s Alcibiades and Parmenides, along with many other works of the same author, of which I shall add a list here, with the numbers under which they are kept, so that they may be more easily found. Through the lengthy and open-handed kindness of the very distinguished brothers Puteani, access to all of them is open: nor need it be feared that anything will be denied to your most wise and truly incomparable Lady. Let that Uppsala copyist therefore come quickly, to share our resources with you. There are also in the Thuana Library and in the Puteana many published works of Proclus, of which I shall also add a catalogue, so that if you desire them you may be able to search for and obtain them. Here I devote all my efforts to you, so that you may attain your wishes. And if anything has been amiss through negligence, of which I would wish you to believe me innocent, it shall be made up by no ordinary diligence. But in your earlier letters there was enclosed a gold medal, bearing the wonderful likeness of Christina Minerva; for which I owe and render many thanks. But why did you not write whether I had it from you, or rather from your most generous Lady? I know that it ought to have been especially dear whether I received it from her or from you, and indeed it is and has been most dear; but if it was sent to me by the incomparable heroine, you do not doubt that its value in my eyes will be far greater. It is preserved by me with due observance and reverence. I show the royal countenance to those who wish to behold it: and who would not wish to know the greatest wonder of our age, and gaze upon her face? Indeed, from every side there has been a gathering at my house to see it; and from that one
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EPISTOLÆ 119 illo Sole factæ sunt illustriores. Expressit divina hæc facies a me aliquot disticha; quæ vide an huic chartæ illini digna. Jamblichum autem, quem jam mitto, offer quæso meo nomine cum humillimi & addictissimi cultus & obsequii devo- tione Ter maximæ Dominæ tuæ, vel d[omi]n[us] por[isma], si a te mihi nummus venit, vel quod malim, arid[us] por[isma], si illa me benigna sua munificentia occupavit. Tuas ad Bochartum sedulo & tuto curavi: & puto jam rescripserit, alia via quam mea usus. Ejus liber De Animalibus Biblicis absolutus est, & brevi typographo tradetur. Non difficulter autem ab eo quod volebas impetravi, ut eum inscri- beret Serenissimæ Reginæ; quæ sane sola digna est hujusmodi opera tractare & tueri; nec etiam hoc opus ejus regiis manibus & studiis indignum est. Urgeo quantum possum, editionem; nec despero eam a viro quamvis modestissimo brevi extorquere. Idem scripsit nuper a quodam Regis Angliæ Sacellano in- terpellatus, grandem epistolam præcipue De Jure regio, quod ex sacra præser- tim scriptura asserit fortiter, & pro meritis commendat. Auctor ei sui ut eam edat in lucem. Nostra enim interest hujusmodi scriptiones publicari, ut vi- deant, qui nos quasi Regiæ, dominationis adversarios traducunt, quomodo no- strarum partium doctissimi jus Monarchicum defendant & ament. Blondellum vero quod attinet, pauca habeo quæ scribam; nisi quod totus jam est itineris Ba- tavici. Amstelodamum enim vocatus ut locum parentis tui im- mortali vita dignissimi, a te recusatum, impleret, conditionem accepit; & eo DEO volente, proximo Junio ibit. Sarcinas ergo colligit, & Bata- viam tantum cogitat. Cum eo sæpius egi De Critici sacri editione: nec re- nuit vir optimus & doctissimus utilissimum Ecclesiæ opus posteri tradere. Sed aliis minoribus distractus dum amicis morem gerit, ei totum tempus perit. Hoc autem ei consilium dedi ut inde Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ professionem auspi- cetur: & vice Apparatus genuinos sacros a supposititiis discernat. Faciam in- quit, si Urbis Consules in quorum potestate sum futurus, aliud mihi pensum non imperaverint. Immo vero dixi, Debes cum privatorum studiorum tuo- rum, tum lectionum publicarum Dominus esse, nec ab aliis pendere, modo in ornanda Sparta tua labores Vide ergo tu, qui apud illos plurimum potes, ut quod cupis ipsi mandetur. Criticæ Cappelli editionem credo ante Pascha ab- solutum iri. Opus est improbi laboris, nec vulgaris industriæ. Qui literas Hebraicas amant in eo habebunt unde sitim levent: æmuli vero jam allatrant, vel priusquam sciant quid in eo contineatur. Ab ejus quippe doctrina, so- brie, caste, & pie utentibus, nihil est metuendum: sed malis animis nec optima placent. Quantum tibi ego & Dallæus debeamus fidem facit editio li- bri De Pænis et Satisfactionibus Humanis, qua sine te non frueremur. Con- valescit jam vir maximus a gravissimo morbo, quo poene perit. Habet parata multa, quæ Blawio edenda statim si velit dabit. Nostrates enim Gallica tantum excudere amant. Vale. Lutet. Paris. xxvi. Martii 1616 L. F[undani] f[undani] CAR.
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EPISTLE 119 By that Sun those things were made more illustrious. This divine countenance has drawn from me a few distichs, which see whether they are worthy to be pasted onto this sheet. As for Jamblichus, whom I now send, I beg you to offer it in my name to your Most Excellent Lady, with the devotion of the humblest and most devoted respect and service, either as “Lord porisma,” if a coin comes to me from you, or, what I would prefer, as “dry porisma,” if she has already occupied me with her gracious munificence. I have taken care to send your letters safely and diligently to Bochart; and I think he has now replied, by another route than mine. His book De Animalibus Biblicis is finished, and will soon be handed over to the printer. I have had no difficulty in obtaining from him what you wanted, namely that he should inscribe it to the Most Serene Queen; who indeed alone is worthy to handle and protect works of this kind, nor is this work unworthy of her royal hands and studies. I press on the publication as much as I can, and I do not despair of wresting it soon from the very modest man. The same writer recently reported that, having been approached by a chaplain of the King of England, he has written a lengthy letter chiefly De Jure regio , which he strongly supports, especially from Holy Scripture, and recommends according to its merits. He is urged to publish it. For it is in our interest that writings of this sort be made public, so that those who disparage us as adversaries of royal power and dominion may see how the most learned men of our party defend and love monarchical right. As for Blondel, I have little to write, except that he is now wholly occupied with the journey to Holland. For, having been called to Amsterdam to take the place of your parent, most worthy of immortal life, which had been declined by you, he accepted the position; and, God willing, he will go next June. So he is packing his belongings and thinking only of Holland. I have spoken with him often about publishing the Critici Sacri ; nor does that excellent and most learned man refuse to hand down to posterity a work most useful to the Church. But while he is distracted by lesser matters and complying with friends, all his time is lost. I advised him, however, to begin from that the profession of Ecclesiastical History, and in place of an Appendix, to distinguish genuine sacred works from spurious ones. “I shall do so,” he says, “if the magistrates of the city, in whose power I shall be, do not assign me another task.” Indeed I said, “You ought to be master both of your private studies and of your public lectures, and not depend on others, provided that you labor in adorning your own Sparta. See, then, you who have much influence with them, that what you desire is actually entrusted to them.” I believe the edition of Cappellus’s Critica will be completed before Easter. It is a work of severe labor and no ordinary diligence. Those who love Hebrew letters will find in it wherewith to quench their thirst; but the emulators are already barking, even before they know what it contains. For from his teaching, when used soberly, chastely, and piously, there is nothing to fear; but to evil minds even the best things are displeasing. How much I and Dallaeus owe you is shown by the publication of the book De Pænis et Satisfactionibus Humanis , which without you we should not enjoy. The great man is now recovering from a very serious illness, from which he nearly died. He has many things ready, which he will give at once to Blavius to publish, if he wishes. For our people love to print only in French. Farewell. Paris, 26 March 1616. L. F[undani] f[undani] CAR.
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CARMINA IN NUMMUM SERENISSIMÆ CHRISTINÆ SUEDORUM REGINÆ. In cujus antica parte est PALLAS galeata oliva ramum aspectans: In postica SOL. Atica falsa fuit, sed vera hæc Arctica PALLAS; Dicere me verum, SOL mihi testis adest. Si coluisse voles Phæbum & coluisse Minervam, Tu cole CHRISTINAM, Numen utrumque coles. Objectam PALLAS galeata aspectat olivam: Elige seu pacem, seu magis arma velis. Imperio digna hæc facies armata MINERVÆ, Solis ab Eoo cardine ad Hesperium. Sol radios expande tuos, Ecce amula terris CHRISTINA affulget lumine inocciduo. Attica quæ quondam fuerat, nunc Arctica PALLAS Dat sua, dat Phæbi plenissima munera terris. EPI-
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Verses on the coin of the most serene Christina, Queen of the Swedes. On whose obverse is Pallas helmeted, gazing at an olive branch; On the reverse, the Sun. The Attic Pallas was false, but this Arctic Pallas is true; The Sun is here to witness that I speak the truth. If you wish to honor Phoebus and to honor Minerva, Honor Christina; you will honor both deities. Pallas, helmeted, looks upon the offered olive branch: Choose either peace, or, if you prefer, war. This armed face of Minerva is worthy of empire, From the eastern boundary of the Sun to the western. Sun, spread abroad your rays: behold, your rival upon earth, Christina shines with a never-setting light. What once was Attic Pallas, now this Arctic Pallas Gives to the earth her gifts, most fully, the gifts of Phoebus. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 231 EPISTOLA CCXXXI. CL. SARRAVIUS Isaaco Vossio. Holmiam. ANTE mensem prolixe scripsi, cum mitterem ad vere incomparabilem Reginam dudum promissum Iamblichum Græce descriptum; quem opto in regias dignissimas manus devenisse & placuisse. Jam vero tantum scribo, ut hasce summi viri & amici Bocharti, ad te allegem. Me auctore aggreditur Bullialduslibro commentario ornare missum Iamblichum: quia certiorem eum feci, fore id gratissimum sapientissimæ vestræ Heroinæ. Non indiligenter enim aliquando versatus est in hujusmodi Platicorum scriptis; nec dubito eum posse ponu[n]des aliquid dare. Vale & me amare perge: & apud magnam Christinam commenda, tanquam ejus virtutibus, Regiæque dignitati addictissimum Lutetiæ. Parisior. XXII. Aprilis. 1515. EPISTOLA CCXXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lusgdnum Bataverum. REcepi a Petito quam ei tradideram cautionem, & apocham dedi ab eo ac- ceptorum exemplarium, ut cum Elzevirio possit suas expedire rationes, & tu quoque cum illo. Si libeat mittere Latinam Præfationem, quæ in editionibus hactenus factis desideratur, commode addi poterit editioni, quæ in quarto hic edita est, & totam, quanta quanta est, reliquit Vvlacus ad quem pertinet, viduæ Puteanæ, ut eam cum Gallica versione, quæ satis diligenter excuditur, distrahat. Quotidie una charta conficitur, & duas promittit typographus statim atque alium librum, qui dudum sub ejus prælo sudat, absolverit, idque proxima septimana factum iri non vana spes est. Cæterum gavisus sum cum vidi te in Gallica versione sustulisse, quæ in Latina editione capitetertio dixeras ad locum Ambrosii, De remissione peccatorum, quasi locum non habuerit sub Veteri Testamento, quemadmodum habet sub Novo. Hæc enim doctrina offensionis justam præbebat materiam: & vel ex ipsis Davidis verbis Psalmi XXXI. Beati quorum remissæ sunt iniquitates: quibus usus est Paulus ad Rom. cap. IV. contrarium clare evincitur. Soror uxoris tuæ mecum communicavit consilium Suedicæ tecum profectionis; & auctor sui ut tibi morem gereret. Alii fortiter obnituntur, nescio quam ob causam; mihique succensent, quod suis votis non faveam. Faciet illa & decernet pro suo arbitrio. Ego qui rebus nostris bene ominari non possum, gratulor omnibus, qui hinc discedendi ho- nestam habent occasionem. Utinam fallar opinionis, & bene omnia ex DEI constanti erga nos indulgentia succedant. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. XXVI. Martii. 1515. 1515. 1515. 1515. 1515. 1515. 1515. 1515. EPI-
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EPISTLES. 231 EPISTLE CCXXXI. CL. SARRAVIUS To Isaac Vossius. At Stockholm. A month ago I wrote at length, when I sent to the truly incomparable Queen the long-promised Iamblichus, copied in Greek; which I hope has reached your most royal and most worthy hands and has pleased you. Now I write only so as to commend to you these letters of the great man and my friend Bochart. At my urging Bullialdus is undertaking to adorn the sent Iamblichus with a commentary in a book: because I informed him that this would be most welcome to your most wise Heroinæ. For he has at one time or another not inattentively dealt with writings of this sort of Platonists; nor do I doubt that he can contribute something ponu[n]des . Farewell, and continue to love me; and commend me to great Christina, as one devoted to her virtues and royal dignity, from Paris. XXII. April. 1515. EPISTLE CCXXXII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudius Salmasius. At Leiden in Holland. I received from Petit the bond I had handed over to him, and I gave him a receipt for the copies received, so that he may settle his accounts with Elzevirius, and you too with him. If you wish to send the Latin Preface, which is missing in the editions hitherto made, it can conveniently be added to the edition which has been published here in quarto, and which Vvlacus, to whom it belongs, has left entire to the widow Puteana, so that she may sell it together with the French translation, which is being printed quite carefully. One sheet is being completed each day, and the printer promises two as soon as he has finished another book that has long been sweating under his press; and there is a not unfounded hope that this will be done next week. Moreover, I was glad when I saw that you had removed in the French translation what you had said in the Latin edition in the third chapter, at the passage of Ambrose, De remissione peccatorum, as though the passage had had no place under the Old Testament, whereas it has under the New. For this doctrine provided just cause for offense; and from the very words of David in Psalm XXXI, “Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven,” words which Paul used in Romans chapter IV, the contrary is clearly proved. The sister of your wife communicated to me the plan of your journey to Sweden; and was the instigator on her own behalf that she might accommodate you. Others strongly oppose it, I know not for what reason; and they are angry with me because I do not favor their wishes. She will do it and decide according to her own judgment. For my part, since I cannot foretell good things for our affairs, I congratulate all who have an honorable opportunity to depart from here. Would that I may be mistaken in my opinion, and that all things may turn out well through God’s constant indulgence toward us. Farewell and continue to love me. From Paris. XXVI. March. 1515. 1515. 1515. 1515. 1515. 1515. 1515. 1515. EPI-
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CL SARRAVI I EPISTOLA CCXXXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. Graviter ut semper, postrema tua dogmata defendis, damnatis prioribus. Ego pauca reponam, nec enim mea res est aut admodum dissentimus. Mutatio sententiæ, pro variis causarum figuris, nolo esse crimen; imo ne qui- dem delictum. Sed in uno eodemque argumento, modo Episcopos reos per- agere violati in eum modum Ecclesiastici Regiminis, ut nullo modo tolerari aut emendari possint, quin potius debeant solio deturbari; modo eos tantum in ordinem cogere, & damnare & quidem verbis atrocibus eos a quibus prior sententia executioni mandata est, saltem inconstantiæ notam non possit effugere. Hæc dico, eo tamen animo ut existimem in Regno & statu Monarchico me- lius convenire regimen Episcoporum, quam Presbyteriorum. Oportet scili- cet quantum fieri potest Ecclesiastica temperare sæcularium in modum; quam- vis in nostra Gallia, Reformatos quod spectat, aliter sit constitutum, nec ma- le nobis succedat. Et hæc hactenus. Quicquid delicatulos nostros suggilles, mallent adscripsisses lemmata singulis Defensionis capitibus. Quid agas? ita vivitur. Quidni ergo quod consulto in editione Latina omisisti, in Gallica mutes & addas? Vel ergo ea mitte quæ in libri initio aut fine apponantur, vel patere æquo animo ea ab alio concinnari. Pergitur alacriter in typographio, sed facit character crassior, ut in molem ampliorem crescat liber. Appingent miseri Regis effigiem: volebant & tuam, hujusque ego auctor essem. Dixi me ea de re ad te relaturum. Dic ergo quid facto opus sit. Ego ita sentio, cum omnes sciant opus tuum esse, nihil vetare quin iconi Regiæ tua quoque addatur. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Paris. 11. Aprilis. CIC ICCL. EPISTOLA CCXXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Ludunum Batavorum. Scripseram de libris & chartis Balzacii, aliisque, de quibus responsionem tuam expectabam. Sed de iis in tuis ide; sicuti neque de quæsitis olim Oratoriani presbyteri. Hæc omnia apud te oblivionis velo tecta sunt, & , quando ita vis, sunto. Elzevirii futuri sunt tui amplius nec ne, parum mea refert: sed quantum possum amicorum culpas elevo, nisi de malo animo mihi constet. De presbyterianis nihil omnino loquutus fueram. Tu vero acriter in eos insurgis, & duriora polliceris. Indulge quantumlibet tuis affectibus: aliis mitior placet sententia. Si aliqui tuam erga illos laudant moderationem: aliqui etiam atrocitatem tuam culpant, nec facile est aut necesse horum aut illorum inire numerum, ut constet qui pluribus suffragiis sint potiores. Bo- charti
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CL SARRAVI I LETTER CCXXXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Leiden. You defend your latest doctrines as vigorously as ever, condemning the earlier ones. I shall make a few remarks in reply; for the matter does not concern me, nor do we differ very greatly. A change of opinion, according to the various circumstances of a case, I do not wish to count as a crime; indeed, not even as an offense. But in one and the same argument, now to pursue bishops as guilty of having violated ecclesiastical government in such a way that they can by no means be tolerated or corrected, but rather ought to be dethroned; now only to reduce them to order and condemn them, and that too in harsh words: from those by whom the earlier sentence was carried into execution, at least the stain of inconsistency cannot escape. This I say, however, with this intent: that I think that in a kingdom and under a monarchical state the government of bishops is more suitable than that of presbyters. Of course, ecclesiastical matters must be tempered as much as possible in the manner of secular affairs; although in our France, as far as the Reformed are concerned, the matter is otherwise settled, and it does not turn out badly for us. And so much for that. Whatever reproaches you may cast upon our delicate friends, they would prefer that you had written headings for the individual chapters of the Defense. What are you to do? So the world goes. Why then not alter and add in the French edition what you deliberately omitted in the Latin edition? Either send those things which are to be placed at the beginning or end of the book, or else calmly allow someone else to compose them. The printing is proceeding briskly, but the type is made heavier, so that the book may grow to a larger bulk. They will add the poor king’s image; they wanted yours too, and I myself would have been the one to arrange it. I said that I would report this matter to you. Say, then, what must be done. My own view is that, since everyone knows the work is yours, nothing prevents your portrait being added to the king’s image as well. Farewell, and continue to love me. Paris, 11 April 1650. LETTER CCXXXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claude Salmasius. Leiden. I had written about Balzac’s books and papers, and other matters concerning which I was expecting your reply. But in your letter there is nothing about them; nor, likewise, about the questions once asked concerning the Oratorian priest. All these things have been covered over in your case by the veil of forgetfulness, and, since that is your wish, so be it. Whether the Elzeviers will hereafter be yours more fully or not, matters little to me; but as far as I can, I excuse my friends’ faults, unless I am convinced of ill will. I had said nothing at all about the Presbyterians. Yet you attack them sharply, and promise even harsher things. Indulge your feelings as much as you like: others prefer a milder opinion. If some praise your moderation toward them, others also blame your severity, and it is not easy, nor necessary, to count either these or those, in order to determine which side has the greater number of votes. Bochart’s
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EPISTOLÆ. 233 charti epistola, non liber, non Apologeticus prodibit & laudabitur: & cul- pabitur etiam. Quare enim meliori fato uteretur, quam tua Defensio? Presbyterianorum multos excusat, quod facile est: non omnes ergo damnat, nec sanè necesse fuit. Præcipuus ei labor in argumentis e sacro Codice desumptis: quod magnifice exequitur, modeste tamen pro suo ingenio. Tu quia rogatus es, scripsisti: ille vero quia interrogatus est, respondit. Tu ad Regem; ille ad ejus Sacellanum. Omnino varia sunt vestra munia & officia. Tibi liberum fuit per varia argumentorum genera expatiari; illi necesse fuit ad quæsita apposite respondere. Nihil habeo quod addam. Vale ergo & me ama. Lu- tetia Parisiorum. IX. Aprilis. CIC[LO] DECL[RO] EPISTOLA CCXXXV. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Quamvis repugnare videaris, optime fecisti expungendo illam periodum tuæ Defensionis, in qua asserueras, remissionem peccatorum locum non habuisse sub Veteri Foedere. Ut enim jacet, non quæritur, quæ sit fue- ritve ea de re Patrum sententia, & an crediderint necne, se salutem consequuturos esse vi &c meritis mortis Christi: quod si ageretur facile me judice obtineres veteres illos confusse tantum , non vero distincte cognovisse venturi Messia munia, nec proinde eorum effectus aut fructus. Sed non con- cederem, quamvis remissio peccatorum minus cognita illis fuerit, idcirco eam quasi in suspenso fuisse & incertam. Nec locus Pauli ad Ebræos IX. 8. a te allatus id evincit. Dicit quidem non propalatam , quod est cognitam & publicatam Sanctorum viam: sed non inde sequitur nullam fuisse viam, quia non fuerit cognita. Quam multa enim postea revelata sunt, quæ illos fugerunt. Nec sententiam tuam juvat alter ille a te quoque allatus locus Apostoli Rom. III. 25. in quo negas hæc verba , quod est idem esse quod . Sed contra te stat accuratus Græci sermonis interpres Hesychius; qui hunc ipsum Pauli locum explicans ait, esse , remissionem vel concessionem, & quidem gratuitam. Sed te totum jam itineris non oportethisce, quanquam non contemnendis, diutius detinere. Dedicationem autem, si potes, mitte: vel Latinam editioni Vvlaki præfigendam; vel saltem brevem aliquam Gallicam editioni, quam adornamus, idoneam. Precor tibi Suedicum iter breve & prosperum. Si enim longius sit, sed nolo male ominari. Vale ergo cum tua & me vel sub plaga Hyperborea ardenter ama. Lutet. Paris. XVI. Aprilis. CIC[LO] DECL[RO] Gg EPI-
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EPISTLES. 233 a letter on paper, not a book, not an Apology, will come out and be praised; it will also be blamed. For why should it fare better than your Defense? It excuses many of the Presbyterians, which is easy enough: therefore it does not condemn them all, nor was it really necessary. Its chief labor lies in arguments drawn from the sacred Code: this it executes magnificently, yet modestly, as suits his character. You, because you were asked, wrote; he, because he was questioned, replied. You addressed the King; he, his Chaplain. Your duties and offices are altogether different. It was open to you to range through various kinds of arguments; he had to answer the questions appropriately. I have nothing to add. Farewell, then, and love me. Paris. April 9. CIC[LO] DECL[RO] EPISTLE CCXXXV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leiden. Although you seem to be resisting, you did very well in striking out that passage from your Defense in which you had asserted that remission of sins had no place under the Old Covenant. For as the passage stands, the question is not what the Fathers’ opinion was, or whether they believed or not that they would obtain salvation through the power, etc., and merits, of Christ’s death; for if that were the issue, you would easily, in my judgment, prove that those ancient writers knew only in a confused way, and not distinctly, the offices of the coming Messiah, and therefore neither his effects nor his fruits. But I would not grant that, even if the remission of sins was less well known to them, it was therefore as though it were suspended and uncertain. Nor does the passage from Paul to the Hebrews IX. 8, which you have cited, prove this. He does indeed say that it was not made manifest, that is, the way of the saints was not known and proclaimed publicly; but it does not follow from this that there was no way at all, because it was not known. For how many things were revealed later that escaped them. Nor is your opinion helped by that other passage of the Apostle, Romans III. 25, which you also cite, where you deny that these words mean the same as . But against you stands the accurate interpreter of the Greek tongue, Hesychius; who, explaining this very passage of Paul, says that it means , remission or concession, and indeed a gratuitous one. But I ought not to detain you any longer on the whole of the journey, though these matters are not to be despised. Send, if you can, the dedication: either the Latin one to be prefixed to Vvlac’s edition; or at least some brief French one suitable for the edition we are preparing. I pray that your journey to Sweden may be short and prosperous. For if it should be longer, though I do not wish to presage ill. Farewell then, with yours, and love me warmly, even from beneath the Hyperborean pole. Paris. April 16. CIC[LO] DECL[RO] Gg EPI-
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CL SARRAVI I EPISTOLA CCXXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Bene est, quod ex editione Defensionis tuæ, quam adornat Ludovicus Elzevirius, ea tollantur, quæ præbent offensionis materiam; quod eam reddet exquisitiorem. Curabo in Gallica versione transpositionem & luxationem, quam notas, restitui, quod duorum foliorum opus erit: non tanti quin melius sit tantulam jacturam facere, ut istud vulnus sanetur. Non poterit idem præstari in Latina Vvlaki, quia quotidie distrahitur. Si Morleyus Cappellanus legendam tibi tradidit Bocharti epistolam, cognoveris nihil minus simile esse tuæ Apologiæ, quam ista Epistola. Et mirum videri possit, vos idem fere argumentum prosequutos, vix unquam eadem via processisse. Episcopis, quidquid dicat is cui scripta est, minus favet ejus auctor quam ipse faveas: nec ea potest esse veracausa, quare ejus editionem procurare nolit. Sed satis est quod non intercedat. Alii forsan hoc curabunt; qui judicant post luculentam tuam messem, hoc etiam spicilegium non inutiliter legi. Cognoveris etiam quo cultu idem Bochartus te prosequatur; qui quæsiverit occasionem in Mezan Salmasium laudandi. Ita semper solet amicis quacunque ratione potest consulere, iisque benefacere: quod negligunt permulti hoc sæculo; quo nunquam vilior annona ingratorum. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetia Parisior. XXIII. Aprilis. CIC DCL. EPISTOLA CCXXXVII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum SI iratior, ut vis, scripsi, non ea est causa, quam videris anxie investigare. Nec enim Elzevirios aut Presbyterianos apud te defendere cogitavi. Aliquando forsan mutata persona, ipse id facis: eandemque operam miseris Presbyterianis præstabis, quam nuper Episcopis, olim à te profligatis, præstitisti: & semper tibi honesta & justa facti ratio constabit. Tantum querebar, quod ad minuta quædam respondere neglexisses, ad quæ nec postea respondere voluisti. Sed hæc fuerint: nec enim juvat istis minutiis immorari. Cæterum non heri aut hodie nata est quæstio De Fure ac Potestate Regum: nempe an Legibus subjiciantur, an vero illas impune calcare possint; quod postremum magnifice & fortiter defendisti. Apollonius contrariam sententiam si foveat, m[anu]randum non est in Republica, Legum causam videri potiorem, nec distitui Asse toribus. Ut enim quisquam sanæ mentis, nedum ille qui vir doctus & cordatus audit, probet quod immaniter & atrociter in Anglia superiore anno patratum est, vix credi potest. Nondum hic quidquam contra tuam Defen- sio-
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CL SARRAVI I LETTER CCXXXVI. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. It is well that, from the edition of your Defensio , which Ludovicus Elzevirius is preparing, those things are removed which furnish matter for offense; that will make it more refined. I shall see to it, in the French version, that the transposition and dislocation, which you note, be corrected; two sheets will be needed for it: not so much that it is not better to make so small a sacrifice, so that that wound may be healed. The same cannot be done in the Latin version of Vvlaki, because it is being dispersed every day. If Morley the chaplain has handed you Bochart’s letter to read, you will have learned that nothing could be less like your Apology than that letter. And it may seem surprising that, although you have pursued almost the same subject, you have scarcely ever proceeded by the same path. As for the bishops, whatever he to whom it was written may say, its author shows them less favor than you yourself do; nor can that be the true reason why he is unwilling to procure its publication. But it is enough that he does not oppose it. Others perhaps will take care of this; those who judge that, after your splendid harvest, this gleaning may also be read not uselessly. You will also learn with what courtesy the same Bochart treats you; he who sought an occasion in Mezan for praising Salmasius. Thus he is always accustomed, by whatever means he can, to help his friends and do them good: something neglected by many in this century, in which the price of ungrateful men is never lower. Farewell, and continue to love me. Lutetia Parisiorum. 23 April, 1650. LETTER CCXXXVII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. If I wrote more angrily, as you say, that is not the reason which you seem anxiously to be investigating. For I did not think of defending the Elzevirii or the Presbyterians before you. Perhaps at another time, in a changed role, you yourself do this; and you will render the same service to the wretched Presbyterians that you recently rendered to the bishops, whom you once overthrew; and the reason for the deed will always seem to you honorable and just. I was only complaining that you had neglected to reply to certain minor points, to which you were unwilling even afterward to reply. But let that be enough; for there is no use dwelling on such trifles. Moreover, the question concerning the Thief and the Power of Kings was not born yesterday or today: namely, whether they are subject to the laws, or whether they may trample on them with impunity; the latter you have magnificently and boldly defended. If Apollonius favors the contrary opinion, it must not be supposed in the Republic that the cause of the laws is the stronger, nor that their supporters are to be discouraged. For how anyone of sound mind, let alone one who is called learned and sensible, can approve what was done in England with such savagery and cruelty last year, can scarcely be believed. Here as yet nothing against your Defensio...
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EPISTOLAÆ. 235 sionem legitur, quamvis vulgo feratur plures jam calamum in te strinxisse, qui tuis velligiis insistentes dure & acerbe agunt. Quia Morleyus negat, ut scribis, editionem epistolæ Bocharti nostri, hic excudetur cum bona ejus gratia. Po- terit enim nostris jam prodesse, quod aliquando Regi Angliæ non inutile futurum agnoscit. Sed heus tu, amice, verumne est quod hic jactatur, te pro- fectionis Suedicæ consilium abjecisse? Vel quia times in Anglorum itineri tuo insidiantium classem incidere: vel quia Christina mutato animo, nullum vult amplius cum peregrinis, præcipue autem Gallis, exercere commercium. Prior causa tua est, altera vero Reginæ. Neutra autem mihi verisimilis vide- tur. Potes enim terra iter faciendo securitati tuæ consulere, quod etiam sani- tati tuæ magis conducit; & ita si qui sint, frustraberis & vitabis. Nec ea sunt negotia, quæ te in Suediam vocant, ut Regni Gotthici Magnatibus possint suspicionem facere. Quicquid sit si eo non eas, ajunt quod me so- latur, spem esse te huc venturum. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parisio- rum. xxx. Aprilis. C13 IXC L. EPISTOLA CCXXXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Basavorum. Post explicationem in postremis tuis literis allatam, facile de plurimis con- veniemus. Tecum enim sentio, rudem omnino & infirmam fuisse Pa- trum Veteris Testamenti in Messiam fidem; quæ Christum tantum existima- verit liberatorem servitutis temporalis, non autem spiritualem redemptorem suo sanguine ab æternis propter peccata poenis. Eandem quoque fuisse senten- tiam Apostolorum & primorum fidelium, post Christum natum, imo quam- diu vixit in terris, & post ejus in coelum ascensum; donec die Pentecostes misit super fideles Spiritum Sanctum, qui eis omnia revelavit juxta promissionem Christi Ioh. XIV. 26. [n]o[n] de παραίντον τὸ ποδήμα τὸ ἀγνον, &c. ἐπιμεῖν ἐμεῖν δίδαξη μὴντω. Tum demum enim Apostoli, qui antea idiotæ, Christum δεάδησμων ἐν λυτρωτῶν ἐν τω ἀιρατιν αυτῶ ignorabant, facti sunt Doctores mysteriorum fidei Christianæ; eamque Iudæis primum deinde & Gentilibus prædicarunt. Ignorata ergo fuit olim mors Christi ejusque meri- tum, & proinde remissio peccatorum quæ ab ea proveniebat. Quamvis autem ignorata fuerit, fuit tamen revera: & in vim ejus meriti, non quidem præsen- tis, sed aliquando certo futuri, Patres V. T. peccatorum, remissionem sunt consequuti. Si enim eam non sunt consequuti, ergo perpetuis cruciatibus addicti fuerunt: quod non arbitror velle te de iis dicere aut credere. Contra affers locum Pauli ad Ebr. XI. 8. ex quo a contrario sensu argumentaris & dicis. Ergo quamdiu fuit oblatio pro peccatis; non fuit remissio peccatorum. Re- spondeo. Quemadmodum istæ oblationes sacrificiorum legalium non erant iominiq[ue] per se, hoc est actu & vi sua non poterant satisfacere propeccatis, sed Gg 2 ope-
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EPISTOLAE. 235 ...is read in the edition, although it is commonly reported that several have already drawn pen against you, who, following in your footsteps, act harshly and bitterly. Since Morley, as you write, denies the publication of the letter of our Bochart, it will here be printed with his good will. For it may already be of use to our people, since he acknowledges that at some time it will not be useless to the King of England. But come now, my friend, is it true what is being bandied about here, that you have abandoned the plan of the Swedish journey? Is it because you fear falling among the fleet of those lying in wait for you on the English road; or because Christina, having changed her mind, no longer wishes to maintain any intercourse with foreigners, especially with the French? The former is your reason, the latter the Queen’s. Yet neither seems probable to me. For by traveling over land you can look to your own safety, which is also more conducive to your health; and thus, if there are any such people, you will elude and avoid them. Nor are these such affairs as would summon you to Sweden, so as to arouse suspicion among the magnates of the Gothick realm. Whatever the case, if you do not go there, they say—what comforts me—that there is hope you will come here. Farewell, and continue to love me. Paris, 30 April. C13 IXC L. EPISTOLA CCXXXVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Claudio Salmasius. Lugdunum Batavorum. After the explanation given in your latest letters, we shall easily agree about many things. For I agree with you that the Fathers of the Old Testament had a wholly rude and imperfect faith in the Messiah; one which regarded Christ only as the liberator from temporal bondage, not as the spiritual redeemer by his blood from eternal punishments on account of sins. The same, too, was the opinion of the Apostles and of the first believers after Christ was born—indeed, while he lived on earth, and after his ascension into heaven—until on the day of Pentecost he sent upon the believers the Holy Spirit, who revealed everything to them according to Christ’s promise, John XIV. 26. [n]o[n] de παραίντον τὸ ποδήμα τὸ ἀγνον, &c. ἐπιμεῖν ἐμεῖν δίδαξη μὴντω. Then at last the Apostles, who before had been unlearned, and who were ignorant of Christ as the redeemer in the …, became Teachers of the mysteries of the Christian faith; and they preached it first to the Jews and then also to the Gentiles. Therefore the death of Christ and its merit, and consequently the remission of sins flowing from it, were formerly unknown. Although it was unknown, it nevertheless truly existed; and by virtue of that merit, not indeed then present, but certainly destined to come at some time, the Fathers of the Old Testament obtained the remission of sins. For if they did not obtain it, then they were bound over to perpetual torments: which I do not think you wish either to say or to believe of them. Against this you cite the passage of Paul to the Hebrews XI. 8., from which you argue by contrary sense and say: Therefore, as long as there was an offering for sins, there was no remission of sins. I reply. Just as those offerings of the legal sacrifices were not in themselves efficacious, that is, by their own act and force they could not satisfy for sins, but Gg 2 ope-
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CL. SARRAVIUS operabantur tamen in vim cruenti Christi sacrificii aliquando futuri, ita actu non fuisse istis Patribus indultam remissionem peccatorum; quia revera non- dum solutum erat pretium redemptionis. Verumtamen agnus ille, qui tollit peccata mundi, immolatus καινος καλαβολης κόσμος Apoc. XIII. 8. ab eo tem- pore exeruit tuam efficaciam. ἰσοῦς χειρίς χθείς [ν]η σίμενον [ν]οι αυτὸς [ν]η εἰς τὰς αἰῶνας. Sed inutile videatur, postquam offensionis causam removisti, amplius ea de re verba facere. De tua in Septentrionem profectione quia files, per- gam quærere an verus sit rumor, qui percrebuit, te consilium eo eundi deposuisse; quod sane factum nolim. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. VIII. Maji. CIC. IXC L. EPISTOLA CCXXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Quod iterum neque tu neque uxor ullas cuiquam scribatis, secius aliquid nos cogit suspicari. Tempus sane podagricis iniquius fuit: quod ipse quo- que aliquot dies sum expertus; sed statim convalui. Interea scias oportet Ver- sionis Gallicæ chartas, quas habuimus, esse fere absolutas: & cessabunt operæ, nisi eas, quæ desiderantur proximus nuncius attulerit. Optant omnes perio- cham capitum. Vide ergo num hæc a me concinnata, fidelis sit: & vel aliam mitte, vel patere hanc apponi. Hodie incidi in locum Senecæ epist. LIII. quem tecum communicabo: ut scilicet podagra aliquod a te accipiat beneficium pro omnibus illis, quibus te vexat cruciatibus. Dubio & incipiente morbo quæritur nomen: Qui talaria coepit intendere & utrosque pedes dextros fecit, necesse est podagram fateri Quid sit talaria intendere scio: quid utrosque pedes dextros facere nescio, & tamen podagram dudum fateor. Scilicet ignarus podager a doctissimo podagro hujus loci verum intellectum scire velit. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. xv. Maji, poene fatali ante XL. annos huic Urbi & Regno die. CIC. IXC L. EPISTOLA CCXL. CL. SARRAVIUS Isaaco Vossio. Holmiam. UT respondeam tuis, quas jam, sine die & consule, accipio literis, hoc primum dicam, Mi Vossi, frustra te esse cum vereris ne tui aliquando non meminerim. Ingratissimus enim sim quotquot vivunt mortalium, nisi quamdiu spiritus hos reget artus, omnem tibi placendi & inferviendi sedulo captem occasionem. Sed jam ut puto acceperis diutius quam par erat, fateor sed causam dixi, expectatum fasciculum, in quo Iamblichus cum aliquot aliis chartis quæ Serenissimæ Reginæ non displicuerint. Unde hunc præcipue fru- ctum
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CL. SARRAVIUS however, they were working with a view to the force of the bloody sacrifice of Christ, which was to come only later, so that in fact remission of sins had not yet been granted to those Fathers; because the price of redemption had indeed not yet been paid. Nevertheless, that Lamb who takes away the sins of the world, slain, καινος καλαβολης κόσμος Apoc. XIII. 8. from that time exercised your efficacy. ἰσοῦς χειρίς χθείς [ν]η σίμενον [ν]οι αυτὸς [ν]η εἰς τὰς αἰῶνας. But it may seem pointless, now that you have removed the cause of offense, to speak further on that matter. As to your departure for the North, since you are silent, I shall go on inquiring whether the rumor that has spread widely is true, namely that you have given up the plan of going there; which, indeed, I should not wish to have happened. Farewell, and continue to love me. From Paris. 8 May. CIC. IXC L. EPISTLE CCXXXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leyden. The fact that neither you nor your wife write anything to anyone again makes us suspect something else. Truly the weather has been harder on those with gout; I myself have experienced it for a few days too, but I recovered at once. Meanwhile you ought to know that the sheets of the French translation, which we had, are almost finished; and the work will stop unless the next messenger brings the missing pages. Everyone desires a summary of the chapters. See therefore whether this draft of mine is faithful; and either send another, or allow this one to be inserted. Today I came upon a passage in Seneca, Epistle 53, which I shall share with you: so that gout may receive from you some benefit in return for all those torments with which it afflicts you. In a doubtful and beginning illness the name is sought: “He who began to stretch his sandals and made both feet right-footed must confess that it is gout.” What “to stretch one’s sandals” means I know; what “to make both feet right-footed” means I do not know, and yet I have long confessed gout. Clearly an ignorant gouty man would wish to know the true meaning of this passage from a most learned gouty man. Farewell and love me. From Paris, on the 15th of May, on the almost fatal day, forty years ago, for this City and Kingdom. CIC. IXC L. EPISTLE CCXL. CL. SARRAVIUS to Isaac Vossius. to Stockholm. To answer your letters, which I now receive without date or consul, I shall first say this, my dear Vossius: you are mistaken if you fear that I shall ever fail to remember you. For I would be the most ungrateful of all mortals, unless, so long as breath governs these limbs, I diligently seize every opportunity of pleasing and serving you. But now, as I think, you have waited longer than was right; I admit it, but I gave the reason: I was expecting the packet, in which was Iamblichus together with several other papers that would not displease the Most Serene Queen. Hence this chief benefit
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EPISTOLÆ. 237 etum colligam, ut deinceps me obliviosum non existimes eorum, quibus of- ficii & amicitiæ legibus teneor. Ego vero impatienter expectabo responsonem tuam, qua resciscam meum fasciculum in manus tuas devenisse. Extremo Martio eum commisi communi amico Clarissimo Wicquefortio, qui onus li- benter in se suscepit eum ad te curandi. Magna me liberaveris sollicitudine, si statim me feceris ea de re certiorem. Ab illo tempore bis etiam ad te scripsi. Bochartum quod attinet hoc tantum dicam, quia nimis modestus est, tibi etiam nimis diffidit, nec de iis est quos . Itaque veretur Regiis ocu- lis exponere foetum, ut ait, minus adhuc iis dignum. Urgeo quantum pos- sum editionem, quam semper differt. Jam scripsi absolutam esse Criticam Sacram Cappelli: sed nondum prostat: nempe quia chartæ componuntur. Eam curabo statim atque fieri poterit ad te mitti, quandoquidem ejus fama ad aures Magnæ Christinæ pervenit. Id, quæso precorque, tibi debeam, ut sciat me ejus magnorum meritorum esse studiosissimum, & prout debeo, devotissimum cultorem. Vale & me libere utere: sic enim me a te constanter amari non du- bitabo. Suedus descriptor adhuc expectatur. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. XIV. Maji. CL. SARRAVIUS Claudio Salmasio. Lugdunum Batavorum. Qvia intellexeramus te in Zelandia fuisse, existimaveramus te illinc in Suediam solvisse; quod querelis Viduæ Mathurini a Puteo locum dabat. Expostulabat scilicet quod discessisses, antequam ultimum Defensionis Galli- cæ caput transmisisses: quod si haberemus absolutum esset opus, quod jam languet . Sed bene est, quod illud proxima occasione polliceris. Apponentur ergo lemmata capitum, quæ ego confeci, tu probasti: sine quibus videbatur aliquid desiderari. Ecebolii factum nec miror nec moror; . Si Pastoribus nostris maledixerit, recident istiusmodi sputa in ejus os impurum, quod inde adhuc magis putescet. Benefit, quod non omittas consilium pro- fectionis ad incomparabilem Reginam; quæ procul dubio a te aliquid eliciet te & se dignum. Iam hic prostat Critica Sacra Cappelli: magnum opus & ar- duum, quod mihi vitam debet. Præbebit adhuc occasionem æmulis Salmu- riensium eos infectandi: sed sufficiunt adversariorum ictibus sustinendis & pro- pulsandis. Si hiemem transigas Holmiæ, quod futurum puto, noli nostri, inter regios apparatus & aulicas delicias, oblivisci, qui tui semper memineri- mus. Iter tuum secundet, qui id facere potest DEUS Opt. Max. Vale & me ama. Lutetiæ Parisiorum. III. Iunii. CL. ICL. Gg 3 EPI-
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EPISTLES. 237 and I shall gather it up, so that thereafter you may not think me forgetful of those to whom I am bound by the laws of duty and friendship. I shall indeed await your reply with impatience, so that I may learn whether my packet has come into your hands. At the end of March I entrusted it to our mutual friend, the most distinguished Wicquefort, who willingly undertook the charge of seeing it safely to you. You will greatly relieve my anxiety if you immediately inform me of this matter. Since that time I have also written to you twice. As for Bochart, I shall say only this: because he is too modest, he also distrusts you too much, and he is not one of those who . Therefore he fears to expose to royal eyes the offspring, as he calls it, as yet not worthy of them. I urge the publication as much as I can, which he always postpones. I have already written that Cappellus’s Sacred Criticism is finished: but it has not yet appeared, namely because the sheets are being arranged. I shall see to it that it is sent to you as soon as it can be done, since its fame has reached the ears of Queen Christina. I ask and entreat that this credit be due to you, that she may know me to be the most devoted admirer of her great merits, and, as I ought, her most devoted servant. Farewell, and use me freely: for thus I shall not doubt that I am steadfastly loved by you. The Swedish transcriber is still awaited. Paris, 14 May. C. SARRAVIUS to Claudius Salmasius. Leyden. Since we had learned that you were in Zeeland, we thought that from there you had sailed to Sweden; and that gave room for the complaints of the widow of Mathurin a Puteo. She was protesting, of course, that you had departed before you had sent the final chapter of the Gallic Defense: for if we had it complete, it would be a finished work, which now languishes. But it is well that you promise it on the next occasion. Therefore the headings of the chapters, which I composed and you approved, shall be added; without them something seemed to be missing. I neither wonder at nor care about Ecebolius’s conduct. If he has slandered our Pastors, such spittle will fall back into his impure mouth, which will thereby stink all the more. It is good that you do not omit the plan of traveling to the incomparable Queen; she will no doubt draw something from you worthy of both you and herself. Here Cappellus’s Sacred Criticism is now in print: a great and difficult work, which owes its life to me. It will still provide occasion for the envy of the Salmurians to attack them; but it is sufficient for withstanding and repelling the blows of opponents. If you spend the winter in Stockholm, as I think will happen, do not forget us amid royal splendors and courtly delights, for we shall always remember you. May God Most High direct your journey, who alone can do so. Farewell and love me. Paris, 3 June. C. ICL. Gg 3 EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. Abfui fere octiduum, generum & filiam invisens: idcirco nullas a me proxime præteritus tabellarius tibi reddiderit. Reversus, Gallicas tuas hic inveni, quibus jam respondeo; nihil enim a te postremus cursor nobis attulit. Scribe quacumque dialecto libuerit, vel in Belgio vel in Suedia, sed scribe. Bene est, quod tandem aliquando postremum Gallicæ Defensionis caput misisti. Tota jam prostaret si citius illud habuissemus. Cessaverunt enim operæ quindecim fere dies, quæ nunc pergunt alacriter. Dextripedes in Seneca ignorati minus nos torquebunt, quam ipsa podagra sæpius cheu! sæpiusque, molestissime recurrens. Forsan discemus experientia & malo nostro, quod lectio aut meditatio nos hactenus docere non potuit. A Bocharto nihil unquam procedet, quod non sit civile & tui valde studiosum. Certant enim in eo viro summa modestia cum pari eruditione. Nescio an legeris ejus Epistolam ad Morleyum, quæ hic summopere laudatur. In Anglia autem Independentibus parricidis valde improbatur. Vide Ecebolii literas, & miratus sum hominis . Aliquid ultro adferet volvenda dies, quo palam fiet, quid præsertim istis mutationibus sectatus sit homo, si quisquam, vanissimus & confidentissimus. De itinere tuo quamvis nihil dicas, illi tamen bene precari non desinam. Sed i cito ut cito redire possis. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parissorum. XVII. Junii. CIC. 13C L. Lugdunum Batavorum. EPISTOLA CCXLIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. O Lim inter fere deputabam, sive Gallicas a te haberem sive Latinas literas. Posteroses enim vel sola sua dialecto placebant; priores vero, quia ut plurimum erant prolixiores, non ideo minus erant gratæ. Iam vero Gallicas tantum, valde breves, & raras scribis: quod videor tecum queri posse. Vel ergo muta linguam, vel saltem adde paginas. Imo ex Suedia Latinas tantum casque bene longas habere me par est: larga enim se præbebit materia, & ut quidem reor, nec aliter DEUS sirit, scriptu jucundissima. Absolvitur hodie Gallica tua Apologia: quæ ejus pro te mihi dederit Vidua Puteana, diligenter ad Morum curabuntur. An etiam ad eum mittentur, quas tibi Holmiam scribemus, scribe. Faustum vobis iter precamur. Vale & abi. Lutetiæ Parissorum, Cal. Iuliis. CIC. 13C L. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. I was away for nearly eight days, visiting my son-in-law and daughter; for that reason the postman who came by recently will have delivered no letters from me to you. On my return I found your Gallic letters here, to which I now reply; for the last courier brought us nothing from you. Write in whatever dialect you please, either in Belgio or in Sweden, but write. It is well that at last you sent the final chapter of the Gallic Defense . The whole work would now be on sale if we had had it sooner. For the workmen have stopped for nearly fifteen days, and are now proceeding briskly. The “dexterous feet” in Seneca, unknown to us, will torment us less than the gout itself, which alas! returns all too often, and most vexingly. Perhaps by experience and our own suffering we shall learn what reading or meditation has thus far not been able to teach us. From Bochart nothing will ever come that is not civil and very devoted to you. For in that man great modesty and equal learning contend with one another. I do not know whether you have read his letter to Morley, which is highly praised here. In England, however, it is greatly disliked by the Independent parricides. See Ecebolius’s letters, and I was astonished at the man. Time, as it turns, will bring something forth, by which it will become clear what he, if anyone, has especially pursued in those changes—a most vain and self-confident man. As for your journey, though you say nothing about it, I shall nevertheless not cease to wish you well. But go quickly, so that you may be able to return quickly. Farewell, and continue to love me. Paris, June 17, 1630. Lugdunum Batavorum. LETTER CCXLIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Lugdunum Batavorum. I was almost in doubt whether I should receive from you either Gallic or Latin letters. For the latter pleased me by their very dialect alone; the former, indeed, because for the most part they were longer, were not therefore less welcome. But now you write only in Gallic, very brief and rare letters: this seems to me something I can complain of with you. So either change your language, or at least add pages. Nay, from Sweden I ought to receive Latin letters only, and those quite long; for ample material will present itself, and, as I judge—and may God allow it no otherwise—a most delightful thing to write. Your Gallic Apology is being finished today; the widow of Puteanus, who gave it to me on your behalf, will see that it is carefully sent to Morus. Also write whether the ones we shall write to you in Holmia should be sent to him as well. We pray for a fortunate journey for you all. Farewell and go. Paris, the Kalends of July, 1630. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 239 EPISTOLA CCXLIV. SACRAE MAIESTATI Serenissima ac Potentissima SUEDIÆ REGINÆ. Holmiam. SERENISSIMA REGINA, Quamvis intellexissem non ingrata tibi fuisse minuta quædam officia, quæ tibi præstiteram; nunquam tamen ea tanti feci, ut existimaverim me ea tibi debere venditare. Satisque mihi fuit, quod in meis ad Vossium tuum litteris, aliquando legeres, quomodo erga Regias virtutes tuas essem affectus. Postquam vero idem ille vir doctissimus & vetus amicus meus, coram animum addidit te compellandi, soponditque liberum, & tutum mihi fore ad te aditum, audacior factus, Ecce me tibi sisto ô MAXIMA REGINARUM, cum precibus ut me, quem fortem promitto & bonum, tuorum in numero habere velis. Possem hic rationes addere, quæ me tuum effecerunt. Sed quid aliud facere me oporteret, quam in hanc chartam conijcere tot Panegyricos, tot Odas, tot Epistolas; quæ licet nihil indictum omisisse videantur, nunquam tamen laudum tuarum argumentum impleverint. Crescunt enim in te cum ætate virtutes, erga quas tanto impetu ferris, ut nemo te sequi, vel eas assequi possit. Harum inexhausta scaturigo tibi quicquid est bonorum conciliavit & me cum illis. Quanquam & privarim etiam tibi tencor, honorario quod serius cognovi a te esse profectum; pro quogratias ago summas. Hoc quoque mihi fiduciam addidit has ad te scribendi. Nempe dixi, Bene volumus iis, erga quos benignissumus. Nec displicere possit INCOMPARABILI REGINÆ gratus animus. Tradiderit tibi Vossius, quos ei dedi tibi offerendos Manuscriptos De Concilio Florentino: quos tibi placuisse summopere opto. Cæterum crede omnia mea, meque ipsum in tua plane esse potestate; quibus utere, rogo precorque, pro arbitratu. Ego tibi cum fide & diligentia inserviam. Vale SERENISSIMA AC POTENTISSIMA REGINA, & regna diu & feliciter. Hæc sunt vota TUA MAJESTATI Deditissimi ac devotissimi CL. SARRAVIL. Lutetia Parisior. 111. Septemb. 1515. EPISTOLA CCXLV. A MONSIEUR SARRAU, Conseiller du Parlement de Paris. MONSIEUR, Ie vous demande pardon, de ce que je ne vous ay pas plustost remercié de cét excellent present, que vous m'avés envoyé parle Sieur Vossius; et de ce que je n'ay pas fait plustost response à la lettre, que vous avés pris
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EPISTLES. 239 EPISTLE CCXLIV. TO THE SACRED MAJESTY To the Most Serene and Most Powerful Queen of Sweden. Stockholm. MOST SERENE QUEEN, Although I had understood that certain small services, which I rendered you, had not been unwelcome to you, nevertheless I never set such store by them that I should think I ought to parade them before you. And it was enough for me that in my letters to your Vossius you might sometimes read how I was affected toward your royal virtues. But after that very learned man and my old friend, in person, gave me courage to address you, and assured me that access to you would be free and safe, I was made bolder, and behold, I present myself to you, O GREATEST OF QUEENS, with the prayer that you would be pleased to number me, whom I promise to be brave and good, among your own. I could here add the reasons which have made me yours. But what else should I do than throw upon this page so many Panegyrics, so many Odes, so many Letters; which, though they seem to have omitted nothing unspoken, have nevertheless never filled out the subject of your praises. For the virtues in you grow with your age, and you are borne toward them with such force that no one can follow you, or overtake them. Their inexhaustible spring has drawn to you whatever there is of good, and me with them. Although I am also personally indebted to you for an honor, which I learned only later had proceeded from you; for which I give the highest thanks. This too has given me confidence to write thus to you. For I said, We are well disposed toward those toward whom we are most kindly disposed. Nor can a grateful mind be displeasing to the INCOMPARABLE QUEEN. Vossius will have delivered to you the Manuscripts On the Council of Florence, which I gave him to present to you: I greatly hope that they have pleased you. Moreover, believe that all that is mine, and I myself also, are wholly in your power; use them, I beg and pray, at your pleasure. I shall serve you with faithfulness and diligence. Farewell, MOST SERENE AND MOST POWERFUL QUEEN, and may you reign long and happily. These are the prayers of your Majesty's Most devoted and devoted servant, CL. SARRAVIL. Paris, 11 September 1515. EPISTLE CCXLV. TO MONSIEUR SARRAU, Counselor of the Parliament of Paris. SIR, I ask your pardon for not having thanked you sooner for that excellent present which you sent me through Monsieur Vossius; and for not having answered sooner the letter which you had taken ...
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240 CL. SARRAVI I pris la peine de m'escire. Ne croyés pas, Monsieur, que je sois méconoissante envers une personne, qui m'a voulu donner part d'un si precieux thresor, qu'est celuy que j'ay receu de vous: N[ost]re que je sois insensible envers les offres d'affection, qu'un homme de vostre merite m'a faites par une lettre si civile. Ie vous conjure de croire que je sçay estimer & l'un & l'autre comme je dois: & que je ne me rendray jamais indigne ny par ingratitude, ny par insensibilité, de l'estime que vous temoignés avoir pour moy. Et puisque vostre civilité s'est servie de ces termes pour m'assurer de vostre affection, par lesquels vous me voulés faire accroire que vous vous estes donné à moy. Ie vous diray que c'est avec joye que je vous accepte au nombre des miens. Et ce sera d'oresnavant avec vostre permission, que je me vanteray de cette acquisition. Ie vous prie de croire que j'useray du droit, que vous m'avés donné sur vous, avec la reserve & la discretion que je dois avoir pour un homme de vostre merite. Et je ne vous feray jamais sentir combien je suis absolue, qu'en vous commandant de changer la qualité de serviteur en celle d'amy. C'est en cette qualité que je vous accepte entre les miens: & c'est en ce seul regard que je pretens d'exercer le pouvoir que vous m'avés donné. Si apres cela il me reste encore quelque autorité: Ie vous diray que je desire de vous la conservation du bien, que vous m'avés accordé. Ne me refusés pas la continuation de vostre amitie apres me l'avoir donnée si genereusement. Il est vray je ne la merite pas. Aussi n'est-ce pas par merite que j'y pretens. C'est vostre generosité & non pas mon merite, qui a justifié ma pretention. Neantmoins je vous puis assurer en revange, que vous avés entierement acquis l'estime & l'amitié de CHRISTINE. De Stocholme xxiii. Novemb. cib 13c L. EPISTOLA CCXLVI. CL. SARRAVIUS Davidi Blondello. Amstelodamum. ME rogavit eximius hic adolescens, ut se tibi commendarem: quod facio libentissime; cum propter ejus haud vulgarem eruditionem: est inter nos enim supra ætatem doctus, tum etiam propter amicitiam, quæ inter nos intercedit. Ei nomen est Petrus Lambecius, patria Hamburgum. Vixit Romæ apud avunculum Lucam Holstenium duos annos, quos humanioribus litteris excolendis & Historiæ impendit: postea Tolosæ totum annum moratus est, & juris studiis diligenter incubuit. Iam vero parentum vota eum ad se revocant: quodpriusquam faciat, Amstelodami aliquamdiu subsistet, tui præsertim videndi & audiendi causa: quod ut ipsi benigne concedas, quanquam tu orandus non es, cui bene facere omnibus a natura datum est, tamen enixe precor ut aliquantulam privati tui temporis usuram ei largiaris. Ille se statim tibi commendaverit, & magnam a me gratiam iniveris. Iam vero aliud te volo. Interrogor quotidie ab ami-
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240 CL. SARRAVI I took the trouble to write to me. Do not think, Monsieur, that I am ungrateful toward a person who wished to give me notice of so precious a treasure as that which I have received from you: nor that I am insensitive to the offers of affection that a man of your merit has made me by so courteous a letter. I beg you to believe that I know how to value both the one and the other as I ought; and that I shall never make myself unworthy, either through ingratitude or through insensibility, of the esteem which you show you have for me. And since your courtesy has used these terms to assure me of your affection, by which you would have me believe that you have given yourself to me, I will tell you that it is with joy that I accept you among those who are mine. And from now on it will be with your permission that I shall boast of this acquisition. I pray you to believe that I shall use the right you have given me over you with the reserve and discretion I ought to have toward a man of your merit. And I shall never make you feel how absolute I am, except by commanding you to change the quality of servant into that of friend. It is in this quality that I accept you among mine; and it is in this only regard that I intend to exercise the power you have given me. If after that there still remains any authority for me, I will tell you that I desire from you the preservation of the good which you have granted me. Do not refuse me the continuation of your friendship after having given it to me so generously. It is true, I do not deserve it. Nor is it by merit that I lay claim to it. It is your generosity and not my merit that has justified my claim. Nevertheless I can assure you in return that you have wholly won the esteem and friendship of CHRISTINE. From Stockholm, xxiii. Novemb. 1640. EPISTOLA CCXLVI. CL. SARRAVIUS to David Blondel. Amsterdam. This excellent young man asked me to commend him to you: which I do most willingly, both because of his not common learning—for he is learned beyond his years—and also because of the friendship that exists between us. His name is Petrus Lambecius, a native of Hamburg. He lived in Rome with his uncle Lucas Holstenius for two years, which he devoted to cultivating the humanities and history; afterwards he remained at Toulouse for a whole year, and diligently applied himself to the study of law. Now, however, his parents’ wishes call him back to them; but before he does so, he will stay some time at Amsterdam, especially for the sake of seeing and hearing you. I earnestly pray that you will kindly grant this to him, though indeed you do not need to be asked, since nature has given you to do good to all men; nevertheless I eagerly beg that you allow him a little of your private time. He will at once commend himself to you, and you will have won great gratitude from me. Now I want another thing from you. I am daily asked by ami-
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EPISTOLÆ. 241 amicis communibus, quid te factum sit. De tuo enim pertinaci quod vocant, silentio, plurimi expostulant. Respondeo me nihil a te ex quo discessisti habuisse. Cæterum ex aliquot familiarium literis ad me aliosque datis, cognovisse, te Franciscopoli secundo vento solvisse, & in Bataviam feliciter appulissequinetiam Salmasium invisisse, antequam in Suediam proficisceretur. Præterea nihil esse, quod dicam. Tu vero veteres amicos noli ita negligere, & de te rebusque tuis fac nos certiores. Interea Vale tu cum tua & me amare perge. Lutetia Parisior. XXII. Septembr. CICIDCL. EPISTOLA CCXLVII. CL. SARRAVIUS Davidi Blondello. Amstelodamum. I Am antea ex variis variorum literis intellexeram, te prospera navigatione usum feliciter istuc appulisse tibique gratulatus sum adeo fortunatum adventum literis, quas a Petro Lambecio vel jam habuisti, vel brevi habiturus es. Idipsum autem a te ipso cognoscere fuit sane perquam jucundum. Statim autem pudore suffusus sum tam prolixa gratiarum actione: nihil enim inexpectatius mihi dudum accidit. Nec enim minutula quædam officia quæ tibi præstiti, digna erant quæ memoria asservares. Itineris tui fortunam cum voluptate legi. Consulum Amstelodamensium pronus & benevolus erga te animus magno incitamento tibi erit ad aliquid, famæ tuæ conveniens, aggrediendum. Baronius vocetur ad partes, aliis forsan metuendus adversarius, sed tibi facili negotio debellandus. Ille ergo te totum occupet, cum in publicis lectionibus, tum in privatis studiis: valcantque alia omnia: præsertim vero Chiffletiana. Nec enim, quod coram sæpius dixi, adeo bene de te merita est patria, ut ejus ergo debeas causam DEI ejusque Ecclesiæ, propria commoda, amicorum preces, patronorum denique jam tuorum vota & expectationem insuper habere. Patere me quæso precorque, libere tecum per literas agentem, sicut olim, dum licebat loqui, solebam. Hæc enim tibi oggerere non desinam, donec scivero te magnum illud opus inchoasse, in quo etiam solo te exerceas. Tum enim meminisse te oportebit ejus quod sæpius mihi dixisti, Non posse te duobus vacare, & necesse esse, ut uni rei omisis aliis incumbas. Valetudo mea aliquantum procedit: & meliorem in dies sperare liceret, nisi lateri hæreret lethalis arundo. Calculus enim, quo dudum laborat ren dexter, ei dum se affricuit, ulcus fecit; quod diuturnum morbum facere solere, eumque poenè insanabilem dicunt Medicorum filii. Remediis tamen utor iisque continuis, lacte asinino summo mane bibendo: & hydromelite non alio ullo potu me prolucendo. Trochiscis etiam a Gordonio dictis, utor. Hæc mea jam vita est. Vale. Lutetia Paris. Calend. Octob. CICIDCL. H h EPI-
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EPISTLES. 241 to our mutual friends, what has become of you. For very many complain about your so-called stubborn silence. I reply that I have had no news from you since you departed. However, from several letters of friends sent to me and to others, I have learned that you sailed from Charenton with a fair wind and arrived safely in Holland, and also that you visited Salmasius before he set out for Sweden. Beyond this I have nothing to say. But you, do not neglect your old friends in this way, and keep us informed about you and your affairs. Meanwhile farewell, you and yours, and continue to love me. Paris, 22 September 1650. EPistle CCXLVII. CL. SARRAVIUS to David Blondel. Amsterdam. I had already learned from various letters of various people that you had made a prosperous voyage and had arrived safely there, and I congratulated you on so fortunate an arrival in letters which you either have already received from Peter Lambecius, or will soon receive. But to learn the same thing from you yourself was indeed very pleasing. At once, however, I was overwhelmed with shame at so lengthy a thanksgiving: for nothing more unexpected has happened to me for a long time. Nor were those small services I rendered you worthy to be preserved in memory. I read with pleasure the account of your journey. The favorable and well-disposed attitude of the consuls of Amsterdam toward you will be a great encouragement to you to undertake something worthy of your reputation. Let Baronius be summoned to the field, an adversary perhaps formidable to others, but to you easily to be overthrown. Therefore let him occupy you wholly, both in public lectures and in private studies; and let all other things yield, especially the Chiffletian ones. For, as I have often said to you in person, your fatherland has not so well deserved of you that, for its sake, you ought to have regard also for the cause of God and His Church, your own advantage, the prayers of your friends, and finally the wishes and expectations of your patrons, now also your own. Suffer me, I beg and implore, to deal freely with you by letter, as I used to do of old, when it was permitted to speak. For I shall not cease to press these things upon you until I know that you have begun that great work, in which alone you should occupy yourself. Then indeed you must remember what you have often said to me: that you cannot be free for two things, and that it is necessary, by neglecting one, to devote yourself to another. My health is improving somewhat, and it might be hoped that it would improve day by day, were it not that a fatal shaft is fixed in my side. For a stone, with which my right kidney has long been afflicted, while rubbing against it has caused an ulcer; and the sons of physicians say that this is wont to produce a long illness, and one that is almost incurable. Nevertheless I am using remedies, and those continuously: drinking asses’ milk very early in the morning, and refreshing myself with hydromel and no other drink. I also use the trochisci called by Gordon. Such is now my life. Farewell. Paris, 1 October 1650. H h EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS EPISTOLA CCXLVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Holmiam. EXUxoris tuæ ad meam literis certior factus sum de tuo Holmiam adventu, quem antea ex incertis poene rumoribus intellexeram: & lætatus sum te hanc itineris tui metam feliciter attigisse. Sed quod istie valetudine minus commoda utaris, molestissime fero. Omnis enim tam longæ peregrinationis fructus, nem- pe cum Serenissima Regina literarium & familiare commercium, poene perierit, si te perpetuo oporteat lecto decumbere. Opto ergo tibi conuenientem coeli tempestatem, qua deinceps usus pedum tibi constet, ut ad doctissimam Christi- nam itare possis. Quid in ejus Coronatione memoria dignum videris, a te ex- pectabo: sed præsertim quomodo tibi conveniat cum istius Aulæ eruditis: an fasces submittant libenter: gaudeant an doleant eum coram videre, a quotam multa edocti, tam multa adhuc doceantur. Hinc nescio quid tibi narrare possim. Omittere tamen non debeo, prodiisse haud ita pridem ingentem Tomum, nisi quod in duas partes dividitur, Petavii veteris scilicet amici tui, De Incarnatio- ne. Addidit Appendicem De Hierarchia Ecclesiastica; qua te præsertim Apparatumque tuum petit, deinde & Blondellum. Adversum te more solito impotenter & furiose debacchatur: cum Blondello agit minus inclementer. Hic si me audiet aliud curabit, potius quam ut ad eum confutandum se accingat: & sane Amstelodamenses Consules hoc ab eo non requirent. Decernes tu pro ar- bitrio quid te facere oporteat. Sane Sapientissima & Incomparabilis Regina aliud te rogabit, quam ut Petavios aut etiam Heraldos pro suis meritis, male tra- ctes. Vale Tu cum Tua a me meaque. Lutetiæ Parisior. XXIII. Octobr. EID IC L. EPISTOLA CCXLIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Holmiam. Isaaco Vossio. I Am acceperis opinor, quas ad te & ad Serenissimam Reginam tertia dilemnsis proxime præteriti scripsi: ex quibus cognoveris cessationis meæ nimis justam rationem. Sciam libenter an Incomparabili Principi non displicuerit libertas qua usus sum. Sine te nunquam id aggressus fuissem: nec enim æquum est nos homunciones regiis & immortalibus curis imprudenter obstreper. Vide tamen ut quod te auctore factum est fortiter tuearis. Quamquam vereor ne mea culpa dicam an temeritate ita peccaverim, ut veniæ non sit locus. Nondum enim satis liber eram a morbo, ut de hujus momenti negotio debuerim cogitare. Quo- modocunque autem sors ceciderit, de isto casu fac me quæso certiorem. Tibi gratulor faustum in Suediam ad eximiam Dominam reditum; cui placuisse mu- nuscu-
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CL. SARRAVIUS LETTER CCXLVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Holmia. I have been informed by your wife’s letters to me of your arrival in Holmia, which I had previously understood from uncertain rumors; and I rejoiced that you had happily reached this goal of your journey. But I am most distressed that you are using less-than-ideal health. For the whole fruit of so long a journey, namely intercourse by letter and in person with the Most Serene Queen, will almost be lost if you must continually lie in bed. I therefore wish for you a suitable climate, so that from now on the use of your feet may remain with you, in order that you may be able to go to the most learned Christina. What you may have seen worth remembering at her Coronation, I shall expect from you: but especially how you get along with the learned men of that Court; whether they willingly lower their standards, whether they rejoice or grieve to see him present, from whom, though they have learned much, they are still taught so much more. From this I know not what I may be able to tell you. I must not omit, however, that there has quite recently appeared a huge volume, except that it is divided into two parts, namely that of Petavius, your old friend, On the Incarnation. He has added an Appendix, On Ecclesiastical Hierarchy; in which he especially attacks you and your Apparatus, and then Blondel as well. Against you he rages, as usual, violently and furiously; with Blondel he deals less harshly. If he listens to me, he will concern himself with something else rather than taking up the task of refuting him; and indeed the Amsterdam Consuls will not require this of him. You will determine at your discretion what you ought to do. Certainly the Most Wise and Incomparable Queen will ask nothing else of you than that you should treat Petavius, or even the Heralds, according to their merits, without ill-will. Farewell, you and yours, from me and mine. Paris, 23 October EID IC L. LETTER CCXLIX. CL. SARRAVIUS To Holmia. To Isaac Vossius. I suppose you have received the letters I recently wrote, both to you and to the Most Serene Queen, on the third day before the end of the past month; from them you will have learned the very just reason for my silence. I should like to know whether my boldness has displeased that Incomparable Princess. I would never have attempted it without you: for it is not right that we little men should, through imprudence, interrupt royal and immortal concerns. Yet see to it that you vigorously defend what was done at your suggestion. Although I fear I may say whether through my fault or rashness I have erred so greatly that there is no room for pardon. For I was not yet sufficiently free from illness that I ought to have thought about a matter of this importance. However the lot may have fallen, please make me certain of this outcome. I congratulate you on your fortunate return to Sweden to the excellent Lady; to whom the little gift may have pleased
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EPISTOLA. 243 nusculum quod a me obtulisti, cum voluptate intellexi. Magna ei procul dubio ex tua commendatione, gratia accesserit; quanquam per se non est omnino indignum quod laudetur & ametur. Cæterum faciam libenter, quod Regina suo jure imperare poterat, tu vero pro tua modestia ejus nomine rogare maluisti: nempe ut quæ nova alicujus pretii hic & alibi nova in Gallia nostra prodibunt ea ad te allegem; minuta per cursores, mole ampliora per aliam occasionem minus expeditam. Sed ut quod illa mandat plenius exsequar, scire me oportet an etiam Theologica omnis generis habere velit. Scribuntur scilicet adversarii libelli quam plurimi, quibus Sorbonistæ, Monachi & alii de Gratia aliisque articulis se mutuis vulneribus confodiunt; An etiam omnes istos desiderat? An quæ Gallica lingua quotidie eduntur otiosorum oblectamenta & delicias, infinita opera fietas historias narrantia? Præterea libros istos compactos an incompactos, regia magnificentia vestitos, an privata tantum modestia decoros mittere oportet? Hæc te mihi explicare velim: postea in me nulla mora erit. Doleo vicem Magni Vici & Summi amici nostri, Salmasium intelligi non dubitas, ejusque afflictæ valetudinis me miseret. De ejus statu quoties scribes, raro enim scribit, noli quæso oblivisci me monere. Sane vereor ne coeli vestri poene damnata frigora ei sint molestissima. Hiemem enim necesse est istic transigat. Qua autem in re ejus opera & præsentia utatur Maxima Regina, cuive rei cum destinet scire laboro. Velim ego ut Novum Foedus coram ea legat sua lingua, Græcam intelligo, in qua vix credas quam multa possit explicare & enarrare; idque te coram ejus sensus excipiente & literis mandante. Causabitur autem procul dubio sibi ad manum non esse Variarum Lectionum immensam segetem, quibus divinum istud opus omni meretur. Sed propterea non definite cum urgere: habet enim in numerato omnia quæ unquam legit & expedita facundia pollet, qua ea eloquatur. Præterea Valla, Erasmus, Camerarius, Beza, Heinsius, Grotius quorum illi suppeditabitis monumenta, satis largam differendi materiam præbeant, & aliquando poterit accuratius ea retractare. Nullo certe diviniore labore possit literarium vestrum commercium nobilitari. Puteani te salutant. Ego quoque qui tuisum, eroque semper amantissimus. Vale. Lutetiæ Paris. XXI 1. Octob. CCL. EPISTOLA CCL. CL. SARRAVIUS Isaac Vossio. Helmiam. Secundum tuum, an potius Serenissimæ Reginæ, mandatum, mitto, & quidem ut jussit per cursores, musteum adhuc opus & a prælo recentissimum, contra Cappelli nostri Criticam Sacram. Quamvis enim aperte taveam & causæ & viro, qui hic oppugnatur certe non expugnatur, absit tamen ut nolim in istam controversiam penitius inquiri. Anglus quia proximior, prior insurgit, quem Hh 2
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EPISTLE 243 I received with pleasure the little book which you offered me. It will no doubt acquire much additional favor from your recommendation; although in itself it is by no means unworthy of being praised and loved. For the rest, I shall gladly do what the Queen could have commanded by her own right, but which you, out of modesty, preferred to request in her name: namely, that whatever new things of some value are published here and elsewhere in our France, I should send them to you; minor items by courier, larger and bulkier ones on some other, less convenient occasion. But in order to carry out her command more fully, I need to know whether she also wants theological works of every kind. For many controversial pamphlets are being written, in which the Sorbonists, monks, and others wound one another with mutual blows over Grace and other articles. Does she desire all these as well? Or also those works in French that are published every day for the amusement and delight of the idle, countless fictional histories of all sorts? Moreover, should these books be sent bound or unbound, dressed in royal magnificence or adorned only with private modesty? I should like you to explain this to me; after that there will be no delay on my part. I grieve for the fate of our great Vic and our excellent friend—you do not doubt that I mean Salmasius—and I pity his distressed state of health. Whenever you write about his condition, do not forget, I beg you, to remind me, for he writes rarely. Indeed I fear that the almost condemned cold of your climate may be most troublesome to him. He must spend the winter there. But in what matter does the Most Serene Queen use his help and presence, and for what purpose she intends him, I am eager to know. I should like him to read the New Testament aloud before her in his own language—I mean Greek—in which, you would hardly believe how much he can explain and relate; and this in your presence, while you take down and record his meaning. No doubt he will complain that he does not have at hand the immense store of various readings, by which that divine work deserves to be weighed in every respect. But for that reason do not press him too strictly: he has at his command everything he has ever read, and he possesses ready eloquence with which to express it. Moreover, Valla, Erasmus, Camerarius, Beza, Heinsius, and Grotius—whose monuments you will supply—offer a sufficiently ample subject for discussion, and he will at some time be able to revisit them more carefully. Certainly there could be no more divine labor by which your literary exchange might be ennobled. Puteanus sends greetings to you. I too, who am yours, and shall always be most devotedly affectionate. Farewell. Paris, 21 Oct. 250. EPISTLE CCL. CL. SARRAVIUS to Isaac Vossius. Helmia. In accordance with your order, or rather that of the Most Serene Queen, I am sending, and indeed as she directed by courier, a still fresh and very recently printed work against the Critica Sacra of our Cappellus. For although I plainly fear both the cause and the man who is here attacked and certainly not overthrown, let it nevertheless be far from me to wish that this controversy not be examined more deeply. The Englishman, because he is nearer, rises up first, whom...
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CL. S A R R A V I I quem alii mox sequentur. Omnibus autem etiam conjunctis sufficiet Andegavensis Professor, haud impar isti oneri: & suam doctrinam assertum ibit contra horum animosos conatus. Non indigna est hæc cognitio doctissimæ Dominæ tuæ studiis; sed judicare non festinet; priusquam reo sua defendenti benignas aures præbuerit. Habuit hic olim harum rerum callentissimum Hugonem Grotium sibi consentientem; cujus extat de Critica nostra luculentum testimonium inter ejus epistolas ad Gallos pag. 465. cujus idoneos penes me est. Sed ille fuit, nec potest Bootio, nisi magni quod nunquam morietur nominis auctoritate, refragari. At superest, diuque superlit, precor, Bochar- tus harum literarum Princeps Cappello , qui litem istam possit suam facere, & adverlariorum conatus infringere. Sed bona causa non indiget istis præjudiciis, & coram universo doctorum Senatu deinceps disceptabitur, quid- ni Præside Magna Christina, cui me semper commendatum volo. Ante octiduum novissimis tuis respondi, nec aliud jam occurrit quod dicam. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parisior. xxix. Octobr. CCL. EPISTOLA CCLI. CL. S A R R A V I U S Davidi Blondello. Amstelodamum. Serius ante octiduum alteram tuam Epistolam accepi, quam ut ei per reditum ejusdem cursoris respondere potuerim. Id itaque jam exequar. Laudo consilium tuum de Critico Sacro tractando; ita tamen ut postea Baronius te totum habeat. Sed quando fiet ut istam aggrediaris? Audio enim te postulasse & impetrasse a Scholæ tuæ Curatoribus, ut tibi porro liceret Chiffletium defricare. Miror sane te eo animo fieri circa opus, quod cane pejus & angue odisse deberes. Sed quod coram obtinere non potui, ut istud onus deponeres, frustra jam tanta locorum intercapedine consequi sperem. Fac ergo quod animo allubescet tuo. Sed tibi multum jam temporis in isto labore perit, & adhuc peribit, quod rebus melioribus & magis necessariis impendisses. Idem dicam de Versione Tractatus tui de Primatu; quam absit ut aggrediaris. Hoc juvenis aliquis Gallicæ & Latinæ linguæ peritus faciat: tu enim ad majora vocaris, quam ut in istis bonas horas male colloces. Totus jam est Bochartus noster in describendo libro suo De Animalibus Biblicis, quem istic potius quam hic edi velit propter typorum vestrorum elegantiam. Sciam quæso num Typographorum Princeps suo merito Blavius velit hanc gratiam inire ab optimo & eruditissimo viro, quilibenter eum omnibus aliis prætulit. Hoc enim ut a te cognoscerem dedit mihi in mandatis. Nec opus est quidquam addam in Auctoris aut operis commendationem. Utrumque enim apprime nosti, & verum pretium utrique pones. Dallæo nostro eam literarum partem prælegi, qua cupiebas ut Latinam faceret suam Apologiam: quid statuet ea de re faciam statim resciscas. De Salmasi fortuna Suedica audiam quæcunque dices libentissime. Nullas adhuc ab eo ex quo
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which others will soon follow. But with all of them combined, the Andegavian Professor will be sufficient for that burden, not unequal to it; and he will assert his own learning against the bold efforts of these men. This knowledge is not unworthy of the studies of your most learned Lady; but let her not be hasty in judging, before she has given a kindly hearing to the defendant’s own defense. In former times he had in agreement with him the most skilled Hugo Grotius in these matters; of whom there exists a clear testimony concerning our Criticism among his letters to the French, p. 465, which I have the proper references for. But he was, and Boot may not be able to oppose him except by the authority of a great name that will never die. Yet there remains, and long may there remain, I pray, Bochart, Prince of these letters, Cappellus, who may make that dispute his own and break the efforts of his opponents. But a good cause has no need of such prejudices, and hereafter it will be debated before the whole Senate of the learned, under the presidency of Great Christina, to whom I wish myself always commended. Eight days ago I replied to your latest letter, and nothing else now occurs to me to say. Farewell, and continue to love me. Paris, 29 October 1650. EPISTLE CCLI. CL. SARRAVIUS to David Blondel. Amsterdam. I received your other letter later than eight days ago, too late to have been able to answer it by the return of the same messenger. I shall therefore do so now. I praise your plan of treating the Sacred Critic; but on condition that afterward Baronius may have you entirely. But when will it happen that you undertake that work? For I hear that you have asked and obtained from the curators of your school that you should be allowed to go on with Chiffletius. I truly wonder that you should be so minded about a work which you ought to hate worse than dog or snake. But what I could not secure in person, namely that you would lay aside that burden, I now vainly hope to obtain at so great a distance. Do, then, what your heart inclines to. But much time is already being lost by you in that labor, and much more will still be lost, time that you might have spent on better and more necessary things. I would say the same about the translation of your Treatise on Primacy; I hope very much that you will not undertake it. Let some young man skilled in the French and Latin languages do this: for you are called to greater things than to spend your good hours badly on such matters. Our Bochart is now wholly occupied in writing out his book On the Biblical Animals, which he wishes to be published there rather than here on account of the elegance of your type. I should like to know whether the Prince of Printers, Blavius by right, wishes to seek this favor from an excellent and most learned man, whom he readily preferred to all others. For he instructed me to find this out from you. Nor is there any need for me to add anything in praise of either the author or the work. For you know both very well, and you will assign the true value to each. I read aloud to our Daille that part of the work which you wished he would render into Latin, namely his Apology; what he will decide about this matter, find out immediately. As for Salmasius’ Swedish fortune, I shall hear with the greatest pleasure whatever you may say. I have received nothing from him yet since
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EPISTOLAÆ. 245 quo in ista Aula degit accepi. Sed ejus uxor de suo adventu meam monuit & adver, tam mariti valetudinem causlata est. Tu rescribes quando libebit, & licebit sine ullo tuo incommodo, de rebus tuis præsertim; quibus si aliqua ratione consulere & prodesse potero, tum me beatum arbitrabor. Vale. Lutetiæ Paris. v. NOV. CICIDCL. EPISTOLA CCLII. CL. SARRAVIUS Isaaco Vossio. Holmiam. Hic habes linguæ nostræ Origines, collectore & editore Menagio: cujus votum est tantum scire, quantum scit ejus liber. Omnibus paginis ô pater tuus, Salmasius & Bochartus laudantur. Quia ita justisti, mittitur per cursores: saltem dixi Bidalio ut id ita curaret, te enim ita velle. Hoc exemplum petii & impetravi a Menagio pro Serenissima Regina: vulgo enim minus superbe compinguntur. Multa addentur in secunda editione, de quajam cogitatur. In tam vasto quippe argumento, semper suppetet scribendi materia, & possit quilibet symbolam conferre. Grandi isti volumini comitem dedi pusillum tractatum. Materia plane regia est: nec displicebit Reginæ videre nostros Gallos, pro regia auctoritate contendentes. An placuerit epistola, qua te auctore eam compellavi, scire desidero. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parisior. v. Novembr CICIDCL. EPISTOLA CCLIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Iohanni Frederico Gronovio. Daventriam. Quod tardius humanissimis tuis literis quinta Julii datis, respondeam, tue- bor me duabus exceptionibus; quæ tibi etiam legitimæ videbuntur. Prior est morbus trimestris a febre sæpius recurrente, quæ ita me afflixit, ut aliquando spes nulla salutis superesset. Quintilis, Sextilis & September adversa ista valetudine impeditum detinuerunt. Horum autem mensium primus acerbissimus mihi fuit, cum morbi vehementia, tum præsentia Vossii & Bocharti, qua frui non licebat. Ego enim qui ambos magnopere videre desideraveram, & eorum suavi confortio proficere, lecto affixus illis & mihi inutilis factus sum. Altera est, quod cum in extrema tua epistola me rogasses, ut Crucei librum ad te mitterem, nuper admodum exemplar, quod hic habes reperire potuerim: & pudebat sine eo te convenire. Hæc est gemina silentii mei excusatio. Ut enim oblivione aut incuria in hoc erga te officio peccem, ingratus sim si faciam. Adeo enim comiter agis, adeo amanter, ut ferreus sim, si eo non movear aut exciter ad diligentiam tuam imitandam. Naudæo tuas in Senecas Notas tradidi. Mihi sane eximiæ videntur: fere enim omnes ad ipsum textum contuli, ut melius de Hh 3 illis
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EPISTLES. 245 which I received when he was staying in that Hall. But his wife informed me of his arrival and, as an excuse, cited her husband’s health. You will write back whenever you wish and can, without any inconvenience to yourself, especially about your affairs; if in any way I can advise and be of service in them, then I shall consider myself happy. Farewell. At Paris, Nov. 5, 1651. EPISTLE CCLII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Isaac Vossius. At Stockholm. Here you have the Origins of our language, collected and edited by Ménage; whose wish is to know only as much as his book knows. On every page your father, Salmasius, and Bochart are praised. Since you so ordered, it is being sent by couriers: at least I told Bidalio to see to it in that way, since that is your wish. I asked Ménage for this copy, and obtained it, for the Most Serene Queen; for in common use they are bound up less splendidly. Much will be added in the second edition, of which some thought is already being given. For in so vast a subject, there will always be matter to write, and anyone may contribute his share. To that large volume I added a small companion treatise. The subject is plainly royal: nor will it displease the Queen to see our Frenchmen contending in support of royal authority. Whether the letter pleased her, by which, at your prompting, I addressed her, I wish to know. Farewell, and continue to love me. At Paris, Nov. 5, 1651. EPISTLE CCLIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Johann Friedrich Gronovius. At Deventer. That I answer your most kind letter of the 5th of July somewhat late, I shall defend myself on two grounds, which will seem valid even to you. The first is a three-month illness, with a fever frequently returning, which afflicted me so severely that at times there seemed to be no hope of recovery. July, August, and September kept me confined by this troublesome state of health. Of these months, the first was the most grievous to me, both because of the violence of the illness and because of the presence of Vossius and Bochart, from which I was not allowed to enjoy any benefit. For I, who had greatly wished to see both of them, and to profit by their sweet company, became fixed to my bed and useless both to them and to myself. The second is that, when in your last letter you asked me to send you Cruceius’s book, I was only very recently able to find the copy which you now have here; and I was ashamed to come to you without it. This is the twofold excuse for my silence. For if I offend in this duty toward you through forgetfulness or negligence, I am ungrateful if I do so. You act with so much courtesy, so much affection, that I should be hard-hearted indeed if I were not moved by it or stirred to imitate your diligence. I have handed over your Notes on Seneca to Naudé. They seem to me certainly outstanding; for I have compared almost all of them with the text itself, so that better of those...
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CL. SARRAVIUS illis judicarem. Tibi gratulor quod istic nactus sis Typographum virum hone- stum & locupletem: nec possit typos suos nobilitare meliori & magis vendibili libro. Istius enim generis scripta, cum per varios auctores ambulent, omnibus placent, quia onnes ibi repetiunt quod suo palato sapiat. De Seneca Tragico videris curam deposuisse, adeo de illo siles. Cave facias. Cum enim habeas unde eum meliorem facias, & ornes; non est indignus cura & amore tuo. Perge ergo in isto quoque Senecaliteras demereri. Te sane solum istis in regionibus excellere video, & eruditam crisim exercere. Nec enim illos qui Florum, Sue- tonium, Curtium, aliosque auctores nuper adornarunt, tibi æquiparem. Sola typorum elegantia istas editiones commendat, non autem eorum labor, qui nobis eos ita belle & nitide cultos exhibent. Tu vero altiora sapis, & penetras in ipsum profundum: quod ut diu cum tua gloria, & publica utilitate facias DEUM ex animo precor. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetiæ Parisior. xii. Novembr. CICINCL. EPISTOLA CCLIV. CL. SARRAVIUS David Blondello. Amstelodamum. Fiat ergo de tuis Chiffletianis quodcunque volueris: De illis in posterum nihil a me aversaure audies. Bene est tamen quod ea prælo subjeceris: id enim tibi finem iis tandem aliquando imponendi necessitatem adferet: urgente nimi- rum præsente typographo, ne suustuusque labor imperfectus maneat. Addam huic chartæ aliquot excerpta ex Appendice Petavii, quæ legisse juvabit, donec ipsum librum habeas; quem non dubito Cramoysium istuc statim curaturum. Quanquam lentum est omne istud negotium libros marituna via transmittendi. Pergit Salmasius ægrotare Holmiæ, sicut ejus uxor ad meam scribit: nam nec ego, nec alius quispiam, ulla ab eo habuimus, ex quo eo appulit. Quæ de eo scribis sunt verissimillima. Mitius & cautius forsan aget deinceps cum suis adversariis. Ejus vehementior impetus bonis & gravibus dudum improbatus est: sed non solet facilem se præbere amicorum monitis; uti nec alii plurimi præstantissimi viri, qui se suaque amant, & privatis affectibus indulgent. Hodie ad Bochartum scribam, & faciam ut resciscat pronum erga se Blawii animum. Si quæ sint icones sculpendæ, erunt omnino paucæ. Sed crescit opus inter manus auctoris, qui dum illud nitidius describit, ut operarum laborem minuat, multæ ex libris Arabicis præsertim addit, Latinis Græcis aliisque Europæis hactenus ignorata. Aderam heri Præsidi Belleuræo, qui destinatur ad Ordines Foederat- tos extra ordinem Legatus: nec istud onus abnuit vir sapientissimus; quoque magis idoneus ad negotii de quo agitur procurationem mitti non potest. Tui injecta mentione cognovi quanti te faceret; adeo ut diceret, si tum cum dis- cessit Blondellus potuissem apud Magnates, quod jam possum, nunquam si- vissem eum e Gallia discedere: quin aperte intercessissem iis conditionibus, quas
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CL. SARRAVIUS I would judge them so. I congratulate you that you have there found a printer who is honest and well-to-do; nor could he better ennoble his type than with a more excellent and more saleable book. Writings of that sort, since they pass through many authors, please everyone, because each finds there what suits his own palate. Concerning Seneca the Tragic poet, you seem to have laid aside your care for him, so completely are you silent about him. Take care not to do so. For since you have the means by which you can improve and adorn him, he is not unworthy of your care and affection. Go on then to deserve well of Seneca in that too. Indeed I see that in those regions you alone excel, and exercise an erudite critical judgment. For I would not compare to you those who have lately prepared editions of Florus, Suetonius, Curtius, and other authors. The mere elegance of the type recommends those editions, not the labor of those who present them to us so beautifully and neatly polished. But you think higher things, and penetrate into the very depths: may you do so for a long time, to your glory and the public good, I pray God from my heart. Farewell, and continue to love me. Paris, 12 November, CICINCL. EPISTOLA CCLIV. CL. SARRAVIUS To David Blondel. Amsterdam. So let whatever you wish be done regarding your Chiffletian matters: henceforth you will hear nothing from me to the contrary. It is good, however, that you have put them to the press; for that will at last compel you to bring them to an end, urgent as is the present printer, lest each man’s own labor remain unfinished. I shall add to this sheet a few excerpts from Petavius’s Appendix, which will be worth reading until you have the book itself; and I do not doubt that Cramoisy will see to sending it there at once. Although the business of sending books by sea is a slow one. Salmasius continues ill at Stockholm, as his wife writes to me: for neither I nor anyone else has had any letter from him since he arrived there. What you write about him is most true. Perhaps he will act more gently and cautiously in future toward his adversaries. His more vehement outbursts have long been disapproved by good and serious men; but he is not usually easy to bring to accept the admonitions of friends, as are also many other excellent men, who love themselves and their own interests, and indulge private affections. Today I shall write to Bochart, and I shall make sure that he learns of Blauw’s kindly disposition toward him. If there are any illustrations to be engraved, there will certainly be only a few. But the work grows in the hands of the author, who, while he describes it more neatly in order to lessen the labor of the printers, adds many things from Arabic books in particular, and from Latin, Greek, and other European works hitherto unknown. Yesterday I was with President Belleuræus, who is appointed as extraordinary ambassador to the States General: and that most wise man did not refuse the burden; nor could a more suitable man be sent for the conduct of the business in question. From your mention of him I learned how highly he esteemed you; so much so that he said that if, when Blondel departed, I could have done at court what I can now do, I would never have allowed him to leave France: indeed, I would have openly intervened on those conditions, which
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EPISTOLA. 247 quas ipse bonas, honestas & tutas judicasset. Memmius Avauxius fato functus est ante octiduum maxima Regni jactura. Maussacus etiam , dysuria, quam velicæ sectione medici curare voluerunt, extinctus. Tu vale cum tua quam felicissime & me amare perge. Lutetia Parisior. XXVI. Novembr. CICICL. EPSITOLA CCLV. CL. SARRAVIUS Isaaco Vossio. Holmiam I Am accipio litteras tuas, quibus meis respondes, quas ad te XXII. proxime præteriti Octobris scripseram. Illæ autem de aliis tuis, quas ad me dedisse te memoras, mentionem faciunt, quas tamen nullus vidi. Nescio qui factum sit ut in via hæserint. Nolo enim credere eas periisse, quod sane mihi molestissimum accideret. Ex posterioribus enim colligo priores tuas meminisse earum, quas te auctore & fundo ad Incomparabilem Reginam ausus sum insigni audacia, adhuc æger, scribere. Vehementer autem scire desidero, quæ fuerit earum fortuna, & quo vultu acceptæ fuerint. Ne tamen existimem eas successu caruisse, facit quod ais Serenissimam Reginam de respondendo cogitasse: quod si quidquam aliquando, erit certe mihi non tantum gratum, sed etiam gloriosum. Sed dum divinas illas lineas expecto, grave tibi non sit amicissime Vossi, rursum mihi scribere, quod prioribus illis tuis jam me rescire ea de re voluisti. Quamvis enim illis nolim male ominari, vereor tamen ne serius in manus meas deveniant: & licet statim earum futurus sim compos, non insuave fuerit audire. De libris autem & libellis istuc mittendis faciam omnino quod præscribis. Cappellus Bootio respondit: liber Salmurii excuditur. Ejus collega Amyraldus scripsit sermone vulgari eximiam Paraphrasim in Euangelium Joannis, quæ nuper admodum prodiit. Bidalio a me dabitur cum duobus Tomis Petavianis. Minutum nihil habeo quod per cui sores mittatur. Perge quæso de Salmasio aliquid narrare: nescio quare amicos Parisienses oblivioni mandaverit. Sed modo sciamus cum valere & aliquid se & Regina, apud quam degit, dignum commentari, satis erit nobis. Ei a me si placet multam salutem: tibi quoque Vir Amicissime. Regina vero omnia fausta & optata bene precari nunquam desinam; nec quæcunque jusserit animo promtissimo & deditissimo exequi. Utinam autem paria votis meis ejus causa præstare possem. Vale & me amare perge tui semper studiosissimum. Lut. Paris. XXIV. Dec. CICICL. EPI-
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LETTER 247 which he himself had judged good, honorable, and safe. Memmius Avauxius has died eight days ago, to the great loss of the Kingdom. Maussacus also, from dysuria, which the physicians had tried to cure by lithotomy, has perished. Farewell, with yours as happily as possible, and continue to love me. Paris, 26 November, CICICL. LETTER CCLV. CL. SARRAVIUS To Isaac Vossius. at Stockholm I have received your letter, in which you reply to mine, which I had written to you on the 22nd of last October. But that letter mentions others of yours, which you say that you had sent to me, though I have seen none of them. I do not know how it happened that they have stuck on the way. For I am unwilling to believe that they have perished, which would indeed be most distressing to me. From your later letter I infer that the earlier ones concerned those to which, at your urging and encouragement, I dared, though still ill, to write with remarkable boldness to the Incomparable Queen. I greatly desire to know what became of them, and with what countenance they were received. Yet that I may not suppose they failed of success, your saying that the Most Serene Queen had thought of replying gives me reason; and if anything ever comes of it, it will certainly be not only gratifying to me, but glorious as well. But while I await those divine lines, do not think it troublesome, most friendly Vossius, to write to me again what you have already wished me to learn from those earlier letters of yours on that subject. For although I do not wish ill omens for them, I fear nevertheless that they may reach my hands too late; and although I shall immediately have them in my possession, it will not be unpleasant to hear of them. As for the books and pamphlets to be sent there, I shall certainly do whatever you prescribe. Cappellus has replied to Bootius: the book is being printed at Saumur. His colleague Amyraldus has written, in the vernacular, an excellent Paraphrasis on the Gospel of John, which has very recently appeared. I shall give Bidal to him together with the two Petavian volumes. I have nothing small that could be sent by your couriers. Please go on telling me something about Salmasius: I do not know why he has consigned his Parisian friends to oblivion. But as long as we know that he is well and that he is composing something worthy of himself and of the Queen, at whose court he is staying, that will be enough for us. If you please, give him my warm greetings; and to you too, most friendly Sir. I shall never cease to wish all prosperity and what is desired for the Queen; nor to carry out with the most prompt and devoted spirit whatever she commands. Oh, if only I could accomplish things for her cause equal to my wishes. Farewell, and continue to love me, you who are always most devoted to you. Paris, 24 December, CICICL. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVI EPISTOLA CCLVI. C.L. SARRAVIUS Isaaco Vossio. Holmiem. Impatienter expecto fasciculum, quem reddere mihi debet nauta, qui cum te accepit. Interea pascam mentem & oculos aspectu & lectione regiarum literarum, quas cum tuis heri accepi. Beasti me amicissime Vossi ingenti & inexpectata felicitate. Quid enim illis suavius! quid humanius! quid amabilius! In illis nemo me agnoscat, adeo est supra sortem meam, quod me tanto honore dignata sit; dum nempè iis verbis me compellat, quæ regiæ fortunæ minus convenire viderentur, nisi in tanta sublimitate magnum quoque esset etiam infimos comiter affari. Quam blande autem mecum agat cogitare non possum, quin animum meum subeat infinitæ virtutis admiratio. Cæterum Gallicam nostram linguam expedite eloquitur & cum summa facilitate & elegantia. Bene sit Suediæ, cui talem Dominam habere contigit, & diu habeat opto & præcor. Non ausim autem ejus Majestati rescribere, nisi iterum auctor sis. Sed sciat quæso, me ejus futurum quamdiu vivam cultorem studiosissimum & ad omnia servitia paratissimum. Ante mensem Bidalio tradideram Origines Menagii per cursores uti significaveras, ad te mittendas; quas tamen insuper habitis monitis meis, misit tantum cum Manuscriptis codicibus Petavii Senatoris. Quod dico non ut ejus factum culpem, crassior enim est liber, quam ut per veredos mittendus fuerit, sed quia ita volueras, volo etiam mihi apud te constare officii rationem. Heri ingenti vulnere percussa est Gallia & præsertim Senatus noster morte Præsidis Memmii, Avauxii fratris, cui sex septimanas tantum superfuit. Iruallius trium fratrum natu minimus in dignitatis honorem succedet. Patrono suo orbatus Henricus Valesius de Suedica profectione facilius cogitabit & statuet. Bodini librum cujus meministi non habeo, nec habent Puteani: sed scio ubi extet &c curabo statim atque eum habuero, ut diligentissime describatur. Interea vide de isto opere Magni Grotii judicium in collectione ejus Epistolarum ad Gallos epistola CLVII pag. 431 & 432: & habeat in mandatus Bidalius mittendi per cursores, quæ per hujusmodi viam istuc destinabo. Salmasius vel non potest vel non vult ad nos scribere, Parisiensium videtur omnem memoriam abjecisse. Semel tantum, aut saltem bis, ejus uxor meam compellavit, ex quo Holmiam appulere: itaque rem mihi feceris gratissimam si de ejus rebus, & præsertim valetudine diligenter perscripseris. Amici te salutant, ego quoque, qui semper tuus id [mercur]ialis [aurum] [sulphur] [mercur]ialis. Vale & me amare perge. Lutetia Parisior. xxx. Decembr. CICIDEL. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVI EPISTOLA CCLVI. C.L. SARRAVIUS To Isaac Vossius. Stockholm. I impatiently await the packet which the sailor who received it with you ought to bring back to me. Meanwhile I shall feed my mind and eyes with the sight and reading of the royal letters, which I received yesterday along with yours. Most friendly Vossius, you have blessed me with a great and unexpected happiness. For what could be sweeter, what more humane, what more amiable? In them let no one recognize me, so far is it above my station that she has deigned to honor me so greatly; indeed, when she addresses me with words that would seem less fitting to royal fortune, unless in such sublimity it were also a great thing to speak kindly even to the lowest. How graciously, moreover, she deals with me, I cannot think without my mind being filled with admiration for her boundless virtue. Besides, she speaks our French language fluently, with the greatest ease and elegance. Good fortune to Sweden, which has had the good luck to possess such a Lady, and may it long keep her, I pray and beseech. Yet I would not dare to write back to Her Majesty unless you again authorize me. But I beg that she may know that, as long as I live, I shall be her most devoted admirer and ready for every service. A month ago I had handed over the Origins of Menagius to Bidalius, to be sent to you by couriers as you had indicated; but, disregarding my warnings, he sent them only together with the manuscript codices of Senator Petavius. I say this not to blame him for what he did, for the book is too bulky to be sent by post-horses, but because you had so wished it, I also wish to preserve my sense of duty before you. Yesterday France, and especially our Senate, suffered a grievous blow by the death of President Memmius, brother of Avaux, who survived him only six weeks. Iruallius, the youngest of the three brothers, will succeed to the dignity. Deprived of his patron, Henricus Valesius will think and decide more easily about the journey to Sweden. I do not have the book of Bodin you mentioned, nor do the Puteani; but I know where it exists, and I shall take care, as soon as I have obtained it, that it be copied most carefully. Meanwhile, see the judgment of the great Grotius on that work in the collection of his Letters to the French, letter CLVII, pages 431 and 432; and let Bidalius have instructions to send by couriers whatever I shall direct there by such a route. Salmasius either cannot or will not write to us; he seems to have cast off all memory of the Parisians. Only once, or at least twice, his wife addressed me, since they came to Stockholm; therefore you will do me a most welcome favor if you write carefully about his affairs and especially his health. Your friends send greetings; I too, who am always yours id [mercur]ialis [aurum] [sulphur] [mercur]ialis. Farewell, and continue to love me. Paris, the thirtieth of December, CICIDEL. EPI-
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EPISTOLA. EPISTOLA CCLVII. CL. SARRAVIUS Davidi Blondello. Amstelodamum. Experientia propria edoctus, Vir Reverende ac Præstantissime, scio quanta sit boni fratris jactura: idcirco magis doleo vicem tuam, quod tui ad plures discessum lugere cogaris. Sed quid agas; hac lege vivimus, ut quandocunque DEUS jusserit, voluerit, nos mori oporteat. Hanc fati necessitatem sensit heri Præses Memmius vetus amicus noster. A vauxii Fratris obitum ubi videt, Du- rior, inquit, hic istus, quam ut ei ferendo par esse possim, aut diutius super- esse Septem tantum dies ægrotavit. Universa Gallia, sed præsertim Senatus noster, fert ejus obitum cum summo animi mærore. Valebat enim auctoritate, & facundia cum usu rerum conjuncta, quæ ejus consiliis magnum pondus adde- bat. Iruallius Frater e tribus solus superstes, in dignitatis honorem succedet. Gaudeo istic esse Petavi De Incarnatione volumina; ex quibus cognosces num & quomodo te respondere oporteat. Nolim sane ut gravioribus omisis de istis cogites. Sed si aliquando id facere decreveris, de Salmasio nihil omnino tibi dicendum erit, sua ipse defendat: & appendicis vice responsio tua majori operi accedat. Utinam ferio facias quod ais te meditari, ut scilicet Chiffletiana tua abiicias. Improbus enim iste labor, quamvis omnibus Gallis utilis, paucis tamen gratus erit, quia pauci id est vel duo vel nemo, ejus meritum intelligent. Interea perierit tibi in eo opere multum temporis, quod melioribus deberi videbatur. Belleuræus paratus est istuc proficisci; sed dum eide viatico gaza regia non prospicit, lentum est omne istud negocium. Bene autem feceris si Hagam ejus videndi causa, postquam eo venerit, excurras. Est enim vir humanissimus, & qui viros eruditione insignes, qualis tu es inprimis; magni facit. Quid in Suedia agat amicus noster, nondum scire potui. Ab incomparabili regni istius Regina accepi nudiustertius literas admodum civiles: & si quid in eis culpare liceret, humanitatis & mansuetudinis excessum improbarem. Sed quia rarum est hoc in tanto fastigio vitium, ideo facile & nullo periculo omittetur. Valent omnes amici: valet etiam familia, quæ te cum tua salvere cupit. Ego inprimis, quem ut amare pergas etiam atque etiam rogo. Lut. Parisior. xxx. Decembr. C13. DCL. EPISTOLA CCLVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Isaaco Vossio. Holmiam. T Ristani Sanctamantii scriptum contentiosum, & non ineruditum hic habes; in quo bonus Sirmondus male habetur. Ita vivitur & difficile est servare modum. Mitto etiam Vindicias Catholicorum Hibernia, quibus multa Ii coni-
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EPISTLE. EPISTLE CCLVII. CL. SARRAVIUS To David Blondel. Amsterdam. Having learned by my own experience, Reverend and most distinguished Sir, how great is the loss of a good brother, I therefore grieve the more for your condition, since you are compelled to lament the departure of yours to many. But what can one do? We live under this law, that whenever GOD has ordered and willed it, we must die. Yesterday President Memmius, our old friend, felt this necessity of fate. When he saw the death of the Brother of Vaux, “This blow,” he said, “is too harsh for me to bear, or to survive much longer.” He had been ill only seven days. All France, but especially our Senate, bears his death with the greatest sorrow of mind. For he was strong in authority, and in eloquence joined with practical experience, which gave great weight to his counsels. Brother Iruallius, the only survivor of the three, will succeed to the honor of the dignity. I am glad that you have there Petau’s volumes On the Incarnation; from them you will learn whether and how you ought to answer. I would certainly not wish you to think of those matters without considering more serious things. But if at some point you decide to do so, you will have nothing at all to say about Salmasius; let him defend himself: and let your reply, in the manner of an appendix, be added to the larger work. Would that you carried out in earnest what you say you are thinking of, namely, to throw aside your Chiffletian labors. For that work, though useful to all the French, will nevertheless be welcome to few, because few—indeed either two or no one—will understand its merit. Meanwhile much time would be lost to you in that undertaking, time that seemed better owed to better things. Belleuræus is ready to set out there; but so long as the royal treasury does not provide him with travel expenses, the whole business is slow. However, you will do well if, after he arrives there, you make a trip to The Hague in order to see him. For he is a most courteous man, and one who highly esteems learned men, such as you are above all. What our friend is doing in Sweden I have not yet been able to learn. The day before yesterday I received very civil letters from the incomparable Queen of that kingdom; and if I were allowed to find fault with anything in them, I would object to their excess of humanity and gentleness. But since this is a rare fault in so high a station, it will therefore be easily and without danger passed over. All the friends are well; the family also is well, and wishes you and yours health. I especially do so, and beg you again and again to continue to love me. Paris, Dec. 30, 1650. EPISTLE CCLVIII. CL. SARRAVIUS To Isaac Vossius. Stockholm. Here you have T. Ristanius’s contentious and not unlearned writing, in which good Sirmondus is badly treated. Thus do men live, and it is difficult to keep proper measure. I am also sending the Vindiciae Catholicorum Hiberniae, in which many Ii coni-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Isaaco Vossio. Helmiam. S[i]r qui sint libri in hac Bibliographia, & erunt procul dubio aliquot, quos habere velis, statim atque monueris ad te mittentur. Qui dicuntur prodiisse hoc anno 1651. nondum prodiere; sed brevi prodibunt & antequam rescripseris. Nondum advenit navis Suedica, quæ mihi tabulam Regiam adfert, & vereor ne ea æternum caream. Audio enim coactos nautas ad Angliæ littora appellere, ibi detineri: quo inhumano facinore, vota mea frustrata video cum summo animi mærore. Valeat tamen incomparabilis Regina, Tu quoque Præstantissime Vossi, & me amare perge tui semper studiosissimum. Lutetia Parisior. XXVIII. Ianuar. CICLI. Quas ad me mittes litteras, include fasciculo Bidalii, qui diligentius eas ad me curabit, quam soleant tabellariorum famuli. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS To Isaac Vossius. Helmia. Sir, whatever books there may be in this Bibliography, and there will no doubt be some that you would like to have, as soon as you notify me they will be sent to you. Those said to have been published in this year 1651 have not yet appeared; but they will appear soon, and before you reply. The Swedish ship has not yet arrived, bringing me the Royal table, and I fear that I may be deprived of it forever. For I hear that the sailors were forced to put in at the shores of England and are being detained there: by this inhuman deed I see my wishes frustrated, to my great sorrow. May the incomparable Queen nevertheless prosper; and you too, most excellent Vossius. And continue to love me, your ever most devoted friend. Paris, 28 January, CICLI. Whatever letters you send me, enclose them in Bidalius’s packet, for he will take care of them more diligently than the attendants of the postmen usually do. EPI-
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EPISTOLA. EPISTOLA CCLX. CL. SARRAVIUS. Isaac Vossio. Helmiam. Bodini de abditis rerum sublimium arcanis, hunc tantum quem jam mitto li- brum, primum hactenus nancisci potui. Eum olim ex auctoris autographo, qui tum erat Joannis Cordesii, descripsit Ardisius vir doctus in Castelleto, quod vocatur, Consilarius. Priusquam autem reliqua perfecisset, repetitus est liber, qui jam nuspiam comparet. Dicunt Cordesii ex sorore nepotem eum secum in quemdam Lemovicensem pagum asportasse: Scd quid isto nepote factum sit ne- scitur. Dicunt alii scriptum horribilis carminis visum flammis ultricibus esse da- tum: certe esse dandum, potius quam cum quoquam communicandum. Præ- side Memmio vita functo fiet, ut moris est, descriptio omnium ejus mobilium, quæ inter etiam librorum Valesius suam operam pollicitus est isti apographo recipiendo, quod inde expectare par est. Quamvis enim omnem adhibuerim diligentiam in eo investigando neminem tamen novi, apud quem cubet vellateat. Pergam tamen quærere, & forsan ejus compos fiam, quando de eo reperiundo spem, non sane curam deposuero. Superiora ita explicare opor- tuit, ut scires me omnem movere lapidem, ut Maximæ Reginæ inserviam; quod porro libenter faciam & cum summo studio. Aliud jam dicam, quod licet te- nue, tamen cum voluptate scribam. Uxor mea, partu novissimo filiam pepe- rit, quam, sacro fonte dum abluitur, in honorem Summæ & Incomparabilis Reginæ nominari volui CHRISTINAM. Factum id postrema die Do- minica, Carentoni, in publico Ecclesiæ nostræ coetu. Quamvis enim sit Gallis nostris fere inusitatum istud nomen, is est tamen apud me ejus honor & re- verentia, ut gavisus sim hanc mihi datam, imo natam occasionem illud familiæ meæ inserendi. Quærentibus autem quæ sit istius denominationis ratio, non invitus excurro in laudes divinæ vestræ Principis, cujus quoties filiam meam videro, meminisse juvabit. Nondum nautanec proindeicon regia, aut numismata ad- venere; nequeliteræ: quæ omnia dudum impatienter expecto. Male sit istis Insularibus, qui tamdiu gaudia nostra morantur. Sciat quæso immortali vita, sicut & fama, dignissima Regina, me ejus semper fore cultorem addictissimum. Vale tu & me amare perge Tui quoque amantissimum. Lut. Parisior. 111. Februar. 1313 C L I. EPISTOLA CCLXI. CL. SARRAVIUS Davidi Blondello. Amstelodamum. M Erito Menantii nostri acerbum & infælicem casum deploras, Vir Reve- rende & Præstantissime. Magna quippe in isto amico nostro jactura factæ est. Ii 2
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EPISTLE. EPISTLE CCLX. CL. SARRAVIUS. To Isaac Vossius. Helmian. Bodin’s On the Hidden Secrets of Sublime Things , the only book I have now managed to obtain, I have at last procured. It was once copied from the author’s autograph, which at that time belonged to Johannes Cordesius, by Ardisius, a learned man at Castillet, as it is called, Counselor. But before he had finished the rest, the book was taken back, and now it appears nowhere. They say that Cordesius’s nephew by his sister carried it off with him into some village in Limousin; but what has become of that nephew is unknown. Others say the manuscript of that terrible poem was seen to be delivered to avenging flames: certainly it ought to be given to them rather than communicated to anyone. After the death of President Memmius, there will be, as is customary, an inventory of all his movable property, and among it of his books; Valesius has promised his help in obtaining that copy, which we may reasonably expect from that source. For although I have used every effort in searching for it, I know no one, however, in whose possession it lies hidden or lies concealed. Still I shall continue to look, and perhaps I shall obtain it, since I have not abandoned the hope of finding it, though certainly not the care. I ought to have explained what I said above so that you would know that I am moving every stone, so to speak, in order to serve the Most Excellent Queen; which I shall gladly do, and with the greatest zeal. I shall now say something else, which, though slight, I shall nevertheless write with pleasure. My wife, in her latest confinement, has given birth to a daughter, whom, while she is being washed at the sacred font, I wished to have named CHRISTINA in honor of the Supreme and Incomparable Queen. This was done on the last Sunday, at Carentoni, in the public assembly of our church. Although this name is almost unused among our French, such is nevertheless my esteem and reverence for her, that I rejoiced that this opportunity was given to me, indeed born to me, of inserting it into my family. And when those ask what the reason of this naming is, I do not hesitate to launch into the praises of your divine Princess, whom, whenever I see my daughter, it will be a pleasure to remember. Neither the ship nor the royal token, nor the medals, have yet arrived; nor have the letters: all of which I have long been impatiently expecting. May ill befall those islanders who delay our joys so long. May the Queen, most worthy of immortal life as well as fame, know, I pray, that I shall always be her most devoted worshipper. Farewell, and continue to love me, you who are also most beloved by me. Paris, 11 February 1313. CLI. EPISTLE CCLXI. CL. SARRAVIUS To David Blondel. Amsterdam. You rightly lament our Menantius’s bitter and unhappy misfortune, Reverend and Most Distinguished Sir. For a great loss has indeed been suffered in that friend of ours. Ii 2
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CL SARRAVI est. Quid eo factum sit juxta cum ignorissimis scio, adeo varii de eo sparguntur rumores; qui tamen eo fere recidunt [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n], utrumlibet sane miserat one dignissimum. Ejus pietatis insignis & in vera fide constantiæ possum me jactare testem idoneum: quo sit ut quoties de eo cogito, cogito autem sæpissime, toties animum meum subeat nescio quis horror humanæ imbecillitatis, quando præsertim DEUS nos nobis permittit. Rivetus stadium suum decurrerat, & possit Ecclesia carere Schola Bredana, si ejus casu ruitura est: Tot enim in provinciis vestris sunt hujusmodi , ut sua copia laborent; satisque sit ea redigi ad minorem numerum. Quid faciat in Suedia amicus noster ex tuis poene solis literis intelligo: ipse enim videtur sibi silentium indixisse: nullas sane ex quo ibi degit ab eo habuimus. Rem autem mihi feceris gratissimam, si perrexeris me monere de iis quæ de illo cognoveris. Filia mea, quando & hoc scire desideras, dudum me fecit avum. Peperit enim Augusto præterito filium qui valet, & cum bono DEO vitaliserit. De studiis tuis nihil omnino scripsisti, quod tamen præcipue scire laboro: quando vide- licet auspicaturus sis tuas publicas lectiones; quodque earum, quod etiam privatarum tuarum lucubrationum argumentum; quæ quæso diligenter exponas mihi valde velim; num etiam Dallæi nostri opuscula prælo suo commiserit Blavvius, nam Albertini grande opuspræcedere debent. Heri & hodie omnia hic festivitatis plena, reversis Franciscopoli Principibus captivis. In Senatu nostro Condæus & Contius fratres hodie federunt, & debitas pro sua libertate nobis egerunt gratias. Tanto autem applausu excepti sunt, ut usque ad Panum Dionysianum populus fere totus obviam effusus procurreret. Faxit DEUS ut hic reditus concordiam regiæ familiæ sanciat, auctoritatem regiam firmet, pacemque cum privatam tum publicam procuret & pariat. Opto te cum tua benevalere Lut. Paris. XVII. Feb. CICERO. EPISTOLA CCLXIL SACRÆ MAJESTATI Serenissima ac Potentissima SUEDIÆ REGINÆ. Holmiam. SERENISSIMA REGINA, Advolutus genibus tuis, apud Majestatem tuam supplex deprecor alteram hanc temeritatis meæ culpam; qua rursum audeo tibi esse molestus. Sed animum mihi addidit insignis & poene uimia illa tua bonitas, quam eximiam haud ita pridem expertus sum, quando prioribus literis meis respondere voluisti. Tuis enim ita sum affectus, cum eas primum legerem, ut mei vix compos essem, adeo in eis omnia excelsa & laudabilia, supra famam & fidem. Postquam vero eas iterumque iterumque ex intervallo revolvi, animum meum subiit non vulgaris admiratio tot variarum virtutum in te congestarum. Ita enim te deprimis, ut semper Maxima sis & videaris: ita rursum dignitatem summam tuam tueris, ut vel infimis, quales ego
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CL SARRAVI As to what has happened there, I know no more than the least informed; so many rumors are spread about it. Yet they mostly come down to this: [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n] [n]o[n], either way indeed, it is a most worthy one of sorrow. I can boast that I am a reliable witness to his remarkable piety and steadfastness in the true faith: so that whenever I think of him, and I think of him very often, there comes over my mind I know not what horror at human weakness, especially when GOD leaves us to ourselves. Rivetus had run his course, and the Church can manage without the Breda School, if it is to fall with his misfortune: there are so many men of this sort in your provinces that they are burdened by their own abundance; it is enough if they are reduced to a smaller number. What our friend is doing in Sweden I gather almost entirely from your letters alone: for he seems to have imposed silence on himself; indeed we have had none from him since he has been there. But you will do me a very great kindness if you continue to inform me of what you learn about him. My daughter, since you also wish to know this, made me a grandfather long ago. For in August just past she gave birth to a son, who is well, and, with God’s help, will live. You have written nothing at all about your studies, which, however, I am especially eager to know: namely, when you are to begin your public lectures; and what will be the subject both of those and of your private labors; which, I beg you, I should very much like you to set out carefully for me. Also, has Blavius entrusted to his press the little works of our Dallæus, for Albertini’s large work ought to come before them. Yesterday and today everything here has been full of festivity, with the captive princes returned from Franciscopolis. In our Senate today Condæus and Contius the brothers sat, and gave us the thanks due for their liberty. They were received with such applause that the people almost all rushed out as far as the Pan of Dionysius to meet them. May GOD grant that this return may secure peace in the royal family, strengthen royal authority, and procure and bring forth peace, both private and public. I wish that you and yours may be well. Paris, 17 February. CICERO. EPISTLE CCLXII TO HER SACRED MAJESTY To the Most Serene and Most Powerful Queen of Sweden. Stockholm. MOST SERENE QUEEN, Kneeling at your feet, I humbly beg Your Majesty to pardon this second offense of my boldness, by which I again dare to trouble you. But your remarkable and almost excessive goodness, which I not long ago experienced when you were pleased to reply to my earlier letters, has encouraged me. For I was so affected by your letters when I first read them that I could scarcely keep my composure, so lofty and praiseworthy were all things in them, beyond rumor and belief. But after I read them again and again at intervals, my mind was struck by an uncommon admiration for the many various virtues heaped together in you. For so much do you humble yourself that you are always and seem the greatest; and again you guard your highest dignity so that even the lowest, such as I am
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EPISTOLÆ. 253 ego imprimis, te æquiparare non dedigneris. Absit tamen a moribus meis, & sane abest quam longissime, ut ita mihi met sim ignotus, ut intelligam excessum humanitatis tuæ. Non ibo per singula Epistolæ tuæ capita, sed unum tantum leviter attingam, quo tamen plenissime constet de ista tua incredibili humilitate. Gloriosum mihi fore arbitratus tueram, aliqua tibi inservire, ideoque ex animo totum me tibi addixeram. Tu vero me non ut Dominus servum, non ut Patronus clientem aut libertum, sed ut amicus amicum habere vis. Pace tua DOCTISSIMA ET SAPIENTISSIMA REGINA, me videris ignorare: Amicus enim tuus dici recuso: apprime gnarus discriminis quod intercedit inter fastigii sublimitatem, & hominis privati tenuem fortunam; & inter adeo disparata amicitiam convenire non posse. Sim ergo, quando ita gratum est, tuus, sed meis non tuis conditionibus; liceatque mihi pretium ponere rei & personæ meæ. Obsequio meo, quod proprium feci Majestati tuæ, utere, MAXIMA REGINARUM, sed ea lege qua tibi sum auctoratus. Possum quippe per tonam sustinere humillimi servi & obsequentissimi; non possum autem, nec si possum velim, alterius invidiosi nominis, quo nimis premerer. Imperabis ergo jure tuo, ego parebo libenter, & decorum mihi erit & jucundum mandata tua implere. Faciam certe quod potero, sicut nuper feci in tibi comparanda libraria suppellectile Memmiana. Hactenus negat Præses Iruallius & reluctatur, quanquam civiliter: sed vidua binarum filiarum mater, rei familiaris augendæ, quamvis in re admodum lauta, studiosissima, favet empturienti Bidilio, qui egregiam, ut solet, Majestati Tuæ navat operam, uti & Valesius in ea domo dudum familiaris. Hoc negotium cum tempore maturescet, illudque quantum fieri poterit calefaciam: sed nondum, ut ajunt, absoluto catalogo in quo lente festinatur, difficile sit certi aliquid ea de re pronunciare. Cæterum DOMINA, gratias ago tibi summas pro multis tuis erga me beneficiis, Pro humanissimis LITERIS PROPRIA TUA MANUSCRIPTIS, PRO TABULA DIVINI VULTUS TUI, & PRO NUMMO AUREO TUÆ CORONATIONIS. Poteras ista seorsim distribuendo, plures gratiarum actiones mereri; Aliquis diceret manu oportuille ferere, non ipso sacco. Tu vero liberalitate & magnificentia veterum & recentiorum exempla, non tantum provocas, sed etiam superas, novamque benefaciendi viam aperis, quam verendum non est ne nimis multi ingrediantur. IN LITERIS TUIS jucundissimum fuit videre faciles doctissimæ tux manus ductus & elegantes apices. vulgarisque nostri Gallici sermonis facundiam ipsis indigenis parem: sed præcipue sublimia animi sensa & meram bonitatem gratissimum fuit cognoscere. IN DIVINI VULTUS TUI IMAGINE, faciem vere dignam imperio, in qua gravitas cum comitate suaviter conjuncta est, libentissime intuemur. IN NUMISMATE TUÆ INAUGURATIONIS, populorum omnium vota coelo tandem exaudita Majestati tux ipsisque gratulamur. Nec enim sacro-sanctus & splendidus iste Coronationis ritus, mera est, quod quidam somniant, cæremonia, quæ dicis causa pera- li 3
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EPISTLES. 253 I would not disdain, above all, to rank myself after you. Yet far be it from my character, and indeed it is very far from it, that I should be so little known to myself as not to understand the excess of your kindness. I will not go through each separate point of your letter, but shall touch on only one, and that briefly, though from it your incredible humility may nevertheless be fully seen. I had considered it glorious for me to be of some service to you, and therefore from my heart I had devoted myself wholly to you. But you wish to have me, not as a lord has a servant, not as a patron has a client or freedman, but as a friend has a friend. With your leave, MOST LEARNED AND MOST WISE QUEEN, you seem to me to misjudge me: for I refuse to be called your friend, being fully aware of the distinction that exists between the sublimity of exalted rank and the modest fortune of a private man; and that friendship cannot be fitting between things so unequal. Let me then, since it is so pleasing, be yours, but on my terms, not yours; and let me be allowed to place a value on both my service and my person. Use my obedience, which I have made proper to Your Majesty, MOST EXCELLENT OF QUEENS, but on that condition by which I am bound to you. For I can indeed bear the name of a most humble and most obedient servant; but I cannot, nor even if I could would I wish to bear, another name that would arouse envy and weigh too heavily upon me. Therefore command by your right, and I shall gladly obey; and it will be both fitting and pleasing to me to carry out your orders. I shall certainly do what I can, as I recently did in procuring for you the Memmian library furnishings. Thus far President Iruallius denies and resists, though civilly; but the widow, mother of two daughters, very eager to increase her household means, though in a matter of considerable luxury, favours Bidilius, the purchaser, who, as usual, renders excellent service to Your Majesty, as does Valesius, long familiar in that house. This business will ripen in due time, and I shall warm it up as much as I can: but since, as they say, the catalogue is not yet completed, in which haste proceeds slowly, it would be difficult to pronounce anything certain on the matter. Moreover, LADY, I give you my deepest thanks for your many kindnesses toward me, for your most gracious LETTERS WRITTEN BY YOUR OWN HAND, for THE PICTURE OF YOUR DIVINE FACE, and for THE GOLD COIN OF YOUR CORONATION. If you had distributed these separately, you could have deserved many more expressions of thanks; someone might say that one should hand things out with the hand, not from the sack itself. But you, by your liberality and magnificence, not only call forth but even surpass the examples of the ancients and moderns, and open a new path of beneficence, which need not be feared lest too many enter it. IN YOUR LETTERS it was most delightful to see the easy penmanship of your most learned hand and the elegant strokes, and the eloquence of our common French speech equal to that of native speakers; but above all it was most gratifying to recognize the lofty sentiments of your mind and your pure goodness. IN THE IMAGE OF YOUR DIVINE FACE, we most gladly behold a countenance truly worthy of rule, in which gravity is sweetly joined with graciousness. IN THE COIN OF YOUR INAUGURATION, we congratulate Your Majesty and yourselves, since the prayers of all peoples have at last been heard by heaven. For that most holy and splendid rite of Coronation is not merely, as some dream, a ceremony which, so to speak, ...
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CL. SARRAVIUS peragitur; sed est verum foedus, quod initur inter Principem & subditos: unde sit ut ille legitime præsit, illi vero debitum cultum præstare teneantur. Diu-tissime autem duret sacrum istud vinculum, quod nulla malignitate autdiscordia solvatur: quin potius in dies fortius stringatur; ut tui populi, Te Domina, floreant & vigeant; Tu vero in illorum obedientia æternum gaudeas, domi- neris, regnes foeliciter. Ita voveo & spero ego. TUA MAJESTATI Deditissimus ac devotissimus CL. SARRAVIUS. Lutetiæ Parisior XVII. Martii 1616 C.L. EPISTOLA CCLXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS Isaac Vossio. Holmiam. Non sine ratione dubitavi, an Serenissimæ Reginæ rescriberem: quamvis enim pro summa sua bonitate, non dedignata sit semel nostras lege-re literas, iisque respondere, verebar tamen ne sæpius eam compellando mole-stus evaderem. Cum vero tu, qui propius ejus animum nosti, suaseris hoc rursus subire periculum, arbitratus sum tuum consilium sequendo, me non posse errare. Referto ergo ejus Majestati, cui meas offeres, tunc cum mollissima fandi tem-pora, simul cum omn cultu & obsequio meo. Tandem aliquando , meo nomine signata tua manu, in meas devenit: quam præcellere cæteris facile credidi, tum quia ita tibi affirmanti facile assentior, tum quia aliis duabus est for-mosior. Miror in ea & modestiam in vultu singularem. Nummos quoque accepi, quorum unum mihi servavi; reliquos vero Dallæo, Gu-jeto, & Menagio tradidi, quiut puto gratias egerint. Hactenus aliquot libros ma-jores tradidi Bidalio tibi mittendos: sed negat cursor illis sarcinas suas implere: itaque serius eos habebis, cum forsan iis perierit gratia novitatis. Omnium Elenchum Bidalius statim mittet. Memmianam Bibliothecam quod attinet non-dum desperamus voti compotes fieri. Negat Præses Iruallius, sed defuncti Vi-dua, bonarum literarum rudis, mavult eam vendere quam retinere. Sed quia est admodum locuples, vereor ne duras admodum conditiones apponat, quas ta-men industria & patientia, quantum fieri poterit, e molliemus. Heinsi poema-ta & Claudianum etiam habuimus, pro quibus auctori pro sua liberalitate, & magis pro animo nostri semper memore gratias a te agi, ni grave est, velim: quod ut facias quæso precorque. Salmasium nostrum opto bene valere: nul-las adhuc ab eo Suedicas habuimus literas, quod faciet quando ei libuerit. Vale vir amicissime & præstantissime: & me amare perge Tui semper studiosissimum & amantissimum. Lut. Paris. XVII. Martii. 1616 C.L. 1616 C.L. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS is effected; but it is a true compact, entered into between a Prince and his subjects: whence it follows that the former may lawfully govern, while the latter are bound to render due obedience. May that sacred bond endure for a very long time, and be dissolved by no malice or discord; but rather be strengthened day by day, so that thy people, Lady, may flourish and prosper; and mayest thou, in their obedience, rejoice forever, and happily rule and reign. Thus do I vow and hope. TO YOUR MAJESTY Most devoted and dutiful, CL. SARRAVIUS. Paris, 17 March 1616 C.L. EPISTLE CCLXIII. CL. SARRAVIUS to Isaac Vossius. At Stockholm. I was not without reason doubtful whether I should write back to the Most Serene Queen; for although, by reason of her exceeding goodness, she did not disdain once to read our letters and to reply to them, I nevertheless feared lest by addressing her too often I might become troublesome. But since you, who know her mind more closely, have advised me to run this risk again, I judged that in following your counsel I could not err. Therefore convey to her Majesty, to whom you will present my letter, together with the gentlest occasion for speaking, and likewise with all my reverence and respect. At last, after some delay, yours, signed by your hand in my name, came into my possession: I readily believed it to surpass the others, both because I easily assent when you affirm it so, and because it is more beautiful than the other two. I admire in it both the singular modesty of the face. I have also received the coins, one of which I kept for myself; the rest I handed over to Dallæus, Gujetus, and Menagius, who, I think, have thanked you. So far I have delivered some larger books to Bidal for sending to you; but the messenger says he cannot fill his packs with them: so you will receive them later, when perhaps their novelty shall have lost its attraction. Bidal will send the index of all of them at once. As for the Memmian Library, we do not yet despair of achieving our wish. President Iruallius refuses, but the widow of the deceased, unversed in good letters, prefers to sell it rather than retain it. But since she is very wealthy, I fear she may impose very harsh conditions, which nevertheless, by diligence and patience, we shall soften as much as possible. We have also received Heinsius' poems and Claudian; for these I should wish, if it is not troublesome, that thanks be given to the author for his generosity, and even more for his ever-mindful regard for us through you: which I beg and pray you to do. I wish our Salmasius well. We have not yet had any letters from him from Sweden, though he will do so when it pleases him. Farewell, most friendly and excellent man, and continue to love me, most devoted and affectionate toward you forever. Paris, 17 March 1616 C.L. 1616 C.L. EPI-
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EPISTOLA. EPISTOLA CCLXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS Isaac Vossio. Holmiam. Fatebor tibi uni crimen meum, quod vide ne dispalescat. Quem ad Serenissimam Reginam mitto catalogum manuscriptorum codicum Bibliothecæ Memmianæ, nescio an furatus sim, quia nescio an invita domina eum contrectaverim; certe ea inscia eum habui & descripsi. In eo ne- que laudatum Varronem inveni, neque desideratum Bodini Dialogum, quos pro- cul dubio aliquis surripuerit. Venales sunt, sed in aurem tantum dicitur, nec auctioni publicæ permittuntur. Apposuerunt primo pretium, quod scribet Bi- dalius, erubesceret enim hæc charta si ei inscriberetur: postea dixerunt se ali- quatenus diminuere paratos. Fecit autem hæc pretii iniquitas ut existimaveri- mus ego & Bidalius negotium esse trahendum, ut cognoscant nos non cæco affectu duci erga rem poenæ ignotam. Quod enim mireris nondum potuimus ipsos codices inspicere, ut de eorum ætate, id est bonitate constaret. Quibus adscripsi lineolam scias ita vocari in catalogo, quo usus sum satis mendo. Sunt adhuc fere centum Gallici, qui apud me parui pretii, apud vos vero nullius fu- turi sunt. Omnes tamen habendi sunt, quia illis omisis nihil remitterent de pretio. Credat autem Serenissima Regina me omnem curam adhibiturum, ut voti compos fiat, ita tamen ut semper meminerim Pliniani dicti Mala emptio semper ingrata est; eo maxime quod exprobrare emptori stultitiam suam videa- tur. Vale & me amare perge Tui semper studiosissimum & amantissimum. Lutetiæ Parisiorum xxv. Martii CICIDC LI. EPISTOLA CCLXV. SACRAE MAJESTATI Serenissima ac Potentissima SUEDIÆ REGINÆ. Holmiam. SERENISSIMA REGINA, Mitto tibi quem hic habes, Catalogum Manuscriptorum codicum Græco- rum & Latinorum Bibliothecæ Memmianæ: Sunt præterea aliquot Gallici, quæ res nostras spectant; nullius usus istic futuri. Omnino eximia est ista li- braria suppellex: sed ei ponitur pretium adeo immensum & iniquum, ut cre- diderim venditores velle abuti laudabili tuo desiderio eam comparandi. Ita- que consultius & tutius judicavimus, trahere aliquot dies istud negotium, do- nec aliquid de isto suo malo animo remiserint. Hanc moram velis quæso pa- tienter ferre SERENISSIMA REGINA, & rescribere ocyus quid nos facere oporteat; ut Tux Majestati ex præscripta formula interviamus. Si ta- men benigna adfugent occasio, eam non sinemus elabi, certe nihil omittere, quo
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EPISTLE. EPISTLE CCLXIV. CL. SARRAVIUS to Isaac Vossius. Stockholm. I will confess to you alone my fault, which I fear may not be made public. The catalogue of the manuscripts of the Bibliotheca Memmiana, which I send to the Most Serene Queen, I know not whether I have stolen, since I know not whether I handled it against the lady’s will; certainly, without her knowledge, I had it and copied it. In it I found neither the praised Varro nor the missing Dialogue of Bodin, which some one without doubt has stolen. They are for sale, but this is only said in confidence, and they are not allowed to go to public auction. At first they named a price, at which Bidalius would write, for this paper would blush if such a sum were inscribed upon it; later they said they were prepared to reduce it somewhat. But this injustice in the price made us, Bidalius and myself, think the matter should be delayed, so that they may understand that we are not moved by blind desire for a thing whose value is unknown. For, as you will wonder, we have still not been able to inspect the manuscripts themselves, so that their age, that is, their quality, might be established. To those I have added a little stroke, so that you may know that it is thus called in the catalogue I used, which is quite full of errors. There are still nearly a hundred French items, which with me are of little price, but with you will be of none at all. They must nevertheless all be taken, because if those were omitted, they would not reduce the price at all. But let the Most Serene Queen believe that I shall use every effort to bring her desire to fulfillment, yet always remembering Pliny’s saying: A bad purchase is always unwelcome; the more so because it seems to reproach the buyer with his own folly. Farewell, and continue to love me, yours always devoted and affectionate. Paris, 25 March 1651. EPISTLE CCLXV. TO HER SACRED MAJESTY THE MOST SERENE AND MIGHTY QUEEN OF SWEDEN. Stockholm. MOST SERENE QUEEN, I send you here what you have here, the Catalogue of the Manuscript Greek and Latin codices of the Bibliotheca Memmiana. There are besides a few French ones, which concern our affairs; they will be of no use there. That library collection is altogether excellent; but a price is set on it so immense and so unjust that I have believed the sellers wish to abuse your praiseworthy desire to acquire it. Therefore we judged it wiser and safer to delay the business for a few days, until they have somewhat softened that evil intention of theirs. I beg you, Most Serene Queen, to bear this delay patiently, and to write back quickly what we ought to do, so that we may attend to Your Majesty according to the prescribed form. If, however, a favorable opportunity should present itself, we shall not let it slip; certainly to omit nothing whereby
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CL. SARRAVI quo isto thesauro cito potiaris. Certe eo digna sola videris cum eum habere tantum cupias, ut, postquam eo usa fueris, typographix beneficio, cum orbe literario communicetur. Hoc cedet magnæ tuæ gloræ, & publicæ utilitati, cui nata & facta videris. Ego MAXIMA REGINA, summi beneficii loco deputo, quacunque in re tibi obsequi & obedire; votorumque meorum summa fuerit placere & servire Majestatitux; cui ab omnium bonorum largitore DEO OPT. MAX. omnia magna & fausta nunquam desinam precari. Vale SERENISSIMA ET POTENTISSIMA REGINA & regna diu ac foeliciter. TUÆ MAJESTATI Deditissimus ac devotissimus CL. SARRAVIUS. Lutetiæ Parisiorum xxv. Martii CIC. 106. 41. EPISTOLA CCLXVI. A MONSIEUR SARRAU, Conseiller du Parlement de Paris. MONSIEUR, Vos deux lettres que je receus hier m'ont donné des mouvemens si divers, que je me trouve empeschée de vous exprimer les sentimens qu'elles m'ont cause. Et puisque vous avès pris la peine de me rendre de si bons offices, sans que je les aye merités, je me vois engagée de vous en témoigner ma reconnoissance. Je desirerois de pouvoir le faire dignement par la presente, encore que je ne pretende pas de m'aquitter à si bon marché envers vous. Je vous proteste que je n'ignore pas combien je dois estimer la generosité, qui vous porte à travailler avec tant d'affection à servir une personne, qui en est si indigne que moy; puisque par aucun merite je n'ay pu pretendre à vous obliger de prendre tant de peine pour mes affaires. Vous m'avs voulu témoigner par l'achapt de mes MSS. que je ne m'estois pas trompée, lorsque j'esperois de vostre generosité, l'effet des protestations que vous m'avs faites. Je vous prie de croire celle que je vous fais a present, et de ne douter point de la resolution, que j'ay prise de rechercher avec soin les occasions, par lesqu'elles je puisse m'aquitter envers vous. Si je le fais jamais au point que je le desire, je m'assure que vous n'aures point sujut de vous repensir de m'avoir donné quelque lieu en vostre affection. Au reste Monsieur, je vous diray touchant la Bibliothèque que vous marchandès pour moy, que ceux qui s'en veulent deffaire sont injustes d'en demander une somme qui estonneroit tout autre que moy. Je vous laisse la disposition d'accorder avec eux, et d'en faire le prix. Mais sur tout Monsieur, ayés soin que l'on n'oste aucun MS. des Anciens. J'ay ouy dire de ceux qui ont connoissance de cette Bibliothèque qu'il y açoit un Varron que je ne trouve pas dans le Catalogue. Ce qui me fait apprehender que l'on n'osie celuy là, et d'autres de mesme importance. Mais je m'en remets tout a fait à vous, et j'espere que vostre soin me rendra entie-
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CL. SARRAVI that by this treasure you may quickly obtain what you desire. Certainly you alone seem worthy of it, since you so greatly wish to possess it, so that, after you have used it, it may be communicated to the learned world by means of the printing press. This will redound to your great glory, and to the public utility, for which you seem to have been born and made. I, MAXIMA REGINA, count it as a great favour to be able, in whatever matter, to oblige and obey you; and the sum of my wishes will be to please and serve Your Majesty, for whom, from GOD, the best and greatest giver of all good things, I shall never cease to pray for all that is great and prosperous. Farewell, MOST SERENE AND MOST POWERFUL QUEEN, and may you reign long and happily. TO YOUR MAJESTY Your most devoted and most dedicated CL. SARRAVIUS. Paris, 25 March 106. 41. LETTER CCLXVI. TO MONSIEUR SARRAU, Counsellor of the Parliament of Paris. SIR, Your two letters, which I received yesterday, have given me such varied emotions that I find myself unable to express to you the feelings they have caused me. And since you have taken the trouble to do me such good offices, without my having deserved them, I find myself obliged to show you my gratitude for them. I should wish to be able to do so worthily by this letter, though I do not claim to acquit myself so cheaply toward you. I assure you that I am not unaware how much I ought to esteem the generosity that leads you to labour with so much affection to serve a person who is so unworthy as I am; since by no merit of mine could I have hoped to oblige you to take so much trouble on my affairs. You have wished to show me, by the purchase of my MSS., that I was not mistaken when I hoped, from your generosity, for the effect of the assurances you gave me. I beg you to believe the one I now make to you, and not to doubt at all the resolution I have taken to seek carefully for occasions by which I may discharge my obligation to you. If I ever do so to the extent I desire, I am sure you will have no cause to regret having given me some place in your affection. As for the rest, Sir, I will tell you regarding the Library you are negotiating for me, that those who wish to part with it are unjust in asking a sum that would astonish anyone but me. I leave it to you to settle with them and to fix the price. But above all, Sir, take care that no MS. is removed from the Ancients. I have heard it said by those who know this Library that there was a Varro there, which I do not find in the Catalogue. This makes me fear that this one, and others of similar importance, may be taken away. But I leave it entirely to you, and I hope that your care will make me entie-
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EPISTOLAÆ 259 enriorem consente. Cependant Monsieur vous m'obligerès de commander à mon Marchand, qu'il dépeche mon navire, et qu'il ne me prive pas long-temps de ce que j'attens, afin que je puisse avoir icy quelque goust des belles choses dont vostre belle France abonde. Pay commandé au Sieur Vossius de vous prier de ma part, de me faire avoir un Secretaire, qui soit sage et fidelle; et qu' soit pourveu des bonnes qualités, qu'il vous a amplement dépeintes dans sa lettre. Si vous prenés la peine de me satisfaire en cette rencontre, je vous seray obligée toute ma vie, comme d'un office le plus signalé qu'on me puisse rendre. Voyés Monsieur avec combien de rigueur s'vse du pouvoir, que vous m'avez donné sur vous. Vostre civilité l'excusera puisque vous voulés que je fasse ainsi. Pour moy, je desirerois que cette façon d'agir vous fust importune, afin qu'il me fust permis de vous traitter en amy; Car je vous ay accepté commetel dés le premier moment que je receus vous protestations. Mais puisque vous ne le voules pas; je veux differer de vous donner l'amitié d'une Reyne, puisque celles des Rois sont voussours suspectes, jusqu'a ce que la mienne puisse estre hors de soupçon. Alors vous connoistres que malgré tous les changemens j'auray pour vous une affection inebranlable, et une estime telle, que je dois avoir pour vostre merite: Et que je suis. CHRISTINE. De Stocholme le XII. Avril 1631. EPISTOLA CCLXVII. TAN. FABER Claudio Sarrævio. Larutiam. P. Ovidium Nasonem tibi in amoribus esse cum accipio, Clarissime Sarravi, non possum, ita me dii ament, non mihi plane & ex animo gratulari, quando ea re factum esse video ut rivales simus. Quem autem magis lepidum, venustum magis, bonarumque, ut ait ille, artium magis principem colamus? Sane, nisi me animus fallit, neminem. In eo enim Charites & suaviores Musæ quid efficere possint, expertæ videntur. Sed illum proh dolor! & libratorum oscitantia, & deteriorum seculorum incuria, tot maculis turparunt, vix ut locis aliquot possit agnosci, cujus tamen olim In toto nusquam corpore menda fuit. Ac ne te pluribus mores, quis, nisi plumbeus, ferat eam labem, quæ his versibus aspera est: Tristium Eleg. 2. Lib. 4. Drusus in his meruit quondam cognomina terris, Qua bona progenies digna parente fuit. Nemini, opinor, qui vel tantillum quid sapiat, erit dubium, quin scripterit poetarum ingeniousissimus, Qua bona progenies digna parente tulit; hac sententia; Drusum Neronem olim in Germania novum sibi cognomen peperisse, Kk quod
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...consents. However, Monsieur, you will oblige me by ordering my merchant to hasten my ship, and not to deprive me for long of what I am expecting, so that I may here have some taste of the beautiful things with which your fair France abounds. I have ordered Sieur Vossius to ask you on my behalf to procure me a secretary who is wise and faithful, and who is endowed with the good qualities that he has fully described to you in his letter. If you take the trouble to satisfy me in this matter, I shall be obliged to you all my life, as for the most signal service that can be rendered me. See, Monsieur, with what rigor I make use of the power you have given me over you. Your courtesy will excuse it, since you wish me to act thus. For my part, I should desire that this manner of acting should be troublesome to you, so that I might be permitted to treat you as a friend; for I accepted you as such from the very first moment I received your protestations. But since you do not wish it, I want to defer giving you the friendship of a Queen, since that of Kings is always suspected, until mine can be beyond suspicion. Then you will know that, despite all changes, I shall have for you an unshakeable affection, and an esteem such as I ought to have for your merit; and that I am. CHRISTINE. From Stockholm, the 12th of April, 1631. EPISTOLA CCLXVII. TAN. FABER To Claudius Sarraeus. At La Flèche. When I learn that P. Ovidius Naso is your favorite in matters of love, most illustrious Sarraeus, I cannot, so may the gods love me, help congratulating you wholeheartedly and sincerely, when I see that this has made us rivals. For whom should we worship more pleasantly, more charmingly, and, as he says, more as the leader of the good arts? Truly, unless my judgment deceives me, no one. For in him the Graces and the sweeter Muses seem to have shown what they can accomplish. But him, alas! both the carelessness of copyists and the neglect of worse ages have disfigured with so many blemishes that in some places he can scarcely be recognized, though once in his whole body there was no fault anywhere. And lest I weary you with more, who, unless he were leaden-minded, could bear that blemish which is harsh in these verses: Tristium Eleg. 2. Lib. 4. Drusus in his day earned surnames in these lands, Where a good offspring was worthy of its parent. I think there will be no doubt for anyone who has even a little sense that the most ingenious of poets wrote, “Where a good offspring bore a name worthy of its parent”; by this statement, he meant that Drusus Nero once in Germany had won for himself a new surname, which...
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CL. S A R R A V I I quod ejus filius, digna tanto patre progenies, tulit quippe qui Germanicus Cæsar dictus sit (eum autem in primis coluit noster.) Itaque adeo cognomen Germanici meruit Drusus pater, filius tulit. Sic Asinius Pollio ab Salonis Dalmatiæ expugnatis Salonini cognomen ferendum filio transmisit: &c. Quis autem satis pro dignitate defleat locum hunc Ponticorum L. I I. Eleg. v. ad Solanum; Surgit Iuleo juvenis cognomine dignus, Qualis ab Eois Lucifer ortus aquis; Dumque silent; astat; status est vultusque diserti; Sperque docens docta vocis amicus habet. Ibi interpretum mira αφασία est; neque injuria; quando posteriores duo ver- sus in mendo cubant, ita scilicet Musis approbantibus restituendi: Dumque silens astat, status est vultusque diserti! Sperque decens docta vocis amictus habet. Quo nihil esse potest venustius. Hæc autem διαριαν vis est: Ubi in sugge- stum ascendit Germanicus Cæsar, ut μελετην aliquam rhetoricam pronunciet, facile cuivis apparere, vel ex ipso corporis statu, vel ex modesta illa compo- sitaque vestis iυνχημοομ, miræ cujusdam singularisque facundiæ orationem esse ab illo expectandam. Quod quin tibi placeat, Vir Clarissime, qui tuus in his litteris genius est, nullus dubito. Verum nisi molestum est, quid illud, quod Eleg. I I I. ad Maximum legitur? Quæque ita concussa est, ut jam casura putetur, Restat adhuc humeris fulta carina tuis. ο πίποι! Carina casura! quo tandem? nisi fortean in chaos Hesiodcum, dein carina fulta humeris. χελοδονω μυσεῖα. Lege mihi fidenter, idque manudu- cente Ovidio; Restat adhuc humeris fulta ruina tuis. Ipsomet, inquam, Ovidio præeunte; quippe qui alibi dixerit Te mea supposita veluti trabe fulta ruina est. Qui locus est huic plane germanus. Verum, Sarravi Clarissime, quando non erubescit Epistola, & jam gnauiter frontem perfricui, non possum facere, quin de quodam Platonis loco agam, priusquam scribendi finem facio, sed tamen, quoad ejus poterit fieri, paucissimis. Locus ipse est. II. Πολυπίαν edit. Stephanianæ p. ccclix. Læmarianæ autem cccccxiii. ὑπο δατον ἐξυ- σία, ἐν λιγω, πιάδε μάλιστα, εἰ αυτῶ γεροπο οἰαν πιπι Φασί δυταμιντῶν Γυγντῶν ἀυδα περιγένω γενεθ[. ]ἐνα μεῖ γο ἀυτῶν, &c. Vides quid sit, Clarissime Sarravi. Ut autem quod sentio dicam, sichabeto. Nunquam non miratus sum, locum adeo illustrem à viris doctis olim emendatum non fuisse (nam hodie quidem qui hosce libros legant, sunt perquam pauci.) Ceterum a veteribus libris nihil auxilii quidquam est. Et ita plane in codice illo legebatur, quo usus est Clarissimus Ficinus; nam ille alter Interpres, Serranus, inquam, scis ipse, vel re ipsa expertus, vel Calauboni auctoritate admonitus, (ejus enim com- men-
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CL. SARRAVIUS because his son, a worthy offspring of so great a father, bore it, since he was called Germanicus Caesar (and our author especially honored him). Thus Drusus the father merited the cognomen Germanicus, and the son bore it. In this way Asinius Pollio, after the conquest of Salonae in Dalmatia, passed on to his son the surname Saloninus, &c. But who could sufficiently lament, in keeping with its dignity, this passage in Ponticorum, L. II. Eleg. v. to Solanus: A youth rises, worthy of the Julian surname, Like Lucifer sprung from the eastern waters; And while they are silent, he stands forth; his posture is that of an eloquent man; And, while speaking, he has the skill of a learned friend. There the interpreters show a marvelous aphasia; and not without reason, since the last two verses lie in corruption and must be restored, with the approval of the Muses, thus: And while silent he stands forth, his posture is that of an eloquent man! And, while speaking, he has the grace of a learned garment. Nothing could be more elegant than this. But this is the force of the word διαρίαν: when Germanicus Caesar mounts the tribunal, in order to deliver some rhetorical exercise, it is easy for anyone to see, whether from his very bearing or from that modest and well-arranged dress, that an oration of remarkable and singular eloquence is to be expected from him. That this should please you, most illustrious Sir, whose genius is in these letters, I do not doubt at all. But if it is not troublesome, what is the meaning of that passage read in Eleg. III to Maximus? And though it has been so shaken that it seems already about to fall, There still remains your shoulders, supporting the ship. Oh dear! A ship about to fall! To where at last? unless perhaps into the Hesiodic chaos, and then the ship supported by shoulders—χελοδονω μυσεῖα. Read it to me confidently, and with Ovid himself as guide: There still remains, supported by your shoulders, ruin. With Ovid himself, I say, going before us; for elsewhere he has said: Your ruin is as though supported by a borrowed beam. This passage is perfectly akin to it. But, most illustrious Sarravius, since the letter does not blush, and since I have now vigorously rubbed my brow, I cannot refrain from discussing a certain passage of Plato before I bring this writing to a close, though I shall do so, as far as possible, in very few words. The passage itself is in Book II of the Stephanus edition, page cccclix; in the Lemaire edition, however, page cccccxiii. ὑπο δατον ἐξυσία, ἐν λιγω, πιάδε μάλιστα, εἰ αυτῶ γεροπο οἰαν πιπι Φασί δυταμιντῶν Γυγντῶν ἀυδα περιγένω γενεθ[. ]ἐνα μεῖ γο ἀυτῶν, &c. You see what this is, most illustrious Sarravius. But to say what I think, so be it. I have always wondered that so famous a passage was not long ago corrected by learned men (for today, indeed, those who read these books are very few). As for the rest, the ancient books provide no help at all. And in that codex, from which the most illustrious Ficino made use, it was plainly read just so; for that other interpreter, I mean Serrano, you yourself know, either from direct experience or, as warned by the authority of Casaubon (for his commen-
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EPISTOLÆ. 259 mentarium in Theophrasti characteres legisti) quam imparatus ad hanc interpretandi tanti scriptoris provinciam accesserit: Quamobrem omnia sunt ab ingenio & diligenti Platonis lectione, nec non Ciceronis testi- monio petenda. Primum omnium agitur de mirabili illo annullo; quem oblatum fuisse , nullus est qui e veteribus dixerit. Itaque nihil quidquam causæ esse videtur, quin audacter affirmemus locum hunc esse corruptum. Sed dixerit fortasse quispiam, Platoni aliam, quam quæ apud posteriores scriptores invaluit, sequi placuisse. Verum id fieri haudquaquam potest. Nam iusta lib. videlicet X. hunc ipsum locum respiciens & ad ipsum nos remittens, scripsit, autem , præterea M. Tullius, qui locum superiorem libro de Officiis tertio transtulit, aliter scripsisse Platonem, probat. Ita enim ille: Satis enim nobis, (si modo in philosophia aliquid profecimus) persuasum esse debet, si omnes deos, hominesque celare possimus, nihil tamen ævare, nihil injuste, nihil libidinose, nihil incontinenter esse faciendum. Hinc ille Gyges inducitur a Pla- tone; qui, cum terra discessisset, & cetera; quæ ille verbum de verbo expressa extulit; sed nil opus est transcribere. Quamobrem ut ne quid in hac re operæ ponamus amplius, lego & suppleo, Gygi, qui unus ex Cræsi Lydi majoribus seu progenitoribus fuit. Cræsi autem stemma a Gyge repetere non vacat. Nam id cuivis ex Herodoto perquam facile factu est. Verum hocabierit; nunc autem Locus enim est in Curculione Plautina Act. 1. Scen. 1. non corruptus ille qui- dem, sed plane, audiant licet interpretes, a nemine intellectus. PH. Nunc ara Veneris hac est ante harum fores, Me inferre Veneri vovi jam jentaculum. PA. Quid antepones Veneri a jentaculo? PA. Me, te, atque hosce omnes. PA. Tum tu Venerem vome- re vis. Existis verbis, Me, te, atque hosce, &c. quæ delirantis sunt, ut satis appa- ret, nil difficilius quam responsionem Palinuri intelligere, scil. Vis igitur Venerem vovere; neque se hinc expedierit Oedipus. Ubi nihil video mihi apud interpretes subsidii quidquam esse, (ita perspicaces, ita Lyncei sunt) nil ego melius fore opportuniusve judicavi, quam si versum illum Græcum olim (comædia enim hæc, ut cæteræ Plautinæ, Græca est) sua lingua denuo cu- derem; fore sperans ut aliquis locus conjecturæ sese aperiret. Statim itaque sumpto in manum stylo jambicum trimetrum reposui, quem ego arbitror ipsissimum esse, qui a Comædæ auctore (quicumque illesit) scriptus fuerat. Totidem enim vocibus Græcis plane redditur, quot a Plauto Latinis conversus est. audire atque togam jubeo componere. Kk 2
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EPISTLES. 259 in the Characters of Theophrastus you have read) how ill-prepared he approached this task of interpreting so great an author: wherefore everything is to be sought from ingenuity and diligent reading of Plato, as well as from the testimony of Cicero. First of all, the matter concerns that wonderful ring; and there is no one among the ancients who has said that it was offered. Accordingly, there seems to be no reason at all why we should not boldly affirm that this passage is corrupt. But someone may perhaps say that Plato chose to follow another reading than the one that came into use among later writers. Yet this can by no means be the case. For Iustas, book X, clearly referring to this very passage and sending us back to it, wrote, moreover, M. Tullius, who in his third book On Duties translated the above passage, proves that Plato wrote otherwise. For thus he says: “For it should be enough for us, if we have made any progress at all in philosophy, to be convinced that, though we may be able to conceal from all gods and men, nevertheless nothing deceitful, nothing unjust, nothing lustful, nothing intemperate must be done.” From this Plato introduces Gyges; who, when the earth had parted, and so on; and he rendered the rest word for word; but there is no need to transcribe it. Wherefore, so that we may not spend any more labor on this matter, I read and supply: “Gygi,” who was one of the ancestors or progenitors of Croesus of Lydia. But there is no time to trace Croesus’s lineage back to Gyges; for anyone can do that very easily from Herodotus. But let that pass; now however For the passage in Plautus’ Curculio, Act 1, Scene 1, is not corrupt, indeed, but plainly, though interpreters may hear it, understood by no one. PH. Now there is Venus’ altar before this house door, I have vowed to bring a morning meal to Venus. PA. What will you set before Venus after breakfast? PA. Me, you, and all these others. PA. Then you want to vomit up Venus. From these words, “Me, you, and these others,” etc., which are the words of a madman, as is sufficiently clear, nothing is harder than to understand Palinurus’s reply, namely, “So then you mean to vow Venus”; nor would Oedipus here find any way out. Since I see here no help at all from the interpreters—so sharp-sighted, so Lyncean are they—I judged nothing better or more suitable than to recast that Greek verse once more in its own language (for this comedy, like the rest of Plautus’, is Greek), hoping that some opening might present itself for conjecture. So at once, taking pen in hand, I restored the iambic trimeter, which I believe to be exactly the one written by the author of the comedy, whoever he may have been. For the same number of Greek words is plainly rendered by the Latin words into which Plautus turned it: “I order you to listen and arrange your toga.” Kk 2
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CL. SARRAVIUS Salmurium. Elegantissimam & doctissimam, Mi Fili, accepi ab Eruditissimo Fabro Epistolam. Meministin' cum istuc proficisceris me eum tibi inter eos quos colere deberes præcipue commendasse. Solatamen fama eum mihi indicaverat, quem non arbitrabat istud scientiarum culmen attigisse. Iam vero neminem de ejus meritis interrogabo, quin alios docebo & confidenter prædicabo tanti viri omni laude dignas virtutes. Non enim tantum castigate & ornate scribit, sed auctorum sensus reconditos eruit solerter, & candide proponit & perspicue explicat. Qui has omnes dotes possideat, verum dico, novi neminem. Vide, Mi Fili, ut in ejus amicitiam quoquo modo vel urrepas vel irrumpas, nec ullo meliori compendio tuas subsecivas horas prodegeris. Quas ad eum scribo offeres cum omni opera mea, quam ei libentissime impendam. Num pergas insinuare te in Philosophiam cum voluptate intelligam. Hoc sit tuum : vicem jam obtineant, quæ olim præcipua erant utriusque lingua Latinæ & Græcæ assidua præne conductudo & familiaritas. Noc Ebræam omiseris, quæ omnium non solum prima & antiquissima & proinde præstantissima, sed etiam sola divina, est & hactenus in sacris Bibliis ab omnilabe immunis. Stilum præcipue exercere juvet. Latine loqui est in magna laude ponendum, inquit Cicero. Et qui laudis hujus cupidine non tangitur frustra eruditi nomen speret. Vale & me ama, tui semper, si mereberis, amantissimum Lutetix Parisior. xxix. Martii. c13 13c L1. EPI-
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CL. SARRAVIUS Salmurium. I have received, my dear son, the most elegant and most learned letter from the very learned Faber. Do you remember that when you were setting out there, I particularly recommended him to you among those whom you ought to cultivate? His reputation had assured me of this much, that he was not thought to have attained that summit of learning. Now I shall ask no one about his merits without also teaching others and confidently proclaiming the virtues of so great a man, worthy of every praise. For he does not merely write with propriety and elegance, but skillfully draws out the hidden meanings of authors, and presents them candidly and explains them clearly. Of all these gifts possessed by one man, I say truly, I know no one. See to it, my dear son, that you somehow insinuate yourself into his friendship, whether by creeping in or by breaking in, and that you spend your spare hours in no better way. The letters I write to him you will deliver with all my care, which I shall most gladly bestow on him. I shall gladly understand if you continue to work your way into Philosophy. Let this be your aim: let there now take the place of what once held first rank, in both languages, Latin and Greek, the assiduous practice and familiarity of each. Do not neglect Hebrew, which of all languages is not only the first and most ancient and therefore the most excellent, but also the only divine one, and so far in the sacred Scriptures untouched by any stain. It is especially worthwhile to practice style. To speak Latin is to be held in great esteem, says Cicero. And whoever is not touched by desire for this praise may hope for the name of scholar in vain. Farewell, and love me, always yours, if you deserve it, your most affectionate at Paris, 29 March. c13 13c L1. EPI-
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EPISTOLÆ. 261 EPISTOLA CCLXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS Tan. Fabro. Salmarium. IN deliciis mihi suo merito semper habitum Ovidium Nasonem, in postetum si fieri possit, magis adhuc diligam; eo quod tibi præbuerit occasionem me compellandi, nostræque notitiæ & amicitiæ primum gradum fecerit. Non heri tamen aut hodie demum mihi notus es, Vir Doctissime & Præstantissime, sed tua pridem mihi audita eruditio, & cognita virtus. Quantum in lingua Græca & Latina supra doctorum vulgus sapias, & valeas, nemo fere hic ignora. Ipse ego filio mandaveram cum istuc proficisceretur, ut quidvis tentaret, quo posset tibi fieri familiaris; certus eum ex tuo consortio nunquam nisi doctiorem & meliorem decessurum. Hunc igitur quæso meum amare velis: & pati ut de tuo plenissimo & exuundante fonte aliquando os proluat, auribusque hauriat, semper & ubique profutura. Quod vero me occupaveris elegantissima & doctissima tua epistola, gratias habeo magnas & si possem referrem. In ea miratus sum, & mecum non pauci quibuscum eam communicavi, puritatem sermonis singularem, judicium solers & accuratum, & sagacitatem in veris Auctorum sensibus indagandis eximiam, ut constat ex quinque locis fæliciter restitutis. Bonæ enim mentis plane vacuus sit, nec harum litterarum ullum gustum habens, qui statim tuam non perspliciat. Utinam autem Critico tuo pumice expolitum totum illum Poëtam haberemus: tum certe cujusvis animadversionibus facile careremus, nedum illius viri, qui decom abhinc annis inani suarum expectatione nos lætat. De tuis quoque in Platonem & Plautum eruditis Observationibus tibi gratulor, mihi gaudeo. Cæterum perge nos hujusmodi munusculis beare, quæ grata manu magisque grato animo accipiemus. Sed te beatum cui vacat isti meditari, & penitissimem scrutari. Hunc fundum si diligenter colere pergas, uberrimos inde gloriæ & famæ fructus colliges. Ego quantum potero laudabiles conatus tuos cum utilitate publica conjunctos juvabo & promovebo. Ita credas velim, Mi Faber, meque ex animo semper fore tui studiosissimum & amantissimum. Vale. Lut. Paris. XXIX. Martii. CICINII. EPISTOLA CCLXX. CL. SARRAVIUS Davidi Blondello. Amstelodamum. Contuli dubia tua cum Pontificia Bulla editionis Romanæ; quam ipsam ad te misissem, si mea fuisset: sed quia necesse fuit eam restituere, idcirco hisce animadversionibus contentus esto. Pag. 3. tuæ editionis legitur, ut ais, accepimus quod per plures annos Osnabrug. In editione Rom. sic habetur ac- K k 3
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EPISTLES. 261 EPISTLE CCLXIX. CL. SARRAVIUS To Tan. Faber. Salmarium. OVID Naso, whom I have always cherished and shall cherish even more in future, if possible, on account of his merit, because he has given you occasion to address me and has made the first step toward our acquaintance and friendship. Yet it is not only yesterday or today that you became known to me, most learned and distinguished Sir, but your learning and virtue have long been known and heard of by me. How far above the common run of scholars you excel in Greek and Latin, and how great is your ability, scarcely anyone here is unaware. I myself had charged my son, when he was setting out thither, to try whatever he could so as to become familiar with you, being certain that from your company he would never depart except more learned and better. This son of mine therefore, I beg, you will be pleased to love; and to allow him now and then to wet his lips at your most full and overflowing spring, and to drink with his ears those things which are always and everywhere beneficial. As for your having engaged me with your most elegant and learned letter, I am greatly obliged, and would repay it if I could. In it I admired, and with me not a few to whom I shared it, the singular purity of style, the skillful and accurate judgment, and the extraordinary acuteness in discovering the true meanings of authors, as is evident from the five passages happily restored. He must be wholly devoid of good sense, and have no taste for these studies, who does not immediately perceive yours. Would that we had the whole poet polished smooth with your critical pumice; then surely we should easily be spared anyone’s remarks, let alone those of that man who for more than ten years has delighted us with the empty hope of his own performance. I also congratulate you on your learned observations on Plato and Plautus, and I rejoice in them myself. Meanwhile, continue to enrich us with gifts of this kind, which we shall receive with a grateful hand and an even more grateful mind. But blessed are you, who have leisure to meditate upon and thoroughly examine such matters. If you continue diligently to cultivate this field, you will gather from it most abundant fruits of glory and fame. I shall, as far as I can, support and promote your praiseworthy efforts, joined as they are with the public good. Believe this, I pray, my Faber, and be assured that I shall always be most devoted and affectionate toward you from my heart. Farewell. Lut. Paris. 29 March. CICINII. EPISTLE CCLXX. CL. SARRAVIUS To David Blondel. Amsterdam. I have compared your doubtful points with the Pontifical Bull of the Roman edition; I would have sent that very text to you, if it had been mine: but since it was necessary to return it, be content therefore with these remarks. On page 3 of your edition it is read, as you say, we have received that for many years Osnabrug. In the Roman edition it is thus given: ac- K k 3
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CL. S A R R A V I I cepimus quod per complures unius Osnabrugis die vi. Augusti. Verum au- tem paucis quod desiderari existimas non habetur ibi, sed habetur postea. Ibi- dem pactis turnis ac juribus: editio Rom. habet, rebus, bonis, ac juribus. Pagina tibi quinta, tenores etiam veriores & datas: ita etiam habet editio Romanâ, totidem apicibus. Data dicitur xxvi. Novembris Pontificatus an- no quinto. In editione Rom. quam vidi nulla legitur facta publicatio. Hæc tantum habeo quæ rescribam ad tua quæsita. Dicunt Salmasium nostrum in Suedia periculosissimo morbo laborare, quod valde me cruciat. Bene est quod Recitationes tuas inchoaveris; sed melius erit in iis pergere, & tandem aliquando Spartam tuam ornare. Sirmondus de Poenitentia publica commen- tatiunculam edidit: addiditque tractatum, quod docet, quod & verum est, olim panem communem usitatum fuisse in Sacramento Eucharistiæ. Audomarus Talæus noster fortem ad Reginam habuit Orationem, ex auctoritate Senatus nostri, contra Cardinales, etiam Gallos: publicabitur & eam ad te mittam. Interea Vale cum Tua & nos amare perge tui semper studiosissimos & aman- tissimos. Lut. Paris. Cal. April. CIC DEC LI. E P I S T O L A CCLXXI. C. L. S A R R A V I U S Isaac Vossio. Holmiem. PRidie quam Lutetia in hanc Cenomanorum urbem venirem a Senatu nostro delegatus, Vir Præstantissime & Eruditissime, vidi M. B. codices MSS. ut proculdubio tibi scripserit Bidalius. Quod tum autem mihi non licuit ne- gotiorum mole oppressus, id jam faciam. De iis ergo dicam ut est in Prover- bio . Sed revera minuit præsentia famam, nec ii sunt qua- les famaeos prædicat. Græcorum enim plerique sunt chartacei; pauci omni- no, quinque, credo, aut sex in membrana scripti, nec omnes valde antiqui. Li enim, quos chartaceos dixi, vix excedunt ætatem captæ Constantinopolis, quo tempore multi Græculi per Europam divagantes, secum aliquot libros aspor- tarunt; quos tenuis victus aut pecuniæ ratione in gratiam eruditorum & curio- sorum describebant. Latinorum plures quidem sunt membranacei sive in pergamena exarati, qui tamen quartam aut quintam eorum partem vix faciunt. Ex Catalogo videris eorum qualitatem, quantitatem, quæ non accedit ad sex- tam partem Petavianorum. Gallicos enim parvi facio. Audio tamen non esse vænales nisi XLV. M. libris nostraribus; quod sane iniquissimum pretium mihi videtur. Suasi Bidalio ut offerret xx. M. quamquam & hoc adhuc im- mensum est & abnorme. Sed quia res nobis est cum D. quæ ideo tantum ven- dit, quia grandem pecuniam inde sperat: Et Serenissima Regina videtur hanc librariam supellectilem avide expetere, existimavi posse eo usque istam anno- nam incendi. Si præterea aliquid faciendum sit, ipse præscribes ex mandato Sapientissimæ Reginæ. Mihi quippe pudendum aliquatenus visum est ex co- rum
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CL. SARRAVIUS I have received what, for several days, at Osnabrück on the 6th of August, you thought was missing. But truly, the few things you think are to be desired are not found there, but are found afterward. There also, however, in the terms and rights agreed upon: the Roman edition has “things, goods, and rights.” On page five, the texts are also more correct and the dates; thus the Roman edition also has it, down to the very letters. The date is said to be the 26th of November, in the fifth year of the Pontificate. In the Roman edition, which I saw, no publication is recorded. This is all I have to write back in answer to your inquiries. They say that our Salmasius is suffering in Sweden from a most dangerous illness, which greatly pains me. It is good that you have begun your Recitations; but it will be better to continue in them, and at last to adorn your Sparta. Sirmond has published a little treatise On Public Penance; and he has added a tract, which shows, and it is true, that formerly common bread was used in the Sacrament of the Eucharist. Our Audomarus Talaeus delivered a strong Oration to the Queen, by authority of our Senate, against the Cardinals, including the French ones; it will be published, and I shall send it to you. Meanwhile, farewell with yours, and continue to love us, your ever most devoted and affectionate friend. Paris, April 1, 1651. EPISTLE 271. C. L. SARRAVIUS To Isaac Vossius. To Holmiæ. On the day before I came from Paris to this city of the Cenomani, having been deputed by our Senate, most distinguished and learned Sir, I saw the MSS. codices of M. B., as Bidalius will doubtless have written to you. What then I was unable to do, being oppressed by the burden of business, I shall now do. I shall therefore speak of them as the proverb says. But in truth, presence diminishes fame, and they are not such as report proclaims them to be. For most of the Greek volumes are on paper; only a few—five, I believe, or six—are written on parchment, and not all are very ancient. Those which I called paper copies scarcely go beyond the age of the capture of Constantinople, at which time many Greeks, wandering through Europe, carried some books with them; these, out of need for a modest livelihood or for money, they transcribed for the benefit of the learned and the curious. Of the Latin ones, indeed, more are on parchment, or written on vellum, yet they scarcely make up a fourth or fifth part of them. From the catalogue you will see their quality and quantity, which does not amount to a sixth part of the Petavians. As for the French books, I care little for them. Yet I hear that they are not for sale except for 45,000 of our livres; which to me seems a most unfair price. I advised Bidalius to offer 20,000, though even this is still enormous and excessive. But since we are dealing with a certain gentleman who is selling them only for this reason, that he hopes for a large sum of money from them, and since the Most Serene Queen seems eagerly desirous of this library equipment, I thought that I might perhaps bring this matter to that point. If anything else is to be done, you yourself will prescribe it by command of the Most Wise Queen. For it seemed to me somewhat shameful out of the co...
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EPISTOLAÆ. 263 rum Φιλαργια ita pendere, ut simus postea omnibusludibrio, quasi verum vel etiam, ut ajunt Jurisconsulti, affectionis pretium ignoraverimus. Potest autem suo jure Regina imperare quod libuerit: Et quod nobis probrosum esset ipsi laudi cedet, Pecunia scilicet venditores pene obruere, ut istud quidquid est sibi acquirat. Quicquid autem contra sentias Bodini Dialogus, cujus primum librum nisi, is est quem postulat Serenissima Regina. Quæ enim Judaicam & Christianam Religionem spectant habentur in sequentibus. Repertum est ejus apographum M. sed nolunt illud communicare, imo nec ipse vidi: servatur enim velut pretiosissimum κειμιλιον. Bibliothecæ Cluniacensis liber non facile reperitur. Statim atque in Urbem rediero, quæretur diligentissime. Sacræ Majestati semper me serio & ex animo commendatum volo. Quod ut sedulo facias, rogo precorque. Vale. Ama nos, charosque habe, qui te plus nostris oculis amamus. Apud Cenomanorum urbem XI IV. April. CICLOCI. EPISTOLA CCLXXII. A MONSIEUR DE SAUMAISE. à Leyden. MONSIEUR, Votre Lettre sur le Livre de Mr. Bochart est excellente, et si je l'osois communiquer au principal interessé, sans doute qu'il en feroit estime. Mais il vaut mieux que cela se passe directement entre vous deux, sans entremetteur. Comme il ne sçait pas la Langue Persique, il peut s'être abuse en ce qui concerne ce pais là. Il a appris depuis quelques mois la Langue Ethiopique ou Abyssine; par le moïen de laquelle il dit que s'il l'eût scu, il eût corrigé quelques endroits qu'il a mis dans son livre. Au fond son dessein n'est pas de montrer que les Phaniciens ont changé tous les noms des lieux où ils ont été: mais de montrer jusques où se sont étendues les navigations. Ce qu'il montre par les origines des noms des lieux tirez de cette Langue. Il sera bon que vous lui donniez occasion de s'en expliquer plus clairement. Je m'étonne que vous appelliez fondemens ruineux ce qui est pris de la Bible. Que les Chananeëns aient été chassez de leur pais par les enfans d'Israël le V. T. le dit. Où s'en sont ils allez? C'est ce que Monsr. Bochart montre par les noms, qu'ils ont apparemment donné aux lieux où ils ont séjourné. Mais il vaut mieux vous laisser à demêler cette querelle avec lui. Seulement je vous prie qu'il n'en paroisse rien en public. Vous avez dans cette ouvrage là des temoignages en grand nombre de l'estime qu'il fait de vous; dont se seroit le malreconnoitre, que de le traduire et d'écrire contre le consentiment universel des doctes, ou qui sont estimez tels. Quant à ιχηραντω je le crois seulment plurier, et il est aussi singulier. La difficulté en a été meuë par les anciens Grammairiens Grecs, qui la résolvent par là que ιχηραντω, πιθαντω et c. sont de la 3. personne du singulier et du plurier. C'est ce que j'ai appris depuis celle que je me donnai l'honneur de vous écrire sur cette question. La fin du Parlement où nous som-
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EPISTOLÆ. 263 ... to depend on avarice, so that afterward we should become a laughingstock to everyone, as though we had ignored the true price, or even, as the jurists say, the price of affection. Yet the Queen can, by her own right, command whatever she pleases: and what would be disgraceful to us will redound to her praise, namely, to overwhelm the sellers with money, so that she may acquire for herself this whatever it may be. But whatever you may think against it, Bodin's Dialogue, of which she asks for the first book, is the one which the Most Serene Queen requests. For the matters relating to the Jewish and Christian religion are contained in the following books. A copy of it has been found, M. but they do not wish to communicate it; indeed I myself have not seen it, for it is kept as though it were a most precious κειμιλιον. The book of the Cluniac Library is not easily found. As soon as I have returned to the City, it will be sought for very diligently. I always wish to be earnestly and wholeheartedly commended to His Sacred Majesty. I beg and entreat you to do this diligently. Farewell. Love us, and hold dear those who love you more than our own eyes. At Le Mans, April 11, 1620. EPISTOLA CCLXXII. TO MONSIEUR DE SAUMAISE. at Leyden. SIR, Your letter on Mr. Bochart's book is excellent, and if I dared communicate it to the principal person concerned, no doubt he would think highly of it. But it is better that this pass directly between the two of you, without an intermediary. Since he does not know the Persian language, he may have been mistaken in what concerns that country. He has learned the Ethiopic or Abyssinian language these past few months; by means of which he says that, if he had known it before, he would have corrected some passages which he has put in his book. In essence, his purpose is not to show that the Phoenicians changed all the names of the places where they were, but to show how far their voyages extended. This he shows through the origins of place-names drawn from that language. It will be good if you give him occasion to explain himself more clearly on this point. I am surprised that you call ruinous foundations what is taken from the Bible. That the Canaanites were driven from their country by the children of Israel, the Old Testament says. Where did they go? That is what Mr. Bochart shows by the names which they apparently gave to the places where they stayed. But it is better to leave you to settle this dispute with him. I only beg you that nothing of it appear in public. In this work you have a great many testimonies of the esteem he has for you; and it would be ungrateful to translate it and write against it contrary to the universal consent of the learned, or those esteemed such. As for ιχηραντω, I believe it to be only plural, and it is also singular. The difficulty was raised by the ancient Greek grammarians, who resolve it by saying that ιχηραντω, πιθαντω, etc., are in the third person singular and plural. This is what I have learned since the one in which I had the honor to write to you on this question. The end of the Parliament where we som-
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CL. SARRAVI sommes m'excusera si je ne vous entretien plus longuement, vous baisant au sur plus tres humblement les mains, & à Madame, comme fait ma femme à tous deux. Et se suis de tout mon cœur. MONSIEUR, Vetre tres humble & tres obeissant serviteur. SARRAU, à Paris ce XXIX. Aoust. CIO 150 XLVIII. EPISTOLA CCLXXIII. A MONSIEUR DE SAUMAISE a Leyden. MONSIEUR, LE jeune Heins n'est pas encore parti. Ie ne le visite point chez lui pour l'interroger au sujet de la votre, si c'est lui qui a mande à son pere ou à son beau frere ce que ce dernier a écrit dans sa réponce contre vous. Ie ne laisserai pas de vous dire, qu'il y a quelque tems ce jeune Heins m'etant venu voir, il me demanda si ce n'étoit pas à moi que vous ́ssiez écrit, que son pere vous avoit avoué être l'auteur du Livre contre Monstr. de Croy. Ie lui répondis que non, & que je ne crois pas que vous vécussiez ensemble en cette confidence, pour scavoir de lui & de s'abouche les choses qu'il ne désireit pas être scuies. Et je m' hazardai jusques là de dire que je crois avoir autant de part en vos secrets qu'aucun autre de France: & que s'il y avoit quelque chose de cette nature, vous me l'auriez aussi tost fait scavoir qu'a qui que ce fut. Cela ne passapas outre. Pour les submissos precatores Mr. Menage croit que cela le regarde. Il a veulu bien vivre avec Heraut, Sengeber, Fabrot, Heins le jeune & avec tout le monde, ce que je ne puis pas blâmer; mais il est bien difficile d'en venir à bons. Il est arrivé que Sengeber, comme j'us empêché la veuve du Puis d'imprimer son livre, a été oblige de le faire à ses dépens. Il est pauvre & n'a pas eu de quoi fournir le dernier quatrin, ainsi la besogne est demourée imparfaite. Sengeber a demandé en argent à Menage vingt pistoles à emprunter, mais il ne les lui a pas prêtées: de bonte qu'il en a, il s'est abstenu depuis deux ou trois mois de voir ni Menage ni Heraut. Ce dernier à creu & dit que c'etoit M. qui l'avoit prié de supprimer son livre en votre faveur, ce qui est tres faux: car il semble qu'ils ne soient plus amis, & Menage me disoit encore hier que Sengeber, qui le venoit voir tous les jours, depuis plus de deux mois n'apoint mis le pied chez lui. Voila l'histoire, la suitte est qu'Heraut ayant découvert à quoi il seroit que le livre de Sengeber ne sortit au jour, l'a fait chercher pour lui offrir l'argent, que Menage lui a refusé. Ie ne scai s'il l'a trouvo & je croi qu'oui, d'autant qu'en m'a dit que l'Imprimeur continuoit à travailler, & avoit le reste de la copie de Sengeber. Heraut devient tous les jours plus faicheux: il a fait un gros & immense Ecrit, cherchant de tous cotez à vous reprendre & à vous mettre en colère, ce dit il, & en lit des pages & des Chapitres
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CL. SARRAVI I must apologize if I do not keep you longer entertained, humbly kissing your hands, and Madame's as well, as my wife does to both of you. And I am with all my heart, MONSIEUR, Your very humble and very obedient servant, SARRAU, at Paris, this XXIX. August. CIO 150 XLVIII. EPISTOLA CCLXXIII. TO MONSIEUR DE SAUMAISE at Leyden. MONSIEUR, The young Heins has not yet left. I do not visit him at home in order to question him about yours, whether it was he who informed his father or his brother-in-law of what the latter wrote in his reply against you. I shall not fail to tell you that some time ago, when this young Heins came to see me, he asked me whether it was not to me that you had written, his father having confessed to you that he was the author of the book against Monstr. de Croy. I answered him no, and that I do not believe that you had such confidence in one another as to learn from him, and by mutual conversation, things which he did not wish to be known. And I ventured so far as to say that I believe I have as much share in your secrets as any other man in France; and that if there were anything of that sort, you would have made it known to me just as quickly as to anyone else. That went no further. As for the submissos precatores, Mr. Menage believes that it concerns him. He has indeed wished to live well with Heraut, Sengeber, Fabrot, the younger Heins, and with everyone, which I cannot blame; but it is very difficult to come to good terms. It happened that Sengeber, when I had prevented the widow of Puis from printing his book, was obliged to have it printed at his own expense. He is poor and did not have the means to provide for the last quatrin, and thus the work has remained unfinished. Sengeber asked Menage for twenty pistoles in cash as a loan, but he did not lend them to him; out of the goodness he has, he has refrained for two or three months from seeing either Menage or Heraut. The latter believed and said that it was M. who had asked him to suppress his book in your favor, which is very false; for it seems they are no longer friends, and Menage was telling me again yesterday that Sengeber, who used to come to see him every day, had not set foot in his house for more than two months. That is the story; the sequel is that Heraut, having discovered why the book of Sengeber should not come out, had him sought out in order to offer him the money, which Menage refused. I do not know whether he found him, and I believe so, all the more because I was told that the Printer was continuing to work and had the rest of Sengeber's copy. Heraut becomes more tiresome every day: he has made a large and immense writing, seeking in every direction to take you to task and to put you in a rage, he says, and he reads pages and chapters of it.
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EPISTOLAÆ. 265 pitres entiers à tous venans, qui en prennent leurs divertissemens, comme vous scavez qu'on prend plaisir a ouïr des médisances. Ie vous ai écrit ce que dessus parceque vous l'avez desiré & pour vous complaire. Au reste je ne doute point que toutes ces picquoteries ne vous chagrinent, & ne troublent votre repos. C'est tout leur dessein & ils obtiennent à leurs fins, comme nous disons au palais. Mais vous devez une bonne fois fermer les aureilles à toutes ces medisances là, & vous venger d'eux en faisant des ouvrages dignes de vous. Car quand on voit une pièce sortir aujour, qu'on dit être de vous, on y court comme au fen, & lors qu'on n'y voit que des vetilles & de menues questions, quoique traitées avec erudition & recherchées avec soin, on ne laisse pas de dire; à quoi s'amuse ce grand homme? est ce là ce que la posterité doit louer? est ce là ce qu'il nous a promis & que nous attendons de lui? Tous ses livres sont remplis de promesses magnifiques, de Traitez & de commentaires sur Pline, sur Tertullien, sur le Noveau Testament, sur Dioscoride, & il nous donne des pièces contre des gens de neant, & qu'on scauroit à peine être au monde, s'il ne leur faisoit l'honneur de les mettre en credit. Ie scai vos réponses & tâche de les faire valoir. Mais je trouve peu de personnes qui les agrée. Il devroit, disentils, mépriser toute cette racaille & s'en défaire une bonne fois. Ne dites rien à un chien qui abbaie, il est obligé de se taire, mais si vous l'irritez, il recommence de plus belle, & argmente sa clabauderie. Ie vous prie de m'excuser si je vous entretiens de choses facheuses: mais ces discours battent si souvent mes aureilles, que je suis contraint malgré moi d'en faire rejaillir quelque écho jusques à vous &c. à Paris ce 13. Avril. Votre &c. SARRAU. EPISTOLA CCLXXIV. A MONSIEUR DE SAUMAISE. a Leyden. MONSIEUR, J'Ai souffert en lisant vôtre derniere & prend cette plume avec peine pour y repondre. Neanmoins pour ne me pas manquer à moi même j'ai cru le devoir faire, & espere m'y comporter avec telle moderation, que me tenant sur ma defensive, vous reconnoitrez que si je me plaind, ce n'est pas sans raison. D'abord vous dites que vous ne scavez pas de quoi je me plaind de vous. Ie vous l'avois marqué assez precisement, & le repeterai icy puisque vous l'avez oublié, ou ne l'avez pas voulu lire dans celle à laquelle vous repondiez. Ie me plaind dece que vous m'accusez de vous fouler aux pieds, & de relever les autres, & tout cela sans grande connoissance de cause. Que je mesure les authours à l'aune de mon affection. En quoi vous me faites passer pour un passionné d'un part, & pour un ignorant & fat de l'autre. Pour le dernier je pas- serois LI
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EPISTOLAÆ. 265 complete letters to all who come by, and who take their amusement in them, just as you know one takes pleasure in hearing slanders. I have written to you what is above because you desired it and to please you. As for the rest, I do not doubt that all these petty attacks vex you and disturb your peace. That is all their aim, and they attain their purpose, as we say at the bar. But you must once and for all close your ears to all such slander, and avenge yourself on them by producing works worthy of you. For when one sees a piece appear nowadays, said to be yours, people run to it as to a fire; and when one finds in it only trifles and small questions, though treated with erudition and examined with care, one does not fail to say: what is this great man occupied with? Is this what posterity is to praise? Is this what he promised us and what we expect from him? All his books are filled with magnificent promises, treatises and commentaries on Pliny, on Tertullian, on the New Testament, on Dioscorides, and he gives us pieces against people of no account, whom one would scarcely know to exist in the world, if he did not do them the honor of bringing them into credit. I know your replies and try to make them count. But I find few people who approve them. He ought, they say, to despise all this rabble and be done with it once and for all. Say nothing to a dog that barks, he is obliged to be quiet; but if you irritate him, he begins again more vigorously and increases his clamor. I beg you to excuse me if I entertain you with disagreeable matters: but these talks strike my ears so often that, despite myself, I am forced to let some echo rebound back to you, &c. At Paris this 13th of April. Yours, &c. SARRAU. EPISTOLA CCLXXIV. TO M. DE SAUMAISE. at Leyden. SIR, I have suffered in reading your last letter and take up this pen with difficulty to reply to it. Nevertheless, so as not to fail myself, I have thought it my duty to do so, and I hope to conduct myself with such moderation that, while keeping on my defense, you will recognize that if I complain, it is not without reason. First, you say that you do not know of what I complain against you. I had marked it out for you quite precisely, and I shall repeat it here since you have forgotten it, or have not wished to read it in the letter to which you were replying. I complain that you accuse me of trampling you underfoot, and of elevating others, and all this without much knowledge of the matter. That I measure authors by the yardstick of my affection. In which you make me out to be, on the one hand, a passionate man, and on the other, an ignorant fool. As for the latter, I should go on to the
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286 CL. S. A. R. R. A. V. I. I serois assez tôt condemnation, encore que je puisse dire, que les matieres dont il est question, et qui ont donné sujet à ce démélé, ne soient pas si relevées, que ma mediocre capacité ne les puisse entendre pour en dire mon sentiment après les autres. Pour la passion, si vous la prenez pour une ardeur et pour une inclination à defendre ce que je crois veritable, je l'avouerois encore tres volontiers: et les esprits tiedes ne sont pas selon mon humeur. Mais en ce que vous me pretendez aveugle et inique, c'est où je croi qu'est l'offence, jointe avec un affecte mepris. Vous vous plaignez que je dis que vous voulez dominer par tout, et que je dis qu'un docteur en droit a euraison de vous appeller le tyran des lettres. Pour le dernier chef, je ne l'ai ni dit ni écrit: je prend droit par mes lettres; et ne scai qui est ce docteur en droit dont vous parlez. Je vous ai bien dit qu'un guidam, eur je ne croipas l'avoir ni nommé nidegné, disoit; qu'Heins étois le Prince des docteurs et vous le tyran, par ce que vous les gourmandiez. Sur quoi je n'ai point dit mon avis. Pour la premiere partie, que vous voulez dominer par tout, je ne scai pas au vrai si ce sont mes termes: mais tant y a quand ce les seroient, je n'aurois pas peut être trop mal rencentré. Je ne voi rien qui vous contente de deça, nidola, et c'est où je pourrois vous rendre vos paroles; que vous foulez tout aux pieds. Je laisse ceux de vos quartiers et me conteme de ceux de nôtre France: L'un défend une opinion, dont il recevra avec ceux qui lui adherent de la honte et de la confusion: L'autre bâtit tout son édifice sur un fondement faux et tres faux. Pour le dernier, vous le renverserez uno statu. Pas un de ces Messieurs là n'a jetté aucune pierre en vôtre jardin, au contraire ils y ont planté des fleurs et vous en ont couronné la tête. Voila la reconnoissance qu'ils en reçoivent. Il me semble que c'est vouloir dominer par tout et abbaitre tout. Vos raisons vous semblent excellentes, et je ne nil pas qu'elles ne soient telles, que souvent elles ne portent coup. Mais le vent Borée n'abbat pas toutes les tours contre lesquelles il souffle: et souvent après avoir bien fait du bruit, il se trouve qu'il n'y a qu'une ardoise de cassée. Vous ajoutez, pour ce qui est de la Grace Universelle; je ne suis pas seul de ce sentiment: que plusieurs Eglises de France et toutes celles de vôtre Hollande, et même quelque Ministre de Paris tient vôtre parti. Si vous n'êtes pas seul de vôtre avis, aussi ne suis je pas seul du mien. Si vos doctes vous défendent, les miens ne m'abandonneront pas, et je n'ai pas appris que le nombre doive prevaloir à la raison. S'il est besoin pourtant de compter, nôtre parti ne se trouvera pas denué; en sorte qu'on n'en puisse faire un gros considerable d'anciens et de modernes, de vivans et de morts, dont les noms et la memoire sont en bénédiction. Pour ceux de Hollande s'ils veulent prendre patience, ils auront leur fait. Mais pour celui de Paris que vous pretendez être de vôtre côté, j'en doute fort avec votre permission. Nous avons oui de nos aureilles ce qu'il en a dit en plaine chaire, et qu'il a depuis fait imprimer de son propre mouvements, a fin de croire le contraire de ce que vous me voulez persuader. Lorsque l'E-
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286 CL. S. A. R. R. A. V. I. I would be condemned soon enough, although I may say that the matters in question, and which gave rise to this dispute, are not so elevated that my mediocre ability cannot understand them in order to give my opinion after the others. As for passion, if you take it to mean a zeal and an inclination to defend what I believe to be true, I would still very willingly admit it: and lukewarm minds are not to my taste. But in saying that I am blind and unjust, that is, I believe, where the offence lies, joined with an affected contempt. You complain that I say you want to dominate everywhere, and that I say a doctor of law had reason to call you the tyrant of letters. As for the latter point, I have neither said nor written it; I take the case from my letters; and I do not know who this doctor of law is of whom you speak. I did indeed tell you that a certain fellow, whom I think I neither named nor dignified, said that Heins was the Prince of the doctors and you the tyrant, because you bullied them. On that I have said nothing of my opinion. As for the first part, that you want to dominate everywhere, I do not know for sure whether those are my exact words; but all the same, even if they were, I should perhaps not have been too far off the mark. I see nothing that pleases you this side, nor beyond, and that is where I could return your own words to you; that you trample everything underfoot. I leave those of your quarters and am content with those of our France: one defends an opinion, and with those who adhere to him he will receive shame and confusion: the other builds all his edifice upon a false and very false foundation. As for the latter, you will overthrow it in a moment. Not one of those gentlemen has thrown any stone into your garden; on the contrary, they have planted flowers there and crowned your head with them. Such is the recognition they receive in return. It seems to me that this is wanting to dominate everywhere and to abase everything. Your reasons seem excellent to you, and I do not deny that they are such, that often they carry weight. But the north wind does not bring down all the towers against which it blows: and often after having made a great deal of noise, it turns out that only a tile has been broken. You add, as for Universal Grace, I am not alone in this opinion: that several Churches of France and all those of your Holland, and even some Minister of Paris holds your side. If you are not alone in your view, neither am I alone in mine. If your learned men defend you, mine will not abandon me, and I have not learned that numbers ought to prevail over reason. If, however, it is necessary to count, our party will not be found lacking; so that one could make from it a considerable body of ancients and moderns, of the living and the dead, whose names and memory are in blessing. As for those in Holland, if they choose to be patient, they will have their due. But as for the one in Paris whom you claim is on your side, I very much doubt it, with your permission. We have heard with our own ears what he said about it in the open pulpit, and what he has since had printed of his own accord, in order to believe the contrary of what you would persuade me. When the-
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EPISTOLE 267 l'Ecrit de Mr. du Moulin paroitra, ou verra ce qu'on aura à faire. Mais ce bon homme emploie mal la santé, que Dieu lui a redonnée. On dit qu'il n'a fait que rapetasser un Ecrit à la main, qu'il avoit fait dez le Synode d'Alençon: la reponce en étoit toute faite dez le meme tems, et puis qu'il a trouvé a propos de mouler le sien, il faudra faire le même de la reponce, et alors les non passionnez et les clair voians en jugeront. Pour ce qui est du Livre de Monfr. Blondel, vous dites que je vous ai cent fois bravé. Ca n'avienne, mais comme vous le mettez bien bas, je tâche de ne le pas laisser tomber et je n'ai jamais commencé. C'est vous Monsieur, qui me donnates avis qu'il étoit imprimé, et en même tems en fites un jugement desavantageux et menaciez d'écrire contre lui: ce que vous aviez si fort resolu, que cela a été cause que d'autres ont supprimé ce qu'ils avoient déja fait sur cette matiere. Voila le commencement de l'histoire du fait. A tout cela je n'ai fait que parer: et comme vous abbaissez ce bon personnage qui est l'humilité même, je l'ai relevé en termes de civilité quelquefois à la verité, mais sans vous défier, ni vous prendre à partie qu'autant que vous le voudrez être. Et s'il faut que le nombre serve à notre cause, icy l'opinion que vous pretendez faire revivre, est siflée par tout. Quelques uns pourtant de ces si.ffleurs disent: Laissez faire Monsieur de Saumaise, il deffendra bien cette cause et montrera bien que Monsieur Blondel s'est trempé avec toute sa Chronologie. Puis ils disent: Monsieur de Saumaise a d'autres choses à faire de plus grande consequence que cela, et sa santé ne lui permet pas de faire tout ce qu'il pourroit et qu'il voudroit. De plus ce n'est pas là sa querelle, il fera bien de ne se pas tailler davantage de besogne. A mon sens ce dernier parti n'est pas le pire. Vous appellez par raillerie mes trois mignons trois grands et illustres personnages, estimez de tous ceux qui les connoissent, qui ont eu de la veneration et du respect pour vous: et peutêtre que je n'y ai pas peu servi. Si vous n'êtes pas de leur avis, ils ne soit pas du vôtre, et ne voudroient pas avoir dit de vos Ecrits ce que vous dites des leurs, encore que peutêtre ils y puissent faire quelque égratignure: mais lorsqu'ils vous rencontrent en leur chemin ils baissent la lance. Si pourtant il vous prenoit envie de leur rompre en visière, vous les trouveriez fermes sur les barçons, et que mêmes ils lâchent le coup de pistolet a propos. Vous en voulez fort à cette chetsvepréface des Lettres Grotiennes. Je veux bien que ce soit la mienne, puisque vous le voulez, et il n'y a rien dont je me voulusse dédire pour le present. Peutêtre mon avis n'est il pas bon, mais certes il n'est pas seul, et j'ai des compagnons de mon erreur en grand nombre, et non pas deux ou trois, comme vous estimez. Lorsque celui qui l'a fieite a dit nemo fortius disputat, il ne songeoit rien moins qu'a ce qu'a dit Simplicius Verinus. Vous ravellez fort Monsieur Grotius, lequel plusieurs estiment une des plus belles lumieres des lettres, et dont le nom doit être honoré. En mon particulier j'en ai reçu de l'amitié, et j'ai beaucoup appris en sa conversation, l'ariant connu. et fréquenté il y a plus de vingteinq ans lors qu'etant échappé de prison Ll 2
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EPISTLE 267 Mr. du Moulin’s writing will appear, or we shall see what must be done. But this good man is making poor use of the health God has restored to him. It is said that he has done nothing but patch together by hand a writing which he had made since the Alençon Synod: the reply to it was already fully prepared at the same time; and since he has found it fit to shape his own, it will be necessary to do the same with the reply, and then the impartial and clear-sighted will judge. As for Mr. Blondel’s book, you say that I have defied you a hundred times. So be it; but since you set it so low, I try not to let it fall, and I have never begun. It was you, Sir, who gave me notice that it had been printed, and at the same time passed an unfavorable judgment on it and threatened to write against it: you had resolved this so firmly that it caused others to suppress what they had already done on this subject. There is the beginning of the story of the affair. To all this I have done nothing but parry: and as you lower this good man, who is humility itself, I have raised him in terms of courtesy, sometimes, it is true, but without defying you, or taking you to task, except insofar as you may wish to be. And if the number of voices is to serve our cause, here the opinion you seek to revive is hissed everywhere. Some of those hissing voices, however, say: Let Mr. de Saumaise do it; he will defend this cause well enough and will show well enough that Mr. Blondel has blundered in all his chronology. Then they say: Mr. de Saumaise has other things to do, of greater consequence than that, and his health does not permit him to do everything he could and would like to do. Moreover, that is not his quarrel; he will do well not to cut out still more work for himself. In my view, this last course is not the worst. You call, in mockery, my three favorites three great and illustrious persons, esteemed by all who know them, who have had veneration and respect for you; and perhaps I have not contributed little to that. If you are not of their opinion, they are not of yours, and would not wish to have spoken of your writings as you speak of theirs, though perhaps they may be able to make some slight scratch upon them; but when they meet you on their path they lower the lance. If, however, you should take it into your head to challenge them, you would find them firm in the saddle, and even letting fly the pistol shot at the proper time. You are very much against that small preface to the Grotian Letters. I am willing that it be mine, since you wish it so, and for the present there is nothing from which I would wish to recant. Perhaps my opinion is not a good one, but certainly it is not mine alone, and I have many companions in my error, and not only two or three, as you suppose. When the man who wrote it said nemo fortius disputat, he was thinking of nothing less than what Simplicius Verinus said. You greatly disparage Mr. Grotius, whom many regard as one of the finest lights of learning, and whose name ought to be honored. Personally, I have received kindness from him, and I learned much in his conversation, having known and frequented him more than twenty-five years ago, when, having escaped from prison Ll 2
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CL. SARRAVI son il se retira en cette ville. J'ai recherché son amitié comme j'ai recherché la vôtre, tenant à grand avantage d'être connu, & si je puis l'obtenir, d'être aimé des grands hommes. Et en effet je n'y ai perdu tous mes pas. Vous dites que je le loué de sa moderation en la religion. C'est ce que je n'ai ni dit, ni écrit, ni pensé; dites moi où. Je n'ai garde de toucher cette chorde la, car je n'y trouverois pas ma satisfaction: & je ne lui ai pas celé, que quel- que bon dessein qu'il dit avoir, il ne s'y prenoit pas de bonne maniere. Vous me reprochez de ne lui avoir pas été fidel ami, & d'avoir envoié les feuilles toutes mouillées de son Votum à son adversaire. Si je n'écrivois pas à Monsieur de Saumasse, je ne me retiendrois pas en ce lieu, & je m'écrierois contre cet outrage & cette horrible calomnie. Voicy ce que j'ai fait au vrai. Je priai le Libraire qui l'imprimoit de m'en donner un exemplaire des premiers, après que l'auteur auroit été servi des fiens. Il en porta cinquante un samedy matin à Monsieur Grotius, & m'en porta un au retour de chez son Excellence, que je mis dans le pacquet que je faisois pour Monsr. Rivet. * * * * Vous dites ensuite que ne lui aiant pas fait un tour d'ami, il eut raison de me fermer la porte, & que j'y ai voulu rentrer par des moïens recherchez, qui ne vous sont pas inconnus. Je me suis defendu de ce que vous blasonnez tour d'ami, dans la pure verité. Pour la porte qu'il m'a fermée. Il est vrai que vers ce tems là il lui prit une bumeur de la refuser à plusieurs de ses amis d'une & d'autre religion: & je me trouvai dans le nombre commun, & peut-être parce qu'il voioit que je l'avois desobligé en ce que vous avez marqué cy dessus. Mais j'y suis rentré quand j'ai voulu. Lorsque je scûs qu'il étoit rappellé, comme j'avois eu part depuis long tems à son amitié, il me fâchoit de le laisser partir sans le voir. Messieurs Dupuy, Bignon, Justel & quelques autres ne le voioient point non plus, que moi. Les premiers y furent, & y menerent Monsr. Menage. Comme je fus averti de leur dessein, je priai Monsr. Menage de lui faire mes civilitez, & de lui dire que je l'irois voir. Il répondit que je serois le tres bien venu. Sur cela j'y allai, & fus avec lui la veille de son départ tête à tête plus de trois heures, car il avoit fait dire aux autres qu'il étoit parti, de manière que j'en sortis fort content: incensum animum inflamnavit amore. Si vous ne scavez autre chose que cela, vous êtes fort mal informé. Vous craignez au reste, que mon amitié se refroidisse & puis s'éteigne envers vous. La perte seroit grande de ma part, & telle que j'ai peine à concevoir une plus grande affliction que je passe recevoir en ma vie, si ce n'est la perte de ma femme & de mes chers enfans. Mais il me semble que vous n'en faites pas la même estime, quand vous me pirouettez de la sorte que vous faites, & m'en donnez à tors & à travers. Pour moi tant que je vivrai, je veux être vôtre ami & vôtre serviteur: estimant vôtre amitié un precieux preser, je ferai tout ce que je pourrai au monde pour me la conserver. Mais je * Desun: octo circulux unex.
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CL. SARRAVI His son retired to that city. I sought his friendship as I sought yours, considering it a great advantage to be known, and, if I could obtain it, to be loved by great men. And indeed I did not lose my time there. You say that I praised him for his moderation in religion. That is something I neither said, nor wrote, nor thought; tell me where. I took care not to touch that string there, for I should not find satisfaction in it; and I did not conceal from him that, whatever good intention he said he had, he did not go about it in a good manner. You reproach me for not having been a faithful friend to him, and for having sent the sheets, all wet, of his Votum to his opponent. If I were not writing to Monsieur de Saumasse, I would not restrain myself here, and I would cry out against this outrage and this horrible calumny. Here is what I actually did. I asked the bookseller who was printing it to give me one copy among the first, after the author had been served with his. He brought fifty-one on Saturday morning to Monsieur Grotius, and brought me one on returning from his Excellency's, which I put in the packet I was making for Monsr. Rivet. * * * * You then say that, not having done him a friendly turn, he was right to shut the door to me, and that I wanted to get back in by sought-out means, which are not unknown to you. I defended myself against what you call a friendly turn, in the pure truth. As for the door that he shut to me, it is true that around that time he took a humor of refusing it to several of his friends of both religions; and I found myself among the common number, perhaps because he saw that I had displeased him in what you marked above. But I got back in whenever I wanted. When I learned that he had been recalled, since I had long had a share in his friendship, it grieved me to let him depart without seeing him. Messieurs Dupuy, Bignon, Justel, and a few others did not see him either, any more than I did. The first went there, and brought Monsr. Menage with them. As soon as I was informed of their intention, I asked Monsr. Menage to present my compliments to him, and to tell him that I would come to see him. He replied that I would be most welcome. On that, I went there, and was with him the day before his departure tête à tête for more than three hours, for he had had it said to the others that he had already left, so that I came away from there very content: incensum animum inflamnavit amore. If you know nothing other than that, you are very poorly informed. Besides, you fear that my friendship will grow cold and then die out toward you. The loss would be great on my part, and such that I can scarcely imagine a greater affliction than I should receive in my life, except the loss of my wife and my dear children. But it seems to me that you do not make the same estimate of it when you treat me as you do, and give me blows right and left. For my part, as long as I live, I want to be your friend and your servant: considering your friendship a precious treasure, I will do everything I can in the world to preserve it for myself. But I * Desun: octo circulux unex.
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EPISTOLÆ. 269 je ne suis pas stupide ni insensible, quand on me pique jusques au vif, comme vous avez fait. Désormais s'il faut acheter vos bonnes graces à ce prix là, quand vous me donnerez sur une jouë, je vous tendrai l'autre, & suivant le précepte Euangelique πυπωτω & ἀπιθαλω. Pour cette fois je vous prie de m'excuser & même de me pardonner; si en me défendant j'ai peut-être dit quelque chose qui vous ait deplu, nolim dictum, nolim factum. Et vous supplie de m'aimer comme vous avez fait autre fois, & je vous rendrai tou- te ma vie mes respects & services tres humbles, étant MONSIEUR, A Paris. Votre tres humble & tres obeissant Serviteur SARRAU. EXTRAIT des Lettres François de Monfr. SARRAU à Monfr. de SAUMAISE. Abrot écrivant a Rome au jeune Heins, il lui mandoit que son pere étoit Eruditorum Princeps & Salmasius Eruditorum tyrannus, par ce que ce dernier les gourmande & les traite d'étrange sorte. Que vous semble de cette pensée. Pour la premiere partie elle est ridicule. Pour la seconde, il y a quel- que chose qui approche du vraisemblable. A Paris le XIX. Avril. CIC XLVII. Ambecius neveux d'Holstein me rendit avant hier une lettre, que vous lui aviez donnée de recommandation auprès de moi. Comme vous y par- lez de son oncle avec honneur, il me l'a demandée: Ie desire, dit il, qu'elle me serve étant à Rome pour appaiser mon oncle, qui est irrité de ce que Simpli- cius Verinus l'a si mal traité. Ainsi je la lui ai donné tres volontiers. L'E- loge d'Eruditorum tyrannus vous convient, ence que vous les gourmandez d'étrange façon, in virga ferrea, à corps de barre & quelquefois d'étrivitre. A Paris le X. Mai. CIC XLVII. Pour le Nassa de César se non è vero, è ben trovato. Les nouveautez plaisent, & à présent qu'on raffolle après les Généalogies, les plus anciennes sont toujours les plus belles. Mais de ce Nassa au dernier Guillaume se trouveront quelque fenêtres, comme ils parlent en leur jargon, qu'ils au- ront peine à remplir. Le Livre de Monfr. Bochart se debite icy depuis plus de deux mois. Il est en fort grande reputation. Et comme c'est un Ecrit extrêmement modeste ne choquant personne, chacun le louë. Ceux qui le mettent au plus haut disent, c'est un livre pour faire jalousie à Monfr. de Saumaise. Vous y êtes cité & loué plus de soixante fois. Aussi ai-je bien voulu rompre commerce avec Monfr. Rivet: depuis six mois tantôt que je suis retour, il a eu deux des miennes, & moi autant des siennes. Nous voila quittes & bons amis. A Paris le XIV. Iuin. CIC XLVII. L 1 3 7e
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EPISTOLÆ. 269 I am neither stupid nor insensitive, when one pricks me to the quick, as you have done. Henceforth, if one must buy your good graces at that price, when you give me one cheek, I shall turn the other, and according to the Evangelical precept πυπωτω & ἀπιθαλω. For this time I beg you to excuse me, and even to pardon me; if in defending myself I perhaps said something that displeased you, nolim dictum, nolim factum. And I entreat you to love me as you once did, and I shall render you all my life my most humble respects and services, being MONSIEUR, At Paris. Your very humble and very obedient Servant SARRAU. EXTRACT from the Letters of M. SARRAU to M. de SAUMAISE. Abrot, writing in Rome to young Heins, told him that his father was Eruditorum Princeps and Saumaise Eruditorum tyrannus, because the latter scolds them and treats them in a strange manner. What do you think of this thought? For the first part it is ridiculous. For the second, there is something that comes close to the plausible. At Paris, the XIX. April. 1647. Ambecius, Holstein's nephew, handed me the day before yesterday a letter which you had given him as a recommendation to me. As you speak in it of his uncle with honor, he asked for it: I desire, he said, that it may serve me when I am in Rome to appease my uncle, who is irritated because Simplicius Verinus has treated him so badly. So I gave it to him most willingly. The praise of Eruditorum tyrannus suits you, in that you scold them in a strange way, in virga ferrea, with a bar across the body and sometimes with the spur. At Paris the X. May. 1647. As for the Nassa of Caesar, if it is not true, it is well found. New things please, and now that people are crazy for genealogies, the oldest are always the best. But from this Nassa to the last William there will be found some windows, as they say in their jargon, which they will have difficulty filling. M. Bochart's book has been sold here for more than two months. It is in very great repute. And since it is a writing extremely modest and offending no one, everyone praises it. Those who set it highest say, it is a book to arouse jealousy in M. de Saumaise. You are cited and praised in it more than sixty times. I have also been willing to break off commerce with M. Rivet: since I came back, now six months ago, he has had two of mine, and I as many of his. We are quits and good friends. At Paris the XIV. June. 1647. L 1 3 7e
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CL. S A R R A V I I Je me garderai bien de faire sçavoir à Mr. Herault la bonne volonté que vous avez pour lui en procurant l'impression de son gros livre, car je craindrois qu'il ne vous p[er]it au mot. Ne croiez pas qu'il soit si mal avisé de le faire imprimer à ses depens. Outre que sa bource en pâtiroit, il se priveroit des entretiens ordinaires, qu'il a avec ceux qui le vont visiter, auquels il en lit de grandes pièces, tant qu'on en baille. Tenet occiditque legendo. Et les auditeurs disent, Euge! Cela est merveilleux, il n'y scauroit répondre: Voila un homme perdu. Est il possible que Monsr. de Saumaise ait fait tant de fautes? Et c'est de quoi ils paient leur hôte, qui est satisfait de son livre sans le publier autrement. Ni Monsr. Heins, ni Monsr. Grotius ne m'avoient pas satisfait sur cet [mercurius] [Luna] [Luna] des Actes. Vous en approchez de plus prés. Ne seroit ce point ce qu'un ancien Historien a dit, Princeps Legationis ejus fuit. Il portoit la parole. Mais il faut que cet [mercurius] [Luna] se rapporte à Mercure, et à Paul par comparaison à lui. Ce sera une chasse pour vous Monsieur, lorsque vous entreprendrez cette belle carrière du Nouveau Testament. Mais quand sera ce? L'Angleterre n'a point de plus beaux livres que Paris; soit Manuscrits soit imprimez, nous ne leur envions rien. La Bibliothèque du Roi et celle des deux freres, de Mr. de Thou, des Cardinaux Richelieu et Mazarin, et celle de Monsr. le Chancelier n'ont rien qui les vaile &c. A Paris, ce XXVII. Iuin. CIC IIC XLVII. Vous aurez appris par mes dernières les raisons pour lesquelles vous n'avez pas été satisfait du Livre de Monsr. Bochart. Ce que vous avez vû n'est pas le meilleur. La seconde partie de Coloniis & sermone Phoenicum est plus ample et plus divertissante: sans doute vous y pourrez trouver à reprendre, et qui est ce qui ne fait point de fautes? Il suffit que le gros soit épurué pour donner passeport auresse. Tout l'œuvre roule sur deux principes certains, le dixieme de la Genese est le premier, et le second est le déchassement des habitans de Chanaan de devant les enfans d'Israël. Et où sont ils allez? c'est ce qu'il découvre avec un monde de merveille, les suivant par tout où ils ont laissé quelque traces. A Paris, ce V. Juillet. CIC IIC XLVII. ON n'est pas ici si degouté des Ecrits de Monsr. Grotius, qu'en vos quartiers. Sa reputation n'est en rien diminuée par sa mort; et ses livres sur les Actes et sur les Epitres ont quelque chose qui ne merise pas d'être si peu estimé. Mais de science, comme d'autres choses chacun a son goût; et ce n'est pas merveille si les Ecrits de Monsr. Daillé ne sont pas encore fort estimez en vos Provinces, c'est qu'on ne les connoit pas. Lors qu'on les aura envisagé de plus prés, j'espère du changement. A Paris ce XI. Iuillet CIC IIC XLVII. Monsieur, Vous continuez en vôtre derniere à reprendre Monsr. Bochart, et en ce faisant à m'apprendre toujours quelque belle chose. Mais en recompence vous
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CL. S A R R A V I I I shall be very careful not to let Mr. Herault know the good will you have toward him in procuring the printing of his big book, for I should fear that he would take you at your word. Do not think him so ill-advised as to have it printed at his own expense. Besides that his purse would suffer by it, he would deprive himself of the ordinary conversations he has with those who come to visit him, to whom he reads great portions of it, until they are yawning. Tenet occiditque legendo. And the listeners say, Euge! This is wonderful; he can answer nothing to it: There is a man lost. Is it possible that Monsr. de Saumaise has made so many faults? And it is for this that they pay their host, who is satisfied with his book without publishing it otherwise. Neither Monsr. Heins nor Monsr. Grotius had satisfied me about this [mercurius] [Luna] [Luna] of the Acts. You come nearer to it. Might it not be what an ancient Historian said, Princeps Legationis ejus fuit. He was the spokesman. But this [mercurius] [Luna] must refer to Mercury, and to Paul by comparison with him. It will be a chase for you, Monsieur, when you undertake this fine career of the New Testament. But when will that be? England has no finer books than Paris; manuscripts or printed books alike, we envy them nothing. The King's Library, and those of the two brothers, of Mr. de Thou, of the Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin, and that of Monsr. the Chancellor, have nothing to equal them &c. At Paris, this XXVII. June. CIC IIC XLVII. You will have learned from my last letters the reasons why you were not satisfied with Monsr. Bochart's book. What you have seen is not the best. The second part of Coloniis & sermone Phoenicum is fuller and more entertaining: no doubt you will be able to find fault with it, and who is it that makes no mistakes? It is enough that the whole be purged to give it free passage. The whole work turns on two certain principles: the tenth chapter of Genesis is the first, and the second is the expulsion of the inhabitants of Canaan from before the children of Israel. And where have they gone? That is what he discovers with a world of wonder, following them everywhere they have left some traces. At Paris, this V. July. CIC IIC XLVII. ONE is not here so disgusted with the writings of Monsr. Grotius as in your parts. His reputation is in no way diminished by his death; and his books on the Acts and on the Epistles have something in them that does not deserve to be so little esteemed. But in matters of learning, as in other things, each person has his taste; and it is no wonder if the writings of Monsr. Daillé are not yet much esteemed in your Provinces, since they are not known. When they have been examined more closely, I hope for a change. At Paris, this XI. July CIC IIC XLVII. Monsieur, You continue in your last letter to criticize Monsr. Bochart, and in doing so to teach me always something fine. But in return you
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EPISTOLÆ. 271 vous me traitez fort mal. A vous ouir dire, je foule aux pieds quelques uns de mes amis & relie les autres: vous vous appercevez que c'est sans grande connoissance. Ie ne juge que par passion, & mesure les auteurs à l'aune de mon affection. Me voila barbouillé d'étrange sorte, & d'un autre que de vous Monsieur, pour qui j'ai bien du respect, je n'endurerois pas ces outrages. Vous voulez que je surve vos sentiments à yeux clos, & quand je les aurois bien grands, je n'y trouverois pas la satisfaction que j'y cherche. Ie vous prie de me laisser la liberté de mon suffrage pour Messrs. Blondel, Amyrault & Bochart. Vous voulez vaincre par tout, & l'on se défend de deçà fort vigoureusement, ce n'est pas qu'une forte main comme la vôtre ne puisse faire des plaies, & blesser dangéreusement son adversaire, mais pour cela on ne trébucher pas. Traitez moi deformaiss s'il vous plait avec plus d'equité: Et ne me croiez pas insensible, encore que je ne repousse pas toujours toutes les attaques que vous me portez. Et au surplus brisons là dessus & que chacun croie ce qu'il voudra, &c. A Paris, ce xi. Octobre. 1616. Monsieur, Ie suis ravi que vous soyez tout de bon après la Papesse, & je serai bien aise quelqu'attachement que j'aie avec Monsr. Blondel, que vous l'étrilliez de sorte sur ce sujet là, que ni lui ni d'autres n'osent plus jamais y revenir. Ce n'est pas que je n'en croie la besogne difficile & pleine de grandes difficultez: mais puisque vous l'entreprenez si résolument, je veux croire que vous les avez prévues, & que vous avez de quoi y remedier. Pour le Latin de Monsr. Blondel, je ne vous puis encore dire s'il trouvera bon qu'on vous l'envoie. Vôtre tâche croitroit de beaucoup, s'il vous le falloit refuter tout du long. Mais la substance & le principal est dans le François. A la huitaine je vous dirai ce que vous en devez esperer. Cependant on m'avoit dit une chose que je trouvois probable; c'est que vous faitsez imprimer l'Anastase entier avec des Notes, qui éclaircisoient une infinité des mots fâcheux qui y fourmillent. Que vous mettiez la vie de la Papesse entre Leon & Benoit d'où vous prétendez que les Iesuites l'ont arrachée: & que de là vous prenez sujet de prouver la verité de cette histoire contre ceux qui l'ont impugnée depuis environ un siècle &c. A Paris, ce vi. Decembre. 1616. Monsieur, Votre longue histoire de la vocation de Mr. Morus, rompuë par les intrigués & par les fourbes des contraires aux Saumurois, est digne de la basse sasse & de la friponnerie de l'esprit de ces Messieurs. Toute leur vie n'est remplie que de semblables artifices, par lesquels ils ont prévalu jusques à présent sur plusieurs infirmes & peu elair voians. J'avois donné quelques espérances à Mr. Morus dont il sera fâché de se voir déchu. Ie n'oserois sans vôtre ordre exprès lui faire le détail dont vous m'entretenez; il me semble que vous le fe- rez
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EPISTOLÆ. 271 you treat me very badly. From the way you speak, I trample underfoot some of my friends and coddle the others: you can see that this is without much knowledge. I judge only by passion, and measure authors by the yardstick of my own affection. I am besmeared in a strange manner, and by no one other than you, Sir, for whom I have much respect, would I endure such outrages. You want me to follow your sentiments with my eyes closed, and even if I had them very broad, I should not find there the satisfaction I seek. I beg you to leave me the liberty of my vote for Messrs. Blondel, Amyraut, and Bochart. You wish to conquer everywhere, and on this side people defend themselves very vigorously; it is not that a strong hand like yours cannot deal wounds and dangerously injure its adversary, but for all that one does not stumble. Treat me henceforth, if you please, with more equity, and do not believe me insensible, though I do not always repel all the attacks you make upon me. And moreover, let us break off on this subject, and let each believe what he will, etc. At Paris, this 11th of October, 1616. Sir, I am delighted that you are seriously after the Papesse, and I shall be very glad, whatever attachment I may have to Monsr. Blondel, that you should give him such a drubbing on that subject that neither he nor others will ever dare return to it again. Not that I do not think the task difficult and full of great difficulties; but since you undertake it so resolutely, I wish to believe that you have foreseen them, and that you have what is needed to remedy them. As for Monsr. Blondel’s Latin, I cannot yet tell you whether he will be willing for it to be sent to you. Your task would greatly increase if you had to refute it all the way through. But the substance and the main point are in French. In eight days I shall tell you what you may expect of it. Meanwhile I had been told something that seemed probable to me: namely, that you are having the whole Anastasis printed with Notes, which would clarify an infinity of the troublesome words that swarm there. That you place the life of the Papesse between Leo and Benedict, from which you claim the Jesuits tore it away; and that from there you take occasion to prove the truth of this story against those who have impugned it for about a century, etc. At Paris, this 6th of December, 1616. Sir, Your long story of Mr. Morus’s vocation, broken off by the schemes and the trickeries of the adversaries of the people of Saumur, is worthy of the low cunning and knavery of the minds of those gentlemen. Their whole life is filled only with such artifices, by which they have up to now prevailed over many weak and little clear-sighted men. I had given Mr. Morus some hopes, from which he will be sorry to find himself fallen. I would not dare, without your express order, give him the account you mention; it seems to me that you will
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CL. SARRAVI rez de meilleure grace que moi, qui ne pourrois que copier ce que vous m'en avez mandé. A Paris ce 10. Janvier. C13 ICXLVIII. Monsieur, I L est fâcheux que vous aïez encore Mr. Sp. pour ennemi. Mais il est im- possible de vivre avec cette sorte de gens sans se brouiller, si on ne se gâte avec eux, quod absit. Je n'ai pas grand regret de me voir defait de leur communication. La Harangue de Pace m'a este donnée pour vous la faire tenir par le Sieur Morus le jeune, qui est Ministre à Orleans, fort gentil personnage, aussi bien que son frere &c. A Paris ce XXIV. Janvier. C13 ICXLVIII. Monsieur Aubertin a publié par force une Anatomie du livre de la Mil- letière, de la Transsubstantiation, qui ne vous deplairoit pas, car il est de haut goût. Ne croiez pas qu'il se taise, ni qu'il veuille avoir le der- nier. Mons[ieu]r Rochart me mande qu'il a des lettres de Hollande, que Mr. Boxbornius écrit contre lui, & que vous lui aidez de vos bons avis, ne croiant pas vous avoir obligé à un tel traitement. Il lui seroit plus honorable, ce dit-il, d'avoir à faire à vous directement, & que vous lui fissiez une bonne & ou- verte guerre, en laquelle se deffendant avec honneur & de toute sa force, il pourroit peut-être vous satisfaire &c. A Paris ce XXVIII. Fevrier. C13 ICXLVIII. Monsieur. Par ma première lettre perduë je vous promettois que si vous vou- liez faire appeller Mr. Morus à Amsterdam, il suivroit cette honorable vocation de Pasteur en l'Eglise Françoise & de Professeur en Philosophie; seu- lement que la qualité de Professeur en Philosophie fut un peu relevée de nom ho- norable, comme de Philosophie sacrée ou de Metaphysique extraordinaire, en un mot tel qu'il sera jugé à propos, à fin qu'on ne lui imputât pas d'être d'é- chu entièrement. Et neanmoins il ne laisseroit pas de faire le Commentaire, & même de le dîcter s'il est nécessaire, & si c'est la coutume. Sur cela agis- sez & faites ce qu'il vous plaira. Mais il ne tiendra qu'à vous de l'avoir, & vous y aurez un fidel amy &c. A Paris ce XVII. Avril. C13 ICXLVIII. Monsieur. Pour ce qui est de Mr. Morus, vous aurez reçu par une addresse que vous avez avec la mienne, une seconde Attestation de la Seigneurie de Genève, confirmative de la premiere rumpantur utilia Codro. Les pa- rens de vôtre voisin s'y sont opposez, demandans a[n]te, que leur parent n'y étoit point compris, à quoi l'on n'a eu aucun égard. C'est à dire qu'il est au dessus du vent & plus fort qu'eux. Utinam eussiez vous une seconde harangue in qua ô ovo Carne male habetur. Un vieux Ministre a fait imprimer une Lettre ad Clariss. Virum D. Spanhemium sur ses trois volumes, où il n'est pas de son sen-
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CL. SARRAVI replies with better grace than I, who could only copy what you have sent me. In Paris, this 10 January. 1648. Sir, It is unfortunate that you still have Mr. Sp. as an enemy. But it is impossible to live with that sort of people without quarrelling, if one does not become corrupted with them, quod absit. I do not greatly regret being freed from their company. Pace’s Harangue was given to me so that I might have it conveyed to you by Sieur Morus the younger, who is Minister at Orléans, a very agreeable man, as well as his brother, etc. In Paris this 24 January. 1648. Monsieur Aubertin has forcibly published an Anatomy of Milletière’s book on Transubstantiation, which would not displease you, for it is of a high style. Do not think that he will be silent, nor that he will want to have the last word. Mons[ieu]r Rochart writes to me that he has letters from Holland, that Mr. Boxbornius is writing against him, and that you are helping him with your good advice, not believing that he had obliged you to such treatment. It would be more honorable for him, he says, to have to deal with you directly, and for you to wage a good and open war on him, in which, defending himself with honor and with all his strength, he might perhaps satisfy you, etc. In Paris this 28 February. 1648. Sir. By my first letter, which was lost, I promised you that if you wished Mr. Morus to be summoned to Amsterdam, he would follow that honorable calling as Pastor in the French Church and Professor in Philosophy; only that the title of Professor in Philosophy should be somewhat elevated by a more honorable name, such as Sacred Philosophy or Extraordinary Metaphysics, in a word whatever shall be judged appropriate, so that he should not be reckoned entirely as fallen. And nevertheless he would not fail to write the Commentary, and even to dictate it if necessary, and if that is the custom. On that matter, act and do as you please. But it will depend only on you to have him, and you will find there a faithful friend, etc. In Paris this 17 April. 1648. Sir. As for Mr. Morus, you will have received through an address that you have along with mine, a second Attestation from the Seigneurie of Geneva, confirming the first, rumpantur utilia Codro. The relatives of your neighbor opposed it there, asking, before anything, that their kinsman was not included in it, to which no regard was paid. That is to say that he is above the wind and stronger than they are. Utinam you had a second harangue in qua ô ovo Carne male habetur. An old Minister has had printed a Letter ad Clariss. Virum D. Spanhemium on his three volumes, where he is not of his sen-
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EPISTOLA 273 sentiment. Si vous la vouliez faire imprimer, je vous en ferois tenir un exemplaire. Il n'y a que trois feuilles &c. A Paris ce 24. Avril. 1648. Monsieur. Mr. Morus me mande qu'on fait courir le bruit à G. que aviez vous écrit à quelqu'un, qu'il vous avoit importunément & bassement sollicite de lui trouver quelque place en Hollande, lors qu'il ne pensoit à rien moins: ce qui le rend tres odieux. Et en suite m'assurant que cela n'est point, il a lieu de croire que quand il seroit vrai, vous lui auriez garde fidelité, ne lui faisant pas ce sort de le dire, moins encore de l'écrire. Il me prie donc de vous supplier, lors- que vous écrirez à Mr. Godefroy, ou quelqu'autre, de vouloir leur faire entendre, que cela est faux: en quoi faisant vous le déchargez d'un blâme, qui lui est presque universellement imputé, & lui fait plus de tort, que tout ce que ses ennemis ont jusqu'apresent dit de lui. Vous le pouvez ce me semble obliger en cette occasion & dire que ce que vous en avez fait, ça été par l'amitié, que vous aviez pour lui, & si vous voulez à ma recommendation, je ne vous en dédirai pas &c. A Paris ce 15. Mai. 1648. Monsieur. Pour ce qui regarde ce que vous devez désormais écrire, vous ne dependez en cela non plus de moi que de personne du monde. Ie m'étonne seulement que vous changiez tous les jours de desseins & cherchiez de nouveaux sujets, pendant que vous en avez tant de vieux, auquels vous êtes engagé, & que l'on attend de vous avec plus d'impatience que ceux d'Astrologie & de Physique. Vôtre de Vitæ Termino est demandé il y a long tems. Vôtre Arnobe, vôtre Anthologie, vos traitez de Tertullien, vos Usures de Iustinien, vôtre Pline, vos Homonymes des Plantes, vôtre suite de simplicibus, & celle de Primatu. En voula assez de quoi choisir, sans que je prenne en main le catalogue qui j'ai autrefois fait de ce que vous avez promis il y a dix, vingt & trente ans, que vous avez oublié, & nous non &c. A Paris ce 26. Iuin. 1648. Monsieur. A present vous me dites que ce n'est pas le dernier, à quoi vous travaillez, & que je ne scaurai point ce que c'est qu'après que l'imprimeur aura commencé à faire rouler sa presse. Ie suis content que ce soit tout ce qu'il vous plaira, & quoi qu'en disent ces autres, dont vous vous mocquez avec raison, je n'ai jamais prétendu manier vôtre plume. Au contraire vos amis se plaignent, que vous ne faites rien de ce dont ils vous prient, & que vos ennemis au contraire ont l'avantage de vous faire écrire de ce qu'il leur plait. Ils n'ont qu'à vous barceler, & vous leur repondez sans vouloir passer pour muet, ni avoir le dernier. Il nous semble pourtant qu'il seroit de meilleure grace, de suivre vos anciens desseins, que d'entreprendre tous les jours de nouveaux, selon que les occasions se presentent &c. A Paris ce x. Iuillet. CICIXXLVIII. Mm IN
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EPISTLE 273 feeling. If you wanted to have it printed, I would have a copy sent to you. It is only three sheets, etc. In Paris this 24th of April, 1648. Monsieur. Mr. Morus writes to me that a rumor is being spread at G. that you had written to someone that he had importuned and basely solicited you to find him some place in Holland, when he was thinking of nothing less: which makes him most odious. And then assuring me that this is not so, he has reason to believe that, even if it were true, you would have kept faith with him, not doing him the injury of saying it, much less of writing it. He therefore begs me to entreat you, when you write to Mr. Godefroy or anyone else, to let them understand that this is false: by doing which you free him from a reproach almost universally laid upon him, and which does him more harm than all that his enemies have said of him up to now. It seems to me you can oblige him in this occasion, and say that what you have done for him has been out of the friendship you had for him, and if you wish, at my recommendation, I shall not deny it &c. In Paris this 15th of May, 1648. Monsieur. As for what concerns what you must henceforth write, in that you depend no more on me than on anyone in the world. I am only astonished that you change your plans every day and seek out new subjects, while you have so many old ones to which you are committed, and which are awaited from you with more impatience than those on Astrology and Physics. Your De Vitæ Termino has long been requested. Your Arnobe, your Anthology, your treatises on Tertullian, your Usures of Iustinian, your Pline, your Homonyms of Plants, your continuation of simplicibus, and that of Primatu. There is plenty to choose from, without my taking in hand the catalogue I once made of what you have promised for ten, twenty, and thirty years, which you have forgotten, and we have not &c. In Paris this 26th of June, 1648. Monsieur. Now you tell me that it is not the last thing on which you are working, and that I shall not know what it is until after the printer has begun to set his press in motion. I am content that it be whatever pleases you, and whatever those others may say, whom you mock with reason, I have never pretended to handle your pen. On the contrary, your friends complain that you do nothing of what they ask you, and that your enemies, on the other hand, have the advantage of making you write what pleases them. They have only to tease you, and you answer them without wishing to pass for mute, or to have the last word. Yet it seems to us that it would be more becoming to follow your former plans than to undertake new ones every day, according as occasions present themselves &c. In Paris this x. July. CICIXXLVIII. Mm IN
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CL. SARRAVIUS IN EXIMIUM OPUS SUMMI VIRI SAMUELIS BOCHARTI De Geographia Sacra. N Umine placato facies cum reddita terris Prima fuit, solis octo superstitibus: Queis prima emergens regio est habitata colonis; Traxit &c unde suos insula quæque viros: Priscorum mendax commenta est fabula vatum, Sincerumque nihil, nil sine labe fuit. Sordibus ex istis densa & caligine lucem Eruere, humanæ non fuit artis opus. Desperata aliis unus tentare BOCHARTUS Ausus, & ignotas primus inire vias. Huic promunt Arabes, Phoenix, Chaldæus & Indus, Quas proprio gazas continuere sinu. Purior & lacris hauritur fontibus unda, Divite quam vena nobile fundit opus. CL. SARRAVIUS Senator Parisensis. IN CRITICAM SACRAM Viri Reverendi & doctissimi LUD. CAPPELLI. E Narratores Antiqui Foederis, illi Clari, Theudotion, Symmachus, atque Aquila; Et DECIES SEPTEM faciunt queisnomina CELLÆ, Hellenistarum ut fabula nota canit: In varios abeunt sensus, concordia sæpe Exulat, hisque uno non datur ore loqui. Scilicet humano captu scribuntque leguntque; Inde errant variis ille vel ille modis. Est tamen Hebræi certissima lectio textus: Una est, sincera est; intemerata manet. Hactenus ambigua est perversi erroris origo: & Quis velit torrentes explicuisse vias, Quæritur? Ecce tibi CAPPELLUS pellere doctus Nubila, quæ mentes obtenebrare solent; Et
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CL. SARRAVIUS On the most excellent work of the great man Samuel Bochart, On Sacred Geography. When, after the appeased face of the deity had been restored to the earth, the first age existed, with only eight survivors: By whom the first region emerging was inhabited by settlers; and so forth, whence each island drew its own men. The false tale of the ancient poets has lied; and nothing was pure, nothing without stain. From those filths and thick darkness, to bring out light was no task for human skill. BOCHART alone, though despairing others had tried, dared to attempt, and first to enter unknown paths. To him the Arab, the Phœnix, the Chaldean, and the Indian reveal the treasures they have stored within their own bosom. A purer stream is drawn from sacred springs than the noble work pours forth from its rich vein. CL. SARRAVIUS Senator of Paris. On Sacred Criticism of the Most Reverend and Most Learned LUD. CAPELLUS. The narrators of the Old Covenant, those famous ones, Theodotion, Symmachus, and Aquila; and the seventeen times ten whose names make up the chamber, as the well-known story of the Hellenists sings: they pass into various meanings, concord often is banished, and these are not allowed to speak with one voice. Indeed, they write and read according to human understanding; therefore this man and that man err in various ways. Yet the reading of the Hebrew text is most certain: it is one, it is sincere; it remains undefiled. Thus far the origin of perverse error is ambiguous; and who would wish to have unraveled the paths of torrents, it is asked? Behold, CAPELLUS is skilled to drive away the clouds that are accustomed to darken minds; and
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EPISTOLA Et calami incertos titubantis quærere lapsus; Et lucem obscuris addere mille locis. Convenient omnes, nulla est discordia: In uno PRIMAEO HEBRAEO CODICE certa fides. Frustra es BUXTORFI, nulla est hic causa timoris, Est hoc pacis Opus, nec nova bella feret. CL. SARRAVIUS Senator Parisiensis. EPISTOLA CCLXXIV. TAN. FABER S. D. Claudio Sarravio. Lutetiam. Quid causæ sit, SARRAVI CLARISSIME, cur, cum infi- nita prope puerorum multitudo quotidie literarum professoribus in disci- plinam tradatur, tam paucos tamen reperias, quivel mediocrem aliquam illo- rum cognitionem post incredibilem & temporis & pecunia jacturam assequan- tur? Scio esse perquam plurimos, qui præpropera parentum studia, nimiam- que pervicaciam accusent, qui videlicet a scholarum moderatoribus ea impe- trant, quæ & ipsis damnosa sunt & liberis perniciosa. Ubi enim admissi in eum ordinem pueri fuerunt, quem sua sibi imbecillitate atque imperitia præcluse- rant, quid, quæso, aliud par est expectari, quam certissimam studiorum ca- lamitatem? Sed alii altius repetentes, totum hoc negotium . Delectum enim ingeniorum, rem & privatim & publice salutarem, ha- beri vellent; quod patrum nostrorum memoria ab egregio scriptore tentatum vidimus, irrito conatu. Neque adeo mirum; iis enim opus esset principibus, qui ut dignitate, ita & sapientia & rerum præclararum cognitione cæteris præ- starent hominibus. Quamobrem hujusmodi delectum optes facilius quam habeas. Alii vero superciliosi, sed timidiores paulo atque inertiores, corruptos sæculi mores queruntur, veteris disciplinæ neglectum deplorant. Alii porro corruis- se literarum studia prædicant, quod illi quibus Imperia & Resp. administrantur, has artes fere plerumque aspernantur. Verum si malum adeo multiplex & va- rium scrutari lubeat, ejusque causas omnes investigare paremus, tempus nos, uti existimo, quam res, maturius deseret. Quid enim quæso de indiligentia atque imperitia plerorumque omnium sentire debemus, quos erudiendæ pue- rorum atque adolescentum ætati præesse videmus? Quam paucos reperias qui literas recte atque liberaliter tractent? Quid quod eorum plerique nihil aliud sibi videntur quærere, quam ut inconsultis possint gratificari parentibus? Quid quod viam illam plane ignorant, qua majores nostros ad æternæ famæ claritudi- nem pervenisse videmus? Quænam illa sit fortasse roges, Vir Clarissime; nul- la certe alia quam veterum scriptorum accurata lectio. Ea Budæos, & Scalige- ros: Ea Turnebos, Passeratios & tot ingentia nomina edidit; Et absque ea sit, malim Mm 2
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EPISTLE And to seek the uncertain slips of the trembling pen; And to add light in a thousand obscure places. All will agree, there is no disagreement: in one PRIMEVAL HEBREW CODE there is certain faith. In vain are you, BUXTORF, there is no cause for fear here, This is a work of peace, and it will bear no new wars. CL. SARRAVIUS Senator of Paris. EPISTLE CCLXXIV. TAN. FABER, greetings. To Claudio Sarravius. At Paris. What the cause may be, most illustrious SARRAVI, that, although an almost infinite multitude of boys is every day handed over to the discipline of teachers of letters, still so few are found who attain even a moderate knowledge of them after an incredible waste of both time and money? I know there are very many who accuse the over-hasty zeal and excessive obstinacy of parents, who, namely, obtain from the governors of schools those things which are harmful both to the parents themselves and destructive to their children. For when boys have been admitted to that order from which their own weakness and inexperience had excluded them, what, I ask, should be expected other than the sure failure of their studies? But others, looking further back, would have the whole matter be this: namely, a selection of talents, a thing salutary both privately and publicly; which in our fathers’ memory we saw attempted by an outstanding writer, but to no avail. Nor is this so surprising; for it would require rulers who, as in dignity, so also in wisdom and knowledge of splendid matters, would surpass other men. Wherefore you may more easily wish for such a selection than obtain it. Others again, haughty but a little more timid and sluggish, complain of the corrupt morals of the age, and deplore the neglect of the old discipline. Others further proclaim that the study of letters has fallen, because those by whom states and commonwealths are administered for the most part despise these arts. But if one is willing to examine so many and varied an evil, and to investigate all its causes, time, as I think, will abandon us sooner than the matter. For what, I ask, ought we to think about the carelessness and ignorance of nearly all those whom we see placed over the education of boys and young men? How few will you find who handle learning rightly and liberally? What of this, that most of them seem to seek nothing else than to be able, without proper consideration, to gratify parents? What of this, that they utterly ignore the path by which we see our forefathers reached the brightness of everlasting fame? What that path may be, perhaps you ask, most illustrious Sir; certainly none other than the careful reading of the ancient writers. By it were produced the Budæuses and Scaligers; by it the Turnebuses, Passeratius, and so many great names. And without it, I would rather...
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CL. SARRAVI Ce regret augmente encore d'avantage lorsque je pense à l'affection qu'il a tous siours conservée pour mon service: Et que pendant sa vie je n'ay pas eu l'occasion de luy tesmoigner, comme j'eusse souhaité, la passion que j'ay de m'en ressentir. Et c'est ce qui m'oblige à vous convier à me donner lieu de faire connoistre à ses proches la gratitude dont la mort à prevenu les effets; Et que j'aye subject de me justifier envers la memoire d'un si digne homme, de la reconnoissance que je devois à son zele & à son amitié. Vous trouverez en moy une parfaite inclination à vous gratifier, & la volonté de vous estre constamment, CHRISTINE. De Stokolme le premier Juillet. 1613 1614.
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CL. SARRAVI This regret increases all the more when I think of the affection he always kept for my service; and that during his life I did not have the opportunity to show him, as I would have wished, the passion I have to feel it. And it is this that obliges me to invite you to give me occasion to make known to his relatives the gratitude whose effects death has prevented; and that I may have cause to justify myself before the memory of so worthy a man, for the gratitude that I owed to his zeal and to his friendship. You will find in me a perfect inclination to oblige you, and the will to be constantly, CHRISTINE. From Stokolme, the first of July. 1613 1614.
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IN O B I T U M CL. SARRAVII SENATORIS PARISIENSIS C A R M I N A VIRI ILLUSTRIS, CL. S A R R A V I I SENATORIS PARISIENSIS MEMORIÆ. UR immaturo SARRAVIUS occidit ævo? Maturæ mentis quippe Senator erat. Sic matura cadunt æstivo tempore Poma, Sicque cito repetit mens generosa polum. Hic licet ante decem raptus sit funere lustra, Creditus est animi dotibus esse Senex. Nullus in exiguo tam multa volumina legit Tempore: nil, quod non hic didicisset, erat. Jam satur a mensa veluti conviva recedit, Ubere doctrina sic satiatus obit. Cessat, ut extremam tetigit prudentia metam, Vita nec ulterius quod doceatur, habet. PHILIPPUS SUDORIUS PETIVILLÆUS Senator Rothomagensis. SUR LA MORT DE MONSIEUR S A R R A U CONSEILLER DU ROY AU PARLEMENT DE PARIS. STANCES. Passant ne preten pas qu'en ces vers je querelle Ny les Cieux ny le Sort; S'il n'ont rendu la vie aussi longue que belle De cet Illustre Mors. Trop
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On the death of the distinguished Sarravius, Senator of Paris, Poems of an illustrious man, to the memory of the distinguished Sarravius, Senator of Paris. Why did Sarravius fall in untimely age? For the Senator had a mind mature. Thus in summer-time ripe apples fall, And thus a generous spirit soon returns to heaven. Though taken off by death before ten lustra had passed, He was believed to be old in the gifts of the mind. No one in so short a time read so many volumes: There was nothing that he had not learned. Now like a guest sated at table he departs, So, satiated with rich learning, he dies. He ceases, when prudence has reached its final goal, And life has nothing further to teach. Philippus Sudorius Petivillæus Senator of Rouen. On the death of Monsieur Sarrau, Counsellor of the King at the Parliament of Paris. Stanzas. Passer-by, do not think that in these verses I complain Either of Heaven or of Fate; If they have not made the life of this illustrious dead man As long as it was beautiful. Too
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CL. SARRAVI son il se retira en cette ville. I'ai recherché son amitié comme j'ai recherché la vôtre, tenant à grand avantage d'être connu, & , si je puis l'obtenir, d'être aimé des grands hommes. Et en effet je n'y ai perdu tous mes pas. Vous dites que je le loué de sa moderation en la religion. C'est ce que je n'ai ni dit, ni écrit, ni pensé; dites moi où. Je n'ai garde de toucher cette chorde la, car je n'y trouverois pas ma satisfaction: & je ne lui ai pas celé, que quel- que bon dessein qu'il dit avoir, il ne s'y prenoit pas de bonne maniere. Vous me reprochez de ne lui avoir pas été fidel ami, & d'avoir envoié les feuilles toutes mouillées de son Votum à son adversaire. Si je n'écrivois pas à Monsieur de Saumaise, je ne me retiendrois pas en ce lieu, & je m'écrierois contre cet outrage & cette horrible calomnie. Voicy ce que j'ai fait au vrai. Je priai le libraire qui l'imprimeoit de m'en donner un exemplaire des premiers, après que l'auteur auroit été servi des siens. Il en porta cinquante un samedy matin à Monsieur Grotius, & m'en porta un au retour de chez son Excellence, que je mis dans le pacquet que je faisois pour Monsr. Rivet. * * * * Vous dites ensuite que ne lui aiant pas fait un tour d'ami, il eut raison de me fermer la porte, & que j'y ai voulu rentrer par des moiens recherchez, qui ne vous sont pas inconnus. Je me suis defendu de ce que vous blasonnez tour d'ami, dans la pure verité. Pour la porte qu'il m'a fermée. Il est vrai que vers ce tems là il lui prit une bumeur de la refuser à plusieurs de ses amis d'une & d'autre religion: & je me trouvai dans le nombre commun, & peut-être parce qu'il voioit que je l'avois desobligé en ce que vous avez marqué cy dessus. Mais j'y suis rentré quand j'ai voulu. Lorsque je scûs qu'il étoit rappellé, comme j'avois eu part depuis long tems à son amitié, il me fâchoit de le laisser partir sans le voir. Messieurs Dupuy, Bignon, Justel & quelques autres ne le voioient point non plus, que moi. Les premiers y furent, & y menerent Monsr. Menage. Comme je fus averti de leur dessein, je priai Monsr. Menage de lui faire mes civilitez, & de lui dire que je l'irois voir. Il répondit que je serois le tres bien venu. Sur cela j'y allai, & fus avec lui la veille de son départ tête à tête plus de trois heures, car il avoit fait dire aux autres qu'il étoit parti, de maniere que j'en sortis fort content: incensum animum inflamnavit amore. Si vous ne scavez autre chose que cela, vous êtes fort mal informé. Vous craignez au reste, que mon amitié se refroidisse & puis s'éteigne envers vous. La perte seroit grande de ma part, & telle que j'ai peine à concevoir uno plus grande affliction que je passe recevoir en ma vie, si ce n'est la perte de ma femme & de mes ebers enfans. Mais il me semble que vous n'en faites pas la même estime, quand vous me pirouettez de la sorte que vous faites, & m'en donnez à tors & à trêvers. Pour moi tant que je vivrai, je veux être vôtre ami & vôtre serviteur: estimant vôtre amitié un precieux presor, je ferai tout ce que je pourrai au monde pour me la conserver. Mais je * Desunt octocirculus imex.
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CL. SARRAVI when he retired to this city. I sought his friendship as I sought yours, holding it a great advantage to be known, and, if I could obtain it, to be loved by great men. And indeed I did not lose my labor there. You say that I praised him for his moderation in religion. That is something I neither said, nor wrote, nor thought; tell me where. I take good care not to touch upon that string, for I should not find my satisfaction there; and I did not conceal from him that, whatever good design he claimed to have, he did not pursue it in a proper manner. You reproach me with not having been a faithful friend to him, and with having sent the sheets of his Votum, all wet, to his adversary. If I were not writing to Monsieur de Saumaise, I would not restrain myself here, and I would cry out against this outrage and this horrible calumny. Here is what I truly did. I asked the bookseller who was printing it to give me one of the first copies, after the author had been served with his own. He took fifty-one copies on Saturday morning to Monsieur Grotius, and brought one back to me from his Excellency, which I put in the packet I was making for Monsieur Rivet. * * * * You then say that, since I had not done him a friendly turn, he was right to shut the door against me, and that I wanted to get back in by contrived means, which are not unknown to you. I defended myself against what you call a friendly turn, in all plain truth. As for the door he shut against me: it is true that around that time he took it into his head to deny admission to several of his friends of both religions; and I found myself among the common number, perhaps because he saw that I had offended him in the matter you have noted above. But I got back in when I wished. When I learned that he was being recalled, as I had long shared in his friendship, I was sorry to let him leave without seeing him. Messieurs Dupuy, Bignon, Justel, and a few others did not see him either, any more than I did. The first of them went, and took Monsieur Menage with them. When I was informed of their plan, I asked Monsieur Menage to give him my compliments and to tell him that I would come to see him. He replied that I would be very welcome. On that I went there, and spent with him the evening before his departure, tête à tête, for more than three hours, for he had had the others told that he had already left, so that I came away very content: incensum animum inflamnavit amore. If you know nothing else than that, you are very badly informed. Besides, you fear that my friendship for you will cool and then die away. The loss would be great on my side, and such that I can hardly imagine a greater grief than I should feel in my life, were it not for the loss of my wife and of my dear children. But it seems to me that you do not value it in the same way, when you treat me as you do, and give me cause for complaint on every side. For my part, so long as I live, I want to be your friend and your servant; regarding your friendship as a precious treasure, I will do everything I can in the world to preserve it for myself. But I
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EPISTOLÆ. 269 je ne suis pas stupide ni insensible, quand on me pique jusques au vif, comme vous avez fait. Déformais s'il faut acheter vos bonnes graces à ce prix là, quand vous me donnerez sur une jouë, je vous tendrai l'autre, & suivant le précepte Euangelique ἑπιθαλιῶ. Pour cette fois je vous prie de m'excuser & même de me pardonner; si en me défendant j'ai peut-être dit quelque chose qui vous ait deplu, nolim dictum, nolim factum. Et vous supplie de m'aimer comme vous avez fait autre fois, & je vous rendrai tou- te ma vie mes respects & services tres humbles, étant MONSIEUR, A Paris. Votre tres humble & tres obeissant Serviteur SARRAU. EXTRAIT des Lettres François de Monstr. SARRAU à Monstr. de SAUMAISE. Abrot écrivant a Rome au jeune Heins, il lui mandoit que son pere étoit Eruditorum Princeps & Salmasius Eruditorum tyrannus, par ce que ce dernier les gourmande & les traite d'étrange sorte. Que vous semble de cesse pensée. Pour la premiere partie elle est ridicule. Pour la seconde, il y a quel- que chose qui approche du vraisemblable. A Paris le xix. Avril. c13 13c XLVII. Ambecius neveux d'Holstein me rendit avant hier une lettre, que vous lui aviez donnée de recommandation auprès de moi. Comme vous y par- lez de son oncle avec honneur, il me l'a demandée: Ie desire, dit il, qu'elle me serve étant à Rome pour appaiser mon oncle, qui est irrité de ce que Simpli- cius Verinus l'a si mal traité. Ainsi je la lui ai donné tres volontiers. L'E- loge d'Eruditorum tyrannus vous convient, en ce que vous les gourmandez d'é- trange façon, in virga ferrea, à coups de barre & quelquefois d'étrivière. A Paris le x. Mai. c13 13c XLVII. Pour le Nassa de César se non è vero, è ben trovato. Les nouveautz plaisent, & à présent qu'on raffolle après les Généalogies, les plus ancienn- nes sont toujours les plus belles. Mais de ce Nassa au dernier Guillaume se trouveront quelque fenêtres, comme ils parlent en leur jargon, qu'ils au- ront peine à remplir. Le Livre de Monstr. Bochart se debite icy depuis plus de deux mois. Il est en fort grande reputation. Et comme c'est un Ecrit extrêmement modeste ne choquant personne, chacun le loué. Ceux qui le mettent au plus haut disent, c'est un livre pour faire jalouse à Monstr. de Saumaise. Vous y êtes cité & loué plus de soixante fois. Aussi ai-je bien voulu rompre commerce avec Monstr. Rives: depuis six mois tantôt que je suis retour, il a eu deux des miennes, & moi autant des siennes. Nous voila quittes & bons amis. A Paris le XIV. Iuin. c13 13c XLVII. Ll 3 7e
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EPISTOLÆ. 269 I am not stupid nor insensitive, when I am pricked to the quick, as you have done. Henceforth, if I must buy your good graces at that price, when you give me one cheek, I shall turn the other, and according to the Evangelical precept ἑπιθαλιῶ. For this time I beg you to excuse me, and even to pardon me; if in defending myself I may perhaps have said something that displeased you, nolim dictum, nolim factum. And I beseech you to love me as you once did, and I shall render you all my life my very humble respects and services, being SIR, At Paris. Your very humble and very obedient Servant, SARRAU. EXTRACT from the Letters of François de Monstr. SARRAU to Monstr. de SAUMAISE. Abrot, writing in Rome to the young Heins, told him that his father was Eruditorum Princeps and Salmasius Eruditorum tyrannus, because the latter scolds them and treats them in a strange manner. What do you think of this thought? For the first part it is ridiculous. For the second, there is some- thing that approaches the probable. At Paris, the 19th of April, 1647. Ambecius, nephew of Holstein, gave me the day before yesterday a letter which you had given him as a recommendation to me. Since you speak of his uncle with honor, he asked me for it: I desire, he said, that it may serve me, being in Rome, to appease my uncle, who is irritated because Simplicius Verinus has treated him so badly. Thus I gave it to him very willingly. The eulogy of Eruditorum tyrannus suits you, in that you scold them in a strange manner, in virga ferrea, with the rod and sometimes with the boot-strap. At Paris, the 10th of May, 1647. As for the Nassa of Caesar, if it is not true, it is well found. New things please, and now that people are raving after genealogies, the oldest ones are always the most beautiful. But from this Nassa to the last William there will be found some windows, as they say in their jargon, which they will have difficulty filling. Monstr. Bochart’s book has been sold here for more than two months. It is in very great reputation. And since it is an extremely modest writing, offending no one, everyone praises it. Those who set it highest say, it is a book to make Monstr. de Saumaise jealous. You are cited and praised in it more than sixty times. I have also been glad to break off commerce with Monstr. Rives: since six months or so, since I returned, he has had two of mine, and I as many of his. We are now even and good friends. At Paris, the 14th of June, 1647. Ll 3 7e
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CL. S A R R A V I I Je me garderai bien de faire sçavoir à Mr. Herault la bonne volontè que vous avez pour lui en procurant l'impression de son gros livre, car je craindrois qu'il ne vous p[er]tit au mot. Ne croiez pas qu'il soit si mal avisé de le faire imprimer à ses depens. Outre que sa bource en pâtiroit, il se priveroit des entrotiens ordinaires, qu'il a avec ceux qui le vont visiter, auquels il en lit de grandes pièces, tant qu'on en baille. Tenet occiditque legendo. Et les auditeurs disent, Euge! Cela est merveilleux, il n'y scauroit répondre: Voila un homme perdu. Est il possible que Monfr. de Saumaise ait fait tant de fautes? Et c'est de quoi ils paient leur hôte, qui est satisfait de son livre sans le publier autrement. Ni Monfr. Heins, ni Monfr. Grotius ne m'avoient pas satisfait sur cet [mercurius] [argent] [argent] [argent] [argent] des Actes. Vous en approchez de plus prés. Ne seroit ce point ce qu'un ancien Historien a dit, Princeps Legationis ejus fuit. Il portoit la parole. Mais il faut que cet [mercurius] [argent] [argent] [argent] se rapporte à Mercure, et à Paul par comparaison à lui. Ce sera une chasse pour vous Monsieur, lorsque vous entreprendrez cette belle carrière du Nouveau Testament. Mais quand sera ce? L'Angleterre n'a point de plus beaux livres que Paris; soit Manuscrits soit imprimez, nous ne leur envions rien. La Bibliotheque du Roi et celle des deux freres, de Mr. de Thou, des Cardinaux Richelieu et Mazarin, et celle de Monfr. le Chancelier n'ont rien qui les vaile &c. A Paris, ce XXVII. Juin. CIC 13C XLVII. Vous aurez appris par mes dernières les raisons pour lesquelles vous n'avez pas été satisfait du Livre de Monfr. Bochart. Ce que vous avez vû n'est pas le meilleur. La seconde partie de Coloniis & sermone Phoenicum est plus ample et plus divertissante: sans doute vous y pourrez trouver à reprendre, et qui est ce qui ne fait point de fautes? Il suffit que le gros soit épurué pour donner passeport aureste. Toute l'œuvre roule sur deux principes certains, le dixieme de la Genese est le premier, et le second est le déchassement des habitans de Chanaan de devant les enfans d'Israël. Et où sont ils allez? c'est ce qu'il découvre avec un monde de merveille, les suivant par tout où ils ont laissé quelque traces. A Paris, ce v. Juillet. CIC 13C XLVII. ON n'est pas ici si degouté des Ecrits de Monfr. Grotius, qu'en vos quartiers. Sa reputation n'est en rien diminuée par sa mort; et ses livres sur les Actes et sur les Epitres ont quelque chose qui ne merite pas d'être si peu estimé. Mais de science, comme d'autres choses chacun a son goût; et ce n'est pas merveille si les Ecrits de Monfr. Daillé ne sont pas encore fort estimez en vos Provinces, c'est qu'on ne les connoit pas. Lors qu'on les aura envisagé de plus prés, j'espère du changement. A Paris ce XII. Juillet CIC 13C XLVII. Monsieur, Vous continuez en vôtre derniere à reprendre Monfr. Bochart, et en ce faisant à m'apprendre toujours quelque belle chose. Mais en recompence vous
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CL. S A R R A V I I I shall take good care not to let Mr. Herault know the good will you have for him in procuring the printing of his large book, for I should fear that he might take you at your word. Do not believe that he is so ill-advised as to have it printed at his own expense. Besides the harm it would do to his purse, he would deprive himself of the regular conversations he has with those who come to visit him, to whom he reads large portions of it, until they yawn. Tenet occiditque legendo. And the listeners say, Euge! This is marvelous; he could not answer them: There is a man ruined. Is it possible that Monsr. de Saumaise has made so many mistakes? And that is what they pay their host for, who is content with his book without publishing it otherwise. Neither Monsr. Heins nor Monsr. Grotius had satisfied me concerning this [mercurius] [argent] [argent] [argent] [argent] of the Acts. You are approaching it more closely. Might it not be what an ancient Historian said, Princeps Legationis ejus fuit. He spoke for him. But this [mercurius] [argent] [argent] [argent] must refer to Mercury, and to Paul by comparison with him. That will be a chase for you, Sir, when you undertake this beautiful field of the New Testament. But when will that be? England has no finer books than Paris, whether manuscripts or printed books; we envy them nothing. The King’s Library and those of the two brothers, of Mr. de Thou, of the Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin, and that of Monsr. the Chancellor have nothing that can compare with them, etc. At Paris, this XXVII. June. CIC 13C XLVII. You will have learned from my last letter the reasons why you were not satisfied with Monsr. Bochart’s book. What you have seen is not the best. The second part, De Coloniis & sermone Phoenicum, is more ample and more entertaining: no doubt you will be able to find fault with it, and who is there who does not make mistakes? It is enough that the main body is purged in order to give passage to the rest. The whole work turns on two certain principles: the tenth chapter of Genesis is the first, and the second is the expulsion of the inhabitants of Canaan before the children of Israel. And where have they gone? That is what he reveals with a world of wonder, following them everywhere they have left any traces. At Paris, this v. July. CIC 13C XLVII. ONE is not here so disgusted with the writings of Monsr. Grotius as in your parts. His reputation is in no way diminished by his death; and his books on the Acts and on the Epistles contain something that does not deserve to be so little esteemed. But in matters of learning, as in other things, each person has his taste; and it is no wonder if the writings of Monsr. Daillé are not yet much esteemed in your Provinces, since they are not known. When they have been examined more closely, I hope for a change. At Paris, this XII. July. CIC 13C XLVII. Sir, You continue in your last letter to criticize Monsr. Bochart, and in doing so to teach me always something fine. But in return you
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EPISTOLÆ. 271 vous me traitez fort mal. A vous ouir dire, je foule aux pieds quelques uns de mes amis & relie les autres: vous vous appercevez que c'est sans grande connoissance. Je ne juge que par passion, & mesure les auteurs à l'aune de mon affection. Me voila barbuillé d'étrange sorte, & d'un autre que de vous Monsieur, pour qui j'ai bien du respect, je n'endurerois pas ces outrages. Vous voulez que je suive vos sentiments à yeux clos, & quand je les aurois bien grands, je n'y trouverois pas la satisfaction que j'y cherche. Je vous prie de me laisser la liberté de mon suffrage pour Messrs. Blondel, Amyrault & Bochart. Vous voulez vaincre par tout, & l'on se defend de deça fort vigoureusement, ce n'est pas qu'une forte main comme la vôtre ne puisse faire des plaies, & blesser dangéreusement son adversaire, mais pour cela on ne trébucher pas. Traitez moi desormais s'il vous plait avec plus d'equité: Et ne me croiez pas insensible, encore que je ne repousse pas toujours toutes les attaques que vous me parsez. Et au surplus brisons la dessus & que chacun croie ce qu'il voudra, &c. A Paris, ce XI. Octobre. 1313. Monsieur, Ie suis ravi que vous soyez tout de bon après la Papesse, & je serai bien aise quelqu'attachement que j'aie avec Monssr. Blondel, que vous l'étrilliez de sorte sur ce sujet là, que ni lui ni d'autres n'osent plus jamais y revenir. Ce n'est pas que je n'en croie la besogne difficile & pleine de grandes difficultez: mais puisque vous l'entreprenez si résolument, je veux croire que vous les avez prévues, & que vous avez de quoi y remedier. Pour le Latin de Monsr. Blondel, je ne vous puis encore dire s'il trouvera bon qu'on vous l'envoie. Votre sache croitroit de beaucoup, s'il vous le falloit refuter tout du long. Mais la substance & le principal est dans le François. A la buisaine je vous dirai ce que vous en devez esperer. Cependant on m'avoit dit une chase que je trouverois probable; c'est que vous faisiez imprimer l'Anastase entier avec des Notes, qui éclaircisoient une infinité des mots fâcheux qui y fourmillent. Que vous mettiez la vie de la Papesse entre Leon & Benoit d'où vous prétendez que les Iesuites l'ont arrachée: & que de là vous prenies sujets de prouver la verité de cette histoire contre ceux qui l'ont impugnee depuis environ un siécle &c. A Paris, ce VI. Decembre. 1313. Monsieur, V[ost]re longue histoire de la vocation de Mr. Morus, rompuë par les intrigués & par les fourbes des contraires aux Saumurois, est digne de la basseffe & de la friponnerie de l'esprit de ces Messieurs. Toute leur vie n'est remplie que de semblables artifices, par lesquels ils ont prévalu jusques à présent sur plusieurs infirmes & peu elair voians. I'avois donné quelques espérances à Adr. Morus dont il sera fâché de se voir déchu. Je n'oserois sans vôtre ordre exprès lui faire le détail dont vous m'entretenez; il me semble que vous le fe- roz
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EPISTLES. 271 you treat me very badly. According to what you say, I trample some of my friends underfoot and drag the others along; you can see that this is without much knowledge. I judge only by passion, and measure authors by the standard of my affection. Here I am smeared in a strange fashion, and by no one other than you, Sir, for whom I have much respect; I should not endure these insults. You want me to follow your opinions blindfolded, and even if I had very great ones, I would not find in them the satisfaction I seek. I beg you to leave me the freedom of my vote for Messrs. Blondel, Amyraut, and Bochart. You want to conquer everywhere, and here one defends oneself very vigorously; it is not that a strong hand like yours cannot strike blows and wound its adversary dangerously, but even so one does not stumble. Please treat me henceforth with more fairness; and do not think me insensible, though I do not always repel all the attacks you make upon me. And besides, let us break off on that point, and let each believe what he pleases, etc. In Paris, this 11th of October, 1313. Sir, I am delighted that you are in earnest after the Popess, and I shall be quite pleased, whatever attachment I may have to Mr. Blondel, if you beat him so soundly on that subject that neither he nor others dare ever return to it again. Not that I do not believe the task difficult and full of great difficulties; but since you undertake it so resolutely, I want to believe that you have foreseen them, and that you have the means to remedy them. As for Mr. Blondel's Latin, I cannot yet tell you whether he will be willing for it to be sent to you. Your task would grow much, if you had to refute it at length. But the substance and main point are in French. At Buisaine I shall tell you what you may expect from it. Meanwhile I had been told something that I should find probable: namely, that you were having the whole Anastase printed with notes, which would clarify an infinity of the troublesome words that swarm in it. That you place the life of the Popess between Leo and Benedict, from where you claim the Jesuits tore it away: and that from this you take material to prove the truth of that story against those who have opposed it for about a century, etc. In Paris, this 6th of December, 1313. Sir, Your long story of Mr. Morus's call, disrupted by the intrigues and tricks of those opposed to the Saumurois, is worthy of the baseness and knavery of the minds of those gentlemen. Their whole life is filled only with such artifices, by which they have prevailed up to the present over several weak and short-sighted people. I had given some hopes to Adr. Morus, from which he will be sorry to find himself disappointed. I would not dare, without your express order, to give him the details you speak to me about; it seems to me that you will fe- roz
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CL. S A R R A V I I rez de meilleure grace que moi, qui ne pourrois que copier ce que vous m'en avez mandé. A Paris ce 10. Janvier. c13 13C XLVIII. Monsieur, I L est fâcheux que vous aïez encore Mr. Sp. pour ennemi. Mais il est im- possible de vivre avec cette sorte de gens sans se brouiller, si on ne se gâte avec eux, quod absit. Je n'ai pas grand regret de me voir defait de leur communication. La Harangue de Pace m'a este donnée pour vous la faire tenir par le Sieur Morus le jeune, qui est Ministre à Orleans, fort gentil personnage, aussi bien que son frere &c. A Paris ce XXIV. Janvier. c13 13C XLVIII. Monsieur Aubertin a publié par force une Anatomie du livre de la Mil- letière, de la Transsubstantiation, qui ne vous deplairoit pas, car il est de haut goût. Ne croïez pas qu'il se taise, ni qu'il veuille avoir le der- nier. Mon[se]r[ieur] Bochart me mande qu'il a des lettres de Hollande, que Mr. Box- bornius écrit contre lui, & que vous lui aidez de vos bons avis, ne croiant pas vous avoir obligé à un tel traitement. Il lui seroit plus honorable, ce dit-il, d'avoir à faire à vous directement, & que vous lui fissiez une bonne & ou- verte guerre, en laquelle se deffendant avec honneur & de toute sa force, il pourroit peut-être vous satisfaire &c. A Paris ce XXVIII. Fevrier. c13 13C XLVIII. Monsieur. Par ma première lettre perduë je vous promottois que si vous vou- liez faire appeller Mr. Morus à Amsterdam, il suivroit cette honorable vocation de Pasteur en l'Eglise Françoise & de Professeur en Philosophie; seu- lement que la qualité de Professeur en Philosophie fut un peu relevée de nom ho- norable, comme de Philosophie sacrée ou de Metaphysique extraordinaire, en un mot tel qu'il sera jugé à propos, à fin qu'on ne lui imputât pas d'être d'é- chu entièrement. Et neanmoins il ne laisseroit pas de faire le Commentaire, & même de le dîcter s'il est nécessaire, & si c'est la coutume. Sur cela agis- sez & faites ce qu'il vous plaira. Mais il ne tiendra qu'à vous de l'avoir, & vous y aurez un fidel amy &c. A Paris ce XVII. Avril. c13 13C XLVIII. Monsieur. Pour ce qui est de Mr. Morus, vous aurez reçu par une addresse que vous avez avec la mienne, une seconde Attestation de la Seigneurie de Genève, confirmative de la premiere rumpantur utilia Codro. Les pa- rens de vôtre voisin s'y sont opposez, demandans acte, que leur parent n'y étoit point compris, à quoi l'on n'a eu aucun égard. C'est a dire qu'il est au dessus du vent & plus fort qu'eux. Utinam eussiez vous une seconde barangue in qua é oveg[er]d'armes male habetur. Un vieux Ministre a fait imprimer une Lettre ad Clariss[ime] Virum D[ominum] Spanhemium sur ses trois volumes, où il n'est pas de son sen-
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CL. S A R R A V I I reply more gracefully than I, who could only copy what you have written to me about it. At Paris, this 10th of January, 1648. Monsieur, It is vexing that you should still have Mr. Sp. for an enemy. But it is impossible to live with that sort of people without coming to blows, unless one spoils oneself with them, quod absit. I do not much regret being rid of their company. Pace’s Harangue has been given to me for you, to have it delivered by Sieur Morus the younger, who is Minister at Orléans, a very pleasant gentleman, as well as his brother, &c. At Paris, this XXIVth of January, 1648. Monsieur Aubertin has forcibly published an Anatomy of the book of La Milletière on Transubstantiation, which would not displease you, for it is of a high taste. Do not think that he will keep silent, nor that he will wish to have the last word. Monsieur Bochart writes to me that he has letters from Holland, that Mr. Boxbornius is writing against him, and that you are helping him with your good advice, not believing that he had obliged you to such treatment. It would be more honorable for him, he says, to have to deal with you directly, and that you should wage a good and open war against him, in which, defending himself with honor and with all his strength, he might perhaps satisfy you, &c. At Paris, this XXVIIIth of February, 1648. Monsieur. By my first letter, which was lost, I promised you that if you wished to have Mr. Morus called to Amsterdam, he would follow this honorable vocation as Pastor in the French Church and Professor of Philosophy; only that the title of Professor of Philosophy should be somewhat elevated by an honorable name, such as sacred Philosophy or extraordinary Metaphysics, in a word such as shall be judged fitting, so that it should not be imputed to him that he had entirely declined. And nevertheless he would not fail to do the Commentary, and even to dictate it if necessary, and if that be the custom. Act on this as you please, and do what seems good to you. But it will depend only on you to have him, and there you will have a faithful friend, &c. At Paris, this XVIIth of April, 1648. Monsieur. As for Mr. Morus, you will have received through an address that you have with mine, a second Attestation from the Signory of Geneva, confirmatory of the first, rumpantur utilia Codro. The relatives of your neighbor opposed it there, demanding an act that their kinsman was not included in it, but no regard was paid to this. That is to say that he is above the wind and stronger than they. Utinam eussiez vous une seconde barangue in qua é oveg[er]d'armes male habetur. An old Minister has had printed a Letter ad Clariss[ime] Virum D[ominum] Spanhemium on his three volumes, where he is not of his sen-
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EPISTOLÆ 173 sentiment. Si vous la vouliez faire imprimer, je vous en ferois tenir un exemplaire. Il n'y a que trois feuilles &c. A Paris ce 24. Avril. 1648. Monsieur. Mr. Morus me mande qu'on fait courir le bruit à G. que aviez vous écrit à quelqu'un, qu'il vous avoit importunément & bassement sollicite de lui trouver quelque place en Hollande, lors qu'il ne pensoit à rien moins: ce qui le rend tres odieux. Et en suite m'assurant que cela n'est point, il a lieu de croire que quand il seroit vrai, vous lui auriez garde fidélité, ne lui faisant pas ce tort de le dire, moins encore de l'écrire. Il me prie donc de vous supplier, lors- que vous écrirez à Mr. Godefroy, ou quelqu'autre, de vouloir leur faire entendre, que cela est faux: en quoi faisant vous le déchargez d'un blâme, qui lui est presque universellement imputé, & lui fait plus de tort, que tout ce que ses ennemis ont jusqu'apresent dit de lui. Vous le pouvez ce me semble obliger en cette occasion & dire que ce que vous en avez fait, ça été par l'amitié, que vous aviez pour lui, & si vous voulez à ma recommandation, je ne vous en dédirai pas &c. A Paris ce 15. Mai. 1648. Monsieur. Pour ce qui regarde ce que vous devez désormais écrire, vous ne dependez en cela non plus de moi que de personne du monde. Ie m'étonne seulement que vous changiez tous les jours de desseins & cherchiez de nouveaux sujets, pendant que vous en avez tant de vieux, auquels vous êtes engagé, & que l'on attend de vous avec plus d'impatience que ceux d'Astrologie & de Physique. Vôtre de Vitæ Termino est demandé il y a long tems. Vôtre Arnobe, vôtre Anthologie, vos traitez de Tertullien, vos Usures de Iustinien, vôtre Pline, vos Homonymes des Plantes, vôtre suite de simplicibus, & celle de Primatu. En voula assez de quoi choisir, sans que je prenne en main le catalogue qui j'ai autrefois fait de ce que vous avez promis il y a dix, vingt & trente ans, que vous avez oublié, & nous non &c. A Paris ce 26. Iuin. 1648. Monsieur. A present vous me dites que ce n'est pas le dernier, à quoi vous travaillez, & que je ne sçaurai point ce que c'est qu'après que l'imprimeur aura commencé à faire rouler sa presse. Ie suis content que ce soit tout ce qu'il vous plaira, & quoi qu'en disent ces autres, dont vous vous mocquez avec raison, je n'ai jamais prétendu manier vôtre plume. Au contraire vos amis se plaignent, que vous ne faites rien de ce dont ils vous prient, & que vos ennemis au contraire ont l'avantage de vous faire écrire de ce qu'il leur plait. Ils n'ont qu'à vous barceler, & vous leur repondez sans vouloir passer pour muet, ni avoir le dernier. Il nous semble pourtant qu'il seroit de meilleure grace, de suivre vos anciens desseins, que d'entreprendre tous les jours de nouveaux, selon que les occa- sions se presentent &c. A Paris ce x. Iuillet. 1648. Mm IN
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EPISTLES 173 sentiment. If you wished to have it printed, I would have a copy sent to you. There are only three sheets, etc. At Paris, this 24 April 1648. Sir. Mr. Morus informs me that a rumor is being spread at G. that you had written to someone that he had importuned and basely solicited you to find him some place in Holland, when he was thinking of nothing less: which makes him very odious. And then, assuring me that this is not so, he has reason to believe that even if it were true, you would have kept faith with him, not doing him the wrong of saying so, much less of writing it. He therefore begs me to entreat you, when you write to Mr. Godefroy, or to anyone else, to let them understand that this is false: by which you will relieve him of a reproach that is almost universally imputed to him, and does him more harm than all that his enemies have said of him up to now. You can, it seems to me, oblige him on this occasion, and say that what you have done has been out of the friendship you had for him, and if you wish, at my recommendation, I shall not gainsay it, etc. At Paris, this 15 May 1648. Sir. As for what concerns what you must now write, you depend in this no more on me than on any person in the world. I am only astonished that you change your plans every day and seek new subjects, while you have so many old ones to which you are committed, and which are awaited from you with more impatience than those on Astrology and Physics. Your De Vitæ Termino has been asked for a long time. Your Arnobe, your Anthology, your treatises on Tertullian, your Usures of Justinian, your Pliny, your Homonyms of Plants, your continuation of simplicibus, and that of Primatu. There is enough there to choose from, without my taking in hand the catalogue that I once made of what you have promised for ten, twenty, and thirty years, and which you have forgotten, though we have not, etc. At Paris, this 26 June 1648. Sir. Now you tell me that this is not the last thing you are working on, and that I shall not know what it is until after the printer has begun to set his press in motion. I am content that it be whatever you please, and whatever those others may say, whom you justly mock, I have never claimed to manage your pen. On the contrary, your friends complain that you do nothing of what they ask of you, and that your enemies, on the other hand, have the advantage of making you write whatever pleases them. They have only to badger you, and you answer them, not wishing to pass for mute, nor to have the last word. It seems to us, however, that it would be more becoming to follow your old plans than to undertake new ones every day, as occasions present themselves, etc. At Paris, this x July 1648. Mm IN
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CL. SARRAVIUS IN EXIMIUM OPUS SUMMI VIRI SAMUELIS BOCHARTI De Geographia Sacra. N Umine placato facies cum reddita terris Prima fuit, solis octo superstitibus: Queis prima emergens regio est habitata colonis; Traxit & undesuos insula quæque viros: Priscorum mendax commenta est fabula vatum, Sincerumque nihil, nil sine labe fuit. Sordibus ex istis densa & caligine lucem Eruere, humanæ non fuit artis opus. Desperata aliis unustentare BOCHARTUS Ausus, & ignotas primus inire vias. Huic promunt Arabes, Phoenix, Chaldæus & Indus, Quas proprio gazas continuere sinu. Purior & sacris hauritur fontibusunda, Divite quam vena nobile fundit opus. CL. SARRAVIUS Senator Parisiensis. IN CRITICAM SACRAM Viri Reverendi & doctissimi LUD. CAPPELLI. E Narratores Antiqui Foederis, illi Clari, Theudotion, Symmachus, atque Aquila; Et DECIES SEPTEM faciunt queisnomina CELLÆ, Hellenistarum ut fabula nota canit: In varios abeunt sensus, concordiasæpe Exulat, hisque uno non datur ore loqui. Scilicet humano captu scribuntque leguntque; Inde errant variis ille vel ille modis. Est tamen Hebræi certissima lectio textus: Una est, sincera est; intermerata manet. Hactenus ambigua est perversi erroris origo: & Quis velit horrentes explicuisse vias, Quæritur? Ecce tibi CAPPELLUS pellere doctus Nubila, quæ mentes obtenebrare solent; Et
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CL. SARRAVIUS IN EXCELLENT WORK OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED MAN SAMUEL BOCHART On Sacred Geography. When the wrath of heaven was appeased and the face of the earth was restored, The first age was when only eight survived: With these the first emerging region was inhabited by settlers; And every island drew to itself men eager for the waves. The false tale of the ancient bards has deceived us; Nothing was pure, nothing without stain. To bring light out of those filth and dense darkness Was not within the power of human art. BOCHART, despaired of by others, dared to sustain it alone, And first to enter paths unknown. The Arabs, the Phoenix, the Chaldean, and the Indian unveil to him The treasures they had kept within their own bosoms. A purer stream is drawn from sacred fountains, Than the noble work pours forth from its rich vein. CL. SARRAVIUS Senator of Paris. IN SACRED CRITICISM Of the most reverend and most learned man LUD. CAPPEL. The writers of the Old Covenant, namely The distinguished Theodotion, Symmachus, and Aquila; And ten times seven make the names of the cell, As the known tale of the Hellenists sings: They pass into various meanings, concord often Is banished, and they are not given to speak with one voice. Indeed, they write and read according to human capacity; Hence this one or that one errs in various ways. Yet the Hebrew text is most certain in its reading: It is one, it is pure; it remains undefiled. Thus far the origin of deceptive error is ambiguous; and Who would wish to explain the rough paths That are asked about? Behold, CAPPELLUS, skilled to drive away The clouds that are wont to darken minds; And
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EPISTOLA Et calami incertos titubantis quærere lapsus; Et lucem obscuris addere mille locis. Convenient omnes, nulla est discordia: In uno PRIMÆVO HEBRAEO CODICE certa fides. Frustra es BUXTORFI, nulla est hic causa timoris, Est hoc pacis Opus, nec nova bella seret. CL. SARRAVIUS Senator Parisiensis. EPISTOLA CCLXXIV. TAN. FABER S. D. Claudio Sarravio. Luetiam. Quid causæ sit, SARRAVI CLARISSIME, cur, cum infi- nita prope puerorum multitudo quotidie literarum professoribus in disci- plinam tradatur, tam paucos tamen reperias, qui vel mediocrem aliquam illo- rum cognitionem post incredibilem & temporis & pecuniæ jacturam assequan- tur? Scio esse perquam plurimos, qui præpropera parentum studia, nimiam- que pervicaciam accusent, qui videlicet a scholarum moderatoribus ea impe- trant, quæ & ipsis damnosa sunt & liberis perniciosa. Ubi enim admissi in eum ordinem pueri fuerunt, quem sua sibi imbecillitate atque imperitia præcluse- rant, quid, quæso, aliud par est expectari, quam certissimam studiorum ca- lamitatem? Sed alii altius repetentes, totum hoc negotium πλατονικοῦν Iωνητον. Delectum enim ingeniorum, rem & privatim & publice salutarem, ha- beri vellent; quod patrum nostrorum memoria ab egregio scriptore tentatum vidimus, irrito conatu. Neque adeo mirum; iis enim opus esset principibus, qui ut dignitate, ita & sapientia & rerum præclararum cognitione cæteris præ- starent hominibus. Quamobrem hujusmodi delectum optes facilius quam habeas: Alii vero superciliosi, sed timidiores paulo atque inertiores, corruptos sæculi mores queruntur, veteris disciplinæ neglectum deplorant. Alii porro corruis- se literarum studia prædicant, quod illi quibus Imperia & Resp. administrantur, has artes fere plerumque aspernantur. Verum si malum adeo multiplex & va- rium scrutari lubeat, ejusque causas omnes investigare paremus, tempus nos, uti existimo, quam res, maturius deseret. Quid enim quæso de indiligentia atque imperitia plerorumque omnium sentire debemus, quos erudiendæ puc- rorum atque adolescentum ætati præesse videmus? Quam paucos reperias qui literas recte atque liberaliter tractent? Quid quod eorum plerique nihil aliud sibi videntur quærere, quam ut inconsultis possint gratificari parentibus? Quid quod viam illam plane ignorant, qua majores nostros ad æternæ famæ claritudinem pervenisse videmus? Quænam illa sit fortasse roges, Vir Clarissime; nul- la certe alia quam veterum scriptorum accurata lectio. Ea Budæos, & Scalige- ros: Ea Turnebos, Passeratios & tot ingentia nomina edidit; Et absque ea sit, malim Mm 2
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EPISTLE And to seek the uncertain slips of a wavering pen; And to add light in a thousand obscure places. All will agree, there is no discord: in one the PRIMITIVE HEBREW CODE has sure trust. You labor in vain, BUXTORF, there is no cause for fear here; this is a work of peace, nor will it sow new wars. CL. SARRAVIUS Senator of Paris. EPISTLE CCLXXIV. TAN. FABER, GREETING. To Claude Sarravius. Luetia. What the reason may be, most illustrious SARRAVIUS, why, although an almost infinite multitude of boys are every day handed over to instructors in letters for discipline, still you find so few who attain even a moderate knowledge of them after an incredible waste of both time and money? I know there are very many who accuse the too hasty zeal of parents and their excessive obstinacy, since they obtain from the heads of schools those things which are harmful to themselves and ruinous to their children. For when boys have been admitted into that rank which their own weakness and ignorance had shut against them, what, I ask, should be expected other than the certain decline of their studies? But others, looking more deeply, make the whole matter a Platonic joke. For they would have a selection of talents, a thing salutary both in private and in public; which in our fathers’ memory we saw attempted by an excellent writer, but in vain. Nor is that so surprising; for such men would be needed as princes, who should surpass others as much in wisdom and knowledge of splendid things as in dignity. Wherefore you may more easily wish for such a selection than obtain it. Others, again, more haughty, but somewhat more timid and sluggish, complain of the corrupt morals of the age and deplore the neglect of the old discipline. Others furthermore proclaim that the study of letters has fallen, because those by whom Empires and the Republic are administered almost always despise these arts. But if it please us to inquire into so manifold and varied an evil and to investigate all its causes, time, as I judge, will desert us sooner than the matter. For what, I ask, ought we to think of the negligence and ignorance of almost all those whom we see placed over the instruction of boys and youths? How few do you find who handle letters rightly and liberally? And what of the fact that most of them seem to seek nothing else than that they may be able, without reflection, to gratify parents? And what of the fact that they are wholly ignorant of that path by which we see our ancestors reached the glory of everlasting fame? What that path may be, perhaps you ask, most illustrious Sir; certainly none other than the careful reading of the ancient writers. That produced the Budæuses and Scaligers; that produced the Turnebuses, Passerats, and so many great names; and without it, I would rather Mm 2
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275 CL. SARRAVI malim equidem liberos meos opiliones esse & merum rus, quam iis literis dare operam, quashodie doceri videmus. Itaque adeo, si mihi sententia jus in re tam gravis momenti esse sic censerem: Debere nosa fabellis seu Apologis auspicari, Itatim atque primulis linguæ Latinæ Elementis informati pueri sint, coeperintque sentire quid sit compositio; idque dico sapientissimorum virorum, totiulque antiquitatis auctoritate adductus. Ea autem re fiet maxime ut teneros puerorum mores & adhuc mollire & subigere queas facilius: idque ubi rite factum fuerit, & virtutis in iis quædam coeperit apparere, tum porro pergendum erit alacrius, neque in his fabellis amplius immorandum: sed exemplis ea erunt conformanda atque illustranda, quæ legendis Apologis fuerint tradita. Id autem, uti opinor, perfici non potest commodius, quam si brevissimos quosque historicos prælegamus, cosque potissimum, qui res a primis Græciæ & Urbis Romanæ temporibus perscripserint. Et quoniam absque Terrarum, Maris, Montium, Fluminumque descriptione, non est ut quisquam ad veterum librorum, quibus omnis liberalis scientia atque humanitas continetur, cognitionem possit pervenire; maximum operæ pretium fore judico, si scriptor aliq[ui]is pueris tradatur, qui illa omnia si minus , ut ajunt, doceat. Ea autem omnia, quinam e veteribus præstiterunt rectius quam Phædrus, Apollodorus, Eutropius, Cornelius Nepos, & Pomponius Mela? Qui libelli intra unius anni curriculum, si qua modo adhibita diligentia fuerit, nullo poterunt negotio perlegi. Quod ubi effectum fuerit, quam lætæ segetis spes in annum sequentem erit? Quam facile fuerit, Sallustium, Suetonium, Ovidii Metamorphosin & Fastos legere tam feliciter institutis. Tertio autem anno, quis nisi inertissimus, neget legi perquam facile posse, Terentium, Virgilium, Horatium? Tam id equidem scio perfici posse quam me scio vivere; re enim ipsa expertus dico: qui amicis aliquot anno superiori per hibernas Terentium, Horatium, Lucretium, Iuvenalemque iterata lectione explicaverim; cum tamen a literarum humaniorum cognitione & illa quam in primo & sequenti anno constituimus, essent imparati; ideoque longe plus temporis in explicatione ponendum fuisse vides, Vir Clarissime, ac multo plura legi potuisse, si ipsis ea adfuissent subsidia, quæ primis annis sibi parare debuerant. Tot igitur & tanta si intra triennium absoluta fuerint, quis anno sequenti Ciceronem, atque Homerum non facile legerit? Nisi quod (vera enim fateri cum summo nostro dolore necesse est) ubi ad eam studiorum partem ventum est, quam vulgus (jamdudum enim vera rerum vocabula amissimus) Philosophiam vocare solet, grave piaculum esse ducunt Magistri, libros meliores primo tantum digitulo attingi a discipulis; Quorsum enim, inquiunt, Philosophiæ Majestatem, puerilium literarum nugis & grammaticæ quisquiliis (videlicet libri principes quisquiliæ sunt) attaminari deeat? Recte sane, & ut illo hominum genere dignum est, qui postquam insulsam barbariem bene ac fideliter combiberunt, novi repente Thaletes prodeunt. Quidni enim? postquam per integrum biennium ea dedidicerunt quæ sibi comparavim
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275 CL. SARRAVI Indeed, I would rather that my children were shepherds and plain country folk than that they should devote themselves to those studies which we see being taught today. And so, indeed, if I were to give my opinion on a matter of such grave importance, I would judge that we ought to begin with little stories or fables, as soon as boys have been instructed in the first elements of the Latin language and have begun to understand what composition is; and I say this, persuaded by the authority of the wisest men and of all antiquity. By this means it will be most easy to soften and shape the tender minds of boys; and when this has been properly done, and some sign of virtue has begun to appear in them, then one must go on more briskly, and no longer linger over these fables: rather, by examples must those things be formed and illustrated which were conveyed by reading the fables. And this, as I think, cannot be accomplished more conveniently than if we read to them the shortest historical writers, and especially those who have set down the events of the earliest times of Greece and the Roman City. And since without descriptions of lands, seas, mountains, and rivers, it is not possible for anyone to arrive at knowledge of the ancient books, in which all liberal learning and culture are contained, I judge that it would be of the greatest advantage if some writer were given to boys, who would teach them all these things, if not, as they say, by direct instruction. And who among the ancients has done this better than Phaedrus, Apollodorus, Eutropius, Cornelius Nepos, and Pomponius Mela? These little books, if only due diligence be applied, can all be read through within the space of a single year without difficulty. When that has been accomplished, what a hopeful harvest there will be for the following year! How easy it will be, for those so happily instructed, to read Sallust, Suetonius, and Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Fasti. In the third year, then, who, unless he be utterly idle, will deny that Terence, Virgil, and Horace can be read quite easily? I know as certainly that this can be accomplished as I know that I am alive; for I speak from actual experience: last year I explained Terence, Horace, Lucretius, and Juvenal to certain friends during the winter, by repeated reading; although they were still unprepared for acquaintance with humane letters and with that course we have laid down for the first and second years. And so you see, Most Illustrious Sir, that far more time had to be spent in explanation, and much more could have been read if they had had at hand those aids which they ought to have prepared for themselves in the first years. If, then, so many and such great things have been completed within three years, who in the following year would not easily read Cicero and Homer? Only that, when one comes to that branch of study which the common people (for long ago we have lost the true names of things) are accustomed to call Philosophy, the masters think it a serious crime if the better books are merely touched with one little finger by the pupils; for what, they say, is the majesty of Philosophy to be sullied by the trifles of childish letters and the rubbish of grammar (forsooth, the leading books are rubbish)? Surely they are right, and in a way worthy of that sort of men, who, after they have well and faithfully swallowed up foolish barbarism, suddenly emerge as new Thaleses. Why not indeed? after they have unlearned, for a full two years, those very things which they had acquired for themselves...
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VERANT; GYPSATI & PALLIOLATI IN PUBLICUM PROCEDUNT, IBIQUE TRIA AUT QUATUOR DURGIA INQUINA POSTQUAM VIX ATQUE ZGRE BALIBUTIERUNT, LIBRORUM CIS OMNIA EXTEMPO RESERANTUR, ILLARUMQUE OMNIA ARTIUM, QUÆ LIBERO HOMINE DIGNÆ SUNT, PROFITENDARUM FACULTAS DATUR. ATQUE UTINAM TAM EIS FACILE ESSET DOCTIS FIERI, QUUM IMPUDENTIBUS LICET. N[ON] ILLA NON ESSET, QUAM HODIE PASSIM VIDEMUS; TOT PULPITORUM CREPITACULA OCCURRUNT, MUNDI CYMBALA, TOT FACILI INCOMMODA, TOT PESTES AURIUM. HINC ITAQUE EST QUOD CUM CERTORUM FORTASSE HOMINUM OFFENSIONE DICERE SOLEO ( N[ON] I[O]D DURGIA IN TROPI A DI TROPI N I DI DURGIA ; DICERE INQUAM, SOLEO, CLARISSIME SARRAVI, ITA COMPARATUM ESSE TOTUM ILLUD STUDIORUM GENUS, UT QUO QUISQUE IN EO PERFECTIOR EST ATQUE CONSUMMATIOR, EO SIT INCOMMODIOR OMNIBUS ATQUE MOLETTIOR. AT UTINAM PATRUM NOSTRORUM, QUI FOEDAM HANC & INHUMANAM STUDIORUM RATIONEM MUTARE TAM FELICITER TENTAVERANT, VESTIGIIS INSISTEREMUS: HAUD DUBIUM QUIDEM EST, QUIN DETERSO SITU & SQUALORE HUMANIORES LITERÆ EXCITARENTUR; & NOBILITAS NOSTRA ILLARUM ORNAMENTA & CULTUM TAM QUÆRERET STUDIOSE, QUAM HODIE OBSTINATE ALPERNATUS. NEQUESANE INJURIA. IIS ENIM LITERIS, QUÆ HODIE TRADUNTUR, QUID, QUÆSO, AGRESTIUS, QUID MINUS UTILE? QUID DEDISCENDUM MATURIUS, SI TIBI CUM VIRIS LIBERALI PRÆDITIS INGENIO SIT AGENDUM? VERUM NESCIO QUOMODO ALTIUS PROCESSI & LIBERIUS PAULO, DUM ME TANTÆ CORRUPTELÆ PIGET PUDETQUE; CUI REMEDIUM SI POTERIT UNQUAM FIERI, VEL EA VIA & RATIONE FAT NECELLE EST, QUAM MODO COMMEMORABAM, VEL NULLA ILLOS IGITUR SCRIPTORES, CLARISSIME & DOCTISSIME SARRAVI, (EO ENIM UND EDIGRESSA FUIT, REVOCANDA ORATIO EST) QUOS MEIS VEL CONJECTURIS VEL NOTIS FACTOS MELIORES HABEO, ETSI BIBLIOPOLIS NOSTRIS CUPIAM TRADERE, VEL, QUIA SPLENDIDIUS MULTO & LUCULENTIUS TOTUM ILLUD NEGOTIUM FUTURUM EST, LUTETIAM TRANSMITTERE, NIHIL TAMEN ANTE MOLIRI DECRETUM EST, QUAM ME Tuo CONSILIO ADJUVERIS, OSTENDERISQUE PRO TUA SINGULARI HUMANITATE, QUÆ TUA SIT SENTENTIA. PRÆFATIONEM SATIS LUCULENTAM POSTULARE VIDENTUR HI LIBELLI; ILLAM ITAQUE ADORNABIMUS SEDULO, DABIMUSQUE OPERAM, UT CONSILIUM NOSTRUM VIRIS BONIS PROBEMUS. ATQUE UTINAM TE MIHI DEUS ILLE OPT. MAX. DIU SERVET INCOLUMEM. NAM ETSI TENUITATEM MEAM SATIS NORIM, ERIT TAMEN FORTASSE OLM, UT ALIQUAM EX ME UUTILITATEM PERCIPIANT STUDIOSI. HAE MIHI CERTE ANIMO SPES SURGIS, SI MODO VIRITUS, Cujus sacra fero, nostro sub pectore fervet, Nos & ab ignava certas secernere turba. Vale plurimum, Vir Clarissime, & me ama. Salmurii Nonis Maiis. EPISTOLA CCLXXV. A MADAME SARRAU. MADAME, Ie suis touchée si sensiblement de la perte, que vous avés faite de Monsieur Sarrau, que je ne me sens pas capable de faire apresent autre chose pour vostre consolation, que de joindre ma douleur a la vostre, & de plaindre avec vous & tous les gens de bien un personnage d'un si rare merite. Mm 3 Ce
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They go forth into public, the shaved and hooded ones, and there, after three or four durgia inquina scarcely and with difficulty having babbled out their jargon, all the books are opened at once, and the opportunity is given for professing all those arts which are worthy of a free man. And would that it were as easy for them to become learned as it is for the shameless! If it were not so, as today we see everywhere; so many rattles of lecterns confront us, so many cymbals of the fashionable world, so many easy annoyances, so many plagues of the ears. Hence it is that I am accustomed to say, perhaps to the offense of certain men ( n[on] i[o]d durgia in tropi a di tropi n i di durgia ; I say, I am accustomed to say, most illustrious Sarrau, that the whole of that kind of study is so arranged that the more perfect and accomplished anyone is in it, the more troublesome and burdensome he is to everyone. But would that we might follow in the footsteps of our forefathers, who had so happily tried to change this ugly and inhuman manner of study: there is surely no doubt that, once the dirt and grime were brushed away, more civilized letters would be revived; and our nobility would seek the ornaments and refinement of them as eagerly as today it obstinately shuns them. Nor indeed without reason. For those studies which are taught today—what, I ask you, is more rustic? what less useful? What should be unlearned sooner, if you are to deal with men endowed with liberal intelligence? Yet I do not know how I have gone somewhat farther and more freely, while I am distressed and ashamed at so great a corruption; if ever a remedy can be found for it, either by that path and method which I was just mentioning, or by none at all, then those writers, most illustrious and most learned Sarrau, (for the discourse had made this digression, and must now be recalled) whom I consider improved by my conjectures or notes, and whom I should wish to hand over to our booksellers, or, because the whole business will be much more splendid and much more handsome, to send to Paris, nevertheless nothing has been resolved before I have been helped by your counsel, and you have shown, in your singular kindness, what your opinion is. These little books seem to require a sufficiently brilliant preface; we shall therefore prepare it carefully, and we shall take pains to show our plan to good men. And would that that God, the Best and Greatest, keep you safe and sound for a long time. For although I know well my own modest means, yet perhaps there will someday be some usefulness they may derive from me. This hope certainly rises in my mind, if only Virtue, whose sacred rites I bear, burns beneath our breast, to separate us also from the idle crowd. Farewell most warmly, most illustrious sir, and love me. Salmuri, the Nones of May. Letter 275. To Madame Sarrau. Madame, I am so deeply moved by the loss that you have suffered in Monsieur Sarrau that I do not feel capable of doing anything else at present for your consolation than to join my sorrow to yours, and to lament with you and with all good people a person of such rare merit.
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CL. SARRAVI Ce regret augmente encore d'avantage lorsque je pense à l'affection qu'il a tous siours conservée pour mon service: Et que pendant sa vie je n'ay pas eu l'occasion de luy tesmoigner, comme j'eusse souhaité, la passion que j'ay de m'en ressentir. Et c'est ce qui m'oblige à vous convier à me donner lieu de faire connoistre à ses proches la gratitude dont la mort à prevenu les effets; Et que j'aye subjet de me justifier envers la memoire d'un si digne homme, de la reconnoissance que je devois à son zele Et à son amitié. Vous trouverez en moy une parfaite inclination à vous gratifier, Et la volonté de vous estre constamment, CHRISTINE. De Stokolme le premier Juillet. C10 128 L1.
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CL. SARRAVI This regret increases even more when I think of the affection which he has always preserved for my service; and that during his life I have not had the opportunity to show him, as I should have wished, the passion I have to make him feel it. And it is this which obliges me to invite you to give me occasion to make known to his relatives the gratitude whose effects death has forestalled; and that I may have reason to justify myself to the memory of so worthy a man, for the recognition which I owed to his zeal and to his friendship. You will find in me a perfect inclination to gratify you, and the will to remain constantly, CHRISTINE. From Stockholm, the first of July. C10 128 L1.
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IN O B I T U M CL. SARRAVII SENATORIS PARISIENSIS C A R M I N A. VIRI ILLUSTRIS, CL. S A R R A V I I SENATORIS PARISIENSIS MEMORIÆ. UR immaturo SARRAVIUS occidit ævo? Maturæ mentis quippe Senator erat. Sic matura cadunt æstivo tempore Poma, Sicque cito repetit mens generosa polum. Hic licet ante decem raptus sit funere lustra, Creditus est animi dotibus esse Senex. Nullus in exiguo tam multa volumina legit Tempore: nil, quod non hic didicisset, erat. Jam satur a mensa veluti conviva recedit, Ubere doctrina sic satiatus obit. Cessat, ut extremam tetigit prudentia metam, Vita nec ulterius quod doceatur, habet. PHILIPPUS SUDORIUS PETIVILLÆUS Senator Rothomagensis. SUR LA MORT DE MONSIEUR S A R R A U CONSEILLER DU ROY AU PARLEMENT DE PARIS. STANCES. Passant ne preten pas qu'en ces vers je querelle Ny les Cieux ny le Sort; S'il n'ont rendu la vie aussi longue que belle De cet Illustre Mors. Trop
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On the Death of the Most Distinguished Sarravius, Senator of Paris. Poems. To the Memory of the Most Distinguished Sarravius, Senator of Paris. Did Sarravius die in untimely age? For he was indeed a senator of mature mind. So ripe fruits fall in the summer season, And so a noble mind quickly returns to heaven. Though he was taken away before ten lustra had passed, He was believed to be old by the gifts of his spirit. No one in so short a time read so many volumes: There was nothing that he had not learned. Now, like a guest sated at table, he departs, Thus, filled with abundant learning, he dies. He ceases, when wisdom has touched its utmost goal, And life has nothing further to be taught. Philippus Sudorius Petivillæus, Senator of Rouen. On the Death of Monsieur Sarrau, Counsellor to the King in the Parlement of Paris. Stanzas. Passer-by, do not suppose that in these verses I quarrel With either the Heavens or Fate; If they have not made his life as long as it was beautiful, Of this illustrious death. Too
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Trop trop chez plusieurs ces importunes plaintes Grossissent des escrits; Quand par la nouveauté de pareilles atteintes Ils se treuvent surpris. Ils veulent que le Ciel responde des desastres Qui les vont attaquer, Comme si son devoir interessoit les astres A ne les pas choquer. Mais celuy qui de prés considere les choses, Et sçait mieux discoursir, Void en tout ce qui vit l'enchainement des causes Du naistre et du mourir. Au sortir du neant estoit-il necessaire Que tu vises le jour? Et te treuvant icy quel droit as tu d'y faire Plus ou moins de sejour? Tout le monde au salut du plus parfait des hommes Prend-il tant d'interest; Que quand il cesseroit d'estre ce que nous sommes, Luy fust moins ce qu'il est? Croy moy, ce nous seroit une esperance vaine Que SARRAU bien que tel, Estant né sous les loix de la nature humaine Ne fust pas né mortel. Et quel plaisir de vivre à cette ame heroique En un siecle de fer, Où la guerre produit ce que de plus tragique Peut produire l'enfer? Luy qui tout plein de zele a fait pour sa Patrie Cent belles actions; Pourroit-il sans horreur voir sa gloire fletrie Par nos dissentions? Luy
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Too much too much among many are these troublesome complaints Gross upon writings; When, through the novelty of such blows, They find themselves taken by surprise. They want Heaven to answer for the disasters That come to attack them, As if its duty bound the stars Not to offend them. But he who looks closely at things, And knows how to reason better, Sees in all that lives the chain of causes Of birth and of dying. Upon coming out of nothingness, was it necessary That you should see the day? And, finding yourself here, what right have you to make there More or less of a stay? Does all the world take so much interest In the salvation of the most perfect of men, That, when he ceased to be what we are, He would be less what he is? Believe me, it would be a vain hope for us That SARRAU, though such as he is, Having been born under the laws of human nature, Would not have been born mortal. And what pleasure could there be for that heroic soul To live in an age of iron, Where war produces what is most tragic That hell can produce? He who, full of zeal, has done for his country A hundred noble deeds, Could he, without horror, see his glory faded By our dissensions? He
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Luy qui fut autrefois des plus dignes Ministres Du Temple de Themis; Verroit-il son pouvoir par des succès sinistres Indignement soumis? Luy qui fut la candeur & la probité même, Auroit-il des humeurs, Propres à l'imposture & la malice extremé Qui corrompent nos mœurs? Non, non, il a bien fait de chercher sa retraite En un lieu plus heureux. Où son ame se voit pleinement satisfaite, Et jouït de ses vœux. Là dans un doux repos, qu'aucun trouble n'altere, Il fait son entretien, Des plaisirs inouys, que l'homme Sage espère Pour son souverain bien. Et certes regreter une si juste absence, C'est ne le pas aymer, Où bien ne sçavoir pas que cette jouïssance Ne peut trop s'estimer. M. DE LA LUZERNE GARABY. Subscribendum Imagini CLAUDEI SARRAVII Senatoris Parisiensis. ROMVLIDÆ COLVERE THEMIN, COLVERE CHARINQUE; ME COLVITQUE THEMIS, MECOLVITQUE CHARIS. Nobilissimo Adolescenti, ISACIO SARRAVIO. FLo[us] Iuvenum, magni defles quid acerba parentis Funera, non obiit; scilicet ille abiit. Non obiit totum cujus vaga fama per Orbem, Illustre & nomen docta per ora volat. Nn Non
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He who was once among the most worthy ministers Of the Temple of Themis; Would he see his power, by sinister successes, Ungenerously subdued? He who was candor and probity itself, Would he have inclinations Fitting for imposture and extreme malice, Which corrupt our morals? No, no, he did well to seek his retreat In a happier place, Where his soul sees itself fully satisfied, And enjoys its wishes. There, in a gentle repose, undisturbed by any trouble, He makes his conversation Of unheard-of pleasures, which the wise man hopes for As his sovereign good. And certainly to regret so just an absence Is not to love him, Or else not to know that this enjoyment Cannot be too highly esteemed. Mr. DE LA LUZERNE GARABY. To be placed under the image OF CLAUDE SARRAVII Senator of Paris. The Romans honored Themis; they honored Charis too; Themis honored me, and Charis honored me too. To the most noble youth, ISACIO SARRAVIO. Flower of the young, why do you bewail with bitter grief the funeral of your father? He has not perished; rather, he has departed. He has not perished, whose famous name, wandering throughout the world, and illustrious fame flies through learned mouths. Non Non
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Non obiit simili qui sese in prole reliquit, Quæque ipsi tritas it generosa vias. Denique non obiit, æternis vivere chartis, Post cineres, nati cui pia cura dedit. Debitor es patri, patri idem es creditor; illi Tu vitam debes; debet & ille tibi. E I D E M. CAndide SARRAVI tantis ne laudibus esser, Quam breve Cadmæi, tam rude vatis opus. Pace tua illius non possunt mira videri Carmina, cui tardo frigore sanguis hebet. Nunc mihi lac stolidæ gelidum potatur asellæ: Nec volueris bibitur nobilis humor equi. Hoc dum vena calet dives fluit. Hoc bonus ibat Ennius, haud vino potus ad arma pater. Hoc alias vatum madeam si nectare, versu Teque Patremque tuum for meliore canam. ANTONIUS HALLEY, Regius in Academia Cadomensi Eloquensia Professor. SUR LA MORT DE MONSIEUR S A R R A U CONSEILLER DU ROY AU PARLEMENT DE PARIS. S O N N E T. A Ppollon est en dueil, les Muses sont voilées, Sur Parnasse on n'oit rien que lamentations: Et ce cri dont il use aux exultations, PEAN, ne s'entend plus dans ces belles valées. Daulis n'oit plus le cœur de ses troupes ailées; Philomele s'y tait, oyant les Halcyons D'un chant plaintif et propre aux tristes passions, Crier, Sarrau n'est plus, loin de leurs eaux sallées. L'echo sur l'Helicon à ces tristes chansons Répond, Sarrau n'est plus, on de lugubres sons; Mais l'Olympe au rebours en fait beaucoup de feste: Es
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He does not die who leaves himself in offspring behind, And whose noble children tread the paths he trod. Denique non obiit, to live on in eternal pages, After ashes, to whom a dutiful care for his son was given. You are debtor to your father, to that father likewise creditor; to him You owe your life; and he owes it to you. SAME. CAndide SARRAVI tantis ne laudibus esser, How brief the work of Cadmus, how rough the poet's work. With your leave, his wonders cannot seem strange, Songs, for whom the blood is dulled by tardy cold. Now cold milk is drunk to me from the foolish she-ass: And you would not have the noble fluid of the horse drunk. While this vein is warm, rich flow issues forth. Thus good Ennius went, The father, not drunk with wine, to arms. If I were moistened with the nectar of other poets, in verse I would sing of you and of your father with a better strain. ANTONIUS HALLEY, Regius Professor of Eloquence in the Academy of Caen. ON THE DEATH OF MISTER S A R R A U COUNCILLOR TO THE KING IN THE PARLIAMENT OF PARIS. SONNET. A Apollo is in mourning, the Muses are veiled, On Parnassus one hears nothing but lamentations: And that cry which he uses in exultation, PEAN, is no longer heard in those fair valleys. Daulis no longer hears the heart of her winged bands; Philomela is silent there, hearing the Halcyons With a plaintive song, fit for sad passions, Cry, Sarrau is no more, far from their salt waters. The echo on Helicon, to these sad songs, Replies, Sarrau is no more, with lugubrious sounds; But Olympus, by contrast, makes much festivity: Es
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Et dit, le voyant soir à la table des Dieux Qui de rayons de gloire ont couronné sa teste, Celuy-là n'est pas mort qui regne dans les cieux. M DE GRENTEMESNIL. SUR LA MORT DE MONSIEUR S A R R A U CONSEILLER DU ROY AU PARLEMENT DE PARIS. EPIGRAMME. SARRAU, pour qui nos yeux ne devroient point sècher, Je croy que qui voudroit soigneusement chercher Quel fut l'aspect des Cieux au point de ta naissance, Trouveroit que pour lors le Soleil s'étoit mis Dans le signe de la Balance, Puisque tu fus si juste en celle de Themis. Pour le melme SONNET. ILLUSTRES Ornemens du Temple de Memoire, Vous par qui tant de noms sont exemts du tombeau: Muses, qui scavez l'art d'allumer un flambeau Qui dissipe l'horreur de la nuit la plus noire. Si pour m'aider a peindre une fameuse histoire Vostre main quelquefois a conduit mon pinceau, Prestez moy des couleurs pour tracér un tableau Qui du scavant SARRAU fasse briller la gloire. Contez moy donc les soins qu'il eut de cet Estat, Le zele qu'il fist voir pour nostre Potentat, Et les vertus qu'en luy le Ciel avoit infuses: Mais au point que sa mort nous reduit aujourdhui N'est-ce pas vainement que j'invouque les Muses Puisque leur Docte Troupe est morte avecque luy. M. BARDOU. ELEGIDION IN OBITUM CL. SARRRAVII SENATORIS PARISIENSIS. FUnereum mihi pange melos crudelis Erynny, Quæ tragicos calus explicuisse soles. Nn 2 Non
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And says, seeing him at the table of the Gods Who have crowned his head with rays of glory, He is not dead who reigns in the heavens. M DE GRENTEMESNIL. ON THE DEATH OF MONSIEUR SARRAU COUNSELLOR OF THE KING IN THE PARLIAMENT OF PARIS. EPIGRAM. SARRAU, for whom our eyes ought not to dry, I believe that whoever would carefully seek What the aspect of the heavens was at the moment of your birth, Would find that then the Sun had set In the sign of Libra, Since you were so just in that of Themis. By the same SONNET. ILLUSTIOUS ornaments of the Temple of Memory, You by whom so many names are spared the tomb: Muses, who know the art of kindling a flame That dispels the horror of the blackest night. If, to help me paint a famous history, Your hand has sometimes guided my brush, Lend me colors to draw a picture That may make the glory of the learned SARRAU shine forth. Tell me then of the cares he had for this State, The zeal he showed for our Potentate, And the virtues that Heaven had infused in him: But now that his death has reduced us today, Is it not vain that I invoke the Muses, Since their learned company has died with him. M. BARDOU. ELEGY ON THE DEATH OF THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS SARRAVIUS, SENATOR OF PARIS. Pour forth for me a funeral song, cruel Erinny, Who are accustomed to unfolding tragic tales. No. 2
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Non juvat in luctu Turbam implorasse Disertam, Planetibus & lacrymis obruta, muta fuit. Calliope lacerata comis, velataque taxo, (Tunc aderat Clio) talia verba dedit. Deliciæ cessere tuæ Parnassia Rupes, Heu perit Gemini Gloria Prima Iugi! Cyrrha! Helicon! hinc jam infaustas plantate cupressos: Et luctus turbet Castalios latices. Jam citharæ ac arti Phoebææ nullus honos est: Musica flebilibus exululato modis. Hic resides cessant elegi; vox faucibus hæret, Suspirium questus vixque referre potest. O Parcæ ingrata! Diri inclementia fati! Eheu barbaries imperiosa nimis! Dulces quem Charites curis aluere tenellis; Cuique Aganippæus proluit ora liquor: Occidit; Et turbæ EXANIMIS data præda furenti, Deserit augustum PURPURA Palladium. Marmoreum Saxum, si te mea nænia mollit, SARRAVI meritis accine id elogium: Conditur hoc tumulo, multis heu flebilis Heros, Nais eum in notis Sequana luget aquis. Busta Themis struxit; peplum sumpfere Camæna; Thuscarum Sirenum immaduere gena. Balsamini rores informe cadaver odorant: Ass animam condit suave AMARANTHUS olens. IDEM DEFLETUR SUB PERSONA THYRIS IDIS. Moeris. Amyntas. M. O Cæli infidas leges! Quid, THYRSIS, Amynta, Et tuus & meus est crudeli funere raptus! Deploret Mopsus Daphnim, Cytheræaque Adonim: Pastorum unus honos THYRSIS mihi flebilis esto. A. Flebilis ille mihi quoque: verum, luctus inanis. Sorte viri sævo relevemur, Moeri, dolore: INDIGETES Cyrrhæ, Pindi, Nemorumque Virentum Gloria ubi alma manet condi jussere sacello. PIIS-
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It does not help in grief to have implored the eloquent crowd; overwhelmed by lamentations and tears, she was silent. Calliope, her hair torn, and veiled with yew, (then Clio was present) gave forth these words. The delights of Parnassus, your own, have passed away; alas, the First Glory of the Gemini hill is lost! Cyrrha! Helicon! now plant unhallowed cypresses here: and let mourning disturb the Castalian waters. Now there is no honor left for the lyre and Phoebus’ art: Music, cry out in doleful strains. Here, as residents, the elegies cease; speech clings to the throat, and with sighing he can scarcely utter his complaints. O ungrateful Fates! Cruel harshness of destiny! Alas, all too great an imperious barbarity! Him whom the Graces cherished with tender care; and whose lips the water of Aganippe had bathed: he has fallen; and, given as prey to the raging crowd, the purple palladium leaves the august seat. Marble stone, if my dirge softens you, add that epitaph, in reward for Sarravi’s merits: Here is laid, alas, a much-lamented hero for many, and the Naiad in its famed waters mourns him, Sequana. Themis built the tomb; the Camenae took up the veil; the cheeks of the Tuscan Sirens grew wet. Drops of balsam perfume the shapeless corpse: sweet-smelling Amaranthus encloses the soul. THE SAME IS WEEPED FOR UNDER THE PERSONA OF THYRIS IDIS. Moeris. Amyntas. M. O faithless laws of heaven! What, THYRSIS, Amyntas, has both yours and my friend been snatched away by cruel death! Let Mopsus lament Daphnis, and Cythera’s Adonis: let THYRSIS be to me the one pasture-mourning of shepherds. A. He is mournful to me too; yet the grief is vain. By the lot of men, Moeris, let us be relieved of savage pain: the natives of Cyrrha, of Pindus, and of the Green Woods, where kindly Glory abides, have ordered him to be laid in a shrine. PIIS-
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PIISMANIBUS ILLUSTRISSIMI VIRI CL. SARRAVI Senatoris Parisiensis. Ferrea nunc vere est ætas, nam fusa per orbem Ferrea progenies, Marsque scelusque ruunt. Nunc prostrata jacet veneranda scientia, candor, Et simul alma fides, integritasque jacent; Ipsaque nunc vere terras Astræa reliquit, Nam jacet; & petijt sidera SARRAVIUS. MOSANTIUS DE BRIEUX. SOPRA LA MORTE Dell' Illustrissimo Senatore IL SIGNOR DI SARRAU. O Che cruda morte! o che fier dolore! Piangono tutti un si gran Senatore; Perche si crede le virtudi in iscompilio Effer salite al Ciel con lui, Non è da pianger? il Padre è morto per nui, Ma le virtù restan tutte nel Figlio. SUBSCRIBENDUM IMAGINI CL. SARRAVI Senatoris Parisiensis. SI quid cana Fides & Honor Doctrinaque possent Adversus Stygii jura severa Dei: Quem pictum artifici nunc contemplamur in ære, Quanto debuerat ferius ille mori. TAN. FABER. SUR LA MORT DE MONSIEUR SARRAU CONSEILLER DU ROY AU PARLEMENT DE PARIS. SONNET. SARRAU nous a quitté & les Parques cruelles Qui de sa belle vie ont retranché le cours; Nn 3 Vien-
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To the memory of the most illustrious man Mr. SARRAVI, Senator of Paris. Iron indeed is now the age, for over the world are poured The iron race, and Mars and crime rush on. Now lies prostrate venerable learning, purity, And at the same time holy faith, integrity lie low; Now truly Astræa herself has left the earth, For SARRAVIUS lies here; and has sought the stars. MOSANTIUS DE BRIEUX. On the death of the most illustrious Senator Mr. de Sarrau. O what cruel death! O what bitter grief! All weep for so great a Senator; Because it is believed that the virtues in assembling Have ascended to Heaven with him, Should one not weep? The father is dead for us, But the virtues all remain in the son. To be subscribed to the portrait of CL. SARRAVI, Senator of Paris. If grey Faith and Honor and Learning could do aught Against the stern laws of the Stygian god: Whom, painted in artful bronze, we now behold, How much later ought that man to have died. TAN. FABER. On the death of Monsieur SARRAU Counsellor to the King at the Parliament of Paris. Sonnet. SARRAU has left us, and the cruel Fates Who have cut short the course of his fair life; Nn 3 Vien-
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Viennent en ce moment de ravir a nos jours D'un Auguste Senat les Lumieres plus belles. Themis puisoit ches luy ses conseils plus fidelles, Et voyoit par ses yeux les plus cachés detours, Et comme Elle trouvoit en luy tout son secours, Elle verse pour luy des larmes Eternelles: Les Muses, qui le plus perdent en cette mort, S'arrachant les cheveux, font voir par ce transport Que de mille tourmens leurs ames sont atteintes; Apollon en gemit, ses yeux fondent en eau, Et le Parnasse en deuil tout resonnant de plaintes Devient pour ce grand Homme un superbe tombeau. M. DES RANGES HAUTON. IN OBITUM ILLUSTRIS VIRI CL. SARRAVIUS Senatoris Parisiensis LACRYMAE. AH! timeo ne quis me tardius ire queratur, Et meus ambitio ne videatur amor: Ibo tamen: spargam flores, & floribus addam Camina cum lacrymis qualiacunque meis. Magna licet feræ veniant ad busta Camoenæ, Nec modus his lacrymis, nec pudor ullus erit. Cætera damna dies, alias sapientia curas Leniat; hic nulla vincitur arte dolor: Flebilis in longos SARRAVIUS occidit annos, Et nunquam pietas non habet ista locum. Nec solum hoc tantis ævum virtutibus orbum est, Fas tibi posteritas hoc quoque fere caput: Omnia lugebunt, similem cui nulla videbunt Secula; non natos hæc pia cura manet: Nam qui non ullo cecidit reparabilis ævo, Si qua fides, moritur quolibet ille die. Invenit omne dolor spatium breve: tempore nullo Nec licet hæc ullo claudere justa loco. Gal-
Transcription: Translated (English)
Come at this moment to snatch from our days The fairest lights of an august Senate. Themis drew from him her most faithful counsels, And saw by his eyes the most hidden detours, And, as she found in him all her support, She pours for him eternal tears: The Muses, who lose most in this death, Tearing out their hair, show by this transport That their souls are struck by a thousand torments; Apollo grieves for him, his eyes melt into water, And Parnassus, in mourning, all resounding with lamentations, Becomes for this great man a splendid tomb. M. DES RANGES HAUTON. ON THE DEATH OF THE ILLUSTRIOUS MAN CL. SARRAVIUS Senator of Paris TEARS. Ah! I fear lest someone complain that I come too late, And lest my love seem ambition: Yet I shall go; I shall scatter flowers, and to the flowers add Verses with tears, whatever they may be, from me. Though the Muses may come in great number to the funeral pyre, No measure to these tears, nor any shame, shall there be. Time may assuage other losses, wisdom other cares; Here no art can overcome grief: SARRAVIUS has fallen, mourned through long years, And piety never has no place in this. Nor is this age alone bereft of such great virtues; Posterity too must bear this head, as it were: All things will mourn one whom no age Will ever see again alike; this holy care does not await the unborn: For he who fell, irrecoverable in any age, If there is any faith, dies on every day. Grief finds every short span: at no time May these due rites be confined to any place. Gal-
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Gallia prima quidem passis discincta capillis Planxit in illustri pectora sancta rogo: Curia tota Patrum, quos ardens purpura vestit Tunc bene pullata maluit ire toga. Quis tibi tunc Astræa, animus? pars magna tutorum Cum propior tumulo diceret, Alma Vale. Diceris heu! nostras voluisse relinquere terras, Et prope mutato visa colore mori: Nec flores risere tui: delapsaque coelo Lilia sunt nigris livida facta notis: Regia magnifico licet invidiosa tumultu Aula, tamen fidum sensit abesse caput: In partem Rex iple venit; pluresque ministros Optari similes optima vota putat. Docta Thuanæo qua gens subit undique tecto Musarum indoluit semper aperta domus. Ossa Charentoniæ dilecti corporis Ædes Accipiunt sacro contumulata sinu: Moesta jacet magno pietas evicta dolore; Musica non lætos reddit ut ante sonos: Auditi balare greges, quasi Pane perempto, Pastoresque ovibus collacrymare suis: Mens quoque LAUNÆI coelestis conscia regni Aula est hic gemitus non tenuisse suos. Et multum ISACIDE flecti, patre digna propago, Improbiusque malis publica damna tuis. Ante oculos orbæ Aonides, & culmina Pindi Sola: Aganippæis lux prope nulla jugis. Præcipue Divæ, Tu quondam eris alter ab illo Cum tibi dixerunt, fletibus ora rigas: Et voluere quidem: Tu nunc eris alter ab illo: Parcere sed fronti jussit Apollo tuæ: Una tuæ dixit convitia multa juventæ, Nam nos interea quid faciemus! ait. Cui Phoebus: tristes Elegos, Epicedia, Lessos, Materies nobis hæc satis una decem. Protinus aruerat, sed enim Permessius humor Largus ad hæc Domini verba repente salit. Aonii exurgunt latices, & quælibet unda Adjicere officio gestuit ora pio. Sequana, non tuus est dolor hic: partemque Garunna Vendicat, & sua te damna dolere putat. Nec
Transcription: Translated (English)
Gaul first, her hair indeed loosened and unbound, Wept on the noble pyre for the sacred breast; The whole Senate of Fathers, whom blazing purple clothes, Then thought it better to go in mourning black. What was your spirit then, Astraea? A great part of the guardians, As death drew nearer, said, “Alma, farewell.” You are said, alas, to have wished to leave our lands, And, seen as though your color changed, to have died; Nor did your flowers smile: and lilies fallen from heaven Were made livid by black marks: The royal court, though envious amid splendid tumult, Yet sensed that a faithful head was absent: The King himself came to his part; and thinks that many ministers Like him are to be wished for, by the best prayers. The learned house, to which every race resorts from all sides beneath Thuanus’ roof, Has always grieved, that home ever open to the Muses. The house of Charentonius receives the bones of the beloved body, Laid in the sacred bosom of the tomb: Sad piety lies conquered by great sorrow; Music does not return as before its joyful notes: The flocks were heard bleating, as if Pan had been slain, And the shepherds weeping with their sheep: The mind too, conscious of the heavenly realm of LAUNAEUS, Acknowledges that the court has not withheld these groans in vain. And ISACIDES, worthy son of a father, bends greatly, And the public losses are the more grievous for your evils. Before our eyes, bereft, stand the Aonides and the heights of Pindus alone: Almost no light remains on the Aganippean slopes. Especially, O Goddess, you once were another to him when They said to you, “You wet your face with tears:” And so they wished it indeed: you now will be another to him: But Apollo ordered mercy for your brow: He said, “The many insults to your youth alone, What meanwhile shall we do?” he said. To whom Phoebus replied: “Sad elegies, funeral poems, laments— This one subject is enough for us for ten.” At once the spring had dried up, but then the Permessian stream Sprang forth suddenly in abundant flow at the Lord’s words. The waters of Aonia rise, and every wave Longed to add its mouth to the holy duty. Sequana, this grief is not yours: Garunna claims a part, And thinks you should grieve for your own losses too. And not
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Nec tantum Ligeris tot amoenis urbibus oram Prætextus querulas in mare volvit aquas: Ipse pater qua primum oritur, majorque resurgit Cum latuit, Rhodanus desuit esse ferox: Funus idem pariter Tiberim, pariterque Lemanum Caussa duos agitat non tamen una lacus: Hic dolet amissum castæ pietatis honorem, Ille decus docti præsidiumque chori. Binaque cui faciunt coeuntia nomina nomen Sensit & hoc Tamesis, turbidiorque fluit. Teutonici plorant amnes, & Rhenus & Albis, Et quos præterea longa referre mora est: Denique submittit fasces cui doctior orbis, Et totis Helicon cui famulatur aquis; Ingemuit CHRISTINA altum, decus illa regentum, Sydera pro sceptro digna tenere suo. Quem terræ ereptum Themidis desiderat Aula Illustres vatum concinuere chori. Nos Batavi gens lenta sumus: mora longa, fatemur Ipse Ego post alios ultimus ecce cano. Sic amor est; properent alii: præposter a lessum Non tempestivum carmina nostra putas? Falleris. In medio nam quis non funere plorat? Unus post alios qui dolet, ille dolet. ALEXANDER MORUS.
Transcription: Translated (English)
Not only the shore of the Loire, bordered with so many lovely cities, stirs its complaining waters out into the sea: the father Rhine himself, where first he rises, and greater when he reappears after hiding, has ceased to be fierce: the same funeral alike moves the Tiber and the lake of Leman; yet one cause does not disturb two lakes in the same way: this one laments the lost honor of chaste devotion, that one the glory and support of a learned choir. And the Thames too felt this, with two names joined into one name, and it flows more troubled. The Teutonic rivers weep, the Rhine and the Elbe, and others besides, too long to recount here: in fine, the more learned world to whom submits its fasces, and whom all Helicon serves with all its waters, CHRISTINA groaned deeply, that glory of rulers, worthy to hold the stars in place of her own scepter. Snatched from the earth, whom the court of Themis longs for, the noble choirs of poets sang in concert. We Batavians are a slow people: too long a delay, we confess; I myself, last after the others, behold, sing now. Such is love; let others hurry: do you think our verses untimely for a funeral out of order? You are mistaken. For who does not weep in the midst of a funeral? He grieves, who grieves after others, one by one. ALEXANDER MORUS.
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INDEX. Eorum qui Epistolas, & ad quos scripserunt. Numerus paginam, litera S. numeris præposita Sarravianas notat. A. --- A Leiatus Francisco Calvo. 75 & seq. A --- M. Antonio Majoragio. 113 Arnould. (Bennoit) Gudio. 68 B. --- Balsacus Sarravio. S. 149 Barthius Meursio. 228 Barthius Kirchmanno. 228 Beatus Rhenanus Francisco Calvo. 151 Bigotius Gudio. 69.71 Bonamicus Romulo Amasxo. 114 Bongarsius Kirchmanno. 145. & seq. Bongarsius Meursio. 147 Bonifacius (Balthasar) Dominico Molino. 116 Bosius (Joannes Andreas) Gudio. 40.42 Bredderodius (Petrus) Scipioni Gentili. 365. & seq. Bussius (Theodorus) Kirchmanno. 275 C. --- Cœlius (Ludovicus) Erasmo. 117 Calixtus Kirchmanno. 293 Camerarius (Philippus) Scipioni Gentili. 374 Camutius (Andreas) Cicereio. 118 Canterus (Theodorus) Meursio. 185 Cardanus Cicereio. 119 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaub
Transcription: Translated (English)
INDEX. Of those who wrote the letters, and to whom they wrote. The number before the page, the letter S. prefixed to the numerals denotes the Sarravian ones. A. --- A Leiatus Francisco Calvo. 75 & seq. A --- M. Antonio Majoragio. 113 Arnould. (Bennoit) Gudio. 68 B. --- Balsacus Sarravio. S. 149 Barthius Meursio. 228 Barthius Kirchmanno. 228 Beatus Rhenanus Francisco Calvo. 151 Bigotius Gudio. 69.71 Bonamicus Romulo Amasxo. 114 Bongarsius Kirchmanno. 145. & seq. Bongarsius Meursio. 147 Bonifacius (Balthasar) Dominico Molino. 116 Bosius (Joannes Andreas) Gudio. 40.42 Bredderodius (Petrus) Scipioni Gentili. 365. & seq. Bussius (Theodorus) Kirchmanno. 275 C. --- Cœlius (Ludovicus) Erasmo. 117 Calixtus Kirchmanno. 293 Camerarius (Philippus) Scipioni Gentili. 374 Camutius (Andreas) Cicereio. 118 Canterus (Theodorus) Meursio. 185 Cardanus Cicereio. 119 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaubonus Baudio. 160 Casaub
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Transcription: ATR-1
INDEX I. Gevartius Meursio. 279 Giphanius Scipioni Gentili. 350. & seq. - Kirchmanno. 230 Goesius Gudio. 62 Goldastus Jungermanno. 229. 230 Gothofredus (Dionysius) Scipioni Gentili. 342. & seq. Grævius (Io. Georgius) Gudio. 47. & seq. Gronovius (Iohannes Fredericus) Kirchmanno. 320. & seq. - Salmasio. 325. 327 Grotius (Hugo) Frederico Norvegiæ hæredi. 183 - Mullero. 184 - Sarravio. S. 38 Gruterus (Ianus) Scipioni Gentili. 349. 350 - Jungermanno, 210 - Kirchmanno 200. & seq. Gruterus (Isaacus) Gudio. 55 Gryphius Arluno. 163 Gudius (Marquardus) Petro Block. 14 - Christiano Cassio. 13 - Curatoribus Gymnasi Daventriensis. 19 - Michaëli Erminio. 12 - Ferdinando Episcopo Paterbornensi. 14 - Wilhelmo Goesio. 10 - Joanni Georgio Grævio. 20. & seq. - Nicolao Heinsio. 3. 6 - Mellino. 4 - Menagio. 1. 2 - Alberto Nieropio. 18 - Camillo Peregrino. 3 - Alberto Rusio. 11 - Joanni Sricieckio. 13. 18 - Ezechieli Spanhemio. 5 H. Heinsius (Daniel) Kirchmanno. 224. & seq. Hoeschelius Kirchmanno. 187. & seq. - Meursio. /90 Hofmannus (Caspar) Kirchmanno 306. & seq. Horbius Gudio. 57 Holstenius Elmenhorstio. 289. 290 Holstius Gudio. 58 J. Isingrinus Cicerino. 164 Jungermannus Scipioni Gentili. 359. & seq. Junius (Franciscus) Scipioni Gentili. 339. & seq. K. Kirchmannus Theodoro Bussio. 284 + - Vagetio. 283 Kirstenius Holstenio. 288 L. Lindenbrogius Iano Grutero. 286 - Kirchmanno. 285 - Lambecio. 287. 288 Lingelsheim Jungermanno. 283 Lipsius Adolfo Norvegiæ &c. hæredi. 195 - Christiano Brunningio. 195. 196 - Meursio. 197 Lubinus Kirchmanno. 273 M. Magliabecchi Gudio. 65. & seq. Majoragius Cicerino. 125. & seq. Meibomius Gudio. 56 Melissus (Paulus) Scipioni Gentili. 370. 372 Merula (Gaudentius) Jo. Mariæ ex Comitibus. 129 Meursius Kirchmanno. 280. & seq. - Secfeldio. 282 Minturnus Paulo Jovio. 129 Le
Transcription: Translated (English)
INDEX I. Gevartius Meursio. 279 Giphanius Scipioni Gentili. 350. & seq. - Kirchmanno. 230 Goesius Gudio. 62 Goldastus Jungermanno. 229. 230 Gothofredus (Dionysius) Scipioni Gentili. 342. & seq. Grævius (Io. Georgius) Gudio. 47. & seq. Gronovius (Iohannes Fredericus) Kirchmanno. 320. & seq. - Salmasio. 325. 327 Grotius (Hugo) Frederico Norvegiæ hæredi. 183 - Mullero. 184 - Sarravio. S. 38 Gruterus (Ianus) Scipioni Gentili. 349. 350 - Jungermanno, 210 - Kirchmanno 200. & seq. Gruterus (Isaacus) Gudio. 55 Gryphius Arluno. 163 Gudius (Marquardus) Petro Block. 14 - Christiano Cassio. 13 - Curatoribus Gymnasi Daventriensis. 19 - Michaëli Erminio. 12 - Ferdinando Episcopo Paterbornensi. 14 - Wilhelmo Goesio. 10 - Joanni Georgio Grævio. 20. & seq. - Nicolao Heinsio. 3. 6 - Mellino. 4 - Menagio. 1. 2 - Alberto Nieropio. 18 - Camillo Peregrino. 3 - Alberto Rusio. 11 - Joanni Sricieckio. 13. 18 - Ezechieli Spanhemio. 5 H. Heinsius (Daniel) Kirchmanno. 224. & seq. Hoeschelius Kirchmanno. 187. & seq. - Meursio. /90 Hofmannus (Caspar) Kirchmanno 306. & seq. Horbius Gudio. 57 Holstenius Elmenhorstio. 289. 290 Holstius Gudio. 58 J. Isingrinus Cicerino. 164 Jungermannus Scipioni Gentili. 359. & seq. Junius (Franciscus) Scipioni Gentili. 339. & seq. K. Kirchmannus Theodoro Bussio. 284 + - Vagetio. 283 Kirstenius Holstenio. 288 L. Lindenbrogius Iano Grutero. 286 - Kirchmanno. 285 - Lambecio. 287. 288 Lingelsheim Jungermanno. 283 Lipsius Adolfo Norvegiæ &c. hæredi. 195 - Christiano Brunningio. 195. 196 - Meursio. 197 Lubinus Kirchmanno. 273 M. Magliabecchi Gudio. 65. & seq. Majoragius Cicerino. 125. & seq. Meibomius Gudio. 56 Melissus (Paulus) Scipioni Gentili. 370. 372 Merula (Gaudentius) Jo. Mariæ ex Comitibus. 129 Meursius Kirchmanno. 280. & seq. - Secfeldio. 282 Minturnus Paulo Jovio. 129 Le
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Transcription: ATR-1
INDEX. Le Moine (Stephanus) Gudio. 45 Molino Meursio. 130 N. Nicolaus Nicolai Nicolao Everhardi. 383 -- Everhardo Nicolai. 385. & seq. Nizolius Majoragio. 135 O. Osfredi (Carlo) Gudio. 63 Oldenburgus Morhosio. 73. 74 Operinus Cicerino. 164. & seq. P. Parrhasius (Ianus) Chalcondylæ. 137 Pellegrino (Camillo) Gudio. 67 Phædrus (Thomas) Humiliato. 139 Phlug (Julius) Cardinali. 191 Piccartus Kirchmanno. 254. & seq. -- Meursio. 260 Pollio Scipioni Gentili. 339 Pomeranus Majoragio. 194 R. Rachelius Gudio. 61 Regiensis (Antonius) Majoragio. 140 Reinesius Gudio. 36. & seq. -- Tobiæ Majo. 312. 318 Remus Elswychio. 219 -- Jungermanno. 211 -- Kirchmanno. 211. & seq. Rhodomannus Kirchmanno. 266 Rittershusius Kirchmanno. 231 Rosweydus Meursio. 278 Ruarus Kirchmanno. 261. & seq. Russius Gudio. 55 Rutgersius Kirchmanno. 220. & seq. S. Salmasius Sarravio. S. 52. 63. 82. 114. 145. 186 -- Justo Kriexio. 377. 378 Sarravius Balsacio. S. 147 -- Blondello S. 240. 241. 244. 246. 249. 251. 261 -- Candalio S. 152 -- Christina Sueciæ reginæ. 239. 253. 255 -- Petro Cornelio S. 45 -- Vincentio Fabritio. S. 15. 16. 22. 23. 24. 32. 34. 41, 196. -- Fabro. S. 261 -- Freinshemio. S. 11 -- Jacobo Gothofredo. S. 43. 44. 131 -- Joanni Frederico Gronovio. S. 17. 20. 23. 25. 26. 27. 30. 36. 37. 39. 46. 59. 146. 178. 245. -- Grotio. S. 11. 12. 14. 20. 24. 29. 58 -- Danieli Heinsio. S. 158 -- Nicolao Heinsio. S. 175 -- Lambecio. S. 183 -- Alexandro Moro. S. 18. 36. 39. 40. 43. 45. 48. 49. 68. 107. 215 -- Oldenburgo. S. 209 -- Palmerio a Grentesmesnil. S. 13. 15. 19. 22. 28. 31. 33. -- Samueli Petito. S. 21 -- Josuæ Placæo. S. 179 -- Jo. Georgio Richtero. S. 72 -- Salmasio. S. 50 Or passim. -- Isaaco Sarravio, S. 260 -- Henrico Valesio. S. 151 -- Jano Vlitio. S. 62 -- Isaaco Vossio. S. 42. 175. 217. 219. 228. 231. 236. 242. 243. 245. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 254. 262 -- Jacobo Usserio. S. 180. 193 Scaliger (Josephus) Scipioni Gentili. 355. 356 -- Ranzovio. 152. 153 -- Salmasio. 154 Schefferus Rachelio. 60 Schottus Scriverio. 220 Secundus (Ioannes) Everardo Nicolai. 381. 382 Spanhemius (Ezechiel) Gudio. 44 Oo 2 Ste-
Transcription: Translated (English)
INDEX. Le Moine (Stephanus) Gudio. 45 Molino Meursio. 130 N. Nicolaus Nicolai Nicolao Everhardi. 383 -- Everhardo Nicolai. 385. & seq. Nizolius Majoragio. 135 O. Osfredi (Carlo) Gudio. 63 Oldenburgus Morhosio. 73. 74 Operinus Cicerino. 164. & seq. P. Parrhasius (Ianus) Chalcondylæ. 137 Pellegrino (Camillo) Gudio. 67 Phædrus (Thomas) Humiliato. 139 Phlug (Julius) Cardinali. 191 Piccartus Kirchmanno. 254. & seq. -- Meursio. 260 Pollio Scipioni Gentili. 339 Pomeranus Majoragio. 194 R. Rachelius Gudio. 61 Regiensis (Antonius) Majoragio. 140 Reinesius Gudio. 36. & seq. -- Tobiæ Majo. 312. 318 Remus Elswychio. 219 -- Jungermanno. 211 -- Kirchmanno. 211. & seq. Rhodomannus Kirchmanno. 266 Rittershusius Kirchmanno. 231 Rosweydus Meursio. 278 Ruarus Kirchmanno. 261. & seq. Russius Gudio. 55 Rutgersius Kirchmanno. 220. & seq. S. Salmasius Sarravio. S. 52. 63. 82. 114. 145. 186 -- Justo Kriexio. 377. 378 Sarravius Balsacio. S. 147 -- Blondello S. 240. 241. 244. 246. 249. 251. 261 -- Candalio S. 152 -- Christina Sueciæ reginæ. 239. 253. 255 -- Petro Cornelio S. 45 -- Vincentio Fabritio. S. 15. 16. 22. 23. 24. 32. 34. 41, 196. -- Fabro. S. 261 -- Freinshemio. S. 11 -- Jacobo Gothofredo. S. 43. 44. 131 -- Joanni Frederico Gronovio. S. 17. 20. 23. 25. 26. 27. 30. 36. 37. 39. 46. 59. 146. 178. 245. -- Grotio. S. 11. 12. 14. 20. 24. 29. 58 -- Danieli Heinsio. S. 158 -- Nicolao Heinsio. S. 175 -- Lambecio. S. 183 -- Alexandro Moro. S. 18. 36. 39. 40. 43. 45. 48. 49. 68. 107. 215 -- Oldenburgo. S. 209 -- Palmerio a Grentesmesnil. S. 13. 15. 19. 22. 28. 31. 33. -- Samueli Petito. S. 21 -- Josuæ Placæo. S. 179 -- Jo. Georgio Richtero. S. 72 -- Salmasio. S. 50 Or passim. -- Isaaco Sarravio, S. 260 -- Henrico Valesio. S. 151 -- Jano Vlitio. S. 62 -- Isaaco Vossio. S. 42. 175. 217. 219. 228. 231. 236. 242. 243. 245. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 254. 262 -- Jacobo Usserio. S. 180. 193 Scaliger (Josephus) Scipioni Gentili. 355. 356 -- Ranzovio. 152. 153 -- Salmasio. 154 Schefferus Rachelio. 60 Schottus Scriverio. 220 Secundus (Ioannes) Everardo Nicolai. 381. 382 Spanhemius (Ezechiel) Gudio. 44 Oo 2 Ste-
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Transcription: ATR-1
INDEX I. Stephanus Stephanius Kirchmanno. Velferus Kirchmanno. 186 308. 309 — Meursio. 185 Sylburgius Scipioni Gentili. Verrius (Antonius) Calvo. 144 339 Vossius (Gerardus Ioannes) Kirchmanno. 319 T. Vossius (Isaacus) Salmasio. 329 & seq. Theocrenus (Benedictus) Jovio. W. Wesembecius (Petrus) Scipioni Gentili. 372 142 Wouwerius Kirchmanno. 274. & seq. Thevenot Gudio. —Lindenbrogio. 277 69 —Lindenbrogio. Thuanus (Iac. Augustus) Scipioni W. Gentili. 272 162 Wouwerius Kirchmanno. 274. & seq. Torrentius Lipsio. —Lindenbrogio. 197 —Lindenbrogio. Triultius (Cæsar) Pomponio Fratri —Lindenbrogio. 143 —Lindenbrogio. V. INDEX II. Scriptorum qui in his Epistolis laudantur, illustrantur vel emendantur. A. Augustinus. S. 64. 66 ÆCro. Aulus Gellius. 157. S. 212 Ælianus. Aurelius Victor. S. 73 Alcimus Avitus. C. Alcuinus. Callimachus. 192 Alfredi vita. Capitularia Caroli. M.S. 161 Ammianus Marcellinus. Celsus. 58. 59 Chrysostomus. S. 69. 74. 75. Cicero. 230. 286. S. 82. Anastasius Bibliothecarius. S. Codex Theodosianus. S. 44. 143. Cyrillus. 39. S. 121 145. 176 D. Anthologia. Demosthenes. S. 13. 19 Apulejus. Diodorus Siculus. 33 201. 363 Diogenes Laertius. 1. 133 Aristides. S. Dionysius Halicarnassensis. 157 95 Donatus. 81. 84 Aristophanes Comicus. S. E. 75. 81. Epictetus. 330 91. 192 Etymologicum Magnum. 229 Aristophanes Grammaticus. S. Eunæ- 186 Eunæ-
Transcription: Translated (English)
INDEX I. Stephanus Stephanius Kirchmanno. Velferus Kirchmanno. 186 308. 309 — Meursio. 185 Sylburgius Scipioni Gentili. Verrius (Antonius) Calvo. 144 339 Vossius (Gerardus Ioannes) Kirchmanno. 319 T. Vossius (Isaacus) Salmasio. 329 & seq. Theocrenus (Benedictus) Jovio. W. Wesembecius (Petrus) Scipioni Gentili. 372 142 Wouwerius Kirchmanno. 274. & seq. Thevenot Gudio. —Lindenbrogio. 277 69 —Lindenbrogio. Thuanus (Iac. Augustus) Scipioni W. Gentili. 272 162 Wouwerius Kirchmanno. 274. & seq. Torrentius Lipsio. —Lindenbrogio. 197 —Lindenbrogio. Triultius (Cæsar) Pomponio Fratri —Lindenbrogio. 143 —Lindenbrogio. V. INDEX II. Writers who are praised, illustrated, or emended in these Letters. A. Augustinus. S. 64. 66 ÆCro. Aulus Gellius. 157. S. 212 Ælianus. Aurelius Victor. S. 73 Alcimus Avitus. C. Alcuinus. Callimachus. 192 Alfredi vita. Capitularia Caroli. M.S. 161 Ammianus Marcellinus. Celsus. 58. 59 Chrysostomus. S. 69. 74. 75. Cicero. 230. 286. S. 82. Anastasius Bibliothecarius. S. Codex Theodosianus. S. 44. 143. Cyrillus. 39. S. 121 145. 176 D. Anthologia. Demosthenes. S. 13. 19 Apulejus. Diodorus Siculus. 33 201. 363 Diogenes Laertius. 1. 133 Aristides. S. Dionysius Halicarnassensis. 157 95 Donatus. 81. 84 Aristophanes Comicus. S. E. 75. 81. Epictetus. 330 91. 192 Etymologicum Magnum. 229 Aristophanes Grammaticus. S. Eunæ- 186 Eunæ-
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INDEX II. Eunapius. 2 Eusebius. S. 56 F. Festus. 156.157 G. Glossæ Iuvenalis. S. 82 H. Harpocration. 1.2. S. 19 Hermogenes. 135 Hesychius. 331. S. 19.80.93.100.212 Hieroceles. S. 78 Hippolytus. 17.34.49.70 Horatius. S. 37 Horatii vita. S. 79 I. Inscriptiones antiquæ. 4.29.36.37.38.50.51. S. 60.83. Inscriptio Herodis. 191 Institutiones Justiniani. 55 Josephus. 1. S. 21.77.78 Julianus. 38 Juvenalis. S. 94.96 L. Livius. 63.157. S. 46 Lucianus. 190 Lucanus. 201 M. Marculphus. S. 120 Martialis. 201.321 Mæris Atticista. S. 164 N. Nehumias Hebræus Magister. S. 38 O. Obsequens. 186 Ovidius. 321. S. 257.258 P. Palladius. 279 Pandectæ. 335.352.354.377. S. 58.92.129.189.209 Paullinus. 321 Phædrus. 8.64 65. S. 48. Phavorinus. 1 Philostorgius. S. 40.44 Philostratus. S. 152 Pindarus. 191 Plato. S. 258 Plautus. S. 259 Plinius. 64.143.156.326. S. 163. 206 Plutarchus. 70 Pollux. 2 Prudentius. 38.229.230 Ptolomæus. 332 Pythagoræ carmina. 188 S. Salvianus. 249. S. 75 Scholiastes Theocriti. 1 Seneca. 201. S. 236 Servius. 156.232.319 Sidonius Apollinaris. 156 Solinus. S. 37 Statius. 321 Suetonius. 47. S. 189 Suidas. 229. S. 190.192 Symmachus. 186 T. Tacitus. 326 Tactici auctores. 186 Tertullianus. 255. S. 63.97 Testamentum novum. S. 72.74. 88.110.125.162.163.166.174.177.178.179.189.270 Themistius. 211 Theocritus. 329 Theodoretus. 39. S. 112 Theophrastus. 1 Tibullus. S. 144 V. Virgilius. S. 75.145.192 Oo 3 IN-
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INDEX II. Eunapius. 2 Eusebius. S. 56 F. Festus. 156.157 G. Glossæ Iuvenalis. S. 82 H. Harpocration. 1.2. S. 19 Hermogenes. 135 Hesychius. 331. S. 19.80.93.100.212 Hieroceles. S. 78 Hippolytus. 17.34.49.70 Horatius. S. 37 Horatii vita. S. 79 I. Inscriptiones antiquæ. 4.29.36.37.38.50.51. S. 60.83. Inscriptio Herodis. 191 Institutiones Justiniani. 55 Josephus. 1. S. 21.77.78 Julianus. 38 Juvenalis. S. 94.96 L. Livius. 63.157. S. 46 Lucianus. 190 Lucanus. 201 M. Marculphus. S. 120 Martialis. 201.321 Mæris Atticista. S. 164 N. Nehumias Hebræus Magister. S. 38 O. Obsequens. 186 Ovidius. 321. S. 257.258 P. Palladius. 279 Pandectæ. 335.352.354.377. S. 58.92.129.189.209 Paullinus. 321 Phædrus. 8.64 65. S. 48. Phavorinus. 1 Philostorgius. S. 40.44 Philostratus. S. 152 Pindarus. 191 Plato. S. 258 Plautus. S. 259 Plinius. 64.143.156.326. S. 163. 206 Plutarchus. 70 Pollux. 2 Prudentius. 38.229.230 Ptolomæus. 332 Pythagoræ carmina. 188 S. Salvianus. 249. S. 75 Scholiastes Theocriti. 1 Seneca. 201. S. 236 Servius. 156.232.319 Sidonius Apollinaris. 156 Solinus. S. 37 Statius. 321 Suetonius. 47. S. 189 Suidas. 229. S. 190.192 Symmachus. 186 T. Tacitus. 326 Tactici auctores. 186 Tertullianus. 255. S. 63.97 Testamentum novum. S. 72.74. 88.110.125.162.163.166.174.177.178.179.189.270 Themistius. 211 Theocritus. 329 Theodoretus. 39. S. 112 Theophrastus. 1 Tibullus. S. 144 V. Virgilius. S. 75.145.192 Oo 3 IN-
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INDEX III. Qui exhibet res, & Doctorum & Clarissimorum Virorum nomina, quorum in his Epistolis Mentio sit. A. Amsinkius. S. 33 Abundius Castellionæus (Franciscus). Amyraldus. S. 35. 54. 104. 108. 136. 152. 166 Abellio Deus. S. 64 Academia Altorfiana. 162 Adami peccati imputatio. S. 109 Adducere rationes. 136 Adoptio Christi in filium. 213 Ægritudo. 136 Ærodius. S. 70 Æstimium. S. 65 Agathius. 75 Albertinus. S. 186 Albinæus. S. 117 Albutiani, inscriptum in urnis. S. 143 Alciatus. 120. 151 -- Auditorum frequentia. 76. 77 -- Avenione jus profitetur. 75 -- Biturigas vocatus. 106 -- Vicarius Provisionis. 99 Alciati Carmina. 110 -- Familiaritas cum suis. 79 -- Iudicium de Zasio. 76 -- Oratio ad Mathiam Minoritam. 80. 81. 82 Aurelius (Petrus). S. 171 -- Oratio Inauguralis. 83 Alcuinus. 315. & seq. Alexander ab Alexandro. 91 Alexius a Massalia, Salmasius. S. 26 Allatius. S. 71. 190 Aloander. 380 Alpheni JCti scripta. 91 Altaserra. 71 Amerbachjus. 76. 110 Amianum Castrum. 87 Amphitheatrum Romanum. 4 Amplus festertius. S. 37
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INDEX III. Which exhibits the matters and the names of learned and most distinguished men, mentioned in these letters. A. Amsinkius. S. 33 Abundius Castellionæus (Franciscus). Amyraldus. S. 35. 54. 104. 108. 136. 152. 166 Abellio Deus. S. 64 Academia Altorfiana. 162 Adami peccati imputatio. S. 109 Adducere rationes. 136 Adoptio Christi in filium. 213 Ægritudo. 136 Ærodius. S. 70 Æstimium. S. 65 Agathius. 75 Albertinus. S. 186 Albinæus. S. 117 Albutiani, inscriptum in urnis. S. 143 Alciatus. 120. 151 -- Auditorum frequentia. 76. 77 -- Avenione jus profitetur. 75 -- Biturigas vocatus. 106 -- Vicarius Provisionis. 99 Alciati Carmina. 110 -- Familiaritas cum suis. 79 -- Iudicium de Zasio. 76 -- Oratio ad Mathiam Minoritam. 80. 81. 82 Aurelius (Petrus). S. 171 -- Oratio Inauguralis. 83 Alcuinus. 315. & seq. Alexander ab Alexandro. 91 Alexius a Massalia, Salmasius. S. 26 Allatius. S. 71. 190 Aloander. 380 Alpheni JCti scripta. 91 Altaserra. 71 Amerbachjus. 76. 110 Amianum Castrum. 87 Amphitheatrum Romanum. 4 Amplus festertius. S. 37
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INDEX III. Beatus Abbas. 317 Beatus Rhenanus. 148 Bebellius. 108 Becellus (Alexander). 116 Benevone Cardinalis. 131 Benifacio. 131 Berneccerus. S. 26 Berterius. S. 92. 84 Beverovicius. S. 29. 30 Beza. S. 17. 177 Bibliotheca Amstelodamensis. 70 --- Cardinalis Benevone. 131 --- Thuana. 51 --- Ultrajectina. 70 Bignonius. S. 128. 155 Binardus. S. 87 Blondellus. S. 12. 14. 20. 33. 130. 134. 170. 173. 180. 200. 205. 213. 216. 220. 267 Blosius. 139 Bochartus. S. 13. 20. 28. 31. 69. 116. 131. 182. 200. 203. 208. 209. 211. 212. 213 Bochellus. S. 76 Boldonius. 116 Bordingus. 205. 215 Bormæus Phrysius. 108 Bosius. 73 Bostrani. 39 Boucherus. S. 107 Boxhornius. 377. S. 46 Brassetus. S. 53. 88 Bricquetus. S. 128 Bridieuxius. S. 53 Bruræius. 147 Budæus. 86 Buriardus. S. 46 Bussii fratres. 241 C. Cælius Calcagninus. 132 Cælius Rhodiginus. 117 Cæsar Cremoninus. 116 Cæsius. 113 Cajetanus Cardinalis. 380 Caligula, Vir peccati. S. 27 Calvus (Andraas). 143 --- Franciscus. 117 --- Iulius. 85 Cambesis. 70. 71 Camerarius (Ioachimus). 306 --- Philippus. 218 Camerius. S. 182 Camero. S. 35 Camillus (Iulius). 109 Campegius. 116 Candalius. S. 40. 48 Cantiuncula (Claudius). 78. 86. 92 Capaccius (Iulius Cæsar). 222 Capellus. S. 22. 80. 87. 125. 159 Capoferreus. 41 Capuus (M. Antonius). 108 Carolus a Milticis. 380 Calaubonus. 145. 146. 253. 273. S. 17. 111. 156 Caselius. 147. 205 Castellanus (Bernardus): 83 Castellionæus. S. 53 Castratio auctorum. 210 Catanæus (Ioan Maria). 79 καταγείτω. S. 175 Catterius. S. 195 Catus (Ludovicus). 107 Caussius. S. 50. 51 Caymus. 120 Cesanus. 87 Chalcitis. 58. 59 Chimentellius. 64 Chouetus. S. 90 Christi filiatio. 312 Cicereus (Franciscus). 120 Ciceronis paradoxa defensa a Nizolio. 132 --- Officiorum editio. 60 --- Oratio in Pisonem integra 109 Ki-
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INDEX III. Beatus Abbas. 317 Beatus Rhenanus. 148 Bebellius. 108 Becellus (Alexander). 116 Benevone Cardinalis. 131 Benifacio. 131 Berneccerus. S. 26 Berterius. S. 92. 84 Beverovicius. S. 29. 30 Beza. S. 17. 177 Bibliotheca Amstelodamensis. 70 --- Cardinalis Benevone. 131 --- Thuana. 51 --- Ultrajectina. 70 Bignonius. S. 128. 155 Binardus. S. 87 Blondellus. S. 12. 14. 20. 33. 130. 134. 170. 173. 180. 200. 205. 213. 216. 220. 267 Blosius. 139 Bochartus. S. 13. 20. 28. 31. 69. 116. 131. 182. 200. 203. 208. 209. 211. 212. 213 Bochellus. S. 76 Boldonius. 116 Bordingus. 205. 215 Bormæus Phrysius. 108 Bosius. 73 Bostrani. 39 Boucherus. S. 107 Boxhornius. 377. S. 46 Brassetus. S. 53. 88 Bricquetus. S. 128 Bridieuxius. S. 53 Bruræius. 147 Budæus. 86 Buriardus. S. 46 Bussii fratres. 241 C. Cælius Calcagninus. 132 Cælius Rhodiginus. 117 Cæsar Cremoninus. 116 Cæsius. 113 Cajetanus Cardinalis. 380 Caligula, Vir peccati. S. 27 Calvus (Andraas). 143 --- Franciscus. 117 --- Iulius. 85 Cambesis. 70. 71 Camerarius (Ioachimus). 306 --- Philippus. 218 Camerius. S. 182 Camero. S. 35 Camillus (Iulius). 109 Campegius. 116 Candalius. S. 40. 48 Cantiuncula (Claudius). 78. 86. 92 Capaccius (Iulius Cæsar). 222 Capellus. S. 22. 80. 87. 125. 159 Capoferreus. 41 Capuus (M. Antonius). 108 Carolus a Milticis. 380 Calaubonus. 145. 146. 253. 273. S. 17. 111. 156 Caselius. 147. 205 Castellanus (Bernardus): 83 Castellionæus. S. 53 Castratio auctorum. 210 Catanæus (Ioan Maria). 79 καταγείτω. S. 175 Catterius. S. 195 Catus (Ludovicus). 107 Caussius. S. 50. 51 Caymus. 120 Cesanus. 87 Chalcitis. 58. 59 Chimentellius. 64 Chouetus. S. 90 Christi filiatio. 312 Cicereus (Franciscus). 120 Ciceronis paradoxa defensa a Nizolio. 132 --- Officiorum editio. 60 --- Oratio in Pisonem integra 109 Ki-
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INDEX III. Κιλικίαλ λάγοι. S. 97.100 Citrarius. 138 Clapmarius. 231.234 Glaufulæ. 138 Coa. 120 Codicum veterum destinctiones. 186. & seq. Codurcus (Philippus) S. 121 Kockertus (Augustinus) 216 Colerus. 234 Colignius. S. 53 Coligo. S. 64 Coliseum. S. 146 Colium pro domicilio. S. 64 Collineus. 109 Collinus (Iacobus) 111 Colvius. S. 92 Conchæ marinæ in mediterraneis repertæ. S. 113.114 Conjunctio re & verbis. 335 Conradus Celtes. 219 Consentinus. 100 Corbeta (Hilario) 114 — Valterius. 109 Cornari libellus de vita sobria. S. 25. 26.31 Cornarii (Iani) lites cum Fuchsio. 166 Corona Episcopis tributa. S. 76 Cososus. S. 64 Cratander. 95.108 Crematio cadaverum cur desierit. 156 Critici. S. 188 Crojus. S. 39.81.95.103.105. 113.130 Cruceus. S. 16 Cucupha. S. 83 Cujacius. S. 15 Cumontius. S. 106 Cunæus. 325 Curtius. 107 Cuspinianus. 78 Cyprianus Regneri. S. 25.26.31 Cyrbasis. S. 97 D. Dallæus. S. 34 Daniæ Rex. 21 Daniel (Petrus) 146 Davila (Henricus) 116 Decianus. 354 Decius. 106 Devarennes (Olivarius) S. 105 Dialectici. 135 Dicæus. 114 Dimidio plus. 58 Diodatus. S. 18 Διοερομός & διοερομός. S. 69.74 Distinctiones veterum liborum. S. 186.187 Divi quando Imperatores dicti. 38 Divortium. S. 120 Domanus. 207.221 Donellus. 162 Donius. S. 79.127 Douchantius. S. 91 Drelincurtius. S. 214 Duchesnius (Andreas) S. 27 Dumajus (Paulus) S. 63 Duncanus. S. 84 E. Ebenbitare. S. 52 Edoardus Palatinus. S. 134 Egidius. 88 Egnatius. 83 Elipandus. 317 Elminthostreæ. S. 184 Eloquentiæ studia in Gallia. 107 Emblemata Alciati. 96 Enthymema. 135 Episcopus Monasteriensis. 53 Erasmus. 94.117 Etherius Episcopus Uxamensis. 317 Eu-
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INDEX III. Κιλικίαλ λάγοι. S. 97.100 Citrarius. 138 Clapmarius. 231.234 Glaufulæ. 138 Coa. 120 Distinctions of ancient codices. 186. & seq. Codurcus (Philippus) S. 121 Kockertus (Augustinus) 216 Colerus. 234 Colignius. S. 53 Coligo. S. 64 Coliseum. S. 146 Colium as domicile. S. 64 Collineus. 109 Collinus (Iacobus) 111 Colvius. S. 92 Sea shells found in inland seas. S. 113.114 Conjunction of things and words. 335 Conradus Celtes. 219 Consentinus. 100 Corbeta (Hilario) 114 — Valterius. 109 Cornari libellus on sober living. S. 25. 26.31 The disputes of Cornarius (Iani) with Fuchsius. 166 Wreath granted to bishops. S. 76 Cososus. S. 64 Cratander. 95.108 Why the cremation of corpses ceased. 156 Critics. S. 188 Crojus. S. 39.81.95.103.105. 113.130 Cruceus. S. 16 Cucupha. S. 83 Cujacius. S. 15 Cumontius. S. 106 Cunæus. 325 Curtius. 107 Cuspinianus. 78 Cyprianus Regneri. S. 25.26.31 Cyrbasis. S. 97 D. Dallæus. S. 34 King of Denmark. 21 Daniel (Petrus) 146 Davila (Henricus) 116 Decianus. 354 Decius. 106 Devarennes (Olivarius) S. 105 Dialecticians. 135 Dicæus. 114 More than half. 58 Diodatus. S. 18 Διοερομός & διοερομός. S. 69.74 Distinctions of old books. S. 186.187 When the emperors were called divi. 38 Divorce. S. 120 Domanus. 207.221 Donellus. 162 Donius. S. 79.127 Douchantius. S. 91 Drelincurtius. S. 214 Duchesnius (Andreas) S. 27 Dumajus (Paulus) S. 63 Duncanus. S. 84 E. Ebenbitare. S. 52 Edoardus Palatinus. S. 134 Egidius. 88 Egnatius. 83 Elipandus. 317 Elminthostreæ. S. 184 Studies of eloquence in France. 107 Emblemata Alciati. 96 Enthymema. 135 Bishop of Münster. 53 Erasmus. 94.117 Etherius, Bishop of Uxama. 317 Eu-
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INDEX III. Eucharistia. S. 189 Eugubinus. 150 Exemplum. 135 Ezroia. S. 75 Exuvix. S. 75 F. Faber (Tanaquillus) 7.70 Fabritius (Vincentius) S. 17.146 Fabrottus. S. 19.35.47.132 Falcarius. S. 106 Felix & Feliciani. 314. & seq. Feramus (Carolus) S. 143 Ferrarius (Franc. Bernardinus) 66 Filiatio Christi. 312 Flaminius (M. Antonius) 121 Florens. S. 35.76. Follis. S. 37 Formula precandi bona perennia. S. 152 Friccius (Hieronymus) 126 Frobenius. 90.108 Fronto Ducæus. S. 194 Fuchsius. 166 Fulmina. 201 Fulmine i[n]tis justa non fiebant. 155 Funda & Fundatum ornamentum capitis Fæminini. S. 145 G. Galeatus Vicecomes. 142 Garrifolius. S. 39 Gaulminus. S. 80 Gazensis Grammaticus. 154 Gebhardus. 222 Gentilis (Scipio) 215.253 Super Genua tollere. 156.201.231 Gernerus primus Martialem castravit. 210 Gigantum patria. S. 93 Giphanius. 231.356 Glareanus. 148 Gogarinus. 56 Goldastus. 208 Gothofredus (Jacobus) S. 12.16. 18.41.43.75.129.157.160 Gothofredus (Theodorus) S. 42 Gradus Academici. S. 146 Gradus Amphitheatri Romani. 4 Grævius. 41 Grammatici veteres libris distinctiones apponebant. S. 87 Gramondus. S. 33 Gratia universalis. S. 140.149 Gretserus. 121 Gronovius (Ioh. Fredericus) 41. 283. S. 16.19.37.40.49.51.79. Grotius. 225.290. S. 16.19.27. 28.39.41.49.73.110.116.118. 145.158.160.165.168.174.267. Grotii epistolæ. S. 196 -- Liber de imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra. S. 108.158. 173. -- Mors. S. 142 Gruterus. 221.260 Grynæus (Simon) 109 Gryphius (Sebastianus) 108 Guidacerius (Agathius) 109 Gujetus. S. 57.79 Guisius Dux. S. 53 Gyraldus (Ioan. Cynthius) 182 H. Habertus (Isaacs) S. 47.79.113 Hadrianus VI. Pontifex. 100 Heidanus. S. 216 Heinsius (Daniel) 191.305.331. S. 14.16. & seq. 26.31.33.49. 57.59.61.65.81.95.103.109. 135.145 Heinsius (Nicolaus) 51. S. 17.19. 147.156.218.264 Hellenistica lingua. S. 33.35.69 Hemeræus. S. 73 Pp Heral-
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INDEX III. Eucharistia. S. 189 Eugubinus. 150 Exemplum. 135 Ezroia. S. 75 Exuvix. S. 75 F. Faber (Tanaquillus) 7.70 Fabritius (Vincentius) S. 17.146 Fabrottus. S. 19.35.47.132 Falcarius. S. 106 Felix & Feliciani. 314. & seq. Feramus (Carolus) S. 143 Ferrarius (Franc. Bernardinus) 66 Filiatio Christi. 312 Flaminius (M. Antonius) 121 Florens. S. 35.76. Follis. S. 37 Formula precandi bona perennia. S. 152 Friccius (Hieronymus) 126 Frobenius. 90.108 Fronto Ducæus. S. 194 Fuchsius. 166 Fulmina. 201 Fulmine i[n]tis justa non fiebant. 155 Funda & Fundatum ornamentum capitis Fæminini. S. 145 G. Galeatus Vicecomes. 142 Garrifolius. S. 39 Gaulminus. S. 80 Gazensis Grammaticus. 154 Gebhardus. 222 Gentilis (Scipio) 215.253 Super Genua tollere. 156.201.231 Gernerus primus Martialem castravit. 210 Gigantum patria. S. 93 Giphanius. 231.356 Glareanus. 148 Gogarinus. 56 Goldastus. 208 Gothofredus (Jacobus) S. 12.16. 18.41.43.75.129.157.160 Gothofredus (Theodorus) S. 42 Gradus Academici. S. 146 Gradus Amphitheatri Romani. 4 Grævius. 41 Grammatici veteres libris distinctiones apponebant. S. 87 Gramondus. S. 33 Gratia universalis. S. 140.149 Gretserus. 121 Gronovius (Ioh. Fredericus) 41. 283. S. 16.19.37.40.49.51.79. Grotius. 225.290. S. 16.19.27. 28.39.41.49.73.110.116.118. 145.158.160.165.168.174.267. Grotii epistolæ. S. 196 -- Liber de imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra. S. 108.158. 173. -- Mors. S. 142 Gruterus. 221.260 Grynæus (Simon) 109 Gryphius (Sebastianus) 108 Guidacerius (Agathius) 109 Gujetus. S. 57.79 Guisius Dux. S. 53 Gyraldus (Ioan. Cynthius) 182 H. Habertus (Isaacs) S. 47.79.113 Hadrianus VI. Pontifex. 100 Heidanus. S. 216 Heinsius (Daniel) 191.305.331. S. 14.16. & seq. 26.31.33.49. 57.59.61.65.81.95.103.109. 135.145 Heinsius (Nicolaus) 51. S. 17.19. 147.156.218.264 Hellenistica lingua. S. 33.35.69 Hemeræus. S. 73 Pp Heral-
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INDEX III. Heraldus. 228.273. S. 17.19.33. 58.70.81.92.95.98.101.128. 133.185.189.195.264.270. Justinianus (Sebastianus) L. 107 Heraldi Mors. S. 208 Labbæus. 71 Hersentius. S. 53 Laetius. S. 49.220 Hevelius. S. 196 Lætus (Pomponius) 92 Hippolytus a Collibus. 369 Lambecius. S. 240 Hoeschelius. 234 Langelottus. 74 Holstenius (Lucas) 71. S. 80. 171 Langius (Carolus) 197 Holstinius (Fredericus) 195 Langlus (Maximilianus) S. 38 Honorarii Titulus. S. 52.173 Languetus. S. 71 Honoratus Faber. 62 Laocoontis statua. 143 Hornejus (Cumradus) 209 Lares. S. 64 Hubnerus. 235 Lascaris (Ianus) 137.139 Huetius. 31.70 Launæus. S. 14 Hugenius. S. 18 Launoyus (Ioannes) S. 162 J. Legere, pro in scholis profiteri. S. 146 Janninius. 154 Leonardus Hispanus. 82.97 Janssenius. S. 57 Leonicensus. 77 Janssenianorum diffidium. S. 67 Leus Anglus. 380 Jarrigius. S. 186 Libentina. S. 64 Jalon. 90.106 Liburnus. S. 64 Idem esse cum illo. 136 Lignivermostbræcæ. S. 184 Jesuitæ. 62.189. S. 107 Lindenbrogius. S. 35 Imperator (Constantinus L'empereur) S. 49.87 Literarum antiquarum formæ. S. 188 Imputatio peccati Adamici. S. 109. 112 Locis. S. 65.67.70 Joanna Papissa. S. 143.145.151. 180 Lubinus. 225 Joannes Andemacus. 109 Lupanus (Osthoe) 114 Jonsius. 14 Luranus. 99 Jovius (Benedictus) 83.165.167 Lutherus. 87.88.90.92.94.151 Junius (Hadrianus) S. 87 M. Jurievius. S. 105 Mabillonus. 51 Justellus. S. 74.131 Mæcenas. 290 Justelli mors. S. 208 Magius. 123 Justinianus (Antonius) 78 Magistri qui gradum in scholis acqui- liverunt. S. 149 Majoragius. 118.120.123.164 Majoragii antiparadoxa. 132 -- Li-
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INDEX III. Heraldus. 228.273. S. 17.19.33. 58.70.81.92.95.98.101.128. 133.185.189.195.264.270. Justinianus (Sebastianus) L. 107 Heraldi Mors. S. 208 Labbæus. 71 Hersentius. S. 53 Laetius. S. 49.220 Hevelius. S. 196 Lætus (Pomponius) 92 Hippolytus a Collibus. 369 Lambecius. S. 240 Hoeschelius. 234 Langelottus. 74 Holstenius (Lucas) 71. S. 80. 171 Langius (Carolus) 197 Holstinius (Fredericus) 195 Langlus (Maximilianus) S. 38 Honorarii Titulus. S. 52.173 Languetus. S. 71 Honoratus Faber. 62 Laocoontis statua. 143 Hornejus (Cumradus) 209 Lares. S. 64 Hubnerus. 235 Lascaris (Ianus) 137.139 Huetius. 31.70 Launæus. S. 14 Hugenius. S. 18 Launoyus (Ioannes) S. 162 J. Legere, pro in scholis profiteri. S. 146 Janninius. 154 Leonardus Hispanus. 82.97 Janssenius. S. 57 Leonicensus. 77 Janssenianorum diffidium. S. 67 Leus Anglus. 380 Jarrigius. S. 186 Libentina. S. 64 Jalon. 90.106 Liburnus. S. 64 Idem esse cum illo. 136 Lignivermostbræcæ. S. 184 Jesuitæ. 62.189. S. 107 Lindenbrogius. S. 35 Imperator (Constantinus L'empereur) S. 49.87 Literarum antiquarum formæ. S. 188 Imputatio peccati Adamici. S. 109. 112 Locis. S. 65.67.70 Joanna Papissa. S. 143.145.151. 180 Lubinus. 225 Joannes Andemacus. 109 Lupanus (Osthoe) 114 Jonsius. 14 Luranus. 99 Jovius (Benedictus) 83.165.167 Lutherus. 87.88.90.92.94.151 Junius (Hadrianus) S. 87 M. Jurievius. S. 105 Mabillonus. 51 Justellus. S. 74.131 Mæcenas. 290 Justelli mors. S. 208 Magius. 123 Justinianus (Antonius) 78 Magistri qui gradum in scholis acqui- liverunt. S. 149 Majoragius. 118.120.123.164 Majoragii antiparadoxa. 132 -- Li-
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INDEX III. — Lites cum Nizolio. 121. 122. 126. 166 Manchasola. S. 145 Marca (Petrus de) S. 33. 43. 104 Marcellinus (Petrus Ayroldus) 116 Marcellus Florentinus. 83 Marescottus. S. 12 Maresius (Rolandus) 202 Marlianus. 88. 96 Martyrologium. 68 Maussacus. 191. S. 41. 81 Maximilianus Imperator. 51 Megalus auctor Etymologici. 229 Meibomius (Marcus) 56 Memmius. S. 32. 35. 42 Menagius. S. 51. 54. 56. 63. 70. 93. 264 Menantius. S. 251 Mendoza (Don Diego Hurtado de) 131 Mentelius. S. 108 Mercerus. S. 85 Mercurius Censualis. 50 Merula. 159 Mestrezatius. S. 106 Meursius. 290 Mezeriacus (Claudius) S. 190 Militia Romana. S. 47. 47 Milleterius. S. 19. 50. 51. 81. 83. 85. 110. 117. 121. 173 Minutianus. 111 Le Moine. 70 Molæus. S. 139 Molinæus (Petrus) S. 33. 182. 195. 207 Monachorum tonsura. S. 75 Monetæ Mutatio. S. 177 Morinus. S. 147 Morus (Alexander) S. 90. 91. 202. 208. 209. 212 Motta Vaherius. S. 98 Mulierum laudatio solennis 157 Mundi exitium an seiverint Apostoli. S. 29 Municipales Dii. S. 63 N. Nannetes vicus. S. 63 Nardini. 64 Nizolii lites cum Majoragio. 121. 122. 126. 161 Nocumentum. 136 Numina Augustorum. S. 64 O. Operari. 136 Oporinus. 126 Oratores. 135 Osiander (Lucas) 163 Osius (Felix) 116 Ossa defunctis crematis lecta. 207 — Peregre mortuorum domum reportata. 158 Ostreæ in mediterraneis repertæ. S. 114 O' Th e d m . S. 192 P. Pacæus. 99 Pagana tolligio. S. 64 Paganinus. 93 Pagorum Dii. S. 64 Palladius. S. 51 Paludanus. S. 59. 66 Papalitra. S. 76 P a g p a l i n . 157 Parentes pro consanguineis. 91 Pareus. 204. 208. 209. 260 Papalia Taurinensis. 98 Pp 2 Parrha-
Transcription: Translated (English)
INDEX III. — Lites cum Nizolio. 121. 122. 126. 166 Manchasola. S. 145 Marca (Petrus de) S. 33. 43. 104 Marcellinus (Petrus Ayroldus) 116 Marcellus Florentinus. 83 Marescottus. S. 12 Maresius (Rolandus) 202 Marlianus. 88. 96 Martyrologium. 68 Maussacus. 191. S. 41. 81 Maximilianus Imperator. 51 Megalus auctor Etymologici. 229 Meibomius (Marcus) 56 Memmius. S. 32. 35. 42 Menagius. S. 51. 54. 56. 63. 70. 93. 264 Menantius. S. 251 Mendoza (Don Diego Hurtado de) 131 Mentelius. S. 108 Mercerus. S. 85 Mercurius Censualis. 50 Merula. 159 Mestrezatius. S. 106 Meursius. 290 Mezeriacus (Claudius) S. 190 Militia Romana. S. 47. 47 Milleterius. S. 19. 50. 51. 81. 83. 85. 110. 117. 121. 173 Minutianus. 111 Le Moine. 70 Molæus. S. 139 Molinæus (Petrus) S. 33. 182. 195. 207 Monachorum tonsura. S. 75 Monetæ Mutatio. S. 177 Morinus. S. 147 Morus (Alexander) S. 90. 91. 202. 208. 209. 212 Motta Vaherius. S. 98 Mulierum laudatio solennis 157 Mundi exitium an seiverint Apostoli. S. 29 Municipales Dii. S. 63 N. Nannetes vicus. S. 63 Nardini. 64 Nizolii lites cum Majoragio. 121. 122. 126. 161 Nocumentum. 136 Numina Augustorum. S. 64 O. Operari. 136 Oporinus. 126 Oratores. 135 Osiander (Lucas) 163 Osius (Felix) 116 Ossa defunctis crematis lecta. 207 — Peregre mortuorum domum reportata. 158 Ostreæ in mediterraneis repertæ. S. 114 O' Th e d m . S. 192 P. Pacæus. 99 Pagana tolligio. S. 64 Paganinus. 93 Pagorum Dii. S. 64 Palladius. S. 51 Paludanus. S. 59. 66 Papalitra. S. 76 P a g p a l i n . 157 Parentes pro consanguineis. 91 Pareus. 204. 208. 209. 260 Papalia Taurinensis. 98 Pp 2 Parrha-
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INDEX III. Parrhasius (Fanus) 85.91 Parricidiose. 136 Paulus Sarpius Venetus. 358. S. 14 Peccatorum remissio sub veteri testamento. S. 231.233.235 Peirerius. S. 50.66 Peirescius. S. 34 Pellius. 53 Peregre mortuorum ossa domum reportata. 158 Perizonius. 51 Perronius Cardinalis. S. 12 Petavius. S. 21.35.71.130 Petitus (Samuel) S. 13.15.18.30 Petrus Paulus. 140 Peyraredus. S. 12.14 Pflug (Julius) 78.82 Phædrus (Thomas) 138 Phelypeaux. S. 182 Philelphus. 84 Philosophorum veterum sectæ. 133 Pignorius (Laurentius) 116 Pileus summi sacerdotis. S. 99 Piithæus (Franciscus) 160 Planta (Augustinus) 179 Plato. 134 Poëtæ mali. 84 Pontificia auctoritas ab Alciato defensa. 99 Portensis. S. 63 Postellus (Guillelmus) 179 Pricæus. S. 150.162.173 Ptolomæus (Claudius) 88.107 Ptolomæus Energetes. 192 Puccius (Antonius) 380 Puteani fratres. S. 70.155 Puteanus (Petrus) S. 93 Pyrrhus. 78 Q. Quæstorium scriptum. S. 79 Quod. 136 R. Radesianus Abbas. S. 58 Redi. 64 Regale tacitum. S. 105 Regiensis (Io. Maria) 79 Reges Israelis an synedrio subjecti fuerint. 204.208 Regum jus in subjectos. S. 204 Reliquiæ sanctorum. 37.39 Remonstrantes. 289 Renæus. S. 207 Reticula. S. 58.92 Richterus (Io. Georgius) S. 52 Rigaltius. 8.272.292. S. 48 Rittershusius. S. 76 Rittershusii liberi. 308 — Mors. 213 Riveti fratres. S. 39.40.45.165 Rivetus (Andreas) S. 205 Rivetus (Guillelmus) S. 205 Rohanii ducis filius. S. 135.139 — Vidua. S. 137.139 Ruarus. 248.255.256 Rubeus (Octavius) 116 Ruellus. 109 Rulæus. 49 Rutgersius. 227 S. Sabinorum somnia. S. 116.119 Saccetus (Franciscus) 118 Sadoletus. 143.144 Salamonius. 86 88.113 Salmasius. S. 12.18.21.26.30.31.32.35.47.48.49.246 Sanctius. 89 Sandellius. 117 Savoia. 140 Scaliger (Josephus) 40.188.253 Scaligeri mors., 259 Scara-
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INDEX III. Parrhasius (Fanus) 85.91 Parricidiose. 136 Paulus Sarpius Venetus. S. 14 Remission of sins under the Old Testament. S. 231.233.235 Peirerius. S. 50.66 Peirescius. S. 34 Pellius. 53 Bones of the dead brought back home from abroad. 158 Perizonius. 51 Perronius Cardinal. S. 12 Petavius. S. 21.35.71.130 Petitus (Samuel) S. 13.15.18.30 Petrus Paulus. 140 Peyraredus. S. 12.14 Pflug (Julius) 78.82 Phædrus (Thomas) 138 Phelypeaux. S. 182 Philelphus. 84 Schools of the ancient philosophers. 133 Pignorius (Laurentius) 116 The high priest's cap. S. 99 Piithæus (Franciscus) 160 Planta (Augustinus) 179 Plato. 134 Bad poets. 84 Pontifical authority defended by Alciato. 99 Portensis. S. 63 Postellus (Guillelmus) 179 Pricæus. S. 150.162.173 Ptolomæus (Claudius) 88.107 Ptolomæus Energetes. 192 Puccius (Antonius) 380 Puteani brothers. S. 70.155 Puteanus (Petrus) S. 93 Pyrrhus. 78 Q. Quæstorium scriptum. S. 79 Quod. 136 R. Radesianus Abbas. S. 58 Redi. 64 Regale tacitum. S. 105 Regiensis (Io. Maria) 79 Whether the kings of Israel were subject to the synedrium. 204.208 The rights of kings over their subjects. S. 204 Relics of saints. 37.39 Remonstrants. 289 Renæus. S. 207 Reticula. S. 58.92 Richterus (Io. Georgius) S. 52 Rigaltius. 8.272.292. S. 48 Rittershusius. S. 76 Rittershusii liberi. 308 — Mors. 213 Riveti brothers. S. 39.40.45.165 Rivetus (Andreas) S. 205 Rivetus (Guillelmus) S. 205 Son of the Duke of Rohan. S. 135.139 — Widow. S. 137.139 Ruarus. 248.255.256 Rubeus (Octavius) 116 Ruellus. 109 Rulæus. 49 Rutgersius. 227 S. Sabine dreams. S. 116.119 Saccetus (Franciscus) 118 Sadoletus. 143.144 Salamonius. 86 88.113 Salmasius. S. 12.18.21.26.30.31.32.35.47.48.49.246 Sanctius. 89 Sandellius. 117 Savoia. 140 Scaliger (Josephus) 40.188.253 Scaliger's death., 259 Scara-
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INDEX III. Scarabellus. 114 Scarlatinus. 89. 112 Schefferus. 65 Schoockius. 329. S. 58. 59 Schotanus. S. 123 Scoppius. 231. 253 Scombergius. S. 58 Scotus. 151 Scribæ. S. 82 Scriptum quæstorium. S. 79. 82 Seldenus. 57 Seleucus Nicanor. 69 Senarius numerus. S. 27 Seneca. 198 Sengeberus. S. 269 Sepulveda. 150 Sestertius amplius. S. 37 Simon. 30 51 Simplicius Verinus (Salmasius) S. 165. 167. 168 Sirmondus. S. 40 Sleidanus. 229 Socrates auctor sectæ Stoicæ. 133 Sonerus (Ernestus) 255 Sorberius. S. 18. 118 Sortilegia virginum vetularum. S. 192 Spanhemius (Fredericus) 333. S. 18. 40. 45. 83. 95. 108. 136. 166. 206. 210 Spanhemius (Ezechiel) 51 Sponius. 50. 54 Stoici a Socrate oriundi. 133 Stuartius. S. 83. 84. 85. 100 Stubrockius. 62 Stunica (Iac. Lopes) 90. 94 Sturmius (Ioannes) 177 Subscription testamentorum. S. 198 Suburbicariæ regiones. S. 12 Sudorius Petivellæus (Philippus) S. 203 Supra genera tollere. 155 Suspendiosis justa nefas facere. 156 Swarthius (Eustathius) 221 Swertius (Franciscus) 292 T. Tacitum regale. S. 105 Tactici scriptores. 72 Talæus. S. 70. 79. 88. 89. 139. 156 Tamerus (Georgius) 175 Tancredus Rohanii ducis filius. S. 135. 137. 139 Tarsici poetæ. S. 97. 100 Tartaricum itinerarium. 69 Telamon. 319 Templa Gentilium a Christianis occupata. S. 66 Tengnagelius (Ioachimus) 205 Tennulius. S. 47 Tyræw. S. 163 Testamentorum subscriptio. S. 198 Tetrarcha. S. 66. 71. 77 Thuanus. S. 47 Thuani Bibliotheca. 51 -- Historia. 158 Thuillius (Ioannes) 117 Thysius. S. 21 Tibiæ in funeribus. 157 Tilius (Ioannes) 44 Tonsura Monachorum. S. 75. 101 -- Servorum. S. 161 Tonsuræ ritus. S. 79 Trachala. S. 73. 80 Trapezitæ. S. 30 Trelschius. 51 Tresellius. S. 11 Triscurria. S. 94. 96 Triultius (Pomponius) 143 -- (Renatus) 142 -- (Theodorus) 142 Trivoli antiquitates. 72 Tréχαλα. S. 75. 80 Turcius. 38 Pp 3 V.
Transcription: Translated (English)
INDEX III. Scarabellus. 114 Scarlatinus. 89. 112 Schefferus. 65 Schoockius. 329. S. 58. 59 Schotanus. S. 123 Scoppius. 231. 253 Scombergius. S. 58 Scotus. 151 Scribæ. S. 82 Scriptum quæstorium. S. 79. 82 Seldenus. 57 Seleucus Nicanor. 69 Senarius numerus. S. 27 Seneca. 198 Sengeberus. S. 269 Sepulveda. 150 Sestertius amplius. S. 37 Simon. 30 51 Simplicius Verinus (Salmasius) S. 165. 167. 168 Sirmondus. S. 40 Sleidanus. 229 Socrates auctor sectæ Stoicæ. 133 Sonerus (Ernestus) 255 Sorberius. S. 18. 118 Sortilegia virginum vetularum. S. 192 Spanhemius (Fredericus) 333. S. 18. 40. 45. 83. 95. 108. 136. 166. 206. 210 Spanhemius (Ezechiel) 51 Sponius. 50. 54 Stoici a Socrate oriundi. 133 Stuartius. S. 83. 84. 85. 100 Stubrockius. 62 Stunica (Iac. Lopes) 90. 94 Sturmius (Ioannes) 177 Subscription testamentorum. S. 198 Suburbicariæ regiones. S. 12 Sudorius Petivellæus (Philippus) S. 203 Supra genera tollere. 155 Suspendiosis justa nefas facere. 156 Swarthius (Eustathius) 221 Swertius (Franciscus) 292 T. Tacitum regale. S. 105 Tactici scriptores. 72 Talæus. S. 70. 79. 88. 89. 139. 156 Tamerus (Georgius) 175 Tancredus Rohanii ducis filius. S. 135. 137. 139 Tarsici poetæ. S. 97. 100 Tartaricum itinerarium. 69 Telamon. 319 Templa Gentilium a Christianis occupata. S. 66 Tengnagelius (Ioachimus) 205 Tennulius. S. 47 Tyræw. S. 163 Testamentorum subscriptio. S. 198 Tetrarcha. S. 66. 71. 77 Thuanus. S. 47 Thuani Bibliotheca. 51 -- Historia. 158 Thuillius (Ioannes) 117 Thysius. S. 21 Tibiæ in funeribus. 157 Tilius (Ioannes) 44 Tonsura Monachorum. S. 75. 101 -- Servorum. S. 161 Tonsuræ ritus. S. 79 Trachala. S. 73. 80 Trapezitæ. S. 30 Trelschius. 51 Tresellius. S. 11 Triscurria. S. 94. 96 Triultius (Pomponius) 143 -- (Renatus) 142 -- (Theodorus) 142 Trivoli antiquitates. 72 Tréχαλα. S. 75. 80 Turcius. 38 Pp 3 V.
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INDEX III. V. Volianus Deus. S. 60. 62. 63. 66. 67 Valesius. S. 129 Varini Lexicon. 104 Vavassor. 70 Velleri Mors. 215 Veneris aureæ statua. 109 Versus in libris. S. 187 Vetularum Virginum sortilegia. S. 192 Vix in vestibus. S. 145 Vida. 110. 111. 113 Vignerus. S. 220 Villius (Gregorius) S. 207 Vincentius Minutianus. 113 Vicis. 88 Vlitius (Ianus) S. 96 Vocabula in men excuntia. S. 129 FINIS.
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INDEX III. V. Volianus Deus. S. 60. 62. 63. 66. 67 Valesius. S. 129 Varini Lexicon. 104 Vavassor. 70 Velleri Mors. 215 Veneris aureæ statua. 109 Versus in libris. S. 187 Vetularum Virginum sortilegia. S. 192 Vix in vestibus. S. 145 Vida. 110. 111. 113 Vignerus. S. 220 Villius (Gregorius) S. 207 Vincentius Minutianus. 113 Vicis. 88 Vlitius (Ianus) S. 96 Vocabula in men excuntia. S. 129 END.
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Graviora Errata in Gudianis. Pag. 3. lin. 24. vidobat lege videbar. 37. 13. dacicas leg. dacia. 14. dacias leg dacicas. 27. ὑλόκαντον leg. ὑλόκαντον. 63. 27. descritte dal signor Virgilio antichissimo discritto da loro leg. descrittore antichissimo dal Virgilio. 72. 20. Balconinus leg. Falconinus. 115. 23. & casto integro leg. casto & integro. 24. proprie leg. propria. 32. referri leg. referro. 121. 14. fratrum leg. fratrem. 133. 25. Anthones leg. Antisthones. 145. 7. nostro leg. nostri. 168. 2. gravissimum leg. gratissimum. 219. 1. Thuanum leg. Thuanus. 224. 29. αἰφαντὸν leg. αἰφαντὸν. 229. 12. Goldasus leg. Goldastus. 243. 16. reliquo leg. relinquo. 254. 8. Wilobaldi leg. Bilibaldi. 300. 24. Ionus Gobhardus leg. Ioanni Kirchmanno. 321. 3. & 29. Preckbenneri leg. Preckbenneri. 322. 1. Alciorum leg. Alcinorum. 353. 10. certiorum leg. certiorem. 376. 31. collybis leg. collibus. In Sarravianis. 17. 13. ἀνπλοιδόν leg. ἀνπλοιδόν. 50. 3. invieris leg. invieris. 75. 34. Περομπολήμμον leg. Περομπολήμμον. 77. 5. Σκολασινὸν leg. Σκολασινὸν. 7. ὑνα leg. ὑπνα. Κυρδις leg. Κυρδίς. 78. 36. Κυριοτάτης leg. Κυριοτάτης. 84. 19. Benteris leg. Benterii. 87. 36. cadero leg. codoro. 107. 20. CL. Salmassius leg. Sarravius. 145. 3. Lugd. Batavorum leg. Lusotiam. 164. 9. σπεῖν leg. σπεῖges. 19. Salmassius Sarravio leg. Salmasio Sarravius. 174. 37. improbaliser leg. improbabilister. 199. 21. Salmassus Sarravio leg. Sarravius Salmasio. 235. Σλτ. ἰσωσικὰς leg. ἰσωσικὰς. Reliqua benignus Lector emendet.
Transcription: Translated (English)
More serious errata in the Gudian manuscripts. Pag. 3. line 24. vidobat, read videbar. 37. 13. dacicas, read dacia. 14. dacias, read dacicas. 27. ὑλόκαντον, read ὑλόκαντον. 63. 27. “descritte dal signor Virgilio antichissimo discritto da loro,” read: “descrittore antichissimo dal Virgilio.” 72. 20. Balconinus, read Falconinus. 115. 23. & casto integro, read casto & integro. 24. proprie, read propria. 32. referri, read referro. 121. 14. fratrum, read fratrem. 133. 25. Anthones, read Antisthones. 145. 7. nostro, read nostri. 168. 2. gravissimum, read gratissimum. 219. 1. Thuanum, read Thuanus. 224. 29. αἰφαντὸν, read αἰφαντὸν. 229. 12. Goldasus, read Goldastus. 243. 16. reliquo, read relinquo. 254. 8. Wilobaldi, read Bilibaldi. 300. 24. Ionus Gobhardus, read Ioanni Kirchmanno. 321. 3. & 29. Preckbenneri, read Preckbenneri. 322. 1. Alciorum, read Alcinorum. 353. 10. certiorum, read certiorem. 376. 31. collybis, read collibus. In the Sarravian manuscripts. 17. 13. ἀνπλοιδόν, read ἀνπλοιδόν. 50. 3. invieris, read invieris. 75. 34. Περομπολήμμον, read Περομπολήμμον. 77. 5. Σκολασινὸν, read Σκολασινὸν. 7. ὑνα, read ὑπνα. Κυρδις, read Κυρδίς. 78. 36. Κυριοτάτης, read Κυριοτάτης. 84. 19. Benteris, read Benterii. 87. 36. cadero, read codoro. 107. 20. CL. Salmassius, read Sarravius. 145. 3. Lugd. Batavorum, read Lusotiam. 164. 9. σπεῖν, read σπεῖges. 19. Salmassius Sarravio, read Salmasio Sarravius. 174. 37. improbaliser, read improbabilister. 199. 21. Salmassus Sarravio, read Sarravius Salmasio. 235. Σλτ. ἰσωσικὰς, read ἰσωσικὰς. The rest let the benevolent reader correct.
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